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Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}} Ketika itu belum begitu jelas apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah itu. Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun [[1979]], Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\". Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan. Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti [[aturan pasar]], sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami [[intervensi negara]] dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat. Secara sederhana, Ekonomi Pancasila dapat disebut sebagai sebuah sistem ekonomi pasar dengan pengendalian pemerintah atau \"ekonomi pasar terkendali\". Mungkin ada istilah-istilah lain yang mendekati pengertian \"Ekonomi Pancasila\", yaitu [[sistem ekonomi campuran]], maksudnya campuran antara [[sistem kapitalisme]] dan [[sosialisme]] atau ''sistem ekonomi jalan ketiga''.\n\nKedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia. [[Sistem ekonomi]] yang berlaku di [[Amerika Utara]] dan [[Eropa Barat]] umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis. Namun persepsi umum menilai bahwa sistem ekonomi Amerika Serikat adalah sebuah model [[ekonomi kapitalis]] yang paling representatif, sedangkan sistem ekonomi di [[Uni Soviet]] (dulu sampai [[1991]]) atau [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] adalah [[model ekonomi]] sosialis yang paling baku. Model ekonomi yang mendekati model ekonomi campuran adalah sistem ekonomi [[Inggris]] atau negara-negara Eropa Barat yang lazim disebut juga sebagai negara kesejahteraan ''[[welfare state]]''.\n[[Berkas:Pancasila Perisai.svg|150px|jmpl|Kelima Lambang dalam Ideologi Pancasila]]\n\n== Ontologis ==\nSecara historis, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila bukanlah hal yang baru, baik dilihat dari segi filosofis, konsepsi, maupun implementasi.{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}} Bahkan sistem Ekonomi Pancasila telah dipraktikkan secara nyata dalam kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi sejak Indonesia merdeka.\n\nEkonomi Pancasila merupakan hal pokok dari sistem ekonomi Indonesia yang telah diamanatkan dalam [[Konstitusi]] [[UUD 1945]]. Suatu sistem ekonomi yang digali dan dibangun dari nilai-nilai yang dianut dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Beberapa prinsip dasar yang ada tersebut antara lain berkaitan dengan prinsip [[kemanusiaan]], [[nasionalisme ekonomi]], [[demokrasi ekonomi]] yang diwujudkan dalam [[ekonomi kerakyatan]], dan [[keadilan]].\n\nSebagaimana teori ekonomi [[neo-klasik]] yang dibangun atas dasar paham liberal dengan mengedepankan nilai individualisme dan kebebasan pasar (Mubyarto, 2002: 68), Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang bisa berasal dari nilai-nilai agama, [[kebudayaan]], adat-istiadat, atau norma-norma, yang membentuk perilaku ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.\n\nEkonomi Pancasila sebenarnya adalah teori dan sistem ekonomi yang bertujuan menggantikan [[perekonomian kolonial]] menjadi nasional. Karena itu, untuk membumikan ekonomi Pancasila diperlukan pemahaman hakikat [[perekonomian kolonial]] dalam wacana ontologis.\n\n\n== Karakteristik ==\n[[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een marktkraam met groente op de Pasar te Malang Oost-Java. TMnr 60005861.jpg|jmpl|Pasar tradisional merupakan sumber perekonomian bangsa Indonesia, di mana perekonomian bangsa dibangun terutama banyak masyarakat yang menggantungkan diri, salah satunya ialah pasar Malang.]]\nTerdapat lima ciri pokok pada konsep Ekonomi Pancasila, yakni:\n* Dikembangkannya [[koperasi]];\n* adanya komitmen pemerataan;\n* lahirnya [[kebijakan ekonomi]] yang nasionalis;\n* perencanaan yang terpusat; dan\n* pelaksanaannya secara [[desentralisasi]].{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}\nTampak bahwa sistem Ekonomi Pancasila memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan [[sistem ekonomi liberal]]. Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila berorientasi pada rakyat kebanyakan,{{Cite news|last=JPNN.com|first=Fri|date=13 Juni 2021|title=Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila Menjawab Tantangan Ekonomi Global|url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/sistem-ekonomi-pancasila-menjawab-tantangan-ekonomi-global|work=JPNN.com}} sedangkan sistem ekonomi liberal hanya menguntungkan individu-individu tanpa memerhatikan manusia lain sering juga disebut dengan ''[[relative gain]]''. Namun juga, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi sosialis yang tidak mengakui adanya kepemilikan individu.{{citeweb|title=Pancasila needs to be implemented to economic system|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82614/pancasila-needs-to-be-implemented-to-economic-system|publisher=antaranews.com|accessdate=29 April 2014}} Inilah keunggulan dari sistem Ekonomi Pancasila.\n[[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Verkoop van pajongs (parasols) langs een van de hoofdstraten van Madiun Oost-Java TMnr 10002688.jpg|200px|jmpl|Pasar merupakan urat nadi perekonomian Indonesia]]\n\n== Kebijakan Perekonomian ==\nPemerintah telah menerbitkan paket [[kebijakan ekonomi]] tambahan pada Oktober 2013.{{fact}} Kebijakan tersebut ditargetkan bisa mengurangi laju [[impor]], mendorong [[ekspor]], memperkuat [[struktur industri]], dan menahan keluarnya modal asing.{{citeweb|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru|title=Pemerintah Terbitkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru|accessdate=28 April 2014|publisher=www.tempo.co}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{citeweb|title=Pemerintah Siapkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Jilid 3|url=http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/2016310/pemerintah-siapkan-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-jilid-3|publisher=bisnis.liputan6.com|accessdate=28 April 2014}} Konsep dan instrumen yang akan digunakan dalam kebijakan ini telah rampung di mana paket baru ini adalah tindak lanjut atas kebijakan Agustus 2013, yang berfokus pada antisipasi [[gejolak ekonomi]] akibat penghentian stimulus [[Federal Reserve System|Bank Sentral Amerika Serikat]]. Paket kebijakan Oktober lebih mengarah pada reformasi struktural.\n\nKhusus untuk [[Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia]], paket kebijakannya berkisar di sektor [[fiskal]], seperti [[pajak]] dan [[cukai]]. Beberapa kebijakan yang mungkin diterbitkan pemerintah, yakni insentif untuk mendorong [[investasi]] industri serta aturan yang mampu menahan modal asing untuk tidak mudah keluar dari Indonesia. Ini dilakukan dengan cara mendorong investor asing melakukan re-investasi atas investasi langsung yang ditanamkan di Indonesia. Sedangkan untuk mendorong [[ekspor]], pemerintah akan mendorong [[diversifikasi]] dari sisi negara tujuan maupun jenis komoditas.\n\nPada Agustus 2013, pemerintah mengeluarkan paket [[kebijakan stabilisasi perekonomian]]. Strategi tersebut dibagi dalam empat paket, yakni perbaikan neraca transaksi berjalan, menjaga pertumbuhan ekonomi dan daya beli, menjaga [[inflasi]] dan percepatan investasi.\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n* [[Mubyarto]]\n* [[Kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia]]\n* [[Pancasila]]\n\n[[Kategori:Sejarah Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Teori ekonomi]]\n[[Kategori:Sistem perekonomian Dunia]]\n[[Kategori:Ekonomi Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Produk kebijakan]]","hash":"c915cb7b2b5578271b70fe7d74dc2ff959ec5d018609269adba234ffa70953fe","last_revision":"2023-01-19T16:20:26Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T16:20:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:41.204705","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بانتشاسيلا (اقتصاد)","en":"Pancasila economics"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.079902","text":"Ekonomi Pancasila adalah sebuah sistem perekonomian yang didasarkan pada lima sila dalam Pancasila. Istilah Ekonomi Pancasila baru muncul pada tahun 1967 dalam suatu artikel Dr. Emil Salim. Ketika itu belum begitu jelas apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah itu. Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun 1979, Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\". Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan. Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti aturan pasar, sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami intervensi negara dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat. Secara sederhana, Ekonomi Pancasila dapat disebut sebagai sebuah sistem ekonomi pasar dengan pengendalian pemerintah atau \"ekonomi pasar terkendali\". Mungkin ada istilah-istilah lain yang mendekati pengertian \"Ekonomi Pancasila\", yaitu sistem ekonomi campuran, maksudnya campuran antara sistem kapitalisme dan sosialisme atau sistem ekonomi jalan ketiga.\n\nKedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia. Sistem ekonomi yang berlaku di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis. Namun persepsi umum menilai bahwa sistem ekonomi Amerika Serikat adalah sebuah model ekonomi kapitalis yang paling representatif, sedangkan sistem ekonomi di Uni Soviet (dulu sampai 1991) atau Republik Rakyat Tiongkok adalah model ekonomi sosialis yang paling baku. Model ekonomi yang mendekati model ekonomi campuran adalah sistem ekonomi Inggris atau negara-negara Eropa Barat yang lazim disebut juga sebagai negara kesejahteraan welfare state.\n\nSecara historis, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila bukanlah hal yang baru, baik dilihat dari segi filosofis, konsepsi, maupun implementasi. Bahkan sistem Ekonomi Pancasila telah dipraktikkan secara nyata dalam kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi sejak Indonesia merdeka.\n\nEkonomi Pancasila merupakan hal pokok dari sistem ekonomi Indonesia yang telah diamanatkan dalam Konstitusi UUD 1945. Suatu sistem ekonomi yang digali dan dibangun dari nilai-nilai yang dianut dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Beberapa prinsip dasar yang ada tersebut antara lain berkaitan dengan prinsip kemanusiaan, nasionalisme ekonomi, demokrasi ekonomi yang diwujudkan dalam ekonomi kerakyatan, dan keadilan.\n\nSebagaimana teori ekonomi neo-klasik yang dibangun atas dasar paham liberal dengan mengedepankan nilai individualisme dan kebebasan pasar (Mubyarto, 2002: 68), Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang bisa berasal dari nilai-nilai agama, kebudayaan, adat-istiadat, atau norma-norma, yang membentuk perilaku ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.\n\nEkonomi Pancasila sebenarnya adalah teori dan sistem ekonomi yang bertujuan menggantikan perekonomian kolonial menjadi nasional. Karena itu, untuk membumikan ekonomi Pancasila diperlukan pemahaman hakikat perekonomian kolonial dalam wacana ontologis.\n\nTerdapat lima ciri pokok pada konsep Ekonomi Pancasila, yakni: Dikembangkannya koperasi; adanya komitmen pemerataan; lahirnya kebijakan ekonomi yang nasionalis; perencanaan yang terpusat; dan pelaksanaannya secara desentralisasi. Tampak bahwa sistem Ekonomi Pancasila memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan sistem ekonomi liberal. Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila berorientasi pada rakyat kebanyakan, sedangkan sistem ekonomi liberal hanya menguntungkan individu-individu tanpa memerhatikan manusia lain sering juga disebut dengan relative gain. Namun juga, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi sosialis yang tidak mengakui adanya kepemilikan individu. Inilah keunggulan dari sistem Ekonomi Pancasila.\n\nPemerintah telah menerbitkan paket kebijakan ekonomi tambahan pada Oktober 2013. Kebijakan tersebut ditargetkan bisa mengurangi laju impor, mendorong ekspor, memperkuat struktur industri, dan menahan keluarnya modal asing. Konsep dan instrumen yang akan digunakan dalam kebijakan ini telah rampung di mana paket baru ini adalah tindak lanjut atas kebijakan Agustus 2013, yang berfokus pada antisipasi gejolak ekonomi akibat penghentian stimulus Bank Sentral Amerika Serikat. Paket kebijakan Oktober lebih mengarah pada reformasi struktural.\n\nKhusus untuk Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, paket kebijakannya berkisar di sektor fiskal, seperti pajak dan cukai. Beberapa kebijakan yang mungkin diterbitkan pemerintah, yakni insentif untuk mendorong investasi industri serta aturan yang mampu menahan modal asing untuk tidak mudah keluar dari Indonesia. Ini dilakukan dengan cara mendorong investor asing melakukan re-investasi atas investasi langsung yang ditanamkan di Indonesia. Sedangkan untuk mendorong ekspor, pemerintah akan mendorong diversifikasi dari sisi negara tujuan maupun jenis komoditas.\n\nPada Agustus 2013, pemerintah mengeluarkan paket kebijakan stabilisasi perekonomian. Strategi tersebut dibagi dalam empat paket, yakni perbaikan neraca transaksi berjalan, menjaga pertumbuhan ekonomi dan daya beli, menjaga inflasi dan percepatan investasi.\n\nMubyarto Kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia Pancasila\n\nKategori:Sejarah Indonesia Kategori:Teori ekonomi Kategori:Sistem perekonomian Dunia Kategori:Ekonomi Indonesia Kategori:Produk kebijakan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila adalah sebuah sistem perekonomian yang didasarkan pada lima sila dalam Pancasila.","translated_text":"The Pancasila economy is an economic system based on the five syllables in Pancasila.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Macam dan Pengertian Sistem Ekonomi|url=http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html|publisher=ekonomi.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215211742/http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html|archive-date=2014-12-15|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 3014}}","char_index":99,"name":"pertama","url":"http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.805239-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=Macam dan Pengertian Sistem Ekonomi|url=http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html|publisher=ekonomi.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215211742/http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html|archive-date=2014-12-15|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 3014}}","char_index":99,"name":"pertama","url":"http://www.ekonoomi.com/2013/10/macam-dan-pengertian-sistem-ekonomi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.805239-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah Ekonomi Pancasila baru muncul pada tahun 1967 dalam suatu artikel Dr. Emil Salim.","translated_text":"The term Pancasila Economy first appeared in 1967 in an article by Dr. Emil Salim.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":89,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ketika itu belum begitu jelas apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah itu.","translated_text":"At the time it was not so clear what the term meant.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":67,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun 1979, Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\".","translated_text":"The term became clearer when in 1979, Emil Salim re-examined what he meant by \"Pancasila Economy\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":125,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan.","translated_text":"In essence, Pancasila Economics is a concept of economic wisdom, after experiencing clockwise movement from left to right, to reaching a point of equilibrium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":180,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti aturan pasar, sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami intervensi negara dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat.","translated_text":"To the right means to be free to follow market rules, while to the left means to experience state intervention in the form of centralized planning.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":135,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara sederhana, Ekonomi Pancasila dapat disebut sebagai sebuah sistem ekonomi pasar dengan pengendalian pemerintah atau \"ekonomi pasar terkendali\".","translated_text":"Simply put, the Pancasila Economy can be referred to as a market economy system with government control or \"controlled market economy\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":149,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mungkin ada istilah-istilah lain yang mendekati pengertian \"Ekonomi Pancasila\", yaitu sistem ekonomi campuran, maksudnya campuran antara sistem kapitalisme dan sosialisme atau sistem ekonomi jalan ketiga.","translated_text":"There may be other terms that come close to the meaning of \"Pancasila Economy\", which is a mixed economic system, meaning a mixture between a system of capitalism and socialism or a third-way economic system.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":204,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia.","translated_text":"Both terms have many variations in the world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":56,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem ekonomi yang berlaku di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis.","translated_text":"The economic systems that prevail in North America and Western Europe, for example, can be called mixed economic systems, because they are not originally capitalist, but neither are they socialist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 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Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang bisa berasal dari nilai-nilai agama, kebudayaan, adat-istiadat, atau norma-norma, yang membentuk perilaku ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.","translated_text":"Just as neo-classical economic theory was built on the basis of liberal understanding by emphasizing the values of individualism and market freedom (Mubyarto, 2002: 68), the Pancasila Economic System was also built on the basis of the values that live in Indonesian society, which can be derived from religious values, cultures, customs, or norms, which shape Indonesian society's economic behavior.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi 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Istilah Ekonomi Pancasila baru muncul pada tahun 1967 dalam suatu artikel Dr. Emil Salim.","translated_text":"The Pancasila economy is an economic system based on the five syllables in Pancasila. The term Pancasila Economy first appeared in 1967 in an article by Dr. Emil Salim.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":189,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila adalah sebuah sistem perekonomian yang didasarkan pada lima sila dalam Pancasila. Istilah Ekonomi Pancasila baru muncul pada tahun 1967 dalam suatu artikel Dr. Emil Salim. Ketika itu belum begitu jelas apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah itu.","translated_text":"The Pancasila economy is an economic system based on the five syllables in Pancasila. The term Pancasila Economy first appeared in 1967 in an article by Dr. Emil Salim. At the time it was not so clear what the term meant.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":257,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Istilah Ekonomi Pancasila baru muncul pada tahun 1967 dalam suatu artikel Dr. Emil Salim. Ketika itu belum begitu jelas apa yang dimaksud dengan istilah itu. Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun 1979, Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\".","translated_text":"The term Pancasila Economy first appeared in 1967 in an article by Dr. Emil Salim. At the time it was not so clear what the term meant. 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Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun 1979, Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\". Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan.","translated_text":"At the time it was not so clear what the term meant. The term became clearer when in 1979, Emil Salim re-examined what he meant by \"Pancasila Economy\". In essence, Pancasila Economics is a concept of economic wisdom, after experiencing clockwise movement from left to right, to reaching a point of equilibrium.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":374,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Istilah itu menjadi lebih jelas ketika pada tahun 1979, Emil Salim membahas kembali yang dimaksud dengan \"Ekonomi Pancasila\". Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan. Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti aturan pasar, sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami intervensi negara dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat.","translated_text":"The term became clearer when in 1979, Emil Salim re-examined what he meant by \"Pancasila Economy\". In essence, Pancasila Economics is a concept of economic wisdom, after experiencing clockwise movement from left to right, to reaching a point of equilibrium. To the right means to be free to follow market rules, while to the left means to experience state intervention in the form of centralized planning.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":442,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Pada esensinya, Ekonomi Pancasila adalah suatu konsep kebijaksanaan ekonomi, setelah mengalami pergerakan seperti bandul jam dari kiri ke kanan, hingga mencapai titik keseimbangan. Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti aturan pasar, sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami intervensi negara dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat. Secara sederhana, Ekonomi Pancasila dapat disebut sebagai sebuah sistem ekonomi pasar dengan pengendalian pemerintah atau \"ekonomi pasar terkendali\".","translated_text":"In essence, Pancasila Economics is a concept of economic wisdom, after experiencing clockwise movement from left to right, to reaching a point of equilibrium. To the right means to be free to follow market rules, while to the left means to experience state intervention in the form of centralized planning. Simply put, the Pancasila Economy can be referred to as a market economy system with government control or \"controlled market economy\".","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":466,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Ke kanan artinya bebas mengikuti aturan pasar, sedangkan ke kiri artinya mengalami intervensi negara dalam bentuk perencanaan terpusat. Secara sederhana, Ekonomi Pancasila dapat disebut sebagai sebuah sistem ekonomi pasar dengan pengendalian pemerintah atau \"ekonomi pasar terkendali\". Mungkin ada istilah-istilah lain yang mendekati pengertian \"Ekonomi Pancasila\", yaitu sistem ekonomi campuran, maksudnya campuran antara sistem kapitalisme dan sosialisme atau sistem ekonomi jalan ketiga.","translated_text":"To the right means to be free to follow market rules, while to the left means to experience state intervention in the form of centralized planning. Simply put, the Pancasila Economy can be referred to as a market economy system with government control or \"controlled market economy\". There may be other terms that come close to the meaning of \"Pancasila Economy\", which is a mixed economic system, meaning a mixture between a system of capitalism and socialism or a third-way economic system.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":490,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Kedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia.","translated_text":"Both terms have many variations in the world.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":56,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Kedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia. Sistem ekonomi yang berlaku di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis.","translated_text":"Both terms have many variations in the world. The economic systems that prevail in North America and Western Europe, for example, can be called mixed economic systems, because they are not originally capitalist, but neither are they socialist.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":238,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Kedua istilah tersebut memiliki banyak variasi di dunia. Sistem ekonomi yang berlaku di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis. Namun persepsi umum menilai bahwa sistem ekonomi Amerika Serikat adalah sebuah model ekonomi kapitalis yang paling representatif, sedangkan sistem ekonomi di Uni Soviet (dulu sampai 1991) atau Republik Rakyat Tiongkok adalah model ekonomi sosialis yang paling baku.","translated_text":"Both terms have many variations in the world. The economic systems that prevail in North America and Western Europe, for example, can be called mixed economic systems, because they are not originally capitalist, but neither are they socialist. However, the general perception is that the United States economic system is the most representative capitalist economic model, while the economic system in the Soviet Union (formerly until 1991) or the People's Republic of China is the most dominant socialist economic model.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":504,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Sistem ekonomi yang berlaku di Amerika Utara dan Eropa Barat umpamanya, dapat disebut sebagai sistem ekonomi campuran, karena sudah tidak asli kapitalis, tetapi bukan pula sosialis. Namun persepsi umum menilai bahwa sistem ekonomi Amerika Serikat adalah sebuah model ekonomi kapitalis yang paling representatif, sedangkan sistem ekonomi di Uni Soviet (dulu sampai 1991) atau Republik Rakyat Tiongkok adalah model ekonomi sosialis yang paling baku. Model ekonomi yang mendekati model ekonomi campuran adalah sistem ekonomi Inggris atau negara-negara Eropa Barat yang lazim disebut juga sebagai negara kesejahteraan welfare state.","translated_text":"The economic systems that prevail in North America and Western Europe, for example, can be called mixed economic systems, because they are not originally capitalist, but neither are they socialist. However, the general perception is that the United States economic system is the most representative capitalist economic model, while the economic system in the Soviet Union (formerly until 1991) or the People's Republic of China is the most dominant socialist economic model. The economic model that approaches the mixed economic model is the British or Western European economic system commonly referred to as the welfare state.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|author=Prof. Dr. Dawam Rahardjo|title=EKONOMI PANCASILA DALAM TINJAUAN FILSAFAT ILMU|url=http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm|publisher=ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":628,"name":"kedua","url":"http://www.ekonomikerakyatan.ugm.ac.id/My%20Web/sembul12_2.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203568,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:14.855921-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.82958984375}]},{"text":"Secara historis, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila bukanlah hal yang baru, baik dilihat dari segi filosofis, konsepsi, maupun implementasi.","translated_text":"Historically, Pancasila's economic system was not new, either philosophically, conceptually, or implementatively.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":130,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":130,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara historis, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila bukanlah hal yang baru, baik dilihat dari segi filosofis, konsepsi, maupun implementasi. Bahkan sistem Ekonomi Pancasila telah dipraktikkan secara nyata dalam kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi sejak Indonesia merdeka.","translated_text":"Historically, Pancasila's economic system was not new, either philosophically, conceptually, or implementatively. In fact, the Pancasila Economic system has been practiced effectively in economic development policy since Indonesia's independence.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":255,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila merupakan hal pokok dari sistem ekonomi Indonesia yang telah diamanatkan dalam Konstitusi UUD 1945.","translated_text":"Pancasila's economy is a staple of Indonesia's economic system as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":117,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila merupakan hal pokok dari sistem ekonomi Indonesia yang telah diamanatkan dalam Konstitusi UUD 1945. Suatu sistem ekonomi yang digali dan dibangun dari nilai-nilai yang dianut dalam masyarakat Indonesia.","translated_text":"Pancasila's economy is a staple of Indonesia's economic system as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. An economic system that was dug up and built on the values held in Indonesian society.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":220,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila merupakan hal pokok dari sistem ekonomi Indonesia yang telah diamanatkan dalam Konstitusi UUD 1945. Suatu sistem ekonomi yang digali dan dibangun dari nilai-nilai yang dianut dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Beberapa prinsip dasar yang ada tersebut antara lain berkaitan dengan prinsip kemanusiaan, nasionalisme ekonomi, demokrasi ekonomi yang diwujudkan dalam ekonomi kerakyatan, dan keadilan.","translated_text":"Pancasila's economy is a staple of Indonesia's economic system as enshrined in the 1945 Constitution. An economic system that was dug up and built on the values held in Indonesian society. Some of these foundational principles relate, among other things, to the principles of humanity, economic nationalism, economic democracy embodied in civic economics, and justice.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":407,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagaimana teori ekonomi neo-klasik yang dibangun atas dasar paham liberal dengan mengedepankan nilai individualisme dan kebebasan pasar (Mubyarto, 2002: 68), Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga dibangun atas dasar nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam masyarakat Indonesia, yang bisa berasal dari nilai-nilai agama, kebudayaan, adat-istiadat, atau norma-norma, yang membentuk perilaku ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia.","translated_text":"Just as neo-classical economic theory was built on the basis of liberal understanding by emphasizing the values of individualism and market freedom (Mubyarto, 2002: 68), the Pancasila Economic System was also built on the basis of the values that live in Indonesian society, which can be derived from religious values, cultures, customs, or norms, which shape Indonesian society's economic behavior.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":401,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila sebenarnya adalah teori dan sistem ekonomi yang bertujuan menggantikan perekonomian kolonial menjadi nasional.","translated_text":"Pancasila's economy is actually an economic theory and system that aims to replace the colonial economy with a national one.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":128,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ekonomi Pancasila sebenarnya adalah teori dan sistem ekonomi yang bertujuan menggantikan perekonomian kolonial menjadi nasional. Karena itu, untuk membumikan ekonomi Pancasila diperlukan pemahaman hakikat perekonomian kolonial dalam wacana ontologis.","translated_text":"Pancasila's economy is actually an economic theory and system that aims to replace the colonial economy with a national one. Therefore, to fertilize Pancasila's economy required an understanding of the essence of colonial economics in ontological discourse.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Membumikan Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila|url=http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|publisher=pelitaonline.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523003809/http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila|archive-date=2014-05-23|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":250,"name":"keempat","url":"http://pelitaonline.com/opinions/membumikan-sistem-ekonomi-pancasila","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1137,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.500192-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terdapat lima ciri pokok pada konsep Ekonomi Pancasila, yakni: Dikembangkannya koperasi; adanya komitmen pemerataan; lahirnya kebijakan ekonomi yang nasionalis; perencanaan yang terpusat; dan pelaksanaannya secara desentralisasi.","translated_text":"There are five main characteristics of the concept of Pancasila Economy, namely: Cooperative development; a commitment to equality; the birth of a nationalist economic policy; centralized planning; and decentralized implementation.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":229,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":229,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terdapat lima ciri pokok pada konsep Ekonomi Pancasila, yakni: Dikembangkannya koperasi; adanya komitmen pemerataan; lahirnya kebijakan ekonomi yang nasionalis; perencanaan yang terpusat; dan pelaksanaannya secara desentralisasi. Tampak bahwa sistem Ekonomi Pancasila memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan sistem ekonomi liberal.","translated_text":"There are five main characteristics of the concept of Pancasila Economy, namely: Cooperative development; a commitment to equality; the birth of a nationalist economic policy; centralized planning; and decentralized implementation. It seems that Pancasila's economic system differs markedly from the liberal economic system.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":326,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terdapat lima ciri pokok pada konsep Ekonomi Pancasila, yakni: Dikembangkannya koperasi; adanya komitmen pemerataan; lahirnya kebijakan ekonomi yang nasionalis; perencanaan yang terpusat; dan pelaksanaannya secara desentralisasi. Tampak bahwa sistem Ekonomi Pancasila memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan sistem ekonomi liberal. Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila berorientasi pada rakyat kebanyakan, sedangkan sistem ekonomi liberal hanya menguntungkan individu-individu tanpa memerhatikan manusia lain sering juga disebut dengan relative gain.","translated_text":"There are five main characteristics of the concept of Pancasila Economy, namely: Cooperative development; a commitment to equality; the birth of a nationalist economic policy; centralized planning; and decentralized implementation. It seems that Pancasila's economic system differs markedly from the liberal economic system. The Pancasila economic system is mostly people-oriented, while the liberal economic system only benefits individuals without paying attention to other humans is also often referred to as relative gain.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|last=JPNN.com|first=Fri|date=13 Juni 2021|title=Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila Menjawab Tantangan Ekonomi Global|url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/sistem-ekonomi-pancasila-menjawab-tantangan-ekonomi-global|work=JPNN.com}}","char_index":388,"name":null,"url":"https://www.jpnn.com/news/sistem-ekonomi-pancasila-menjawab-tantangan-ekonomi-global","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":74822,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:24.400972-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90380859375},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":533,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Pancasila needs to be implemented to economic system|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82614/pancasila-needs-to-be-implemented-to-economic-system|publisher=antaranews.com|accessdate=29 April 2014}}","char_index":533,"name":"kesembilan","url":"http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82614/pancasila-needs-to-be-implemented-to-economic-system","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":86699,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:25.669031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.87646484375}]},{"text":"Tampak bahwa sistem Ekonomi Pancasila memiliki perbedaan mencolok dengan sistem ekonomi liberal. Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila berorientasi pada rakyat kebanyakan, sedangkan sistem ekonomi liberal hanya menguntungkan individu-individu tanpa memerhatikan manusia lain sering juga disebut dengan relative gain. Namun juga, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi sosialis yang tidak mengakui adanya kepemilikan individu.","translated_text":"It seems that Pancasila's economic system differs markedly from the liberal economic system. The Pancasila economic system is mostly people-oriented, while the liberal economic system only benefits individuals without paying attention to other humans is also often referred to as relative gain. However, Pancasila's economic system also differs from the socialist economic system which does not recognize the existence of individual ownership.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":433,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Pancasila needs to be implemented to economic system|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82614/pancasila-needs-to-be-implemented-to-economic-system|publisher=antaranews.com|accessdate=29 April 2014}}","char_index":433,"name":"kesembilan","url":"http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/82614/pancasila-needs-to-be-implemented-to-economic-system","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":86699,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:25.669031-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.87646484375}]},{"text":"Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila berorientasi pada rakyat kebanyakan, sedangkan sistem ekonomi liberal hanya menguntungkan individu-individu tanpa memerhatikan manusia lain sering juga disebut dengan relative gain. Namun juga, sistem Ekonomi Pancasila juga berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi sosialis yang tidak mengakui adanya kepemilikan individu. Inilah keunggulan dari sistem Ekonomi Pancasila.","translated_text":"The Pancasila economic system is mostly people-oriented, while the liberal economic system only benefits individuals without paying attention to other humans is also often referred to as relative gain. However, Pancasila's economic system also differs from the socialist economic system which does not recognize the existence of individual ownership. This is the advantage of Pancasila's economic system.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Prof Mubyarto dan Ekonomi Pancasil|url=http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|publisher=poskotanews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427235923/http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/|archive-date=2014-04-27|dead-url=yes|accessdate=27 April 2014}}","char_index":385,"name":"ketiga","url":"http://poskotanews.com/2013/09/02/prof-mubyarto-dan-ekonomi-pancasila/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":92333,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:22.737535-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (30 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pemerintah telah menerbitkan paket kebijakan ekonomi tambahan pada Oktober 2013. Kebijakan tersebut ditargetkan bisa mengurangi laju impor, mendorong ekspor, memperkuat struktur industri, dan menahan keluarnya modal asing.","translated_text":"The government has published an additional economic policy package in October 2013. These policies are aimed at reducing the rate of imports, boosting exports, strengthening industrial structures, and curbing the outflow of foreign capital.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru|title=Pemerintah Terbitkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru|accessdate=28 April 2014|publisher=www.tempo.co}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":222,"name":"ketujuh","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:27.603873-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Pemerintah Siapkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Jilid 3|url=http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/2016310/pemerintah-siapkan-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-jilid-3|publisher=bisnis.liputan6.com|accessdate=28 April 2014}}","char_index":222,"name":"kedelapan","url":"http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/2016310/pemerintah-siapkan-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-jilid-3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":294281,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:28.965438-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77490234375}]},{"text":"Pemerintah telah menerbitkan paket kebijakan ekonomi tambahan pada Oktober 2013. Kebijakan tersebut ditargetkan bisa mengurangi laju impor, mendorong ekspor, memperkuat struktur industri, dan menahan keluarnya modal asing. Konsep dan instrumen yang akan digunakan dalam kebijakan ini telah rampung di mana paket baru ini adalah tindak lanjut atas kebijakan Agustus 2013, yang berfokus pada antisipasi gejolak ekonomi akibat penghentian stimulus Bank Sentral Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"The government has published an additional economic policy package in October 2013. These policies are aimed at reducing the rate of imports, boosting exports, strengthening industrial structures, and curbing the outflow of foreign capital. The concepts and instruments to be used in this policy have been finalized where this new package is a follow-up to the August 2013 policy, which focused on the anticipation of economic turmoil due to the cessation of stimulus by the Central Bank of the United States.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru|title=Pemerintah Terbitkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru|accessdate=28 April 2014|publisher=www.tempo.co}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":474,"name":"ketujuh","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:27.603873-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375},{"content":"{{citeweb|title=Pemerintah Siapkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Jilid 3|url=http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/2016310/pemerintah-siapkan-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-jilid-3|publisher=bisnis.liputan6.com|accessdate=28 April 2014}}","char_index":474,"name":"kedelapan","url":"http://bisnis.liputan6.com/read/2016310/pemerintah-siapkan-paket-kebijakan-ekonomi-jilid-3","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":294281,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:28.965438-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77490234375}]},{"text":"Kebijakan tersebut ditargetkan bisa mengurangi laju impor, mendorong ekspor, memperkuat struktur industri, dan menahan keluarnya modal asing. Konsep dan instrumen yang akan digunakan dalam kebijakan ini telah rampung di mana paket baru ini adalah tindak lanjut atas kebijakan Agustus 2013, yang berfokus pada antisipasi gejolak ekonomi akibat penghentian stimulus Bank Sentral Amerika Serikat. Paket kebijakan Oktober lebih mengarah pada reformasi struktural.","translated_text":"These policies are aimed at reducing the rate of imports, boosting exports, strengthening industrial structures, and curbing the outflow of foreign capital. The concepts and instruments to be used in this policy have been finalized where this new package is a follow-up to the August 2013 policy, which focused on the anticipation of economic turmoil due to the cessation of stimulus by the Central Bank of the United States. The October policy package is more towards structural reform.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru|title=Pemerintah Terbitkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru|accessdate=28 April 2014|publisher=www.tempo.co}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":459,"name":"ketujuh","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:27.603873-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375}]},{"text":"Khusus untuk Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, paket kebijakannya berkisar di sektor fiskal, seperti pajak dan cukai.","translated_text":"Especially for the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, its policy package spans the fiscal sector, such as taxes and levies.","citations":[{"content":"{{citeweb|url=http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru|title=Pemerintah Terbitkan Paket Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru|accessdate=28 April 2014|publisher=www.tempo.co}}{{Pranala mati|date=Januari 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":124,"name":"ketujuh","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2013/09/30/087517875/Pemerintah-Terbitkan-Paket-Kebijakan-Ekonomi-Baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323402,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:27.603873-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375}]},{"text":"Khusus untuk Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, paket kebijakannya berkisar di sektor fiskal, seperti pajak dan cukai. Beberapa kebijakan yang mungkin diterbitkan pemerintah, yakni insentif untuk mendorong investasi industri serta aturan yang mampu menahan modal asing untuk tidak mudah keluar dari Indonesia.","translated_text":"Especially for the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, its policy package spans the fiscal sector, such as taxes and levies. 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Yonne]]","hash":"36c03b3b0b530363b56d0d02d07041eda3ac000667de2e3d05df3c06a90fe4ad","last_revision":"2014-04-27T16:48:06Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T16:48:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:44.608062","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Yonne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Yonne","translated_text":"A commune in the department of Yonne","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Pengangkut Artileri 1/Marinir","wikicode":"{{Infobox military unit\n| unit_name =Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = Lambang Korps Marinir\n| start_date = \n| country = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = Cilandak, [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n| garrison_label =Markas Komando\n| nickname =\n| patron =\n| motto = \n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = \"Kuda Putih\"\n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =\n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}\n'''Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir''' atau ('''Yonkav-3 Marinir/Kuda Putih''') merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]] dalam mendinamisasikan tugas, fungsi dan perannya sebagai kekuatan Pasukan Pendarat Amphibi maupun sebagai salah satu komponen bangsa. Selain itu dalam mengaplikasikan tugas, selaku inti kekuatan pasukan pendarat Amphibi, Batalyon Ranratfib-2 Marinir harus mampu membina dan menyediakan kekuatan unsur tempur Kavaleri Marinir dalam pelaksanaan operasi pendaratan amphibi, operasai gabungan, maupun tugas pertahanan lainnya dalam rangka operasi militer perang dan operasi militer selain perang.[https://www.tnial.mil.id/News/Seremonial/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17061/Default.aspx \"Yonkapa 1/Mar\"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n\n== Komandan ==\n* Letkol Marinir Akhiyar Meideri (2012)\n* Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2012-2013)\n* Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2013-2013)\n* Letkol Marinir Apolinaris AW. (2013)\n* Letkol Marinir Supriyadi (2013)\n* Letkol Marinir Novianto Danang Kurniawan, M.Tr.Hanla. (2017)\n* Letkol Marinir Syamsul Bahri, S.Tr.Han., M.Tr.Hanla. (2017-2018)\n* Letkol Marinir Dwi Hartono, M.Tr.Opsla. (2018-2019)\n* Letkol Marinir Victor Penpada, S.E. (2019-2020)\n* Letkol Marinir Wartono, M. Han. (2020)\n* Letkol Marinir Agus Setiyo Budi, M.Tr. Opsla. (2020-Sekarang)\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n{{Tni-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut]]\n[[Kategori:Korps Marinir]]\n[[Kategori:Marinir]]","hash":"55b642730d1bd4f3c2c9f23ec26203f0207982e4443d4f1b4183ebc2989d4402","last_revision":"2024-02-13T07:34:50Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T16:48:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:44.678797","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau (Yonkav-3 Marinir/Kuda Putih) merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir dalam mendinamisasikan tugas, fungsi dan perannya sebagai kekuatan Pasukan Pendarat Amphibi maupun sebagai salah satu komponen bangsa. Selain itu dalam mengaplikasikan tugas, selaku inti kekuatan pasukan pendarat Amphibi, Batalyon Ranratfib-2 Marinir harus mampu membina dan menyediakan kekuatan unsur tempur Kavaleri Marinir dalam pelaksanaan operasi pendaratan amphibi, operasai gabungan, maupun tugas pertahanan lainnya dalam rangka operasi militer perang dan operasi militer selain perang.\n\nLetkol Marinir Akhiyar Meideri (2012) Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2012-2013) Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2013-2013) Letkol Marinir Apolinaris AW. (2013) Letkol Marinir Supriyadi (2013) Letkol Marinir Novianto Danang Kurniawan, M.Tr.Hanla. (2017) Letkol Marinir Syamsul Bahri, S.Tr.Han., M.Tr.Hanla. (2017-2018) Letkol Marinir Dwi Hartono, M.Tr.Opsla. (2018-2019) Letkol Marinir Victor Penpada, S.E. (2019-2020) Letkol Marinir Wartono, M. Han. (2020) Letkol Marinir Agus Setiyo Budi, M.Tr. Opsla. (2020-Sekarang)\n\nKategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Kategori:Marinir\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox military unit\n| unit_name =Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = Lambang Korps Marinir\n| start_date = \n| country = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = Cilandak, [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n| garrison_label =Markas Komando\n| nickname =\n| patron =\n| motto = \n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = \"Kuda Putih\"\n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =\n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau (Yonkav-3 Marinir/Kuda Putih) merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir dalam mendinamisasikan tugas, fungsi dan perannya sebagai kekuatan Pasukan Pendarat Amphibi maupun sebagai salah satu komponen bangsa.","translated_text":"The 1st Marine Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion or (Yonkav-3 Marine/White Horse) is one of the core forces of the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in dynamicising its duties, functions and role as an Amphibious Landing Force force and as one of the nation's components.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu dalam mengaplikasikan tugas, selaku inti kekuatan pasukan pendarat Amphibi, Batalyon Ranratfib-2 Marinir harus mampu membina dan menyediakan kekuatan unsur tempur Kavaleri Marinir dalam pelaksanaan operasi pendaratan amphibi, operasai gabungan, maupun tugas pertahanan lainnya dalam rangka operasi militer perang dan operasi militer selain perang.","translated_text":"In addition, in applying the task, as the core strength of the Amphibious landing force, the Ranratfib-2 Marine Battalion must be able to foster and provide the strength of the combat elements of the Marine Cavalry in the conduct of amphibious landing operations, combined operations, as well as other defensive tasks in the context of military operations and military operations beyond the war.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[https://www.tnial.mil.id/News/Seremonial/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17061/Default.aspx \"Yonkapa 1/Mar\"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":358,"name":null,"url":"https://www.tnial.mil.id/News/Seremonial/tabid/79/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/17061/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:32.044351-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Komandan","translated_text":"The commander.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Letkol Marinir Akhiyar Meideri (2012) Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2012-2013) Letkol Marinir Fery Handoko (2013-2013) Letkol Marinir Apolinaris AW.","translated_text":"He is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2013) Letkol Marinir Supriyadi (2013) Letkol Marinir Novianto Danang Kurniawan, M.Tr.Hanla.","translated_text":"(2013) Lieutenant Colonel Supriyadi (2013) Lieutenant Colonel Novianto Danang Kurniawan, M.Tr.Hanla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2017) Letkol Marinir Syamsul Bahri, S.Tr.Han., M.Tr.Hanla.","translated_text":"(2017) Marine Lieutenant Syamsul Bahri, S.Tr.Han., M.Tr.Hanla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2017-2018) Letkol Marinir Dwi Hartono, M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"(2017-2018) Marine Lieutenant Dwi Hartono, M.Tr.Opsla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2018-2019) Letkol Marinir Victor Penpada, S.E. (2019-2020) Letkol Marinir Wartono, M. Han.","translated_text":"He is a retired Lieutenant Colonel of the United States Marine Corps.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2020) Letkol Marinir Agus Setiyo Budi, M.Tr.","translated_text":"(2020) Lieutenant Colonel Agus Setiyo Budi, M.Tr.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Opsla.","translated_text":"The Opsla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2020-Sekarang)","translated_text":"(2020-present)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Kategori:Marinir","translated_text":"Category:National Armed Forces of the Indonesian Navy Category:Marine Corps Category:Marine","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau (Yonkav-3 Marinir/Kuda Putih) merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir dalam mendinamisasikan tugas, fungsi dan perannya sebagai kekuatan Pasukan Pendarat Amphibi maupun sebagai salah satu komponen bangsa. Selain itu dalam mengaplikasikan tugas, selaku inti kekuatan pasukan pendarat Amphibi, Batalyon Ranratfib-2 Marinir harus mampu membina dan menyediakan kekuatan unsur tempur Kavaleri Marinir dalam pelaksanaan operasi pendaratan amphibi, operasai gabungan, maupun tugas pertahanan lainnya dalam rangka operasi militer perang dan operasi militer selain perang.","translated_text":"The 1st Marine Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion or (Yonkav-3 Marine/White Horse) is one of the core forces of the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in dynamicising its duties, functions and role as an Amphibious Landing Force force and as one of the nation's components. 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[[Kristen Ortodoks]] di Turkmenistan adalah bentuk utama kekristenan.\n\n== Gereja Ortodoks Russia ==\nGereja Ortodoks Rusia secara resmi diakui dan merupakan minoritas agama terbesar.{{Cite web |url=http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |title=The EFC - Religious Freedom Turkmenistan |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181503/http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |dead-url=yes }}[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm Turkmenistan] Gereja ini adalah di bawah yurisdiksi Uskup Agung Ortodoks Rusia di [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]].\n\n== Denominasi lainnya ==\nSekitar 50 umat Katolik tinggal di Turkmenistan.[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/sctm1.html Turkmenistan, Statistics by Diocese, by Catholic Population [Catholic-Hierarchy]] Ada juga etnis Jerman, yang mempraktikan [[Lutheran]]; sementara ada beberapa orang Kristen Injili di Turkmenistan.[http://www.betanien.de/verlag/newsletter/newsletter.php?id=12:: Betanien - Newsletter::]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Gereja Kristen Baptis Evangelis Turkmenistan, [[Gereja Advent Hari Ketujuh]] dari Turkmenistan, Pentakosta, Gereja Pantekosta Dashoguz, Gereja Besar Turkmenistan, International Church of Christ, dan Gereja Kerasulan Baru Turkmenistan yang dari semuanya denominasi Kristen tersebut terdaftar. Sejak tahun 2003 semua kelompok agama harus mendaftar dan aktivitas yang tidak terdaftar adalah ilegal.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Turkmenistan]]","hash":"7274d6c6a5dfb993217558ec270002992505dec7c0784414ca2341e711c83c52","last_revision":"2023-05-31T06:47:53Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T16:57:53Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:46.031645","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المسيحية في تركمانستان","de":"Christentum in Turkmenistan","en":"Christianity in Turkmenistan","fa":"مسیحیت در ترکمنستان","fr":"Christianisme au Turkménistan","it":"Cristianesimo in Turkmenistan","pl":"Chrześcijaństwo w Turkmenistanie","ru":"Христианство в Туркменистане"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.211703","text":"Kekristenan yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia, merupakan kurang dari 9% dari total populasi di Turkmenistan. Kristen Ortodoks di Turkmenistan adalah bentuk utama kekristenan.\n\nGereja Ortodoks Rusia secara resmi diakui dan merupakan minoritas agama terbesar. Gereja ini adalah di bawah yurisdiksi Uskup Agung Ortodoks Rusia di Tashkent, Uzbekistan.\n\nSekitar 50 umat Katolik tinggal di Turkmenistan. Ada juga etnis Jerman, yang mempraktikan Lutheran; sementara ada beberapa orang Kristen Injili di Turkmenistan. Gereja Kristen Baptis Evangelis Turkmenistan, Gereja Advent Hari Ketujuh dari Turkmenistan, Pentakosta, Gereja Pantekosta Dashoguz, Gereja Besar Turkmenistan, International Church of Christ, dan Gereja Kerasulan Baru Turkmenistan yang dari semuanya denominasi Kristen tersebut terdaftar. Sejak tahun 2003 semua kelompok agama harus mendaftar dan aktivitas yang tidak terdaftar adalah ilegal.\n\nTurkmenistan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia, merupakan kurang dari 9% dari total populasi di Turkmenistan.","translated_text":"Christianity is predominantly ethnic Russian, accounting for less than 9% of the total population in Turkmenistan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kristen Ortodoks di Turkmenistan adalah bentuk utama kekristenan.","translated_text":"Orthodox Christianity in Turkmenistan is the main form of Christianity.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gereja Ortodoks Russia","translated_text":"Russian Orthodox Church","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Ortodoks Rusia secara resmi diakui dan merupakan minoritas agama terbesar.","translated_text":"The Russian Orthodox Church is officially recognized and is the largest religious minority.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |title=The EFC - Religious Freedom Turkmenistan |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181503/http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":81,"name":null,"url":"http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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sementara ada beberapa orang Kristen Injili di Turkmenistan.","translated_text":"There are also ethnic Germans, who practice Lutheranism; while there are some evangelical Christians in Turkmenistan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm Turkmenistan]","char_index":50,"name":"autogenerated3","url":"http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":188871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:42.356006-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (38 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.betanien.de/verlag/newsletter/newsletter.php?id=12:: Betanien - Newsletter::]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":111,"name":"autogenerated1","url":"http://www.betanien.de/verlag/newsletter/newsletter.php?id=12::","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:43.084282-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja Kristen Baptis Evangelis Turkmenistan, Gereja Advent Hari Ketujuh dari Turkmenistan, Pentakosta, Gereja Pantekosta Dashoguz, Gereja Besar Turkmenistan, International Church of Christ, dan Gereja Kerasulan Baru Turkmenistan yang dari semuanya denominasi Kristen tersebut terdaftar.","translated_text":"The Evangelical Baptist Christian Church of Turkmenistan, the Seventh-day Adventist Church of Turkmenistan, Pentecost, the Dashoguz Pentecostal Church, the Greater Church of Turkmenistan, the International Church of Christ, and the Church of the New Apostles of Turkmenistan are all listed Christian denominations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm Turkmenistan]","char_index":287,"name":"autogenerated3","url":"http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":188871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:42.356006-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (38 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak tahun 2003 semua kelompok agama harus mendaftar dan aktivitas yang tidak terdaftar adalah ilegal.","translated_text":"Since 2003 all religious groups have had to register and unregistered activities are illegal.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm Turkmenistan]","char_index":103,"name":"autogenerated3","url":"http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90236.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":188871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:42.356006-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (38 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.betanien.de/verlag/newsletter/newsletter.php?id=12:: Betanien - Newsletter::]{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":103,"name":"autogenerated1","url":"http://www.betanien.de/verlag/newsletter/newsletter.php?id=12::","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:43.084282-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Turkmenistan","translated_text":"Turkmenistan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gereja Ortodoks Rusia secara resmi diakui dan merupakan minoritas agama terbesar.","translated_text":"The Russian Orthodox Church is officially recognized and is the largest religious minority.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |title=The EFC - Religious Freedom Turkmenistan |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706181503/http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":81,"name":null,"url":"http://www.evangelicalfellowship.ca/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=694&srcid=662","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Gereja ini adalah di bawah yurisdiksi Uskup Agung Ortodoks Rusia di Tashkent, Uzbekistan.","translated_text":"The Russian Orthodox Church is officially recognized and is the largest religious minority. 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menyerupai [[gong]] namun lebih kecil]]\n\n'''Kempul''' ({{lang-jv|ꦏꦼꦩ꧀ꦥꦸꦭ|kêmpul}}) merupakan salah satu perangkat gamelan yang ditabuh, biasanya digantung menjadi satu perangkat dengan Gong.Fungsi Alat Musik Kethuk dan Kempul[https://www.tabriiz.id/2017/11/fungsi-alat-musik-kethuk-dan-kempul.html] Kempul termasuk bagian dari kelompok instrumen keras dari [[gamelan]].Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Gamelan adalah alat musik tradisional Jawa yang terbuat dari [[timah]] dan [[tembaga]]. Gamelan memiliki 2 jenis instrumen yaitu instrumen keras dan instrumen lunak. Alat musik yang termasuk instrumen keras selain kempul adalah [[bonang barung]], [[bonang penerus]], [[kenong]], [[kethuk]], [[kempyang]], [[gong]], [[demung]], [[saron]], dan [[saron peking]]. Sedangkan instrumen lunak terdiri dari [[gender barung]], [[gender penerus]], [[rebab]], [[gambang]], [[siter]], [[slenthem]], [[seruling]], dan [[kendhang]].Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Kempul menandai aksen-aksen penting dalam kalimat lagu/gendhing. Dalam hubungannya dengan lagu/gendhing, kempul bisa memainkan nada yang sama dengan nada balungan; kadang-kadang kempul mendahului nada balungan berikutnya. Kempul menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi daripada Gong, sedangkan yang lebih kecil akan menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi lagi.12 Alat Musik Tradisional Jawa Tengah yang Sering Digunakan untuk Gamelan[https://review.bukalapak.com/hobbies/alat-musik-jawa-tengah-99307]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Gamelan]]\n[[Kategori:Gamelan Jawa]]","hash":"807383c4e13e68a0be70b83adc985291112228ac3c737dddcc8518c1f8940f5b","last_revision":"2023-03-28T17:51:54Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T17:35:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:51.267023","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Kempul","jv":"Kempul"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.268495","text":"Kempul () merupakan salah satu perangkat gamelan yang ditabuh, biasanya digantung menjadi satu perangkat dengan Gong. Kempul termasuk bagian dari kelompok instrumen keras dari gamelan. Gamelan adalah alat musik tradisional Jawa yang terbuat dari timah dan tembaga. Gamelan memiliki 2 jenis instrumen yaitu instrumen keras dan instrumen lunak. Alat musik yang termasuk instrumen keras selain kempul adalah bonang barung, bonang penerus, kenong, kethuk, kempyang, gong, demung, saron, dan saron peking. Sedangkan instrumen lunak terdiri dari gender barung, gender penerus, rebab, gambang, siter, slenthem, seruling, dan kendhang. Kempul menandai aksen-aksen penting dalam kalimat lagu/gendhing. Dalam hubungannya dengan lagu/gendhing, kempul bisa memainkan nada yang sama dengan nada balungan; kadang-kadang kempul mendahului nada balungan berikutnya. Kempul menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi daripada Gong, sedangkan yang lebih kecil akan menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi lagi.\n\nKategori:Gamelan Kategori:Gamelan Jawa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kempul () merupakan salah satu perangkat gamelan yang ditabuh, biasanya digantung menjadi satu perangkat dengan Gong.","translated_text":"Kempul () is one of the gamelan devices worn, usually hanging into one device with Gong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Fungsi Alat Musik Kethuk dan Kempul[https://www.tabriiz.id/2017/11/fungsi-alat-musik-kethuk-dan-kempul.html]","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://www.tabriiz.id/2017/11/fungsi-alat-musik-kethuk-dan-kempul.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141558,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:43.723738-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kempul termasuk bagian dari kelompok instrumen keras dari gamelan.","translated_text":"Kempul belongs to the group of hard instruments of the gamelan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama.","char_index":66,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gamelan adalah alat musik tradisional Jawa yang terbuat dari timah dan tembaga.","translated_text":"The gamelan is a traditional Javanese musical instrument made of tin and copper.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gamelan memiliki 2 jenis instrumen yaitu instrumen keras dan instrumen lunak.","translated_text":"Gamelan has two types of instruments: hard instruments and soft instruments.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alat musik yang termasuk instrumen keras selain kempul adalah bonang barung, bonang penerus, kenong, kethuk, kempyang, gong, demung, saron, dan saron peking.","translated_text":"In addition to the harpsichord, the stringed instruments include the bonang barung, the bonang penerus, the kenong, the ketuk, the kempyang, the gong, the demung, the saron, and the peking saron.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan instrumen lunak terdiri dari gender barung, gender penerus, rebab, gambang, siter, slenthem, seruling, dan kendhang.","translated_text":"The soft instrument consists of the barung, the successor, the rebab, the gambang, the sitar, the slenthem, the flute, and the drums.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama.","char_index":126,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kempul menandai aksen-aksen penting dalam kalimat lagu/gendhing.","translated_text":"The punctuation marks the important accents in a song sentence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam hubungannya dengan lagu/gendhing, kempul bisa memainkan nada yang sama dengan nada balungan; kadang-kadang kempul mendahului nada balungan berikutnya.","translated_text":"In relation to the song, the chorus can play the same tone as the ballad; sometimes the chorus precedes the next ballad.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kempul menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi daripada Gong, sedangkan yang lebih kecil akan menghasilkan suara yang lebih tinggi lagi.","translated_text":"A cluster produces a higher sound than Gong, while a smaller one will produce a higher sound.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"12 Alat Musik Tradisional Jawa Tengah yang Sering Digunakan untuk Gamelan[https://review.bukalapak.com/hobbies/alat-musik-jawa-tengah-99307]","char_index":133,"name":null,"url":"https://review.bukalapak.com/hobbies/alat-musik-jawa-tengah-99307]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276189,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:44.313297-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89697265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gamelan Kategori:Gamelan Jawa","translated_text":"Categories:Jewish language","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Kempul () merupakan salah satu perangkat gamelan yang ditabuh, biasanya digantung menjadi satu perangkat dengan Gong.","translated_text":"Kempul () is one of the gamelan devices worn, usually hanging into one device with Gong.","citations":[{"content":"Fungsi Alat Musik Kethuk dan Kempul[https://www.tabriiz.id/2017/11/fungsi-alat-musik-kethuk-dan-kempul.html]","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"https://www.tabriiz.id/2017/11/fungsi-alat-musik-kethuk-dan-kempul.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":141558,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:43.723738-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (28 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kempul () merupakan salah satu perangkat gamelan yang ditabuh, biasanya digantung menjadi satu perangkat dengan Gong. Kempul termasuk bagian dari kelompok instrumen keras dari gamelan.","translated_text":"Kempul () is one of the gamelan devices worn, usually hanging into one device with Gong. Kempul belongs to the group of hard instruments of the gamelan.","citations":[{"content":"Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Utama.","char_index":184,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gamelan memiliki 2 jenis instrumen yaitu instrumen keras dan instrumen lunak. Alat musik yang termasuk instrumen keras selain kempul adalah bonang barung, bonang penerus, kenong, kethuk, kempyang, gong, demung, saron, dan saron peking. Sedangkan instrumen lunak terdiri dari gender barung, gender penerus, rebab, gambang, siter, slenthem, seruling, dan kendhang.","translated_text":"Gamelan has two types of instruments: hard instruments and soft instruments. In addition to the harpsichord, the stringed instruments include the bonang barung, the bonang penerus, the kenong, the ketuk, the kempyang, the gong, the demung, the saron, and the peking saron. The soft instrument consists of the barung, the successor, the rebab, the gambang, the sitar, the slenthem, the flute, and the drums.","citations":[{"content":"Kridalaksana, Harimurti (2001) Wiwara pengantar bahasa dan kebudayaan Jawa. 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Yonne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Yonne","translated_text":"A commune in the department of Yonne","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir","wikicode":"'''Pendahuluan'''{{Infobox military unit\n| unit_name = Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = Lambang Korps Marinir\n| start_date = '''[[17 Oktober]] [[1961]]'''\n| country = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = Cilandak, [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n| garrison_label =Markas Komando\n| nickname = Yonkav-1 Mar\n| patron =\n| motto = \"Wahana Yudha Cakti\"\n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = Macan Hitam \n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =\n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n|equipment_label=Alutsista\n|equipment=PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}\n'''Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir''' atau '''Yontankfib 1/Mar''' merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti di jajaran [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]], [[Pasukan Marinir 1]]. Dalam melaksanakan tugas, fungsi dan perannya, baik sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi maupun salah satu komponen pembangunan bangsa. Sebagai bagian dari pasukan pendarat amfibi, Batalyon Tank Amfibi-1 Marinir mengemban misi pembinaan dan penggunaan kekuatannya dalam rangka sarana proyeksi kekuatan pasukan pendarat dari laut ke darat dalam operasi Amfibi.[http://www.antarajatim.com/lihat/berita/100995/komandan-batalyon-tank-amfibi-1-marinir-diganti \"Yontankfib 1/Mar\"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Yontankfib di perkuat dengan Alutsista PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.\n\nPada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi dilingkungan Korps Marinir, Resimen Kavaleri Marinir dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya dan Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta, Batalyon Tank Amfibi 2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir yang ada di Jakarta.\n\nPada tahun 2018, Berdasarkan Perkasal No.18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi Korps Marinir sehingga Yon Tankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah penyebutan menjadi Batalyon Tank Ampfibi 1 Marinir di Jakarta.\n\n== Sejarah terbentuknya Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir ==\nSejarah Batalyon Tank Amfibi Marinir'''\n\nAwal terbentuknya Satuan Kavaleri didalam Korps Komando TNI-  AL dimulai tahun 1950 saat adanya hibah beberapa kendaraan lapis baja  ke ALRIS. Menindaklanjuti adanya hibah kendaraan lapis baja tersebut  maka dibentuk Kesatuan Amfibi KKO - AL (Kesamko) pada tahun 1952  di Kesatrian KKO Semarung, Komandan Kesatrian Semarung dijabat  oleh Kapten KKO  Soejatno, Komandan Kompi dijabat oleh Letnan KKO R.N. Soedjimin. Material yang dimiliki pada waktu itu yaitu: 6 buah Sherman, 22   buah Amfibi Traktor, 25 buah Strom Boat, 6 buah  LCVT Besi, 50 buah Jhonson 25 PK. Pada tahun 1958 s/d 1959 Satuan Kavaleri mengalami pengembangan organisasi dengan penambahan personel 1  peleton ex rekrut ke VI serta penambahan material berupa : 16 buah  Amfibi Traktor Star Mayor, 8 buah Kendaraan Amfibi Roda ban, 16  buah LCVT Kayu.\n\nPada Tahun 1960 Kesatrian Ujung dipecah menjadi 2 yaitu Kesatrian Amfibi  Ujung dan  Kesatrian  PPAKO. Pada tahun 1961 pengembangan organisasi kembali adanya penambahan personil dan material yaitu :  Personel dari hasil Rekrut ke VIII sebanyak 60 orang dan material tempur  ex Uni Soviet yaitu : Tank PT-76, BTR 50 P, BTR 152, BRDM dan K-61. Dengan masuknya material tempur ex Uni Soviet, maka satuan Kavaleri   pada   tahun  1962   melaksanakan   pengembangan  organisasi dengan membentuk Batalyon – batalyon sekaligus sebagai persiapan operasi  Trikora. Sebagai  Komandan  Batalyon Tank  Amfibi KKO - AL adalah Mayor KKO J .W. Adnan.\n\nPada tahun 1962 berdirilah Pasinko di Karang Pilang dengan satuan dibawahnya antara lain Batalyon Tank Amfibi KKO - AL, Batalyon  Panser Amfibi KKO - AL dan Batalyon Sekrat KKO - AL penambahan  personel dari : Ex rekrut IX, ExWamil, Ex Sekasus dan ex Secakop.  Disamping terbentuknya organisasi Batalyon- batalyon Kavaleri yang  sudah ada, masih ada satuan-satuan Kavaleri KKO yang lain di antara :\n\nSatuan Tank Pusat Senjata Bantuan, Detasemen Panser Kowiltim,  Detasemen Panser Maritim IV, Detasemen Panser Kowilbar serta  Yontankfib Paskoarma atau Induk Batalyon Tank Amfibi. Pada tahun 1969, berdasarkan kebijaksanaan pimpinan KKO pada waktu itu diadakan penyesuaian organisasi dalam Korps Komando AL, nama Yon Tank Amfibi dirubah menjadi Satuan Tank Amfibi. Sementara itu pada  tahun 1973 dengan instruksi Nomor : IN / 23 / X / 1973 adanya  perubahan di dalam organisasi yaitu Satuan Tank Amfibi menjadi Satuan  Kavaleri Bermotor. Pada tahun 1979, terbentuklah Resimen - Resimen di  Korps Marinir dimana Batalyon Tank berada dibawah Resimen Bantuan  Tempur Korps Marinir.\n\nPada tahun 1990 Tank PT-76 Rusia di dimodifikasi dengan senjata  buatan Belgia, sistem mesinnya menggunakan sistem komputerisasi  buatan negara Kanada, sedangkan mesinnya buatan Amerika Serikat.  Pada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi di lingkup Korps Marinir, Menbanpur Mar dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Artileri-1  Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Artileri-2 Marinir di Jakarta, Resimen  Kavaleri-1 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri-2 Marinir di Jakarta. Yontankfib-1 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri-1 Marinir  sedangkan Yontankfib-2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen  Kavaleri-2 Marinir. Pada tahun 2002 jajaran Yontankfib Marinir  menerima tambahan Ranpur BTR 80 A sebanyak 12 unit.\n\nPada  tahun 2010  ditandai  dengan  adanya   penambahan   material kendaraan tempur dari Rusia yaitu pemesanan BMP-3F pada tahun 2008  dan tiba di Indonesia pada Tahun 2010 sebanyak 17 unit. Selanjutnya  pemesanan ulang BMP-3F pada Tahun 2013 dan tiba di Indonesia pada  Tahun 2014 sebanyak 37 unit. \n\nSelanjutnya pada tanggal 19 Juli 2011  Yontankfib 1 Mar di Surabaya yang berada di dalam Kesatrian Sutedi Senaputra  berpindah ke tempat yang baru dibekas Yon Provost 1 Mar yang  lokasinya di  paling luar  Kesatrian  Sutedi Senaputra. \n\nDan berdasarkan Perkasal No. 18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi  Korps Marinir dan penambahan Pasmar 3 di Sorong, Pasmar 1 menjadi Pasmar 2 kemudian Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah menjadi  Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Surabaya sehingga Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah  penyebutan menjadi Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Jakarta sehingga Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Jakarta.\n\n== Komandan ==\n* Letkol Mar Akhiyar Meideri Periode (2010-2012)\n* Letkol Mar Fery Handoko (2013-2014)\n* Mayor Mar Wisnu Syogo (2014-2016)\n* Letkol Mar Yanuar Kusnindyo (2016-2017)\n* Letkol Mar Dodi Khaerudin M.Sc (2017-2018)\n* Letkol Mar Bambang Herawan, S.E., M.Tr.Opsla. (2019-2020)\n* Letkol Mar Imam Ghazali, M.Tr.Opsla. (2020-2021)\n* Letkol Mar Wilibrordus, M.Tr.Opsla. (2021-2023)\n* Letkol Mar Awan Suryawan, M.Tr.Opsla. (2023-Sekarang)\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Tni-stub}}\n[[Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut]]\n[[Kategori:Korps Marinir]]\n[[Kategori:RESIMEN KAVALERI 1 MARINIR]]","hash":"4db8271abd547c56b285e4904e46184a14f468ebccd486362130c9c4429eb6dc","last_revision":"2024-02-13T07:27:12Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T17:57:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:55.205252","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Pendahuluan\n\nBatalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yontankfib 1/Mar merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1. Dalam melaksanakan tugas, fungsi dan perannya, baik sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi maupun salah satu komponen pembangunan bangsa. Sebagai bagian dari pasukan pendarat amfibi, Batalyon Tank Amfibi-1 Marinir mengemban misi pembinaan dan penggunaan kekuatannya dalam rangka sarana proyeksi kekuatan pasukan pendarat dari laut ke darat dalam operasi Amfibi. Yontankfib di perkuat dengan Alutsista PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.\n\nPada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi dilingkungan Korps Marinir, Resimen Kavaleri Marinir dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya dan Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta, Batalyon Tank Amfibi 2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir yang ada di Jakarta.\n\nPada tahun 2018, Berdasarkan Perkasal No.18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi Korps Marinir sehingga Yon Tankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah penyebutan menjadi Batalyon Tank Ampfibi 1 Marinir di Jakarta.\n\nSejarah Batalyon Tank Amfibi Marinir'''\n\nAwal terbentuknya Satuan Kavaleri didalam Korps Komando TNI- AL dimulai tahun 1950 saat adanya hibah beberapa kendaraan lapis baja ke ALRIS. Menindaklanjuti adanya hibah kendaraan lapis baja tersebut maka dibentuk Kesatuan Amfibi KKO - AL (Kesamko) pada tahun 1952 di Kesatrian KKO Semarung, Komandan Kesatrian Semarung dijabat oleh Kapten KKO Soejatno, Komandan Kompi dijabat oleh Letnan KKO R.N. Soedjimin. Material yang dimiliki pada waktu itu yaitu: 6 buah Sherman, 22 buah Amfibi Traktor, 25 buah Strom Boat, 6 buah LCVT Besi, 50 buah Jhonson 25 PK. Pada tahun 1958 s/d 1959 Satuan Kavaleri mengalami pengembangan organisasi dengan penambahan personel 1 peleton ex rekrut ke VI serta penambahan material berupa : 16 buah Amfibi Traktor Star Mayor, 8 buah Kendaraan Amfibi Roda ban, 16 buah LCVT Kayu.\n\nPada Tahun 1960 Kesatrian Ujung dipecah menjadi 2 yaitu Kesatrian Amfibi Ujung dan Kesatrian PPAKO. Pada tahun 1961 pengembangan organisasi kembali adanya penambahan personil dan material yaitu : Personel dari hasil Rekrut ke VIII sebanyak 60 orang dan material tempur ex Uni Soviet yaitu : Tank PT-76, BTR 50 P, BTR 152, BRDM dan K-61. Dengan masuknya material tempur ex Uni Soviet, maka satuan Kavaleri pada tahun 1962 melaksanakan pengembangan organisasi dengan membentuk Batalyon – batalyon sekaligus sebagai persiapan operasi Trikora. Sebagai Komandan Batalyon Tank Amfibi KKO - AL adalah Mayor KKO J .W. Adnan.\n\nPada tahun 1962 berdirilah Pasinko di Karang Pilang dengan satuan dibawahnya antara lain Batalyon Tank Amfibi KKO - AL, Batalyon Panser Amfibi KKO - AL dan Batalyon Sekrat KKO - AL penambahan personel dari : Ex rekrut IX, ExWamil, Ex Sekasus dan ex Secakop. Disamping terbentuknya organisasi Batalyon- batalyon Kavaleri yang sudah ada, masih ada satuan-satuan Kavaleri KKO yang lain di antara :\n\nSatuan Tank Pusat Senjata Bantuan, Detasemen Panser Kowiltim, Detasemen Panser Maritim IV, Detasemen Panser Kowilbar serta Yontankfib Paskoarma atau Induk Batalyon Tank Amfibi. Pada tahun 1969, berdasarkan kebijaksanaan pimpinan KKO pada waktu itu diadakan penyesuaian organisasi dalam Korps Komando AL, nama Yon Tank Amfibi dirubah menjadi Satuan Tank Amfibi. Sementara itu pada tahun 1973 dengan instruksi Nomor : IN / 23 / X / 1973 adanya perubahan di dalam organisasi yaitu Satuan Tank Amfibi menjadi Satuan Kavaleri Bermotor. Pada tahun 1979, terbentuklah Resimen - Resimen di Korps Marinir dimana Batalyon Tank berada dibawah Resimen Bantuan Tempur Korps Marinir.\n\nPada tahun 1990 Tank PT-76 Rusia di dimodifikasi dengan senjata buatan Belgia, sistem mesinnya menggunakan sistem komputerisasi buatan negara Kanada, sedangkan mesinnya buatan Amerika Serikat. Pada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi di lingkup Korps Marinir, Menbanpur Mar dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Artileri-1 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Artileri-2 Marinir di Jakarta, Resimen Kavaleri-1 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri-2 Marinir di Jakarta. Yontankfib-1 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri-1 Marinir sedangkan Yontankfib-2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri-2 Marinir. Pada tahun 2002 jajaran Yontankfib Marinir menerima tambahan Ranpur BTR 80 A sebanyak 12 unit.\n\nPada tahun 2010 ditandai dengan adanya penambahan material kendaraan tempur dari Rusia yaitu pemesanan BMP-3F pada tahun 2008 dan tiba di Indonesia pada Tahun 2010 sebanyak 17 unit. Selanjutnya pemesanan ulang BMP-3F pada Tahun 2013 dan tiba di Indonesia pada Tahun 2014 sebanyak 37 unit.\n\nSelanjutnya pada tanggal 19 Juli 2011 Yontankfib 1 Mar di Surabaya yang berada di dalam Kesatrian Sutedi Senaputra berpindah ke tempat yang baru dibekas Yon Provost 1 Mar yang lokasinya di paling luar Kesatrian Sutedi Senaputra.\n\nDan berdasarkan Perkasal No. 18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi Korps Marinir dan penambahan Pasmar 3 di Sorong, Pasmar 1 menjadi Pasmar 2 kemudian Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah menjadi Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Surabaya sehingga Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah penyebutan menjadi Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Jakarta sehingga Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Jakarta.\n\nLetkol Mar Akhiyar Meideri Periode (2010-2012) Letkol Mar Fery Handoko (2013-2014) Mayor Mar Wisnu Syogo (2014-2016) Letkol Mar Yanuar Kusnindyo (2016-2017) Letkol Mar Dodi Khaerudin M.Sc (2017-2018) Letkol Mar Bambang Herawan, S.E., M.Tr.Opsla. (2019-2020) Letkol Mar Imam Ghazali, M.Tr.Opsla. (2020-2021) Letkol Mar Wilibrordus, M.Tr.Opsla. (2021-2023) Letkol Mar Awan Suryawan, M.Tr.Opsla. (2023-Sekarang)\n\nKategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Kategori:RESIMEN KAVALERI 1 MARINIR\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pendahuluan","translated_text":"The Preamble","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox military unit\n| unit_name = Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = Lambang Korps Marinir\n| start_date = '''[[17 Oktober]] [[1961]]'''\n| country = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = Cilandak, [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n| garrison_label =Markas Komando\n| nickname = Yonkav-1 Mar\n| patron =\n| motto = \"Wahana Yudha Cakti\"\n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = Macan Hitam \n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =\n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n|equipment_label=Alutsista\n|equipment=PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yontankfib 1/Mar merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1. Dalam melaksanakan tugas, fungsi dan perannya, baik sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi maupun salah satu komponen pembangunan bangsa.","translated_text":"The Amphibious Tank Battalion 1/Marinir or Yontankfib 1/Mar is one of the core forces in the ranks of the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment, 1st Marine Corps. In carrying out its duties, functions and role, both as an amphibious landing force and as one of the components of nation-building.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai bagian dari pasukan pendarat amfibi, Batalyon Tank Amfibi-1 Marinir mengemban misi pembinaan dan penggunaan kekuatannya dalam rangka sarana proyeksi kekuatan pasukan pendarat dari laut ke darat dalam operasi Amfibi.","translated_text":"As part of the amphibious landing force, the Marine Amphibious Tank Battalion-1 carries out training missions and uses its strength in order to project landing force strength from sea to land in amphibious operations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.antarajatim.com/lihat/berita/100995/komandan-batalyon-tank-amfibi-1-marinir-diganti \"Yontankfib 1/Mar\"]{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}","char_index":223,"name":null,"url":"http://www.antarajatim.com/lihat/berita/100995/komandan-batalyon-tank-amfibi-1-marinir-diganti","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":208815,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:45.408112-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.29150390625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yontankfib di perkuat dengan Alutsista PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.","translated_text":"Yontankfib was reinforced with Alutsista PT-76, PT-76 (M), AMX-10 PAC 90, BRDM-1, Panser BTR-80A, BMP-3F.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi dilingkungan Korps Marinir, Resimen Kavaleri Marinir dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya dan Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta, Batalyon Tank Amfibi 2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir yang ada di Jakarta.","translated_text":"In 2001 organizational changes surrounding the Marine Corps, the Marine Cavalry Regiment was divided into 2 Regiments namely the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in Surabaya and 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment in Jakarta, the 2nd Marine Amphibious Tank Battalion became part of the 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2018, Berdasarkan Perkasal No.18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi Korps Marinir sehingga Yon Tankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah penyebutan menjadi Batalyon Tank Ampfibi 1 Marinir di Jakarta.","translated_text":"In 2018, based on Perkasal No.18/2018 dated 09 May 2018 on the Validation of the Marine Corps Organization so that the Yon Tankfib 2 Marine in Jakarta changed its name to Batalyon Tank Ampfibi 1 Marine in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah terbentuknya Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir","translated_text":"History of the formation of the 1st Marine Amphibious Tank Battalion","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejarah Batalyon Tank Amfibi Marinir'''","translated_text":"The history of the Marine Amphibious Tank Battalion.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Awal terbentuknya Satuan Kavaleri didalam Korps Komando TNI- AL dimulai tahun 1950 saat adanya hibah beberapa kendaraan lapis baja ke ALRIS.","translated_text":"The beginning of the formation of the Cavalry Unit in the TNI-AL Command Corps began in 1950 with the granting of some armoured vehicles to ALRIS.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menindaklanjuti adanya hibah kendaraan lapis baja tersebut maka dibentuk Kesatuan Amfibi KKO - AL (Kesamko) pada tahun 1952 di Kesatrian KKO Semarung, Komandan Kesatrian Semarung dijabat oleh Kapten KKO Soejatno, Komandan Kompi dijabat oleh Letnan KKO R.N. Soedjimin.","translated_text":"Following the grant of such armored vehicles, the KKO Amphibious Unit - AL (Kesamko) was formed in 1952 at KKO Semarung Cavalry, the Semarung Cavalry Commander was held by KKO Captain Soejatno, the Kompi Commander was held by KKO Lieutenant R.N. Soedjimin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Material yang dimiliki pada waktu itu yaitu: 6 buah Sherman, 22 buah Amfibi Traktor, 25 buah Strom Boat, 6 buah LCVT Besi, 50 buah Jhonson 25 PK.","translated_text":"The materials available at the time were six Shermans, 22 Amphibious Tractors, 25 Strom Boats, six Iron LCVTs, 50 Jhonson 25 PKs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1958 s/d 1959 Satuan Kavaleri mengalami pengembangan organisasi dengan penambahan personel 1 peleton ex rekrut ke VI serta penambahan material berupa : 16 buah Amfibi Traktor Star Mayor, 8 buah Kendaraan Amfibi Roda ban, 16 buah LCVT Kayu.","translated_text":"In 1958 s/d 1959 the Cavalry Unit underwent an organizational development with the addition of personnel 1 ex-recruited platoon to the VI as well as the addition of material in the form of: 16 Amphibious Star Tractor Major, 8 Amphibious Wheeled Vehicles, 16 Wooden LCVTs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada Tahun 1960 Kesatrian Ujung dipecah menjadi 2 yaitu Kesatrian Amfibi Ujung dan Kesatrian PPAKO.","translated_text":"In 1960 the End Cavalry was split into two: the End Amphibious Cavalry and the PPAKO Cavalry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1961 pengembangan organisasi kembali adanya penambahan personil dan material yaitu : Personel dari hasil Rekrut ke VIII sebanyak 60 orang dan material tempur ex Uni Soviet yaitu : Tank PT-76, BTR 50 P, BTR 152, BRDM dan K-61.","translated_text":"In 1961 the development of the organization resumed with the addition of personnel and material: personnel from the results of the VIII Recruitment as many as 60 men and combat material of the former Soviet Union: tanks PT-76, BTR 50 P, BTR 152, BRDM and K-61.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan masuknya material tempur ex Uni Soviet, maka satuan Kavaleri pada tahun 1962 melaksanakan pengembangan organisasi dengan membentuk Batalyon – batalyon sekaligus sebagai persiapan operasi Trikora.","translated_text":"With the introduction of ex-Soviet combat material, the Cavalry unit in 1962 carried out the development of the organization by forming a Battalion ⁇ battalion simultaneously in preparation for the Trikora operation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai Komandan Batalyon Tank Amfibi KKO - AL adalah Mayor KKO J .W. Adnan.","translated_text":"As Commander of the KKO-AL Amphibious Tank Battalion was KKO Major J.W. Adnan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1962 berdirilah Pasinko di Karang Pilang dengan satuan dibawahnya antara lain Batalyon Tank Amfibi KKO - AL, Batalyon Panser Amfibi KKO - AL dan Batalyon Sekrat KKO - AL penambahan personel dari : Ex rekrut IX, ExWamil, Ex Sekasus dan ex Secakop.","translated_text":"In 1962 Pasinko stood at the Pilang Strait with units below it including Amphibious Tank Battalion KKO - AL, Amphibious Panser Battalion KKO - AL and Sacred Battalion KKO - AL adding personnel from: Ex recruit IX, ExWamil, Ex Sekasus and ex Secakop.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Disamping terbentuknya organisasi Batalyon- batalyon Kavaleri yang sudah ada, masih ada satuan-satuan Kavaleri KKO yang lain di antara :","translated_text":"In addition to the formation of the existing Cavalry Battalion organization, there are still other units of the KKO Cavalry among them:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Satuan Tank Pusat Senjata Bantuan, Detasemen Panser Kowiltim, Detasemen Panser Maritim IV, Detasemen Panser Kowilbar serta Yontankfib Paskoarma atau Induk Batalyon Tank Amfibi.","translated_text":"The Tank Center Relief Weapons Unit, the Kowiltim Panser Detachment, the Marine Panser Detachment IV, the Kowilbar Panser Detachment as well as the Yontankfib Paskoarma or the Amphibious Tank Battalion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1969, berdasarkan kebijaksanaan pimpinan KKO pada waktu itu diadakan penyesuaian organisasi dalam Korps Komando AL, nama Yon Tank Amfibi dirubah menjadi Satuan Tank Amfibi.","translated_text":"In 1969, based on the wisdom of the KKO leadership at the time an organizational adjustment was held in the AL Command Corps, the name Yon Tank Amphibious was changed to the Amphibious Tank Unit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sementara itu pada tahun 1973 dengan instruksi Nomor : IN / 23 / X / 1973 adanya perubahan di dalam organisasi yaitu Satuan Tank Amfibi menjadi Satuan Kavaleri Bermotor.","translated_text":"Meanwhile in 1973 with the instruction Number: IN / 23 / X / 1973 there was a change within the organization namely the Amphibious Tank Unit into a Motorized Cavalry Unit.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1979, terbentuklah Resimen - Resimen di Korps Marinir dimana Batalyon Tank berada dibawah Resimen Bantuan Tempur Korps Marinir.","translated_text":"In 1979, a Regiment - Regiment was formed in the Marine Corps where the Tank Battalion was under the Marine Corps Combat Auxiliary Regiment.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1990 Tank PT-76 Rusia di dimodifikasi dengan senjata buatan Belgia, sistem mesinnya menggunakan sistem komputerisasi buatan negara Kanada, sedangkan mesinnya buatan Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"In 1990 the Russian PT-76 tank was modified with a Belgian-made weapon, its engine system using a Canadian state-made computerized system, while its engine was made in the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2001 perubahan organisasi di lingkup Korps Marinir, Menbanpur Mar dibagi menjadi 2 Resimen yaitu Resimen Artileri-1 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Artileri-2 Marinir di Jakarta, Resimen Kavaleri-1 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri-2 Marinir di Jakarta.","translated_text":"In 2001 organizational changes in the scope of the Marine Corps, Menbanpur Mar was divided into 2 Regiments namely the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment in Surabaya, 2nd Marine Artillery Regiment in Jakarta, 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in Surabaya, 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yontankfib-1 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri-1 Marinir sedangkan Yontankfib-2 Marinir masuk menjadi bagian Resimen Kavaleri-2 Marinir.","translated_text":"The Yontankfib-1 Marines joined the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment while the Yontankfib-2 Marines joined the 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2002 jajaran Yontankfib Marinir menerima tambahan Ranpur BTR 80 A sebanyak 12 unit.","translated_text":"In 2002 the ranks of the Yontankfib Marines received an additional Ranpur BTR 80 A of 12 units.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2010 ditandai dengan adanya penambahan material kendaraan tempur dari Rusia yaitu pemesanan BMP-3F pada tahun 2008 dan tiba di Indonesia pada Tahun 2010 sebanyak 17 unit.","translated_text":"In 2010 it was marked by the addition of combat vehicle material from Russia, the ordering of the BMP-3F in 2008 and arrival in Indonesia in 2010 as 17 units.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selanjutnya pemesanan ulang BMP-3F pada Tahun 2013 dan tiba di Indonesia pada Tahun 2014 sebanyak 37 unit.","translated_text":"Subsequently, the BMP-3F was re-ordered in 2013 and arrived in Indonesia in 2014 with 37 units.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selanjutnya pada tanggal 19 Juli 2011 Yontankfib 1 Mar di Surabaya yang berada di dalam Kesatrian Sutedi Senaputra berpindah ke tempat yang baru dibekas Yon Provost 1 Mar yang lokasinya di paling luar Kesatrian Sutedi Senaputra.","translated_text":"Subsequently on 19 July 2011 Yontankfib 1 Mar in Surabaya which is within the Sutedi Senaputra Cavalry moved to the newly demolished Yon Provost 1 Mar which is located at the farthest outside the Sutedi Senaputra Cavalry.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dan berdasarkan Perkasal No. 18/2018 tanggal 09 Mei 2018 tentang Validasi Organisasi Korps Marinir dan penambahan Pasmar 3 di Sorong, Pasmar 1 menjadi Pasmar 2 kemudian Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah menjadi Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Surabaya sehingga Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Surabaya berubah penyebutan menjadi Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Surabaya, Resimen Kavaleri 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Resimen Kavaleri 1 Marinir di Jakarta sehingga Yontankfib 2 Marinir di Jakarta berubah menjadi Yontankfib 1 Marinir di Jakarta.","translated_text":"And based on Perkasal No. 18/2018 dated 09 May 2018 on Validation of Marine Corps Organization and the addition of Pasmar 3 in Sorong, Pasmar 1 became Pasmar 2 then the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in Surabaya changed to the 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment in Surabaya so Yontankfib 1 Marine in Surabaya changed the designation to Yontankfib 2 Marine in Surabaya, the 2nd Marine Cavalry Regiment in Jakarta changed to the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment in Jakarta so Yontankfib 2 Marine in Jakarta changed to Yontankfib 1 Marine in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Komandan","translated_text":"The commander.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Letkol Mar Akhiyar Meideri Periode (2010-2012)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Akhiyar Meideri Period (2010-2012)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Fery Handoko (2013-2014) Mayor Mar Wisnu Syogo (2014-2016)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Fery Handoko (2013-2014) Mayor of Mar Wisnu Syogo (2014-2016)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Yanuar Kusnindyo (2016-2017) Letkol Mar Dodi Khaerudin M.Sc (2017-2018) Letkol Mar Bambang Herawan, S.E., M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Yanuar Kusnindyo (2016-2017) Letkol Mar Dodi Khaerudin M.Sc (2017-2018) Letkol Mar Bambang Herawan, S.E., M.Tr.Opsla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2019-2020) Letkol Mar Imam Ghazali, M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"He is also the former Prime Minister of India.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2020-2021) Letkol Mar Wilibrordus, M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"He is the son of Lieutenant Colonel Mar Wilibrordus, M.Tr.Opsla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2021-2023)","translated_text":"(2021 to 2023)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Awan Suryawan, M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"Col. Mar of the Solar Clouds, M.T.Opsla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2023-Sekarang)","translated_text":"(2023-present)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Kategori:RESIMEN KAVALERI 1 MARINIR","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian National Army Navy Category:Marine Corps Category:RESIMEN of the 1st Marine Cavalry","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Batalyon Tank Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yontankfib 1/Mar merupakan salah satu kekuatan inti di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1. Dalam melaksanakan tugas, fungsi dan perannya, baik sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi maupun salah satu komponen pembangunan bangsa. Sebagai bagian dari pasukan pendarat amfibi, Batalyon Tank Amfibi-1 Marinir mengemban misi pembinaan dan penggunaan kekuatannya dalam rangka sarana proyeksi kekuatan pasukan pendarat dari laut ke darat dalam operasi Amfibi.","translated_text":"The Amphibious Tank Battalion 1/Marinir or Yontankfib 1/Mar is one of the core forces in the ranks of the 1st Marine Cavalry Regiment, 1st Marine Corps. In carrying out its duties, functions and role, both as an amphibious landing force and as one of the components of nation-building. 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Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = \n| start_date = '''[[17 Oktober]] [[1961]]'''\n| country = [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = [[Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya]]\n| garrison_label = Markas Komando\n| nickname =Yonranratfib-1\n| patron =\n| motto = Turangga Yudha Cakti\n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = Kuda Hitam \n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =17 Oktober \n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}\n'''Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir''' atau '''Yonranratib 1/Mar''' Merupakan salah satu Batalyon di jajaran [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]], [[Pasukan Marinir 1]] yang bermarkas di Kesatrian Marinir Soepraptono [[Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya|Semarung, Ujung]], [[Surabaya]]. Batalyon ini bertugas pokok mendaratkan dan mengangkut pasukan pendarat beserta perbekalannya dari kapal - kapal penyerbu ke sasaran didarat serta mengangkut pasukan dan perbekalan yang diperlukan selama operasi - operasi lanjutan di darat.{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |title=\"YONRANRATFIB-1MAR TERIMA KUNJUNGAN SISWA TARUNA AAL KORPS MARINIR\" |access-date=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |dead-url=yes }}\n\n== Sejarah ==\nYon Ranratfib Marinir berdiri setelah terbentuknya Korps Komando Angkatan Laut Republik (KKO AL) Indonesia yang bertujuan menyiapkan kekuatan untuk melaksanakan tugas pokok sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi dan tugas-tugas lain sebagai angkatan perang RI. Seiring dengan berkumandangnya semangat dan gelora Trikora, maka pada tanggal [[17 Oktober]] [[1961]], sesuai Surat Keputusan Komando KKO AL No. 3401.150 terbentuklah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando ( BATALYON AMTRAKKO ) yang berkedudukan di Ksatrian [[Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya]].[http://ranratfibmarinir.blogspot.com/2011/06/sejarah.html \"Sejarah Berdirinya Yonrantankfib 1/Marinir\"]\n\nPada mulanya Batalyon Amtrakko ini tergabung dalam suatu kesatuan yang disebut Kesatuan Amfibi KKO AL (KESAMKO). Pada tahun 1961 terbentuk Pasinko (Pasukan Induk Komando), maka Pasukan Amfibi KKO AL dipisah menjadi 3 Batalyon, salah satunya adalah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando yang sekarang menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi Korps Marinir. Di dalam perjalanan sejarah, Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando menggunakan kendaraan tempur peninggalan Belanda (KAT dan KAR). Kemudian pada tahun 1962, pemerintah Indonesia berhubungan baik dengan Rusia. Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando memperoleh kendaraan tempur amfibi yaitu kendaraan Bronye Transportier 50 Plawo Yushi (BTR–50 P) dan Kendaraan Amfibi Pengangkut Arteleri (KAPA K–61).\n\nBatalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando tercatat mengalami beberapa perubahan organisasi antara lain Satuan Panser Amfibi KKO (Sat Pansam), kemudian berubah menjadi Batalyon Panser Amfibi (Yon Pansam). Pada tahun 1977 berubah menjadi Batalyon Marinir Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi (MARRANFIB). Pada tahun 1979 berubah lagi menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Ampibi Marinir (YONRANRATFIBMAR). Dari kendaraan tempur yang dimiliki pada tahun 1981 – 1987, Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat dengan kendaraan tempur AMX – 10 P (ATELIER DE’LA CONTRUCTION D’ESSY LES MOU LINEUX 10 – P) buatan Prancis sebanyak 20 buah. Sehubungan dengan usia ranpur eks. Rusia sudah mencapai 25 tahun, maka Korps Marinir berupaya untuk meremajakan kendaraan tempur BTR-50 P dengan cara repowering / retrofit, ganti mesin dan senjata. Pada tahun 1987, resmilah ranpur retrofit eks. Rusia tersebut menjadi organik Yonranratfibmar dengan nama BTR 50 – P(M). Pada tahun 1999 Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat lagi dengan kedatangan material tempur eks. Ukraina yaitu BTR 50 PK sebanyak 25 buah. Kemudian pada tahun 2002 – 2003 dilaksanakan pergantian mesin ranpur BTR-50 P dengan mesin BTR-50 PK sebanyak 13 buah di Denhar lanmar Surabaya.\n\n== Kendaraan Tempur ==\nYonranratib 1/Mar mengoperasikan berbagai Ranpur diantaranya:\n* 1 unit Ranpur Rec\n* 36 unit BTR 50PM\n* 25 unit BTR 50PK\n* 17 unit AMX 10PM\n* 3 unit AMX 10PH\n* 13 unit BTR 50P\n* 5 unit [[Assault Amphibious Vehicle|LVTP-7A1]]\n\n== Komandan ==\n{{col|2}}\n# Kapten KKO Soepraptono (1950-1952)\n# Mayor KKO Isgiyarto (1958-1959)\n# Kapten KKO MA. Tambunan (1963-1966)\n# Mayor KKO Tatang K (1969-1970)\n# Kapten KKO R. Moeljadi (1970-1971)\n# Kapten KKO Soenardi (1971-1973)\n# Mayor KKO Narto Soedomo (1973-1976)\n# Mayor Mar J. Soepangat (1976-1978)\n# Mayor Mar Mama HS Machmud (1978-1981)\n# Mayor Mar Sih Soerono P (1981-1984)\n# Letkol Mar A. Syaiban (1986-1987)\n# Letkol Mar Prayitno Hadi (1987-1989)\n# Letkol Mar Bambang Dermawan (1989-1992)\n# Letkol Mar Susilo Suyono (1992-1993)\n# Letkol Mar [[Ivan Ahmad Riski Titus|Ivan AR Titus]] (1996-2000)⭐⭐\n# Letkol Mar Aris Suprayogi (2000-2002)\n# Letkol Mar Sihar Simanulang (2002-2004)\n# Letkol Mar [[Cecep Ruhiat]] (2004-2006)⭐\n# Letkol Mar [[Herry Djuhaeri|Herry Djuhaeri, M.M., CHRMP.]] (2006)⭐\n# Letkol Mar Baedhowi Oktafidia (2006-2007)\n# Letkol Mar Abdus Samad (2007-2009)\n# Letkol Mar Subagio (2009-2010)\n# Letkol Mar Purwanto Hadi S (2010-2011)\n# Letkol Mar Achmad Sochfan (2011-2013)\n# Letkol Mar Umar Hidayat (2013-2014)\n# Letkol Mar Karlos. R. Deda, S.Sos., M.Tr.(Opsla)., Hanla., M.M. (2014-2016)\n# Letkol Mar Mar Agus Setiadi, S.H., M.Tr.Hanla. (2016-2018)\n# Letkol Mar Iwan Permana, S.H., M.Tr.Opsla. (2018-Sekarang)\n{{end-col}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut]]\n[[Kategori:Korps Marinir| ]]\n[[Kategori:Marinir|Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Artikel kelas awal bertopik militer]]","hash":"3dabe5021f0fadf199edf23a0234ca62cabfa31124bf64c623514d8ae1cfef79","last_revision":"2023-10-01T10:10:28Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:31:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:56.742254","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yonranratib 1/Mar Merupakan salah satu Batalyon di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1 yang bermarkas di Kesatrian Marinir Soepraptono Semarung, Ujung, Surabaya. Batalyon ini bertugas pokok mendaratkan dan mengangkut pasukan pendarat beserta perbekalannya dari kapal - kapal penyerbu ke sasaran didarat serta mengangkut pasukan dan perbekalan yang diperlukan selama operasi - operasi lanjutan di darat.\n\nYon Ranratfib Marinir berdiri setelah terbentuknya Korps Komando Angkatan Laut Republik (KKO AL) Indonesia yang bertujuan menyiapkan kekuatan untuk melaksanakan tugas pokok sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi dan tugas-tugas lain sebagai angkatan perang RI. Seiring dengan berkumandangnya semangat dan gelora Trikora, maka pada tanggal 17 Oktober 1961, sesuai Surat Keputusan Komando KKO AL No. 3401.150 terbentuklah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando ( BATALYON AMTRAKKO ) yang berkedudukan di Ksatrian Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya.\n\nPada mulanya Batalyon Amtrakko ini tergabung dalam suatu kesatuan yang disebut Kesatuan Amfibi KKO AL (KESAMKO). Pada tahun 1961 terbentuk Pasinko (Pasukan Induk Komando), maka Pasukan Amfibi KKO AL dipisah menjadi 3 Batalyon, salah satunya adalah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando yang sekarang menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi Korps Marinir. Di dalam perjalanan sejarah, Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando menggunakan kendaraan tempur peninggalan Belanda (KAT dan KAR). Kemudian pada tahun 1962, pemerintah Indonesia berhubungan baik dengan Rusia. Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando memperoleh kendaraan tempur amfibi yaitu kendaraan Bronye Transportier 50 Plawo Yushi (BTR–50 P) dan Kendaraan Amfibi Pengangkut Arteleri (KAPA K–61).\n\nBatalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando tercatat mengalami beberapa perubahan organisasi antara lain Satuan Panser Amfibi KKO (Sat Pansam), kemudian berubah menjadi Batalyon Panser Amfibi (Yon Pansam). Pada tahun 1977 berubah menjadi Batalyon Marinir Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi (MARRANFIB). Pada tahun 1979 berubah lagi menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Ampibi Marinir (YONRANRATFIBMAR). Dari kendaraan tempur yang dimiliki pada tahun 1981 – 1987, Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat dengan kendaraan tempur AMX – 10 P (ATELIER DE'LA CONTRUCTION D'ESSY LES MOU LINEUX 10 – P) buatan Prancis sebanyak 20 buah. Sehubungan dengan usia ranpur eks. Rusia sudah mencapai 25 tahun, maka Korps Marinir berupaya untuk meremajakan kendaraan tempur BTR-50 P dengan cara repowering / retrofit, ganti mesin dan senjata. Pada tahun 1987, resmilah ranpur retrofit eks. Rusia tersebut menjadi organik Yonranratfibmar dengan nama BTR 50 – P(M). Pada tahun 1999 Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat lagi dengan kedatangan material tempur eks. Ukraina yaitu BTR 50 PK sebanyak 25 buah. Kemudian pada tahun 2002 – 2003 dilaksanakan pergantian mesin ranpur BTR-50 P dengan mesin BTR-50 PK sebanyak 13 buah di Denhar lanmar Surabaya.\n\nYonranratib 1/Mar mengoperasikan berbagai Ranpur diantaranya: 1 unit Ranpur Rec 36 unit BTR 50PM 25 unit BTR 50PK 17 unit AMX 10PM 3 unit AMX 10PH 13 unit BTR 50P 5 unit LVTP-7A1\n\nKapten KKO Soepraptono (1950-1952) Mayor KKO Isgiyarto (1958-1959) Kapten KKO MA. Tambunan (1963-1966) Mayor KKO Tatang K (1969-1970) Kapten KKO R. Moeljadi (1970-1971) Kapten KKO Soenardi (1971-1973) Mayor KKO Narto Soedomo (1973-1976) Mayor Mar J. Soepangat (1976-1978) Mayor Mar Mama HS Machmud (1978-1981) Mayor Mar Sih Soerono P (1981-1984) Letkol Mar A. Syaiban (1986-1987) Letkol Mar Prayitno Hadi (1987-1989) Letkol Mar Bambang Dermawan (1989-1992) Letkol Mar Susilo Suyono (1992-1993) Letkol Mar Ivan AR Titus (1996-2000)⭐⭐ Letkol Mar Aris Suprayogi (2000-2002) Letkol Mar Sihar Simanulang (2002-2004) Letkol Mar Cecep Ruhiat (2004-2006)⭐ Letkol Mar Herry Djuhaeri, M.M., CHRMP. (2006)⭐ Letkol Mar Baedhowi Oktafidia (2006-2007) Letkol Mar Abdus Samad (2007-2009) Letkol Mar Subagio (2009-2010) Letkol Mar Purwanto Hadi S (2010-2011) Letkol Mar Achmad Sochfan (2011-2013) Letkol Mar Umar Hidayat (2013-2014) Letkol Mar Karlos. R. Deda, S.Sos., M.Tr.(Opsla)., Hanla., M.M. (2014-2016) Letkol Mar Mar Agus Setiadi, S.H., M.Tr.Hanla. (2016-2018) Letkol Mar Iwan Permana, S.H., M.Tr.Opsla. (2018-Sekarang)\n\nKategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Indonesia Kategori:Artikel kelas awal bertopik militer\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox military unit\n| unit_name = Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir\n| image = \n| caption = \n| start_date = '''[[17 Oktober]] [[1961]]'''\n| country = [[Indonesia]]\n| allegiance = \n| branch = [[Berkas:Lambang TNI AL.png|30px]] [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n| type = [[Korps Marinir]]\n| role = \n| size = \n| command_structure = [[Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir]]\n| garrison = [[Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya]]\n| garrison_label = Markas Komando\n| nickname =Yonranratfib-1\n| patron =\n| motto = Turangga Yudha Cakti\n| colors =\n| colors_label =\n| march =\n| mascot = Kuda Hitam \n| equipment =\n| equipment_label =\n| battles =\n| anniversaries =17 Oktober \n| decorations =\n| battle_honours =\n| battle_honours_label =\n| disbanded =\n| flying_hours =\n| website = [http://www.marinir.mil.id www.marinir.mil.id]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yonranratib 1/Mar Merupakan salah satu Batalyon di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1 yang bermarkas di Kesatrian Marinir Soepraptono Semarung, Ujung, Surabaya.","translated_text":"The Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion 1/Marinir or Yonranratib 1/Mar is one of the Battalions in the 1st Cavalry Regiment, 1st Marine Corps based at Marine Cavalry Soepraptono Semarung, Ujung, Surabaya.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Batalyon ini bertugas pokok mendaratkan dan mengangkut pasukan pendarat beserta perbekalannya dari kapal - kapal penyerbu ke sasaran didarat serta mengangkut pasukan dan perbekalan yang diperlukan selama operasi - operasi lanjutan di darat.","translated_text":"The battalion is primarily tasked with landing and transporting landing forces and supplies from the invading ships to landed targets and transporting troops and supplies needed during continuing operations on land.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |title=\"YONRANRATFIB-1MAR TERIMA KUNJUNGAN SISWA TARUNA AAL KORPS MARINIR\" |access-date=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":"http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:46.911688-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |title=\"YONRANRATFIB-1MAR TERIMA KUNJUNGAN SISWA TARUNA AAL KORPS MARINIR\" |access-date=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":240,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:58.938120-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yon Ranratfib Marinir berdiri setelah terbentuknya Korps Komando Angkatan Laut Republik (KKO AL) Indonesia yang bertujuan menyiapkan kekuatan untuk melaksanakan tugas pokok sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi dan tugas-tugas lain sebagai angkatan perang RI.","translated_text":"Yon Ranratfib Marinir was founded after the formation of the Indonesian Republican Navy Command Corps (KKO AL) which aimed to prepare the force to perform its primary duties as an amphibious landing force and other duties as an army of the Republic of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seiring dengan berkumandangnya semangat dan gelora Trikora, maka pada tanggal 17 Oktober 1961, sesuai Surat Keputusan Komando KKO AL No. 3401.150 terbentuklah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando ( BATALYON AMTRAKKO ) yang berkedudukan di Ksatrian Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya.","translated_text":"Along with the tremendous spirit and bravery of Trikora, on October 17, 1961, in accordance with the Decree of the KKO AL Command No. 3401.150 was formed the Amphibious Tractor Vehicle Battalion Command (BATLYON AMTRAKKO) stationed at Ksatrian Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://ranratfibmarinir.blogspot.com/2011/06/sejarah.html \"Sejarah Berdirinya Yonrantankfib 1/Marinir\"]","char_index":279,"name":null,"url":"http://ranratfibmarinir.blogspot.com/2011/06/sejarah.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":57240,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:59.008579-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.890625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada mulanya Batalyon Amtrakko ini tergabung dalam suatu kesatuan yang disebut Kesatuan Amfibi KKO AL (KESAMKO).","translated_text":"Initially the Amtrakko Battalion was incorporated into a unit called the KKO AL Amphibious Unit (KESAMKO).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1961 terbentuk Pasinko (Pasukan Induk Komando), maka Pasukan Amfibi KKO AL dipisah menjadi 3 Batalyon, salah satunya adalah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando yang sekarang menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi Korps Marinir.","translated_text":"In 1961 the Pasinko (Mother Command Force) was formed, then the KKO AL Amphibious Force was split into 3 Battalions, one of which was the Amphibious Tractor Vehicle Battalion Commando which is now the Marine Corps Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam perjalanan sejarah, Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando menggunakan kendaraan tempur peninggalan Belanda (KAT dan KAR).","translated_text":"On historic journeys, the Amphibious Vehicle Battalion Tractor Command used the Dutch relic fighting vehicles (KAT and KAR).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian pada tahun 1962, pemerintah Indonesia berhubungan baik dengan Rusia.","translated_text":"Then in 1962, the Indonesian government had good relations with Russia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando memperoleh kendaraan tempur amfibi yaitu kendaraan Bronye Transportier 50 Plawo Yushi (BTR–50 P) dan Kendaraan Amfibi Pengangkut Arteleri (KAPA K–61).","translated_text":"The Amphibious Tractor Vehicle Battalion Command acquired the amphibious fighting vehicles Bronye Transportier 50 Plawo Yushi (BTR ⁇ 50 P) and Amphibious Artillery Carrier Vehicle (KAPA K ⁇ 61).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando tercatat mengalami beberapa perubahan organisasi antara lain Satuan Panser Amfibi KKO (Sat Pansam), kemudian berubah menjadi Batalyon Panser Amfibi (Yon Pansam).","translated_text":"The Amphibious Tractor Vehicle Battalion Command reportedly underwent several organizational changes including the Amphibious Panser Unit KKO (Sat Pansam), later changing to the Amphibious Panser Battalion (Yon Pansam).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1977 berubah menjadi Batalyon Marinir Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi (MARRANFIB).","translated_text":"In 1977 it was transformed into the Marine Landing Vehicle Amphibious Battalion (MARRANFIB).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1979 berubah lagi menjadi Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Ampibi Marinir (YONRANRATFIBMAR).","translated_text":"In 1979 it changed again to the Marine Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion (YONRANRATFIBMAR).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari kendaraan tempur yang dimiliki pada tahun 1981 – 1987, Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat dengan kendaraan tempur AMX – 10 P (ATELIER DE'LA CONTRUCTION D'ESSY LES MOU LINEUX 10 – P) buatan Prancis sebanyak 20 buah.","translated_text":"Of the combat vehicles owned in 1981 ⁇ 1987, the Ranratfibmar Battalion was reinforced with 20 French-made AMX ⁇ 10 P (ATELIER DE'LA CONTRUCTION D'ESSY LES MOU LINEUX 10 ⁇ P) combat vehicles.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sehubungan dengan usia ranpur eks.","translated_text":"Relating to the age of the former ranpur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rusia sudah mencapai 25 tahun, maka Korps Marinir berupaya untuk meremajakan kendaraan tempur BTR-50 P dengan cara repowering / retrofit, ganti mesin dan senjata.","translated_text":"Russia has reached 25 years of age, so the Marine Corps is working to rejuvenate the BTR-50 P combat vehicles by means of repowering/retrofit, changing engines and weapons.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1987, resmilah ranpur retrofit eks.","translated_text":"In 1987, the former retrofit track was officially opened.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rusia tersebut menjadi organik Yonranratfibmar dengan nama BTR 50 – P(M).","translated_text":"The Russian became the organic Yonranratfibmar with the name BTR 50 ⁇ P(M).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1999 Batalyon Ranratfibmar diperkuat lagi dengan kedatangan material tempur eks.","translated_text":"In 1999 Ranratfibmar Battalion was reinforced again with the arrival of ex-fighting material.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ukraina yaitu BTR 50 PK sebanyak 25 buah.","translated_text":"Ukraine is a BTR 50 PK of 25.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian pada tahun 2002 – 2003 dilaksanakan pergantian mesin ranpur BTR-50 P dengan mesin BTR-50 PK sebanyak 13 buah di Denhar lanmar Surabaya.","translated_text":"Then in 2002 ⁇ 2003 implemented the replacement of the BTR-50 P ranpur engine with the BTR-50 PK engine as many as 13 units in Denhar lanmar Surabaya.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kendaraan Tempur","translated_text":"Fighting Vehicle","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Yonranratib 1/Mar mengoperasikan berbagai Ranpur diantaranya: 1 unit Ranpur Rec 36 unit BTR 50PM 25 unit BTR 50PK 17 unit AMX 10PM 3 unit AMX 10PH 13 unit BTR 50P 5 unit LVTP-7A1","translated_text":"Yonranratib 1/Mar operates various Ranpur including: 1 unit Ranpur Rec 36 unit BTR 50PM 25 unit BTR 50PK 17 unit AMX 10PM 3 unit AMX 10PH 13 unit BTR 50P 5 unit LVTP-7A1","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Komandan","translated_text":"The commander.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kapten KKO Soepraptono (1950-1952) Mayor KKO Isgiyarto (1958-1959)","translated_text":"Captain of the KKO Soepraptono (1950-1952) Major of the KKO Isgiyarto (1958-1959)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kapten KKO MA.","translated_text":"Captain KKO MA.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tambunan (1963-1966)","translated_text":"Mining (1963-1966)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mayor KKO Tatang K (1969-1970)","translated_text":"Major KKO Tatang K (1969-1970)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kapten KKO R. Moeljadi (1970-1971) Kapten KKO Soenardi (1971-1973) Mayor KKO Narto Soedomo (1973-1976) Mayor Mar J. Soepangat (1976-1978) Mayor Mar Mama HS Machmud (1978-1981) Mayor Mar Sih Soerono P (1981-1984) Letkol Mar A. Syaiban (1986-1987) Letkol Mar Prayitno Hadi (1987-1989)","translated_text":"Captain KKO R. Moeljadi (1970-1971) Captain KKO Soenardi (1971-1973) Major KKO Narto Soedomo (1973-1976) Major Mar J. Soepangat (1976-1978) Major Mar Mama HS Machmud (1978-1981) Major Mar Sih Soerono P (1981-1984) Lieutenant Mar A. Syaiban (1986-1987) Lieutenant Mar Prayitno Hadi (1987-1989)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Bambang Dermawan (1989-1992)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Bambang Dermawan (1989-1992)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Susilo Suyono (1992-1993)","translated_text":"Col. Mar Susilo Suyono (1992-1993)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Ivan AR Titus (1996-2000)⭐⭐","translated_text":"Lieutenant Colonel Mar Ivan AR Titus (1996-2000)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Aris Suprayogi (2000-2002)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Aris Suprayogi (2000 to 2002)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Sihar Simanulang (2002-2004) Letkol Mar Cecep Ruhiat (2004-2006)⭐","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Sihar Simanulang (2002-2004) Letkol Mar Cecep Ruhiat (2004-2006) ⭐","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Herry Djuhaeri, M.M., CHRMP.","translated_text":"Lieutenant Colonel Mar Herry Djuhaeri, M.M., CHRMP.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2006)⭐","translated_text":"(2006) ⭐","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Baedhowi Oktafidia (2006-2007) Letkol Mar Abdus Samad (2007-2009) Letkol Mar Subagio (2009-2010) Letkol Mar Purwanto Hadi S (2010-2011)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Baedhowi Oktafidia (2006-2007) Letkol Mar Abdus Samad (2007-2009) Letkol Mar Subagio (2009-2010) Letkol Mar Purwanto Hadi S (2010-2011)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Achmad Sochfan (2011-2013)","translated_text":"Letkol Mar Achmad Sochfan (2011-2013)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Umar Hidayat (2013-2014) Letkol Mar Karlos.","translated_text":"He is also a former Lieutenant Colonel of the United States Army.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"R. Deda, S.Sos., M.Tr.(Opsla)., Hanla., M.M. (2014-2016)","translated_text":"R. Deda, S.Sos., M.Tr.(Opsla)., Hanla., M.M. (2014-2016)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Letkol Mar Mar Agus Setiadi, S.H., M.Tr.Hanla.","translated_text":"Lieutenant colonel Mar Mar Agus Setiadi, S.H., M.Tr.Hanla.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2016-2018) Letkol Mar Iwan Permana, S.H., M.Tr.Opsla.","translated_text":"He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Mar Iwan Permana (2016-2018).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(2018-Sekarang)","translated_text":"(2018-present)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Korps Marinir Indonesia Kategori:Artikel kelas awal bertopik militer","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian National Army Navy Category:Indonesian Marine Corps Category:Early class articles on military subjects","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Batalyon Kendaraan Pendarat Amfibi 1/Marinir atau Yonranratib 1/Mar Merupakan salah satu Batalyon di jajaran Resimen Kavaleri 1/Marinir, Pasukan Marinir 1 yang bermarkas di Kesatrian Marinir Soepraptono Semarung, Ujung, Surabaya. Batalyon ini bertugas pokok mendaratkan dan mengangkut pasukan pendarat beserta perbekalannya dari kapal - kapal penyerbu ke sasaran didarat serta mengangkut pasukan dan perbekalan yang diperlukan selama operasi - operasi lanjutan di darat.","translated_text":"The Amphibious Landing Vehicle Battalion 1/Marinir or Yonranratib 1/Mar is one of the Battalions in the 1st Cavalry Regiment, 1st Marine Corps based at Marine Cavalry Soepraptono Semarung, Ujung, Surabaya. The battalion is primarily tasked with landing and transporting landing forces and supplies from the invading ships to landed targets and transporting troops and supplies needed during continuing operations on land.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |title=\"YONRANRATFIB-1MAR TERIMA KUNJUNGAN SISWA TARUNA AAL KORPS MARINIR\" |access-date=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":470,"name":null,"url":"http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:46.911688-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |title=\"YONRANRATFIB-1MAR TERIMA KUNJUNGAN SISWA TARUNA AAL KORPS MARINIR\" |access-date=2017-11-18 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786 |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":470,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043917/http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=4786","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:58.938120-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Yon Ranratfib Marinir berdiri setelah terbentuknya Korps Komando Angkatan Laut Republik (KKO AL) Indonesia yang bertujuan menyiapkan kekuatan untuk melaksanakan tugas pokok sebagai pasukan pendarat amfibi dan tugas-tugas lain sebagai angkatan perang RI. Seiring dengan berkumandangnya semangat dan gelora Trikora, maka pada tanggal 17 Oktober 1961, sesuai Surat Keputusan Komando KKO AL No. 3401.150 terbentuklah Batalyon Kendaraan Amfibi Tractor Komando ( BATALYON AMTRAKKO ) yang berkedudukan di Ksatrian Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya.","translated_text":"Yon Ranratfib Marinir was founded after the formation of the Indonesian Republican Navy Command Corps (KKO AL) which aimed to prepare the force to perform its primary duties as an amphibious landing force and other duties as an army of the Republic of Indonesia. Along with the tremendous spirit and bravery of Trikora, on October 17, 1961, in accordance with the Decree of the KKO AL Command No. 3401.150 was formed the Amphibious Tractor Vehicle Battalion Command (BATLYON AMTRAKKO) stationed at Ksatrian Ujung, Semampir, Surabaya.","citations":[{"content":"[http://ranratfibmarinir.blogspot.com/2011/06/sejarah.html \"Sejarah Berdirinya Yonrantankfib 1/Marinir\"]","char_index":533,"name":null,"url":"http://ranratfibmarinir.blogspot.com/2011/06/sejarah.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":57240,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:50:59.008579-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.890625}]}]} +{"title":"Templat:Vienne","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n|name = Vienne\n|listclass = hlist\n|title = [[Komune di departemen Vienne|Komune]] di departemen [[Vienne]] {{Flagicon|Prancis}}\n|state = {{{state|collapsed}}}\n|list1 = \n* [[Adriers]]\n* [[Amberre]]\n* [[Anché, Vienne|Anché]]\n* [[Angles-sur-l'Anglin]]\n* [[Angliers, Vienne|Angliers]]\n* [[Antigny, Vienne|Antigny]]\n* [[Antran]]\n* [[Arçay, Vienne|Arçay]]\n* [[Archigny]]\n* [[Aslonnes]]\n* [[Asnières-sur-Blour]]\n* [[Asnois, Vienne|Asnois]]\n* [[Aulnay, Vienne|Aulnay]]\n* [[Availles-en-Châtellerault]]\n* [[Availles-Limouzine]]\n* [[Avanton]]\n* [[Ayron, Vienne|Ayron]]\n* [[Basses, Vienne|Basses]]\n* [[Beaumont Saint-Cyr]]\n* [[Bellefonds]]\n* [[Berrie, Vienne|Berrie]]\n* [[Berthegon]]\n* [[Béruges]]\n* [[Béthines]]\n* [[Beuxes]]\n* [[Biard]]\n* [[Bignoux]]\n* [[Blanzay]]\n* [[Boivre-la-Vallée]]\n* [[Bonnes, Vienne|Bonnes]]\n* [[Bonneuil-Matours]]\n* [[Bouresse]]\n* [[Bourg-Archambault]]\n* [[Bournand]]\n* [[Brigueil-le-Chantre]]\n* [[Brion, Vienne|Brion]]\n* [[Brux, Vienne|Brux]]\n* [[La Bussière, Vienne|La Bussière]]\n* [[Buxerolles, Vienne|Buxerolles]]\n* [[Buxeuil, Vienne|Buxeuil]]\n* [[Ceaux-en-Loudun]]\n* [[Celle-Lévescault]]\n* [[Cenon-sur-Vienne]]\n* [[Cernay, Vienne|Cernay]]\n* [[Chabournay]]\n* [[Chalais, Vienne|Chalais]]\n* [[Chalandray]]\n* [[Champagné-le-Sec]]\n* [[Champagné-Saint-Hilaire]]\n* [[Champigny en Rochereau]]\n* [[Champniers, Vienne|Champniers]]\n* [[La Chapelle-Bâton, Vienne|La Chapelle-Bâton]]\n* [[La Chapelle-Moulière]]\n* [[Chapelle-Viviers]]\n* [[Charroux, Vienne|Charroux]]\n* [[Chasseneuil-du-Poitou]]\n* [[Chatain]]\n* [[Château-Garnier]]\n* [[Château-Larcher]]\n* [[Châtellerault]]subpr\n* [[Chaunay]]\n* [[La Chaussée, Vienne|La Chaussée]]\n* [[Chauvigny]]\n* [[Chenevelles]]\n* [[Cherves]]\n* [[Chiré-en-Montreuil]]\n* [[Chouppes]]\n* [[Cissé, Vienne|Cissé]]\n* [[Civaux]]\n* [[Civray, Vienne|Civray]]\n* [[Cloué]]\n* [[Colombiers, Vienne|Colombiers]]\n* [[Coulombiers, Vienne|Coulombiers]]\n* [[Coulonges, Vienne|Coulonges]]\n* [[Coussay]]\n* [[Coussay-les-Bois]]\n* [[Craon, Vienne|Craon]]\n* [[Croutelle]]\n* [[Cuhon]]\n* [[Curçay-sur-Dive]]\n* [[Curzay-sur-Vonne]]\n* [[Dangé-Saint-Romain]]\n* [[Dercé]]\n* [[Dienné]]\n* [[Dissay]]\n* [[Doussay]]\n* [[La Ferrière-Airoux]]\n* [[Fleix]]\n* [[Fleuré, Vienne|Fleuré]]\n* [[Fontaine-le-Comte]]\n* [[Frozes]]\n* [[Gençay]]\n* [[Genouillé, Vienne|Genouillé]]\n* [[Gizay]]\n* [[Glénouze]]\n* [[Gouex]]\n* [[La Grimaudière]]\n* [[Guesnes]]\n* [[Haims]]\n* [[Ingrandes, Vienne|Ingrandes]]\n* [[L'Isle-Jourdain, Vienne|L'Isle-Jourdain]]\n* [[Iteuil]]\n* [[Jardres]]\n* [[Jaunay-Marigny]]\n* [[Jazeneuil]]\n* [[Jouhet]]\n* [[Journet]]\n* [[Joussé]]\n* [[Lathus-Saint-Rémy]]\n* [[Latillé]]\n* [[Lauthiers]]\n* [[Lavoux]]\n* [[Leigné-les-Bois]]\n* [[Leignes-sur-Fontaine]]\n* [[Leigné-sur-Usseau]]\n* [[Lencloître]]\n* [[Lésigny, Vienne|Lésigny]]\n* [[Leugny, Vienne|Leugny]]\n* [[Lhommaizé]]\n* [[Liglet]]\n* [[Ligugé]]\n* [[Linazay]]\n* [[Liniers, Vienne|Liniers]]\n* [[Lizant]]\n* [[Loudun]]\n* [[Luchapt]]\n* [[Lusignan, Vienne|Lusignan]]\n* [[Lussac-les-Châteaux]]\n* [[Magné, Vienne|Magné]]\n* [[Maillé, Vienne|Maillé]]\n* [[Mairé]]\n* [[Maisonneuve, Vienne|Maisonneuve]]\n* [[Marçay, Vienne|Marçay]]\n* [[Marigny-Chemereau]]\n* [[Marnay, Vienne|Marnay]]\n* [[Martaizé]]\n* [[Massognes]]\n* [[Maulay]]\n* [[Mauprévoir]]\n* [[Mazerolles, Vienne|Mazerolles]]\n* [[Mazeuil]]\n* [[Messemé]]\n* [[Mignaloux-Beauvoir]]\n* [[Migné-Auxances]]\n* [[Millac]]\n* [[Mirebeau]]\n* [[Moncontour, Vienne|Moncontour]]\n* [[Mondion]]\n* [[Montamisé]]\n* [[Monthoiron]]\n* [[Montmorillon]]subpr\n* [[Monts-sur-Guesnes]]\n* [[Morton, Vienne|Morton]]\n* [[Moulismes]]\n* [[Moussac, Vienne|Moussac]]\n* [[Mouterre-Silly]]\n* [[Mouterre-sur-Blourde]]\n* [[Naintré]]\n* [[Nalliers, Vienne|Nalliers]]\n* [[Nérignac]]\n* [[Neuville-de-Poitou]]\n* [[Nieuil-l'Espoir]]\n* [[Nouaillé-Maupertuis]]\n* [[Nueil-sous-Faye]]\n* [[Orches]]\n* [[Les Ormes, Vienne|Les Ormes]]\n* [[Ouzilly]]\n* [[Oyré]]\n* [[Paizay-le-Sec]]\n* [[Payroux]]\n* [[Persac]]\n* [[Pindray]]\n* [[Plaisance, Vienne|Plaisance]]\n* [[Pleumartin]]\n* [[Poitiers]]pref\n* [[Port-de-Piles]]\n* [[Pouançay]]\n* [[Pouant]]\n* [[Pouillé, Vienne|Pouillé]]\n* [[Pressac]]\n* [[Prinçay]]\n* [[La Puye]]\n* [[Queaux]]\n* [[Quinçay]]\n* [[Ranton, Vienne|Ranton]]\n* [[Raslay]]\n* [[La Roche-Posay]]\n* [[La Roche-Rigault]]\n* [[Roches-Prémarie-Andillé]]\n* [[Roiffé]]\n* [[Romagne, Vienne|Romagne]]\n* [[Rouillé]]\n* [[Saint-Benoît, Vienne|Saint-Benoît]]\n* [[Saint-Christophe, Vienne|Saint-Christophe]]\n* [[Saint-Clair, Vienne|Saint-Clair]]\n* [[Sainte-Radégonde]]\n* [[Saint-Gaudent]]\n* [[Saint-Genest-d'Ambière]]\n* [[Saint-Georges-lès-Baillargeaux]]\n* [[Saint-Germain, Vienne|Saint-Germain]]\n* [[Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers]]\n* [[Saint-Jean-de-Sauves]]\n* [[Saint-Julien-l'Ars]]\n* [[Saint-Laon]]\n* [[Saint-Laurent-de-Jourdes]]\n* [[Saint-Léger-de-Montbrillais]]\n* [[Saint-Léomer]]\n* [[Saint-Macoux]]\n* [[Saint-Martin-la-Pallu]]\n* [[Saint-Martin-l'Ars]]\n* [[Saint-Maurice-la-Clouère]]\n* [[Saint-Pierre-de-Maillé]]\n* [[Saint-Pierre-d'Exideuil]]\n* [[Saint-Rémy-sur-Creuse]]\n* [[Saint-Romain, Vienne|Saint-Romain]]\n* [[Saint-Sauvant, Vienne|Saint-Sauvant]]\n* [[Saint-Savin, Vienne|Saint-Savin]]\n* [[Saint-Saviol]]\n* [[Saint-Secondin]]\n* [[Saires]]\n* [[Saix, Vienne|Saix]]\n* [[Sammarçolles]]\n* [[Sanxay]]\n* [[Saulgé]]\n* [[Savigné]]\n* [[Savigny-Lévescault]]\n* [[Savigny-sous-Faye]]\n* [[Scorbé-Clairvaux]]\n* [[Senillé-Saint-Sauveur]]\n* [[Sérigny, Vienne|Sérigny]]\n* [[Sèvres-Anxaumont]]\n* [[Sillars]]\n* [[Smarves]]\n* [[Sommières-du-Clain]]\n* [[Sossais]]\n* [[Surin, Vienne|Surin]]\n* [[Tercé]]\n* [[Ternay, Vienne|Ternay]]\n* [[Thollet]]\n* [[Thurageau]]\n* [[Thuré]]\n* [[La Trimouille]]\n* [[Les Trois-Moutiers]]\n* [[Usseau, Vienne|Usseau]]\n* [[Usson-du-Poitou]]\n* [[Valdivienne]]\n* [[Valence-en-Poitou]]\n* [[Vaux-sur-Vienne]]\n* [[Vellèches]]\n* [[Vernon, Vienne|Vernon]]\n* [[Verrières, Vienne|Verrières]]\n* [[Verrue]]\n* [[Vézières]]\n* [[Vicq-sur-Gartempe]]\n* [[Le Vigeant]]\n* [[La Villedieu-du-Clain]]\n* [[Villemort]]\n* [[Villiers, Vienne|Villiers]]\n* [[Vivonne]]\n* [[Vouillé, Vienne|Vouillé]]\n* [[Voulême]]\n* [[Voulon]]\n* [[Vouneuil-sous-Biard]]\n* [[Vouneuil-sur-Vienne]]\n* [[Vouzailles]]\n* [[Yversay]]\n\n|belowclass = hlist\n|below =\n* pref: [[Prefektur]]\n* subpr: [[Subprefektur di Prancis|Subprefektur]]\n}}\n{{doc|content={{Prancis| listclass = hlist\n| title =Templat departemen Prancis|prefix=Templat:|state=show|var=Var, Prancis}}}}\n{{Squad maintenance}}\n[[Kategori:Templat departemen Prancis|Vienne]]\n","hash":"9bf0e5b7a5da99d5eb2fc4a035758685f3f795cc0c64dd1d3500794973c2958b","last_revision":"2023-10-05T08:06:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:33:52Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:56.795630","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Plantilla:Municipis de Viena","ce":"Кеп:Вьенна департаментан коммунаш","en":"Template:Vienne communes","fa":"الگو:کمون‌های وین","gl":"Modelo:Comunas de Vienne","hu":"Sablon:Vienne","it":"Template:Dipartimento Vienne","kaa":"Úlgi:Vienne departamenti kommunaları","kk":"Үлгі:Вьенна департаментінің коммуналары","ms":"Templat:Komun Vienne","nb":"Mal:Kommuner i Vienne","oc":"Modèl:Comunas de Vinhana","ro":"Format:Comune Vienne","sco":"Template:Vienne communes","tr":"Şablon:Vienne'in belediyeleri","uk":"Шаблон:Муніципалітети департаменту В'єнна","uz":"Andoza:Vienne departamenti kommunalari","vec":"Modeło:Comuni del departemento Vienne","vi":"Bản mẫu:Xã của Vienne","war":"Batakan:Mga komyun han Vienne","zh":"Template:維埃納省市鎮"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.376457","text":"Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Vienne","translated_text":"Vienna","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Paron, Viene","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T18:35:47Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:35:47Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:56.854858","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Adriers","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T18:35:57Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:35:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:56.906298","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen 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departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T18:45:58Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:45:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:59.826521","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Cernay, Vienne","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T18:46:18Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:46:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:44:59.904706","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen 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Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T18:46:58Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:46:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:00.011492","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Ries Mulder","wikicode":"{{translation}}\n[[Berkas:Ries Mulder portret.jpg|jmpl|Ries Mulder]]\n'''Marinus (Ries) Mulder''' ([[IJsselstein]], [[1 Januari]] [[1909]] - IJsselstein, [[19 Desember]] [[1973]]) adalah seorang pelukis Belanda. Dia mengembangkan suatu gaya [[Kubisme]]. Karena dia mengajar di Indonesia, dia memiliki pengaruh besar atas seni lukis modern di Indonesia.\n\n== Periode Belanda sampai 1940 ==\nRies dibesarkan dalam keluarga dengan sepuluh anak. Setelah tiga tahun di [[HBS]] dia belajar melukis di [[Utrecht]]. Pada akhirnya ia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang pelukis. Ries magang ke pelukis Piet van Wijngaerdt. Dia juga melakukan kontak dengan [[Otto van Rees (pelukis)]], Lambert Simon dan [[Charles Eyck]]. Antara tahun 1933 dan 1939, ia membantu Charles Eyck dalam membuat beberapa lukisan dinding, termasuk lukisan dinding di biara Genazzano dari para suster Augustinian di Utrecht dan di gereja-gereja di Limburg (termasuk Sint-Hubertuskerk (Genhout). Ries juga berkontribusi pada penyerahan itu. van Charles Eyck di Pameran Dunia di Paris pada tahun 1937. Dari tahun 1936 hingga 1939, ia berpartisipasi dalam berbagai pameran kelompok yang disebut \"Pemuda Utrecht\", juga dikenal sebagai \"Sekolah Utrecht\". Banyak dari pameran ini diselenggarakan oleh Art Love Society (didirikan 1807), yang masih berlokasi di Nobelstraat 12 di Utrecht. Selama ini, Ries terutama melukis pemandangan dan benda mati. Ia juga berpameran di Consthuys Sint Pieter, Achter Sint Pieter, 16 di Utrecht. Pameran ini memiliki moto “ Seni tidak harus mahal dan tahun pertama harga sebuah karya seni maksimal 25 gulden harga dinaikkan menjadi 50 gulden pada tahun 1937. Karya Breitner, Paul Citroen, Wally Moes, Otto van Rees dan banyak lainnya dipajang. Pada pertengahan tiga puluhan ia berbagi studio di 55 Oude Gracht dengan Otto van Rees dan Gerrit Rietveld. Studio ini terletak di atas kantor penerbit majalah “Komunitas, majalah bulanan untuk Rekonstruksi Katolik”. Dari majalah ini muncul divisi “The New Community” dimana Ries membuat beberapa ilustrasi. Ia juga banyak membuat karya antara lain De Windroos 1940 (buku tahunan untuk pemuda Katolik) dan Zonnewijzer 1940 (Almanak untuk keluarga Katolik).\n\nRies Mulder familiefoto.jpg|Foto keluarga Mulder\n1937 Ries Mulder Kano bij Lek.jpg|1937 Kano di sungai Lek\n1938 Ries Mulder Stilleven met mimosa.jpg|1938 Lukisan dengan mimosa\n1940 Ries Mulder De Windroos.jpg|1940 Menggambar di Wind Rose \n\nOtto van Rees (sudah dipengaruhi oleh kubisme ) dan Charles Eyck mendorongnya untuk melanjutkan lukisan figuratifnya.\n\n== Periode Indonesia 1940-1946 ==\nTahun 1940 Ries diajak seorang sahabat membuat kunjungan penelitian di Indonesia.\nKutipan dari wawancara di Utrechts Nieuwsblad: ”Di satu sisi saya sangat ingin tahu tentang Hindia, lanskap tropis dan orang-orang di sana, di sisi lain saya suka Belanda, langitnya dan suasananya yang indah …”. 7 Februari 1940 ia berangkat dengan kapal dari Trieste, Itali. Dia mengambil empat puluh lukisan benda mati, interior, dan lanskap Limburg di Belanda. Lukisan-lukisan ini sayangnya hilang selama pendudukan Indonesia oleh Jepang.\nRies Mulder sempat tinggal di Magelang dan Jakarta. Di sini ia menerima banyak komisi potret dari keluarga kaya Cina. Dia ingin kembali setelah satu tahun, tetapi perang membuatnya tujuh tahun. Selama lima tahun ia dipenjarakan di kamp interniran Jepang Tjilatjap, Tjimahi (Cimahi) dan Pekanbaru, di mana ia bekerja sebagai perawat barak atau di rumah sakit militer. Di kamp Cimahi dia membuat banyak set panggung dari bahan sederhana.\n\n== Periode Belanda 1946-1948 ==\nPada tahun 1946 Ries kembali ke Belanda dan berbagi studio dengan [[Otto van Rees]] di Utrecht. Bersama [[Daan Wildschut]], ia kembali membantu [[Charles Eyck]], kali ini dengan pengecatan dinding dan langit-langit ''Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk'' (Helmond).Artis dan pasangan Roelof (Bahasa Belanda). Jan. 2011 in ''The Commandery Gemert'' [https://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/2011/2011-01/gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs-2/]\nSelama periode ini Ries mengembangkan gaya [[Kubisme]]nya sendiri.The Journey of Indonesian Painting: The Bentara Budaya Collection, 2008, p 71. [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4427791] [[Berkas:1950 Ries Mulder Stilleven met Fruitschaal.jpg|jmpl|1950 Stilleven met fruitschaal]]\n\n== Periode Indonesia 1948-1958 ==\nDi masa perang Ries di kamp tawanan Jepang sempat berkenalan dengan bertemu dan bersama-sama mereka membuat rencana untuk memulai pelatihan guru seni di Bandung. Akhirnya, pada tahun 1947, Simon Admiraal mendapat izin dari Pemerintah Belanda untuk memulai Kursus Universitas Guru Seni di Bandung. Pada tahun 1948 Ries diundang oleh Departemen Pendidikan. Ia mengawali kariernya sebagai guru seni lukis dan apresiasi seni rupa di Bandung. Pelatihan tersebut ditujukan bagi pelajar Indonesia yang selama ini hanya bisa pergi ke luar negeri untuk mengikuti pelatihan tersebut. Pada tahun 1950 pelatihan guru seni berubah menjadi akademi seni rupa: [[Akademi Seni Rupa Indonesia]] (ASRI). Pelatihan ini merupakan bagian dari Universitas Teknik Bandung, saat ini [[Institut Teknologi Bandung]]. Guru pendamping adalah Simon Admiraal (menggambar), Piet Pijpers (kerajinan tangan) dan Jack Zeylemaker (menggambar dekoratif). Metode pengajaran dikembangkan oleh Ries sendiri\nSelama sebelas tahun Ries tinggal di Indonesia, ia terus mengerjakan gaya khasnya. Sebelum perang ia terutama membuat lukisan figuratif dan impresionistik, tetapi karyanya sekarang menjadi semakin abstrak dan pengaruh Otto van Rees dan Charles Eyck terlihat jelas. [[Georges Braque]] dan [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] juga menginspirasinya. Subyek ditata menjadi bentuk geometris sudut, dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh garis hitam tajam (kaca patri). Periode Bandung-nya diwarnai dengan gaya modernis cole de Paris, kemudian gaya Kubisme berubah menjadi susunan kanvas geometris-abstrak yang ketat. Gayanya sangat modern dibandingkan dengan kebanyakan pelukis Belanda lainnya di Indonesia.\n\n1950 Ries Mulder Prahus in Bali.jpg|1950 Prahu di Bali\n1953 Ries Mulder Station Java.jpg|1953 Stasiun kereta api di Jawa\n1958 Ries Mulder Kerk van Bandung.jpg|1958 Gereja di Bandung\nRies Mulder Bandung.jpg|1956 Ries di sanggarnya di Bandung\n\n\nSecara alami, murid-muridnya terpengaruh oleh hal ini; Sampai saat itu, seniman Indonesia lebih banyak melukis secara kiasan, ekspresionis, atau impresionistis. \n \nRies Mulder, baik sebagai pelukis dan dosen, mulai memasukkan seni abstrak ke dalam pengajarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) pada 1950-an, sehingga melahirkan generasi seniman baru, seperti But Muchtar, [[Mochtar Apin]], Ahmad Sadali dan Rita Widagdo. Pengaruh Barat muncul dalam karya abstrak awal Indonesia.Abstract Artists Showcase Work at National Gallery Exhibition, Keeping Movement Alive. Dhania Saratika, 30.Oktober 2017, Jakartra Globe. [https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/abstract-artists-showcase-work-national-gallery-exhibition-keeping-movement-alive/] Beberapa murid Ries Mulder kemudian menjadi seniman terkenal:\n\n{{colbegin}}\n\n* [[A.D. Pirous]]A.D.Pirous: National Galeri Indonesia |http://galeri-nasional.or.id/en/artist/387-ad_pirous 1932-\n* [[Ahmad Sadali]] 1924-1987\n* [[But Muchtar]] 1930-1993\n* [[Mochtar Apin]] 1923-1995\n* [[Popo Iskandar]] 1927-2000\n* [[Srihadi Soedarsono]] 1931-\n* [[Rita Widagdo]] 1939-\n{{colend}}\n\nPengaruh Ries Mulder terhadap perkembangan seni rupa modern Indonesia sangat besar. Melalui gaya dan caranya mengajar sejarah seni rupa dan apresiasi seni rupa, para seniman muda Indonesia berkenalan dengan Barat. Bagi dunia seni konservatif Bandung, gaya ini sangat modern. Elit Belanda dan Indonesia yang berorientasi internasional sangat menghargai karya ini. Bandung sangat ingin mengikuti perkembangan internasional di bidang teknologi dan seni.\nPada tahun 1954 Ries Mulder mengadakan pameran tunggal di [[Bataviasche Kunstkring|Kunstkring Bandungse]].\n\n== Periode Belanda 1959-1973 ==\nPada tahun 1958 Sukarno memutuskan semua hubungan dengan Belanda karena Belanda menolak menyerahkan Papua Nugini kepada Indonesia. Belanda di Indonesia diberi pilihan: mengambil kewarganegaraan Indonesia atau meninggalkan negara itu. Ries Mulder memutuskan untuk kembali ke Belanda pada tahun 1959, yang membuat murid-muridnya kecewa.\nDari tahun 1959, Ries Mulder tinggal bersama tiga saudara perempuannya di rumah di Achtersloot di IJsselstein. Sulit baginya untuk kembali ke Belanda. Dia melakukan banyak perjalanan ke Dordogne, Spanyol dan Afrika Utara. Karyanya kemudian terutama terdiri dari pemandangan kota dalam warna pastel lembut, dibangun di bidang geometris dan dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh kontur hitam.\nRies Mulder meninggal pada tahun 1973 di IJsselstein.\nSetelah kematiannya, retrospeksi karyanya diadakan pada tahun 1994 di Museum Kota IJsselstein. Pada tahun 2009 beberapa lukisannya dan beberapa detail pribadinya dipamerkan di pameran \"Beyond the Dutch: Indonesia, the Netherlands and the visual arts from 1900 to present\" di Centraal Museum di Utrecht.Beyond the Dutch. Meta Knol; R Raben; Kitty Zijlmans. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam, 2009. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/beyond-the-dutch-indonesia-the-netherlands-and-the-visual-arts-from-1900-until-now/oclc/472424064]\n\n\n1965 Ries Mulder Ste. Alvere.jpg|1965 Ste. Alvere\n1967 Ries Mulder Milagros.jpg|1967 Milagros\n1971 Ries Mulder Chardaia I.jpg|1971 Chardia I\nRies Mulder Stadsgezicht.jpg|Stadsgezicht\n\n\n== Sumber ==\n* Holt, Claire, ''Art in Indonesia'', 1967 Cornell University Press 66-19222\n* Moderne Indonesische Schilderkunst, Helena Spanjaard 2003 ISBN 90-6825-303-4 Uitgeverij Uniepers\n* Beyond the Dutch, diverse auteurs 2009 ISBN 978-94-6022-056-2 KIT Publishers\n* Otto van Rees, diverse auteurs 2005 ISBN 90-400-8804-7 Uitgeverij Waanders\n* Charles Eyck, kunstenaar tussen vernieuwing en traditie, diverse auteurs 1997ISBN 90-70356-88-0 Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht\n* Arsip Utrechts Nieuwsblad\n* Arsip Keluarga Brugman-Mulder\n* http://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/53-gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n{{Commonscat|Ries Mulder}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Mulder, Ries}}\n[[Kategori:Pelukis Belanda]]\n[[Kategori:Seni di Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Dosen Institut Teknologi Bandung]]\n[[Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia asal Bandung]]\n[[Kategori:Pelukis Kubisme]]\n[[Kategori:Ekspresionisme abstrak]]","hash":"a3bc0c83f1babb852ca27d68f088ccf4c5de59408932a084970c5d0977284b30","last_revision":"2023-09-02T05:08:30Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T18:47:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:00.065814","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Ries Mulder","nl":"Ries Mulder"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.436269","text":"Marinus (Ries) Mulder (IJsselstein, 1 Januari 1909 - IJsselstein, 19 Desember 1973) adalah seorang pelukis Belanda. Dia mengembangkan suatu gaya Kubisme. Karena dia mengajar di Indonesia, dia memiliki pengaruh besar atas seni lukis modern di Indonesia.\n\nRies dibesarkan dalam keluarga dengan sepuluh anak. Setelah tiga tahun di HBS dia belajar melukis di Utrecht. Pada akhirnya ia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang pelukis. Ries magang ke pelukis Piet van Wijngaerdt. Dia juga melakukan kontak dengan Otto van Rees (pelukis), Lambert Simon dan Charles Eyck. Antara tahun 1933 dan 1939, ia membantu Charles Eyck dalam membuat beberapa lukisan dinding, termasuk lukisan dinding di biara Genazzano dari para suster Augustinian di Utrecht dan di gereja-gereja di Limburg (termasuk Sint-Hubertuskerk (Genhout). Ries juga berkontribusi pada penyerahan itu. van Charles Eyck di Pameran Dunia di Paris pada tahun 1937. Dari tahun 1936 hingga 1939, ia berpartisipasi dalam berbagai pameran kelompok yang disebut \"Pemuda Utrecht\", juga dikenal sebagai \"Sekolah Utrecht\". Banyak dari pameran ini diselenggarakan oleh Art Love Society (didirikan 1807), yang masih berlokasi di Nobelstraat 12 di Utrecht. Selama ini, Ries terutama melukis pemandangan dan benda mati. Ia juga berpameran di Consthuys Sint Pieter, Achter Sint Pieter, 16 di Utrecht. Pameran ini memiliki moto \" Seni tidak harus mahal dan tahun pertama harga sebuah karya seni maksimal 25 gulden harga dinaikkan menjadi 50 gulden pada tahun 1937. Karya Breitner, Paul Citroen, Wally Moes, Otto van Rees dan banyak lainnya dipajang. Pada pertengahan tiga puluhan ia berbagi studio di 55 Oude Gracht dengan Otto van Rees dan Gerrit Rietveld. Studio ini terletak di atas kantor penerbit majalah \"Komunitas, majalah bulanan untuk Rekonstruksi Katolik\". Dari majalah ini muncul divisi \"The New Community\" dimana Ries membuat beberapa ilustrasi. Ia juga banyak membuat karya antara lain De Windroos 1940 (buku tahunan untuk pemuda Katolik) dan Zonnewijzer 1940 (Almanak untuk keluarga Katolik).\n\nOtto van Rees (sudah dipengaruhi oleh kubisme ) dan Charles Eyck mendorongnya untuk melanjutkan lukisan figuratifnya.\n\nTahun 1940 Ries diajak seorang sahabat membuat kunjungan penelitian di Indonesia. Kutipan dari wawancara di Utrechts Nieuwsblad: \"Di satu sisi saya sangat ingin tahu tentang Hindia, lanskap tropis dan orang-orang di sana, di sisi lain saya suka Belanda, langitnya dan suasananya yang indah …\". 7 Februari 1940 ia berangkat dengan kapal dari Trieste, Itali. Dia mengambil empat puluh lukisan benda mati, interior, dan lanskap Limburg di Belanda. Lukisan-lukisan ini sayangnya hilang selama pendudukan Indonesia oleh Jepang. Ries Mulder sempat tinggal di Magelang dan Jakarta. Di sini ia menerima banyak komisi potret dari keluarga kaya Cina. Dia ingin kembali setelah satu tahun, tetapi perang membuatnya tujuh tahun. Selama lima tahun ia dipenjarakan di kamp interniran Jepang Tjilatjap, Tjimahi (Cimahi) dan Pekanbaru, di mana ia bekerja sebagai perawat barak atau di rumah sakit militer. Di kamp Cimahi dia membuat banyak set panggung dari bahan sederhana.\n\nPada tahun 1946 Ries kembali ke Belanda dan berbagi studio dengan Otto van Rees di Utrecht. Bersama Daan Wildschut, ia kembali membantu Charles Eyck, kali ini dengan pengecatan dinding dan langit-langit Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond). Selama periode ini Ries mengembangkan gaya Kubismenya sendiri.\n\nDi masa perang Ries di kamp tawanan Jepang sempat berkenalan dengan bertemu dan bersama-sama mereka membuat rencana untuk memulai pelatihan guru seni di Bandung. Akhirnya, pada tahun 1947, Simon Admiraal mendapat izin dari Pemerintah Belanda untuk memulai Kursus Universitas Guru Seni di Bandung. Pada tahun 1948 Ries diundang oleh Departemen Pendidikan. Ia mengawali kariernya sebagai guru seni lukis dan apresiasi seni rupa di Bandung. Pelatihan tersebut ditujukan bagi pelajar Indonesia yang selama ini hanya bisa pergi ke luar negeri untuk mengikuti pelatihan tersebut. Pada tahun 1950 pelatihan guru seni berubah menjadi akademi seni rupa: Akademi Seni Rupa Indonesia (ASRI). Pelatihan ini merupakan bagian dari Universitas Teknik Bandung, saat ini Institut Teknologi Bandung. Guru pendamping adalah Simon Admiraal (menggambar), Piet Pijpers (kerajinan tangan) dan Jack Zeylemaker (menggambar dekoratif). Metode pengajaran dikembangkan oleh Ries sendiri Selama sebelas tahun Ries tinggal di Indonesia, ia terus mengerjakan gaya khasnya. Sebelum perang ia terutama membuat lukisan figuratif dan impresionistik, tetapi karyanya sekarang menjadi semakin abstrak dan pengaruh Otto van Rees dan Charles Eyck terlihat jelas. Georges Braque dan Picasso juga menginspirasinya. Subyek ditata menjadi bentuk geometris sudut, dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh garis hitam tajam (kaca patri). Periode Bandung-nya diwarnai dengan gaya modernis cole de Paris, kemudian gaya Kubisme berubah menjadi susunan kanvas geometris-abstrak yang ketat. Gayanya sangat modern dibandingkan dengan kebanyakan pelukis Belanda lainnya di Indonesia.\n\nSecara alami, murid-muridnya terpengaruh oleh hal ini; Sampai saat itu, seniman Indonesia lebih banyak melukis secara kiasan, ekspresionis, atau impresionistis.\n\nRies Mulder, baik sebagai pelukis dan dosen, mulai memasukkan seni abstrak ke dalam pengajarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) pada 1950-an, sehingga melahirkan generasi seniman baru, seperti But Muchtar, Mochtar Apin, Ahmad Sadali dan Rita Widagdo. Pengaruh Barat muncul dalam karya abstrak awal Indonesia. Beberapa murid Ries Mulder kemudian menjadi seniman terkenal:\n\nA.D. Pirous 1932- Ahmad Sadali 1924-1987 But Muchtar 1930-1993 Mochtar Apin 1923-1995 Popo Iskandar 1927-2000 Srihadi Soedarsono 1931- Rita Widagdo 1939-\n\nPengaruh Ries Mulder terhadap perkembangan seni rupa modern Indonesia sangat besar. Melalui gaya dan caranya mengajar sejarah seni rupa dan apresiasi seni rupa, para seniman muda Indonesia berkenalan dengan Barat. Bagi dunia seni konservatif Bandung, gaya ini sangat modern. Elit Belanda dan Indonesia yang berorientasi internasional sangat menghargai karya ini. Bandung sangat ingin mengikuti perkembangan internasional di bidang teknologi dan seni. Pada tahun 1954 Ries Mulder mengadakan pameran tunggal di Kunstkring Bandungse.\n\nPada tahun 1958 Sukarno memutuskan semua hubungan dengan Belanda karena Belanda menolak menyerahkan Papua Nugini kepada Indonesia. Belanda di Indonesia diberi pilihan: mengambil kewarganegaraan Indonesia atau meninggalkan negara itu. Ries Mulder memutuskan untuk kembali ke Belanda pada tahun 1959, yang membuat murid-muridnya kecewa. Dari tahun 1959, Ries Mulder tinggal bersama tiga saudara perempuannya di rumah di Achtersloot di IJsselstein. Sulit baginya untuk kembali ke Belanda. Dia melakukan banyak perjalanan ke Dordogne, Spanyol dan Afrika Utara. Karyanya kemudian terutama terdiri dari pemandangan kota dalam warna pastel lembut, dibangun di bidang geometris dan dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh kontur hitam. Ries Mulder meninggal pada tahun 1973 di IJsselstein. Setelah kematiannya, retrospeksi karyanya diadakan pada tahun 1994 di Museum Kota IJsselstein. Pada tahun 2009 beberapa lukisannya dan beberapa detail pribadinya dipamerkan di pameran \"Beyond the Dutch: Indonesia, the Netherlands and the visual arts from 1900 to present\" di Centraal Museum di Utrecht.\n\nHolt, Claire, Art in Indonesia, 1967 Cornell University Press 66-19222 Moderne Indonesische Schilderkunst, Helena Spanjaard 2003 ISBN 90-6825-303-4 Uitgeverij Uniepers Beyond the Dutch, diverse auteurs 2009 ISBN 978-94-6022-056-2 KIT Publishers Otto van Rees, diverse auteurs 2005 ISBN 90-400-8804-7 Uitgeverij Waanders Charles Eyck, kunstenaar tussen vernieuwing en traditie, diverse auteurs 1997ISBN 90-70356-88-0 Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht Arsip Utrechts Nieuwsblad Arsip Keluarga Brugman-Mulder\n\nKategori:Pelukis Belanda Kategori:Seni di Indonesia Kategori:Dosen Institut Teknologi Bandung Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia asal Bandung Kategori:Pelukis Kubisme Kategori:Ekspresionisme abstrak\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Marinus (Ries) Mulder (IJsselstein, 1 Januari 1909 - IJsselstein, 19 Desember 1973) adalah seorang pelukis Belanda.","translated_text":"Marinus (Ries) Mulder (IJsselstein, 1 January 1909 - IJsselstein, 19 December 1973) was a Dutch painter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mengembangkan suatu gaya Kubisme.","translated_text":"He developed a style of Cubism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena dia mengajar di Indonesia, dia memiliki pengaruh besar atas seni lukis modern di Indonesia.","translated_text":"Since he taught in Indonesia, he had a great influence on modern painting in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Periode Belanda sampai 1940","translated_text":"Dutch period to 1940","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ries dibesarkan dalam keluarga dengan sepuluh anak.","translated_text":"Ries grew up in a family of ten children.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah tiga tahun di HBS dia belajar melukis di Utrecht.","translated_text":"After three years at HBS he studied painting in Utrecht.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhirnya ia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang pelukis.","translated_text":"Eventually he decided to become a painter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ries magang ke pelukis Piet van Wijngaerdt.","translated_text":"Ries is an apprentice to the painter Piet van Wijngaerdt.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia juga melakukan kontak dengan Otto van Rees (pelukis), Lambert Simon dan Charles Eyck.","translated_text":"He also made contact with Otto van Rees (painter), Lambert Simon and Charles Eyck.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Antara tahun 1933 dan 1939, ia membantu Charles Eyck dalam membuat beberapa lukisan dinding, termasuk lukisan dinding di biara Genazzano dari para suster Augustinian di Utrecht dan di gereja-gereja di Limburg (termasuk Sint-Hubertuskerk (Genhout).","translated_text":"Between 1933 and 1939, she assisted Charles Eyck in making several murals, including murals in the Genazzano monastery of the Augustinian sisters in Utrecht and in churches in Limburg (including Sint-Hubertuskerk (Genhout).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ries juga berkontribusi pada penyerahan itu. van Charles Eyck di Pameran Dunia di Paris pada tahun 1937.","translated_text":"Ries also contributed to the surrender. van Charles Eyck at the World's Fair in Paris in 1937.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1936 hingga 1939, ia berpartisipasi dalam berbagai pameran kelompok yang disebut \"Pemuda Utrecht\", juga dikenal sebagai \"Sekolah Utrecht\".","translated_text":"From 1936 to 1939, he participated in various group exhibitions called \"Utrecht Youth\", also known as \"Utrecht School\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyak dari pameran ini diselenggarakan oleh Art Love Society (didirikan 1807), yang masih berlokasi di Nobelstraat 12 di Utrecht.","translated_text":"Many of these exhibitions were organized by the Art Love Society (founded 1807), which is still located at Nobelstraat 12 in Utrecht.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama ini, Ries terutama melukis pemandangan dan benda mati.","translated_text":"During this time, Ries mainly painted landscapes and still lifes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga berpameran di Consthuys Sint Pieter, Achter Sint Pieter, 16 di Utrecht.","translated_text":"He also exhibited at the Consthuys Sint Pieter, Achter Sint Pieter, 16 in Utrecht.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pameran ini memiliki moto \" Seni tidak harus mahal dan tahun pertama harga sebuah karya seni maksimal 25 gulden harga dinaikkan menjadi 50 gulden pada tahun 1937.","translated_text":"The exhibition had the motto \"Art does not have to be expensive and in the first year the price of a work of art was raised to a maximum of 25 gulden in 1937.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karya Breitner, Paul Citroen, Wally Moes, Otto van Rees dan banyak lainnya dipajang.","translated_text":"The works of Breitner, Paul Citroen, Wally Moes, Otto van Rees and many others are on display.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada pertengahan tiga puluhan ia berbagi studio di 55 Oude Gracht dengan Otto van Rees dan Gerrit Rietveld.","translated_text":"In the mid-thirties he shared the studio at 55 Oude Gracht with Otto van Rees and Gerrit Rietveld.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Studio ini terletak di atas kantor penerbit majalah \"Komunitas, majalah bulanan untuk Rekonstruksi Katolik\".","translated_text":"The studio is located above the publishing office of the magazine \"Community, Monthly Magazine for Catholic Reconstruction\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari majalah ini muncul divisi \"The New Community\" dimana Ries membuat beberapa ilustrasi.","translated_text":"From this magazine came the \"The New Community\" section where Ries made some illustrations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga banyak membuat karya antara lain De Windroos 1940 (buku tahunan untuk pemuda Katolik) dan Zonnewijzer 1940 (Almanak untuk keluarga Katolik).","translated_text":"He also made many works including De Windroos 1940 (yearbook for Catholic youth) and Zonnewijzer 1940 (German for Catholic families).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Otto van Rees (sudah dipengaruhi oleh kubisme ) dan Charles Eyck mendorongnya untuk melanjutkan lukisan figuratifnya.","translated_text":"Otto van Rees (already influenced by cubism) and Charles Eyck encouraged him to continue his figurative paintings.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Periode Indonesia 1940-1946","translated_text":"The Indonesian period 1940-1946","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tahun 1940 Ries diajak seorang sahabat membuat kunjungan penelitian di Indonesia.","translated_text":"In 1940 Ries was invited by a friend to make a research visit to Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kutipan dari wawancara di Utrechts Nieuwsblad: \"Di satu sisi saya sangat ingin tahu tentang Hindia, lanskap tropis dan orang-orang di sana, di sisi lain saya suka Belanda, langitnya dan suasananya yang indah …\".","translated_text":"A quote from an interview in Utrechts Nieuwsblad: \"On the one hand I am curious about India, the tropical landscape and the people there, on the other hand I love the Netherlands, its beautiful skies and atmosphere . . \".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"7 Februari 1940 ia berangkat dengan kapal dari Trieste, Itali.","translated_text":"On 7 February 1940 she sailed from Trieste, Italy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia mengambil empat puluh lukisan benda mati, interior, dan lanskap Limburg di Belanda.","translated_text":"He took forty paintings of still lifes, interiors, and landscapes of Limburg in the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lukisan","translated_text":"Painting","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-lukisan ini sayangnya hilang selama pendudukan Indonesia oleh Jepang.","translated_text":"- This painting was unfortunately lost during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ries Mulder sempat tinggal di Magelang dan Jakarta.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder has lived in Magelang and Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sini ia menerima banyak komisi potret dari keluarga kaya Cina.","translated_text":"Here he received many portrait commissions from wealthy Chinese families.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia ingin kembali setelah satu tahun, tetapi perang membuatnya tujuh tahun.","translated_text":"He wanted to come back after a year, but the war made it seven years.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama lima tahun ia dipenjarakan di kamp interniran Jepang Tjilatjap, Tjimahi (Cimahi) dan Pekanbaru, di mana ia bekerja sebagai perawat barak atau di rumah sakit militer.","translated_text":"For five years she was imprisoned in the Japanese internment camps of Tjilatjap, Tjimahi (Cimahi) and Pekanbaru, where she worked as a barracks nurse or in a military hospital.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di kamp Cimahi dia membuat banyak set panggung dari bahan sederhana.","translated_text":"In the Cimahi camp he made many stage sets of simple materials.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Periode Belanda 1946-1948","translated_text":"Dutch period 1946-1948","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1946 Ries kembali ke Belanda dan berbagi studio dengan Otto van Rees di Utrecht.","translated_text":"In 1946 Ries returned to the Netherlands and shared a studio with Otto van Rees in Utrecht.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bersama Daan Wildschut, ia kembali membantu Charles Eyck, kali ini dengan pengecatan dinding dan langit-langit Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond).","translated_text":"With Daan Wildschut, he again assisted Charles Eyck, this time with the wall painting and ceiling of Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Artis dan pasangan Roelof (Bahasa Belanda). Jan. 2011 in ''The Commandery Gemert'' [https://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/2011/2011-01/gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs-2/]","char_index":143,"name":null,"url":"https://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/2011/2011-01/gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs-2/]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":37878,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:03.166673-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama periode ini Ries mengembangkan gaya Kubismenya sendiri.","translated_text":"During this period Ries developed his own style of Cubism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"The Journey of Indonesian Painting: The Bentara Budaya Collection, 2008, p 71. [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4427791]","char_index":62,"name":null,"url":"https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4427791]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":12903,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:06.796717-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (68 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Periode Indonesia 1948-1958","translated_text":"Period of Indonesia 1948-1958","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di masa perang Ries di kamp tawanan Jepang sempat berkenalan dengan bertemu dan bersama-sama mereka membuat rencana untuk memulai pelatihan guru seni di Bandung.","translated_text":"During the war, Ries in a Japanese prisoner of war camp met and together they made plans to start training art teachers in Bandung.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akhirnya, pada tahun 1947, Simon Admiraal mendapat izin dari Pemerintah Belanda untuk memulai Kursus Universitas Guru Seni di Bandung.","translated_text":"Finally, in 1947, Simon Admiraal obtained permission from the Dutch Government to start the Art Teacher's University Course in Bandung.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1948 Ries diundang oleh Departemen Pendidikan.","translated_text":"In 1948 Ries was invited by the Department of Education.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengawali kariernya sebagai guru seni lukis dan apresiasi seni rupa di Bandung.","translated_text":"He began his career as a teacher of painting and fine art appreciation in Bandung.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pelatihan tersebut ditujukan bagi pelajar Indonesia yang selama ini hanya bisa pergi ke luar negeri untuk mengikuti pelatihan tersebut.","translated_text":"The training is aimed at Indonesian students who have only been able to go abroad for the training.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1950 pelatihan guru seni berubah menjadi akademi seni rupa: Akademi Seni Rupa Indonesia (ASRI).","translated_text":"In 1950 art teacher training was transformed into an academy of fine arts: the Indonesian Academy of Fine Arts (ASRI).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pelatihan ini merupakan bagian dari Universitas Teknik Bandung, saat ini Institut Teknologi Bandung.","translated_text":"This training is part of the Bandung Technical University, currently the Bandung Institute of Technology.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Guru pendamping adalah Simon Admiraal (menggambar), Piet Pijpers (kerajinan tangan) dan Jack Zeylemaker (menggambar dekoratif).","translated_text":"The accompanying teachers were Simon Admiraal (painting), Piet Pijpers (craftsmanship) and Jack Zeylemaker (decorative painting).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metode pengajaran dikembangkan oleh Ries sendiri Selama sebelas tahun Ries tinggal di Indonesia, ia terus mengerjakan gaya khasnya.","translated_text":"During his eleven years living in Indonesia, Ries continued to work on his distinctive style.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum perang ia terutama membuat lukisan figuratif dan impresionistik, tetapi karyanya sekarang menjadi semakin abstrak dan pengaruh Otto van Rees dan Charles Eyck terlihat jelas.","translated_text":"Before the war he mainly painted figurative and impressionist paintings, but his work is now becoming increasingly abstract and the influence of Otto van Rees and Charles Eyck is evident.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Georges Braque dan Picasso juga menginspirasinya.","translated_text":"Georges Braque and Picasso also inspired him.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Subyek ditata menjadi bentuk geometris sudut, dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh garis hitam tajam (kaca patri).","translated_text":"Subjects are arranged into angular geometric shapes, separated from each other by sharp black lines (painted glass).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Periode Bandung-nya diwarnai dengan gaya modernis cole de Paris, kemudian gaya Kubisme berubah menjadi susunan kanvas geometris-abstrak yang ketat.","translated_text":"His Bandung period was coloured with the modernist style of the cole de Paris, then the style of Cubism transformed into a strict geometric-abstract canvas arrangement.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gayanya sangat modern dibandingkan dengan kebanyakan pelukis Belanda lainnya di Indonesia.","translated_text":"His style is very modern compared to most other Dutch painters in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Secara alami, murid-muridnya terpengaruh oleh hal ini; Sampai saat itu, seniman Indonesia lebih banyak melukis secara kiasan, ekspresionis, atau impresionistis.","translated_text":"Naturally, his disciples were influenced by this; until then, Indonesian artists painted more figuratively, expressionistically, or impressionistically.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ries Mulder, baik sebagai pelukis dan dosen, mulai memasukkan seni abstrak ke dalam pengajarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) pada 1950-an, sehingga melahirkan generasi seniman baru, seperti But Muchtar, Mochtar Apin, Ahmad Sadali dan Rita Widagdo.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder, both as a painter and lecturer, began incorporating abstract art into his teaching at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in the 1950s, thus giving birth to a new generation of artists, such as But Muchtar, Mochtar Apin, Ahmad Sadali and Rita Widagdo.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengaruh Barat muncul dalam karya abstrak awal Indonesia.","translated_text":"Western influences appeared in early Indonesian abstract works.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Abstract Artists Showcase Work at National Gallery Exhibition, Keeping Movement Alive. Dhania Saratika, 30.Oktober 2017, Jakartra Globe. [https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/abstract-artists-showcase-work-national-gallery-exhibition-keeping-movement-alive/]","char_index":57,"name":null,"url":"https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/abstract-artists-showcase-work-national-gallery-exhibition-keeping-movement-alive/]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:07.949226-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa murid Ries Mulder kemudian menjadi seniman terkenal:","translated_text":"Some of Ries Mulder's pupils later became famous artists:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"A.D. Pirous 1932- Ahmad Sadali 1924-1987 But Muchtar 1930-1993 Mochtar Apin 1923-1995 Popo Iskandar 1927-2000 Srihadi Soedarsono 1931- Rita Widagdo 1939-","translated_text":"A.D. Pirous 1932- Ahmad Sadali 1924-1987 But Muchtar 1930-1993 Mochtar Apin 1923-1995 Popo Iskandar 1927-2000 Srihadi Soedarsono 1931- Rita Widagdo 1939-","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"A.D.Pirous: National Galeri Indonesia |http://galeri-nasional.or.id/en/artist/387-ad_pirous","char_index":11,"name":null,"url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/en/artist/387-ad_pirous","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:09.048956-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengaruh Ries Mulder terhadap perkembangan seni rupa modern Indonesia sangat besar.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder's influence on the development of modern Indonesian fine art was enormous.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Melalui gaya dan caranya mengajar sejarah seni rupa dan apresiasi seni rupa, para seniman muda Indonesia berkenalan dengan Barat.","translated_text":"Through the style and manner of teaching the history of fine art and appreciation of fine art, young Indonesian artists became acquainted with the West.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagi dunia seni konservatif Bandung, gaya ini sangat modern.","translated_text":"For the conservative art world of Bandung, this style is very modern.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Elit Belanda dan Indonesia yang berorientasi internasional sangat menghargai karya ini.","translated_text":"The Dutch and Indonesian elites with an international orientation greatly appreciated this work.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bandung sangat ingin mengikuti perkembangan internasional di bidang teknologi dan seni.","translated_text":"Bandung is keen to keep up with international developments in technology and art.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1954 Ries Mulder mengadakan pameran tunggal di Kunstkring Bandungse.","translated_text":"In 1954 Ries Mulder held a solo exhibition at the Kunstkring Bandungse.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Periode Belanda 1959-1973","translated_text":"The Dutch period 1959-1973","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1958 Sukarno memutuskan semua hubungan dengan Belanda karena Belanda menolak menyerahkan Papua Nugini kepada Indonesia.","translated_text":"In 1958 Sukarno severed all ties with the Netherlands because the Netherlands refused to hand over Papua New Guinea to Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Belanda di Indonesia diberi pilihan: mengambil kewarganegaraan Indonesia atau meninggalkan negara itu.","translated_text":"The Dutch in Indonesia were given a choice: take Indonesian citizenship or leave the country.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ries Mulder memutuskan untuk kembali ke Belanda pada tahun 1959, yang membuat murid-muridnya kecewa.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder decided to return to the Netherlands in 1959, which disappointed his students.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1959, Ries Mulder tinggal bersama tiga saudara perempuannya di rumah di Achtersloot di IJsselstein.","translated_text":"From 1959, Ries Mulder lived with her three sisters in the house at Achtersloot in IJsselstein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sulit baginya untuk kembali ke Belanda.","translated_text":"It's hard for him to go back to the Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia melakukan banyak perjalanan ke Dordogne, Spanyol dan Afrika Utara.","translated_text":"He traveled extensively to Dordogne, Spain and North Africa.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karyanya kemudian terutama terdiri dari pemandangan kota dalam warna pastel lembut, dibangun di bidang geometris dan dipisahkan satu sama lain oleh kontur hitam.","translated_text":"His later work mainly consisted of city scenes in soft pastel colors, built on geometric planes and separated from each other by black contours.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ries Mulder meninggal pada tahun 1973 di IJsselstein.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder died in 1973 in IJsselstein.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah kematiannya, retrospeksi karyanya diadakan pada tahun 1994 di Museum Kota IJsselstein.","translated_text":"After his death, a retrospective of his work was held in 1994 at the IJsselstein City Museum.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2009 beberapa lukisannya dan beberapa detail pribadinya dipamerkan di pameran \"Beyond the Dutch: Indonesia, the Netherlands and the visual arts from 1900 to present\" di Centraal Museum di Utrecht.","translated_text":"In 2009 some of his paintings and some personal details were exhibited in the exhibition \"Beyond the Dutch: Indonesia, the Netherlands and the visual arts from 1900 to present\" at the Centraal Museum in Utrecht.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Beyond the Dutch. Meta Knol; R Raben; Kitty Zijlmans. KIT Publishers, Amsterdam, 2009. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/beyond-the-dutch-indonesia-the-netherlands-and-the-visual-arts-from-1900-until-now/oclc/472424064]","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":"https://www.worldcat.org/title/beyond-the-dutch-indonesia-the-netherlands-and-the-visual-arts-from-1900-until-now/oclc/472424064]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8789,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:13.261047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sumber","translated_text":"The Source","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Holt, Claire, Art in Indonesia, 1967 Cornell University Press 66-19222 Moderne Indonesische Schilderkunst, Helena Spanjaard 2003 ISBN 90-6825-303-4 Uitgeverij Uniepers Beyond the Dutch, diverse auteurs 2009 ISBN 978-94-6022-056-2 KIT Publishers Otto van Rees, diverse auteurs 2005 ISBN 90-400-8804-7 Uitgeverij Waanders Charles Eyck, kunstenaar tussen vernieuwing en traditie, diverse auteurs 1997ISBN 90-70356-88-0 Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht Arsip Utrechts Nieuwsblad Arsip Keluarga Brugman-Mulder","translated_text":"Holt, Claire, Art in Indonesia, 1967 Cornell University Press 66-19222 Moderne Indonesische Schilderkunst, Helena Spanjaard 2003 ISBN 90-6825-303-4 Uitgeverij Uniepers Beyond the Dutch, various authors 2009 ISBN 978-94-6022-056-2 KIT Publishers Otto van Rees, various authors 2005 ISBN 90-400-8804-7 Uitgeverij Waanders Charles Eyck, kunstenaar tussen vernieuwing en traditie, various authors 1997 ISBN 90-70356-88-0 Stichting Historische Reeks Maastricht","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pelukis Belanda Kategori:Seni di Indonesia Kategori:Dosen Institut Teknologi Bandung Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia Kategori:Pelukis Indonesia asal Bandung Kategori:Pelukis Kubisme Kategori:Ekspresionisme abstrak","translated_text":"Dutch painters Category:Arts in Indonesia Category:Dosen of the Bandung Institute of Technology Category:Indonesian painters Category:Indonesian painters from Bandung Category:Cubist painters Category:Abstract expressionism","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1946 Ries kembali ke Belanda dan berbagi studio dengan Otto van Rees di Utrecht. Bersama Daan Wildschut, ia kembali membantu Charles Eyck, kali ini dengan pengecatan dinding dan langit-langit Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond).","translated_text":"In 1946 Ries returned to the Netherlands and shared a studio with Otto van Rees in Utrecht. With Daan Wildschut, he again assisted Charles Eyck, this time with the wall painting and ceiling of Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond).","citations":[{"content":"Artis dan pasangan Roelof (Bahasa Belanda). Jan. 2011 in ''The Commandery Gemert'' [https://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/2011/2011-01/gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs-2/]","char_index":235,"name":null,"url":"https://www.heemkundekringgemert.nl/gemerts-heem/2011/2011-01/gh-2011-01-kunstenaars-en-het-echtpaar-roelofs-2/]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":37878,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:03.166673-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (23 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1946 Ries kembali ke Belanda dan berbagi studio dengan Otto van Rees di Utrecht. Bersama Daan Wildschut, ia kembali membantu Charles Eyck, kali ini dengan pengecatan dinding dan langit-langit Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond). Selama periode ini Ries mengembangkan gaya Kubismenya sendiri.","translated_text":"In 1946 Ries returned to the Netherlands and shared a studio with Otto van Rees in Utrecht. With Daan Wildschut, he again assisted Charles Eyck, this time with the wall painting and ceiling of Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk (Helmond). During this period Ries developed his own style of Cubism.","citations":[{"content":"The Journey of Indonesian Painting: The Bentara Budaya Collection, 2008, p 71. [https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4427791]","char_index":298,"name":null,"url":"https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/4427791]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":12903,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:06.796717-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (68 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ries Mulder, baik sebagai pelukis dan dosen, mulai memasukkan seni abstrak ke dalam pengajarannya di Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) pada 1950-an, sehingga melahirkan generasi seniman baru, seperti But Muchtar, Mochtar Apin, Ahmad Sadali dan Rita Widagdo. Pengaruh Barat muncul dalam karya abstrak awal Indonesia.","translated_text":"Ries Mulder, both as a painter and lecturer, began incorporating abstract art into his teaching at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) in the 1950s, thus giving birth to a new generation of artists, such as But Muchtar, Mochtar Apin, Ahmad Sadali and Rita Widagdo. Western influences appeared in early Indonesian abstract works.","citations":[{"content":"Abstract Artists Showcase Work at National Gallery Exhibition, Keeping Movement Alive. Dhania Saratika, 30.Oktober 2017, Jakartra Globe. [https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/abstract-artists-showcase-work-national-gallery-exhibition-keeping-movement-alive/]","char_index":314,"name":null,"url":"https://jakartaglobe.id/culture/abstract-artists-showcase-work-national-gallery-exhibition-keeping-movement-alive/]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:07.949226-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"A.D. Pirous 1932- Ahmad Sadali 1924-1987 But Muchtar 1930-1993 Mochtar Apin 1923-1995 Popo Iskandar 1927-2000 Srihadi Soedarsono 1931- Rita Widagdo 1939-","translated_text":"A.D. 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\n| image_size = \n| caption = \n| date = {{start date|df=yes|2014|04|14}}\n| time = \n| place = [[Chibok]], [[Borno]], [[Nigeria]]\n| coordinates = {{coord|10.865833|12.846944|display=inline,title}}\n| also known as = \n| cause =\n| first reporter = \n| filmed by = \n| participants = \n| outcome = 200 siswi diculik oleh militan Islam\n| reported deaths = \n| reported injuries = \n| reported missing = \n| reported property damage = \n| burial = \n| inquiries = \n| inquest = \n| coroner = \n| suspects = [[Boko Haram]]\n| accused =\n| convicted = \n| charges = \n| verdict = \n| convictions = \n| publication bans = \n| litigation = \n| awards = \n| url = \n| blank_label = \n| blank_data = \n| blank1_label = \n| blank1_data = \n| blank2_label = \n| blank2_data = \n| website = \n| notes = \n}}\n'''Penculikan Chibok''' terjadi pada tanggal 14 April 2014, ketika lebih dari 200 siswi diculik dari sebuah Sekolah Menengah Pemerintah di kota [[Chibok]], [[Borno]], [[Nigeria]]. Penculikan ini diduga dilakukan oleh kelompok militan [[Boko Haram]], organisasi teroris [[Jihad]] yang berbasis di Nigeria timur laut.\n\n== Latar Belakang ==\nKelompok pemberontak [[Boko Haram]] menentang pembaratan akan warga Nigeria. Ini adalah alasan utama mengapa Boko Haram terus melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan kriminal di Nigeria. Ribuan warga telah dibunuh oleh aksi-aksi mereka. Pemerintah federal Nigeria telah menyatakan keadaan darurat di Borno pada bulan Mei 2013 untuk melawan aksi pemberontakan ini. Tindakan keras yang diambil pemerintah menghasilkan beberapa penculikan dan pembunuhan akan anggota-anggota Boko Haram. Beberapa yang berhasil lolos melarikan diri ke desa-desa di mana mereka mentarget para penduduk. Akan tetapi tindakan pemerintah ini gagal untuk menekan angka kriminal yang dilakukan oleh Boko Haram.\n\nSejak 2010, Boko Haram mentarget sekolah-sekolah dan telah membunuh ratusan murid-murid.\n\n== Penculikan ==\n[[Berkas:Parents of Chibok kidnapping victims.png|jmpl|]]\n\nPada tanggal 15 April 2014, sekelompok militan menyerang Sekolah Menengah Putri milik pemerintah di Chibok, Nigeria. Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga.{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing|title=88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing|author=Associated Press|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}} Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan [[Sambisa]].{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}} Rumah warga di Chibok juga dibakar dalam insiden tersebut. Sekolah ditutup selama empat minggu sebelum penculikan terjadi karena situasi keamanan yang semakin memburuk,{{cite news|title=230 schoolgirls still missing after Boko Haram raid|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/04/22/230-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-boko-haram-raid|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=[[Times Live]]|date=22 April 2014}} tetapi para siswi tetap bersekolah untuk mengikuti ujian akhir fisika pada hari kejadian.\n\nLaporan awal menyebutkan sebanyak 85 siswi diculik dalam insiden tersebut. Pada tanggal 19-20 April, pihak militer mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan lebih dari 100 dari 129 gadis yang diculik telah dibebaskan. Namun, pernyataan itu ditarik kembali, dan pada tanggal 21 April, para orang tua melaporkan bahwa 234 putrinya menghilang.{{cite news|title=Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls|date=21 April 2014|work=USA Today|author=Oren Dorell|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/|accessdate=23 April 2014}} Sekitar 30 sampai 50 orang siswi berhasil kabur dari para penculik.{{cite news|title=Chibok abductions in Nigeria: 'More than 230 seized'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27101714|accessdate=26 April 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=21 April 2014}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist|2}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{commonscat|2014 Chibok kidnapping}}\n* {{cite news|title=Nigerian school principal says 230 girls missing after abduction|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/nigerian-school-principal-says-230-girls-missing-after-abduction-20140423-zqxys.html|newspaper=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]}}\n* {{cite news|title=More than 200 Nigerian students still missing after mass abduction from Chibok secondary school|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/more-than-200-nigerian-students-still-missing-after-mass-abduction-from-chibok-secondary-school/story-fndir2ev-1226893054937|newspaper=[[News Corp Australia]]|access-date=2014-04-27|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428053230/http://www.news.com.au/world/more-than-200-nigerian-students-still-missing-after-mass-abduction-from-chibok-secondary-school/story-fndir2ev-1226893054937|dead-url=yes}}\n\n[[Kategori:Nigeria dalam tahun 2014]]\n[[Kategori:Boko Haram]]\n[[Kategori:Penculikan]]","hash":"fe72ed8456e3b82b11a2b22d0b8c41f14ce814706a90ab9221a6ab39ab85c90a","last_revision":"2021-12-29T07:24:12Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T19:04:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:03.153798","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"اختطاف تشيبوك","ca":"Segrest de les estudiants de Chibok","cs":"Únos školaček z Chiboku","cy":"Herwgipio merched ysgol Chibok, 2014","de":"Massenentführung nigerianischer Schülerinnen 2014","en":"Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping","es":"Secuestro de Chibok","eu":"Chibokeko bahiketa","fa":"آدم‌ربایی دانش‌آموزان دختر چیبوک","fi":"Koulutyttöjen sieppaus Nigeriassa","fr":"Enlèvement des lycéennes de Chibok","he":"חטיפת הנערות בניגריה","hi":"चिबोक छात्रा अपहरण","it":"Rapimento delle studentesse a Chibok","ja":"ナイジェリア生徒拉致事件","ko":"2014년 치복 납치 사건","lt":"2014 m. Čiboko pagrobimai","nl":"Massaontvoering van schoolmeisjes in Nigeria op 15 april 2014","pt":"Sequestro das alunas de Chibok","ru":"Массовое похищение в Чибоке","si":"2014 චිබොක් පැහැරගැනීම","sv":"Kidnappningen av skolflickor i Nigeria 2014","uk":"Масове викрадення в Чибоці","ur":"نائجیریا میں طالبات اغوا کا سانحہ","zh":"奇博克女学生遭绑架事件"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.489795","text":"Penculikan Chibok terjadi pada tanggal 14 April 2014, ketika lebih dari 200 siswi diculik dari sebuah Sekolah Menengah Pemerintah di kota Chibok, Borno, Nigeria. Penculikan ini diduga dilakukan oleh kelompok militan Boko Haram, organisasi teroris Jihad yang berbasis di Nigeria timur laut.\n\nKelompok pemberontak Boko Haram menentang pembaratan akan warga Nigeria. Ini adalah alasan utama mengapa Boko Haram terus melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan kriminal di Nigeria. Ribuan warga telah dibunuh oleh aksi-aksi mereka. Pemerintah federal Nigeria telah menyatakan keadaan darurat di Borno pada bulan Mei 2013 untuk melawan aksi pemberontakan ini. Tindakan keras yang diambil pemerintah menghasilkan beberapa penculikan dan pembunuhan akan anggota-anggota Boko Haram. Beberapa yang berhasil lolos melarikan diri ke desa-desa di mana mereka mentarget para penduduk. Akan tetapi tindakan pemerintah ini gagal untuk menekan angka kriminal yang dilakukan oleh Boko Haram.\n\nSejak 2010, Boko Haram mentarget sekolah-sekolah dan telah membunuh ratusan murid-murid.\n\nPada tanggal 15 April 2014, sekelompok militan menyerang Sekolah Menengah Putri milik pemerintah di Chibok, Nigeria. Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga. Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan Sambisa. Rumah warga di Chibok juga dibakar dalam insiden tersebut. Sekolah ditutup selama empat minggu sebelum penculikan terjadi karena situasi keamanan yang semakin memburuk, tetapi para siswi tetap bersekolah untuk mengikuti ujian akhir fisika pada hari kejadian.\n\nLaporan awal menyebutkan sebanyak 85 siswi diculik dalam insiden tersebut. Pada tanggal 19-20 April, pihak militer mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan lebih dari 100 dari 129 gadis yang diculik telah dibebaskan. Namun, pernyataan itu ditarik kembali, dan pada tanggal 21 April, para orang tua melaporkan bahwa 234 putrinya menghilang. Sekitar 30 sampai 50 orang siswi berhasil kabur dari para penculik.\n\nKategori:Nigeria dalam tahun 2014 Kategori:Boko Haram Kategori:Penculikan\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox event\n| title = Penculikan Chibok 2014\n| image = \n| image_size = \n| caption = \n| date = {{start date|df=yes|2014|04|14}}\n| time = \n| place = [[Chibok]], [[Borno]], [[Nigeria]]\n| coordinates = {{coord|10.865833|12.846944|display=inline,title}}\n| also known as = \n| cause =\n| first reporter = \n| filmed by = \n| participants = \n| outcome = 200 siswi diculik oleh militan Islam\n| reported deaths = \n| reported injuries = \n| reported missing = \n| reported property damage = \n| burial = \n| inquiries = \n| inquest = \n| coroner = \n| suspects = [[Boko Haram]]\n| accused =\n| convicted = \n| charges = \n| verdict = \n| convictions = \n| publication bans = \n| litigation = \n| awards = \n| url = \n| blank_label = \n| blank_data = \n| blank1_label = \n| blank1_data = \n| blank2_label = \n| blank2_data = \n| website = \n| notes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penculikan Chibok terjadi pada tanggal 14 April 2014, ketika lebih dari 200 siswi diculik dari sebuah Sekolah Menengah Pemerintah di kota Chibok, Borno, Nigeria.","translated_text":"The Chibok kidnapping took place on April 14, 2014, when more than 200 students were abducted from a Government High School in the city of Chibok, Borno, Nigeria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penculikan ini diduga dilakukan oleh kelompok militan Boko Haram, organisasi teroris Jihad yang berbasis di Nigeria timur laut.","translated_text":"The kidnapping was allegedly carried out by the militant group Boko Haram, a jihadist terrorist organization based in northeastern Nigeria.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Latar Belakang","translated_text":"Background","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelompok pemberontak Boko Haram menentang pembaratan akan warga Nigeria.","translated_text":"The Boko Haram rebel group opposes the ban on Nigerians.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini adalah alasan utama mengapa Boko Haram terus melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan kriminal di Nigeria.","translated_text":"This is the main reason why Boko Haram continues to carry out criminal activities in Nigeria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ribuan warga telah dibunuh oleh aksi-aksi mereka.","translated_text":"Thousands of citizens have been killed by their actions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintah federal Nigeria telah menyatakan keadaan darurat di Borno pada bulan Mei 2013 untuk melawan aksi pemberontakan ini.","translated_text":"The federal government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency in Borno in May 2013 to combat this insurgency.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tindakan keras yang diambil pemerintah menghasilkan beberapa penculikan dan pembunuhan akan anggota-anggota Boko Haram.","translated_text":"The government's crackdown has resulted in several kidnappings and murders of Boko Haram members.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa yang berhasil lolos melarikan diri ke desa-desa di mana mereka mentarget para penduduk.","translated_text":"Some who managed to escape fled to villages where they targeted the inhabitants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akan tetapi tindakan pemerintah ini gagal untuk menekan angka kriminal yang dilakukan oleh Boko Haram.","translated_text":"But this government action has failed to suppress the number of crimes committed by Boko Haram.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejak 2010, Boko Haram mentarget sekolah-sekolah dan telah membunuh ratusan murid-murid.","translated_text":"Since 2010, Boko Haram has targeted schools and killed hundreds of students.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penculikan","translated_text":"Kidnapping","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 15 April 2014, sekelompok militan menyerang Sekolah Menengah Putri milik pemerintah di Chibok, Nigeria.","translated_text":"On April 15, 2014, a group of militants attacked a government-owned Girls' High School in Chibok, Nigeria.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga.","translated_text":"They broke into the school and shot the guards.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing|title=88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing|author=Associated Press|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":60,"name":"GuardApr19","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":337639,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.142855-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9384765625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan Sambisa.","translated_text":"A number of students were taken by truck, allegedly into the Sambisa forest.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":77,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rumah warga di Chibok juga dibakar dalam insiden tersebut.","translated_text":"Residents' homes in Chibok were also burned in the incident.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":58,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekolah ditutup selama empat minggu sebelum penculikan terjadi karena situasi keamanan yang semakin memburuk, tetapi para siswi tetap bersekolah untuk mengikuti ujian akhir fisika pada hari kejadian.","translated_text":"The school was closed for four weeks before the kidnapping occurred due to worsening security conditions, but the students remained in school to take the final physics exam on the day of the incident.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|title=230 schoolgirls still missing after Boko Haram raid|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/04/22/230-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-boko-haram-raid|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=[[Times Live]]|date=22 April 2014}}","char_index":109,"name":null,"url":"http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/04/22/230-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-boko-haram-raid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":85430,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.907777-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93212890625},{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":199,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Laporan awal menyebutkan sebanyak 85 siswi diculik dalam insiden tersebut.","translated_text":"Initial reports said as many as 85 students were abducted in the incident.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 19-20 April, pihak militer mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan lebih dari 100 dari 129 gadis yang diculik telah dibebaskan.","translated_text":"On April 19-20, the military issued a statement saying that more than 100 of the 129 girls abducted had been released.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, pernyataan itu ditarik kembali, dan pada tanggal 21 April, para orang tua melaporkan bahwa 234 putrinya menghilang.","translated_text":"However, the statement was withdrawn, and on April 21, the parents reported that 234 of their daughters were missing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|title=Terrorists kidnap more than 200 Nigerian girls|date=21 April 2014|work=USA Today|author=Oren Dorell|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":122,"name":"USAToday","url":"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/04/21/parents-234-girls-kidnapped-from-nigeria-school/7958307/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":182017,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:17.051104-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.923828125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 30 sampai 50 orang siswi berhasil kabur dari para penculik.","translated_text":"About 30 to 50 students managed to escape from the kidnappers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|title=Chibok abductions in Nigeria: 'More than 230 seized'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27101714|accessdate=26 April 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=21 April 2014}}","char_index":67,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27101714","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":290134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:17.515661-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88818359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Nigeria dalam tahun 2014 Kategori:Boko Haram Kategori:Penculikan","translated_text":"Category:Nigeria in 2014 Category:Boko Haram Category:Kidnapping","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada tanggal 15 April 2014, sekelompok militan menyerang Sekolah Menengah Putri milik pemerintah di Chibok, Nigeria. Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga.","translated_text":"On April 15, 2014, a group of militants attacked a government-owned Girls' High School in Chibok, Nigeria. They broke into the school and shot the guards.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing|title=88 Nigerian schoolgirls abducted by Islamic extremists still missing|author=Associated Press|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":177,"name":"GuardApr19","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/88-nigerian-schoolgirls-abducted-by-islamic-extremists-still-missing","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":337639,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.142855-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9384765625}]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 15 April 2014, sekelompok militan menyerang Sekolah Menengah Putri milik pemerintah di Chibok, Nigeria. Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga. Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan Sambisa.","translated_text":"On April 15, 2014, a group of militants attacked a government-owned Girls' High School in Chibok, Nigeria. They broke into the school and shot the guards. A number of students were taken by truck, allegedly into the Sambisa forest.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":255,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}]},{"text":"Mereka menerobos ke dalam sekolah dan menembak para penjaga. Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan Sambisa. Rumah warga di Chibok juga dibakar dalam insiden tersebut.","translated_text":"They broke into the school and shot the guards. A number of students were taken by truck, allegedly into the Sambisa forest. Residents' homes in Chibok were also burned in the incident.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":197,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}]},{"text":"Sejumlah siswi dibawa pergi dengan menggunakan truk, diduga ke hutan Sambisa. Rumah warga di Chibok juga dibakar dalam insiden tersebut. Sekolah ditutup selama empat minggu sebelum penculikan terjadi karena situasi keamanan yang semakin memburuk, tetapi para siswi tetap bersekolah untuk mengikuti ujian akhir fisika pada hari kejadian.","translated_text":"A number of students were taken by truck, allegedly into the Sambisa forest. Residents' homes in Chibok were also burned in the incident. The school was closed for four weeks before the kidnapping occurred due to worsening security conditions, but the students remained in school to take the final physics exam on the day of the incident.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|title=230 schoolgirls still missing after Boko Haram raid|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/04/22/230-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-boko-haram-raid|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=[[Times Live]]|date=22 April 2014}}","char_index":246,"name":null,"url":"http://www.timeslive.co.za/africa/2014/04/22/230-schoolgirls-still-missing-after-boko-haram-raid","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":85430,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.907777-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.93212890625},{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy|title=200 girls are missing in Nigeria – so why doesn't anybody care?|author=Anne Perkins|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 April 2014|accessdate=23 April 2014}}","char_index":336,"name":"GuardApr23","url":"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/23/200-girls-missing-nigeria-care-sewol-tragedy","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":287502,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:14.668239-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92822265625}]},{"text":"Laporan awal menyebutkan sebanyak 85 siswi diculik dalam insiden tersebut. Pada tanggal 19-20 April, pihak militer mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan lebih dari 100 dari 129 gadis yang diculik telah dibebaskan. Namun, pernyataan itu ditarik kembali, dan pada tanggal 21 April, para orang tua melaporkan bahwa 234 putrinya menghilang.","translated_text":"Initial reports said as many as 85 students were abducted in the incident. On April 19-20, the military issued a statement saying that more than 100 of the 129 girls abducted had been released. 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Namun, pernyataan itu ditarik kembali, dan pada tanggal 21 April, para orang tua melaporkan bahwa 234 putrinya menghilang. Sekitar 30 sampai 50 orang siswi berhasil kabur dari para penculik.","translated_text":"On April 19-20, the military issued a statement saying that more than 100 of the 129 girls abducted had been released. However, the statement was withdrawn, and on April 21, the parents reported that 234 of their daughters were missing. About 30 to 50 students managed to escape from the kidnappers.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|title=Chibok abductions in Nigeria: 'More than 230 seized'|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27101714|accessdate=26 April 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=21 April 2014}}","char_index":331,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27101714","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":290134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:17.515661-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.88818359375}]}]} +{"title":"Adriansyah","wikicode":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n|name = {{PAGENAME}}\n|image = \n|imagesize =\n|caption = \n|office = Bupati Tanah Laut\n|order = \n|term_start = [[2003]] \n|term_end = [[2013]]\n|predecessor = [[Danche R. Arsa]]\n|successor = H. [[Bambang Alamsyah]], ST\n|appointed = \n|lieutenant = \n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|10|7|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Ampah Kota, Dusun Tengah, Barito Timur|Ampah]], [[Provinsi Kalimantan]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|party = \n|spouse = \n|relations = \n|children = \n|alma_mater = \n|occupation = \n|profession = \n|religion = [[Islam]]\n|signature = \n|website = \n|footnotes = \n}}\n'''Drs. H. Adriansyah''' ({{lahirmati|[[Ampah Kota, Dusun Tengah, Barito Timur|Ampah]], [[Provinsi Kalimantan]]|7|10|1954}}) adalah mantan [[Daftar Bupati Tanah Laut|Bupati Tanah Laut]] yang menjabat dua periode, yaitu 2003–2008 dan 2008-2013. Ia juga merupakan ketua DPD [[PDIP]] [[Kalimantan Selatan]].\n\n== Karier ==\n\n* Mantan Bupati Tanah Laut selama 2 periode\n* Ketua DPD [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan|PDIP]] Kalimantan Selatan\n* Ketua DPC PDIP Tanah Laut\n* Ketua AMPI Kab. Banjar\n* Ketua [[Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia|KNPI]] Kab. Banjar\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.beritasatu.com/pages/pemilu2014/caleg-dpr.php?act=profil&idcaleg=2090 Profil Caleg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428004324/http://www.beritasatu.com/pages/pemilu2014/caleg-dpr.php?act=profil&idcaleg=2090 |date=2014-04-28 }}\n\n{{kotak mulai}}\n{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Bupati Tanah Laut]]|tahun=2003-2013|pendahulu=[[Danche R. 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Indonesia\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| nationality = \n| party = [[Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]]\n| otherparty = [[Partai Bulan Bintang|PBB]] (hingga 2013)\n| spouse = \n| relations = Kherunisah\n| children = 3\n| alma_mater = \n| occupation = [[Politikus]]\n| profession = \n| signature = \n| website = \n| footnotes = \n}}\n[[Doktorandus|Drs.]] [[Haji|H.]] '''Saiful Rasyid''', [[Magister Manajemen|M.M.]] ({{lahirmati|[[Barabai]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]]|2|11|1952}}) adalah seorang politikus Indonesia. Saat ini ia menjabat sebagai Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|DPR-RI]] sejak 2014 mewakili daerah pemilihan [[Kalimantan Selatan I (daerah pemilihan)|Kalimantan Selatan I]]. Sebelum menjadi anggota [[DPR-RI]], ia pernah menjabat sebagai [[Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah]] dari 2005 hingga 2010. Saiful merupakan kader [[Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya]] dan duduk di [[Komisi VIII Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|Komisi VIII]].[https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191030063226-4-111185/catat-ini-daftar-anggota-dpr-ri-di-komisi-i-hingga-komisi-xi Catat! Ini Daftar Anggota DPR RI di Komisi I hingga Komisi XI], diakses 30 September 2021.\n\n== Karier ==\n* Ketua DPW [[Partai Bulan Bintang]] Kalimantan Selatan (2010–2013), mengundurkan diri pada 1 Februari 2013\n* Ahli Andalan Pengurus KTNA Kalimantan Selatan (2005–2010)\n* [[Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah]] (2000–2010)\n* Anggota DPR-RI (2014–sekarang)\n** Anggota [[Komisi VIII Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|Komisi VIII]] (2014–sekarang)\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{kotak mulai}}\n{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah]]|pendahulu=[[Gusti Hasan Aman]]|pengganti=[[Harun Nurasid]]|tahun=2000–2010}}\n{{kotak selesai}}\n\n{{Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dari Kalimantan Selatan, 2019 |state=collapsed}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Banjar]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Tengah]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Partai Bulan Bintang]]\n[[Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019]]\n[[Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2019–2024]]\n\n\n{{anggota-dpr-stub}}","hash":"aeb8738e32d2cd8d27613feb9304801535db743c48dbf3af8ee399d1b169a78e","last_revision":"2024-01-20T01:51:28Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T19:24:17Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:07.134719","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Drs. H. Saiful Rasyid, M.M. () adalah seorang politikus Indonesia. Saat ini ia menjabat sebagai Anggota DPR-RI sejak 2014 mewakili daerah pemilihan Kalimantan Selatan I. Sebelum menjadi anggota DPR-RI, ia pernah menjabat sebagai Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah dari 2005 hingga 2010. Saiful merupakan kader Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya dan duduk di Komisi VIII.\n\nKetua DPW Partai Bulan Bintang Kalimantan Selatan (2010–2013), mengundurkan diri pada 1 Februari 2013 Ahli Andalan Pengurus KTNA Kalimantan Selatan (2005–2010) Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah (2000–2010) Anggota DPR-RI (2014–sekarang) Anggota Komisi VIII (2014–sekarang)\n\nKategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Tengah Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya Kategori:Politikus Partai Bulan Bintang Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019 Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2019–2024\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Officeholder\n| honorific-prefix = \n| name = {{PAGENAME}}\n| honorific-suffix = \n| image = Saiful_Rasyid.jpg\n| image_size = 220px\n| caption = \n| office = Anggota [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat]]\n| term_start = 1 Oktober 2014\n| term_end =\n| constituency = [[Kalimantan Selatan I (daerah pemilihan)|Kalimantan Selatan I]]\n| predecessor = \n| successor =\n| office1 = Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah\n| order1 = ke-9\n| term_start1 = 2000\n| term_end1 = 2010\n| lieutenant1 = Iriansyah (2005–2010)\n| predecessor1 = [[Gusti Hasan Aman]]\n| successor1 = [[Harun Nurasid]]\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1952|11|2|mf=y}}\n| birth_place = [[Barabai]], [[Kalimantan (provinsi)|Kalimantan]], Indonesia\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| nationality = \n| party = [[Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya|Gerindra]]\n| otherparty = [[Partai Bulan Bintang|PBB]] (hingga 2013)\n| spouse = \n| relations = Kherunisah\n| children = 3\n| alma_mater = \n| occupation = [[Politikus]]\n| profession = \n| signature = \n| website = \n| footnotes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Drs. H. Saiful Rasyid, M.M. () adalah seorang politikus Indonesia.","translated_text":"Drs. H. Saiful Rasyid, M.M. () was an Indonesian politician.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini ia menjabat sebagai Anggota DPR-RI sejak 2014 mewakili daerah pemilihan Kalimantan Selatan I. Sebelum menjadi anggota DPR-RI, ia pernah menjabat sebagai Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah dari 2005 hingga 2010.","translated_text":"He is currently serving as a Member of the House of Representatives since 2014 representing the electoral district of South Kalimantan I. Prior to becoming a member of the House of Representatives, he had served as Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah from 2005 to 2010.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saiful merupakan kader Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya dan duduk di Komisi VIII.","translated_text":"Saiful is a cadre of the Greater Indonesia Movement Party and sits on the VIII Commission.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191030063226-4-111185/catat-ini-daftar-anggota-dpr-ri-di-komisi-i-hingga-komisi-xi Catat! Ini Daftar Anggota DPR RI di Komisi I hingga Komisi XI], diakses 30 September 2021.","char_index":78,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191030063226-4-111185/catat-ini-daftar-anggota-dpr-ri-di-komisi-i-hingga-komisi-xi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5358,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.179291-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (29 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketua DPW Partai Bulan Bintang Kalimantan Selatan (2010–2013), mengundurkan diri pada 1 Februari 2013 Ahli Andalan Pengurus KTNA Kalimantan Selatan (2005–2010) Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah (2000–2010) Anggota DPR-RI (2014–sekarang) Anggota Komisi VIII (2014–sekarang)","translated_text":"DPW Chairman of the Moon Star Party of South Kalimantan (2010 ⁇ 2013), resigned on 1 February 2013 Expert and Managing Director of KTNA South Kalimantan (2005 ⁇ 2010) Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah (2000 ⁇ 2010) Member of the DPR-RI (2014 ⁇ now) Member of the VIII Commission (2014 ⁇ now)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Tengah Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya Kategori:Politikus Partai Bulan Bintang Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019 Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2019–2024","translated_text":"Category:Politicians of the People's Republic of China Category:Politicians of the People's Republic of China Category:Politicians of the People's Republic of China Category:Politicians of the People's Republic of China Category:Politicians of the People's Republic of China 2014 ⁇ 2019 Category:Politicians of the Republic of China 2019 ⁇ 2024","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Drs. H. Saiful Rasyid, M.M. () adalah seorang politikus Indonesia. Saat ini ia menjabat sebagai Anggota DPR-RI sejak 2014 mewakili daerah pemilihan Kalimantan Selatan I. Sebelum menjadi anggota DPR-RI, ia pernah menjabat sebagai Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah dari 2005 hingga 2010. Saiful merupakan kader Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya dan duduk di Komisi VIII.","translated_text":"Drs. H. Saiful Rasyid, M.M. () was an Indonesian politician. He is currently serving as a Member of the House of Representatives since 2014 representing the electoral district of South Kalimantan I. Prior to becoming a member of the House of Representatives, he had served as Bupati Hulu Sungai Tengah from 2005 to 2010. Saiful is a cadre of the Greater Indonesia Movement Party and sits on the VIII Commission.","citations":[{"content":"[https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191030063226-4-111185/catat-ini-daftar-anggota-dpr-ri-di-komisi-i-hingga-komisi-xi Catat! Ini Daftar Anggota DPR RI di Komisi I hingga Komisi XI], diakses 30 September 2021.","char_index":356,"name":null,"url":"https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191030063226-4-111185/catat-ini-daftar-anggota-dpr-ri-di-komisi-i-hingga-komisi-xi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5358,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.179291-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (29 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Montmorillon","wikicode":"{{Infobox French commune\n|name = Montmorillon\n|image = [[Berkas:Montmorillon pont.JPG|280px]]\n|image coat of arms =Blason ville fr Montmorillon (Vienne).svg\n|region = [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Berkas:BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg|20px]]\n|department = [[Vienne]] [[Berkas:Blason80.svg|20px]]\n|arrondissement = Montmorillon\n|canton = Montmorillon\n|INSEE = 86165\n|postal code = 86500\n|mayor = Yves Bouloux\n|term =2014-2020\n|intercommunality = [[CC Vienne et Gartempe]]\n|time zone = [[Waktu Eropa Tengah|CET]] (UTC +1)\n|timezone_DST =[[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Tengah|CEST]] (UTC +2)\n|longitude = 0.8717\n|latitude = 46.4269\n|elevation m = 105\n|elevation min m = 82\n|elevation max m = 168\n|area km2 = 57\n|population = 6155\n|population date = 2014\n| population_demonym = Montmorillonnais\n|website = [http://www.montmorillon.fr www.montmorillon.fr]\n}}\n\n'''Montmorillon''' adalah [[Komune di Prancis|komune]] di [[Departemen di Prancis|département]] [[Vienne]] di region [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] di barat-pusat [[Prancis]].\n\n== Populasi ==\n{{Historical populations\n|align=left\n|1793| 3121 \n|1800| 2843 \n|1806| 3313 \n|1821| 3174 \n|1831| 3608 \n|1836| 4157 \n|1841| 4672 \n|1846| 4768 \n|1851| 5228 \n|1856| 4968 \n|1861| 5130 \n|1866| 5203 \n|1872| 5010 \n|1876| 5105 \n|1881| 5128 \n|1886| 5158 \n|1891| 5268 \n|1896| 5284 \n|1901| 5176 \n|1906| 5051 \n|1911| 4944 \n|1921| 4583 \n|1926| 4766 \n|1931| 4507 \n|1936| 4754 \n|1946| 5410 \n|1954| 5524 \n|1962| 5743 \n|1968| 6034 \n|1975| 6685 \n|1982| 6954 \n|1990| 6667 \n|1999| 6898 \n|2006| 6584 \n|2007| 6514 \n|2008| 6443 \n|2009| 6410 \n|2010| 6387 \n|2011| 6319 \n|2012| 6258 \n|2013| 6197 \n|2014| 6155\n}}\n\n== Batas-batas wilayah ==\n{{NeighbouringCommunities\n | NORTHWEST=[[Pindray]]\n | NORTH=[[Jouhet]]\n | NORTHEAST=[[Journet]]\n | WEST=[[Sillars]]\n | TEXTORPICTURE=\n | EAST= [[Saint-Léomer]]\n | SOUTHWEST=\n | SOUTH=[[Saulgé]]\n | SOUTHEAST=[[Bourg-Archambault]] dan [[Lathus-Saint-Rémy]]\n}}\n\n== Kota kembar ==\n* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Wadern]], [[Jerman]], dari [[1968]],\n* {{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Medina del Campo]], [[Spanyol]], dari [[1994]],\n* {{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[Safané]], [[Burkina Faso]], dari [[1997]],\n* {{flagicon|Polandia}} [[Gościno]], [[Polandia]], dari [[2003]],\n* {{flagicon|Rumania}} [[Putna]], [[Rumania]], dari [[2013]].[http://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/Vienne/Communes/Montmorillon/n/Contenus/Articles/2013/10/15/Putna-officiellement-liee-a-Montmorillon-1650094 Putna officiellement liée à Montmorillon] », ''La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest'', 15 octobre 2013.\n\n\n{{commons|Montmorillon}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]\n* [[Vienne]]\n* [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n* [http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp INSEE]\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n{{Komune Vienne}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Komune di 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Nouvelle-Aquitaine\n\nINSEE\n\nMontmorillon\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox French commune\n|name = Montmorillon\n|image = [[Berkas:Montmorillon pont.JPG|280px]]\n|image coat of arms =Blason ville fr Montmorillon (Vienne).svg\n|region = [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Berkas:BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg|20px]]\n|department = [[Vienne]] [[Berkas:Blason80.svg|20px]]\n|arrondissement = Montmorillon\n|canton = Montmorillon\n|INSEE = 86165\n|postal code = 86500\n|mayor = Yves Bouloux\n|term =2014-2020\n|intercommunality = [[CC Vienne et Gartempe]]\n|time zone = [[Waktu Eropa Tengah|CET]] (UTC +1)\n|timezone_DST =[[Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Tengah|CEST]] (UTC +2)\n|longitude = 0.8717\n|latitude = 46.4269\n|elevation m = 105\n|elevation min m = 82\n|elevation max m = 168\n|area km2 = 57\n|population = 6155\n|population date = 2014\n| population_demonym = Montmorillonnais\n|website = [http://www.montmorillon.fr 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EAST= \n | SOUTHWEST= \n | SOUTH=[[Moulismes]]
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Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.049696","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Vouillé, Vienne","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:24Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.108555","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Voulême","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:44Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:02:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.166481","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Voulon","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.226469","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Vouneuil-sous-Biard","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:24Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.283663","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Vouneuil-sur-Vienne","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:44Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:03:44Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.337766","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Vouzailles","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:04:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:04:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.397919","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Yversay","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vienne]]","hash":"bc01e3a5bdd8ef6a73323cdb8287594e4203851bb12687697b7852a479f4917b","last_revision":"2014-04-27T20:04:24Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:04:24Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.453470","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vienne","translated_text":"ALIH Commune in the department of Vienna","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Muhammad Husni Thamrin Al-Banjari","wikicode":"{{Refimprove-bio-tokohmuslim}}\n{{Infobox Ulama Muslim\n|glr_islam_dpn = \n|gelar_aka_dpn = \n|glr_tengah = [[Kiai]] [[Haji]] \n|gelar_aka_akhir = \n|gelar_bangsawan = \n|gelar_adat = \n|judul_gelarlain1 = \n|gelar_lainnya1 = \n|judul_gelarlain2 =\n|gelar_lainnya2 =\n|judul_gelarlain3 = \n|gelar_lainnya3 = \n\n|kunya = \n|name = Muhammad Husni Thamrin \n|nama_arabic = \n|nisbah = al-Banjari\n|nama_lainnya = Guru Husni\n\n|etnis = [[Banjar]]\n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|marga = \n|negara1 = [[Indonesia]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}\n|negara2 = \n|negara3 = \n\n|jalur_ayah = \n|jalur_ibu = \n \n\n|tgl_lahir_h = 13\n|tgl_lahir_m = 14\n|bln_lahir_h = Syakban\n|bln_lahir_m = Agustus\n|thn_lahir_h = 1362\n|thn_lahir_m = 1943\n|tempat_lahir = Hamparaya\n|negara_dilahirkan = [[Amparaya, Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan|Hamparaya]], [[Masa penjajahan Jepang]] {{flagicon|Jepang}} \n|nama_ayah = \n|nama_ibu = \n|nama_lahir = \n|hari_lahir = \n\n|madrasah1 = [[Madrasah Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah al-Jawiyyah|Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah]]\n\n|status_hidup_wafat = WAFAT\n|sebab_wafat = \n|tempat_wafat = Martapura\n|hari_wafat = Sabtu\n|tgl_wafat_h = 2\n|tgl_wafat_m = 4\n|bln_wafat_h = Rabiulawal\n|bln_wafat_m = Januari\n|thn_wafat_h = 1435\n|thn_wafat_m = 2014\n|tempat_makam = Hamparaya\n|hari_dimakamkan =\n|negara_makam = [[Amparaya, Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan|Hamparaya]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}\n \n|spouse = \n|children = 1. H.Ahmad
2. H.Amin (mukim dan bekerja di Malaysia sebagai dosen)
3. H.Ahyad (mukim di Makkah)
4. H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz)\n|known_for = Ulama, Pengajar di [[Madrasah Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah al-Jawiyyah|Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah]]\n|Parents = \n|occupation = \n|religion = [[Islam]]\n}}\n\n'''[[Kiai]] [[Haji]] Muhammad Husni Thamrin al-Banjari''' ({{lahirmati|[[Amparaya, Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan|Hamparaya]]|14|8|1943|[[Martapura, Banjar|Martapura]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]]|4|1|2014}}) adalah ulama asal Kalimantan Selatan.\n\n== Riwayat ==\nGuru Husni lahir di desa Hamparaya, Kecamatan Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan, pada hari Jumat/Sabtu, 13 Sya’ban 1362 H/14 Agustus 1943 M. Usia 4 tahun ia di bawa Hijrah ke Makkah oleh keluarga. Ia adalah alumni [[Madrasah Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah al-Jawiyyah|Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah]], Makkah (tahun 1370 H sampai tamat tingkat Ulya); dan diembeli Al-Azhari karena berstudy di Mesir, Universitas Al-Azhar Kairo, pada Fakultas Ushuluddin, jurusan Aqidah & Filsafat, tingkat Licence (S1) dan Dirasat ‘Ulya (pasca sarjana); dari tahun 1962 sampai 1973.{{Bio muslim butuh rujukan}}\n\nSepulang dari Mesir, ia dipercayakan menjadi staf pengajar di Madrasah Daarul Ulum, Mekkah untuk tingkat mutawassithah (menengah). Ia juga menjadi pegawai tetap Rabithah Alam Islami perwakilan Makkah sebagai staf. Materi pengajiannya di Misfalah adalah pembacaan kitab-kitab hadis, lebih khusus periwayatan hadis-hadis mulsalsal bahkan yang gharib (jarang didengar) dengan syarat-syarat yang ketat; selain membaca kitab-kitab fiqih Syafi’i dan Tasauf.{{Bio muslim butuh rujukan}}\n\nSetelah sekian lama bermukim di Makkah, pada 1429 H/2008 M ia dan keluarga pulang ke tanah air, bertempat tinggal/membuat rumah di Balitan 3, Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Pada hari Sabtu 2 Rabi’ul Awwal 1435 H/4 Januari 2014 M ia berpulang ke rahmatullah dan dikebumikan di desa kelahirannya, Hamparaya HSS; meninggalkan seorang istri, empat orang anak laki-laki yaitu H.Ahmad dan H.Amin (mukim dan bekerja di Malaysia sebagai dosen), H.Ahyad (mukim di Makkah), dan H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz) yang membantu Almarhum dalam pengajian, disamping empat orang anak perempuan.{{Bio muslim butuh rujukan}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://banjarmasin.tribunnews.com/2014/04/18/guru-misfalah-dalam-kenangan Guru Misfalah dalam Kenangan Oleh KH Husin Naparin] - banjarmasin.tribunnews.com, diakses 28 April 2014.\n* [http://issuu.com/metro_banjar/docs/mb20140105/1 Metro Banjar 5 Januari 2014]\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Islam Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Banjar]]\n[[Kategori:Ulama Banjar]]\n\n\n{{Ulama-Nusantara-bio-stub}}","hash":"f1a0c6255e33e37f05bb6b2c59ccdd0e38fffd25a343fe82ba7f33c2e0da0c00","last_revision":"2022-12-02T09:23:56Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:04:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.517009","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Kiai Haji Muhammad Husni Thamrin al-Banjari () adalah ulama asal Kalimantan Selatan.\n\nGuru Husni lahir di desa Hamparaya, Kecamatan Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan, pada hari Jumat/Sabtu, 13 Sya'ban 1362 H/14 Agustus 1943 M. Usia 4 tahun ia di bawa Hijrah ke Makkah oleh keluarga. Ia adalah alumni Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah, Makkah (tahun 1370 H sampai tamat tingkat Ulya); dan diembeli Al-Azhari karena berstudy di Mesir, Universitas Al-Azhar Kairo, pada Fakultas Ushuluddin, jurusan Aqidah & Filsafat, tingkat Licence (S1) dan Dirasat 'Ulya (pasca sarjana); dari tahun 1962 sampai 1973.\n\nSepulang dari Mesir, ia dipercayakan menjadi staf pengajar di Madrasah Daarul Ulum, Mekkah untuk tingkat mutawassithah (menengah). Ia juga menjadi pegawai tetap Rabithah Alam Islami perwakilan Makkah sebagai staf. Materi pengajiannya di Misfalah adalah pembacaan kitab-kitab hadis, lebih khusus periwayatan hadis-hadis mulsalsal bahkan yang gharib (jarang didengar) dengan syarat-syarat yang ketat; selain membaca kitab-kitab fiqih Syafi'i dan Tasauf.\n\nSetelah sekian lama bermukim di Makkah, pada 1429 H/2008 M ia dan keluarga pulang ke tanah air, bertempat tinggal/membuat rumah di Balitan 3, Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Pada hari Sabtu 2 Rabi'ul Awwal 1435 H/4 Januari 2014 M ia berpulang ke rahmatullah dan dikebumikan di desa kelahirannya, Hamparaya HSS; meninggalkan seorang istri, empat orang anak laki-laki yaitu H.Ahmad dan H.Amin (mukim dan bekerja di Malaysia sebagai dosen), H.Ahyad (mukim di Makkah), dan H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz) yang membantu Almarhum dalam pengajian, disamping empat orang anak perempuan.\n\nGuru Misfalah dalam Kenangan Oleh KH Husin Naparin - banjarmasin.tribunnews.com, diakses 28 April 2014. Metro Banjar 5 Januari 2014\n\nKategori:Tokoh Islam Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Selatan Kategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Ulama Banjar\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Ulama Muslim\n|glr_islam_dpn = \n|gelar_aka_dpn = \n|glr_tengah = [[Kiai]] [[Haji]] \n|gelar_aka_akhir = \n|gelar_bangsawan = \n|gelar_adat = \n|judul_gelarlain1 = \n|gelar_lainnya1 = \n|judul_gelarlain2 =\n|gelar_lainnya2 =\n|judul_gelarlain3 = \n|gelar_lainnya3 = \n\n|kunya = \n|name = Muhammad Husni Thamrin \n|nama_arabic = \n|nisbah = al-Banjari\n|nama_lainnya = Guru Husni\n\n|etnis = [[Banjar]]\n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|marga = \n|negara1 = [[Indonesia]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}\n|negara2 = \n|negara3 = \n\n|jalur_ayah = \n|jalur_ibu = \n \n\n|tgl_lahir_h = 13\n|tgl_lahir_m = 14\n|bln_lahir_h = Syakban\n|bln_lahir_m = Agustus\n|thn_lahir_h = 1362\n|thn_lahir_m = 1943\n|tempat_lahir = Hamparaya\n|negara_dilahirkan = [[Amparaya, Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan|Hamparaya]], [[Masa penjajahan Jepang]] {{flagicon|Jepang}} \n|nama_ayah = \n|nama_ibu = \n|nama_lahir = \n|hari_lahir = \n\n|madrasah1 = [[Madrasah Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah al-Jawiyyah|Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah]]\n\n|status_hidup_wafat = WAFAT\n|sebab_wafat = \n|tempat_wafat = Martapura\n|hari_wafat = Sabtu\n|tgl_wafat_h = 2\n|tgl_wafat_m = 4\n|bln_wafat_h = Rabiulawal\n|bln_wafat_m = Januari\n|thn_wafat_h = 1435\n|thn_wafat_m = 2014\n|tempat_makam = Hamparaya\n|hari_dimakamkan =\n|negara_makam = [[Amparaya, Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan|Hamparaya]] {{flagicon|Indonesia}}\n \n|spouse = \n|children = 1. H.Ahmad
2. H.Amin (mukim dan bekerja di Malaysia sebagai dosen)
3. H.Ahyad (mukim di Makkah)
4. H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz)\n|known_for = Ulama, Pengajar di [[Madrasah Dar al-Ulum al-Diniyyah al-Jawiyyah|Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah]]\n|Parents = \n|occupation = \n|religion = [[Islam]]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kiai Haji Muhammad Husni Thamrin al-Banjari () adalah ulama asal Kalimantan Selatan.","translated_text":"Kiai Haji Muhammad Husni Thamrin al-Banjari () was a scholar from South Kalimantan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Riwayat","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Guru Husni lahir di desa Hamparaya, Kecamatan Simpur, Hulu Sungai Selatan, pada hari Jumat/Sabtu, 13 Sya'ban 1362 H/14 Agustus 1943 M. Usia 4 tahun ia di bawa Hijrah ke Makkah oleh keluarga.","translated_text":"Guru Husni was born in Hamparaya village, Simpur District, Hulu Sungai Selatan, on Friday/Saturday, 13 Sya'ban 1362 H/14 August 1943 M. At the age of 4 years he was taken to Hijrah to Makkah by his family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah alumni Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah, Makkah (tahun 1370 H sampai tamat tingkat Ulya); dan diembeli Al-Azhari karena berstudy di Mesir, Universitas Al-Azhar Kairo, pada Fakultas Ushuluddin, jurusan Aqidah & Filsafat, tingkat Licence (S1) dan Dirasat 'Ulya (pasca sarjana); dari tahun 1962 sampai 1973.","translated_text":"He was an alumnus of the Madrasah Daarul-Ulum Ad-Diniyah, Makkah (in 1370 H to completion of Ulya level); and was bought by Al-Azhari for studying in Egypt, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, at Ushuluddin Faculty, majoring in Aqidah & Philosophy, Licence level (S1) and Dirasat 'Ulya (postgraduate); from 1962 to 1973.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sepulang dari Mesir, ia dipercayakan menjadi staf pengajar di Madrasah Daarul Ulum, Mekkah untuk tingkat mutawassithah (menengah).","translated_text":"Upon returning from Egypt, he was entrusted as a teaching staff at the Daarul Ulum Madrasah, Mecca for the mutawassithah (intermediate) level.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga menjadi pegawai tetap Rabithah Alam Islami perwakilan Makkah sebagai staf.","translated_text":"He also became a permanent employee of the Islamic Rabbit of Makkah as a staff.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Materi pengajiannya di Misfalah adalah pembacaan kitab-kitab hadis, lebih khusus periwayatan hadis-hadis mulsalsal bahkan yang gharib (jarang didengar) dengan syarat-syarat yang ketat; selain membaca kitab-kitab fiqih Syafi'i dan Tasauf.","translated_text":"His subject is the recitation of the Hadiths, more specifically the recitation of the Hadiths, even those that are scornful with strict terms; besides the recitation of the Fiqihs of Syafi'i and Tasauf.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah sekian lama bermukim di Makkah, pada 1429 H/2008 M ia dan keluarga pulang ke tanah air, bertempat tinggal/membuat rumah di Balitan 3, Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan.","translated_text":"After a long stay in Makkah, in 1429 H/2008 M he and his family returned to their homeland, settling in Balitan 3, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada hari Sabtu 2 Rabi'ul Awwal 1435 H/4 Januari 2014","translated_text":"On Saturday 2 Rabi'ul Awwal 1435 H/4 January 2014","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"M ia berpulang ke rahmatullah dan dikebumikan di desa kelahirannya, Hamparaya HSS; meninggalkan seorang istri, empat orang anak laki-laki yaitu H.Ahmad dan H.Amin (mukim dan bekerja di Malaysia sebagai dosen), H.Ahyad (mukim di Makkah), dan H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz) yang membantu Almarhum dalam pengajian, disamping empat orang anak perempuan.","translated_text":"M he returned to Rahmatullah and was buried in his hometown, Hamparaya HSS; he left behind a wife, four sons H.Ahmad and H.Amin (monks and working in Malaysia as lecturers), H.Ahyad (monks in Makkah), and H.Yahya (Hafidz Alquran 30 Juz) who assisted the deceased in his studies, along with four daughters.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Guru Misfalah dalam Kenangan Oleh KH Husin Naparin - banjarmasin.tribunnews.com, diakses 28 April 2014.","translated_text":"Master Misfalah in Memory by KH Husin Naparin - banjarmasin.tribunnews.com, accessed 28 April 2014.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metro Banjar 5 Januari 2014","translated_text":"Metro Banjar 5 January 2014","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tokoh Islam Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Hulu Sungai Selatan Kategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Ulama Banjar","translated_text":"Category:Muslims of Indonesia Category:People from the upper reaches of the South River Category:Banjar peoples Category:Ulama Banjar","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Templat:Doubs","wikicode":"{{Navbox\n|name = Doubs\n|title = [[Komune di departemen Doubs|Komune]] di departemen [[Doubs]] {{Flagicon|Prancis}}\n|listclass = hlist\n|state = {{{state|collapsed}}}\n|list1 =\n* [[Abbans-Dessous]]\n* [[Abbans-Dessus]]\n* [[Abbenans]]\n* [[Abbévillers]]\n* [[Accolans]]\n* [[Adam-lès-Passavant]]\n* [[Adam-lès-Vercel]]\n* [[Aibre]]\n* [[Aïssey]]\n* [[Allenjoie]]\n* [[Les Alliés]]\n* [[Allondans]]\n* [[Amagney]]\n* [[Amancey]]\n* [[Amathay-Vésigneux]]\n* [[Amondans]]\n* [[Anteuil]]\n* [[Appenans]]\n* [[Arbouans]]\n* [[Arc-et-Senans]]\n* [[Arcey, Doubs|Arcey]]\n* [[Arçon]]\n* [[Arc-sous-Cicon]]\n* [[Arc-sous-Montenot]]\n* [[Arguel, Doubs|Arguel]]\n* [[Athose]]\n* [[Aubonne, Doubs|Aubonne]]\n* [[Audeux]]\n* [[Audincourt]]\n* [[Autechaux]]\n* [[Autechaux-Roide]]\n* [[Auxon-Dessous]]\n* [[Auxon-Dessus]]\n* [[Avanne-Aveney]]\n* [[Avilley]]\n* [[Avoudrey]]\n* [[Badevel]]\n* [[Bannans]]\n* [[Le Barboux]]\n* [[Bart, Doubs|Bart]]\n* [[Bartherans]]\n* [[Battenans-les-Mines]]\n* [[Battenans-Varin]]\n* [[Baume-les-Dames]]\n* [[Bavans]]\n* [[Belfays]]\n* [[Le Bélieu]]\n* [[Belleherbe]]\n* [[Belmont, Doubs|Belmont]]\n* [[Belvoir, Doubs|Belvoir]]\n* [[Berche]]\n* [[Berthelange]]\n* [[Besançon]]pref\n* [[Bethoncourt]]\n* [[Beure]]\n* [[Beutal]]\n* [[Bians-les-Usiers]]\n* [[Bief]]\n* [[Le Bizot]]\n* [[Blamont]]\n* [[Blarians]]\n* [[Blussangeaux]]\n* [[Blussans]]\n* [[Bolandoz]]\n* [[Bondeval]]\n* [[Bonnal, Doubs|Bonnal]]\n* [[Bonnay, Doubs|Bonnay]]\n* [[Bonnétage]]\n* [[Bonnevaux, Doubs|Bonnevaux]]\n* [[Bonnevaux-le-Prieuré]]\n* [[La Bosse, Doubs|La Bosse]]\n* [[Bouclans]]\n* [[Boujailles]]\n* [[Bourguignon, Doubs|Bourguignon]]\n* [[Bournois]]\n* [[Boussières]]\n* [[Bouverans]]\n* [[Braillans]]\n* [[Branne, Doubs|Branne]]\n* [[Breconchaux]]\n* [[Bremondans]]\n* [[Brères]]\n* [[Les Bréseux]]\n* [[La Bretenière, Doubs|La Bretenière]]\n* [[Bretigney]]\n* [[Bretigney-Notre-Dame]]\n* [[Bretonvillers]]\n* [[Brey-et-Maison-du-Bois]]\n* [[Brognard]]\n* [[Buffard]]\n* [[Bugny]]\n* [[Bulle, Doubs|Bulle]]\n* [[Burgille]]\n* [[Burnevillers]]\n* [[Busy, Doubs|Busy]]\n* [[By, Doubs|By]]\n* [[Byans-sur-Doubs]]\n* [[Cademène]]\n* [[Cendrey]]\n* [[Cernay-l'Église]]\n* [[Cessey]]\n* [[Chaffois]]\n* [[Chalèze]]\n* [[Chalezeule]]\n* [[Chamesey]]\n* [[Chamesol]]\n* [[Champagney, Doubs|Champagney]]\n* [[Champlive]]\n* [[Champoux]]\n* [[Champvans-les-Moulins]]\n* [[Chantrans]]\n* [[Chapelle-des-Bois]]\n* [[Chapelle-d'Huin]]\n* [[Charbonnières-les-Sapins]]\n* [[Charmauvillers]]\n* [[Charmoille, Doubs|Charmoille]]\n* [[Charnay, Doubs|Charnay]]\n* [[Charquemont]]\n* [[Chasnans]]\n* [[Chassagne-Saint-Denis]]\n* [[Châteauvieux-les-Fossés]]\n* [[Châtelblanc]]\n* [[Châtillon-Guyotte]]\n* [[Châtillon-le-Duc]]\n* [[Châtillon-sur-Lison]]\n* [[Chaucenne]]\n* [[Chaudefontaine, Doubs|Chaudefontaine]]\n* [[La Chaux, Doubs|La Chaux]]\n* [[Chaux-lès-Clerval]]\n* [[Chaux-lès-Passavant]]\n* [[Chaux-Neuve]]\n* [[Chay, Doubs|Chay]]\n* [[Chazot]]\n* [[Chemaudin]]\n* [[La Chenalotte]]\n* [[Chenecey-Buillon]]\n* [[Chevigney-lès-Vercel]]\n* [[Chevigney-sur-l'Ognon]]\n* [[La Chevillotte]]\n* [[Chevroz]]\n* [[Chouzelot]]\n* [[Cléron]]\n* [[Clerval, Doubs|Clerval]]\n* [[La Cluse-et-Mijoux]]\n* [[Colombier-Fontaine]]\n* [[Les Combes]]\n* [[Consolation-Maisonnettes]]\n* [[Corcelle-Mieslot]]\n* [[Corcelles-Ferrières]]\n* [[Corcondray]]\n* [[Côtebrune]]\n* [[Courcelles, Doubs|Courcelles]]\n* [[Courcelles-lès-Montbéliard]]\n* [[Courchapon]]\n* [[Cour-Saint-Maurice]]\n* [[Courtefontaine, Doubs|Courtefontaine]]\n* [[Courtetain-et-Salans]]\n* [[Courvières]]\n* [[Crosey-le-Grand]]\n* [[Crosey-le-Petit]]\n* [[Le Crouzet]]\n* [[Crouzet-Migette]]\n* [[Cubrial]]\n* [[Cubry]]\n* [[Cusance]]\n* [[Cuse-et-Adrisans]]\n* [[Cussey-sur-Lison]]\n* [[Cussey-sur-l'Ognon]]\n* [[Dambelin]]\n* [[Dambenois]]\n* [[Dammartin-les-Templiers]]\n* [[Dampierre-les-Bois]]\n* [[Dampierre-sur-le-Doubs]]\n* [[Dampjoux]]\n* [[Damprichard]]\n* [[Dannemarie, Doubs|Dannemarie]]\n* [[Dannemarie-sur-Crète]]\n* [[Dasle]]\n* [[Deluz]]\n* [[Désandans]]\n* [[Déservillers]]\n* [[Devecey]]\n* [[Dommartin, Doubs|Dommartin]]\n* [[Dompierre-les-Tilleuls]]\n* [[Domprel]]\n* [[Doubs, Doubs|Doubs]]\n* [[Dung, Doubs|Dung]]\n* [[Durnes]]\n* [[Échay]]\n* [[Échenans]]\n* [[Échevannes, Doubs|Échevannes]]\n* [[École-Valentin]]\n* [[Les Écorces]]\n* [[Écot]]\n* [[L'Écouvotte]]\n* [[Écurcey]]\n* [[Émagny]]\n* [[Épenouse]]\n* [[Épenoy]]\n* [[Épeugney]]\n* [[Esnans]]\n* [[Étalans]]\n* [[Éternoz]]\n* [[Étouvans]]\n* [[Étrabonne]]\n* [[Étrappe]]\n* [[Étray]]\n* [[Étupes]]\n* [[Évillers]]\n* [[Exincourt]]\n* [[Eysson]]\n* [[Faimbe]]\n* [[Fallerans]]\n* [[Ferrières-le-Lac]]\n* [[Ferrières-les-Bois]]\n* [[Fertans]]\n* [[Fesches-le-Châtel]]\n* [[Fessevillers]]\n* [[Feule]]\n* [[Les Fins]]\n* [[Flagey, Doubs|Flagey]]\n* [[Flagey-Rigney]]\n* [[Flangebouche]]\n* [[Fleurey]]\n* [[Fontain]]\n* [[Fontaine-lès-Clerval]]\n* [[Fontenelle-Montby]]\n* [[Les Fontenelles]]\n* [[Fontenotte]]\n* [[Foucherans, Doubs|Foucherans]]\n* [[Fourbanne]]\n* [[Fourcatier-et-Maison-Neuve]]\n* [[Fourg]]\n* [[Les Fourgs]]\n* [[Fournet-Blancheroche]]\n* [[Fournets-Luisans]]\n* [[Frambouhans]]\n* [[Franey]]\n* [[Franois]]\n* [[Frasne]]\n* [[Froidevaux]]\n* [[Fuans]]\n* [[Gellin]]\n* [[Gémonval]]\n* [[Geneuille]]\n* [[Geney]]\n* [[Gennes, Doubs|Gennes]]\n* [[Germéfontaine]]\n* [[Germondans]]\n* [[Gevresin]]\n* [[Gilley, Doubs|Gilley]]\n* [[Glamondans]]\n* [[Glay, Doubs|Glay]]\n* [[Glère]]\n* [[Gondenans-les-Moulins]]\n* [[Gondenans-Montby]]\n* [[Gonsans]]\n* [[Gouhelans]]\n* [[Goumois, Doubs|Goumois]]\n* [[Goux-lès-Dambelin]]\n* [[Goux-les-Usiers]]\n* [[Goux-sous-Landet]]\n* [[Grand-Charmont]]\n* [[Grand'Combe-Châteleu]]\n* [[Grand'Combe-des-Bois]]\n* [[Grandfontaine, Doubs|Grandfontaine]]\n* [[Grandfontaine-sur-Creuse]]\n* [[La Grange, Doubs|La Grange]]\n* [[Granges-Narboz]]\n* [[Les Grangettes]]\n* [[Les Gras]]\n* [[Le Gratteris]]\n* [[Grosbois]]\n* [[Guillon-les-Bains]]\n* [[Guyans-Durnes]]\n* [[Guyans-Vennes]]\n* [[Hautepierre-le-Châtelet]]\n* [[Hauterive-la-Fresse]]\n* [[Hérimoncourt]]\n* [[L'Hôpital-du-Grosbois]]\n* [[L'Hôpital-Saint-Lieffroy]]\n* [[Les Hôpitaux-Neufs]]\n* [[Les Hôpitaux-Vieux]]\n* [[Houtaud]]\n* [[Huanne-Montmartin]]\n* [[Hyémondans]]\n* [[Hyèvre-Magny]]\n* [[Hyèvre-Paroisse]]\n* [[Indevillers]]\n* [[L'Isle-sur-le-Doubs]]\n* [[Issans]]\n* [[Jallerange]]\n* [[Jougne]]\n* [[Labergement-du-Navois]]\n* [[Labergement-Sainte-Marie]]\n* [[Laire]]\n* [[Laissey]]\n* [[Lanans]]\n* [[Landresse]]\n* [[Lantenne-Vertière]]\n* [[Lanthenans]]\n* [[Larnod]]\n* [[Laval-le-Prieuré]]\n* [[Lavans-Quingey]]\n* [[Lavans-Vuillafans]]\n* [[Lavernay]]\n* [[Laviron]]\n* [[Levier]]\n* [[Liebvillers]]\n* [[Liesle]]\n* [[Lizine]]\n* [[Lods]]\n* [[Lombard, Doubs|Lombard]]\n* [[Lomont-sur-Crête]]\n* [[Longechaux]]\n* [[Longemaison]]\n* [[Longevelle-lès-Russey]]\n* [[Longevelle-sur-Doubs]]\n* [[Longeville]]\n* [[La Longeville]]\n* [[Longevilles-Mont-d'Or]]\n* [[Loray]]\n* [[Lougres]]\n* [[Le Luhier]]\n* [[Luxiol]]\n* [[Magny-Châtelard]]\n* [[Maîche]]\n* [[Maisons-du-Bois-Lièvremont]]\n* [[Malans, Doubs|Malans]]\n* [[Malbrans]]\n* [[Malbuisson]]\n* [[Malpas, Doubs|Malpas]]\n* [[Mamirolle]]\n* [[Mancenans]]\n* [[Mancenans-Lizerne]]\n* [[Mandeure]]\n* [[Marchaux]]\n* [[Marvelise]]\n* [[Mathay]]\n* [[Mazerolles-le-Salin]]\n* [[Médière]]\n* [[Le Mémont]]\n* [[Mercey-le-Grand]]\n* [[Mérey-sous-Montrond]]\n* [[Mérey-Vieilley]]\n* [[Mésandans]]\n* [[Meslières]]\n* [[Mesmay]]\n* [[Métabief]]\n* [[Miserey-Salines]]\n* [[Moncey, Doubs|Moncey]]\n* [[Moncley]]\n* [[Mondon]]\n* [[Montagney-Servigney]]\n* [[Montancy]]\n* [[Montandon]]\n* [[Montbéliard]]subpr\n* [[Montbéliardot]]\n* [[Montbenoît]]\n* [[Mont-de-Laval]]\n* [[Mont-de-Vougney]]\n* [[Montécheroux]]\n* [[Montenois]]\n* [[Montfaucon, Doubs|Montfaucon]]\n* [[Montferrand-le-Château]]\n* [[Montflovin]]\n* [[Montfort, Doubs|Montfort]]\n* [[Montgesoye]]\n* [[Montivernage]]\n* [[Montjoie-le-Château]]\n* [[Montlebon]]\n* [[Montmahoux]]\n* [[Montperreux]]\n* [[Montrond-le-Château]]\n* [[Montussaint]]\n* [[Morre]]\n* [[Morteau]]\n* [[Mouthe]]\n* [[Le Moutherot]]\n* [[Mouthier-Haute-Pierre]]\n* [[Myon, Doubs|Myon]]\n* [[Naisey-les-Granges]]\n* [[Nancray]]\n* [[Nans, Doubs|Nans]]\n* [[Nans-sous-Sainte-Anne]]\n* [[Narbief]]\n* [[Neuchâtel-Urtière]]\n* [[Nods, Doubs|Nods]]\n* [[Noël-Cerneux]]\n* [[Noirefontaine]]\n* [[Noironte]]\n* [[Nommay]]\n* [[Novillars]]\n* [[Ollans]]\n* [[Onans]]\n* [[Orchamps-Vennes]]\n* [[Orgeans-Blanchefontaine]]\n* [[Ornans]]\n* [[Orsans, Doubs|Orsans]]\n* [[Orve]]\n* [[Osse, Doubs|Osse]]\n* [[Osselle]]\n* [[Ougney-Douvot]]\n* [[Ouhans]]\n* [[Ouvans]]\n* [[Oye-et-Pallet]]\n* [[Palantine]]\n* [[Palise]]\n* [[Paroy, Doubs|Paroy]]\n* [[Passavant, Doubs|Passavant]]\n* [[Passonfontaine]]\n* [[Pelousey]]\n* [[Péseux]]\n* [[Pessans]]\n* [[Petite-Chaux]]\n* [[Pierrefontaine-lès-Blamont]]\n* [[Pierrefontaine-les-Varans]]\n* [[Pirey]]\n* [[Placey]]\n* [[Plaimbois-du-Miroir]]\n* [[Plaimbois-Vennes]]\n* [[Les Plains-et-Grands-Essarts]]\n* [[La Planée]]\n* [[Pointvillers]]\n* [[Pompierre-sur-Doubs]]\n* [[Pontarlier]]subpr\n* [[Pont-de-Roide]]\n* [[Les Pontets]]\n* [[Pont-les-Moulins]]\n* [[Pouilley-Français]]\n* [[Pouilley-les-Vignes]]\n* [[Pouligney-Lusans]]\n* [[Présentevillers]]\n* [[La Prétière]]\n* [[Provenchère, Doubs|Provenchère]]\n* [[Puessans]]\n* [[Pugey]]\n* [[Le Puy, Doubs|Le Puy]]\n* [[Quingey]]\n* [[Rahon, Doubs|Rahon]]\n* [[Rancenay]]\n* [[Randevillers]]\n* [[Rang, Doubs|Rang]]\n* [[Rantechaux]]\n* [[Raynans]]\n* [[Recologne, Doubs|Recologne]]\n* [[Reculfoz]]\n* [[Rémondans-Vaivre]]\n* [[Remoray-Boujeons]]\n* [[Renédale]]\n* [[Rennes-sur-Loue]]\n* [[Reugney]]\n* [[Rigney]]\n* [[Rignosot]]\n* [[Rillans]]\n* [[La Rivière-Drugeon]]\n* [[Rochejean]]\n* [[Roche-lès-Clerval]]\n* [[Roche-lez-Beaupré]]\n* [[Roches-lès-Blamont]]\n* [[Rognon, Doubs|Rognon]]\n* [[Romain, Doubs|Romain]]\n* [[Ronchaux]]\n* [[Rondefontaine]]\n* [[Roset-Fluans]]\n* [[Rosières-sur-Barbèche]]\n* [[Rosureux]]\n* [[Rougemont, Doubs|Rougemont]]\n* [[Rougemontot]]\n* [[Rouhe]]\n* [[Roulans]]\n* [[Routelle]]\n* [[Ruffey-le-Château]]\n* [[Rurey]]\n* [[Le Russey]]\n* [[Saint-Antoine, Doubs|Saint-Antoine]]\n* [[Sainte-Anne, Doubs|Sainte-Anne]]\n* [[Sainte-Colombe, Doubs|Sainte-Colombe]]\n* [[Sainte-Marie, Doubs|Sainte-Marie]]\n* [[Sainte-Suzanne, Doubs|Sainte-Suzanne]]\n* [[Saint-Georges-Armont]]\n* [[Saint-Gorgon-Main]]\n* [[Saint-Hilaire, Doubs|Saint-Hilaire]]\n* [[Saint-Hippolyte, Doubs|Saint-Hippolyte]]\n* [[Saint-Juan]]\n* [[Saint-Julien-lès-Montbéliard]]\n* [[Saint-Julien-lès-Russey]]\n* [[Saint-Maurice-Colombier]]\n* [[Saint-Point-Lac]]\n* [[Saint-Vit]]\n* [[Samson, Doubs|Samson]]\n* [[Sancey-le-Grand]]\n* [[Sancey-le-Long]]\n* [[Santoche]]\n* [[Saône, Doubs|Saône]]\n* [[Saraz]]\n* [[Sarrageois]]\n* [[Saules, Doubs|Saules]]\n* [[Sauvagney]]\n* [[Scey-Maisières]]\n* [[Séchin]]\n* [[Seloncourt]]\n* [[Semondans]]\n* [[Septfontaines, Doubs|Septfontaines]]\n* [[Serre-les-Sapins]]\n* [[Servin]]\n* [[Silley-Amancey]]\n* [[Silley-Bléfond]]\n* [[Sochaux]]\n* [[Solemont]]\n* [[Sombacour]]\n* [[La Sommette]]\n* [[Soulce-Cernay]]\n* [[Sourans]]\n* [[Soye]]\n* [[Surmont]]\n* [[Taillecourt]]\n* [[Tallans]]\n* [[Tallenay]]\n* [[Tarcenay]]\n* [[Les Terres-de-Chaux]]\n* [[Thiébouhans]]\n* [[Thise]]\n* [[Thoraise]]\n* [[Thulay]]\n* [[Thurey-le-Mont]]\n* [[Torpes, Doubs|Torpes]]\n* [[Touillon-et-Loutelet]]\n* [[La Tour-de-Sçay]]\n* [[Tournans]]\n* [[Trépot]]\n* [[Tressandans]]\n* [[Trévillers]]\n* [[Trouvans]]\n* [[Urtière]]\n* [[Uzelle]]\n* [[Vaire-Arcier]]\n* [[Vaire-le-Petit]]\n* [[Valdahon]]\n* [[Val-de-Roulans]]\n* [[Valentigney]]\n* [[Valleroy, Doubs|Valleroy]]\n* [[Valonne]]\n* [[Valoreille]]\n* [[Vanclans]]\n* [[Vandoncourt]]\n* [[Vauchamps, Doubs|Vauchamps]]\n* [[Vaucluse, Doubs|Vaucluse]]\n* [[Vauclusotte]]\n* [[Vaudrivillers]]\n* [[Vaufrey]]\n* [[Vaux-et-Chantegrue]]\n* [[Vaux-les-Prés]]\n* [[Velesmes-Essarts]]\n* [[Vellerot-lès-Belvoir]]\n* [[Vellerot-lès-Vercel]]\n* [[Vellevans]]\n* [[Venise, Doubs|Venise]]\n* [[Vennans]]\n* [[Vennes]]\n* [[Vercel-Villedieu-le-Camp]]\n* [[Vergranne]]\n* [[Verne, Doubs|Verne]]\n* [[Vernierfontaine]]\n* [[Vernois-lès-Belvoir]]\n* [[Le Vernoy]]\n* [[Verrières-de-Joux]]\n* [[Verrières-du-Grosbois]]\n* [[La Vèze]]\n* [[Vieilley]]\n* [[Viéthorey]]\n* [[Vieux-Charmont]]\n* [[Villars-lès-Blamont]]\n* [[Villars-Saint-Georges]]\n* [[Villars-sous-Dampjoux]]\n* [[Villars-sous-Écot]]\n* [[Les Villedieu]]\n* [[Ville-du-Pont]]\n* [[Villeneuve-d'Amont]]\n* [[Villers-Buzon]]\n* [[Villers-Chief]]\n* [[Villers-Grélot]]\n* [[Villers-la-Combe]]\n* [[Villers-le-Lac]]\n* [[Villers-Saint-Martin]]\n* [[Villers-sous-Chalamont]]\n* [[Villers-sous-Montrond]]\n* [[Voillans]]\n* [[Voires]]\n* [[Vorges-les-Pins]]\n* [[Voujeaucourt]]\n* [[Vuillafans]]\n* [[Vuillecin]]\n* [[Vyt-lès-Belvoir]]\n\n|belowclass = hlist\n|below =\n* pref: [[Prefektur]]\n* subpr: [[Subprefektur di Prancis|Subprefektur]]\n}}\n{{doc|content={{Prancis| listclass = hlist\n| title =Templat departemen Prancis|prefix=Templat:|state=show|var=Var, Prancis}}}}\n{{Squad maintenance}}\n[[Kategori:Templat departemen Prancis|Doubs]]\n","hash":"83cb41daa838463fdea81d3a9000c449df5227d298b8cefc118392c06adf3057","last_revision":"2023-09-29T08:53:57Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T20:20:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.582948","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Plantilla:Municipis Doubs","ce":"Кеп:Ду департаментан коммунаш","en":"Template:Doubs communes","fa":"الگو:کمون‌های دو","gl":"Modelo:Comunas de Doubs","hu":"Sablon:Doubs","it":"Template:Dipartimento Doubs","kk":"Үлгі:Ду департаментінің коммуналары","ms":"Templat:Komun Doubs","nb":"Mal:Kommuner i Doubs","oc":"Modèl:Comunas de Doubs","ro":"Format:Comune Doubs","ru":"Шаблон:Коммуны департамента Ду","sco":"Template:Doubs communes","sh":"Šablon:Departman Doubs u Francuskoj","simple":"Template:Doubs communes","sl":"Predloga:Doubs communes","tr":"Şablon:Doubs'nun belediyeleri","uk":"Шаблон:Муніципалітети департаменту Ду","uz":"Andoza:Doubs departamenti kommunalari","vec":"Modeło:Comuni del departemento Doubs","vi":"Bản mẫu:Xã của Doubs","war":"Batakan:Mga komyun han Doubs","zh":"Template:杜省市鎮","zh-yue":"Template:Doubs communes"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Doubs\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Doubs","translated_text":"Doubs","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Zainul Arifin Noor","wikicode":"{{Infobox person\n|name = {{PAGENAME}}\n|image = \n|alt = \n|caption = \n|birth_name = \n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|2|18}}\n|birth_place = [[Banjarmasin]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|other_names = \n|alma_mater = -STIE Banjarmasin
-[[Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya]]\n|occupation = [[Pengajar]]\n|known_for = Rektor [[Universitas Achmad Yani]]\n|religion = [[Islam]]\n|spouse = \n|children = \n|parents = \n}}\n\n'''Dr. H. Zainul Arifin Noor, SE, MM''' ({{lahirmati|[[Banjarmasin]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]]|18|2|1959}}) adalah seorang [[pengajar]] [[Indonesia]]. Ia pernah menjabat sebagai rektor [[Universitas Achmad Yani]], [[Banjarmasin]]. Sekarang beliau menjabat sebagai seorang Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dari [[Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]] (PKB) [[Daftar anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia 2014–2019|periode 2014-2019]] mewakili Daerah Pemilihan Kalsel 1.\n\n== Pendidikan ==\n\n* Diploma Akademi Keuangan Indonesia (1987)\n* S1 [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Banjarmasin|STIE Banjarmasin]] (1987)\n* S2 [[Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya]] (1996)\n* S3 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya (2012)\n\n== Organisasi ==\n\n* Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (1999-2003)\n* Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2007)\n* Ketua Forum Komunikasi Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2008)\n* Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2007-2013)\n* Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2013-2016)\n\n== Karier ==\n\n* Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1990-1994)\n* Dekan Periode I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1994-1998)\n* Dekan Periode II Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1998-2002)\n* Pembantu Rektor II [[Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin]] (2002-2006)\n* Rektor Periode I Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2006-2010)\n* Rektor Periode II Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2010-2014)\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://issuu.com/deny_bpost/docs/bp20120304/18 Demi Doktor Rela Jauh Dari Keluarga] - Banjarmasin Post, 4 Maret 2012\n* [http://portalkbr.com/kenalicaleg/index.php/caleg/caleg_detail/id/5505.html Profil Caleg]\n\n[[Kategori:Guru Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Dosen Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Rektor Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Banjar]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Banjarmasin]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]]\n[[Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019]]\n\n\n{{Indo-politikus-stub}}","hash":"fbcae05d435cbdf56ea9ebca2676fe0dd94e6561146a6ca35e8f192490940752","last_revision":"2023-02-04T23:31:59Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T21:16:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.644538","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Dr. H. Zainul Arifin Noor, SE, MM () adalah seorang pengajar Indonesia. Ia pernah menjabat sebagai rektor Universitas Achmad Yani, Banjarmasin. Sekarang beliau menjabat sebagai seorang Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dari Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) periode 2014-2019 mewakili Daerah Pemilihan Kalsel 1.\n\nDiploma Akademi Keuangan Indonesia (1987) S1 STIE Banjarmasin (1987) S2 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya (1996) S3 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya (2012)\n\nWakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (1999-2003) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2007) Ketua Forum Komunikasi Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2008) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2007-2013) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2013-2016)\n\nPembantu Dekan I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1990-1994) Dekan Periode I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1994-1998) Dekan Periode II Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1998-2002) Pembantu Rektor II Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2002-2006) Rektor Periode I Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2006-2010) Rektor Periode II Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2010-2014)\n\nDemi Doktor Rela Jauh Dari Keluarga - Banjarmasin Post, 4 Maret 2012 Profil Caleg\n\nKategori:Guru Indonesia Kategori:Dosen Indonesia Kategori:Rektor Indonesia Kategori:Alumni Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya Kategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan Kategori:Tokoh dari Banjarmasin Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = {{PAGENAME}}\n|image = \n|alt = \n|caption = \n|birth_name = \n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|2|18}}\n|birth_place = [[Banjarmasin]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|nationality = [[Indonesia]]\n|other_names = \n|alma_mater = -STIE Banjarmasin
-[[Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya]]\n|occupation = [[Pengajar]]\n|known_for = Rektor [[Universitas Achmad Yani]]\n|religion = [[Islam]]\n|spouse = \n|children = \n|parents = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dr","translated_text":"The Dr.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". H. Zainul Arifin Noor, SE, MM () adalah seorang pengajar Indonesia.","translated_text":". H. Zainul Arifin Noor, SE, MM () is an Indonesian teacher.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia pernah menjabat sebagai rektor Universitas Achmad Yani, Banjarmasin.","translated_text":"He served as the rector of Achmad Yani University, Banjarmasin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekarang beliau menjabat sebagai seorang Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) dari Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) periode 2014-2019 mewakili Daerah Pemilihan Kalsel 1.","translated_text":"He is currently serving as a Member of the House of Representatives (DPR) from the Party of National Resurrection (PKB) period 2014-2019 representing the Kalsel 1 Constituency.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pendidikan","translated_text":"Education","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diploma Akademi Keuangan Indonesia (1987) S1 STIE Banjarmasin (1987) S2 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya (1996) S3 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya (2012)","translated_text":"Diploma of the Indonesian Finance Academy (1987) S1 STIE Banjarmasin (1987) S2 University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya (1996) S3 University of 17 August 1945 Surabaya (2012)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Organisasi","translated_text":"The organization","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (1999-2003) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2007) Ketua Forum Komunikasi Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Seluruh Indonesia (2003-2008) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2007-2013) Wakil Ketua Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Seluruh Indonesia (2013-2016)","translated_text":"Vice-Chairman of the Association of Colleges of All Indonesia (1999-2003) Vice-Chairman of the Association of Colleges of All Indonesia (2003-2007) Chairman of the Communication Forum of Doctors of Private Colleges of All Indonesia (2003-2008) Vice-Chairman of the Association of Colleges of All Indonesia (2007-2013) Vice-Chairman of the Association of Colleges of All Indonesia (2013-2016)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karier","translated_text":"Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1990-1994) Dekan Periode I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1994-1998) Dekan Periode II Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1998-2002) Pembantu Rektor II Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2002-2006) Rektor Periode I Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2006-2010) Rektor Periode II Universitas Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2010-2014)","translated_text":"Associate Dean of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1990-1994) Associate Dean of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1994-1998) Associate Dean of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (1998-2002) Associate Rector of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2002-2006) Associate Rector of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2006-2010) Associate Rector of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Achmad Yani Banjarmasin (2010-2014)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Demi Doktor Rela Jauh Dari Keluarga - Banjarmasin Post, 4 Maret 2012 Profil Caleg","translated_text":"For the Doctor Rela Far from the Family - Banjarmasin Post, 4 March 2012","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Guru Indonesia Kategori:Dosen Indonesia Kategori:Rektor Indonesia Kategori:Alumni Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya Kategori:Tokoh Banjar Kategori:Tokoh Kalimantan Selatan Kategori:Tokoh dari Banjarmasin Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Kategori:Anggota DPR RI 2014–2019","translated_text":"Category:Teacher of Indonesia Category:Dosen of Indonesia Category:Rektor of Indonesia Category:Alumni University 17 August 1945 Surabaya Category:Thought of Banjar Category:Thought of South Kalimantan Category:Thought of Banjarmasin Category:Politician of Indonesia Category:Politician of the Party of National Resurrection Category:Member of the House of Representatives 2014 ⁇ 2019","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Rambu Solo'","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Tedong_dan_Tradisi_Toraja.jpg|jmpl|250px|''Tedong'' atau kerbau yang digunakan dalam berbagai acara adat di Tana Toraja]]\n'''Rambu Solo'''' adalah sebuah upacara [[pemakaman]] yang mewajibkan [[keluarga]] almarhum membuat sebuah [[pesta]] sebagai tanda penghormatan terakhir pada mendiang yang telah pergi.{{Sfn|Embon dan Suputra|2018|p=3-4}} Kata Rambu Solo' dalam bahasa [[Toraja]] yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang arahnya ke bawah. [[Asap]] yang arahnya ke bawah artinya ritus-ritus persembahan (asap) untuk orang mati yang dilaksanakan sesudah pukul 12 ketika [[matahari]] mulai bergerak menurun. Rambu solo’ sering juga disebut ''Aluk Rampe Matampu’'', ritus-ritus di sebelah barat, sebab sesudah pukul 12 matahari berada di sebelah barat. Oleh karena itu ritus-ritus persembahan dilaksanakan di sebelah barat [[Tongkonan]], rumah adat Toraja.{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 49-52. Upacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar (mahal).{{Sfn|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015|p=179}}\n\nPada pesta kematian (rambu solo’) dilakukan pemotongan ternak [[kerbau]] yang tidak sedikit.{{Sfn|Guntara, Fatchan, dan Ruja|2016|p=155}}\n\n== Pembahasan ==\nUpacara rambu solo’ berasal dari kepercayaan [[Aluk Todolo]].{{Sfn|Guntara, Fatchan, dan Ruja|2016|p=158}} Istilah aluk rambu solo’ terbangun dari tiga kata, yaitu aluk (keyakinan), rambu (asap atau [[sinar]]), dan turun. Dengan demikian, aluk rambu solo’ dapat diartikan sebagai upacara yang dilaksanakan pada waktu sinar matahari mulai turun (terbenam). Sebutan lain untuk upacara ini adalah ''aluk rampe matampu''.\n\nUpacara rambu solo sudah dilaksanakan dimulai kira-kira abat ke-9 [[masehi]] dan dilaksanakan turun-temurun sampai saat ini.{{Sfn|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015|p=176}}\n\nUpacara ini merupakan sebuah transaksi [[ekonomi]] raksasa yang melibatkan dan memberi keuntungan bagi banyak pihak. Bahkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir upacara kematian itu mulai disisipi dengan aktivitas ekonomi. Perekonomian ''rambu solo’'' menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi berbagai profesi sosial, antara lain: ternak babi dan kerbau, jasa [[pembawa acara]], [[Salon kecantikan|salon]] dan dekorasi, sewa soundsystem, [[listrik]], pelapak kaki lima, industri [[rokok]], logistik makanan (tuak, ikan, sayur-sayuran, beras, gula, kue tradisional dan modern, air kemasan, [[kopi]], [[teh]], minuman alkohol).{{Sfn|Sampe|2020|p=27}}\n\nPemberian babi atau kerbau kepada keluarga yang sedang menghadapi ''rambu solo’'' sebagai tanda ikatan [[darah]] daging (rara buku). Membawa babi atau kerbau pada orang dalam rambu solo’ menandakan adanya [[ikatan]] keluarga, seperti [[kerabat]] atau adanya hubungan karena perkawinan dan kenalan yang sudah dianggap sebagai keluarga sendiri. Ada dua jenis pemberian hewan dari keluarga atau kenalan pada orang yang sedang menghadapi pelaksanaan upacara rambu solo’ yakni pemberian sebagai tanda kasih dan turut berduka (pa’uaimata) sebagai kerabat dan pengembalian pemberian yang telah diterima di [[masa lalu]] (tangkean suru’) dan sudah ada rezeki untuk dikembalikan.{{Sfn|Sampe|2020|p=34}}\n\n== Jenis Upacara ==\nJenis upacara ditentukan oleh status orang yang meninggal, dalam [[masyarakat]] Toraja dikenal sebagai ''[[Tana’]]'' atau kelas sosial (kasta). Ada beberapa stratifikasi upacara rambu solo’, sebagai berikut.\n#''Didedekan palungan'', berlaku untuk semua ''tana’''.\n# ''Disilli’'', berlaku untuk semua ''tana’''.\n# ''Dibai Tungga’'', berlaku untuk semua ''tana’''. \n#'Dibai a’pa’'', berlaku untuk semua kelas. \n# ''Tedong tungga’'', berlaku untuk semua kelas. \n#''Tedong tallu'' atau ''tallung bongi'', dikhususkan untuk''tana’ karurung'' ke atas.\n# ''Tedong pitu'', ''limang bongi'', ekslusif bagi anggota ''tana’ bassi''.\n# ''Tedong kasera'', ''pitung bongi'', ekslusif bagi anggota ''tana’bassi'' dan ''tana’ bulaan''. \n# ''Rapasan'', ekslusif bagi anggota ''tana’ bassi'' dan ''tana’ bulaan''.\n\nJenis upacara pertama dan kedua diselenggarakan untuk kematian [[anak]]. Jenis ketiga dan keempat berlaku hanya bagi para [[budak]]. Jenis kelima berlaku untuk semua kelas, termasuk budak asal sanggup menanggung biayanya. Dengan alasan ekonomis jenis upacara ketujuh merupakan yang paling sering dilaksanakan.\n\nTingkatan dalam upacara ''Rambu Solo'' menunjukkan [[strata sosial]] masyarakat. Tingkatan tersebut memiliki 4 macam yaitu:\n# Upacara ''dasilli’'', merupakan upacara pemakamam [[level]] paling rendah dalam Aluk Todolo.{{sfn|Panggarra|2014}}. Upacara ini untuk ''tana’'' terendah dan untuk anak yang belum bergigi.\n# Uacara ''dipasangbongi'', merupakan upacara untuk rakyat biasa/rakyat merdeka (''tana’ Karurung''). Upacara ini hanya memerlukan [[waktu]] satu malam.\n# Upacara ''dibatang'' atau ''digoya Tedong'', merupakan upacara untuk [[bangsawan]] menengah (''tana’ bassi'') dan bangsawan tinggi yang tidak mampu. Upacara ini menyembelih satu ekor kerbau setiap hari selama upacara berlangsung. Kerbau diikat pada patok dan dijaga sepanjang malam dan tidak tidur.\n# Upacara ''rapasan'', merupakan upacara untuk bangsawan tinggi (''tana’ bulaan''). Biaya yang besar dalam menyelenggarakan upacara ''rambu solo'' ditanggung oleh seluruh anggota keluarga. Setiap keluarga berpartisipasi dalam acara tersebut. Partisipasi dilakukan dengan menyerahkan harta benda yang dibutuhkan dalam upacara, terutama ternak hidup seperti kerbau dan [[babi]].{{Sfn|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015|p=181}}\n\n== Biaya Upacara ==\nUpacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan [[biaya]] yang sangat besar (mahal). Biaya yang tinggi tersebut disebabkan oleh banyaknya kerbau dan babi yang dikorbankan, dan lamanya upacara dilaksanakan. Biaya yang besar dalam upacara rambu solo adalah untuk melakukan [[pengorbanan]] utama berupa penyembelihan kerbau belang atau ''tedong bonga''. Selain mengorbankan kerbau belang, upacara rambu solo juga mengorbankan kerbau biasa dan babi yang jumlanya mencapai ratusan ekor bahkan ribuan ekor. Sehingga keseluruhan biayanya dapat mencapai milyaran [[rupiah]]{{Sfn|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015|p=179}}\nPengeluaran dalam perspektif [[budaya]] dilakukan dalam kegiatan perayaan adat tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perolehan pendapatan sebagai ikutannya, walaupun pengeluaran untuk perayaan tersebut membutuhkan pengeluaran biaya yang sangat besar.{{Sfn|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015|p=176}}\n\n== Tata Cara Upacara ==\nUntuk mempersiapkan [[upacara]] rambu solo, didahului oleh beberapa aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan persiapan pelaksanaan upacara tersebut. Kegiatan-kegiatan pendahuluan sebelum upacara dilaksanakan, yakni acara pertemuan keluarga, pembuatan pondok-pondok upacara, menyediakan [[peralatan]] upacara, dan persediaan kurban dalam upacara.{{Sfn|Embon dan Suputra|2018|p=7}}\nPada pesta kematian (rambu solo’) dilakukan pemotongan [[ternak]] kerbau yang tidak sedikit, dan bagi orang Toraja, kerbau dijadikan sebagai hewan kurban dalam acara [[ritual]] pada upacara adat kematian (rambu solo’).{{Sfn|Guntara, Fatchan, dan Ruja|2016|p=155}} Jumlah kerbau dalam prosesi rambu solo’ yang dikurbankan menyesuaikan stratifikasi masyarakat [[Suku Toraja]]. Bila golongan Rapasan (golongan Bangsawan) meninggal [[dunia]] maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding dengan masyarakat yang bukan keturunan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau biasa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan masyarakat golongan Tana’bassi (golongan menengah) diharuskan menyembelih 8 kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi.{{Sfn|Lobo'|2018|p=8}} Lama upacara sekitar 3-7 hari. Tapi sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan ditebing atau ditempat tinggi. Maka dari itu tidak jarang [[jenazah]] disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di atas rumah atau di atas tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban.{{Sfn|Embon dan Suputra|2018|p=3-4}}\n\nMengarak [[mayat]] merupakan sistem pengetahuan dalam [[tradisi]] Rambu Solo karena merupakan peristiwa yang nyata dan sudah dilakukan secara turun-temurun di Toraja. Mayat yang ada di dalam [[peti]] akan diarak dan dibawa ke tempat terakhirnya agar segera menghadap ke Tuhannya. Mayat itu nantinya akan dikuburkan ke tebing.{{Sfn|Hidayah|2018|p=3}}\n\nRambu Solo memiliki beberapa sistem [[simbol]] yang dpat diketahui melalui peristiwa yang terjadi dalam tradisi tersebut. Sistem simbol yang terdapat pada Rambu Solo adalah simbol dalam ritual, simbol nyanyian, simbol bangsawan, simbol [[arwah]], simbol melayat dan simbol kerbau. Ritual dalam Rambu Solo terdiri atas ''Mappassulu', Mangriu' Batu, Ma'popengkaloa, Ma'pasonglo, Mantanu Tedong, dan Mappasilaga Tedong.''{{Sfn|Hidayah|2018|p=7}}\n\n== Nilai-Nilai ==\n[[Gotong royong]], tolong menolong, saling percaya antar warga masyarakat, dan adanya [[jaringan]] yang terbentuk dari hubungan sosial sehari-hari merupakan nilai luhur yang terdapat dalam upacara rambu solo' yang ada dalam lingkup masyarakat Lembang Lea.{{Sfn|Lobo'|2018|p=4}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Daftar Pustaka ==\n*{{cite journal|last=Embon dan Suputra|first=|date=2018|title=Sistem Simbol Dalam Uacara Adat Toraja Rambu Solo: Kajian Semiotik|url=http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/BDS/article/download/10056/8002|journal=Bahasa dan Sastra|volume=3|issue=3|pages=1–10|doi=|issn=2302-2043|ref={{sfnref|Embon dan Suputra|2018}}|url-status=live}}\n*{{cite journal|last=Guntara, Fatchan, dan Ruja|first=|date=2016|title=Kajian Sosial-Budaya Rambu Solo’ Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik|url=http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jptpp/article/download/6116/2573|journal=Jurnal Pendidikan|volume=1|issue=2|pages=154–158|doi=|issn=2502-471X|ref={{sfnref|Guntara, Fatchan, dan Ruja|2016}}|url-status=live}}\n*{{cite journal|last=Hidayah|first=M.N.|date=2018|title=Tradisi Pemakaman Rambu Solo di Tana Toraja dalam Novel Puya ke Puya Karya Faisal Oddang (Kajian Interpretatif Simbolik Clifford Geertz)|url=https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/bapala/article/download/22391/20527|journal=Bapala|volume=1|issue=1|pages=1–10|doi=|issn=|ref={{sfnref|Hidayah, M.N.|2018}}|url-status=live}}\n*{{cite journal|last=Lobo'|first=R.S.T.|date=2018|title=Modal Sosial Pada Upacara Rambu Solo’ di Masyarakat Lembang Lea Kabupaten Tana Toraja|url=https://docplayer.info/storage/97/133600984/1601128873/by5O_UwW_WANOOx8v9D1xA/133600984.pdf|journal=Docplayer|volume=|issue=|pages=1–11|doi=|issn=|ref={{sfnref|Lobo', R.S.T.|2019}}|url-status=live}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n*{{cite journal|last=Sampe|first=N|date=2020|title=Rekonstruksi Paradigma Ekonomis dalam Budaya Rambu Solo’ di Toraja Utara|url=http://www.jurnalbia.com/index.php/bia/article/download/158/pdf|journal=Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual|volume=3|issue=1|pages=26–43|doi=10.34307/b.v3i1.158|issn=2655-4682|ref={{sfnref|Sampe, N|2020}}|url-status=live}}\n*{{cite journal|last=Tumirin dan Abdurahim|first=|date=2015|title=Makna Biaya Dalam Upacara Rambu Solo|url=https://jamal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jamal/article/download/364/433|journal=Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma|volume=6|issue=2|pages=175–184|doi=10.18202/jamal.2015.08.6014|issn=2089-5879|ref={{sfnref|Tumirin dan Abdurahim|2015}}|url-status=live}}\n*Cultura. [https://www.cultura.id/upacara-penyempurnaan-kematian-dalam-rambu-solo Upacara Penyempurnaan Kematian Dalam Rambu Solo’]\n\n[[Kategori:Suku Toraja]]\n[[Kategori:Budaya Indonesia]]","hash":"75c7ced2f4fbac5843076c4b247ac8d56c2a6fea7b2b1fcc42a1412105f58e9c","last_revision":"2024-01-18T03:13:22Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T21:24:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.696808","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Rambu Solo'"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Rambu Solo' adalah sebuah upacara pemakaman yang mewajibkan keluarga almarhum membuat sebuah pesta sebagai tanda penghormatan terakhir pada mendiang yang telah pergi. Kata Rambu Solo' dalam bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang arahnya ke bawah. Asap yang arahnya ke bawah artinya ritus-ritus persembahan (asap) untuk orang mati yang dilaksanakan sesudah pukul 12 ketika matahari mulai bergerak menurun. Rambu solo' sering juga disebut Aluk Rampe Matampu', ritus-ritus di sebelah barat, sebab sesudah pukul 12 matahari berada di sebelah barat. Oleh karena itu ritus-ritus persembahan dilaksanakan di sebelah barat Tongkonan, rumah adat Toraja. Upacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar (mahal).\n\nPada pesta kematian (rambu solo') dilakukan pemotongan ternak kerbau yang tidak sedikit.\n\nUpacara rambu solo' berasal dari kepercayaan Aluk Todolo. Istilah aluk rambu solo' terbangun dari tiga kata, yaitu aluk (keyakinan), rambu (asap atau sinar), dan turun. Dengan demikian, aluk rambu solo' dapat diartikan sebagai upacara yang dilaksanakan pada waktu sinar matahari mulai turun (terbenam). Sebutan lain untuk upacara ini adalah aluk rampe matampu.\n\nUpacara rambu solo sudah dilaksanakan dimulai kira-kira abat ke-9 masehi dan dilaksanakan turun-temurun sampai saat ini.\n\nUpacara ini merupakan sebuah transaksi ekonomi raksasa yang melibatkan dan memberi keuntungan bagi banyak pihak. Bahkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir upacara kematian itu mulai disisipi dengan aktivitas ekonomi. Perekonomian rambu solo' menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi berbagai profesi sosial, antara lain: ternak babi dan kerbau, jasa pembawa acara, salon dan dekorasi, sewa soundsystem, listrik, pelapak kaki lima, industri rokok, logistik makanan (tuak, ikan, sayur-sayuran, beras, gula, kue tradisional dan modern, air kemasan, kopi, teh, minuman alkohol).\n\nPemberian babi atau kerbau kepada keluarga yang sedang menghadapi rambu solo' sebagai tanda ikatan darah daging (rara buku). Membawa babi atau kerbau pada orang dalam rambu solo' menandakan adanya ikatan keluarga, seperti kerabat atau adanya hubungan karena perkawinan dan kenalan yang sudah dianggap sebagai keluarga sendiri. Ada dua jenis pemberian hewan dari keluarga atau kenalan pada orang yang sedang menghadapi pelaksanaan upacara rambu solo' yakni pemberian sebagai tanda kasih dan turut berduka (pa'uaimata) sebagai kerabat dan pengembalian pemberian yang telah diterima di masa lalu (tangkean suru') dan sudah ada rezeki untuk dikembalikan.\n\nJenis upacara ditentukan oleh status orang yang meninggal, dalam masyarakat Toraja dikenal sebagai Tana' atau kelas sosial (kasta). Ada beberapa stratifikasi upacara rambu solo', sebagai berikut. Didedekan palungan, berlaku untuk semua tana'. Disilli', berlaku untuk semua tana'. Dibai Tungga', berlaku untuk semua tana'. 'Dibai a'pa', berlaku untuk semua kelas. Tedong tungga', berlaku untuk semua kelas. Tedong tallu atau tallung bongi, dikhususkan untuktana' karurung ke atas. Tedong pitu, limang bongi, ekslusif bagi anggota tana' bassi. Tedong kasera, pitung bongi, ekslusif bagi anggota tana'bassi dan tana' bulaan. Rapasan, ekslusif bagi anggota tana' bassi dan tana' bulaan.\n\nJenis upacara pertama dan kedua diselenggarakan untuk kematian anak. Jenis ketiga dan keempat berlaku hanya bagi para budak. Jenis kelima berlaku untuk semua kelas, termasuk budak asal sanggup menanggung biayanya. Dengan alasan ekonomis jenis upacara ketujuh merupakan yang paling sering dilaksanakan.\n\nTingkatan dalam upacara Rambu Solo menunjukkan strata sosial masyarakat. Tingkatan tersebut memiliki 4 macam yaitu: Upacara dasilli', merupakan upacara pemakamam level paling rendah dalam Aluk Todolo.. Upacara ini untuk tana' terendah dan untuk anak yang belum bergigi. Uacara dipasangbongi, merupakan upacara untuk rakyat biasa/rakyat merdeka (tana' Karurung). Upacara ini hanya memerlukan waktu satu malam. Upacara dibatang atau digoya Tedong, merupakan upacara untuk bangsawan menengah (tana' bassi) dan bangsawan tinggi yang tidak mampu. Upacara ini menyembelih satu ekor kerbau setiap hari selama upacara berlangsung. Kerbau diikat pada patok dan dijaga sepanjang malam dan tidak tidur. Upacara rapasan, merupakan upacara untuk bangsawan tinggi (tana' bulaan). Biaya yang besar dalam menyelenggarakan upacara rambu solo ditanggung oleh seluruh anggota keluarga. Setiap keluarga berpartisipasi dalam acara tersebut. Partisipasi dilakukan dengan menyerahkan harta benda yang dibutuhkan dalam upacara, terutama ternak hidup seperti kerbau dan babi.\n\nUpacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar (mahal). Biaya yang tinggi tersebut disebabkan oleh banyaknya kerbau dan babi yang dikorbankan, dan lamanya upacara dilaksanakan. Biaya yang besar dalam upacara rambu solo adalah untuk melakukan pengorbanan utama berupa penyembelihan kerbau belang atau tedong bonga. Selain mengorbankan kerbau belang, upacara rambu solo juga mengorbankan kerbau biasa dan babi yang jumlanya mencapai ratusan ekor bahkan ribuan ekor. Sehingga keseluruhan biayanya dapat mencapai milyaran rupiah Pengeluaran dalam perspektif budaya dilakukan dalam kegiatan perayaan adat tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perolehan pendapatan sebagai ikutannya, walaupun pengeluaran untuk perayaan tersebut membutuhkan pengeluaran biaya yang sangat besar.\n\nUntuk mempersiapkan upacara rambu solo, didahului oleh beberapa aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan persiapan pelaksanaan upacara tersebut. Kegiatan-kegiatan pendahuluan sebelum upacara dilaksanakan, yakni acara pertemuan keluarga, pembuatan pondok-pondok upacara, menyediakan peralatan upacara, dan persediaan kurban dalam upacara. Pada pesta kematian (rambu solo') dilakukan pemotongan ternak kerbau yang tidak sedikit, dan bagi orang Toraja, kerbau dijadikan sebagai hewan kurban dalam acara ritual pada upacara adat kematian (rambu solo'). Jumlah kerbau dalam prosesi rambu solo' yang dikurbankan menyesuaikan stratifikasi masyarakat Suku Toraja. Bila golongan Rapasan (golongan Bangsawan) meninggal dunia maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding dengan masyarakat yang bukan keturunan bangsawan. Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau biasa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau. Sedangkan masyarakat golongan Tana'bassi (golongan menengah) diharuskan menyembelih 8 kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi. Lama upacara sekitar 3-7 hari. Tapi sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan ditebing atau ditempat tinggi. Maka dari itu tidak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di atas rumah atau di atas tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban.\n\nMengarak mayat merupakan sistem pengetahuan dalam tradisi Rambu Solo karena merupakan peristiwa yang nyata dan sudah dilakukan secara turun-temurun di Toraja. Mayat yang ada di dalam peti akan diarak dan dibawa ke tempat terakhirnya agar segera menghadap ke Tuhannya. Mayat itu nantinya akan dikuburkan ke tebing.\n\nRambu Solo memiliki beberapa sistem simbol yang dpat diketahui melalui peristiwa yang terjadi dalam tradisi tersebut. Sistem simbol yang terdapat pada Rambu Solo adalah simbol dalam ritual, simbol nyanyian, simbol bangsawan, simbol arwah, simbol melayat dan simbol kerbau. Ritual dalam Rambu Solo terdiri atas Mappassulu', Mangriu' Batu, Ma'popengkaloa, Ma'pasonglo, Mantanu Tedong, dan Mappasilaga Tedong.''\n\nGotong royong, tolong menolong, saling percaya antar warga masyarakat, dan adanya jaringan yang terbentuk dari hubungan sosial sehari-hari merupakan nilai luhur yang terdapat dalam upacara rambu solo' yang ada dalam lingkup masyarakat Lembang Lea.\n\nCultura. Upacara Penyempurnaan Kematian Dalam Rambu Solo'\n\nKategori:Suku Toraja Kategori:Budaya Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rambu Solo' adalah sebuah upacara pemakaman yang mewajibkan keluarga almarhum membuat sebuah pesta sebagai tanda penghormatan terakhir pada mendiang yang telah pergi.","translated_text":"Rambu Solo' is a funeral ceremony that requires the family of the deceased to make a feast as a lasting tribute to the deceased.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata Rambu Solo' dalam bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang arahnya ke bawah.","translated_text":"The word Rambu Solo' in the Toraja language literally means smoke that goes downward.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Asap yang arahnya ke bawah artinya ritus-ritus persembahan (asap) untuk orang mati yang dilaksanakan sesudah pukul 12 ketika matahari mulai bergerak menurun.","translated_text":"The downward-directed smoke means the rites of sacrifice (smoking) for the dead performed after noon when the sun begins to set.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rambu solo' sering juga disebut Aluk Rampe Matampu', ritus-ritus di sebelah barat, sebab sesudah pukul 12 matahari berada di sebelah barat.","translated_text":"Rambu solo' is also often referred to as Aluk Rampe Matampu', a ritual in the west, because after noon the sun is in the west.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu ritus-ritus persembahan dilaksanakan di sebelah barat Tongkonan, rumah adat Toraja.","translated_text":"Hence the rites of sacrifice were carried out west of Tongkonan, the traditional home of the Toraja.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 49-52.","char_index":99,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar (mahal).","translated_text":"Solo hair ceremonies in Tana Toraja are very expensive.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada pesta kematian (rambu solo') dilakukan pemotongan ternak kerbau yang tidak sedikit.","translated_text":"At the feast of the dead (solo feast') a large number of buffalo cattle were cut off.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembahasan","translated_text":"Discussion","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Upacara rambu solo' berasal dari kepercayaan Aluk Todolo.","translated_text":"The solo hair ceremony comes from the beliefs of the Todolo people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah aluk rambu solo' terbangun dari tiga kata, yaitu aluk (keyakinan), rambu (asap atau sinar), dan turun.","translated_text":"The term \"solo hair\" arises from three words, i.e. hair (belief), hair (smoke or light), and down.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan demikian, aluk rambu solo' dapat diartikan sebagai upacara yang dilaksanakan pada waktu sinar matahari mulai turun (terbenam).","translated_text":"Thus, a solo hair shave' can be defined as a ceremony performed at the time when the sun begins to set (set).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebutan lain untuk upacara ini adalah aluk rampe matampu.","translated_text":"Another designation for this ceremony is a matte rampe groove.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Upacara rambu solo sudah dilaksanakan dimulai kira-kira abat ke-9 masehi dan dilaksanakan turun-temurun sampai saat ini.","translated_text":"The solo hairdressing ceremony has been performed since about the 9th century AD and has been performed from generation to generation until today.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Upacara ini merupakan sebuah transaksi ekonomi raksasa yang melibatkan dan memberi keuntungan bagi banyak pihak.","translated_text":"The ceremony was a giant economic transaction involving and benefiting many parties.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahkan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir upacara kematian itu mulai disisipi dengan aktivitas ekonomi.","translated_text":"Even in recent years the death ceremonies have begun to be accompanied by economic activity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perekonomian rambu solo' menjadi sumber pendapatan bagi berbagai profesi sosial, antara lain: ternak babi dan kerbau, jasa pembawa acara, salon dan dekorasi, sewa soundsystem, listrik, pelapak kaki lima, industri rokok, logistik makanan (tuak, ikan, sayur-sayuran, beras, gula, kue tradisional dan modern, air kemasan, kopi, teh, minuman alkohol).","translated_text":"The solo hair economy is a source of income for various social professions, including: pig and buffalo farming, hosting services, salons and decorating, rental soundsystems, electricity, footwear, tobacco industry, food logistics (food, fish, vegetables, rice, sugar, traditional and modern cakes, packaging water, coffee, tea, alcoholic beverages).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemberian babi atau kerbau kepada keluarga yang sedang menghadapi rambu solo' sebagai tanda ikatan darah daging (rara buku).","translated_text":"Giving a pig or buffalo to a family facing a solo hair as a sign of blood ties to the meat (book straw).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Membawa babi atau kerbau pada orang dalam rambu solo' menandakan adanya ikatan keluarga, seperti kerabat atau adanya hubungan karena perkawinan dan kenalan yang sudah dianggap sebagai keluarga sendiri.","translated_text":"Bringing a pig or a buffalo to a person in a solo hair' signals a family bond, such as a relative or a relationship due to marriage and acquaintances already considered family of their own.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada dua jenis pemberian hewan dari keluarga atau kenalan pada orang yang sedang menghadapi pelaksanaan upacara rambu solo' yakni pemberian sebagai tanda kasih dan turut berduka (pa'uaimata) sebagai kerabat dan pengembalian pemberian yang telah diterima di masa lalu (tangkean suru') dan sudah ada rezeki untuk dikembalikan.","translated_text":"There are two kinds of gifts of animals from family or acquaintances to those who are facing the performance of the solo hairdressing ceremony: gifts as a sign of love and compassion (pa'uaimata) as relatives and the return of gifts received in the past (tangkean suru') and there is a provision to be returned.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Jenis Upacara","translated_text":"The type of ceremony","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jenis upacara ditentukan oleh status orang yang meninggal, dalam masyarakat Toraja dikenal sebagai Tana' atau kelas sosial (kasta).","translated_text":"The type of ceremony is determined by the status of the deceased, known in Toraja as Tana' or social class (kasta).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada beberapa stratifikasi upacara rambu solo', sebagai berikut.","translated_text":"There are some stratification of the solo hairdressing ceremony, as follows.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Didedekan palungan, berlaku untuk semua tana'.","translated_text":"Under the scaffold, it applies to all lands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Disilli', berlaku untuk semua tana'.","translated_text":"Disilli, applicable to all lands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dibai Tungga', berlaku untuk semua tana'.","translated_text":"The Single Dibai, applicable to all lands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"'Dibai a'pa', berlaku untuk semua kelas.","translated_text":"'Dibai a'pa', applies to all classes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tedong tungga', berlaku untuk semua kelas.","translated_text":"Stand-alone, applicable to all classes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tedong tallu atau tallung bongi, dikhususkan untuktana' karurung ke atas.","translated_text":"Three-legged or three-legged, reserved for upward curves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tedong pitu, limang bongi, ekslusif bagi anggota tana' bassi.","translated_text":"Seven, five bongi, exclusive to members of the bassoon family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tedong kasera, pitung bongi, ekslusif bagi anggota tana'bassi dan tana' bulaan.","translated_text":"Tedong kasera, seven bongi, exclusive to members of the terra'bassi and terra'balan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rapasan, ekslusif bagi anggota tana' bassi dan tana' bulaan.","translated_text":"Rapasan, exclusive to members of the bassinet and the bassinet.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jenis upacara pertama dan kedua diselenggarakan untuk kematian anak.","translated_text":"The first and second kinds of ceremonies are held for the death of a child.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jenis ketiga dan keempat berlaku hanya bagi para budak.","translated_text":"The third and fourth types only apply to slaves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jenis kelima berlaku untuk semua kelas, termasuk budak asal sanggup menanggung biayanya.","translated_text":"The fifth type applies to all classes, including the aboriginal slaves who can afford it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan alasan ekonomis jenis upacara ketujuh merupakan yang paling sering dilaksanakan.","translated_text":"For economic reasons the seventh type of ceremony is the most frequently performed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 49-52.","char_index":87,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tingkatan dalam upacara Rambu Solo menunjukkan strata sosial masyarakat.","translated_text":"The level in the Rambu Solo ceremony shows the social strata of society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tingkatan tersebut memiliki 4 macam yaitu: Upacara dasilli', merupakan upacara pemakamam level paling rendah dalam Aluk Todolo..","translated_text":"The level has four types: the Dasilli Ceremony, which is the lowest level burial ceremony in the Todolo Valley.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara ini untuk tana' terendah dan untuk anak yang belum bergigi.","translated_text":"This ceremony is for the lowest of the low and for the underprivileged.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uacara dipasangbongi, merupakan upacara untuk rakyat biasa/rakyat merdeka (tana' Karurung).","translated_text":"Uacara is a ceremony for the free people (tana' Karurung).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara ini hanya memerlukan waktu satu malam.","translated_text":"This ceremony only takes one night.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara dibatang atau digoya Tedong, merupakan upacara untuk bangsawan menengah (tana' bassi) dan bangsawan tinggi yang tidak mampu.","translated_text":"The restricted or digoya Tedong ceremony, was a ceremony for middle nobles (tana' bassi) and high nobles who were incapable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara ini menyembelih satu ekor kerbau setiap hari selama upacara berlangsung.","translated_text":"The ceremony slaughtered one buffalo's tail each day during the ceremony.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kerbau diikat pada patok dan dijaga sepanjang malam dan tidak tidur.","translated_text":"The bears were tied to a pole and kept up all night and never slept.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara rapasan, merupakan upacara untuk bangsawan tinggi (tana' bulaan).","translated_text":"The fasting ceremony, was a ceremony for high nobility (tana' bulaan).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biaya yang besar dalam menyelenggarakan upacara rambu solo ditanggung oleh seluruh anggota keluarga.","translated_text":"The large cost of holding a solo hairdressing ceremony is borne by the entire family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setiap keluarga berpartisipasi dalam acara tersebut.","translated_text":"Each family participates in the event.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Partisipasi dilakukan dengan menyerahkan harta benda yang dibutuhkan dalam upacara, terutama ternak hidup seperti kerbau dan babi.","translated_text":"Participation is done by handing over the goods needed in the ceremony, especially live animals such as buffaloes and pigs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biaya Upacara","translated_text":"Costs of the Ceremony","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Upacara rambu solo di Tana Toraja memerlukan biaya yang sangat besar (mahal).","translated_text":"Solo hair ceremonies in Tana Toraja are very expensive.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biaya yang tinggi tersebut disebabkan oleh banyaknya kerbau dan babi yang dikorbankan, dan lamanya upacara dilaksanakan.","translated_text":"The high cost was due to the large number of buffalo and pigs sacrificed, and the length of the ceremony.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biaya yang besar dalam upacara rambu solo adalah untuk melakukan pengorbanan utama berupa penyembelihan kerbau belang atau tedong bonga.","translated_text":"A great expense in a solo hairdressing ceremony was to make a major sacrifice in the form of the slaughter of a beetle or the shadow of a fungus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain mengorbankan kerbau belang, upacara rambu solo juga mengorbankan kerbau biasa dan babi yang jumlanya mencapai ratusan ekor bahkan ribuan ekor.","translated_text":"In addition to sacrificing beetles, the solo barbering ceremony also sacrificed ordinary beetles and pigs that numbered hundreds or even thousands of tails.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sehingga keseluruhan biayanya dapat mencapai milyaran rupiah Pengeluaran dalam perspektif budaya dilakukan dalam kegiatan perayaan adat tidak memiliki keterkaitan dengan perolehan pendapatan sebagai ikutannya, walaupun pengeluaran untuk perayaan tersebut membutuhkan pengeluaran biaya yang sangat besar.","translated_text":"So the total cost can reach billions of rupees The expenditure in the cultural perspective made in the traditional celebration activities has nothing to do with the income as a consequence, although the expenditure for the celebration requires the expenditure of very large expenses.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tata Cara Upacara","translated_text":"The Order of the Ceremony","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Untuk mempersiapkan upacara rambu solo, didahului oleh beberapa aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan persiapan pelaksanaan upacara tersebut.","translated_text":"To prepare the solo hairdressing ceremony, some activities related to the preparation of the performance of the ceremony are preceded.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kegiatan","translated_text":"Activities","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-kegiatan pendahuluan sebelum upacara dilaksanakan, yakni acara pertemuan keluarga, pembuatan pondok-pondok upacara, menyediakan peralatan upacara, dan persediaan kurban dalam upacara.","translated_text":"- preliminary activities prior to the ceremony, such as family gatherings, the making of ceremonial cottages, the provision of ceremonial equipment, and the provision of sacrifices during the ceremony.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada pesta kematian (rambu solo') dilakukan pemotongan ternak kerbau yang tidak sedikit, dan bagi orang Toraja, kerbau dijadikan sebagai hewan kurban dalam acara ritual pada upacara adat kematian (rambu solo').","translated_text":"At the feast of death (solo ram') a small number of buffalo cattle were cut off, and for the Toraja, buffalo were used as sacrificial animals in ritual ceremonies at the customary ceremonies of death (solo ram').","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jumlah kerbau dalam prosesi rambu solo' yang dikurbankan menyesuaikan stratifikasi masyarakat Suku Toraja.","translated_text":"The number of buffalo in the 'solo hair' procession sacrificed adjusted to the stratification of the Toraja people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bila golongan Rapasan (golongan Bangsawan) meninggal dunia maka jumlah kerbau yang akan dipotong untuk keperluan acara jauh lebih banyak dibanding dengan masyarakat yang bukan keturunan bangsawan.","translated_text":"When the Rapasan die, the number of buffalo that will be cut for the purpose of the event is much greater than that of non-nobility.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk keluarga bangsawan, jumlah kerbau biasa berkisar dari 24 sampai dengan 100 ekor kerbau.","translated_text":"For an aristocratic family, the usual number of buffalo ranged from 24 to 100 tails.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan masyarakat golongan Tana'bassi (golongan menengah) diharuskan menyembelih 8 kerbau ditambah dengan 50 ekor babi.","translated_text":"The people of the Tana'bassi (middle-class) are required to slaughter eight buffaloes plus 50 pigs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lama upacara sekitar 3-7 hari.","translated_text":"The ceremony lasted about 3-7 days.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi sebelum jumlah itu mencukupi, jenazah tidak boleh dikuburkan ditebing atau ditempat tinggi.","translated_text":"But before that number is sufficient, the body must not be buried in heaps or high places.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maka dari itu tidak jarang jenazah disimpan selama bertahun-tahun di atas rumah atau di atas tongkonan (rumah adat Toraja) sampai akhirnya keluarga almarhum dapat menyiapkan hewan kurban.","translated_text":"Of these, it is not uncommon for the bodies to be kept for many years on the roof of a house or on a porch (the traditional home of the Toraja) until the family of the deceased can finally prepare the sacrificial animals.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mengarak mayat merupakan sistem pengetahuan dalam tradisi Rambu Solo karena merupakan peristiwa yang nyata dan sudah dilakukan secara turun-temurun di Toraja.","translated_text":"Carrying corpses is a system of knowledge in the Rambu Solo tradition because it is a real event and has been practiced hereditary in Toraja.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mayat yang ada di dalam peti akan diarak dan dibawa ke tempat terakhirnya agar segera menghadap ke Tuhannya.","translated_text":"The bodies that are in the coffin will be picked up and brought to their final resting place to meet their Lord.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mayat itu nantinya akan dikuburkan ke tebing.","translated_text":"The body will be buried on the cliff.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rambu Solo memiliki beberapa sistem simbol yang dpat diketahui melalui peristiwa yang terjadi dalam tradisi tersebut.","translated_text":"Rambu Solo has several symbol systems that are well known through the events that occur in the tradition.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sistem simbol yang terdapat pada Rambu Solo adalah simbol dalam ritual, simbol nyanyian, simbol bangsawan, simbol arwah, simbol melayat dan simbol kerbau.","translated_text":"The system of symbols found in Rambu Solo are symbols in ritual, singing symbols, nobility symbols, spirit symbols, Malay symbols and buffalo symbols.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ritual dalam Rambu Solo terdiri atas Mappassulu', Mangriu' Batu, Ma'popengkaloa, Ma'pasonglo, Mantanu Tedong, dan Mappasilaga Tedong.''","translated_text":"The ritual in Rambu Solo consists of Mappassulu', Mangriu' Batu, Ma'popengkaloa, Ma'pasonglo, Mantanu Tedong, and Mappasilaga Tedong.'","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Nilai-Nilai","translated_text":"Values","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gotong royong, tolong menolong, saling percaya antar warga masyarakat, dan adanya jaringan yang terbentuk dari hubungan sosial sehari-hari merupakan nilai luhur yang terdapat dalam upacara rambu solo' yang ada dalam lingkup masyarakat Lembang Lea.","translated_text":"Support, help, mutual trust among the people of the community, and the network of daily social interactions are the high values found in the solo hairdressing ceremony within the scope of the Lembang Lea community.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar Pustaka","translated_text":"List of libraries","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cultura.","translated_text":"The culture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Upacara Penyempurnaan Kematian Dalam Rambu Solo'","translated_text":"The Perfectionary Ceremony of Death in a Solo Roof","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku Toraja Kategori:Budaya Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian culture and culture","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Asap yang arahnya ke bawah artinya ritus-ritus persembahan (asap) untuk orang mati yang dilaksanakan sesudah pukul 12 ketika matahari mulai bergerak menurun. Rambu solo' sering juga disebut Aluk Rampe Matampu', ritus-ritus di sebelah barat, sebab sesudah pukul 12 matahari berada di sebelah barat. Oleh karena itu ritus-ritus persembahan dilaksanakan di sebelah barat Tongkonan, rumah adat Toraja.","translated_text":"The downward-directed smoke means the rites of sacrifice (smoking) for the dead performed after noon when the sun begins to set. Rambu solo' is also often referred to as Aluk Rampe Matampu', a ritual in the west, because after noon the sun is in the west. Hence the rites of sacrifice were carried out west of Tongkonan, the traditional home of the Toraja.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 49-52.","char_index":397,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jenis ketiga dan keempat berlaku hanya bagi para budak. Jenis kelima berlaku untuk semua kelas, termasuk budak asal sanggup menanggung biayanya. Dengan alasan ekonomis jenis upacara ketujuh merupakan yang paling sering dilaksanakan.","translated_text":"The third and fourth types only apply to slaves. The fifth type applies to all classes, including the aboriginal slaves who can afford it. For economic reasons the seventh type of ceremony is the most frequently performed.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 49-52.","char_index":232,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Rambu Tuka'","wikicode":"{{Underlinked|date=Januari 2023}}\n\n'''Rambu Tuka’''' adalah kata dalam [[Bahasa Toraja]] yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang naik atau arahnya ke atas, artinya asap persembahan itu naik ke langit sebelum matahari mencapai zenit.{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64. ''Rambu Tuka’'' sering juga disebut ''aluk rampe matallo'', ritus-ritus di sebelah timur. Persembahan-persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut. Ritus-ritus dalam rambu tuka' dimaknai sebagai sebuah bentuk permohonan untuk mendapatkan berkat dan segala kebutuhan hidup di dunia ini. Beberapa ritus yang termasuk ke dalam Rambu Tuka' adalah ''Ma' Bua’'', ''Merok'', ''Mangrara Banua'', dan ''Rampanan Kapa’''.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Suku Toraja]]","hash":"7c5410d5bdcc28875d1de95f6f4a81acf02ec0368b3be1be8fe0d36699910719","last_revision":"2023-01-22T14:42:52Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T21:31:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.752810","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Rambu Tuka' adalah kata dalam Bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang naik atau arahnya ke atas, artinya asap persembahan itu naik ke langit sebelum matahari mencapai zenit. Rambu Tuka' sering juga disebut aluk rampe matallo, ritus-ritus di sebelah timur. Persembahan-persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut. Ritus-ritus dalam rambu tuka' dimaknai sebagai sebuah bentuk permohonan untuk mendapatkan berkat dan segala kebutuhan hidup di dunia ini. Beberapa ritus yang termasuk ke dalam Rambu Tuka' adalah Ma' Bua', Merok, Mangrara Banua, dan Rampanan Kapa'.\n\nKategori:Suku Toraja\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rambu Tuka' adalah kata dalam Bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang naik atau arahnya ke atas, artinya asap persembahan itu naik ke langit sebelum matahari mencapai zenit.","translated_text":"Rambu Tuka' is a word in the Toraja language that literally means rising or upward smoke, meaning that the smoke of the offering rises to the sky before the sun reaches its zenith.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":186,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rambu Tuka' sering juga disebut aluk rampe matallo, ritus-ritus di sebelah timur.","translated_text":"Rambu Tuka' is also often called aluk rampe matallo, rites in the east.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":81,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Persembahan","translated_text":"Offerings","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut.","translated_text":"The offerings were addressed to the gods and to the ancestors who were already gods, who are now believed to inhabit the northeastern sky.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":159,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ritus-ritus dalam rambu tuka' dimaknai sebagai sebuah bentuk permohonan untuk mendapatkan berkat dan segala kebutuhan hidup di dunia ini.","translated_text":"The rituals in the harp are interpreted as a form of petition for blessings and all the necessities of life in this world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":137,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa ritus yang termasuk ke dalam Rambu Tuka' adalah Ma' Bua', Merok, Mangrara Banua, dan Rampanan Kapa'.","translated_text":"Some of the rituals included in Rambu Tuka' are Ma' Bua', Merok, Mangrara Banua, and Rampanan Kapa'.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":109,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Suku Toraja","translated_text":"Category:Toray people","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Rambu Tuka' adalah kata dalam Bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang naik atau arahnya ke atas, artinya asap persembahan itu naik ke langit sebelum matahari mencapai zenit.","translated_text":"Rambu Tuka' is a word in the Toraja language that literally means rising or upward smoke, meaning that the smoke of the offering rises to the sky before the sun reaches its zenith.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":186,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Rambu Tuka' adalah kata dalam Bahasa Toraja yang secara harafiah berarti asap yang naik atau arahnya ke atas, artinya asap persembahan itu naik ke langit sebelum matahari mencapai zenit. Rambu Tuka' sering juga disebut aluk rampe matallo, ritus-ritus di sebelah timur.","translated_text":"Rambu Tuka' is a word in the Toraja language that literally means rising or upward smoke, meaning that the smoke of the offering rises to the sky before the sun reaches its zenith. Rambu Tuka' is also often called aluk rampe matallo, rites in the east.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":268,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Rambu Tuka' sering juga disebut aluk rampe matallo, ritus-ritus di sebelah timur. Persembahan -persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut.","translated_text":"Rambu Tuka' is also often called aluk rampe matallo, rites in the east. Offerings The offerings were addressed to the gods and to the ancestors who were already gods, who are now believed to inhabit the northeastern sky.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":253,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Persembahan -persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut. Ritus-ritus dalam rambu tuka' dimaknai sebagai sebuah bentuk permohonan untuk mendapatkan berkat dan segala kebutuhan hidup di dunia ini.","translated_text":"Offerings The offerings were addressed to the gods and to the ancestors who were already gods, who are now believed to inhabit the northeastern sky. The rituals in the harp are interpreted as a form of petition for blessings and all the necessities of life in this world.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":309,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-persembahan tersebut dialamatkan kepada para dewa dan kepada para leluhur yang sudah menjadi dewa, yang sekarang dipercaya mendiami langit sebelah timur laut. Ritus-ritus dalam rambu tuka' dimaknai sebagai sebuah bentuk permohonan untuk mendapatkan berkat dan segala kebutuhan hidup di dunia ini. Beberapa ritus yang termasuk ke dalam Rambu Tuka' adalah Ma' Bua', Merok, Mangrara Banua, dan Rampanan Kapa'.","translated_text":"The offerings were addressed to the gods and to the ancestors who were already gods, who are now believed to inhabit the northeastern sky. The rituals in the harp are interpreted as a form of petition for blessings and all the necessities of life in this world. Some of the rituals included in Rambu Tuka' are Ma' Bua', Merok, Mangrara Banua, and Rampanan Kapa'.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Theodorus Kobong. 2008. ''Injil dan Tongkonan''. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hal. 54-64.","char_index":407,"name":"Theodorus Kobong","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Bruce Metzger","wikicode":"#ALIH[[Bruce M. Metzger]]\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat]]","hash":"f168830e8f1cf91f166758382fd2822119a7031d2dacac81ca3e8e92fb8622c0","last_revision":"2014-04-27T23:11:21Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T23:11:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.808514","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIHBruce M. Metzger\n\nKategori:Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIHBruce M. Metzger","translated_text":"It's not just me, it's me.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat","translated_text":"The Christian Character of the United States","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Daur hidup organisme","wikicode":"Dalam [[biologi]], [[organisme]] menjalani '''daur hidup''' (''life cycle''), suatu proses yang menandai [[perkembangan (biologi)|perkembangan]] suatu [[organisme]] sejak memulai hidupnya di [[bumi]] sampai be[[reproduksi]] untuk mempertahankan keberadaan jenisnya. Proses tersebut merupakan suatu perputaran (daur atau siklus) karena akan kembali pada titik awal mulanya. Dalam daur hidup terlihat perubahan bentuk luar ([[morfologi]]) yang menandai [[fase]] perkembangan suatu individu{{Cite book|last=M.Si|first=Dr Suharno|last2=M.Kes|first2=Dr Dirk Y. P. Runtuboi|last3=Sujarta|first3=Puguh|date=2023-07-26|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OyrNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+daur+hidup++adalah+proses+yang+menandai+perkembangan+suatu+organisme+sejak+memulai+hidupnya+di+bumi+sampai+bereproduksi+untuk+mempertahankan+keberadaan+jenisnya&ots=uHCyeSuB-h&sig=NYDfodoEA60paxSaCtmqi1Cmue0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=daur%20hidup&f=false|title=Buku Ajar Pengantar Bioremediasi|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-623-09-4483-3|language=id}}.\n\nSebagai misal, daur hidup manusia dimulai dari [[zigot]] di dalam [[rahim]], lalu dilahirkan, kemudian mengalami perkembangan dari [[bayi]], [[anak-anak]], [[remaja]], hingga [[dewasa]]. Tahap dewasa adalah tahap ketika individu siap secara biologis untuk bereproduksi. Namun, daur hidup tidak selalu sederhana. Perubahan pada aspek morfologi yang sangat nyata dan genetik sering dijumpai pada kelompok organisme tertentu, yang sering kali diikuti dengan kebutuhan lingkungan hidup yang jauh berbeda. Daur hidup berbagai hewan parasit dapat menjadi contohnya. [[Metamorfosis]] pada [[serangga]] merupakan daur hidup yang menunjukkan perubahan bentuk luar dan lingkungan hidup. [[Pergiliran keturunan]] pada [[tumbuhan]], [[alga]], dan [[cendawan]] merupakan daur hidup yang disertai dengan perubahan morfologi, [[bilangan genom]], dan (kadang-kadan) lingkungan hidup.\n\n== Daur hidup cendawan ==\nPada cendawan, dikenal fase hidup seksual dan aseksual. Pada kedua fase cendawan dapat melakukan [[reproduksi]], baik secara vegetatif (pemisahan berkas hifa) maupun dengan membentuk [[spora]]. Spora biasa dinamakan sesuai dengan organ khusus (sporangium) yang membentuknya.\n\nFase seksual ditandai dengan adanya penggabungan dua tipe [[hifa]] sebelum terbentuk sporangium. Organ pembawa spora seksual untuk fase ini adalah [[askus]] dan [[basidium]]. Fase aseksual menghasilkan organ penghasil spora yang namanya berbeda-beda tergantung bentuk dan penyebab munculnya. [[Konidium]], [[klamidium]], dan [[piknidium]] merupakan organ penghasil spora aseksual.\n\nPada masa sebelum ditemukannya analisis menggunakan [[DNA]], daur hidup cendawan menimbulkan banyak teka-teki bagi para ahli bidang tersebut. Telah diketahui bahwa satu [[spesies|jenis]] cendawan yang sama dapat menjalani dua fase hidup dalam wujud fisik yang jauh berbeda sehingga menimbulkan dualisme penamaan dalam [[klasifikasi]]nya. Cendawan dalam wujud fisik ketika menjalani hidup seksual berada pada bentuk ''teleomorf'', dan ketika menjalani hidup aseksual berada pada bentuk ''anamorf''. Kedua fase ini dapat memiliki nama binomial sendiri-sendiri. Bila kedua fase hidup itu telah dikenal dan diinginkan memberi nama tunggal, maka dikenal nama ''holomorf''. Dualisme ini masih diinginkan dipertahankan karena pada cendawan parasit/ pengganggu sering ditemukan hanya salah satu fase hidup saja yang berperan secara ekonomi/ekologi.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{Commons category|Life cycles}}\n* [http://picasaweb.google.com/srither240255/CycleOfSilkworm# Silk worm Life cycle photos]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}\n* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8icTHQAACAAJ&dq=Life+cycles+%E2%80%94+Reflections+of+an+evolutionary+biologist:+By+John+Tyler+Bonner&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=8rT5UKbGNejo0gH12YH4Bw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA ''Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist.'' John Tyler Bonner. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey).]\n* {{cite journal | last1 = Valero | first1 = M | year = 1992 | title = Evolution of alternation of haploid and diploid phases in life cycles | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016953479290195H | journal = Trends in Ecology & Evolution | volume = 7 | issue = 1| pages = 25–29 | doi=10.1016/0169-5347(92)90195-h}}\n* {{cite journal | last1 = Mable | first1 = B. | last2 = Otto | first2 = S. | year = 1998 | title = The evolution of life cycles with haploid and diploid phase | url = http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/Reprints/Mable1998.pdf | journal = BioEssays | volume = 20 | issue = 6| pages = 453–462 | doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199806)20:6<453::aid-bies3>3.0.co;2-n}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Biologi]]\n[[Kategori:Reproduksi]]\n\n\n{{biologi-stub}}","hash":"74dd2c15dbb763afe8f65ba5257126091b1ea1f614dea666d7f93e7714f9dc30","last_revision":"2024-01-19T08:29:16Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T23:25:48Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.874778","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"دورة حياة (أحياء)","bcl":"Biolohikong siklo nin buhay","bg":"Кръговрат на живота","bs":"Životni ciklus","ca":"Cicle biològic","cs":"Životní cyklus","cy":"Cylchred bywyd","da":"Livscyklus","el":"Βιολογικός κύκλος της ζωής","en":"Biological life cycle","eo":"Vivciklo (biologio)","es":"Ciclo biológico de vida","et":"Elutsükkel","fa":"چرخه زندگی زیستی","fi":"Elinkierto","fr":"Cycle de vie (biologie)","ga":"Timthriall na beatha","he":"מחזור חיים","hi":"जीववैज्ञानिक जीवन चक्र","hy":"Կենդանի օրգանիզմի կենսական ցիկլ","it":"Ciclo vitale biologico","ja":"生活環","ka":"სასიცოცხლო ციკლი (ბიოლოგია)","ko":"생활환","lfn":"Sicle de vive","lt":"Gyvenimo ciklas","mdf":"Эряфонь пинге","mk":"Биолошки животен циклус","ml":"ജീവിതചക്രം","ms":"Kitaran hidup (biologi)","ne":"जीववैज्ञानिक जीवन चक्र","nl":"Levenscyclus","pl":"Cykl życiowy","ps":"د بيالوژيکي ژوند دوران","pt":"Ciclo de vida","ru":"Жизненный цикл (биология)","simple":"Life cycle","sk":"Životný cyklus","sr":"Репродуктивни циклус","sv":"Livscykel","ta":"வா��்க்கை வட்டம் (உயிரியல்)","tr":"Biyolojik yaşam döngüsü","uk":"Біологічний життєвий цикл","ur":"دور حیات","uz":"Hayotiy sikl","vi":"Chu kỳ sống","zh":"生物生命週期"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Dalam biologi, organisme menjalani daur hidup (life cycle), suatu proses yang menandai perkembangan suatu organisme sejak memulai hidupnya di bumi sampai bereproduksi untuk mempertahankan keberadaan jenisnya. Proses tersebut merupakan suatu perputaran (daur atau siklus) karena akan kembali pada titik awal mulanya. Dalam daur hidup terlihat perubahan bentuk luar (morfologi) yang menandai fase perkembangan suatu individu.\n\nSebagai misal, daur hidup manusia dimulai dari zigot di dalam rahim, lalu dilahirkan, kemudian mengalami perkembangan dari bayi, anak-anak, remaja, hingga dewasa. Tahap dewasa adalah tahap ketika individu siap secara biologis untuk bereproduksi. Namun, daur hidup tidak selalu sederhana. Perubahan pada aspek morfologi yang sangat nyata dan genetik sering dijumpai pada kelompok organisme tertentu, yang sering kali diikuti dengan kebutuhan lingkungan hidup yang jauh berbeda. Daur hidup berbagai hewan parasit dapat menjadi contohnya. Metamorfosis pada serangga merupakan daur hidup yang menunjukkan perubahan bentuk luar dan lingkungan hidup. Pergiliran keturunan pada tumbuhan, alga, dan cendawan merupakan daur hidup yang disertai dengan perubahan morfologi, bilangan genom, dan (kadang-kadan) lingkungan hidup.\n\nPada cendawan, dikenal fase hidup seksual dan aseksual. Pada kedua fase cendawan dapat melakukan reproduksi, baik secara vegetatif (pemisahan berkas hifa) maupun dengan membentuk spora. Spora biasa dinamakan sesuai dengan organ khusus (sporangium) yang membentuknya.\n\nFase seksual ditandai dengan adanya penggabungan dua tipe hifa sebelum terbentuk sporangium. Organ pembawa spora seksual untuk fase ini adalah askus dan basidium. Fase aseksual menghasilkan organ penghasil spora yang namanya berbeda-beda tergantung bentuk dan penyebab munculnya. Konidium, klamidium, dan piknidium merupakan organ penghasil spora aseksual.\n\nPada masa sebelum ditemukannya analisis menggunakan DNA, daur hidup cendawan menimbulkan banyak teka-teki bagi para ahli bidang tersebut. Telah diketahui bahwa satu jenis cendawan yang sama dapat menjalani dua fase hidup dalam wujud fisik yang jauh berbeda sehingga menimbulkan dualisme penamaan dalam klasifikasinya. Cendawan dalam wujud fisik ketika menjalani hidup seksual berada pada bentuk teleomorf, dan ketika menjalani hidup aseksual berada pada bentuk anamorf. Kedua fase ini dapat memiliki nama binomial sendiri-sendiri. Bila kedua fase hidup itu telah dikenal dan diinginkan memberi nama tunggal, maka dikenal nama holomorf. Dualisme ini masih diinginkan dipertahankan karena pada cendawan parasit/ pengganggu sering ditemukan hanya salah satu fase hidup saja yang berperan secara ekonomi/ekologi.\n\nSilk worm Life cycle photos Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist. John Tyler Bonner. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey).\n\nKategori:Biologi Kategori:Reproduksi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam biologi, organisme menjalani daur hidup (life cycle), suatu proses yang menandai perkembangan suatu organisme sejak memulai hidupnya di bumi sampai bereproduksi untuk mempertahankan keberadaan jenisnya.","translated_text":"In biology, an organism undergoes a life cycle, a process that marks the development of an organism from the beginning of its life on earth to reproducing to maintain its species.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Proses tersebut merupakan suatu perputaran (daur atau siklus) karena akan kembali pada titik awal mulanya.","translated_text":"The process is a rotation (cycle or cycle) because it will return to its starting point.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam daur hidup terlihat perubahan bentuk luar (morfologi) yang menandai fase perkembangan suatu individu.","translated_text":"In the life cycle there are changes in the outward shape (morphology) that mark the developmental phase of an individual.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite book|last=M.Si|first=Dr Suharno|last2=M.Kes|first2=Dr Dirk Y. P. Runtuboi|last3=Sujarta|first3=Puguh|date=2023-07-26|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OyrNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+daur+hidup++adalah+proses+yang+menandai+perkembangan+suatu+organisme+sejak+memulai+hidupnya+di+bumi+sampai+bereproduksi+untuk+mempertahankan+keberadaan+jenisnya&ots=uHCyeSuB-h&sig=NYDfodoEA60paxSaCtmqi1Cmue0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=daur%20hidup&f=false|title=Buku Ajar Pengantar Bioremediasi|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-623-09-4483-3|language=id}}","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OyrNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+daur+hidup++adalah+proses+yang+menandai+perkembangan+suatu+organisme+sejak+memulai+hidupnya+di+bumi+sampai+bereproduksi+untuk+mempertahankan+keberadaan+jenisnya&ots=uHCyeSuB-h&sig=NYDfodoEA60paxSaCtmqi1Cmue0&redir_esc=y","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1858,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.542311-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebagai misal, daur hidup manusia dimulai dari zigot di dalam rahim, lalu dilahirkan, kemudian mengalami perkembangan dari bayi, anak-anak, remaja, hingga dewasa.","translated_text":"For example, the human life cycle begins with the zygote in the womb, then is born, then develops from infants, children, adolescents, to adults.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahap dewasa adalah tahap ketika individu siap secara biologis untuk bereproduksi.","translated_text":"The adult stage is the stage when an individual is biologically ready to reproduce.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, daur hidup tidak selalu sederhana.","translated_text":"However, the life cycle is not always simple.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perubahan pada aspek morfologi yang sangat nyata dan genetik sering dijumpai pada kelompok organisme tertentu, yang sering kali diikuti dengan kebutuhan lingkungan hidup yang jauh berbeda.","translated_text":"Changes in highly visible morphological and genetic aspects are often found in certain groups of organisms, which are often accompanied by significantly different environmental needs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Daur hidup berbagai hewan parasit dapat menjadi contohnya.","translated_text":"The life cycle of various parasitic animals can be an example.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metamorfosis pada serangga merupakan daur hidup yang menunjukkan perubahan bentuk luar dan lingkungan hidup.","translated_text":"Metamorphosis in insects is a life cycle that shows changes in external forms and the environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pergiliran keturunan pada tumbuhan, alga, dan cendawan merupakan daur hidup yang disertai dengan perubahan morfologi, bilangan genom, dan (kadang-kadan) lingkungan hidup.","translated_text":"Genetic alternation in plants, algae, and fungi is a life cycle accompanied by changes in morphology, genomic numbers, and (sometimes) habitat.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daur hidup cendawan","translated_text":"Life cycle of fungi","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada cendawan, dikenal fase hidup seksual dan aseksual.","translated_text":"In fungi, known sexual and asexual life phases.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada kedua fase cendawan dapat melakukan reproduksi, baik secara vegetatif (pemisahan berkas hifa) maupun dengan membentuk spora.","translated_text":"In both phases the fungus can reproduce, both vegetatively (hypha file separation) and by forming spores.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Spora biasa dinamakan sesuai dengan organ khusus (sporangium) yang membentuknya.","translated_text":"The common spore is named after the special organ (sporangium) that forms it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Fase seksual ditandai dengan adanya penggabungan dua tipe hifa sebelum terbentuk sporangium.","translated_text":"The sexual phase is characterized by the fusion of two types of hyphae before the formation of the sporangium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Organ pembawa spora seksual untuk fase ini adalah askus dan basidium.","translated_text":"The sexual spore-carrying organs for this phase are the ascus and basidium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fase aseksual menghasilkan organ penghasil spora yang namanya berbeda-beda tergantung bentuk dan penyebab munculnya.","translated_text":"The asexual phase produces spore-producing organs that have different names depending on the form and cause of their appearance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konidium, klamidium, dan piknidium merupakan organ penghasil spora aseksual.","translated_text":"Konidium, klamidium, and piknidium are asexual spore-producing organs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada masa sebelum ditemukannya analisis menggunakan DNA, daur hidup cendawan menimbulkan banyak teka-teki bagi para ahli bidang tersebut.","translated_text":"In the days before DNA analysis was invented, the life cycle of fungi posed many puzzles for experts in the field.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Telah diketahui bahwa satu jenis cendawan yang sama dapat menjalani dua fase hidup dalam wujud fisik yang jauh berbeda sehingga menimbulkan dualisme penamaan dalam klasifikasinya.","translated_text":"It has been known that the same type of fungus can undergo two phases of life in vastly different physical forms resulting in a naming dualism in its classification.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cendawan dalam wujud fisik ketika menjalani hidup seksual berada pada bentuk teleomorf, dan ketika menjalani hidup aseksual berada pada bentuk anamorf.","translated_text":"Fungi in physical form when living a sexual life are teleomorphic, and when living an asexual life are anamorphic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kedua fase ini dapat memiliki nama binomial sendiri-sendiri.","translated_text":"Both of these phases can have their own binomial names.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bila kedua fase hidup itu telah dikenal dan diinginkan memberi nama tunggal, maka dikenal nama holomorf.","translated_text":"Once the two phases of life have been identified and desired to give a single name, they are known as holomorphs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dualisme ini masih diinginkan dipertahankan karena pada cendawan parasit/ pengganggu sering ditemukan hanya salah satu fase hidup saja yang berperan secara ekonomi/ekologi.","translated_text":"This dualism is still desirable to preserve because in parasitic/disruptive fungi it is often found that only one phase of life plays an economic/ecological role.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Silk worm Life cycle photos Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist.","translated_text":"Silk worm Life cycle photos Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"John Tyler Bonner.","translated_text":"This is John Tyler Bonner.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey).","translated_text":"The Princeton University Press is located in Princeton, New Jersey.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite journal | last1 = Valero | first1 = M | year = 1992 | title = Evolution of alternation of haploid and diploid phases in life cycles | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016953479290195H | journal = Trends in Ecology & Evolution | volume = 7 | issue = 1| pages = 25–29 | doi=10.1016/0169-5347(92)90195-h}}","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016953479290195H","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":727917,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.610661-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite journal | last1 = Mable | first1 = B. | last2 = Otto | first2 = S. | year = 1998 | title = The evolution of life cycles with haploid and diploid phase | url = http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/Reprints/Mable1998.pdf | journal = BioEssays | volume = 20 | issue = 6| pages = 453–462 | doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199806)20:6<453::aid-bies3>3.0.co;2-n}}","char_index":51,"name":null,"url":"http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/Reprints/Mable1998.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.834931-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Biologi Kategori:Reproduksi","translated_text":"Categories: Biology and related topics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Dalam biologi, organisme menjalani daur hidup (life cycle), suatu proses yang menandai perkembangan suatu organisme sejak memulai hidupnya di bumi sampai bereproduksi untuk mempertahankan keberadaan jenisnya. Proses tersebut merupakan suatu perputaran (daur atau siklus) karena akan kembali pada titik awal mulanya. Dalam daur hidup terlihat perubahan bentuk luar (morfologi) yang menandai fase perkembangan suatu individu.","translated_text":"In biology, an organism undergoes a life cycle, a process that marks the development of an organism from the beginning of its life on earth to reproducing to maintain its species. The process is a rotation (cycle or cycle) because it will return to its starting point. In the life cycle there are changes in the outward shape (morphology) that mark the developmental phase of an individual.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite book|last=M.Si|first=Dr Suharno|last2=M.Kes|first2=Dr Dirk Y. P. Runtuboi|last3=Sujarta|first3=Puguh|date=2023-07-26|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OyrNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+daur+hidup++adalah+proses+yang+menandai+perkembangan+suatu+organisme+sejak+memulai+hidupnya+di+bumi+sampai+bereproduksi+untuk+mempertahankan+keberadaan+jenisnya&ots=uHCyeSuB-h&sig=NYDfodoEA60paxSaCtmqi1Cmue0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=daur%20hidup&f=false|title=Buku Ajar Pengantar Bioremediasi|publisher=Deepublish|isbn=978-623-09-4483-3|language=id}}","char_index":422,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=OyrNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=+daur+hidup++adalah+proses+yang+menandai+perkembangan+suatu+organisme+sejak+memulai+hidupnya+di+bumi+sampai+bereproduksi+untuk+mempertahankan+keberadaan+jenisnya&ots=uHCyeSuB-h&sig=NYDfodoEA60paxSaCtmqi1Cmue0&redir_esc=y","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":1858,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.542311-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (18 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Silk worm Life cycle photos Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist. John Tyler Bonner. Princeton University Press, Princeton (New Jersey).","translated_text":"Silk worm Life cycle photos Life Cycles: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist. This is John Tyler Bonner. The Princeton University Press is located in Princeton, New Jersey.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite journal | last1 = Valero | first1 = M | year = 1992 | title = Evolution of alternation of haploid and diploid phases in life cycles | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016953479290195H | journal = Trends in Ecology & Evolution | volume = 7 | issue = 1| pages = 25–29 | doi=10.1016/0169-5347(92)90195-h}}","char_index":153,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016953479290195H","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":727917,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.610661-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (33 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite journal | last1 = Mable | first1 = B. | last2 = Otto | first2 = S. | year = 1998 | title = The evolution of life cycles with haploid and diploid phase | url = http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/Reprints/Mable1998.pdf | journal = BioEssays | volume = 20 | issue = 6| pages = 453–462 | doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199806)20:6<453::aid-bies3>3.0.co;2-n}}","char_index":153,"name":null,"url":"http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/Reprints/Mable1998.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"application/pdf","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:18.834931-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Bruce M. Metzger","wikicode":"{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}\n{{Infobox theologian\n|name=Bruce Manning Metzger\n|image=Bruce Metzger.JPG\n|era=abad ke-20\n|birth_date={{birth date|1914|02|09}}\n|birth_place=[[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown, Pennsylvania]]\n|death_date={{death date and age|2007|02|13|1914|02|09}}\n|death_place=[[Princeton, New Jersey]]\n|occupation= sarjana [[Alkitab]], kritik tekstual, instruktur, pengarang\n|nationality= [[Amerika Serikat]]\n|tradition_movement=\n|main_interests=[[New Testament Text Criticism]], [[Kanon]] [[Perjanjian Baru]]\n|notable_works=''Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek'', ''The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and significance''\n|spouse= Isobel Mackay\n|children= John, James\n}}\n\n'''Bruce Manning Metzger''' ({{lahirmati|Middletown, Pennsylvania|9|2|1914|Princeton, New Jersey|13|2|2007}}) adalah seorang sarjana [[Alkitab]] dan kritik tekstual yang berasal dari [[Amerika Serikat]] yang lama menjabat sebagai [[profesor]] pada [[Princeton Theological Seminary]] dan penyunting Alkitab yang duduk pada ''board'' dari [[American Bible Society]] dan [[United Bible Societies]]. Ia merupakan sarjana [[bahasa Yunani]], [[Perjanjian Baru]], dan kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru, serta menulis artikel-artikel penting mengenai topik ini. Metzger secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu sarjana Perjanjian Baru yang paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20.{{Cite web |url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |title=New Testament Scholar and Bible Translator Bruce Metzger Dies |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |dead-url=yes }}http://www.ncccusa.org/news/070214metzger.html\n\n== Biografi ==\nMetzger dilahirkan di [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown, Pennsylvania]]. Ia meraih gelar BA (1935) pada [[Lebanon Valley College]].{{citation|url=https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|title=A Centennial Tribute to Bruce Metzger: Remembering His Achievements, Influence, and Legacy|date=24 January 2014|publisher=Princeton Seminary|accessdate=12 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|dead-url=yes}} Metzger mendapatkan latihan akademik kuat dalam bahasa Yunani sebelum masuk ke Princeton Seminary, dan pada musim panas sebelum masuk seminari itu, ia telah menyelesaikan pembacaan seluruh Alkitab berturut-turut dua belas kali.Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 12. Ia meriah gelar [[Bachelor of Theology|ThB]] pada tahun 1938 di [[Princeton Theological Seminary]], dan pada musim gugur tahun 1938 mulai mengajar di Princeton sebagai seorang [[Fellow|Teaching Fellow]] dalam bidang [[bahasa Yunani Koine]]. Pada tanggal 11 April 1939, ia ditahb iskan dalam gereja \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\",Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 42. yang kemudian bergabung dan sekarang dikenal sebagai [[Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)]]. Pada tahun 1940, ia meraih gelar [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|MA]] dari [[Princeton University]] dan menjadi seorang instruktur [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Dua tahun kemudian, ia meraih gelar Ph.D. (\"Studies in a Greek Gospel Lectionary ([[Lectionary 303|Greg. 303]])\"; Studi mengenai suatu Leksionari Injil bahasa Yunani Greg. 303), juga dari [[Princeton University]].\n\nPada tahun 1944, Metzger menikah dengan Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, putri presiden ketiga Princeton Seminary, [[John A. Mackay]].Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 32. Tahun itu, ia dipromosikan menjadi Assistant Professor. Pada tahun 1948, ia menjadi Associate Professor, dan Profesor penuh pada tahun 1954. Pada tahun 1964, Metzger dinamakan \"George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature\". Pada tahun 1971, ia dipilih sebagai presiden baik pada [[Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas]] dan [[Society of Biblical Literature]]. Pada tahun berikutnya, ia menjadi presiden \"North American Patristic Society\". Metzger adalah ''visiting fellow'' pada [[Clare Hall, Cambridge]] pada tahun 1974 dan [[Wolfson College, Oxford]] pada tahun 1979. Pada tahun 1978 ia dipilih menjadi ''corresponding fellow'' [[British Academy]], penghargaan tertinggi Akademi tersebut untuk orang-orang yang bukan penduduk [[Britania Raya]]. Pada usia 70 tahun, setelah mengajar di Princeton Theological Seminary selama 46 tahun, ia pensiun sebagai \"Professor [[Emeritus]]\". Pada tahun 1994, Bruce Metzger diberi penghargaan \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" oleh [[British Academy]]. Ia diberi penghargaan gelar [[honorary doctorate]] dari [[Lebanon Valley College]], [[University of Findlay|Findlay College]], [[University of St Andrews]], [[University of Münster]] dan [[Potchefstroom Campus|Potchefstroom University]]. \"Pengetahuan Metzger yang tak tertandingi dalam bahasa-bahasa relevan, kuno dan modern; pertimbangannya yang seimbang; dan perhatiannya yang cermat pada detail menyebabkan ia dihormati di seluruh kalangan teologi dan akademi.\"James H. Moorhead, Princeton Seminary in American Religion and Culture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012): 434.\n\nTidak lama setelah ulangtahun ke-83, Metzger meninggal di [[Princeton, New Jersey]]. Ia meninggalkan istrinya Isobel dan kedua putra mereka, John Mackay Metzger dan James Bruce Metzger.\n\n== Buku dan Komentari ==\n[[Berkas:Kurt Aland - American Bible Society.jpg|jmpl|Metzger, Aland, Wikgren, Black]]\n\nMetzger menyunting dan menyediakan komentari pada banyak terjemahan Alkitab dan menulis lusinan buku. Ia adalah seorang penyunting pada [[United Bible Societies]] untuk Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani standar, titik awal hampir semua terjemahan Perjanjian Baru yang terbaru. Pada tahun 1952, ia menjadi seorang kontributor pada [[Alkitab]] [[Revised Standard Version]] (RSV), dan merupakan penyunting umum [[Revised Standard Version#Adaptations of the RSV|''Reader's Digest Bible'']] (sebuah versi singkat RSV) pada tahun 1982. Dari tahun 1977 sampai 1990, ia menjadi ketua Committee on Translators untuk [[Alkitab]] [[New Revised Standard Version]] (NRSV) dan \"banyak bertanggung jawab untuk ... mengawai [NRSV] masuk percetakan.\"[http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]] Ia menganggap suatu kehormatan untuk dapat menghadiahkan NRSV — yang memasukkan buku-buku yang dianggap [[Apokrif]] oleh kalangan [[Protestan]], meskipun [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dan [[Gereja Ortodoks Timur]] menganggap sebagai [[deuterokanonika]]— kepada [[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]] dan [[Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople]].\n\nKontribusi utamanya pada studi Perjanjian Baru adalah trilogi karyanya: ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration'' (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); ''The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations'' (1977); ''The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance'' (1987).James A. Brooks, \"Bruce Metzger as Textual Critic,\" Princeton Seminary Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 2, new series (1994), 157. Volume pertama dari suatu seri yang dimulai dan disuntingnya, ''New Testament Tools and Studies,'' yang muncul pada tahun 1960.\n\n\n== Karya tulis ==\n\n=== ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration'' ===\n''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration'' merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Buku ini secara khusus membahas permasalahan otentisitas dari teks Perjanjian Baru. Penerbitan buku ini pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1985. Penerbitnya adalah [[Oxford University Press]].{{Sfn|Husaini|2005|p=42}}\n\n=== ''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' ===\n''A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks [[Perjanjian Baru]]. Buku ini diterbitkan oleh [[United Bible Societies]] dengan edisi koreksi pada tahun 1975. Pada bagian pembukaan dari bukunya ini, Friedman menjelaskan tentang dua kondisi yang selalu dialami oleh penafsir Alkitab. Pertama, tidak adanya dokumen Alkitab yang asli. Kedua, naskah-naskah Alkitab yang ada sangat bermacam-macam dan berbeda satu sama lain.{{Sfn|Husaini|2005|p=42-43}}\n\nLalu pada bagian isi, Metzger menjelaskan tentang kerumitan dari kanonifikasi teks Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa asalnya, yaitu bahasa Yunani. Ia menjelaskan bahwa keragaman teks tidak dapat dihindari, karena banyaknya ragam teks dan manuskrip Perjanjian Baru. Dalam bahasa Yunani, tersedia sekitar lima ribu naskah Perjanjian Baru yang berbeda satu sama lain. Metzger juga menjelaskan dalam bukunya ini bahwa Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa Yunani pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1516 di [[Basel]]. Naskahnya disiapkan oleh Desiderius Erasmus. Penulisan lengkap dari Perjanjian Baru dilakukannya dengan menggabungkan isi dari manuskrip-manuskrip yang tidak lengkap. Salah satunya dalam penulisan Kitab Kejadian yang ditulisnya dengan menggunakan versi bahasa Latin yang disebut [[Vulgata]]. Naskah tersebut disusun oleh [[Hieronimus]]. Menurut Metzger, penggabungan ini memberikan masalah karena keterbatasan bahasa Latin dalam mewakili bahasa Yunani.{{Sfn|Husaini|2005|p=43}}\n\n=== ''The Early Versions of the New Testaments'' ===\n''The Early Versions of the New Testaments'' membahas tentang permasalahan [[penerjemahan Alkitab]] bahasa Yunani ke dalam bahasa Latin. Dalam buku ini, Metzger banyak mengutip tulisan dari [[Bonifatius FIscher]] yang berjudul ''Limitation of Latin in Representing Greek''. Bahasa Latin dianggap sangat dapat mewakili penerjemahan Alkitab dari bahasa Yunani. Namun, beberapa ungkapan bahasa Yunani tetap tidak dapat diwakilkan ke dalam bahasa Latin.{{Sfn|Husaini|2005|p=43}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n=== Catatan kaki ===\n{{Reflist}}\n\n=== Daftar pustaka ===\n\n* {{Cite book|last=Husaini|first=Adian|date=2005|title=Wajah Peradaban Barat: Dari Hegemoni Kristen ke Dominasi Sekuler Liberal|location=Jakarta|publisher=Gema Insani|isbn=978-602-250-517-4|ref={{sfnref|Husaini|2005}}|url-status=live}}\n\n== Daftar buku dan publikasi ==\n* ''Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John'' (2006)\n* ''The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration'' (1964). 2005 4th edition with [[Bart D. Ehrman]], ISBN 0-19-516122-X\n* ''The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content'' (2003, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-227-17025-0)\n* ''The Oxford Essential Guide to Ideas and Issues of the Bible'' (2002 with [[Michael D. Coogan]])\n* ''The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible'' (2001 with Michael D. Coogan)\n* ''The Bible in Translation, Ancient and English Versions'' (2001)\n* ''Greek New Testament'' (2000 with B. Aland)\n* ''Breaking the Code: Understanding the Book of Revelation: Leader's Guide'' (1999)\n* ''Reminiscences of an Octogenarian'' (1997)\n* ''The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance'' (1997)\n* ''Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament'' (1994)\n* ''The Oxford Companion to the Bible'' (1993 with Michael D. Coogan)\n* ''The Reader's Bible'' (1983)\n* ''Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography'' (1981).\n* ''Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek'' (1969)\n* ''List of Words Occuring Frequently in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect)'' (1961) – note: \"occuring\" is misspelled in the published title\n* ''Introduction to the Apocrypha'' (1957)\n* ''The Oxford Concise Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Holy Bible'' (1962 with Isobel M. Metzger)\n* ''The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible'' (1991 with Robert C. Denton and Walter Harrelson)\n\n=== Daftar Terjemahan ===\n\n* ''The NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha, Compact Edition'' (2003)\n* ''New Revised Standard Version'' (1989)\n* ''Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version'' (1977)\n* ''The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version, Expanded Edition'' (1977 with [[Herbert G. May]])\n* ''Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha of the Old Testament'' (1977)\n\n=== ''Festschriften'' ===\n\n* ''New Testament Textual Criticism: Its Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Honour of Bruce M. Metzger,'' ed. Eldon Jay Epp and Gordon D. Fee (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981)\n* ''A South African Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger during His Visit to South Africa in 1985,'' ed. J.H. Petzer and P.J. Hartin (Leiden: Brill, 1986)\n* ''The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis,'' ed. Bart D. Ehrman and Michael W. Holmes, (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989)\n\n=== Artikel ===\n\n* “The Meaning of Christ’s Ascension,” ''Christianity Today,'' vol. 10, no. 17 (May 27, 1966): 3–4.\n* “Names for the Nameless in the New Testament: A Study in the Growth of Christian Tradition,” in Patrick Granfield & Josef A. Jungmann (eds.), ''Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten,'' 2 vols. (Münster, Verlag Aschendorff, 1970) vol. 1: 79–99.\n* “Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of the New Testament,” ''New Testament Studies,'' vol. 18, pp. 379–400. Presidential Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, delivered August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.\n* “Literary Forgeries and Canonical Pseudepigrapha,” ''Journal of Biblical Literature,'' vol. 91, pp. 3–24. (1972). Presidential address, Society of Biblical Literature, delivered October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.\n* “How Well Do You Know the Apocrypha?” ''Guideposts'' (November 1984): 28–31.\n\n=== Wawancara ===\n\n* \"Bruce M. Metzger, Ph.D.\" in ''The Case for Christ'' oleh [[Lee Strobel]], 57-71. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1998.\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* [http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]]\n* [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2007/februaryweb-only/107-42.0.html Tribute] from [[Ben Witherington]]\n* [http://www.bible.org/page.php?page_id=4862 Tribute] from [[Daniel B. Wallace]]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Metzger, Bruce}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat]]\n[[Kategori:Ahli Alkitab]]\n[[Kategori:Princeton Theological Seminary]]\n[[Kategori:Lebanon Valley College]]\n[[Kategori:Fellows of the British Academy]]\n\n{{Persondata \n|NAME = Metzger, Bruce\n|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =\n|SHORT DESCRIPTION =\n|DATE OF BIRTH = February 9, 1914\n|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown, Pennsylvania]]\n|DATE OF DEATH = February 13, 2007\n|PLACE OF DEATH = [[Princeton, New Jersey]]\n}}","hash":"5c1abd396bc17ff475c8f57641f4fba5ca5d09a7df20c1f06edb96d1303df288","last_revision":"2023-06-08T05:04:29Z","first_revision":"2014-04-27T23:33:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:14.944280","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"بروس متزجر","arz":"بروس متزجر","de":"Bruce Metzger","en":"Bruce M. Metzger","es":"Bruce M. Metzger","fi":"Bruce Metzger","fr":"Bruce Metzger","he":"ברוס מצגר","it":"Bruce Metzger","ja":"ブルース・メッツガー","ko":"부르스 M. 메츠거","nl":"Bruce Metzger","pl":"Bruce M. Metzger","pt":"Bruce M. Metzger","ru":"Мецгер, Брюс","simple":"Bruce M. Metzger","uk":"Брюс Мецгер"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Bruce Manning Metzger () adalah seorang sarjana Alkitab dan kritik tekstual yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang lama menjabat sebagai profesor pada Princeton Theological Seminary dan penyunting Alkitab yang duduk pada board dari American Bible Society dan United Bible Societies. Ia merupakan sarjana bahasa Yunani, Perjanjian Baru, dan kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru, serta menulis artikel-artikel penting mengenai topik ini. Metzger secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu sarjana Perjanjian Baru yang paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20.\n\nMetzger dilahirkan di Middletown, Pennsylvania. Ia meraih gelar BA (1935) pada Lebanon Valley College. Metzger mendapatkan latihan akademik kuat dalam bahasa Yunani sebelum masuk ke Princeton Seminary, dan pada musim panas sebelum masuk seminari itu, ia telah menyelesaikan pembacaan seluruh Alkitab berturut-turut dua belas kali. Ia meriah gelar ThB pada tahun 1938 di Princeton Theological Seminary, dan pada musim gugur tahun 1938 mulai mengajar di Princeton sebagai seorang Teaching Fellow dalam bidang bahasa Yunani Koine. Pada tanggal 11 April 1939, ia ditahb iskan dalam gereja \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\", yang kemudian bergabung dan sekarang dikenal sebagai Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Pada tahun 1940, ia meraih gelar MA dari Princeton University dan menjadi seorang instruktur Perjanjian Baru. Dua tahun kemudian, ia meraih gelar Ph.D. (\"Studies in a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303)\"; Studi mengenai suatu Leksionari Injil bahasa Yunani Greg. 303), juga dari Princeton University.\n\nPada tahun 1944, Metzger menikah dengan Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, putri presiden ketiga Princeton Seminary, John A. Mackay. Tahun itu, ia dipromosikan menjadi Assistant Professor. Pada tahun 1948, ia menjadi Associate Professor, dan Profesor penuh pada tahun 1954. Pada tahun 1964, Metzger dinamakan \"George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature\". Pada tahun 1971, ia dipilih sebagai presiden baik pada Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas dan Society of Biblical Literature. Pada tahun berikutnya, ia menjadi presiden \"North American Patristic Society\". Metzger adalah visiting fellow pada Clare Hall, Cambridge pada tahun 1974 dan Wolfson College, Oxford pada tahun 1979. Pada tahun 1978 ia dipilih menjadi corresponding fellow British Academy, penghargaan tertinggi Akademi tersebut untuk orang-orang yang bukan penduduk Britania Raya. Pada usia 70 tahun, setelah mengajar di Princeton Theological Seminary selama 46 tahun, ia pensiun sebagai \"Professor Emeritus\". Pada tahun 1994, Bruce Metzger diberi penghargaan \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" oleh British Academy. Ia diberi penghargaan gelar honorary doctorate dari Lebanon Valley College, Findlay College, University of St Andrews, University of Münster dan Potchefstroom University. \"Pengetahuan Metzger yang tak tertandingi dalam bahasa-bahasa relevan, kuno dan modern; pertimbangannya yang seimbang; dan perhatiannya yang cermat pada detail menyebabkan ia dihormati di seluruh kalangan teologi dan akademi.\"\n\nTidak lama setelah ulangtahun ke-83, Metzger meninggal di Princeton, New Jersey. Ia meninggalkan istrinya Isobel dan kedua putra mereka, John Mackay Metzger dan James Bruce Metzger.\n\nMetzger menyunting dan menyediakan komentari pada banyak terjemahan Alkitab dan menulis lusinan buku. Ia adalah seorang penyunting pada United Bible Societies untuk Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani standar, titik awal hampir semua terjemahan Perjanjian Baru yang terbaru. Pada tahun 1952, ia menjadi seorang kontributor pada Alkitab Revised Standard Version (RSV), dan merupakan penyunting umum Reader's Digest Bible (sebuah versi singkat RSV) pada tahun 1982. Dari tahun 1977 sampai 1990, ia menjadi ketua Committee on Translators untuk Alkitab New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) dan \"banyak bertanggung jawab untuk ... mengawai [NRSV] masuk percetakan.\" Ia menganggap suatu kehormatan untuk dapat menghadiahkan NRSV — yang memasukkan buku-buku yang dianggap Apokrif oleh kalangan Protestan, meskipun Gereja Katolik Roma dan Gereja Ortodoks Timur menganggap sebagai deuterokanonika— kepada Paus Yohanes Paulus II dan Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.\n\nKontribusi utamanya pada studi Perjanjian Baru adalah trilogi karyanya: The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987). Volume pertama dari suatu seri yang dimulai dan disuntingnya, New Testament Tools and Studies, yang muncul pada tahun 1960.\n\nThe Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks Perjanjian Baru. Buku ini secara khusus membahas permasalahan otentisitas dari teks Perjanjian Baru. Penerbitan buku ini pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1985. Penerbitnya adalah Oxford University Press.\n\nA Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks Perjanjian Baru. Buku ini diterbitkan oleh United Bible Societies dengan edisi koreksi pada tahun 1975. Pada bagian pembukaan dari bukunya ini, Friedman menjelaskan tentang dua kondisi yang selalu dialami oleh penafsir Alkitab. Pertama, tidak adanya dokumen Alkitab yang asli. Kedua, naskah-naskah Alkitab yang ada sangat bermacam-macam dan berbeda satu sama lain.\n\nLalu pada bagian isi, Metzger menjelaskan tentang kerumitan dari kanonifikasi teks Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa asalnya, yaitu bahasa Yunani. Ia menjelaskan bahwa keragaman teks tidak dapat dihindari, karena banyaknya ragam teks dan manuskrip Perjanjian Baru. Dalam bahasa Yunani, tersedia sekitar lima ribu naskah Perjanjian Baru yang berbeda satu sama lain. Metzger juga menjelaskan dalam bukunya ini bahwa Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa Yunani pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1516 di Basel. Naskahnya disiapkan oleh Desiderius Erasmus. Penulisan lengkap dari Perjanjian Baru dilakukannya dengan menggabungkan isi dari manuskrip-manuskrip yang tidak lengkap. Salah satunya dalam penulisan Kitab Kejadian yang ditulisnya dengan menggunakan versi bahasa Latin yang disebut Vulgata. Naskah tersebut disusun oleh Hieronimus. Menurut Metzger, penggabungan ini memberikan masalah karena keterbatasan bahasa Latin dalam mewakili bahasa Yunani.\n\nThe Early Versions of the New Testaments membahas tentang permasalahan penerjemahan Alkitab bahasa Yunani ke dalam bahasa Latin. Dalam buku ini, Metzger banyak mengutip tulisan dari Bonifatius FIscher yang berjudul Limitation of Latin in Representing Greek. Bahasa Latin dianggap sangat dapat mewakili penerjemahan Alkitab dari bahasa Yunani. Namun, beberapa ungkapan bahasa Yunani tetap tidak dapat diwakilkan ke dalam bahasa Latin.\n\nApostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John (2006) The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (1964). 2005 4th edition with Bart D. Ehrman, ISBN 0-19-516122-X The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (2003, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-227-17025-0) The Oxford Essential Guide to Ideas and Issues of the Bible (2002 with Michael D. Coogan) The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible (2001 with Michael D. Coogan) The Bible in Translation, Ancient and English Versions (2001) Greek New Testament (2000 with B. Aland) Breaking the Code: Understanding the Book of Revelation: Leader's Guide (1999) Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997) The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1997) Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (1994) The Oxford Companion to the Bible (1993 with Michael D. Coogan) The Reader's Bible (1983) Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography (1981). Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek (1969) List of Words Occuring Frequently in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect) (1961) – note: \"occuring\" is misspelled in the published title Introduction to the Apocrypha (1957) The Oxford Concise Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Holy Bible (1962 with Isobel M. Metzger) The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (1991 with Robert C. Denton and Walter Harrelson)\n\nThe NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha, Compact Edition (2003) New Revised Standard Version (1989) Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version (1977) The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version, Expanded Edition (1977 with Herbert G. May) Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha of the Old Testament (1977)\n\nNew Testament Textual Criticism: Its Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Honour of Bruce M. Metzger, ed. Eldon Jay Epp and Gordon D. Fee (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981) A South African Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger during His Visit to South Africa in 1985, ed. J.H. Petzer and P.J. Hartin (Leiden: Brill, 1986) The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis, ed. Bart D. Ehrman and Michael W. Holmes, (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989)\n\n\"The Meaning of Christ's Ascension,\" Christianity Today, vol. 10, no. 17 (May 27, 1966): 3–4. \"Names for the Nameless in the New Testament: A Study in the Growth of Christian Tradition,\" in Patrick Granfield & Josef A. Jungmann (eds.), Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten, 2 vols. (Münster, Verlag Aschendorff, 1970) vol. 1: 79–99. \"Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of the New Testament,\" New Testament Studies, vol. 18, pp. 379–400. Presidential Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, delivered August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. \"Literary Forgeries and Canonical Pseudepigrapha,\" Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 91, pp. 3–24. (1972). Presidential address, Society of Biblical Literature, delivered October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia. \"How Well Do You Know the Apocrypha?\" Guideposts (November 1984): 28–31.\n\n\"Bruce M. Metzger, Ph.D.\" in The Case for Christ oleh Lee Strobel, 57-71. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1998.\n\nObituary from Society of Biblical Literature Tribute from Ben Witherington Tribute from Daniel B. Wallace\n\nKategori:Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat Kategori:Ahli Alkitab Kategori:Princeton Theological Seminary Kategori:Lebanon Valley College Kategori:Fellows of the British Academy\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox theologian\n|name=Bruce Manning Metzger\n|image=Bruce Metzger.JPG\n|era=abad ke-20\n|birth_date={{birth date|1914|02|09}}\n|birth_place=[[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown, Pennsylvania]]\n|death_date={{death date and age|2007|02|13|1914|02|09}}\n|death_place=[[Princeton, New Jersey]]\n|occupation= sarjana [[Alkitab]], kritik tekstual, instruktur, pengarang\n|nationality= [[Amerika Serikat]]\n|tradition_movement=\n|main_interests=[[New Testament Text Criticism]], [[Kanon]] [[Perjanjian Baru]]\n|notable_works=''Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek'', ''The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and significance''\n|spouse= Isobel Mackay\n|children= John, James\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bruce Manning Metzger () adalah seorang sarjana Alkitab dan kritik tekstual yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang lama menjabat sebagai profesor pada Princeton Theological Seminary dan penyunting Alkitab yang duduk pada board dari American Bible Society dan United Bible Societies.","translated_text":"Bruce Manning Metzger () was a Bible scholar and textual critic from the United States who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who sat on the boards of the American Bible Society and the United Bible Societies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan sarjana bahasa Yunani, Perjanjian Baru, dan kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru, serta menulis artikel-artikel penting mengenai topik ini.","translated_text":"He was a scholar of Greek, New Testament, and New Testament textual criticism, and wrote important articles on the subject.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metzger secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu sarjana Perjanjian Baru yang paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20.","translated_text":"Metzger is widely regarded as one of the most influential New Testament scholars of the 20th century.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |title=New Testament Scholar and Bible Translator Bruce Metzger Dies |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.017811-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |title=New Testament Scholar and Bible Translator Bruce Metzger Dies |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.131695-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://www.ncccusa.org/news/070214metzger.html","char_index":112,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncccusa.org/news/070214metzger.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.199875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Biografi","translated_text":"His biography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metzger dilahirkan di Middletown, Pennsylvania.","translated_text":"Metzger was born in Middletown, Pennsylvania.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia meraih gelar BA (1935) pada Lebanon Valley College.","translated_text":"He earned a BA (1935) from Lebanon Valley College.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{citation|url=https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|title=A Centennial Tribute to Bruce Metzger: Remembering His Achievements, Influence, and Legacy|date=24 January 2014|publisher=Princeton Seminary|accessdate=12 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111537,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.392637-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1019287109375},{"content":"{{citation|url=https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|title=A Centennial Tribute to Bruce Metzger: Remembering His Achievements, Influence, and Legacy|date=24 January 2014|publisher=Princeton Seminary|accessdate=12 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":54,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.554803-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metzger mendapatkan latihan akademik kuat dalam bahasa Yunani sebelum masuk ke Princeton Seminary, dan pada musim panas sebelum masuk seminari itu, ia telah menyelesaikan pembacaan seluruh Alkitab berturut-turut dua belas kali.","translated_text":"Metzger received strong academic training in Greek before entering Princeton Seminary, and by the summer before entering that seminary, he had completed a complete reading of the entire Bible twelve times in a row.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 12.","char_index":227,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia meriah gelar ThB pada tahun 1938 di Princeton Theological Seminary, dan pada musim gugur tahun 1938 mulai mengajar di Princeton sebagai seorang Teaching Fellow dalam bidang bahasa Yunani Koine.","translated_text":"He earned his ThB degree in 1938 at Princeton Theological Seminary, and in the fall of 1938 began teaching at Princeton as a Koine Teaching Fellow in Greek.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 11 April 1939, ia ditahb iskan dalam gereja \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\", yang kemudian bergabung dan sekarang dikenal sebagai Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).","translated_text":"On April 11, 1939, he was ordained in the \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\", which later became known as the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 42.","char_index":100,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1940, ia meraih gelar MA dari Princeton University dan menjadi seorang instruktur Perjanjian Baru.","translated_text":"In 1940, he earned an MA from Princeton University and became a New Testament instructor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua tahun kemudian, ia meraih gelar Ph.D. (\"Studies in a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303)\";","translated_text":"Two years later, he earned his Ph.D. (\"Studies in a Greek Gospel Lectionary (Greg. 303) \";","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Studi mengenai suatu Leksionari Injil bahasa Yunani Greg. 303), juga dari Princeton University.","translated_text":"A study on a Greek Gospel Lectionary by Greg. 303), also from Princeton University.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1944, Metzger menikah dengan Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, putri presiden ketiga Princeton Seminary, John A. Mackay.","translated_text":"In 1944, Metzger married Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, daughter of the third president of Princeton Seminary, John A. Mackay.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 32.","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun itu, ia dipromosikan menjadi Assistant Professor.","translated_text":"That year, he was promoted to Assistant Professor.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1948, ia menjadi Associate Professor, dan Profesor penuh pada tahun 1954.","translated_text":"In 1948, he became an Associate Professor, and a full Professor in 1954.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1964, Metzger dinamakan \"George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature\".","translated_text":"In 1964, Metzger was named \"George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1971, ia dipilih sebagai presiden baik pada Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas dan Society of Biblical Literature.","translated_text":"In 1971, he was elected president of both the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas and the Society of Biblical Literature.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun berikutnya, ia menjadi presiden \"North American Patristic Society\".","translated_text":"The following year, he became president of the North American Patristic Society.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metzger adalah visiting fellow pada Clare Hall, Cambridge pada tahun 1974 dan Wolfson College, Oxford pada tahun 1979.","translated_text":"Metzger was a visiting fellow at Clare Hall, Cambridge in 1974 and Wolfson College, Oxford in 1979.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1978 ia dipilih menjadi corresponding fellow British Academy, penghargaan tertinggi Akademi tersebut untuk orang-orang yang bukan penduduk Britania Raya.","translated_text":"In 1978 he was elected a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, the Academy's highest award for non-residents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada usia 70 tahun, setelah mengajar di Princeton Theological Seminary selama 46 tahun, ia pensiun sebagai \"Professor Emeritus\".","translated_text":"At age 70, after teaching at Princeton Theological Seminary for 46 years, he retired as \"Professor Emeritus\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1994, Bruce Metzger diberi penghargaan \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" oleh British Academy.","translated_text":"In 1994, Bruce Metzger was awarded the \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" by the British Academy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia diberi penghargaan gelar honorary doctorate dari Lebanon Valley College, Findlay College, University of St Andrews, University of Münster dan Potchefstroom University.","translated_text":"He was awarded honorary doctorates from Lebanon Valley College, Findlay College, the University of St Andrews, the University of Münster and Potchefstroom University.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Pengetahuan Metzger yang tak tertandingi dalam bahasa-bahasa relevan, kuno dan modern; pertimbangannya yang seimbang; dan perhatiannya yang cermat pada detail menyebabkan ia dihormati di seluruh kalangan teologi dan akademi.\"","translated_text":"\"Metzger's unparalleled knowledge of relevant, ancient and modern languages; his balanced consideration; and his careful attention to detail led to his respect throughout the theological and academic circles\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"James H. Moorhead, Princeton Seminary in American Religion and Culture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012): 434.","char_index":226,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tidak lama setelah ulangtahun ke-83, Metzger meninggal di Princeton, New Jersey.","translated_text":"Shortly after his 83rd birthday, Metzger died in Princeton, New Jersey.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia meninggalkan istrinya Isobel dan kedua putra mereka, John Mackay Metzger dan James Bruce Metzger.","translated_text":"He left his wife Isobel and their two sons, John Mackay Metzger and James Bruce Metzger.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Buku dan Komentari","translated_text":"Books and Commentaries","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Metzger menyunting dan menyediakan komentari pada banyak terjemahan Alkitab dan menulis lusinan buku.","translated_text":"Metzger edited and commented on many Bible translations and wrote dozens of books.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah seorang penyunting pada United Bible Societies untuk Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani standar, titik awal hampir semua terjemahan Perjanjian Baru yang terbaru.","translated_text":"He was an editor at the United Bible Societies for the Standard Greek New Testament, the starting point for almost all recent New Testament translations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1952, ia menjadi seorang kontributor pada Alkitab Revised Standard Version (RSV), dan merupakan penyunting umum Reader's Digest Bible (sebuah versi singkat RSV) pada tahun 1982.","translated_text":"In 1952, he became a contributor to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible (RSV), and was general editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a shortened version of the RSV) in 1982.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari tahun 1977 sampai 1990, ia menjadi ketua Committee on Translators untuk Alkitab New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) dan \"banyak bertanggung jawab untuk ... mengawai [NRSV] masuk percetakan.\"","translated_text":"From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (NRSV) and \"was largely responsible for . . . directing [NRSV] into printing\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]]","char_index":195,"name":"SBL","url":"http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41306,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.625273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9306640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menganggap suatu kehormatan untuk dapat menghadiahkan NRSV — yang memasukkan buku-buku yang dianggap Apokrif oleh kalangan Protestan, meskipun Gereja Katolik Roma dan Gereja Ortodoks Timur menganggap sebagai deuterokanonika— kepada Paus Yohanes Paulus II dan Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.","translated_text":"He considered it an honor to be able to award the NRSV ⁇ which included books considered apocryphal by Protestants, although the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church regarded them as deuteronic ⁇ to Pope John Paul II and Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]]","char_index":302,"name":"SBL","url":"http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41306,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.625273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9306640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kontribusi utamanya pada studi Perjanjian Baru adalah trilogi karyanya: The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992);","translated_text":"His main contribution to the study of the New Testament was his trilogy of works: The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992);","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977);","translated_text":"The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977);","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).","translated_text":"The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"James A. Brooks, \"Bruce Metzger as Textual Critic,\" Princeton Seminary Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 2, new series (1994), 157.","char_index":81,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Volume pertama dari suatu seri yang dimulai dan disuntingnya, New Testament Tools and Studies, yang muncul pada tahun 1960.","translated_text":"The first volume of a series he began and edited, New Testament Tools and Studies, appeared in 1960.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Karya tulis","translated_text":"Written work","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration","translated_text":"The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks Perjanjian Baru. Buku ini secara khusus membahas permasalahan otentisitas dari teks Perjanjian Baru.","translated_text":"The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration is one of Metzger's books on the New Testament text.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penerbitan buku ini pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1985.","translated_text":"The book was first published in 1985.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penerbitnya adalah Oxford University Press.","translated_text":"Its publisher is Oxford University Press.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament","translated_text":"A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament merupakan salah satu buku yang ditulis oleh Metzger yang isinya membahas tentang teks Perjanjian Baru. Buku ini diterbitkan oleh United Bible Societies dengan edisi koreksi pada tahun 1975.","translated_text":"A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament is one of Metzger's books on the text of the New Testament, published by the United Bible Societies in a revised edition in 1975.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada bagian pembukaan dari bukunya ini, Friedman menjelaskan tentang dua kondisi yang selalu dialami oleh penafsir Alkitab.","translated_text":"In the opening part of this book, Friedman explains two conditions that have always been experienced by Bible commentators.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertama, tidak adanya dokumen Alkitab yang asli.","translated_text":"First, there are no authentic Bible documents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kedua, naskah-naskah Alkitab yang ada sangat bermacam-macam dan berbeda satu sama lain.","translated_text":"Second, the existing Bible manuscripts differ greatly from one another.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lalu pada bagian isi, Metzger menjelaskan tentang kerumitan dari kanonifikasi teks Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa asalnya, yaitu bahasa Yunani.","translated_text":"Then, in the content section, Metzger explains the complexity of canonizing the New Testament text in its original language, Greek.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia menjelaskan bahwa keragaman teks tidak dapat dihindari, karena banyaknya ragam teks dan manuskrip Perjanjian Baru. Dalam bahasa Yunani, tersedia sekitar lima ribu naskah Perjanjian Baru yang berbeda satu sama lain.","translated_text":"He explained that the diversity of texts is inevitable, given the variety of texts and manuscripts of the New Testament.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Metzger juga menjelaskan dalam bukunya ini bahwa Perjanjian Baru dalam bahasa Yunani pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun 1516 di Basel.","translated_text":"Metzger also explains in this book that the New Testament in Greek was first published in 1516 in Basel.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Naskahnya disiapkan oleh Desiderius Erasmus.","translated_text":"The script was prepared by Desiderius Erasmus.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penulisan lengkap dari Perjanjian Baru dilakukannya dengan menggabungkan isi dari manuskrip-manuskrip yang tidak lengkap.","translated_text":"The complete writing of the New Testament was done by combining the contents of incomplete manuscripts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satunya dalam penulisan Kitab Kejadian yang ditulisnya dengan menggunakan versi bahasa Latin yang disebut Vulgata.","translated_text":"One of these was in his writing of the Book of Genesis, which he wrote using a Latin version called the Vulgate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Naskah tersebut disusun oleh Hieronimus.","translated_text":"The script was composed by Jerome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut Metzger, penggabungan ini memberikan masalah karena keterbatasan bahasa Latin dalam mewakili bahasa Yunani.","translated_text":"According to Metzger, this merger posed a problem because of the limitations of Latin in representing Greek.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"The Early Versions of the New Testaments","translated_text":"The Early Versions of the New Testament","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"The Early Versions of the New Testaments membahas tentang permasalahan penerjemahan Alkitab bahasa Yunani ke dalam bahasa Latin.","translated_text":"The Early Versions of the New Testaments address the problems of translating the Greek Bible into Latin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam buku ini, Metzger banyak mengutip tulisan dari Bonifatius FIscher yang berjudul Limitation of Latin in Representing Greek.","translated_text":"In this book, Metzger quotes extensively from Bonifatius FIscher's Limitation of Latin in Representing Greek.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahasa Latin dianggap sangat dapat mewakili penerjemahan Alkitab dari bahasa Yunani.","translated_text":"The Latin language is considered to be highly representative of the translation of the Bible from Greek.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, beberapa ungkapan bahasa Yunani tetap tidak dapat diwakilkan ke dalam bahasa Latin.","translated_text":"However, some Greek expressions remain unrepresentative in Latin.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Catatan kaki","translated_text":"Footnotes","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar pustaka","translated_text":"List of libraries","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar buku dan publikasi","translated_text":"List of books and publications","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John (2006) The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, And Restoration (1964).","translated_text":"Apostolic Letters of Faith, Hope, and Love: Galatians, 1 Peter, and 1 John (2006) The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"2005 4th edition with Bart D. Ehrman, ISBN 0-19-516122-X The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (2003, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-227-17025-0) The Oxford Essential Guide to Ideas and Issues of the Bible (2002 with Michael D. Coogan)","translated_text":"2005 4th edition with Bart D. Ehrman, ISBN 0-19-516122-X The New Testament: Its Background, Growth and Content (2003, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-227-17025-0) The Oxford Essential Guide to Ideas and Issues of the Bible (2002 with Michael D. Coogan)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible (2001 with Michael D. Coogan)","translated_text":"The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible (2001 with Michael D. Coogan)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Bible in Translation, Ancient and English Versions (2001) Greek New Testament (2000 with B. Aland) Breaking the Code: Understanding the Book of Revelation: Leader's Guide (1999) Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997)","translated_text":"The Bible in Translation, Ancient and English Versions (2001) Greek New Testament (2000 with B. Aland) Breaking the Code: Understanding the Book of Revelation: Leader's Guide (1999) Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1997)","translated_text":"The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1997)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (1994)","translated_text":"Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (1994)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Oxford Companion to the Bible (1993 with Michael D. Coogan)","translated_text":"The Oxford Companion to the Bible (1993 with Michael D. Coogan)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Reader's Bible (1983) Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography (1981).","translated_text":"The Reader's Bible (1983) Manuscripts of the Greek Bible: An Introduction to Palaeography (1981).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek (1969) List of Words Occuring Frequently in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect) (1961) – note: \"occuring\" is misspelled in the published title Introduction to the Apocrypha (1957) The Oxford Concise Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Holy Bible (1962 with Isobel M. Metzger)","translated_text":"Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek (1969) List of Words Occuring Frequently in the Coptic New Testament (Sahidic Dialect) (1961) ⁇ note: \"occuring\" is misspelled in the published title Introduction to the Apocrypha (1957) The Oxford Concise Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Holy Bible (1962 with Isobel M. Metzger)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (1991 with Robert C. Denton and Walter Harrelson)","translated_text":"The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (1991 with Robert C. Denton and Walter Harrelson)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar Terjemahan","translated_text":"List of translations","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"The NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha, Compact Edition (2003) New Revised Standard Version (1989) Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version (1977) The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version, Expanded Edition (1977 with Herbert G. May) Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: The Apocrypha of the Old Testament (1977)","translated_text":"The NRSV Bible with the Apocrypha, Compact Edition (2003) New Revised Standard Version (1989) Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: Revised Standard Version (1977) The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version, Expanded Edition (1977 with Herbert G. May)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Festschriften","translated_text":"The Festschriften","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"New Testament Textual Criticism: Its Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Honour of Bruce M. Metzger, ed.","translated_text":"New Testament Textual Criticism: Its Significance for Exegesis: Essays in Honour of Bruce M. Metzger, ed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Eldon Jay Epp and Gordon D. Fee (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981) A South African Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger during His Visit to South Africa in 1985, ed.","translated_text":"Eldon Jay Epp and Gordon D. Fee (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981) A South African Perspective on the New Testament, Essays by South African New Testament Scholars Presented to Bruce Manning Metzger during His Visit to South Africa in 1985, ed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"J.H. Petzer and P.J. Hartin (Leiden: Brill, 1986)","translated_text":"J.H. Petzer and P.J. Hartin (Leiden: Brill, 1986)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis, ed.","translated_text":"The Text of the New Testament in Contemporary Research: Essays on the Status Quaestionis, ed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bart D. Ehrman and Michael W. Holmes, (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989)","translated_text":"Bart D. Ehrman and Michael W. Holmes, (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1989)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Artikel","translated_text":"Articles","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"The Meaning of Christ's Ascension,\" Christianity Today, vol.","translated_text":"\"The Meaning of Christ's Ascension\", Christianity Today, vol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"10, no.","translated_text":"10, no.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"17 (May 27, 1966): 3–4.","translated_text":"17 (May 27, 1966): 3 ⁇ 4.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Names for the Nameless in the New Testament: A Study in the Growth of Christian Tradition,\" in Patrick Granfield & Josef A. Jungmann (eds.), Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten, 2 vols.","translated_text":"\"Names for the Nameless in the New Testament: A Study in the Growth of Christian Tradition\", in Patrick Granfield & Josef A. Jungmann (eds.), Kyriakon: Festschrift Johannes Quasten, 2 vols.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Münster, Verlag Aschendorff, 1970) vol.","translated_text":"(Münster, Verlag Aschendorff, 1970) vol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"1: 79–99.","translated_text":"1:79 to 99.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of the New Testament,\" New Testament Studies, vol.","translated_text":"\"Patristic Evidence and Textual Criticism of the New Testament\", by New Testament Studies, vol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"18, pp. 379–400.","translated_text":"18, pp. 379 to 400.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Presidential Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, delivered August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.","translated_text":"Presidential Address, Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, delivered August 24, 1971, at Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Literary Forgeries and Canonical Pseudepigrapha,\" Journal of Biblical Literature, vol.","translated_text":"\"Literary Forgeries and Canonical Pseudepigrapha, \"Journal of Biblical Literature, vol.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"91, pp.","translated_text":"91, p.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"3–24. (1972).","translated_text":"3 ⁇ 24 (1972).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Presidential address, Society of Biblical Literature, delivered October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.","translated_text":"Presidential address, Society of Biblical Literature, delivered October 29, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"How Well Do You Know the Apocrypha?\"","translated_text":"\"How Well Do You Know the Apocrypha?\"","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Guideposts (November 1984): 28–31.","translated_text":"The following is an extract from the article \"Guideposts (November 1984): 28 ⁇ 31.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Wawancara","translated_text":"Interview with","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"Bruce M. Metzger, Ph.D.\" in The Case for Christ oleh Lee Strobel, 57-71.","translated_text":"\"Bruce M. Metzger, Ph.D\". in The Case for Christ by Lee Strobel, 57-71.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 1998.","translated_text":"Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan in the year 1998.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Obituary from Society of Biblical Literature Tribute from Ben Witherington Tribute from Daniel B. Wallace","translated_text":"Obituary from Society of Biblical Literature Tribute from Ben Witherington Tribute from Daniel B. Wallace","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tokoh Kristen Amerika Serikat Kategori:Ahli Alkitab Kategori:Princeton Theological Seminary Kategori:Lebanon Valley College Kategori:Fellows of the British Academy","translated_text":":Christian figures of the United States Category:Bible scholars Category:Princeton Theological Seminary Category:Lebanon Valley College Category:Fellows of the British Academy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Bruce Manning Metzger () adalah seorang sarjana Alkitab dan kritik tekstual yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat yang lama menjabat sebagai profesor pada Princeton Theological Seminary dan penyunting Alkitab yang duduk pada board dari American Bible Society dan United Bible Societies. Ia merupakan sarjana bahasa Yunani, Perjanjian Baru, dan kritik tekstual Perjanjian Baru, serta menulis artikel-artikel penting mengenai topik ini. Metzger secara luas dianggap sebagai salah satu sarjana Perjanjian Baru yang paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20.","translated_text":"Bruce Manning Metzger () was a Bible scholar and textual critic from the United States who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who sat on the boards of the American Bible Society and the United Bible Societies. He was a scholar of Greek, New Testament, and New Testament textual criticism, and wrote important articles on the subject. Metzger is widely regarded as one of the most influential New Testament scholars of the 20th century.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |title=New Testament Scholar and Bible Translator Bruce Metzger Dies |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":543,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.017811-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |title=New Testament Scholar and Bible Translator Bruce Metzger Dies |access-date=2014-04-27 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":543,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083543/http://www.pres-outlook.com/news-and-analysis3/1-news-a-analysis/4073.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.131695-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://www.ncccusa.org/news/070214metzger.html","char_index":543,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncccusa.org/news/070214metzger.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":318,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.199875-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metzger dilahirkan di Middletown, Pennsylvania. Ia meraih gelar BA (1935) pada Lebanon Valley College.","translated_text":"Metzger was born in Middletown, Pennsylvania. He earned a BA (1935) from Lebanon Valley College.","citations":[{"content":"{{citation|url=https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|title=A Centennial Tribute to Bruce Metzger: Remembering His Achievements, Influence, and Legacy|date=24 January 2014|publisher=Princeton Seminary|accessdate=12 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":102,"name":null,"url":"https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":111537,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:22.392637-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.1019287109375},{"content":"{{citation|url=https://www.ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|title=A Centennial Tribute to Bruce Metzger: Remembering His Achievements, Influence, and Legacy|date=24 January 2014|publisher=Princeton Seminary|accessdate=12 February 2014|archive-date=2014-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":102,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140209021650/http://ptsem.edu/index.aspx?id=25769807030","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.554803-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metzger dilahirkan di Middletown, Pennsylvania. Ia meraih gelar BA (1935) pada Lebanon Valley College. Metzger mendapatkan latihan akademik kuat dalam bahasa Yunani sebelum masuk ke Princeton Seminary, dan pada musim panas sebelum masuk seminari itu, ia telah menyelesaikan pembacaan seluruh Alkitab berturut-turut dua belas kali.","translated_text":"Metzger was born in Middletown, Pennsylvania. He earned a BA (1935) from Lebanon Valley College. Metzger received strong academic training in Greek before entering Princeton Seminary, and by the summer before entering that seminary, he had completed a complete reading of the entire Bible twelve times in a row.","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 12.","char_index":330,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Metzger mendapatkan latihan akademik kuat dalam bahasa Yunani sebelum masuk ke Princeton Seminary, dan pada musim panas sebelum masuk seminari itu, ia telah menyelesaikan pembacaan seluruh Alkitab berturut-turut dua belas kali. Ia meriah gelar ThB pada tahun 1938 di Princeton Theological Seminary, dan pada musim gugur tahun 1938 mulai mengajar di Princeton sebagai seorang Teaching Fellow dalam bidang bahasa Yunani Koine. Pada tanggal 11 April 1939, ia ditahb iskan dalam gereja \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\", yang kemudian bergabung dan sekarang dikenal sebagai Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).","translated_text":"Metzger received strong academic training in Greek before entering Princeton Seminary, and by the summer before entering that seminary, he had completed a complete reading of the entire Bible twelve times in a row. He earned his ThB degree in 1938 at Princeton Theological Seminary, and in the fall of 1938 began teaching at Princeton as a Koine Teaching Fellow in Greek. On April 11, 1939, he was ordained in the \"Presbyterian Church in the United States\", which later became known as the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 42.","char_index":525,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1944, Metzger menikah dengan Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, putri presiden ketiga Princeton Seminary, John A. Mackay.","translated_text":"In 1944, Metzger married Isobel Elizabeth Mackay, daughter of the third president of Princeton Seminary, John A. Mackay.","citations":[{"content":"Bruce Manning Metzger, Reminiscences of an Octogenarian (1997), 32.","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1994, Bruce Metzger diberi penghargaan \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" oleh British Academy. Ia diberi penghargaan gelar honorary doctorate dari Lebanon Valley College, Findlay College, University of St Andrews, University of Münster dan Potchefstroom University. \"Pengetahuan Metzger yang tak tertandingi dalam bahasa-bahasa relevan, kuno dan modern; pertimbangannya yang seimbang; dan perhatiannya yang cermat pada detail menyebabkan ia dihormati di seluruh kalangan teologi dan akademi.\"","translated_text":"In 1994, Bruce Metzger was awarded the \"Burkitt Medal for Biblical Studies\" by the British Academy. He was awarded honorary doctorates from Lebanon Valley College, Findlay College, the University of St Andrews, the University of Münster and Potchefstroom University. \"Metzger's unparalleled knowledge of relevant, ancient and modern languages; his balanced consideration; and his careful attention to detail led to his respect throughout the theological and academic circles\".","citations":[{"content":"James H. Moorhead, Princeton Seminary in American Religion and Culture (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012): 434.","char_index":506,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia adalah seorang penyunting pada United Bible Societies untuk Perjanjian Baru bahasa Yunani standar, titik awal hampir semua terjemahan Perjanjian Baru yang terbaru. Pada tahun 1952, ia menjadi seorang kontributor pada Alkitab Revised Standard Version (RSV), dan merupakan penyunting umum Reader's Digest Bible (sebuah versi singkat RSV) pada tahun 1982. Dari tahun 1977 sampai 1990, ia menjadi ketua Committee on Translators untuk Alkitab New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) dan \"banyak bertanggung jawab untuk ... mengawai [NRSV] masuk percetakan.\"","translated_text":"He was an editor at the United Bible Societies for the Standard Greek New Testament, the starting point for almost all recent New Testament translations. In 1952, he became a contributor to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible (RSV), and was general editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a shortened version of the RSV) in 1982. From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (NRSV) and \"was largely responsible for . . . directing [NRSV] into printing\".","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]]","char_index":551,"name":"SBL","url":"http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41306,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.625273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9306640625}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1952, ia menjadi seorang kontributor pada Alkitab Revised Standard Version (RSV), dan merupakan penyunting umum Reader's Digest Bible (sebuah versi singkat RSV) pada tahun 1982. Dari tahun 1977 sampai 1990, ia menjadi ketua Committee on Translators untuk Alkitab New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) dan \"banyak bertanggung jawab untuk ... mengawai [NRSV] masuk percetakan.\" Ia menganggap suatu kehormatan untuk dapat menghadiahkan NRSV — yang memasukkan buku-buku yang dianggap Apokrif oleh kalangan Protestan, meskipun Gereja Katolik Roma dan Gereja Ortodoks Timur menganggap sebagai deuterokanonika— kepada Paus Yohanes Paulus II dan Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.","translated_text":"In 1952, he became a contributor to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible (RSV), and was general editor of the Reader's Digest Bible (a shortened version of the RSV) in 1982. From 1977 to 1990, he chaired the Committee on Translators for the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible (NRSV) and \"was largely responsible for . . . directing [NRSV] into printing\". He considered it an honor to be able to award the NRSV ⁇ which included books considered apocryphal by Protestants, although the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church regarded them as deuteronic ⁇ to Pope John Paul II and Patriarch Demetrius I of Constantinople.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638 Obituary] from [[Society of Biblical Literature]]","char_index":687,"name":"SBL","url":"http://www.sbl-site.org/Article.aspx?ArticleId=638","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41306,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:24.625273-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9306640625}]},{"text":"Kontribusi utamanya pada studi Perjanjian Baru adalah trilogi karyanya: The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).","translated_text":"His main contribution to the study of the New Testament was his trilogy of works: The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (1964; 2nd ed., 1968; 3d enlarged ed., 1992); The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations (1977); The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance (1987).","citations":[{"content":"James A. Brooks, \"Bruce Metzger as Textual Critic,\" Princeton Seminary Bulletin, vol. 15, no. 2, new series (1994), 157.","char_index":369,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Pulau Simeuleuceut","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Pulau Simeulue Cut]]","hash":"1938d337f81ff9cf922c95ebd0f00042650384760afb7914732c94313c948661","last_revision":"2014-04-28T00:22:09Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T00:22:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.001411","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Pulau Simeulue Cut\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Pulau Simeulue Cut","translated_text":"WHEN the island of Simeulue was cut","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional","wikicode":"{{Infobox cagar budaya\n| Name = Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional\n| Image = [[Berkas:Old Dutch building - panoramio.jpg|275px]]\n| Caption =Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (2013).\n| Type = Nasional\n| Criteria = Bangunan\n| ID =\tCB.7\n| Location =[[Jakarta Pusat]], [[DKI Jakarta]]\n| Year = 1983 & 2013\n| ownership = {{INA}}\n| management = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional\n| Link =http://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/detail/PO2013091000005/gedung-kebangkitan-nasional\n}}\n\n'''Museum Kebangkitan Nasional''' adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai [[monumen]] tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya [[organisasi pergerakan modern]] pertama kali dengan nama [[Boedi Oetomo]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }} Sebelum menjadi [[museum]], bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh [[Belanda]] dengan nama ''School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen'' disingkat STOVIA atau [[Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }} Dalam perjalanannya, gedung tersebut selalu beralih fungsi. Lokasi museum ini tidak jauh dari [[Pasar Senen]], tepatnya di Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh No.26, sebelum RSPAD Gatot Subroto, [[Jakarta Pusat]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}\n\n== Sejarah ==\nSebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama [[Sekolah Dokter Jawa]] yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di [[Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden]] atau yang sekarang disebut [[Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }} Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama. Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa [[H.F. Rool]] sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902. Karena perkembangan yang pesat, STOVIA pindah dari daerah Kwini Senen ke [[Salemba]] yang kini menjadi [[Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia]]. Kampus yang terletak di Kwini sejak tahun 1926 dialihfungsikan menjadi tempat pendidikan [[MULO]], setingkat [[SMP]] dan [[AMS]], setingkat [[SMA]].\n\nLalu, ketika [[Jepang]] tiba pada tahun 1942-1954, gedung pertama difungsikan sebagai tahanan pasukan [[Belanda]] yang melawan Jepang. Berlanjut ke masa kemerdekaan [[Indonesia]] tahun 1945 – 1973 gedung tersebut dihuni oleh keluarga tentara Belanda dan orang [[Ambon]].\n\nKarena nilai sejarahnya yang tinggi, berkaitan dengan kelahiran Boedi Oetomo pada 20 Mei 1908, pada tahun 1948 ditetapkan sebagai hari Kebangkitan Nasional. Selain itu, gedung ini juga merupakan saksi lahirnya organisasi-organisasi pergerakan kebangsaan, yaitu Boedi Oetomo, [[Trikoro Dharmo]] ([[Jong Java]]), [[Jong Minahasa]], dan [[Jong Ambon]]. Serta di gedung ini juga lah beberapa tokoh pergerakan seperti [[Ki Hadjar Dewantara]], [[Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo]], dan R. Soetomo pernah menimba ilmu. Oleh karena itu, selanjutnya pada tahun 1973 [[Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta]] memugar gedung itu, dan pada 20 Mei 1974 bersama dengan presiden [[Suharto]], diresmikanlah menjadi Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional.\n\nBelum selesai sampai di situ, komplek gedung berbentuk segi empat tersebut dijadikan empat buah museum yaitu [[Museum Budi Utomo]], [[Museum Wanita]], [[Museum Pers]] dan [[Museum Kesehatan]] sampai akhirnya pada 7 Februari 1984 menjadi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional. Sedangkan keluarga dari Ambon yang tinggal di tempat itu dipindahkan ke perumahan Cengkareng Jakarta. Museum ini juga ditetapkan sebagai Benda [[Cagar budaya|Cagar Budaya]]. Sehingga konsekuensinya gedung ini harus tetap dilestarikan, dipelihara, dan tidak boleh dirombak.\n\n== Koleksi ==\n[[Berkas:Stovia-fig.jpg|jmpl|Denah asli sekolah ]]\nMasuk ke dalam gedung dapat disaksikan ruang kelas dan laboratorium, asrama, tempat olahraga, kantin, dapur, dan aula. Terdapat juga ruangan perpustakaan yang dikelola oleh Komunitas [[Buku Berkaki]] yang mengoleksi ribuan buku anak-anak. Selain itu, ruang aula juga digunakan untuk sekolah tarian tradisional secara gratis yang dikelola oleh Yayasan Belantara Budaya Indonesia.\n\nSelanjutnya, pengunjung disuguhkan dengan seluruh koleksi museum dengan total 2.042 buah berupa bangunan, mebel, jam dinding, gantungan lonceng, perlengkapan kesehatan, pakaian, senjata, foto, lukisan, patung, diorama, peta/maket/sketsa, dan miniatur. Seluruh koleksi tersebut dipamerkan di beberapa ruangan antara lain di ruang awal pergerakan, ruang kesadaran nasional, dan ruan pergerakan, dan ruang memorial Boedi Oetomo. Terbaru, pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 revitalisasi museum secara bertahap dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat dari segi tata koleksi, pemasangan [[air conditioner]], dan perbaikan pada papan keterangan.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = TEMPO Online | title = Tampilan Baru Koleksi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-03-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140331183800/http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | dead-url = yes }}\n\n== Rujukan ==\n\n{{Cagar budaya peringkat nasional di Indonesia}}\n[[Kategori:Museum di Jakarta]]\n[[Kategori:Bangunan cagar budaya di Indonesia]] \n[[Kategori:Cagar budaya peringkat nasional]]\n[[Kategori:Cagar budaya Indonesia di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta]]","hash":"7c1c5006ad7b7cd7951cf4d36dcc2371ddb2dbd41e1a83393d021f1ae8873def","last_revision":"2023-07-05T08:14:27Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T01:06:51Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.062231","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"متحف الصحوة الوطنية","en":"Museum of National Awakening","ru":"Музей национального пробуждения (Джакарта)","ta":"தேசிய விழிப்புணர்வு அருங்காட்சியகம், ஜகார்த்தா","uk":"Музей національного пробудження (Джакарта)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monumen tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya organisasi pergerakan modern pertama kali dengan nama Boedi Oetomo. Sebelum menjadi museum, bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh Belanda dengan nama School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen disingkat STOVIA atau Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra. Dalam perjalanannya, gedung tersebut selalu beralih fungsi. Lokasi museum ini tidak jauh dari Pasar Senen, tepatnya di Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh No.26, sebelum RSPAD Gatot Subroto, Jakarta Pusat.\n\nSebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama Sekolah Dokter Jawa yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden atau yang sekarang disebut Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto. Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama. Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa H.F. Rool sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902. Karena perkembangan yang pesat, STOVIA pindah dari daerah Kwini Senen ke Salemba yang kini menjadi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Kampus yang terletak di Kwini sejak tahun 1926 dialihfungsikan menjadi tempat pendidikan MULO, setingkat SMP dan AMS, setingkat SMA.\n\nLalu, ketika Jepang tiba pada tahun 1942-1954, gedung pertama difungsikan sebagai tahanan pasukan Belanda yang melawan Jepang. Berlanjut ke masa kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945 – 1973 gedung tersebut dihuni oleh keluarga tentara Belanda dan orang Ambon.\n\nKarena nilai sejarahnya yang tinggi, berkaitan dengan kelahiran Boedi Oetomo pada 20 Mei 1908, pada tahun 1948 ditetapkan sebagai hari Kebangkitan Nasional. Selain itu, gedung ini juga merupakan saksi lahirnya organisasi-organisasi pergerakan kebangsaan, yaitu Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, dan Jong Ambon. Serta di gedung ini juga lah beberapa tokoh pergerakan seperti Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, dan R. Soetomo pernah menimba ilmu. Oleh karena itu, selanjutnya pada tahun 1973 Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memugar gedung itu, dan pada 20 Mei 1974 bersama dengan presiden Suharto, diresmikanlah menjadi Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional.\n\nBelum selesai sampai di situ, komplek gedung berbentuk segi empat tersebut dijadikan empat buah museum yaitu Museum Budi Utomo, Museum Wanita, Museum Pers dan Museum Kesehatan sampai akhirnya pada 7 Februari 1984 menjadi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional. Sedangkan keluarga dari Ambon yang tinggal di tempat itu dipindahkan ke perumahan Cengkareng Jakarta. Museum ini juga ditetapkan sebagai Benda Cagar Budaya. Sehingga konsekuensinya gedung ini harus tetap dilestarikan, dipelihara, dan tidak boleh dirombak.\n\nMasuk ke dalam gedung dapat disaksikan ruang kelas dan laboratorium, asrama, tempat olahraga, kantin, dapur, dan aula. Terdapat juga ruangan perpustakaan yang dikelola oleh Komunitas Buku Berkaki yang mengoleksi ribuan buku anak-anak. Selain itu, ruang aula juga digunakan untuk sekolah tarian tradisional secara gratis yang dikelola oleh Yayasan Belantara Budaya Indonesia.\n\nSelanjutnya, pengunjung disuguhkan dengan seluruh koleksi museum dengan total 2.042 buah berupa bangunan, mebel, jam dinding, gantungan lonceng, perlengkapan kesehatan, pakaian, senjata, foto, lukisan, patung, diorama, peta/maket/sketsa, dan miniatur. Seluruh koleksi tersebut dipamerkan di beberapa ruangan antara lain di ruang awal pergerakan, ruang kesadaran nasional, dan ruan pergerakan, dan ruang memorial Boedi Oetomo. Terbaru, pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 revitalisasi museum secara bertahap dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat dari segi tata koleksi, pemasangan air conditioner, dan perbaikan pada papan keterangan.\n\nKategori:Museum di Jakarta Kategori:Bangunan cagar budaya di Indonesia Kategori:Cagar budaya peringkat nasional Kategori:Cagar budaya Indonesia di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox cagar budaya\n| Name = Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional\n| Image = [[Berkas:Old Dutch building - panoramio.jpg|275px]]\n| Caption =Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (2013).\n| Type = Nasional\n| Criteria = Bangunan\n| ID =\tCB.7\n| Location =[[Jakarta Pusat]], [[DKI Jakarta]]\n| Year = 1983 & 2013\n| ownership = {{INA}}\n| management = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional\n| Link =http://cagarbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/cagarbudaya/detail/PO2013091000005/gedung-kebangkitan-nasional\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monumen tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya organisasi pergerakan modern pertama kali dengan nama Boedi Oetomo.","translated_text":"The National Museum of the Resurrection is a building that was built as a monument to the birth and development of national consciousness and also the founding of the first modern movement organization called Boedi Oetomo.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":218,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":218,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum menjadi museum, bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh Belanda dengan nama School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen disingkat STOVIA atau Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra.","translated_text":"Before becoming a museum, the building was originally a medical school founded by the Dutch under the name School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen abbreviated STOVIA or School of Physicians Bumiputra.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":203,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":203,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam perjalanannya, gedung tersebut selalu beralih fungsi.","translated_text":"Along the way, the building always switched functions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":59,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lokasi museum ini tidak jauh dari Pasar Senen, tepatnya di Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh No.26, sebelum RSPAD Gatot Subroto, Jakarta Pusat.","translated_text":"The museum's location is not far from Market Monday, precisely at Abdurrahman Saleh Road No.26, before RSPAD Gatot Subroto, Central Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":133,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":133,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama Sekolah Dokter Jawa yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden atau yang sekarang disebut Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto.","translated_text":"Formerly STOVIA was a thriving medical school under the name of Javanese Medical School founded in 1851 at Weltevreeden Military Hospital or what is now called Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":243,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama.","translated_text":"The entire faculty of the college came from the same hospital physician.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":77,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa H.F. Rool sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902.","translated_text":"Later teaching activities and the school were moved to the side of the military hospital on the initiative of H.F. Rool the director until successfully completed on 1 March 1902.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":188,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena perkembangan yang pesat, STOVIA pindah dari daerah Kwini Senen ke Salemba yang kini menjadi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.","translated_text":"Due to its rapid development, STOVIA moved from the area of Kwini Senen to Salemba which is now the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":141,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kampus yang terletak di Kwini sejak tahun 1926 dialihfungsikan menjadi tempat pendidikan MULO, setingkat SMP dan AMS, setingkat SMA.","translated_text":"The campus located in Kwini since 1926 has been converted into MULO, a secondary school and AMS, a secondary school.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":132,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Lalu, ketika Jepang tiba pada tahun 1942-1954, gedung pertama difungsikan sebagai tahanan pasukan Belanda yang melawan Jepang.","translated_text":"Then, when the Japanese arrived in 1942-1954, the first building was used as a prisoner of the Dutch troops fighting the 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Soetomo pernah menimba ilmu.","translated_text":"Also in this building are some figures of the movement such as Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, and R. Soetomo once promoted science.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":143,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, selanjutnya pada tahun 1973 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}}","char_index":190,"name":"e","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323370,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:44.944241-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Museum di Jakarta Kategori:Bangunan cagar budaya di Indonesia Kategori:Cagar budaya peringkat nasional Kategori:Cagar budaya Indonesia di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta","translated_text":":Museums in Jakarta Category:Buildings of cultural reserves in Indonesia Category:Culture reserves of national rank Category:Culture reserves of Indonesia in the Special Region Capital Jakarta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monumen tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya organisasi pergerakan modern pertama kali dengan nama Boedi Oetomo.","translated_text":"The National Museum of the Resurrection is a building that was built as a monument to the birth and development of national consciousness and also the founding of the first modern movement organization called Boedi Oetomo.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":218,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":218,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monumen tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya organisasi pergerakan modern pertama kali dengan nama Boedi Oetomo. Sebelum menjadi museum, bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh Belanda dengan nama School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen disingkat STOVIA atau Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra.","translated_text":"The National Museum of the Resurrection is a building that was built as a monument to the birth and development of national consciousness and also the founding of the first modern movement organization called Boedi Oetomo. Before becoming a museum, the building was originally a medical school founded by the Dutch under the name School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen abbreviated STOVIA or School of Physicians Bumiputra.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":422,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":422,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Museum Kebangkitan Nasional adalah sebuah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monumen tempat lahir dan berkembangnya kesadaran nasional dan juga ditemukannya organisasi pergerakan modern pertama kali dengan nama Boedi Oetomo. Sebelum menjadi museum, bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh Belanda dengan nama School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen disingkat STOVIA atau Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra. Dalam perjalanannya, gedung tersebut selalu beralih fungsi.","translated_text":"The National Museum of the Resurrection is a building that was built as a monument to the birth and development of national consciousness and also the founding of the first modern movement organization called Boedi Oetomo. Before becoming a museum, the building was originally a medical school founded by the Dutch under the name School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen abbreviated STOVIA or School of Physicians Bumiputra. Along the way, the building always switched functions.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":482,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum menjadi museum, bangunan ini dahulunya adalah sekolah kedokteran yang didirikan oleh Belanda dengan nama School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen disingkat STOVIA atau Sekolah Dokter Bumiputra. Dalam perjalanannya, gedung tersebut selalu beralih fungsi. Lokasi museum ini tidak jauh dari Pasar Senen, tepatnya di Jalan Abdurrahman Saleh No.26, sebelum RSPAD Gatot Subroto, Jakarta Pusat.","translated_text":"Before becoming a museum, the building was originally a medical school founded by the Dutch under the name School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen abbreviated STOVIA or School of Physicians Bumiputra. Along the way, the building always switched functions. The museum's location is not far from Market Monday, precisely at Abdurrahman Saleh Road No.26, before RSPAD Gatot Subroto, Central Jakarta.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":397,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":397,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama Sekolah Dokter Jawa yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden atau yang sekarang disebut Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto.","translated_text":"Formerly STOVIA was a thriving medical school under the name of Javanese Medical School founded in 1851 at Weltevreeden Military Hospital or what is now called Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":243,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Sebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama Sekolah Dokter Jawa yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden atau yang sekarang disebut Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto. Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama.","translated_text":"Formerly STOVIA was a thriving medical school under the name of Javanese Medical School founded in 1851 at Weltevreeden Military Hospital or what is now called Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital. The entire faculty of the college came from the same hospital physician.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":321,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Sebelumnya STOVIA adalah sebuah sekolah dokter yang masih berkembang dengan nama Sekolah Dokter Jawa yang didirikan pada tahun 1851 di Rumah Sakit Militer Weltevreeden atau yang sekarang disebut Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto. Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama. Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa H.F. Rool sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902.","translated_text":"Formerly STOVIA was a thriving medical school under the name of Javanese Medical School founded in 1851 at Weltevreeden Military Hospital or what is now called Gatot Soebroto Army Central Hospital. The entire faculty of the college came from the same hospital physician. Later teaching activities and the school were moved to the side of the military hospital on the initiative of H.F. Rool the director until successfully completed on 1 March 1902.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":510,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seluruh staf dosen kampus tersebut berasal dari dokter rumah sakit yang sama. Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa H.F. Rool sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902. Karena perkembangan yang pesat, STOVIA pindah dari daerah Kwini Senen ke Salemba yang kini menjadi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.","translated_text":"The entire faculty of the college came from the same hospital physician. Later teaching activities and the school were moved to the side of the military hospital on the initiative of H.F. Rool the director until successfully completed on 1 March 1902. Due to its rapid development, STOVIA moved from the area of Kwini Senen to Salemba which is now the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Indonesia.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":408,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kemudian aktivitas belajar mengajar dan sekolah tersebut dipindahkan di samping rumah sakit militer atas prakarsa H.F. Rool sang direktur hingga berhasil rampung pada tanggal 1 Maret 1902. Karena perkembangan yang pesat, STOVIA pindah dari daerah Kwini Senen ke Salemba yang kini menjadi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Kampus yang terletak di Kwini sejak tahun 1926 dialihfungsikan menjadi tempat pendidikan MULO, setingkat SMP dan AMS, setingkat SMA.","translated_text":"Later teaching activities and the school were moved to the side of the military hospital on the initiative of H.F. Rool the director until successfully completed on 1 March 1902. Due to its rapid development, STOVIA moved from the area of Kwini Senen to Salemba which is now the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Indonesia. The campus located in Kwini since 1926 has been converted into MULO, a secondary school and AMS, a secondary school.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":463,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lalu, ketika Jepang tiba pada tahun 1942-1954, gedung pertama difungsikan sebagai tahanan pasukan Belanda yang melawan Jepang.","translated_text":"Then, when the Japanese arrived in 1942-1954, the first building was used as a prisoner of the Dutch troops fighting the Japanese.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":126,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":126,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Lalu, ketika Jepang tiba pada tahun 1942-1954, gedung pertama difungsikan sebagai tahanan pasukan Belanda yang melawan Jepang. Berlanjut ke masa kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1945 – 1973 gedung tersebut dihuni oleh keluarga tentara Belanda dan orang Ambon.","translated_text":"Then, when the Japanese arrived in 1942-1954, the first building was used as a prisoner of the Dutch troops fighting the Japanese. Continuing to Indonesian independence in 1945 ⁇ 1973 the building was occupied by a family of Dutch soldiers and Ambon people.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":254,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karena nilai sejarahnya yang tinggi, berkaitan dengan kelahiran Boedi Oetomo pada 20 Mei 1908, pada tahun 1948 ditetapkan sebagai hari Kebangkitan Nasional.","translated_text":"Due to its high historical value, related to the birth of Boedi Oetomo on May 20, 1908, in 1948 it was designated as the National Resurrection Day.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":156,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karena nilai sejarahnya yang tinggi, berkaitan dengan kelahiran Boedi Oetomo pada 20 Mei 1908, pada tahun 1948 ditetapkan sebagai hari Kebangkitan Nasional. Selain itu, gedung ini juga merupakan saksi lahirnya organisasi-organisasi pergerakan kebangsaan, yaitu Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, dan Jong Ambon.","translated_text":"Due to its high historical value, related to the birth of Boedi Oetomo on May 20, 1908, in 1948 it was designated as the National Resurrection Day. In addition, the building also witnessed the birth of national movement organizations, namely Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, and Jong Ambon.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":333,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Karena nilai sejarahnya yang tinggi, berkaitan dengan kelahiran Boedi Oetomo pada 20 Mei 1908, pada tahun 1948 ditetapkan sebagai hari Kebangkitan Nasional. Selain itu, gedung ini juga merupakan saksi lahirnya organisasi-organisasi pergerakan kebangsaan, yaitu Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, dan Jong Ambon. Serta di gedung ini juga lah beberapa tokoh pergerakan seperti Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, dan R. Soetomo pernah menimba ilmu.","translated_text":"Due to its high historical value, related to the birth of Boedi Oetomo on May 20, 1908, in 1948 it was designated as the National Resurrection Day. In addition, the building also witnessed the birth of national movement organizations, namely Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, and Jong Ambon. Also in this building are some figures of the movement such as Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, and R. Soetomo once promoted science.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":477,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain itu, gedung ini juga merupakan saksi lahirnya organisasi-organisasi pergerakan kebangsaan, yaitu Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, dan Jong Ambon. Serta di gedung ini juga lah beberapa tokoh pergerakan seperti Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, dan R. Soetomo pernah menimba ilmu. Oleh karena itu, selanjutnya pada tahun 1973 Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta memugar gedung itu, dan pada 20 Mei 1974 bersama dengan presiden Suharto, diresmikanlah menjadi Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional.","translated_text":"In addition, the building also witnessed the birth of national movement organizations, namely Boedi Oetomo, Trikoro Dharmo (Jong Java), Jong Minahasa, and Jong Ambon. Also in this building are some figures of the movement such as Ki Hadjar Dewantara, Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, and R. Soetomo once promoted science. Therefore, later in 1973 the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government modified the building, and on 20 May 1974 together with president Suharto, it was inaugurated as the National Resurrection Building.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":522,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Belum selesai sampai di situ, komplek gedung berbentuk segi empat tersebut dijadikan empat buah museum yaitu Museum Budi Utomo, Museum Wanita, Museum Pers dan Museum Kesehatan sampai akhirnya pada 7 Februari 1984 menjadi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional.","translated_text":"The complex of four rectangular buildings was converted into four museums: the Budi Utomo Museum, the Women's Museum, the Press Museum and the Health Museum until finally on 7 February 1984 it became the National Resurrection Museum.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":249,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Belum selesai sampai di situ, komplek gedung berbentuk segi empat tersebut dijadikan empat buah museum yaitu Museum Budi Utomo, Museum Wanita, Museum Pers dan Museum Kesehatan sampai akhirnya pada 7 Februari 1984 menjadi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional. Sedangkan keluarga dari Ambon yang tinggal di tempat itu dipindahkan ke perumahan Cengkareng Jakarta.","translated_text":"The complex of four rectangular buildings was converted into four museums: the Budi Utomo Museum, the Women's Museum, the Press Museum and the Health Museum until finally on 7 February 1984 it became the National Resurrection Museum. While the family of Ambon who lived in the place were moved to Cengkareng Jakarta residence.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":351,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = PusakaIndonesia.com | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional (STOVIA) | url = http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212435/http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":351,"name":"c","url":"http://www.pusakaindonesia.org/museum-kebangkitan-nasional-stovia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":796,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:42.730737-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sedangkan keluarga dari Ambon yang tinggal di tempat itu dipindahkan ke perumahan Cengkareng Jakarta. Museum ini juga ditetapkan sebagai Benda Cagar Budaya. Sehingga konsekuensinya gedung ini harus tetap dilestarikan, dipelihara, dan tidak boleh dirombak.","translated_text":"While the family of Ambon who lived in the place were moved to Cengkareng Jakarta residence. The museum is also designated as a Cultural Treasure. As a consequence, this building must be preserved, maintained, and not remodeled.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215630/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":255,"name":"a","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:25.184783-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selanjutnya, pengunjung disuguhkan dengan seluruh koleksi museum dengan total 2.042 buah berupa bangunan, mebel, jam dinding, gantungan lonceng, perlengkapan kesehatan, pakaian, senjata, foto, lukisan, patung, diorama, peta/maket/sketsa, dan miniatur.","translated_text":"Furthermore, visitors are provided with the museum's entire collection of 2,042 pieces in the form of buildings, furniture, wall clocks, bell hangers, medical supplies, clothing, weapons, photographs, paintings, sculptures, dioramas, maps/makeets/sketches, and miniatures.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502215223/http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/ | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":251,"name":"b","url":"http://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/museumkebangkitannasional/2014/01/13/sejarah-gedung-museum-kebangkitan-nasional/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:33.931182-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selanjutnya, pengunjung disuguhkan dengan seluruh koleksi museum dengan total 2.042 buah berupa bangunan, mebel, jam dinding, gantungan lonceng, perlengkapan kesehatan, pakaian, senjata, foto, lukisan, patung, diorama, peta/maket/sketsa, dan miniatur. Seluruh koleksi tersebut dipamerkan di beberapa ruangan antara lain di ruang awal pergerakan, ruang kesadaran nasional, dan ruan pergerakan, dan ruang memorial Boedi Oetomo.","translated_text":"Furthermore, visitors are provided with the museum's entire collection of 2,042 pieces in the form of buildings, furniture, wall clocks, bell hangers, medical supplies, clothing, weapons, photographs, paintings, sculptures, dioramas, maps/makeets/sketches, and miniatures. The entire collection is on display in several rooms including the early movement room, the national awareness room, and the movement ruins, and the Boedi Oetomo memorial room.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = KOMPAS Online | title = Menelusuri Jejak Boedi Oetomo di Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional }}","char_index":425,"name":"d","url":"http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/07/17/10373471/Menelusuri.Jejak.Boedi.Oetomo.di.Museum.Kebangkitan.Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276229,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:43.601380-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9189453125}]},{"text":"Selanjutnya, pengunjung disuguhkan dengan seluruh koleksi museum dengan total 2.042 buah berupa bangunan, mebel, jam dinding, gantungan lonceng, perlengkapan kesehatan, pakaian, senjata, foto, lukisan, patung, diorama, peta/maket/sketsa, dan miniatur. Seluruh koleksi tersebut dipamerkan di beberapa ruangan antara lain di ruang awal pergerakan, ruang kesadaran nasional, dan ruan pergerakan, dan ruang memorial Boedi Oetomo. Terbaru, pada tahun 2012 dan 2013 revitalisasi museum secara bertahap dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat dari segi tata koleksi, pemasangan air conditioner, dan perbaikan pada papan keterangan.","translated_text":"Furthermore, visitors are provided with the museum's entire collection of 2,042 pieces in the form of buildings, furniture, wall clocks, bell hangers, medical supplies, clothing, weapons, photographs, paintings, sculptures, dioramas, maps/makeets/sketches, and miniatures. The entire collection is on display in several rooms including the early movement room, the national awareness room, and the movement ruins, and the Boedi Oetomo memorial room. Recently, in 2012 and 2013, the museum was gradually revitalized by the central government in terms of collection arrangements, air conditioning installation, and improvements to the billboards.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = TEMPO Online | title = Tampilan Baru Koleksi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-03-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140331183800/http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":616,"name":"e","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323370,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:44.944241-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = TEMPO Online | title = Tampilan Baru Koleksi Museum Kebangkitan Nasional | url = http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2014-03-31 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140331183800/http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":616,"name":"e","url":"http://www.tempo.co/read/video/2014/03/28/1609/Tampilan-Baru-Koleksi-Museum-Kebangkitan-Nasional","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":323370,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:44.944241-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.08489990234375}]}]} +{"title":"Gadis Pantai","wikicode":"\n'''Gadis Pantai''' adalah [[novel]] karya [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]]. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama ''The Girl from the Coast''.Gouda F. 2008. ''Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942''. Singapore: Equinox. Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi [[feodalisme]] di daerah [[Jawa]].Ong A, Peletz MG. 1995. ''Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia''. London: University of California. Buku ini juga memiliki ciri khas dari Pramoedya Anananta Toer, yakni menceritakan kisah pernikahan dini dan kritik terhadap situasi sosial. Cerita ini dibuat berdasarkan kisah pernikahan neneknya sendiri.Smith BJ, Woodward M. 2013. ''Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam: Leaders, Feminists, Sufis and Pesantren Selves''. New York: Routledge.\n\nNovel sastra [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]] atau yang biasa dipanggil Pram menyebut tokoh dalam buku ini gadis pantai, seorang gadis desa yang harus rela dipersunting oleh Bendoro atau Priyayi. Dengan latar belakang zaman Hindia-Belanda, gadis ini masih berumur belia dan harus siap menjadi permaisuri dari Bendoro. Karena hutang pelik dari keluarganya, sebuah keterpaksaan yang tak bisa dihindari pada eranya.{{cite web|url=https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal|title=Novel Sastra Legendaris Pramoedya Ananta Toer 'Gadis Pantai'|last=Beart|first=Indonesia|date=09 April 2020|website=Beart Indonesia|publisher=[[Beart.id]]|accessdate=09 April 2020|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/|dead-url=no}}\n\n== Sinopsis ==\nPada dasarnya ada lima babak besar yang menggambarkan ide dasar cerita, yakni Gadis Pantai meninggalkan kampung,Gadis Pantai beradaptasi di rumah Bendoro, Gadis Pantai sebagai istri Bendoro, Gadis Pantai mengunjungi orangtuanya, dan Gadis Pantai diceraikan.\n\n=== Gadis pantai meninggalkan kampung ===\nPada bagian awal novel ini diceritakan tokoh Gadis Pantai terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halamannya, sebuah kampung nelayan, karena harus pergi ke kota untuk tinggal di rumah Bendoro.Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara. Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan yang tinggal di kota Rembang. Pada awal abad ke-20 biasa terjadi pernikahan yang pasangannya belum saling mengenal karena yang menjodohkan adalah orang tua masing-masing. Namun, menikah dengan seorang bangsawan adalah hal yang luar biasa. Orangtua dari Gadis Pantai merasa terangkat derajatnya dan hidupnya lebih sejahtera.\n\n=== Gadis Pantai beradaptasi di rumah Bendoro ===\nSetelah menunggu beberapa jam, akhirnya Gadis Pantai diterima Bendoro dan tinggal di rumah bangsawan itu. Ada perubahan status Gadis Pantai. Semula ia hanya gadis kampung yang miskin, tetapi sekarang menjadi istri Bendoro dan sebutannya pun terasa aneh bagi telinga Gadis\nPantai itu sendiri, Mas Nganten. Bujang perempuan yang semula kurang menghormatinya, sekarang sangat patuh dan tunduk dengan segala perintah Gadis Pantai. Selama tiga bulan pertama Gadis Pantai tidak boleh pergi ke luar. Selama waktu itu, ia belajar sopan santun priyayi, mengaji, membatik, dan aturan-aturan lain yang ditetapkan dalam rumah Bendoro itu. Pada mulanya ia masih ditemani ayah dan ibunya, tetapi kemudian mereka pulang ke kampung untuk bekerja seperti biasanya. Selama tiga bulan itu, Gadis Pantai merasa seperti dalam kurungan. Ia sangat rindu ibu dan kampung halamannya.\n=== Gadis Pantai sebagai istri Bendoro ===\nSetelah selama tiga bulan Gadis Pantai belajar menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan priyayi, ia mulai betah tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Ia lebih sering meninggalkan kamarnya, dan bercakap-cakap dengan kerabat Bendoro, para bujang, dan kadang-kadang dengan tetangga. Lama-lama ia bisa mandiri, tidak harus bertanya-tanya kepada bujang apa yang harus dilakukannya. Ia sudah berani di kamar tengah untuk bercakap-cakap dengan Bendoro, atau mengobati Bendoro jika sakitnya kambuh. Selain itu, ia juga mulai rindu kepada Bendoro. Jika semalam Bendoro tidak mengunjungi kamarnya, ia merasa sedih. Ia mulai cemburu jika Bendoro berhari-hari pergi, dan ia mulai menyadari pula bahwa ia tidak berhak melarang Bendoro ke mana pun ia pergi. Ada perasaan iri terhadap kehidupan suami-istri di kampung dimana istri dapat mengetahui tujuan suaminya pergi. Istri di kampung dapat pula mengritik suaminya.\n=== Gadis pantai mengunjungi orangtuanya ===\nGadis Pantai pulang kampung dengan naik dokar dan diantar Mardinah. Dalam perjalanan menuju kampung, Gadis Pantai merasa lepas, dunianya bertambah luas, tidak seperti di rumah Bendoro. Ia bisa tertawa terbahak-bahak, mengejek orang kota, dan tidak mengindahkan peringatan Mardinah. Dunia menjadi terbalik, Mardinah sering mengejek Gadis Pantai ketika tinggal di rumah Bendoro, dalam perjalanan ke kampung menjadi ejekan Gadis Pantai dan Pak Kusir.\n\n=== menceraikan gadis pantai ===\nGadis Pantai terkejut mendengar keterangan ayahnya bahwa ia telah diceraikan. Ia ingin membawa anaknya pulang ke kampung bersamanya, tetapi dilarang oleh Bendoro. Hati Gadis Pantai sangat sedih dan malu. Ia mengambil keputusan untuk tidak pulang ke kampung, tetapi akan pergi ke Blora, ke tempat bujang perempuan yang terusir.\n\n== Analisis ==\n=== Aspek androgini ===\n[[Androgini]] adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin. Konsep ini lahir dari teori [[Melanie Klein]] bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu. Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan. Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan. [[Istri]] sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat. Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya. Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta. Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah. Bagaimanapun [[pernikahan]] merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (''[[parental androgyny]]''). Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya. Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum [[priyayi]]. Ia mulai menaruh harapan pada suaminya si Bendoro. Puncak ketidakharmonisan Gadis Pantai dengan Bendoro adalah diceraikannya Gadis Pantai oleh Bendoro ketika bayinya berusia tiga setengah bulan.Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.\n\n\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]]\n* [[Novel]]\n* [[Indonesia]]\n\n[[Kategori:Novel| ]]\n[[Kategori:Novel Indonesia]]","hash":"f293f7dcaeed25c1a5dbef0091ff2cf7236edac9e71369f528970ee999f71ce6","last_revision":"2023-11-19T02:39:49Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T01:19:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.126552","cross_lingual_links":{"fr":"La Fille du rivage","jv":"Gadis Pantai"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Gadis Pantai adalah novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama The Girl from the Coast. Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi feodalisme di daerah Jawa. Buku ini juga memiliki ciri khas dari Pramoedya Anananta Toer, yakni menceritakan kisah pernikahan dini dan kritik terhadap situasi sosial. Cerita ini dibuat berdasarkan kisah pernikahan neneknya sendiri.\n\nNovel sastra Pramoedya Ananta Toer atau yang biasa dipanggil Pram menyebut tokoh dalam buku ini gadis pantai, seorang gadis desa yang harus rela dipersunting oleh Bendoro atau Priyayi. Dengan latar belakang zaman Hindia-Belanda, gadis ini masih berumur belia dan harus siap menjadi permaisuri dari Bendoro. Karena hutang pelik dari keluarganya, sebuah keterpaksaan yang tak bisa dihindari pada eranya.\n\nPada dasarnya ada lima babak besar yang menggambarkan ide dasar cerita, yakni Gadis Pantai meninggalkan kampung,Gadis Pantai beradaptasi di rumah Bendoro, Gadis Pantai sebagai istri Bendoro, Gadis Pantai mengunjungi orangtuanya, dan Gadis Pantai diceraikan.\n\nPada bagian awal novel ini diceritakan tokoh Gadis Pantai terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halamannya, sebuah kampung nelayan, karena harus pergi ke kota untuk tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan yang tinggal di kota Rembang. Pada awal abad ke-20 biasa terjadi pernikahan yang pasangannya belum saling mengenal karena yang menjodohkan adalah orang tua masing-masing. Namun, menikah dengan seorang bangsawan adalah hal yang luar biasa. Orangtua dari Gadis Pantai merasa terangkat derajatnya dan hidupnya lebih sejahtera.\n\nSetelah menunggu beberapa jam, akhirnya Gadis Pantai diterima Bendoro dan tinggal di rumah bangsawan itu. Ada perubahan status Gadis Pantai. Semula ia hanya gadis kampung yang miskin, tetapi sekarang menjadi istri Bendoro dan sebutannya pun terasa aneh bagi telinga Gadis Pantai itu sendiri, Mas Nganten. Bujang perempuan yang semula kurang menghormatinya, sekarang sangat patuh dan tunduk dengan segala perintah Gadis Pantai. Selama tiga bulan pertama Gadis Pantai tidak boleh pergi ke luar. Selama waktu itu, ia belajar sopan santun priyayi, mengaji, membatik, dan aturan-aturan lain yang ditetapkan dalam rumah Bendoro itu. Pada mulanya ia masih ditemani ayah dan ibunya, tetapi kemudian mereka pulang ke kampung untuk bekerja seperti biasanya. Selama tiga bulan itu, Gadis Pantai merasa seperti dalam kurungan. Ia sangat rindu ibu dan kampung halamannya.\n\nSetelah selama tiga bulan Gadis Pantai belajar menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan priyayi, ia mulai betah tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Ia lebih sering meninggalkan kamarnya, dan bercakap-cakap dengan kerabat Bendoro, para bujang, dan kadang-kadang dengan tetangga. Lama-lama ia bisa mandiri, tidak harus bertanya-tanya kepada bujang apa yang harus dilakukannya. Ia sudah berani di kamar tengah untuk bercakap-cakap dengan Bendoro, atau mengobati Bendoro jika sakitnya kambuh. Selain itu, ia juga mulai rindu kepada Bendoro. Jika semalam Bendoro tidak mengunjungi kamarnya, ia merasa sedih. Ia mulai cemburu jika Bendoro berhari-hari pergi, dan ia mulai menyadari pula bahwa ia tidak berhak melarang Bendoro ke mana pun ia pergi. Ada perasaan iri terhadap kehidupan suami-istri di kampung dimana istri dapat mengetahui tujuan suaminya pergi. Istri di kampung dapat pula mengritik suaminya.\n\nGadis Pantai pulang kampung dengan naik dokar dan diantar Mardinah. Dalam perjalanan menuju kampung, Gadis Pantai merasa lepas, dunianya bertambah luas, tidak seperti di rumah Bendoro. Ia bisa tertawa terbahak-bahak, mengejek orang kota, dan tidak mengindahkan peringatan Mardinah. Dunia menjadi terbalik, Mardinah sering mengejek Gadis Pantai ketika tinggal di rumah Bendoro, dalam perjalanan ke kampung menjadi ejekan Gadis Pantai dan Pak Kusir.\n\nGadis Pantai terkejut mendengar keterangan ayahnya bahwa ia telah diceraikan. Ia ingin membawa anaknya pulang ke kampung bersamanya, tetapi dilarang oleh Bendoro. Hati Gadis Pantai sangat sedih dan malu. Ia mengambil keputusan untuk tidak pulang ke kampung, tetapi akan pergi ke Blora, ke tempat bujang perempuan yang terusir.\n\nAndrogini adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin. Konsep ini lahir dari teori Melanie Klein bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu. Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan. Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan. Istri sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat. Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya. Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta. Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah. Bagaimanapun pernikahan merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (parental androgyny). Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya. Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum priyayi. Ia mulai menaruh harapan pada suaminya si Bendoro. Puncak ketidakharmonisan Gadis Pantai dengan Bendoro adalah diceraikannya Gadis Pantai oleh Bendoro ketika bayinya berusia tiga setengah bulan.\n\nPramoedya Ananta Toer Novel Indonesia\n\nKategori:Novel Kategori:Novel Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gadis Pantai adalah novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer.","translated_text":"Girl of the Beach is a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Ong A, Peletz MG. 1995. ''Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia''. London: University of California.","char_index":54,"name":"Ong & Peletz","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama The Girl from the Coast.","translated_text":"In English, the novel is known as The Girl from the Coast.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Gouda F. 2008. ''Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942''. Singapore: Equinox.","char_index":76,"name":"Gouda","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi feodalisme di daerah Jawa.","translated_text":"The novel provides an overview of the situation of feudalism in the region of Java.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Ong A, Peletz MG. 1995. ''Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia''. London: University of California.","char_index":73,"name":"Ong & Peletz","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buku ini juga memiliki ciri khas dari Pramoedya Anananta Toer, yakni menceritakan kisah pernikahan dini dan kritik terhadap situasi sosial.","translated_text":"The book also has the characteristic of Pramoedya Anananta Toer, which tells the story of early marriage and criticism of social situations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Smith BJ, Woodward M. 2013. ''Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam: Leaders, Feminists, Sufis and Pesantren Selves''. New York: Routledge.","char_index":139,"name":"Smith & Woodward","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cerita ini dibuat berdasarkan kisah pernikahan neneknya sendiri.","translated_text":"This story is based on her own grandmother's wedding.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Smith BJ, Woodward M. 2013. ''Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam: Leaders, Feminists, Sufis and Pesantren Selves''. New York: Routledge.","char_index":64,"name":"Smith & Woodward","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Novel sastra Pramoedya Ananta Toer atau yang biasa dipanggil Pram menyebut tokoh dalam buku ini gadis pantai, seorang gadis desa yang harus rela dipersunting oleh Bendoro atau Priyayi.","translated_text":"The literary novel Pramoedya Ananta Toer or what is commonly called Pram calls the character in this book a beach girl, a village girl who must be willingly edited by Bendoro or Priyayi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan latar belakang zaman Hindia-Belanda, gadis ini masih berumur belia dan harus siap menjadi permaisuri dari Bendoro.","translated_text":"With an Indo-Dutch background, this girl is still a teenager and must be ready to be the queen of Bendoro.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena hutang pelik dari keluarganya, sebuah keterpaksaan yang tak bisa dihindari pada eranya.","translated_text":"Because of a strange debt from his family, an inevitable constraint in his time.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal|title=Novel Sastra Legendaris Pramoedya Ananta Toer 'Gadis Pantai'|last=Beart|first=Indonesia|date=09 April 2020|website=Beart Indonesia|publisher=[[Beart.id]]|accessdate=09 April 2020|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":"https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:45.913507-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal|title=Novel Sastra Legendaris Pramoedya Ananta Toer 'Gadis Pantai'|last=Beart|first=Indonesia|date=09 April 2020|website=Beart Indonesia|publisher=[[Beart.id]]|accessdate=09 April 2020|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":94,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.161517-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sinopsis","translated_text":"Synopsis of the book","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada dasarnya ada lima babak besar yang menggambarkan ide dasar cerita, yakni Gadis Pantai meninggalkan kampung,Gadis Pantai beradaptasi di rumah Bendoro, Gadis Pantai sebagai istri Bendoro, Gadis Pantai mengunjungi orangtuanya, dan Gadis Pantai diceraikan.","translated_text":"There are basically five big episodes that describe the basic idea of the story: The Beach Girl leaves the village, The Beach Girl adapts to Bendoro's house, The Beach Girl as Bendoro's wife, The Beach Girl visits her parents, and The Beach Girl gets divorced.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. 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Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":84,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hati Gadis Pantai sangat sedih dan malu.","translated_text":"The Heart of the Beach Girl is so sad and ashamed.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":40,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mengambil keputusan untuk tidak pulang ke kampung, tetapi akan pergi ke Blora, ke tempat bujang perempuan yang terusir.","translated_text":"He decides not to return to the village, but to go to Blora, the home of a persistent slave girl.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":122,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Analisis","translated_text":"The analysis","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Aspek androgini","translated_text":"Aspects of androgyny","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Androgini adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin.","translated_text":"Androgens are the union of the sexes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":43,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konsep ini lahir dari teori Melanie Klein bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu.","translated_text":"This concept was born from Melanie Klein's theory that a child was not yet able to distinguish between the sexes, and initially only one sex.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":141,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan.","translated_text":"In this book, Bendoro is a nobleman, whereas the Beach Girl comes from the majority.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":102,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan.","translated_text":"Bendoro, on the other hand, considered that the marriage was not a real marriage, the Beach Girl was only considered an experimental wife.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":141,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istri sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat.","translated_text":"A wife is actually a wife from a middle-class family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":67,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya.","translated_text":"Moreover, the Beach Girl herself refuses to marry, but has no strength to resist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":103,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta.","translated_text":"From the Beach Girl's side, the wedding was just about to follow her crazy parents' wishes of position and wealth.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":111,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah.","translated_text":"As a result, these non-androgenic marriages create a variety of conflicts at the expense of the loser.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":109,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bagaimanapun pernikahan merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (parental androgyny).","translated_text":"After all, marriage is a human endeavor to unite the sexes (parental androgyny).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":103,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya.","translated_text":"This is reflected in the attitude and efforts of the Beach Girls to resolve their marriage conflicts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":102,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum priyayi.","translated_text":"Despite the initial doubts, the Beach Girl was able to adapt to the life of the priyayi.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":102,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia mulai menaruh harapan pada suaminya si Bendoro.","translated_text":"She began to put hope in her husband, Bendoro.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":50,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Puncak ketidakharmonisan Gadis Pantai dengan Bendoro adalah diceraikannya Gadis Pantai oleh Bendoro ketika bayinya berusia tiga setengah bulan.","translated_text":"The peak of Beach Girl's disharmony with Bendoro was that Beach Girl was divorced by Bendoro when her baby was three and a half months old.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":143,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pramoedya Ananta Toer Novel Indonesia","translated_text":"Pramoedya Ananta Toer Indonesian novel","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Novel Kategori:Novel Indonesia","translated_text":"Novel Category:Indonesian novel","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gadis Pantai adalah novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer.","translated_text":"Girl of the Beach is a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer.","citations":[{"content":"Ong A, Peletz MG. 1995. ''Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia''. London: University of California.","char_index":54,"name":"Ong & Peletz","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai adalah novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama The Girl from the Coast.","translated_text":"Girl of the Beach is a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. In English, the novel is known as The Girl from the Coast.","citations":[{"content":"Gouda F. 2008. ''Dutch Culture Overseas: Colonial Practice in the Netherlands Indies, 1900-1942''. Singapore: Equinox.","char_index":131,"name":"Gouda","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai adalah novel karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama The Girl from the Coast. Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi feodalisme di daerah Jawa.","translated_text":"Girl of the Beach is a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer. In English, the novel is known as The Girl from the Coast. The novel provides an overview of the situation of feudalism in the region of Java.","citations":[{"content":"Ong A, Peletz MG. 1995. ''Bewitching Women, Pious Men: Gender and Body Politics in Southeast Asia''. London: University of California.","char_index":205,"name":"Ong & Peletz","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam Bahasa Inggris, novel ini dikenal dengan nama The Girl from the Coast. Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi feodalisme di daerah Jawa. Buku ini juga memiliki ciri khas dari Pramoedya Anananta Toer, yakni menceritakan kisah pernikahan dini dan kritik terhadap situasi sosial.","translated_text":"In English, the novel is known as The Girl from the Coast. The novel provides an overview of the situation of feudalism in the region of Java. The book also has the characteristic of Pramoedya Anananta Toer, which tells the story of early marriage and criticism of social situations.","citations":[{"content":"Smith BJ, Woodward M. 2013. ''Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam: Leaders, Feminists, Sufis and Pesantren Selves''. New York: Routledge.","char_index":290,"name":"Smith & Woodward","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Novel ini memberikan gambaran mengenai situasi feodalisme di daerah Jawa. Buku ini juga memiliki ciri khas dari Pramoedya Anananta Toer, yakni menceritakan kisah pernikahan dini dan kritik terhadap situasi sosial. Cerita ini dibuat berdasarkan kisah pernikahan neneknya sendiri.","translated_text":"The novel provides an overview of the situation of feudalism in the region of Java. The book also has the characteristic of Pramoedya Anananta Toer, which tells the story of early marriage and criticism of social situations. This story is based on her own grandmother's wedding.","citations":[{"content":"Smith BJ, Woodward M. 2013. ''Gender and Power in Indonesian Islam: Leaders, Feminists, Sufis and Pesantren Selves''. New York: Routledge.","char_index":278,"name":"Smith & Woodward","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Novel sastra Pramoedya Ananta Toer atau yang biasa dipanggil Pram menyebut tokoh dalam buku ini gadis pantai, seorang gadis desa yang harus rela dipersunting oleh Bendoro atau Priyayi. Dengan latar belakang zaman Hindia-Belanda, gadis ini masih berumur belia dan harus siap menjadi permaisuri dari Bendoro. Karena hutang pelik dari keluarganya, sebuah keterpaksaan yang tak bisa dihindari pada eranya.","translated_text":"The literary novel Pramoedya Ananta Toer or what is commonly called Pram calls the character in this book a beach girl, a village girl who must be willingly edited by Bendoro or Priyayi. With an Indo-Dutch background, this girl is still a teenager and must be ready to be the queen of Bendoro. Because of a strange debt from his family, an inevitable constraint in his time.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal|title=Novel Sastra Legendaris Pramoedya Ananta Toer 'Gadis Pantai'|last=Beart|first=Indonesia|date=09 April 2020|website=Beart Indonesia|publisher=[[Beart.id]]|accessdate=09 April 2020|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":401,"name":null,"url":"https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:45.913507-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal|title=Novel Sastra Legendaris Pramoedya Ananta Toer 'Gadis Pantai'|last=Beart|first=Indonesia|date=09 April 2020|website=Beart Indonesia|publisher=[[Beart.id]]|accessdate=09 April 2020|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":401,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230416231123/https://beart.id/5-novel-sastra-karya-novelis-dan-sastrawan-terkenal/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.161517-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada dasarnya ada lima babak besar yang menggambarkan ide dasar cerita, yakni Gadis Pantai meninggalkan kampung,Gadis Pantai beradaptasi di rumah Bendoro, Gadis Pantai sebagai istri Bendoro, Gadis Pantai mengunjungi orangtuanya, dan Gadis Pantai diceraikan.","translated_text":"There are basically five big episodes that describe the basic idea of the story: The Beach Girl leaves the village, The Beach Girl adapts to Bendoro's house, The Beach Girl as Bendoro's wife, The Beach Girl visits her parents, and The Beach Girl gets divorced.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":257,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada bagian awal novel ini diceritakan tokoh Gadis Pantai terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halamannya, sebuah kampung nelayan, karena harus pergi ke kota untuk tinggal di rumah Bendoro.","translated_text":"In the early part of the novel, it is told that the character of the Beach Girl is forced to leave her hometown, a fishing village, because she has to go to the city to live in the house of Bendoro.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":182,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada bagian awal novel ini diceritakan tokoh Gadis Pantai terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halamannya, sebuah kampung nelayan, karena harus pergi ke kota untuk tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan yang tinggal di kota Rembang.","translated_text":"In the early part of the novel, it is told that the character of the Beach Girl is forced to leave her hometown, a fishing village, because she has to go to the city to live in the house of Bendoro. Bendoro is a nobleman who lives in Rembang city.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":245,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada bagian awal novel ini diceritakan tokoh Gadis Pantai terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halamannya, sebuah kampung nelayan, karena harus pergi ke kota untuk tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan yang tinggal di kota Rembang. Pada awal abad ke-20 biasa terjadi pernikahan yang pasangannya belum saling mengenal karena yang menjodohkan adalah orang tua masing-masing.","translated_text":"In the early part of the novel, it is told that the character of the Beach Girl is forced to leave her hometown, a fishing village, because she has to go to the city to live in the house of Bendoro. Bendoro is a nobleman who lives in Rembang city. In the early part of the 20th century, it was common for marriages to take place where the spouses did not know each other.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":386,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan yang tinggal di kota Rembang. Pada awal abad ke-20 biasa terjadi pernikahan yang pasangannya belum saling mengenal karena yang menjodohkan adalah orang tua masing-masing. Namun, menikah dengan seorang bangsawan adalah hal yang luar biasa.","translated_text":"Bendoro is a nobleman who lives in Rembang city. In the early part of the 20th century, it was common for marriages to take place where the spouses did not know each other. However, marrying a nobleman is a wonderful thing.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":271,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awal abad ke-20 biasa terjadi pernikahan yang pasangannya belum saling mengenal karena yang menjodohkan adalah orang tua masing-masing. Namun, menikah dengan seorang bangsawan adalah hal yang luar biasa. Orangtua dari Gadis Pantai merasa terangkat derajatnya dan hidupnya lebih sejahtera.","translated_text":"In the early part of the 20th century, it was common for marriages to take place where the spouses did not know each other. However, marrying a nobleman is a wonderful thing. The Beach Girl's parents felt her degree was raised and her life was more prosperous.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":293,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah menunggu beberapa jam, akhirnya Gadis Pantai diterima Bendoro dan tinggal di rumah bangsawan itu.","translated_text":"After waiting a few hours, the Beach Girl finally accepted Bendoro and stayed at the noble house.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":105,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah menunggu beberapa jam, akhirnya Gadis Pantai diterima Bendoro dan tinggal di rumah bangsawan itu. Ada perubahan status Gadis Pantai.","translated_text":"After waiting a few hours, the Beach Girl finally accepted Bendoro and stayed at the noble house. There's been a change in the status of the Beach Girls.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":140,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah menunggu beberapa jam, akhirnya Gadis Pantai diterima Bendoro dan tinggal di rumah bangsawan itu. Ada perubahan status Gadis Pantai. Semula ia hanya gadis kampung yang miskin, tetapi sekarang menjadi istri Bendoro dan sebutannya pun terasa aneh bagi telinga Gadis Pantai itu sendiri, Mas Nganten.","translated_text":"After waiting a few hours, the Beach Girl finally accepted Bendoro and stayed at the noble house. There's been a change in the status of the Beach Girls. At first she was just a poor village girl, but now she is the wife of Bendoro and her name is strange to the ear of the Beach Girl herself, Mas Nganten.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":304,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ada perubahan status Gadis Pantai. Semula ia hanya gadis kampung yang miskin, tetapi sekarang menjadi istri Bendoro dan sebutannya pun terasa aneh bagi telinga Gadis Pantai itu sendiri, Mas Nganten. Bujang perempuan yang semula kurang menghormatinya, sekarang sangat patuh dan tunduk dengan segala perintah Gadis Pantai.","translated_text":"There's been a change in the status of the Beach Girls. At first she was just a poor village girl, but now she is the wife of Bendoro and her name is strange to the ear of the Beach Girl herself, Mas Nganten. The slave girl who once disrespected him is now very obedient and subject to all the orders of the Beach Girls.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":320,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Semula ia hanya gadis kampung yang miskin, tetapi sekarang menjadi istri Bendoro dan sebutannya pun terasa aneh bagi telinga Gadis Pantai itu sendiri, Mas Nganten. Bujang perempuan yang semula kurang menghormatinya, sekarang sangat patuh dan tunduk dengan segala perintah Gadis Pantai. Selama tiga bulan pertama Gadis Pantai tidak boleh pergi ke luar.","translated_text":"At first she was just a poor village girl, but now she is the wife of Bendoro and her name is strange to the ear of the Beach Girl herself, Mas Nganten. The slave girl who once disrespected him is now very obedient and subject to all the orders of the Beach Girls. For the first three months the Beach Girl was not allowed to go out.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":351,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bujang perempuan yang semula kurang menghormatinya, sekarang sangat patuh dan tunduk dengan segala perintah Gadis Pantai. Selama tiga bulan pertama Gadis Pantai tidak boleh pergi ke luar. Selama waktu itu, ia belajar sopan santun priyayi, mengaji, membatik, dan aturan-aturan lain yang ditetapkan dalam rumah Bendoro itu.","translated_text":"The slave girl who once disrespected him is now very obedient and subject to all the orders of the Beach Girls. For the first three months the Beach Girl was not allowed to go out. During that time, he learned the manners of priyayi, reverence, manners, and other rules set in Bendoro's household.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":321,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selama tiga bulan pertama Gadis Pantai tidak boleh pergi ke luar. Selama waktu itu, ia belajar sopan santun priyayi, mengaji, membatik, dan aturan-aturan lain yang ditetapkan dalam rumah Bendoro itu. Pada mulanya ia masih ditemani ayah dan ibunya, tetapi kemudian mereka pulang ke kampung untuk bekerja seperti biasanya.","translated_text":"For the first three months the Beach Girl was not allowed to go out. During that time, he learned the manners of priyayi, reverence, manners, and other rules set in Bendoro's household. At first he was still accompanied by his father and mother, but then they returned home to work as usual.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":320,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada mulanya ia masih ditemani ayah dan ibunya, tetapi kemudian mereka pulang ke kampung untuk bekerja seperti biasanya. Selama tiga bulan itu, Gadis Pantai merasa seperti dalam kurungan. Ia sangat rindu ibu dan kampung halamannya.","translated_text":"At first he was still accompanied by his father and mother, but then they returned home to work as usual. For those three months, the Beach Girl felt like a prisoner. He misses his mother and his hometown so much.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":231,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah selama tiga bulan Gadis Pantai belajar menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan priyayi, ia mulai betah tinggal di rumah Bendoro.","translated_text":"After three months of learning to adjust to Priyayi's life, she began to live in Bendoro's house.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":131,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah selama tiga bulan Gadis Pantai belajar menyesuaikan diri dengan kehidupan priyayi, ia mulai betah tinggal di rumah Bendoro. Ia lebih sering meninggalkan kamarnya, dan bercakap-cakap dengan kerabat Bendoro, para bujang, dan kadang-kadang dengan tetangga.","translated_text":"After three months of learning to adjust to Priyayi's life, she began to live in Bendoro's house. He left his room more often, and he talked to Bendoro's relatives, singles, and sometimes neighbors.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":261,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia lebih sering meninggalkan kamarnya, dan bercakap-cakap dengan kerabat Bendoro, para bujang, dan kadang-kadang dengan tetangga. Lama -lama ia bisa mandiri, tidak harus bertanya-tanya kepada bujang apa yang harus dilakukannya.","translated_text":"He left his room more often, and he talked to Bendoro's relatives, singles, and sometimes neighbors. It's been a long time. - as long as he can be independent, he doesn't have to ask the bachelor what to do.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":227,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lama -lama ia bisa mandiri, tidak harus bertanya-tanya kepada bujang apa yang harus dilakukannya. Ia sudah berani di kamar tengah untuk bercakap-cakap dengan Bendoro, atau mengobati Bendoro jika sakitnya kambuh.","translated_text":"It's been a long time. - as long as he can be independent, he doesn't have to ask the bachelor what to do. He's already ventured into the middle room to talk to Bendoro, or treat Bendoro if his pain returns.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":211,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"-lama ia bisa mandiri, tidak harus bertanya-tanya kepada bujang apa yang harus dilakukannya. Ia sudah berani di kamar tengah untuk bercakap-cakap dengan Bendoro, atau mengobati Bendoro jika sakitnya kambuh. Selain itu, ia juga mulai rindu kepada Bendoro.","translated_text":"- as long as he can be independent, he doesn't have to ask the bachelor what to do. He's already ventured into the middle room to talk to Bendoro, or treat Bendoro if his pain returns. Besides, he also began to miss Bendoro.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":254,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia sudah berani di kamar tengah untuk bercakap-cakap dengan Bendoro, atau mengobati Bendoro jika sakitnya kambuh. Selain itu, ia juga mulai rindu kepada Bendoro. Jika semalam Bendoro tidak mengunjungi kamarnya, ia merasa sedih.","translated_text":"He's already ventured into the middle room to talk to Bendoro, or treat Bendoro if his pain returns. Besides, he also began to miss Bendoro. If Bendoro didn't visit his room last night, he'd be sad.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":227,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain itu, ia juga mulai rindu kepada Bendoro. Jika semalam Bendoro tidak mengunjungi kamarnya, ia merasa sedih. Ia mulai cemburu jika Bendoro berhari-hari pergi, dan ia mulai menyadari pula bahwa ia tidak berhak melarang Bendoro ke mana pun ia pergi.","translated_text":"Besides, he also began to miss Bendoro. If Bendoro didn't visit his room last night, he'd be sad. He became jealous of Bendoro's days away, and he began to realize that he had no right to ban Bendoro wherever he went.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":252,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jika semalam Bendoro tidak mengunjungi kamarnya, ia merasa sedih. Ia mulai cemburu jika Bendoro berhari-hari pergi, dan ia mulai menyadari pula bahwa ia tidak berhak melarang Bendoro ke mana pun ia pergi. Ada perasaan iri terhadap kehidupan suami-istri di kampung dimana istri dapat mengetahui tujuan suaminya pergi.","translated_text":"If Bendoro didn't visit his room last night, he'd be sad. He became jealous of Bendoro's days away, and he began to realize that he had no right to ban Bendoro wherever he went. There is a feeling of envy for the lives of the husbands in the village where the wife can find out the purpose of her husband's departure.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":316,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia mulai cemburu jika Bendoro berhari-hari pergi, dan ia mulai menyadari pula bahwa ia tidak berhak melarang Bendoro ke mana pun ia pergi. Ada perasaan iri terhadap kehidupan suami-istri di kampung dimana istri dapat mengetahui tujuan suaminya pergi. Istri di kampung dapat pula mengritik suaminya.","translated_text":"He became jealous of Bendoro's days away, and he began to realize that he had no right to ban Bendoro wherever he went. There is a feeling of envy for the lives of the husbands in the village where the wife can find out the purpose of her husband's departure. A woman in the village can also criticize her husband.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":298,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai pulang kampung dengan naik dokar dan diantar Mardinah.","translated_text":"The Beach Girl returns to her hometown on a canoe and takes her to Mardinah.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":67,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai pulang kampung dengan naik dokar dan diantar Mardinah. Dalam perjalanan menuju kampung, Gadis Pantai merasa lepas, dunianya bertambah luas, tidak seperti di rumah Bendoro.","translated_text":"The Beach Girl returns to her hometown on a canoe and takes her to Mardinah. On the way to the village, the Beach Girl feels free, her world expands, unlike in Bendoro's house.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":184,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai pulang kampung dengan naik dokar dan diantar Mardinah. Dalam perjalanan menuju kampung, Gadis Pantai merasa lepas, dunianya bertambah luas, tidak seperti di rumah Bendoro. Ia bisa tertawa terbahak-bahak, mengejek orang kota, dan tidak mengindahkan peringatan Mardinah.","translated_text":"The Beach Girl returns to her hometown on a canoe and takes her to Mardinah. On the way to the village, the Beach Girl feels free, her world expands, unlike in Bendoro's house. He could laugh wildly, mock the townspeople, and ignore Mardinah's warnings.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":281,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam perjalanan menuju kampung, Gadis Pantai merasa lepas, dunianya bertambah luas, tidak seperti di rumah Bendoro. Ia bisa tertawa terbahak-bahak, mengejek orang kota, dan tidak mengindahkan peringatan Mardinah. Dunia menjadi terbalik, Mardinah sering mengejek Gadis Pantai ketika tinggal di rumah Bendoro, dalam perjalanan ke kampung menjadi ejekan Gadis Pantai dan Pak Kusir.","translated_text":"On the way to the village, the Beach Girl feels free, her world expands, unlike in Bendoro's house. He could laugh wildly, mock the townspeople, and ignore Mardinah's warnings. The world turns upside down, Mardinah often mocks the Beach Girl when she stays at Bendoro's house, on her way to the village becoming the mockery of the Beach Girl and Mr. Kusir.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":379,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai terkejut mendengar keterangan ayahnya bahwa ia telah diceraikan.","translated_text":"The Beach girl was surprised to hear her father's testimony that she had been divorced.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":77,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai terkejut mendengar keterangan ayahnya bahwa ia telah diceraikan. Ia ingin membawa anaknya pulang ke kampung bersamanya, tetapi dilarang oleh Bendoro.","translated_text":"The Beach girl was surprised to hear her father's testimony that she had been divorced. He wanted to take his son home to the village with him, but was prevented by Bendoro.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":162,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gadis Pantai terkejut mendengar keterangan ayahnya bahwa ia telah diceraikan. Ia ingin membawa anaknya pulang ke kampung bersamanya, tetapi dilarang oleh Bendoro. Hati Gadis Pantai sangat sedih dan malu.","translated_text":"The Beach girl was surprised to hear her father's testimony that she had been divorced. He wanted to take his son home to the village with him, but was prevented by Bendoro. The Heart of the Beach Girl is so sad and ashamed.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":203,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ia ingin membawa anaknya pulang ke kampung bersamanya, tetapi dilarang oleh Bendoro. Hati Gadis Pantai sangat sedih dan malu. Ia mengambil keputusan untuk tidak pulang ke kampung, tetapi akan pergi ke Blora, ke tempat bujang perempuan yang terusir.","translated_text":"He wanted to take his son home to the village with him, but was prevented by Bendoro. The Heart of the Beach Girl is so sad and ashamed. He decides not to return to the village, but to go to Blora, the home of a persistent slave girl.","citations":[{"content":"Toer PA. 2005. ''Gadis Pantai''. Jakarta: Lentera Dipantara.","char_index":248,"name":"Toer","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Androgini adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin.","translated_text":"Androgens are the union of the sexes.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":43,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Androgini adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin. Konsep ini lahir dari teori Melanie Klein bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu.","translated_text":"Androgens are the union of the sexes. This concept was born from Melanie Klein's theory that a child was not yet able to distinguish between the sexes, and initially only one sex.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":185,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Androgini adalah kebersatuan jenis kelamin. Konsep ini lahir dari teori Melanie Klein bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu. Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan.","translated_text":"Androgens are the union of the sexes. This concept was born from Melanie Klein's theory that a child was not yet able to distinguish between the sexes, and initially only one sex. In this book, Bendoro is a nobleman, whereas the Beach Girl comes from the majority.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":288,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Konsep ini lahir dari teori Melanie Klein bahwa seorang anak belum mampu membedakan jenis kelamin, dan pada mulanya jenis kelamin hanya satu. Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan. Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan.","translated_text":"This concept was born from Melanie Klein's theory that a child was not yet able to distinguish between the sexes, and initially only one sex. In this book, Bendoro is a nobleman, whereas the Beach Girl comes from the majority. Bendoro, on the other hand, considered that the marriage was not a real marriage, the Beach Girl was only considered an experimental wife.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":386,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada buku ini, Bendoro adalah seorang bangsawan, sedangkan Gadis Pantai berasal dari orang kebanyakan. Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan. Istri sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat.","translated_text":"In this book, Bendoro is a nobleman, whereas the Beach Girl comes from the majority. Bendoro, on the other hand, considered that the marriage was not a real marriage, the Beach Girl was only considered an experimental wife. A wife is actually a wife from a middle-class family.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":312,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada sisi lain Bendoro menganggap bahwa pernikahan itu bukan pernikahan yang sebenarnya, Gadis Pantai hanya dianggap sebagai istri percobaan. Istri sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat. Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya.","translated_text":"Bendoro, on the other hand, considered that the marriage was not a real marriage, the Beach Girl was only considered an experimental wife. A wife is actually a wife from a middle-class family. Moreover, the Beach Girl herself refuses to marry, but has no strength to resist.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":313,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Istri sebenarnya adalah istri yang berasal keluarga yang sederajat. Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya. Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta.","translated_text":"A wife is actually a wife from a middle-class family. Moreover, the Beach Girl herself refuses to marry, but has no strength to resist. From the Beach Girl's side, the wedding was just about to follow her crazy parents' wishes of position and wealth.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":283,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selain itu, Gadis Pantai sendiri tidak mau dinikahkan, tetapi tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menolaknya. Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta. Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah.","translated_text":"Moreover, the Beach Girl herself refuses to marry, but has no strength to resist. From the Beach Girl's side, the wedding was just about to follow her crazy parents' wishes of position and wealth. As a result, these non-androgenic marriages create a variety of conflicts at the expense of the loser.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":325,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari sisi Gadis Pantai, pernikahan itu hanya ingin menuruti kemauan orang tuanya yang gila kedudukan dan harta. Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah. Bagaimanapun pernikahan merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (parental androgyny).","translated_text":"From the Beach Girl's side, the wedding was just about to follow her crazy parents' wishes of position and wealth. As a result, these non-androgenic marriages create a variety of conflicts at the expense of the loser. After all, marriage is a human endeavor to unite the sexes (parental androgyny).","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":325,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akibatnya, pernikahan yang tidak androginis ini menimbulkan berbagai konflik yang merugikan orang yang kalah. Bagaimanapun pernikahan merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (parental androgyny). Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya.","translated_text":"As a result, these non-androgenic marriages create a variety of conflicts at the expense of the loser. After all, marriage is a human endeavor to unite the sexes (parental androgyny). This is reflected in the attitude and efforts of the Beach Girls to resolve their marriage conflicts.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":316,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bagaimanapun pernikahan merupakan usaha manusia untuk mempersatukan jenis kelamin (parental androgyny). Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya. Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum priyayi.","translated_text":"After all, marriage is a human endeavor to unite the sexes (parental androgyny). This is reflected in the attitude and efforts of the Beach Girls to resolve their marriage conflicts. Despite the initial doubts, the Beach Girl was able to adapt to the life of the priyayi.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":309,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hal ini tercermin pada sikap dan usaha Gadis Pantai untuk menghilangkan konflik-konflik pernikahannya. Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum priyayi. Ia mulai menaruh harapan pada suaminya si Bendoro.","translated_text":"This is reflected in the attitude and efforts of the Beach Girls to resolve their marriage conflicts. Despite the initial doubts, the Beach Girl was able to adapt to the life of the priyayi. She began to put hope in her husband, Bendoro.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":256,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Meskipun pada mulanya ada keraguan, Gadis Pantai dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam kehidupan kaum priyayi. Ia mulai menaruh harapan pada suaminya si Bendoro. Puncak ketidakharmonisan Gadis Pantai dengan Bendoro adalah diceraikannya Gadis Pantai oleh Bendoro ketika bayinya berusia tiga setengah bulan.","translated_text":"Despite the initial doubts, the Beach Girl was able to adapt to the life of the priyayi. She began to put hope in her husband, Bendoro. The peak of Beach Girl's disharmony with Bendoro was that Beach Girl was divorced by Bendoro when her baby was three and a half months old.","citations":[{"content":"Supriyadi. 2005. NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: ANALISIS BERDASARKAN KONSEP ANDROGINI. ''Humaniora'' 17 (2): 195-203.","char_index":297,"name":"Supriyadi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Galeri Nasional Indonesia","wikicode":"[[Berkas:National Gallery of Indonesia.JPG|jmpl|Galeri Nasional Indonesia]]'''Galeri Nasional Indonesia''' ([[bahasa Inggris]]: ''National Gallery of Indonesia'') adalah sebuah lembaga budaya negara atau sebagai museum seni rupa modern dan kontemporer. Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara. Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah [[Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata|Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }} Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa. Lalu fungsi utamanya adalah melindungi, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan asset kesenian (seni rupa) sebagai fasilitas pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Galeri Nasional beralamat di Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 14 [[Jakarta Pusat]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}\n\n== Sejarah ==\n[[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret met de schoolleerlingen van de Carpentier Alting Stichting (CAS) tijdens een feest TMnr 60027529.jpg|jmpl|Siswa ''Carpentier Alting Stichting'' (CAS)]]\nSebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 [[Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching]] (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di [[Hindia]] [[Belanda]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }} Hingga pada tahun 1955, pemerintah Indonesia melarang segala aktivitas komunitas Belanda yang berakibat pengalihan gedung menjadi milik [[Yayasan Raden Saleh]] meskipun masih di bawah gerakan Belanda yang bernama [[Vijmetselaren Lorge]]. Tetapi, pemberhentian total baru dilakukan pada tahun 1962 atas perintah tertinggi presiden [[Sukarno]] sehingga Yayasan [[Raden Saleh]] dibubarkan dan segala peralatan diserahkan ke Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}\n\nDari sini lah cikal bakal galeri bertaraf nasional dirintis dengan nama awal [[Wisma Seni Nasional]] / Pusat Pembangunan Kebudayaan Nasional. Prof. Dr. [[Fuad Hasan]] sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987. Perjuangan pengembangan dan perubahan nama menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia baru diperjuangkan oleh Prof. [[Edi Sedyawati]] sejak tahun 1995 yang pada akhirnya memperoleh penyetujuan oleh Menko Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara pada tahun 1998. Pada masa pengurusannya, Galeri Nasional sempat diurus oleh [[Menteri kebudayaan dan pariwisata|Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata]] lalu berpindah ke Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.\n\n== Aktivitas ==\nAktivitas yang dimiliki gedung Galeri Nasional Indonesia beragam mulai dari pameran, preservasi, seminar keilmuan, diskusi ilmiah, pemutaran film, penampilan kesenian, festival, perlombaan dan lain sebagainya dengan tujuan pendidikan dan perkenal budaya pada masyarakat luas. Selain itu, Galeri Nasional Indonesia juga mengoleksi kurang lebih 1700 karya dari para tokoh di Indonesia mulai dari [[lukisan]], [[fotografi]], [[patung]] dan [[pahatan]]. Terdapat juga karya-karya dari para tokoh seniman negara nonblok seperti [[Sudan]], [[India]], [[Peru]], [[Kuba]], [[Vietnam]], [[Myanmar]] dan lainnya.\n\n== Pengembangan ==\nPengembangan infrastruktur fisik maupun maya telah dilakukan Galeri Nasional Indonesia dengan langkah membuat kompetisi desain bangunan baru yang bekerjasama dengan [[Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia | title = Sayembara Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43 | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2016-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310130009/http://sayembara-iai.org/?id=43&scr=06.02 | dead-url = no }} Selain itu, ''website'' utamanya juga telah direnovasi ulang dengan pengembangan di sisi data dan informasi seperti daftar koleksi seni, fasilitas, agenda acara, dan pengaturan dwibahasa untuk pengguna non bahasa Indonesia.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = DuniaOnline.com | title = Launching Website Galeri Nasional Indonesia Versi Baru | url = http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503065106/http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | dead-url = yes }}\n\n== Galeri ==\n
\nBerkas:National Gallery of Indonesia.JPG|Galeri Nasional Indonesia\n
\n\n== Rujukan ==\n\n\n{{Commonscat|National Gallery of Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Museum di Jakarta]]\n[[Kategori:Tempat wisata di Jakarta]]","hash":"f2d303f3612562cf20bde449e93610fd6efb9f68f40bfe32bcf05ef7ef749274","last_revision":"2023-08-01T03:56:53Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T01:26:40Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.184655","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المعرض الوطني الإندونيسي","en":"National Gallery of Indonesia","es":"Galería Nacional de Indonesia","ru":"Национальная галерея Индонезии","ta":"இந்தோனேசிய தேசிய காட்சிக்கூடம், ஜகார்த்தா","uk":"Національна галерея Індонезії"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Galeri Nasional Indonesia (bahasa Inggris: National Gallery of Indonesia) adalah sebuah lembaga budaya negara atau sebagai museum seni rupa modern dan kontemporer. Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara. Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa. Lalu fungsi utamanya adalah melindungi, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan asset kesenian (seni rupa) sebagai fasilitas pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Galeri Nasional beralamat di Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 14 Jakarta Pusat.\n\nSebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di Hindia Belanda. Hingga pada tahun 1955, pemerintah Indonesia melarang segala aktivitas komunitas Belanda yang berakibat pengalihan gedung menjadi milik Yayasan Raden Saleh meskipun masih di bawah gerakan Belanda yang bernama Vijmetselaren Lorge. Tetapi, pemberhentian total baru dilakukan pada tahun 1962 atas perintah tertinggi presiden Sukarno sehingga Yayasan Raden Saleh dibubarkan dan segala peralatan diserahkan ke Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.\n\nDari sini lah cikal bakal galeri bertaraf nasional dirintis dengan nama awal Wisma Seni Nasional / Pusat Pembangunan Kebudayaan Nasional. Prof. Dr. Fuad Hasan sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987. Perjuangan pengembangan dan perubahan nama menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia baru diperjuangkan oleh Prof. Edi Sedyawati sejak tahun 1995 yang pada akhirnya memperoleh penyetujuan oleh Menko Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara pada tahun 1998. Pada masa pengurusannya, Galeri Nasional sempat diurus oleh Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata lalu berpindah ke Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.\n\nAktivitas yang dimiliki gedung Galeri Nasional Indonesia beragam mulai dari pameran, preservasi, seminar keilmuan, diskusi ilmiah, pemutaran film, penampilan kesenian, festival, perlombaan dan lain sebagainya dengan tujuan pendidikan dan perkenal budaya pada masyarakat luas. Selain itu, Galeri Nasional Indonesia juga mengoleksi kurang lebih 1700 karya dari para tokoh di Indonesia mulai dari lukisan, fotografi, patung dan pahatan. Terdapat juga karya-karya dari para tokoh seniman negara nonblok seperti Sudan, India, Peru, Kuba, Vietnam, Myanmar dan lainnya.\n\nPengembangan infrastruktur fisik maupun maya telah dilakukan Galeri Nasional Indonesia dengan langkah membuat kompetisi desain bangunan baru yang bekerjasama dengan Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia. Selain itu, website utamanya juga telah direnovasi ulang dengan pengembangan di sisi data dan informasi seperti daftar koleksi seni, fasilitas, agenda acara, dan pengaturan dwibahasa untuk pengguna non bahasa Indonesia.\n\nKategori:Museum di Jakarta Kategori:Tempat wisata di Jakarta\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Galeri Nasional Indonesia (bahasa Inggris: National Gallery of Indonesia) adalah sebuah lembaga budaya negara atau sebagai museum seni rupa modern dan kontemporer.","translated_text":"The National Gallery of Indonesia (English: National Gallery of Indonesia) is a state cultural institution or as a museum of modern and contemporary fine art.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara.","translated_text":"There are buildings here that serve as exhibition venues, as well as exhibitions of Indonesian and foreign fine art.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":126,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"The building is a government owned institution under the Ministry of Education and Culture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":91,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":91,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa.","translated_text":"The function of the National Gallery of Indonesia is to carry out the study, collection, registration, care, maintenance, exhibitions, partnerships, educational services and publications of fine arts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":179,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu fungsi utamanya adalah melindungi, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan asset kesenian (seni rupa) sebagai fasilitas pendidikan dan kebudayaan.","translated_text":"Its primary function is to protect, develop, and utilize artistic assets as educational and cultural facilities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":141,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Galeri Nasional beralamat di Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 14 Jakarta Pusat.","translated_text":"The National Gallery is located at Merdeka East Field Road No. 14 Jakarta Central.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":76,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":76,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di Hindia Belanda.","translated_text":"Before officially becoming the National Gallery of Indonesia, in 1900 the Carpentier Alting Stitching Christian Foundation (CAS) built a school and dormitory dedicated to women that was the first school in the Dutch East Indies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":223,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":223,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga pada tahun 1955, pemerintah Indonesia melarang segala aktivitas komunitas Belanda yang berakibat pengalihan gedung menjadi milik Yayasan Raden Saleh meskipun masih di bawah gerakan Belanda yang bernama Vijmetselaren Lorge.","translated_text":"Until 1955, the Indonesian government banned all activities of the Dutch community that resulted in the transfer of the building to the Raden Saleh Foundation even though it was still under a Dutch movement called Vijmetselaren Lorge.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":229,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tetapi, pemberhentian total baru dilakukan pada tahun 1962 atas perintah tertinggi presiden Sukarno sehingga Yayasan Raden Saleh dibubarkan dan segala peralatan diserahkan ke Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"However, a new total halt was made in 1962 on the supreme order of president Sukarno so that the Raden Saleh Foundation was dissolved and all equipment was handed over to the Ministry of Education and Culture.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":209,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":209,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dari sini lah cikal bakal galeri bertaraf nasional dirintis dengan nama awal Wisma Seni Nasional / Pusat Pembangunan Kebudayaan Nasional.","translated_text":"From here it is the first national-level gallery to be pioneered under the original name of National Arts Wisma / National Cultural Development Centre.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":137,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Prof","translated_text":"Prof.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". Dr","translated_text":"The doctor.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":". Fuad Hasan sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987.","translated_text":"Fuad Hasan as the head of the Ministry of Education and Culture redesigned the building as the Depdikbud Fine Arts Exhibition Building in 1987.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":153,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perjuangan pengembangan dan perubahan nama menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia baru diperjuangkan oleh Prof. Edi Sedyawati sejak tahun 1995 yang pada akhirnya memperoleh penyetujuan oleh Menko Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara pada tahun 1998.","translated_text":"The struggle to develop and change the name to the new National Gallery of Indonesia was fought by Prof. Edi Sedyawati since 1995 which eventually gained approval by the Menko Supervision of State Apparatus Development and Utilization in 1998.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":264,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada masa pengurusannya, Galeri Nasional sempat diurus oleh Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata lalu berpindah ke Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"During his tenure, the National Gallery was managed by the Minister of Culture and Tourism and then transferred to the Ministry of Education and Culture.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":150,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":150,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:54.389446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia | title = Sayembara Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43 | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2016-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310130009/http://sayembara-iai.org/?id=43&scr=06.02 | dead-url = no }}","char_index":190,"name":"f","url":"http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:54.389446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, website utamanya juga telah direnovasi ulang dengan pengembangan di sisi data dan informasi seperti daftar koleksi seni, fasilitas, agenda acara, dan pengaturan dwibahasa untuk pengguna non bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"In addition, its main website has also been refurbished with developments in the data and information side such as lists of art collections, facilities, event schedules, and bilingual settings for non-Indonesian users.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = DuniaOnline.com | title = Launching Website Galeri Nasional Indonesia Versi Baru | url = http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503065106/http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":219,"name":"g","url":"http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174728,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:56.249649-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.318603515625},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = DuniaOnline.com | title = Launching Website Galeri Nasional Indonesia Versi Baru | url = http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503065106/http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":219,"name":"g","url":"http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174728,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:56.249649-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.318603515625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Galeri","translated_text":"Gallery","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Museum di Jakarta Kategori:Tempat wisata di Jakarta","translated_text":":Museums in Jakarta Category:Tourist places in Jakarta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Galeri Nasional Indonesia (bahasa Inggris: National Gallery of Indonesia) adalah sebuah lembaga budaya negara atau sebagai museum seni rupa modern dan kontemporer. Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara.","translated_text":"The National Gallery of Indonesia (English: National Gallery of Indonesia) is a state cultural institution or as a museum of modern and contemporary fine art. There are buildings here that serve as exhibition venues, as well as exhibitions of Indonesian and foreign fine art.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":290,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Galeri Nasional Indonesia (bahasa Inggris: National Gallery of Indonesia) adalah sebuah lembaga budaya negara atau sebagai museum seni rupa modern dan kontemporer. Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara. Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"The National Gallery of Indonesia (English: National Gallery of Indonesia) is a state cultural institution or as a museum of modern and contemporary fine art. There are buildings here that serve as exhibition venues, as well as exhibitions of Indonesian and foreign fine art. The building is a government owned institution under the Ministry of Education and Culture.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":382,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":382,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}]},{"text":"Di sini terdapat gedung yang berfungsi antara lain sebagai tempat pameran, dan perhelatan seni rupa Indonesia dan mancanegara. Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa.","translated_text":"There are buildings here that serve as exhibition venues, as well as exhibitions of Indonesian and foreign fine art. The building is a government owned institution under the Ministry of Education and Culture. The function of the National Gallery of Indonesia is to carry out the study, collection, registration, care, maintenance, exhibitions, partnerships, educational services and publications of fine arts.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":398,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}]},{"text":"Gedung ini merupakan institusi milik pemerintah di bawah Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa. Lalu fungsi utamanya adalah melindungi, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan asset kesenian (seni rupa) sebagai fasilitas pendidikan dan kebudayaan.","translated_text":"The building is a government owned institution under the Ministry of Education and Culture. The function of the National Gallery of Indonesia is to carry out the study, collection, registration, care, maintenance, exhibitions, partnerships, educational services and publications of fine arts. Its primary function is to protect, develop, and utilize artistic assets as educational and cultural facilities.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":413,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}]},{"text":"Fungsi Galeri Nasional Indonesia adalah melaksanakan pengkajian, pengumpulan, registrasi, perawatan, pengamanan, pameran, kemitraan, layanan edukasi dan publikasi karya seni rupa. Lalu fungsi utamanya adalah melindungi, pengembangan, dan pemanfaatan asset kesenian (seni rupa) sebagai fasilitas pendidikan dan kebudayaan. Galeri Nasional beralamat di Jalan Medan Merdeka Timur No. 14 Jakarta Pusat.","translated_text":"The function of the National Gallery of Indonesia is to carry out the study, collection, registration, care, maintenance, exhibitions, partnerships, educational services and publications of fine arts. Its primary function is to protect, develop, and utilize artistic assets as educational and cultural facilities. The National Gallery is located at Merdeka East Field Road No. 14 Jakarta Central.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":398,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":398,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di Hindia Belanda.","translated_text":"Before officially becoming the National Gallery of Indonesia, in 1900 the Carpentier Alting Stitching Christian Foundation (CAS) built a school and dormitory dedicated to women that was the first school in the Dutch East Indies.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":223,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":223,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di Hindia Belanda. Hingga pada tahun 1955, pemerintah Indonesia melarang segala aktivitas komunitas Belanda yang berakibat pengalihan gedung menjadi milik Yayasan Raden Saleh meskipun masih di bawah gerakan Belanda yang bernama Vijmetselaren Lorge.","translated_text":"Before officially becoming the National Gallery of Indonesia, in 1900 the Carpentier Alting Stitching Christian Foundation (CAS) built a school and dormitory dedicated to women that was the first school in the Dutch East Indies. Until 1955, the Indonesian government banned all activities of the Dutch community that resulted in the transfer of the building to the Raden Saleh Foundation even though it was still under a Dutch movement called Vijmetselaren Lorge.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":453,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum resmi menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia, pada tahun 1900 Yayasan Kristen Carpentier Alting Stitching (CAS) membangun sebuah sekolah beserta asrama khusus bagi wanita yang merupakan sekolah pertama di Hindia Belanda. Hingga pada tahun 1955, pemerintah Indonesia melarang segala aktivitas komunitas Belanda yang berakibat pengalihan gedung menjadi milik Yayasan Raden Saleh meskipun masih di bawah gerakan Belanda yang bernama Vijmetselaren Lorge. Tetapi, pemberhentian total baru dilakukan pada tahun 1962 atas perintah tertinggi presiden Sukarno sehingga Yayasan Raden Saleh dibubarkan dan segala peralatan diserahkan ke Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"Before officially becoming the National Gallery of Indonesia, in 1900 the Carpentier Alting Stitching Christian Foundation (CAS) built a school and dormitory dedicated to women that was the first school in the Dutch East Indies. Until 1955, the Indonesian government banned all activities of the Dutch community that resulted in the transfer of the building to the Raden Saleh Foundation even though it was still under a Dutch movement called Vijmetselaren Lorge. However, a new total halt was made in 1962 on the supreme order of president Sukarno so that the Raden Saleh Foundation was dissolved and all equipment was handed over to the Ministry of Education and Culture.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":663,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":663,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dari sini lah cikal bakal galeri bertaraf nasional dirintis dengan nama awal Wisma Seni Nasional / Pusat Pembangunan Kebudayaan Nasional.","translated_text":"From here it is the first national-level gallery to be pioneered under the original name of National Arts Wisma / National Cultural Development Centre.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":137,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Prof . Dr . Fuad Hasan sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987.","translated_text":"Prof. The doctor. Fuad Hasan as the head of the Ministry of Education and Culture redesigned the building as the Depdikbud Fine Arts Exhibition Building in 1987.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":163,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":". Dr . Fuad Hasan sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987. Perjuangan pengembangan dan perubahan nama menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia baru diperjuangkan oleh Prof. Edi Sedyawati sejak tahun 1995 yang pada akhirnya memperoleh penyetujuan oleh Menko Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara pada tahun 1998.","translated_text":"The doctor. Fuad Hasan as the head of the Ministry of Education and Culture redesigned the building as the Depdikbud Fine Arts Exhibition Building in 1987. The struggle to develop and change the name to the new National Gallery of Indonesia was fought by Prof. Edi Sedyawati since 1995 which eventually gained approval by the Menko Supervision of State Apparatus Development and Utilization in 1998.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":423,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":". Fuad Hasan sebagai kepala Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan merancang ulang gedung tersebut menjadi Gedung Pameran Seni Rupa Depdikbud pada tahun 1987. Perjuangan pengembangan dan perubahan nama menjadi Galeri Nasional Indonesia baru diperjuangkan oleh Prof. Edi Sedyawati sejak tahun 1995 yang pada akhirnya memperoleh penyetujuan oleh Menko Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara pada tahun 1998. Pada masa pengurusannya, Galeri Nasional sempat diurus oleh Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata lalu berpindah ke Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.","translated_text":"Fuad Hasan as the head of the Ministry of Education and Culture redesigned the building as the Depdikbud Fine Arts Exhibition Building in 1987. The struggle to develop and change the name to the new National Gallery of Indonesia was fought by Prof. Edi Sedyawati since 1995 which eventually gained approval by the Menko Supervision of State Apparatus Development and Utilization in 1998. During his tenure, the National Gallery was managed by the Minister of Culture and Tourism and then transferred to the Ministry of Education and Culture.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Profil Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072832/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile | dead-url = no }}","char_index":569,"name":"b","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/039-profile","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.233105-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":569,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas yang dimiliki gedung Galeri Nasional Indonesia beragam mulai dari pameran, preservasi, seminar keilmuan, diskusi ilmiah, pemutaran film, penampilan kesenian, festival, perlombaan dan lain sebagainya dengan tujuan pendidikan dan perkenal budaya pada masyarakat luas.","translated_text":"The activities of the National Gallery of Indonesia range from exhibitions, preservation, scientific seminars, scientific discussions, film screenings, art performances, festivals, races etc. with the purpose of education and cultural introduction to the general public.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | title = Sejarah Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2020-08-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200809072856/http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history | dead-url = no }}","char_index":275,"name":"c","url":"http://galeri-nasional.or.id/halaman/715-history","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:51.449823-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas yang dimiliki gedung Galeri Nasional Indonesia beragam mulai dari pameran, preservasi, seminar keilmuan, diskusi ilmiah, pemutaran film, penampilan kesenian, festival, perlombaan dan lain sebagainya dengan tujuan pendidikan dan perkenal budaya pada masyarakat luas. Selain itu, Galeri Nasional Indonesia juga mengoleksi kurang lebih 1700 karya dari para tokoh di Indonesia mulai dari lukisan, fotografi, patung dan pahatan.","translated_text":"The activities of the National Gallery of Indonesia range from exhibitions, preservation, scientific seminars, scientific discussions, film screenings, art performances, festivals, races etc. with the purpose of education and cultural introduction to the general public. In addition, the National Gallery of Indonesia also collects about 1700 works by figures in Indonesia ranging from painting, photography, sculpture and sculpture.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Jakarta.go.id | title = Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503081047/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":433,"name":"d","url":"http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/632/Galeri-Nasional-Indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":162,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:52.033663-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Aktivitas yang dimiliki gedung Galeri Nasional Indonesia beragam mulai dari pameran, preservasi, seminar keilmuan, diskusi ilmiah, pemutaran film, penampilan kesenian, festival, perlombaan dan lain sebagainya dengan tujuan pendidikan dan perkenal budaya pada masyarakat luas. Selain itu, Galeri Nasional Indonesia juga mengoleksi kurang lebih 1700 karya dari para tokoh di Indonesia mulai dari lukisan, fotografi, patung dan pahatan. Terdapat juga karya-karya dari para tokoh seniman negara nonblok seperti Sudan, India, Peru, Kuba, Vietnam, Myanmar dan lainnya.","translated_text":"The activities of the National Gallery of Indonesia range from exhibitions, preservation, scientific seminars, scientific discussions, film screenings, art performances, festivals, races etc. with the purpose of education and cultural introduction to the general public. In addition, the National Gallery of Indonesia also collects about 1700 works by figures in Indonesia ranging from painting, photography, sculpture and sculpture. There are also works by non-block country artists such as Sudan, India, Peru, Cuba, Vietnam, Myanmar and others.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Culture 360 | title = National Gallery of Indonesia (Galeri Nasional Indonesia) | url = http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2017-08-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170823074717/http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/#sthash.lTwHwWQd.dpuf | dead-url = no }}","char_index":562,"name":"a","url":"http://culture360.asef.org/organisation/national-gallery-of-indonesia-galeri-nasional-indonesia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":25363,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:46.258321-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.84326171875}]},{"text":"Pengembangan infrastruktur fisik maupun maya telah dilakukan Galeri Nasional Indonesia dengan langkah membuat kompetisi desain bangunan baru yang bekerjasama dengan Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia.","translated_text":"The development of physical and virtual infrastructure has been undertaken by the National Gallery of Indonesia with the initiative of creating a new building design competition in collaboration with the Association of Indonesian Architects.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia | title = Sayembara Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43 | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2016-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310130009/http://sayembara-iai.org/?id=43&scr=06.02 | dead-url = no }}","char_index":190,"name":"f","url":"http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:54.389446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia | title = Sayembara Galeri Nasional Indonesia | url = http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43 | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2016-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160310130009/http://sayembara-iai.org/?id=43&scr=06.02 | dead-url = no }}","char_index":190,"name":"f","url":"http://sayembara-iai.org/?scr=06.02&ID=43","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":43220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:54.389446-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (37 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengembangan infrastruktur fisik maupun maya telah dilakukan Galeri Nasional Indonesia dengan langkah membuat kompetisi desain bangunan baru yang bekerjasama dengan Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia. Selain itu, website utamanya juga telah direnovasi ulang dengan pengembangan di sisi data dan informasi seperti daftar koleksi seni, fasilitas, agenda acara, dan pengaturan dwibahasa untuk pengguna non bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"The development of physical and virtual infrastructure has been undertaken by the National Gallery of Indonesia with the initiative of creating a new building design competition in collaboration with the Association of Indonesian Architects. In addition, its main website has also been refurbished with developments in the data and information side such as lists of art collections, facilities, event schedules, and bilingual settings for non-Indonesian users.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = DuniaOnline.com | title = Launching Website Galeri Nasional Indonesia Versi Baru | url = http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503065106/http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":410,"name":"g","url":"http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174728,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:56.249649-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.318603515625},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = DuniaOnline.com | title = Launching Website Galeri Nasional Indonesia Versi Baru | url = http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-date = 2014-05-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140503065106/http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru | dead-url = yes }}","char_index":410,"name":"g","url":"http://www.dunia-online.net/article/launching__website_galeri_nasional_indonesia_versi_baru","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":174728,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:56.249649-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.318603515625}]}]} +{"title":"SMK Telkom Sandhy Putra Medan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[SMK Telkom Medan]]","hash":"3e484770d1eb969ea9f37cfe6643f36466074c0f46a3521523914b8485142d94","last_revision":"2014-04-28T02:21:34Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:21:34Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.240732","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH SMK Telkom Medan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH SMK Telkom Medan","translated_text":"I'm in the middle of school.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Gong Si Bolong","wikicode":"'''Gong Si Bolong''' merupakan kesenian [[gamelan]] yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran [[Depok]], yaitu di kalangan warga [[Tanah Baru, Beji, Depok|Tanah Baru]], [[Depok]].Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri. Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari [[Tayub]], yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana [[panen]] dengan gerakan bernuansa [[silat]].{{Cite web|url=http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong|title=Budaya Gong Si Bolong|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514034159/http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong/|dead-url=no}} Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang). Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong. Permainan [[gamelan]] ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan [[gamelan]] asli [[Bali]], dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya. Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah [[Tanah Baru]], [[Depok]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}} Tugu itu terletak di sebuah persimpangan jalan, sehingga tugu itu dijadikan patokan untuk menunjukan wilayah [[Tanah Baru]]. Tugu tersebut merupakan Tugu Gong Si Bolong, karena di atas tugu itu terdapat replika Gong Si Bolong.\n\n== Penemuan Gong Si Bolong ==\nAdapun seorang menemukan Gong si Bolong pada tahun 1549, saat Kelurahan [[Tanah Baru]] masih berbatasan langsung dengan Kelurahan [[Ciganjur]], [[Jakarta Selatan]].{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}} Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai [[Krukut]], [[Tanah Baru]] [[Depok]]. Secara geografis, [[Tanah Baru]] saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa. Saat itu hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah hutan, rawa, lahan pertanian, serta kolam-kolam ikan. Akan tetapi, untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya masyarakat mengandalkan lahan pertanian. Lama kelamaan, seiring berjalannya waktu hutan mulai dibuka menjadi lahan pertanian. Sawah tadah hujan, perkebunan dan kolam-kolam perikanan mulai membelah wilayah itu. Pak Jimin, mendengar adanya suara yang nyaring dan indah itu berasal dari sungai [[Krukut]], sehingga ia mengajak tetangganya untuk menelusuri suara itu. Akhirnya, mereka menemukan seperangkat alat musik [[gamelan]] dan yang mencolok adalah Gong Si Bolong, karena ukurannya yang besar dan tampak bolong. Gong Si Bolong menjadi seperangkat gamelan yang bisa dimainkan ketika berada di tangan Bapak Tua Galung (Pak Jerah).{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}} Pak jerah melengkapinya dengan satu set gendang, dua set saron, satu set kromong, satu set kedemung, satu set kenong, terompet, bende serta gong besar.\n\n== Gong Si Bolong Masa Kini ==\nGong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu [[Sanggar]] kesenian di wilayah [[Tanah Baru]], [[Depok]]. Derasnya arus [[Globalisasi]] membuat keberadaan Gong Si Bolong tertutup, karena tidak sebagian besar masyarakat [[Depok]] kini ingin membangkitkan keberadaannya. Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Terompet, Keromong, serta Saron. Para pemainnya berjumlah 12 anggota yang masing-masingnya memainkan alat-alat musik tersebut. Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat [[Kota Depok]]. Undangan pentas kepada Sanggar sudah semakin kurang, bagi pengelola Sanggar itu hal ini dikarenakan generasi penerus kurang peka terhadap keberadaan Gong Si Bolong. Kelompok kesenian ini juga pernah memenangkan juara 1 dalam pagelaran kesenian [[Jawa Barat]] ''Travel Exchange'' pada tahun 2008.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kota Depok]]\n[[Kategori:Seni di Indonesia]]","hash":"551ef63206e10b4ff9d609c76f6ee0b6cc2e9295bfc6a50ea36d6fce86e7eb67","last_revision":"2023-08-07T12:48:50Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:23:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.298608","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Gong Si Bolong"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Gong Si Bolong merupakan kesenian gamelan yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran Depok, yaitu di kalangan warga Tanah Baru, Depok. Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari Tayub, yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana panen dengan gerakan bernuansa silat. Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang). Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong. Permainan gamelan ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan gamelan asli Bali, dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya. Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah Tanah Baru, Depok. Tugu itu terletak di sebuah persimpangan jalan, sehingga tugu itu dijadikan patokan untuk menunjukan wilayah Tanah Baru. Tugu tersebut merupakan Tugu Gong Si Bolong, karena di atas tugu itu terdapat replika Gong Si Bolong.\n\nAdapun seorang menemukan Gong si Bolong pada tahun 1549, saat Kelurahan Tanah Baru masih berbatasan langsung dengan Kelurahan Ciganjur, Jakarta Selatan. Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai Krukut, Tanah Baru Depok. Secara geografis, Tanah Baru saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa. Saat itu hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah hutan, rawa, lahan pertanian, serta kolam-kolam ikan. Akan tetapi, untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya masyarakat mengandalkan lahan pertanian. Lama kelamaan, seiring berjalannya waktu hutan mulai dibuka menjadi lahan pertanian. Sawah tadah hujan, perkebunan dan kolam-kolam perikanan mulai membelah wilayah itu. Pak Jimin, mendengar adanya suara yang nyaring dan indah itu berasal dari sungai Krukut, sehingga ia mengajak tetangganya untuk menelusuri suara itu. Akhirnya, mereka menemukan seperangkat alat musik gamelan dan yang mencolok adalah Gong Si Bolong, karena ukurannya yang besar dan tampak bolong. Gong Si Bolong menjadi seperangkat gamelan yang bisa dimainkan ketika berada di tangan Bapak Tua Galung (Pak Jerah). Pak jerah melengkapinya dengan satu set gendang, dua set saron, satu set kromong, satu set kedemung, satu set kenong, terompet, bende serta gong besar.\n\nGong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu Sanggar kesenian di wilayah Tanah Baru, Depok. Derasnya arus Globalisasi membuat keberadaan Gong Si Bolong tertutup, karena tidak sebagian besar masyarakat Depok kini ingin membangkitkan keberadaannya. Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Terompet, Keromong, serta Saron. Para pemainnya berjumlah 12 anggota yang masing-masingnya memainkan alat-alat musik tersebut. Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Depok. Undangan pentas kepada Sanggar sudah semakin kurang, bagi pengelola Sanggar itu hal ini dikarenakan generasi penerus kurang peka terhadap keberadaan Gong Si Bolong. Kelompok kesenian ini juga pernah memenangkan juara 1 dalam pagelaran kesenian Jawa Barat Travel Exchange pada tahun 2008.\n\nKategori:Kota Depok Kategori:Seni di Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gong Si Bolong merupakan kesenian gamelan yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran Depok, yaitu di kalangan warga Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is a gamelan art that emerged among some people on the outskirts of Depok, namely among the inhabitants of Newfoundland, Depok.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":141,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari Tayub, yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana panen dengan gerakan bernuansa silat.","translated_text":"The art of Gong si bolong is also a blend of the art of music and Tayub dance, a dance that tells of the harvest atmosphere with silky movements.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong|title=Budaya Gong Si Bolong|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514034159/http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":163,"name":"Depoknews","url":"http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.197366-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong|title=Budaya Gong Si Bolong|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514034159/http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":163,"name":"Depoknews","url":"http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.197366-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang).","translated_text":"According to legend, Gong Si Bolong's name was derived from the fact that his artistic and musical instruments were so old that they were later damaged, especially his large, hollow gongs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":190,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong.","translated_text":"The old gong itself could no longer be used, so the object was bequeathed by its owner and named this artwork Gong Si Bolong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":153,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Permainan gamelan ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan gamelan asli Bali, dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya.","translated_text":"The game itself still bears similarities to the original Balinese gamelan gameplay style, with fast and harsh punches on its percussion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":148,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"Most residents of Depok know of a monument located in the area of Newfoundland, Depok.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok 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Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":90,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tugu itu terletak di sebuah persimpangan jalan, sehingga tugu itu dijadikan patokan untuk menunjukan wilayah Tanah Baru.","translated_text":"The statue was located at a crossroads, so the statue served as a marker for the New Land area.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite 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Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":152,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai Krukut, Tanah Baru Depok.","translated_text":"A resident named Jimin was a father who lived near the Krukut river, New Depok Land.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":111,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara geografis, Tanah Baru saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa.","translated_text":"Geographically, the New Land at that time was still full of small forests and marshes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. 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Kini","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong of the Present","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu Sanggar kesenian di wilayah Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is now best known within an art sanctuary in the New Land region, Depok.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai 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to revive it.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":154,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, 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Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":93,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Depok.","translated_text":"But now, the art of Gong si Bolong is starting to be less appreciated by the people of Depok City.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":95,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Undangan pentas kepada Sanggar sudah semakin kurang, bagi pengelola Sanggar itu hal ini dikarenakan generasi penerus kurang peka terhadap keberadaan Gong Si Bolong.","translated_text":"The stage invitation to Sanggar has been diminishing, for Sanggar's managers this is due to a generation of successors less sensitive to the existence of Gong Si Bolong.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":164,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kelompok kesenian ini juga pernah memenangkan juara 1 dalam pagelaran kesenian Jawa Barat Travel Exchange pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"The art group also won 1st place in the West Java Travel Exchange art performance in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":122,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Kota Depok Kategori:Seni di Indonesia","translated_text":":City of Depok Category:Art in Indonesia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gong Si Bolong merupakan kesenian gamelan yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran Depok, yaitu di kalangan warga Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is a gamelan art that emerged among some people on the outskirts of Depok, namely among the inhabitants of Newfoundland, Depok.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":141,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong Si Bolong merupakan kesenian gamelan yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran Depok, yaitu di kalangan warga Tanah Baru, Depok. Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari Tayub, yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana panen dengan gerakan bernuansa silat.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is a gamelan art that emerged among some people on the outskirts of Depok, namely among the inhabitants of Newfoundland, Depok. The art of Gong si bolong is also a blend of the art of music and Tayub dance, a dance that tells of the harvest atmosphere with silky movements.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong|title=Budaya Gong Si Bolong|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514034159/http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":305,"name":"Depoknews","url":"http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.197366-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong|title=Budaya Gong Si Bolong|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514034159/http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong/|dead-url=no}}","char_index":305,"name":"Depoknews","url":"http://depoknews.com/anggota-dewan-depok-apresiasi-seni-budaya-gong-si-bolong","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":196,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.197366-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (11 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong Si Bolong merupakan kesenian gamelan yang muncul di antara sebagian orang di pinggiran Depok, yaitu di kalangan warga Tanah Baru, Depok. Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari Tayub, yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana panen dengan gerakan bernuansa silat. Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang).","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is a gamelan art that emerged among some people on the outskirts of Depok, namely among the inhabitants of Newfoundland, Depok. The art of Gong si bolong is also a blend of the art of music and Tayub dance, a dance that tells of the harvest atmosphere with silky movements. According to legend, Gong Si Bolong's name was derived from the fact that his artistic and musical instruments were so old that they were later damaged, especially his large, hollow gongs.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":496,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kesenian Gong si bolong juga merupakan paduan antara seni musik dan tari Tayub, yakni sebuah tarian yang menceritakan suasana panen dengan gerakan bernuansa silat. Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang). Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong.","translated_text":"The art of Gong si bolong is also a blend of the art of music and Tayub dance, a dance that tells of the harvest atmosphere with silky movements. According to legend, Gong Si Bolong's name was derived from the fact that his artistic and musical instruments were so old that they were later damaged, especially his large, hollow gongs. The old gong itself could no longer be used, so the object was bequeathed by its owner and named this artwork Gong Si Bolong.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":508,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Konon, nama Gong Si Bolong ini dikarenakan sedemikian tuanya kesenian dan perangkat musiknya sehingga kemudian mengalami kerusakan, terutama pada gong besarnya yang sudah bolong (berlubang). Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong. Permainan gamelan ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan gamelan asli Bali, dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya.","translated_text":"According to legend, Gong Si Bolong's name was derived from the fact that his artistic and musical instruments were so old that they were later damaged, especially his large, hollow gongs. The old gong itself could no longer be used, so the object was bequeathed by its owner and named this artwork Gong Si Bolong. The game itself still bears similarities to the original Balinese gamelan gameplay style, with fast and harsh punches on its percussion.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":493,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong yang telah tua itu sendiri tidak bisa digunakan lagi, sehingga benda itu dijadikan pusaka oleh pemiliknya dan menamakan kesenian ini Gong Si Bolong. Permainan gamelan ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan gamelan asli Bali, dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya. Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"The old gong itself could no longer be used, so the object was bequeathed by its owner and named this artwork Gong Si Bolong. The game itself still bears similarities to the original Balinese gamelan gameplay style, with fast and harsh punches on its percussion. Most residents of Depok know of a monument located in the area of Newfoundland, Depok.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":393,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":393,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Permainan gamelan ini sendiri masih memiliki kemiripan dengan gaya permainan gamelan asli Bali, dengan ciri entakan cepat dan keras pada perkusinya. Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah Tanah Baru, Depok. Tugu itu terletak di sebuah persimpangan jalan, sehingga tugu itu dijadikan patokan untuk menunjukan wilayah Tanah Baru.","translated_text":"The game itself still bears similarities to the original Balinese gamelan gameplay style, with fast and harsh punches on its percussion. Most residents of Depok know of a monument located in the area of Newfoundland, Depok. The statue was located at a crossroads, so the statue served as a marker for the New Land area.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":360,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebagian besar warga Depok mengetahui sebuah tugu yang berada di daerah Tanah Baru, Depok. Tugu itu terletak di sebuah persimpangan jalan, sehingga tugu itu dijadikan patokan untuk menunjukan wilayah Tanah Baru. Tugu tersebut merupakan Tugu Gong Si Bolong, karena di atas tugu itu terdapat replika Gong Si Bolong.","translated_text":"Most residents of Depok know of a monument located in the area of Newfoundland, Depok. The statue was located at a crossroads, so the statue served as a marker for the New Land area. The statue is a Gong Si Bolong statue, because above the statue there is a replica of Gong Si Bolong.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":313,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adapun seorang menemukan Gong si Bolong pada tahun 1549, saat Kelurahan Tanah Baru masih berbatasan langsung dengan Kelurahan Ciganjur, Jakarta Selatan.","translated_text":"One discovered Gong si Bolong in 1549, when Newfoundland was still directly bordered by Ciganjur, South Jakarta.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":152,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":152,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adapun seorang menemukan Gong si Bolong pada tahun 1549, saat Kelurahan Tanah Baru masih berbatasan langsung dengan Kelurahan Ciganjur, Jakarta Selatan. Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai Krukut, Tanah Baru Depok.","translated_text":"One discovered Gong si Bolong in 1549, when Newfoundland was still directly bordered by Ciganjur, South Jakarta. A resident named Jimin was a father who lived near the Krukut river, New Depok Land.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":264,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adapun seorang menemukan Gong si Bolong pada tahun 1549, saat Kelurahan Tanah Baru masih berbatasan langsung dengan Kelurahan Ciganjur, Jakarta Selatan. Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai Krukut, Tanah Baru Depok. Secara geografis, Tanah Baru saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa.","translated_text":"One discovered Gong si Bolong in 1549, when Newfoundland was still directly bordered by Ciganjur, South Jakarta. A resident named Jimin was a father who lived near the Krukut river, New Depok Land. Geographically, the New Land at that time was still full of small forests and marshes.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":350,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seorang warga yang bernama Jimin itu ialah seorang Bapak yang tinggal di dekat sungai Krukut, Tanah Baru Depok. Secara geografis, Tanah Baru saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa. Saat itu hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah hutan, rawa, lahan pertanian, serta kolam-kolam ikan.","translated_text":"A resident named Jimin was a father who lived near the Krukut river, New Depok Land. Geographically, the New Land at that time was still full of small forests and marshes. At that time, only a few communities inhabited forests, marshes, farmland, and fish ponds.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":307,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara geografis, Tanah Baru saat itu masih dipenuhi hutan-hutan kecil dan rawa-rawa. Saat itu hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah hutan, rawa, lahan pertanian, serta kolam-kolam ikan. Akan tetapi, untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya masyarakat mengandalkan lahan pertanian.","translated_text":"Geographically, the New Land at that time was still full of small forests and marshes. At that time, only a few communities inhabited forests, marshes, farmland, and fish ponds. To sustain life, however, the people depend on agricultural land.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":285,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Saat itu hanya sedikit masyarakat yang mendiami wilayah hutan, rawa, lahan pertanian, serta kolam-kolam ikan. Akan tetapi, untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya masyarakat mengandalkan lahan pertanian. Lama kelamaan, seiring berjalannya waktu hutan mulai dibuka menjadi lahan pertanian.","translated_text":"At that time, only a few communities inhabited forests, marshes, farmland, and fish ponds. To sustain life, however, the people depend on agricultural land. Over time, over time the forest began to open up into farmland.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":284,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akan tetapi, untuk menjaga kelangsungan hidupnya masyarakat mengandalkan lahan pertanian. Lama kelamaan, seiring berjalannya waktu hutan mulai dibuka menjadi lahan pertanian. Sawah tadah hujan, perkebunan dan kolam-kolam perikanan mulai membelah wilayah itu.","translated_text":"To sustain life, however, the people depend on agricultural land. Over time, over time the forest began to open up into farmland. Rainy fields, plantations, and fishing ponds began to divide the area.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":258,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lama kelamaan, seiring berjalannya waktu hutan mulai dibuka menjadi lahan pertanian. Sawah tadah hujan, perkebunan dan kolam-kolam perikanan mulai membelah wilayah itu. Pak Jimin, mendengar adanya suara yang nyaring dan indah itu berasal dari sungai Krukut, sehingga ia mengajak tetangganya untuk menelusuri suara itu.","translated_text":"Over time, over time the forest began to open up into farmland. Rainy fields, plantations, and fishing ponds began to divide the area. Mr. Jimin, hearing the loud and beautiful sound coming from the Krukut River, asked his neighbors to search for it.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|url=http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|title=Gong si Bolong Ditemukan Misterius di Ciganjur|last=Virdhani|first=Marieska Harya|date=2010-02-11|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2022-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061745/https://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur|dead-url=no}}","char_index":318,"name":"Okezone","url":"http://news.okezone.com/read/2010/02/11/345/302757/gong-si-bolong-ditemukan-misterius-di-ciganjur","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:03.528196-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sawah tadah hujan, perkebunan dan kolam-kolam perikanan mulai membelah wilayah itu. Pak Jimin, mendengar adanya suara yang nyaring dan indah itu berasal dari sungai Krukut, sehingga ia mengajak tetangganya untuk menelusuri suara itu. Akhirnya, mereka menemukan seperangkat alat musik gamelan dan yang mencolok adalah Gong Si Bolong, karena ukurannya yang besar dan tampak bolong.","translated_text":"Rainy fields, plantations, and fishing ponds began to divide the area. Mr. Jimin, hearing the loud and beautiful sound coming from the Krukut River, asked his neighbors to search for it. Eventually, they discovered a gamelan musical instrument and the striking one was Gong Si Bolong, because of its large size and mesh appearance.","citations":[{"content":"Jonathans, Yano. 2011. Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri.","char_index":379,"name":"Jonathans","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pak Jimin, mendengar adanya suara yang nyaring dan indah itu berasal dari sungai Krukut, sehingga ia mengajak tetangganya untuk menelusuri suara itu. Akhirnya, mereka menemukan seperangkat alat musik gamelan dan yang mencolok adalah Gong Si Bolong, karena ukurannya yang besar dan tampak bolong. Gong Si Bolong menjadi seperangkat gamelan yang bisa dimainkan ketika berada di tangan Bapak Tua Galung (Pak Jerah).","translated_text":"Mr. Jimin, hearing the loud and beautiful sound coming from the Krukut River, asked his neighbors to search for it. Eventually, they discovered a gamelan musical instrument and the striking one was Gong Si Bolong, because of its large size and mesh appearance. Gong Si Bolong becomes a gamelan that can be played when in the hands of Old Master Galung.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":412,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":412,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Akhirnya, mereka menemukan seperangkat alat musik gamelan dan yang mencolok adalah Gong Si Bolong, karena ukurannya yang besar dan tampak bolong. Gong Si Bolong menjadi seperangkat gamelan yang bisa dimainkan ketika berada di tangan Bapak Tua Galung (Pak Jerah). Pak jerah melengkapinya dengan satu set gendang, dua set saron, satu set kromong, satu set kedemung, satu set kenong, terompet, bende serta gong besar.","translated_text":"Eventually, they discovered a gamelan musical instrument and the striking one was Gong Si Bolong, because of its large size and mesh appearance. Gong Si Bolong becomes a gamelan that can be played when in the hands of Old Master Galung. Mr. Jerah completes it with a set of drums, two sets of sarons, a set of cymbals, a set of cymbals, a set of horns, trumpets, bands and a large gong.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":414,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu Sanggar kesenian di wilayah Tanah Baru, Depok.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is now best known within an art sanctuary in the New Land region, Depok.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":100,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu Sanggar kesenian di wilayah Tanah Baru, Depok. Derasnya arus Globalisasi membuat keberadaan Gong Si Bolong tertutup, karena tidak sebagian besar masyarakat Depok kini ingin membangkitkan keberadaannya.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is now best known within an art sanctuary in the New Land region, Depok. The rush of globalization has shut down Gong Si Bolong's existence, as not much of the Depok community now wants to revive it.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":255,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gong Si Bolong masa kini lebih dikenal di dalam suatu Sanggar kesenian di wilayah Tanah Baru, Depok. Derasnya arus Globalisasi membuat keberadaan Gong Si Bolong tertutup, karena tidak sebagian besar masyarakat Depok kini ingin membangkitkan keberadaannya. Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Terompet, Keromong, serta Saron.","translated_text":"Gong Si Bolong is now best known within an art sanctuary in the New Land region, Depok. The rush of globalization has shut down Gong Si Bolong's existence, as not much of the Depok community now wants to revive it. The musical compositions that glorify Gong Si Bolong are Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Trumpet, Keromong, and Saron.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":377,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Derasnya arus Globalisasi membuat keberadaan Gong Si Bolong tertutup, karena tidak sebagian besar masyarakat Depok kini ingin membangkitkan keberadaannya. Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Terompet, Keromong, serta Saron. Para pemainnya berjumlah 12 anggota yang masing-masingnya memainkan alat-alat musik tersebut.","translated_text":"The rush of globalization has shut down Gong Si Bolong's existence, as not much of the Depok community now wants to revive it. The musical compositions that glorify Gong Si Bolong are Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Trumpet, Keromong, and Saron. The group consisted of 12 members who each played the instruments.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":370,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Komposisi alat musik yang mempermegah Gong Si Bolong adalah Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Terompet, Keromong, serta Saron. Para pemainnya berjumlah 12 anggota yang masing-masingnya memainkan alat-alat musik tersebut. Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Depok.","translated_text":"The musical compositions that glorify Gong Si Bolong are Gong, Gendang, Bende, Rebab, Trumpet, Keromong, and Saron. The group consisted of 12 members who each played the instruments. But now, the art of Gong si Bolong is starting to be less appreciated by the people of Depok City.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":311,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Para pemainnya berjumlah 12 anggota yang masing-masingnya memainkan alat-alat musik tersebut. Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Depok. Undangan pentas kepada Sanggar sudah semakin kurang, bagi pengelola Sanggar itu hal ini dikarenakan generasi penerus kurang peka terhadap keberadaan Gong Si Bolong.","translated_text":"The group consisted of 12 members who each played the instruments. But now, the art of Gong si Bolong is starting to be less appreciated by the people of Depok City. The stage invitation to Sanggar has been diminishing, for Sanggar's managers this is due to a generation of successors less sensitive to the existence of Gong Si Bolong.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|title=Gong Si Bolong yang Mulai Terpinggirkan|access-date=2014-04-30|archive-date=2014-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502021403/http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":354,"name":"Depok","url":"http://www.depok.go.id/en/13/01/2011/01-berita-depok/gong-si-bolong-yang-mulai-terpinggirkan","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:15.161342-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Namun sekarang, kesenian Gong si Bolong sudah mulai kurang diminati oleh masyarakat Kota Depok. Undangan pentas kepada Sanggar sudah semakin kurang, bagi pengelola Sanggar itu hal ini dikarenakan generasi penerus kurang peka terhadap keberadaan Gong Si Bolong. Kelompok kesenian ini juga pernah memenangkan juara 1 dalam pagelaran kesenian Jawa Barat Travel Exchange pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"But now, the art of Gong si Bolong is starting to be less appreciated by the people of Depok City. The stage invitation to Sanggar has been diminishing, for Sanggar's managers this is due to a generation of successors less sensitive to the existence of Gong Si Bolong. The art group also won 1st place in the West Java Travel Exchange art performance in 2008.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|title=Depok Info|access-date=2014-05-13|archive-date=2014-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513174949/http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":383,"name":"Abangmpokdepok","url":"http://www.abangmpokdepok.netne.net/1_15_Depok-Info.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:51:57.511306-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Rempeyek Kacang","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Rempeyek]]","hash":"faf22f883746ccb131b25a5b15b33faacaca306207401a7da7b1adc7d5212ef5","last_revision":"2014-04-28T08:15:39Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:35:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.358349","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Rempeyek\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Rempeyek","translated_text":"It's not easy.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi","wikicode":"{{Infobox Museum\n |name = \n |image = ProclamationMuseum.jpg\n |imagesize = \n |caption = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi\n |map_type = \n |map_caption = \n |latitude = \n |longitude = \n |established = 1992\n |dissolved = \n |location = Jl. Imam Bonjol No.1, RT.9/RW.4, Menteng, Kec. Menteng, Kota Jakarta Pusat,\n |type = Museum \n |visitors = \n |director = \n |curator = \n |publictransit = \n |website = https://museum.kemdikbud.go.id/museum/profile/museum+perumusan+naskah+proklamasi\n|embedded= \n| Name = \n| Image =\n|caption =\n| Location = \n| Type = Nasional\n| Criteria = Bangunan\n| ID =\t \n| Region = \n| Year = \n| Session = \n| ownership = \n| management = \n| Link = \n}}\n\n[[Berkas:ProclamationMuseum.jpg|jmpl|Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi]]\n'''Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi''' atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di [[Indonesia]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }} Gedung luas tanah 3.914 meter persegi dan luas bangunan 1.138 meter persegi itu pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1920 dengan gaya [[arsitektur Eropa]].{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }} Di dalam gedung tersebut terdapat ruangan, mebel kuno, dan aksesoris yang menggambarkan suasana serupa peristiwa perumusan naskah proklamasi.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}\n\n== Sejarah ==\n[[Berkas:Tadashi-maeda.jpg|jmpl|Laksamana Tadashi Maeda, seorang jenderal berkebangsaan Jepang yang merelakan tempat tinggalnya dijadikan markas perumusan naskah proklamasi.]]\nSebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh [[British Consul General]] pada [[Perang Pasifik]] hingga masuk [[Jepang]] mengambil alih. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda [[Tadashi Maeda]], Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara [[Angkatan Laut]] dengan [[Angkatan Darat]]. Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, gedung ini tetap menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda sampai Sekutu mendarat di Indonesia, September 1945. Setelah kekalahan Jepang gedung ini menjadi Markas [[Tentara Inggris]]. Setelah masa peperangan berakhir, gedung ini dikontrak oleh [[Kedutaan Inggris]] sampai dengan tahun 1981. Selanjutnya gedung ini diterima oleh [[Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan]] pada 28 Desember 1981. Tahun 1982, gedung ini sempat digunakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional sebagai perkantoran. Karena makna historis yang dikandung museum tersebut, Menteri Penedidikan dan Kebudayaan Prof. [[Nugroho Notosusanto]] memerintahkan DIrektorat Permuseuman untuk menjadikan gedung tersebut menjadi Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamas dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No.0476/1992 tanggal 24 November 1992.\n\n== Ruang-ruang dalam museum ==\n=== Ruang Pertama ===\nRuang ini merupakan tempat peristiwa bersejarah yang pertama dalam persiapan Perumusan Naskah [[Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia|Proklamasi]]. Ruangan tersebut adalah ruang tamu yang juga digunakan sebagai kantor oleh Maeda.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }} Selain itu, di ruang ini juga digambarkan suasana menjelang proklamasi seperti pembentukan [[PPKI]] dan [[BPUPKI]], bom [[Hiroshima]]-[[Nagasaki]] dan peristiwa lainnya.\n\n=== Ruang Kedua ===\nDalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti [[Soediro]] dan [[B.M Diah]] pada pukul 3 subuh. Di ruang ini juga lah Soekarno membuat draft pertama naskah proklamasi dengan judul “Proklamasi” yang ditulis dengan tangannya sendiri. Selain itu, dalam ruangan ini juga tergambarkan suasana saat Soekarno mengumandangkan proklamasi di Jl. Pegangsaan timur.\n\n=== Ruang Ketiga ===\nDi ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi. Di ruangan ini pulalah Soekarno memutuskan untuk membaca naskah proklamasi di halaman depan rumahnya. Selain itu, di ruangan yang ke-3 terdapat gambar dengan suasana pergolakan saat mempertahankan kemerdekaan.\n\n=== Ruang Keempat ===\nRuang ke-4 adalah ruang pameran benda-benda yang dikenakan para tokoh yang hadir dalam perumusan naskah proklamasi. Benda-benda tersebut meliputi jam tangan, pulpen hingga baju-baju. Di samping itu, ruang keempat adalah ruangan di mana [[Sayuti Melik]] ditemani dengan B.M. Diah mengetikkan naskah proklamasi setelah melakukan proses pengeditan secara bermusyawarah.\n\n== Fakta lainnya ==\n[[Berkas:Napak Tilas Proklamasi.jpeg|jmpl|Napak tilas proklamasi. Suatu program yang rutin dilakukan tiap tahun yang partisipannya sebagian berasal dari komite pengurus Munasprok.]]\n* Di halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter.{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }} Bunker tersebut adalah tempat di mana dahulunya Laksamana Maeda menyimpan barang-barang berharganya seperti dokumen penting kenegaraan ketika Ia menjabat sebagai kepala penghubung Angkatan Laut dan Darat Jepang.\n* Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika. Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu. Hal ini disebabkan pada tahun 1945 isi rumah tersebut banyak yang dijarah termasuk bukti sejarahnya, tetapi tata letaknya tetap dipertahankan.\n* Selain menyuguhkan koleksi benda bersejarah, Munasprok juga menggelar berbagai acara menyambut hari kemerdekaan Indonesia yaitu dengan mengadakan napak tilas dari Museum Joang ’45 diteruskan ke Munasprok, dan puncaknya di [[Tugu Proklamasi]].\n== Rujukan ==\n\n\n{{Museum terkenal di Indonesia|state=collapsed}}\n[[Kategori:Museum di Jakarta]]","hash":"ac6a731f9031d16742e7d1362c594a324b2aada4f310bbcaac495da5807d649b","last_revision":"2024-03-23T00:16:56Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:47:04Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.418431","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Formulation of Proclamation Text Museum","ru":"Музей провозглашения независимости (Джакарта)","ta":"சுதந்திர பிரகடன உரை உருவாக்க அருங்காட்சியகம், ஜகார்த்தா","uk":"Музей проголошення незалежності (Джакарта)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di Indonesia. Gedung luas tanah 3.914 meter persegi dan luas bangunan 1.138 meter persegi itu pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1920 dengan gaya arsitektur Eropa. Di dalam gedung tersebut terdapat ruangan, mebel kuno, dan aksesoris yang menggambarkan suasana serupa peristiwa perumusan naskah proklamasi.\n\nSebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh British Consul General pada Perang Pasifik hingga masuk Jepang mengambil alih. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda, Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara Angkatan Laut dengan Angkatan Darat. Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, gedung ini tetap menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda sampai Sekutu mendarat di Indonesia, September 1945. Setelah kekalahan Jepang gedung ini menjadi Markas Tentara Inggris. Setelah masa peperangan berakhir, gedung ini dikontrak oleh Kedutaan Inggris sampai dengan tahun 1981. Selanjutnya gedung ini diterima oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada 28 Desember 1981. Tahun 1982, gedung ini sempat digunakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional sebagai perkantoran. Karena makna historis yang dikandung museum tersebut, Menteri Penedidikan dan Kebudayaan Prof. Nugroho Notosusanto memerintahkan DIrektorat Permuseuman untuk menjadikan gedung tersebut menjadi Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamas dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No.0476/1992 tanggal 24 November 1992.\n\nRuang ini merupakan tempat peristiwa bersejarah yang pertama dalam persiapan Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi. Ruangan tersebut adalah ruang tamu yang juga digunakan sebagai kantor oleh Maeda. Selain itu, di ruang ini juga digambarkan suasana menjelang proklamasi seperti pembentukan PPKI dan BPUPKI, bom Hiroshima-Nagasaki dan peristiwa lainnya.\n\nDalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti Soediro dan B.M Diah pada pukul 3 subuh. Di ruang ini juga lah Soekarno membuat draft pertama naskah proklamasi dengan judul \"Proklamasi\" yang ditulis dengan tangannya sendiri. Selain itu, dalam ruangan ini juga tergambarkan suasana saat Soekarno mengumandangkan proklamasi di Jl. Pegangsaan timur.\n\nDi ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi. Di ruangan ini pulalah Soekarno memutuskan untuk membaca naskah proklamasi di halaman depan rumahnya. Selain itu, di ruangan yang ke-3 terdapat gambar dengan suasana pergolakan saat mempertahankan kemerdekaan.\n\nRuang ke-4 adalah ruang pameran benda-benda yang dikenakan para tokoh yang hadir dalam perumusan naskah proklamasi. Benda-benda tersebut meliputi jam tangan, pulpen hingga baju-baju. Di samping itu, ruang keempat adalah ruangan di mana Sayuti Melik ditemani dengan B.M. Diah mengetikkan naskah proklamasi setelah melakukan proses pengeditan secara bermusyawarah.\n\nDi halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter. Bunker tersebut adalah tempat di mana dahulunya Laksamana Maeda menyimpan barang-barang berharganya seperti dokumen penting kenegaraan ketika Ia menjabat sebagai kepala penghubung Angkatan Laut dan Darat Jepang. Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika. Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu. Hal ini disebabkan pada tahun 1945 isi rumah tersebut banyak yang dijarah termasuk bukti sejarahnya, tetapi tata letaknya tetap dipertahankan. Selain menyuguhkan koleksi benda bersejarah, Munasprok juga menggelar berbagai acara menyambut hari kemerdekaan Indonesia yaitu dengan mengadakan napak tilas dari Museum Joang '45 diteruskan ke Munasprok, dan puncaknya di Tugu Proklamasi.\n\nKategori:Museum di Jakarta\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Museum\n |name = \n |image = ProclamationMuseum.jpg\n |imagesize = \n |caption = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi\n |map_type = \n |map_caption = \n |latitude = \n |longitude = \n |established = 1992\n |dissolved = \n |location = Jl. Imam Bonjol No.1, RT.9/RW.4, Menteng, Kec. Menteng, Kota Jakarta Pusat,\n |type = Museum \n |visitors = \n |director = \n |curator = \n |publictransit = \n |website = https://museum.kemdikbud.go.id/museum/profile/museum+perumusan+naskah+proklamasi\n|embedded= \n| Name = \n| Image =\n|caption =\n| Location = \n| Type = Nasional\n| Criteria = Bangunan\n| ID =\t \n| Region = \n| Year = \n| Session = \n| ownership = \n| management = \n| Link = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Proclamation Manuscript Formulation Museum or Munasprok for short is a building built as a monument to the events of the process of formulation of the proclamation of independence in Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":182,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gedung luas tanah 3.914 meter persegi dan luas bangunan 1.138 meter persegi itu pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1920 dengan gaya arsitektur Eropa.","translated_text":"The 3,914-square-foot building and 1,138-square-foot building was first erected in 1920 in the European architectural style.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":148,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam gedung tersebut terdapat ruangan, mebel kuno, dan aksesoris yang menggambarkan suasana serupa peristiwa perumusan naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"Inside the building are rooms, ancient furniture, and accessories that depict an atmosphere similar to the events of the drafting of the proclamation text.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":141,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya.","translated_text":"Before it was acclaimed as a museum, Munasprok building was first managed by an insurance company called PT Asuransi Jiwasraya.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":129,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh British Consul General pada Perang Pasifik hingga masuk Jepang mengambil alih.","translated_text":"Subsequently the building was taken over by the British Consul General in the Pacific War until the entrance of the Japanese took over.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":119,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda, Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara Angkatan Laut dengan Angkatan Darat.","translated_text":"During the Japanese occupation, the building was the residence of Young Admiral Tadashi Maeda, Head of the Liaison Office between the Navy and the Army.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":162,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is 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}}","char_index":169,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah kekalahan Jepang gedung ini menjadi Markas Tentara Inggris.","translated_text":"After the Japanese defeat this building became the headquarters of the British Army.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini 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http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":102,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selanjutnya gedung ini diterima oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada 28 Desember 1981.","translated_text":"The building was subsequently accepted by the Ministry of Education and Culture on 28 December 1981.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tahun 1982, gedung ini sempat digunakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional sebagai perkantoran.","translated_text":"In 1982, the building was used by the National Library as offices.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":87,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karena makna historis yang dikandung museum tersebut, Menteri Penedidikan dan Kebudayaan Prof. Nugroho Notosusanto memerintahkan DIrektorat Permuseuman untuk menjadikan gedung tersebut menjadi Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamas dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No.0476/1992 tanggal 24 November 1992.","translated_text":"Due to the historical significance of the museum, the Minister of Education and Culture, Prof. Nugroho Notosusanto, ordered the Directorate of the Museum to make the building into the Museum of the Formulation of the Proclamation by Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 0476/1992 dated November 24, 1992.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html 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Formulation of the Proclamation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ruangan tersebut adalah ruang tamu yang juga digunakan sebagai kantor oleh Maeda.","translated_text":"The room was a living room that was also used as an office by Maeda.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":81,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":81,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, di ruang ini juga digambarkan suasana menjelang proklamasi seperti pembentukan PPKI dan BPUPKI, bom Hiroshima-Nagasaki dan peristiwa lainnya.","translated_text":"In addition, the room also depicts the atmosphere leading up to the proclamation such as the formation of PPKI and BPUPKI, the Hiroshima-Nagasaki bombing and other events.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":153,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ruang Kedua","translated_text":"Second Room","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti Soediro dan B.M Diah pada pukul 3 subuh.","translated_text":"In this room Soekarno-Hatta held a joint meeting at a round table with other trustees such as Soediro and B.M. Diah at 3 a.m.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":140,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di ruang ini juga lah Soekarno membuat draft pertama naskah proklamasi dengan judul \"Proklamasi\" yang ditulis dengan tangannya sendiri.","translated_text":"It was also in this room that Soekarno drew up the first draft of the Proclamation manuscript entitled \"Proclamation\" written with his own hands.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":135,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, dalam ruangan ini juga tergambarkan suasana saat Soekarno mengumandangkan proklamasi di Jl. Pegangsaan timur.","translated_text":"In addition, this room also depicts the atmosphere when Soekarno proclaimed the proclamation in Jl.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":121,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ruang Ketiga","translated_text":"Room Three","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"In the third room there is a piano under the stairs which is the place where Soekarno-Hatta signed the text of the proclamation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":125,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di ruangan ini pulalah Soekarno memutuskan untuk membaca naskah proklamasi di halaman depan rumahnya.","translated_text":"It was in this room that Soekarno decided to read the text of the proclamation in the front yard of his home.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":101,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, di ruangan yang ke-3 terdapat gambar dengan suasana pergolakan saat mempertahankan kemerdekaan.","translated_text":"In addition, in the third room there is a picture of a turbulent atmosphere while defending independence.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":107,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ruang Keempat","translated_text":"Room Four","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ruang ke-4 adalah ruang pameran benda-benda yang dikenakan para tokoh yang hadir dalam perumusan naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"Room 4 is an exhibition room of objects worn by the figures present in the drafting of the proclamation script.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":115,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Benda","translated_text":"The thing","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-benda tersebut meliputi jam tangan, pulpen hingga baju-baju.","translated_text":"- Including watches, pencils, dresses.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":61,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di samping itu, ruang keempat adalah ruangan di mana Sayuti Melik ditemani dengan B.M. Diah mengetikkan naskah proklamasi setelah melakukan proses pengeditan secara bermusyawarah.","translated_text":"In addition, the fourth room was the room where Sayuti Melik was accompanied by B.M. Diah typing the proclamation text after performing the editing process.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":179,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Fakta lainnya","translated_text":"Other Facts","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter.","translated_text":"In the backyard of the museum, you can find a secret bunker 5 meters wide by 3 meters long and about 1.5 meters high.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":133,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 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}}","char_index":211,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika.","translated_text":"All the furniture and furnishings in the Proclamation Manuscript Museum are not original items as they were at the time of independence, but replicas.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":148,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu.","translated_text":"The items included a meeting room, a piano, a locker shelf, and a set of tables and chairs for guests.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":92,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hal ini disebabkan pada tahun 1945 isi rumah tersebut banyak yang dijarah termasuk bukti sejarahnya, tetapi tata letaknya tetap dipertahankan.","translated_text":"This is due to the fact that in 1945 much of the contents of the house were plundered including historical evidence, but the layout remains intact.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":142,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain menyuguhkan koleksi benda bersejarah, Munasprok juga menggelar berbagai acara menyambut hari kemerdekaan Indonesia yaitu dengan mengadakan napak tilas dari Museum Joang '45 diteruskan ke Munasprok, dan puncaknya di Tugu Proklamasi.","translated_text":"In addition to presenting a collection of historical objects, Munasprok also hosts various events celebrating Indonesia's independence day by holding a stamp from the Joang '45 Museum carried to Munasprok, and culminating in the Statue of Proclamation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":238,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Museum di Jakarta","translated_text":":Museum in Jakarta","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Proclamation Manuscript Formulation Museum or Munasprok for short is a building built as a monument to the events of the process of formulation of the proclamation of independence in Indonesia.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":182,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di Indonesia. Gedung luas tanah 3.914 meter persegi dan luas bangunan 1.138 meter persegi itu pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1920 dengan gaya arsitektur Eropa.","translated_text":"The Proclamation Manuscript Formulation Museum or Munasprok for short is a building built as a monument to the events of the process of formulation of the proclamation of independence in Indonesia. The 3,914-square-foot building and 1,138-square-foot building was first erected in 1920 in the European architectural style.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":331,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi atau disingkat dengan Munasprok adalah gedung yang dibangun sebagai monument peristiwa proses perumusan naskah proklamasi kemerdekaan di Indonesia. Gedung luas tanah 3.914 meter persegi dan luas bangunan 1.138 meter persegi itu pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1920 dengan gaya arsitektur Eropa. Di dalam gedung tersebut terdapat ruangan, mebel kuno, dan aksesoris yang menggambarkan suasana serupa peristiwa perumusan naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"The Proclamation Manuscript Formulation Museum or Munasprok for short is a building built as a monument to the events of the process of formulation of the proclamation of independence in Indonesia. The 3,914-square-foot building and 1,138-square-foot building was first erected in 1920 in the European architectural style. Inside the building are rooms, ancient furniture, and accessories that depict an atmosphere similar to the events of the drafting of the proclamation text.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":473,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Sebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya.","translated_text":"Before it was acclaimed as a museum, Munasprok building was first managed by an insurance company called PT Asuransi Jiwasraya.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":129,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh British Consul General pada Perang Pasifik hingga masuk Jepang mengambil alih.","translated_text":"Before it was acclaimed as a museum, Munasprok building was first managed by an insurance company called PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Subsequently the building was taken over by the British Consul General in the Pacific War until the entrance of the Japanese took over.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Indonesia.com | title = Sejarah Gedung Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi| url = http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta }}","char_index":249,"name":"a","url":"http://www.museumindonesia.com/museum/39/1/Museum_Perumusan_Naskah_Proklamasi_Jakarta","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:29.227753-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum diaklamasi sebagai museum, gedung Munasprok pertama kali dikelola oleh perusahaan asuransi bernama PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh British Consul General pada Perang Pasifik hingga masuk Jepang mengambil alih. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda, Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara Angkatan Laut dengan Angkatan Darat.","translated_text":"Before it was acclaimed as a museum, Munasprok building was first managed by an insurance company called PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. Subsequently the building was taken over by the British Consul General in the Pacific War until the entrance of the Japanese took over. During the Japanese occupation, the building was the residence of Young Admiral Tadashi Maeda, Head of the Liaison Office between the Navy and the Army.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":412,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selanjutnya gedung itu diambil alih oleh British Consul General pada Perang Pasifik hingga masuk Jepang mengambil alih. Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda, Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara Angkatan Laut dengan Angkatan Darat. Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, gedung ini tetap menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda sampai Sekutu mendarat di Indonesia, September 1945.","translated_text":"Subsequently the building was taken over by the British Consul General in the Pacific War until the entrance of the Japanese took over. During the Japanese occupation, the building was the residence of Young Admiral Tadashi Maeda, Head of the Liaison Office between the Navy and the Army. After Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, the building remained the residence of Admiral Muda Tadashi Maeda until the Allied landings in Indonesia, September 1945.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":452,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada masa pendudukan Jepang, gedung ini menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda, Kepala Kantor Penghubung antara Angkatan Laut dengan Angkatan Darat. Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, gedung ini tetap menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda sampai Sekutu mendarat di Indonesia, September 1945. Setelah kekalahan Jepang gedung ini menjadi Markas Tentara Inggris.","translated_text":"During the Japanese occupation, the building was the residence of Young Admiral Tadashi Maeda, Head of the Liaison Office between the Navy and the Army. After Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, the building remained the residence of Admiral Muda Tadashi Maeda until the Allied landings in Indonesia, September 1945. After the Japanese defeat this building became the headquarters of the British Army.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":400,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945, gedung ini tetap menjadi tempat kediaman Laksamana Muda Tadashi Maeda sampai Sekutu mendarat di Indonesia, September 1945. Setelah kekalahan Jepang gedung ini menjadi Markas Tentara Inggris. Setelah masa peperangan berakhir, gedung ini dikontrak oleh Kedutaan Inggris sampai dengan tahun 1981.","translated_text":"After Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, the building remained the residence of Admiral Muda Tadashi Maeda until the Allied landings in Indonesia, September 1945. After the Japanese defeat this building became the headquarters of the British Army. After the war ended, the building was contracted by the British Embassy until 1981.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":340,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Setelah masa peperangan berakhir, gedung ini dikontrak oleh Kedutaan Inggris sampai dengan tahun 1981. Selanjutnya gedung ini diterima oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada 28 Desember 1981. Tahun 1982, gedung ini sempat digunakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional sebagai perkantoran.","translated_text":"After the war ended, the building was contracted by the British Embassy until 1981. The building was subsequently accepted by the Ministry of Education and Culture on 28 December 1981. In 1982, the building was used by the National Library as offices.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":287,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selanjutnya gedung ini diterima oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada 28 Desember 1981. Tahun 1982, gedung ini sempat digunakan oleh Perpustakaan Nasional sebagai perkantoran. Karena makna historis yang dikandung museum tersebut, Menteri Penedidikan dan Kebudayaan Prof. Nugroho Notosusanto memerintahkan DIrektorat Permuseuman untuk menjadikan gedung tersebut menjadi Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamas dengan Surat Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No.0476/1992 tanggal 24 November 1992.","translated_text":"The building was subsequently accepted by the Ministry of Education and Culture on 28 December 1981. In 1982, the building was used by the National Library as offices. Due to the historical significance of the museum, the Minister of Education and Culture, Prof. Nugroho Notosusanto, ordered the Directorate of the Museum to make the building into the Museum of the Formulation of the Proclamation by Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No. 0476/1992 dated November 24, 1992.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Asosiasi Museum Indonesia | title = Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi Jakarta | url = http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html }}","char_index":507,"name":"b","url":"http://asosiasimuseumindonesia.org/galeri/2-single-articles/70-museum-perumusan-naskah-proklamasi.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.731676-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ruang ini merupakan tempat peristiwa bersejarah yang pertama dalam persiapan Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi. Ruangan tersebut adalah ruang tamu yang juga digunakan sebagai kantor oleh Maeda.","translated_text":"This room was the site of the first historic event in preparation for the Formulation of the Proclamation. The room was a living room that was also used as an office by Maeda.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":187,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625},{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":187,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Ruang ini merupakan tempat peristiwa bersejarah yang pertama dalam persiapan Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi. Ruangan tersebut adalah ruang tamu yang juga digunakan sebagai kantor oleh Maeda. Selain itu, di ruang ini juga digambarkan suasana menjelang proklamasi seperti pembentukan PPKI dan BPUPKI, bom Hiroshima-Nagasaki dan peristiwa lainnya.","translated_text":"This room was the site of the first historic event in preparation for the Formulation of the Proclamation. The room was a living room that was also used as an office by Maeda. In addition, the room also depicts the atmosphere leading up to the proclamation such as the formation of PPKI and BPUPKI, the Hiroshima-Nagasaki bombing and other events.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":341,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Dalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti Soediro dan B.M Diah pada pukul 3 subuh.","translated_text":"In this room Soekarno-Hatta held a joint meeting at a round table with other trustees such as Soediro and B.M. Diah at 3 a.m.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":140,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Dalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti Soediro dan B.M Diah pada pukul 3 subuh. Di ruang ini juga lah Soekarno membuat draft pertama naskah proklamasi dengan judul \"Proklamasi\" yang ditulis dengan tangannya sendiri.","translated_text":"In this room Soekarno-Hatta held a joint meeting at a round table with other trustees such as Soediro and B.M. Diah at 3 a.m. It was also in this room that Soekarno drew up the first draft of the Proclamation manuscript entitled \"Proclamation\" written with his own hands.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":276,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Dalam ruang ini Soekarno-Hatta mengadakan rapat bersama di meja bundar dengan pengurus lain seperti Soediro dan B.M Diah pada pukul 3 subuh. Di ruang ini juga lah Soekarno membuat draft pertama naskah proklamasi dengan judul \"Proklamasi\" yang ditulis dengan tangannya sendiri. Selain itu, dalam ruangan ini juga tergambarkan suasana saat Soekarno mengumandangkan proklamasi di Jl. Pegangsaan timur.","translated_text":"In this room Soekarno-Hatta held a joint meeting at a round table with other trustees such as Soediro and B.M. Diah at 3 a.m. It was also in this room that Soekarno drew up the first draft of the Proclamation manuscript entitled \"Proclamation\" written with his own hands. In addition, this room also depicts the atmosphere when Soekarno proclaimed the proclamation in Jl.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":398,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Di ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"In the third room there is a piano under the stairs which is the place where Soekarno-Hatta signed the text of the proclamation.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":125,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Di ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi. Di ruangan ini pulalah Soekarno memutuskan untuk membaca naskah proklamasi di halaman depan rumahnya.","translated_text":"In the third room there is a piano under the stairs which is the place where Soekarno-Hatta signed the text of the proclamation. It was in this room that Soekarno decided to read the text of the proclamation in the front yard of his home.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":227,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Di ruang ketiga terdapat piano di bawah tangga yang merupakan tempat di mana Soekarno-Hatta menandatangani naskah proklamasi. Di ruangan ini pulalah Soekarno memutuskan untuk membaca naskah proklamasi di halaman depan rumahnya. Selain itu, di ruangan yang ke-3 terdapat gambar dengan suasana pergolakan saat mempertahankan kemerdekaan.","translated_text":"In the third room there is a piano under the stairs which is the place where Soekarno-Hatta signed the text of the proclamation. It was in this room that Soekarno decided to read the text of the proclamation in the front yard of his home. In addition, in the third room there is a picture of a turbulent atmosphere while defending independence.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":335,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Ruang ke-4 adalah ruang pameran benda-benda yang dikenakan para tokoh yang hadir dalam perumusan naskah proklamasi.","translated_text":"Room 4 is an exhibition room of objects worn by the figures present in the drafting of the proclamation script.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":115,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Ruang ke-4 adalah ruang pameran benda-benda yang dikenakan para tokoh yang hadir dalam perumusan naskah proklamasi. Benda -benda tersebut meliputi jam tangan, pulpen hingga baju-baju.","translated_text":"Room 4 is an exhibition room of objects worn by the figures present in the drafting of the proclamation script. The thing - Including watches, pencils, dresses.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Detik | title = Ternyata, Naskah Proklamasi Diketik di Rumah Besar Ini | url = http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini }}","char_index":183,"name":"c","url":"http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/08/14/115011/2329340/1519/2/ternyata-naskah-proklamasi-diketik-di-rumah-besar-ini","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":163220,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:30.857047-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91943359375}]},{"text":"Benda -benda tersebut meliputi jam tangan, pulpen hingga baju-baju. Di samping itu, ruang keempat adalah ruangan di mana Sayuti Melik ditemani dengan B.M. Diah mengetikkan naskah proklamasi setelah melakukan proses pengeditan secara bermusyawarah.","translated_text":"The thing - Including watches, pencils, dresses. In addition, the fourth room was the room where Sayuti Melik was accompanied by B.M. Diah typing the proclamation text after performing the editing process.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Museum Naskah Proklamasi | title = Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | journal = | access-date = 2014-05-02 | archive-date = 2015-09-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001600/http://www.munasprok.or.id/ | dead-url = unfit }}","char_index":247,"name":"d","url":"http://www.munasprok.or.id/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":98605,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:36.957131-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":2,"source_quality_raw_score":0.336181640625}]},{"text":"Di halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter.","translated_text":"In the backyard of the museum, you can find a secret bunker 5 meters wide by 3 meters long and about 1.5 meters high.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":133,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter. Bunker tersebut adalah tempat di mana dahulunya Laksamana Maeda menyimpan barang-barang berharganya seperti dokumen penting kenegaraan ketika Ia menjabat sebagai kepala penghubung Angkatan Laut dan Darat Jepang.","translated_text":"In the backyard of the museum, you can find a secret bunker 5 meters wide by 3 meters long and about 1.5 meters high. The bunker was once where Admiral Maeda kept valuables such as important state documents when he served as chief liaison of the Navy and Land of Japan.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":345,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di halaman belakang museum, bisa ditemukan sebuah bunker rahasia selebar 5 meter dengan panjang 3 meter dan tinggi sekitar 1,5 meter. Bunker tersebut adalah tempat di mana dahulunya Laksamana Maeda menyimpan barang-barang berharganya seperti dokumen penting kenegaraan ketika Ia menjabat sebagai kepala penghubung Angkatan Laut dan Darat Jepang. Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika.","translated_text":"In the backyard of the museum, you can find a secret bunker 5 meters wide by 3 meters long and about 1.5 meters high. The bunker was once where Admiral Maeda kept valuables such as important state documents when he served as chief liaison of the Navy and Land of Japan. All the furniture and furnishings in the Proclamation Manuscript Museum are not original items as they were at the time of independence, but replicas.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":494,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bunker tersebut adalah tempat di mana dahulunya Laksamana Maeda menyimpan barang-barang berharganya seperti dokumen penting kenegaraan ketika Ia menjabat sebagai kepala penghubung Angkatan Laut dan Darat Jepang. Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika. Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu.","translated_text":"The bunker was once where Admiral Maeda kept valuables such as important state documents when he served as chief liaison of the Navy and Land of Japan. All the furniture and furnishings in the Proclamation Manuscript Museum are not original items as they were at the time of independence, but replicas. The items included a meeting room, a piano, a locker shelf, and a set of tables and chairs for guests.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":453,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Segala furnitur dan mebel yang berada di Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi bukan barang asli seperti pada saat masa kemerdekaan, melainkan replika. Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu. Hal ini disebabkan pada tahun 1945 isi rumah tersebut banyak yang dijarah termasuk bukti sejarahnya, tetapi tata letaknya tetap dipertahankan.","translated_text":"All the furniture and furnishings in the Proclamation Manuscript Museum are not original items as they were at the time of independence, but replicas. The items included a meeting room, a piano, a locker shelf, and a set of tables and chairs for guests. This is due to the fact that in 1945 much of the contents of the house were plundered including historical evidence, but the layout remains intact.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":384,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Barang tersebut meliputi ruang rapat, piano, rak loker, dan seperangkat meja dan kursi tamu. Hal ini disebabkan pada tahun 1945 isi rumah tersebut banyak yang dijarah termasuk bukti sejarahnya, tetapi tata letaknya tetap dipertahankan. Selain menyuguhkan koleksi benda bersejarah, Munasprok juga menggelar berbagai acara menyambut hari kemerdekaan Indonesia yaitu dengan mengadakan napak tilas dari Museum Joang '45 diteruskan ke Munasprok, dan puncaknya di Tugu Proklamasi.","translated_text":"The items included a meeting room, a piano, a locker shelf, and a set of tables and chairs for guests. This is due to the fact that in 1945 much of the contents of the house were plundered including historical evidence, but the layout remains intact. In addition to presenting a collection of historical objects, Munasprok also hosts various events celebrating Indonesia's independence day by holding a stamp from the Joang '45 Museum carried to Munasprok, and culminating in the Statue of Proclamation.","citations":[{"content":"{{en}} {{cite journal | author = Travel Kompas | title = Menyusuri Sejarah Museum Perumusan Naskah Proklamasi | url = http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi }}","char_index":474,"name":"e","url":"http://travel.kompas.com/read/2011/08/17/18430888/Menyusuri.Museum.Naskah.Proklamasi","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":919,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.474989-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (75 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"François Magendie","wikicode":"{{Infobox scientist\n|name = François Magendie\n|image =François Magendie.jpg\n|image_size =150px\n|caption = François Magendie pada tahun 1822\n|birth_date = 6 Oktober 1783\n|birth_place = [[Bordeaux]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1855|10|07|1783|10|06}}\n|death_place = [[Sannois]]\n|residence = \n|citizenship = \n|nationality = [[Prancis]]\n|ethnicity = \n|field = [[Fisiologi]]\n|work_institutions = \n|alma_mater = \n|doctoral_advisor = \n|doctoral_students = \n|known_for = ''[[Foramen of Magendie]]''\n|author_abbrev_bot = \n|author_abbrev_zoo = \n|influences = \n|influenced = [[Claude Bernard]]\n|prizes = \n|religion = \n|footnotes = \n|signature =\n}}\n'''François Magendie''' adalah seorang [[psikolog]] yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh [[Charles Bell]], karena dia menemukan sesuatu mengenai saraf [[motorik]] dan [[sensorik]] yang sama dengan penemuan [[Bell]], sehingga penemuan mereka yang dilakukan di dua tempat terpisah itu disebut \"Susunan Saraf Bell-Magendie\".Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50. François Magendie juga terkenal dengan hukum satu arah dalam susunan saraf. Hukum itu mengatakan bahwa konduksi dalam saraf secara normal hanya berjalan searah, jadi tidak bolak-balik. Hukum ini kemudian didasarkan dari konsep tentang aksi refleks. Ia juga disebut sebagai Bapak [[Farmakologi]] [[Eksperimental]], karena menggambarkan efek dari penggunaan morfin, emetine, kina, strychnine, dan alkaloid. François Magendie mewarnai perkembangan psikologi sebagai bagian dari ilmu faal pada abad ke-19.\n\n== Kehidupan dan Karier ==\nFrançois Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di [[Bordeaux]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}} Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh. Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran [[College de France]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2016-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920152918/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|dead-url=no}} François Magendie adalah seorang yang konservatif, pendiam, tidak banyak bicara, kurang banyak bergaul, berpribadi agak tertutup tetapi sangat terbuka dalam tulisan-tulisan. Ia rajin menulis dalam majalah-majalah ilmiah, tetapi ia sendiri kurang menyempatkan diri untuk membaca karya orang lain, sehingga ia tidak membaca karya [[Charles Bell]]. Ia mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 7 Oktober 1885 di [[Sannois]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428033013/http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|dead-url=yes}}\n\n== Pemikiran ==\nPemikiran lain yang terkenal datang dari sosok François Magendie yakni perbedaan-perbedaan karakter atau kepribadian antara dua sarjana yang secara terpisah menghasilkan penemuan yang sama dengan [[Charles Bell]]. Ia membuktikan teori [[Charles Bell]] pada fungsi motorik akar anterior dan fungsi sensorik dari akar dorsal saraf tulang belakang yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Hukum Bell-Magendie.{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}} François Magendie juga menerbitkan ikhtisar yang berjudul ''Elementaire de physiologie,'' yang merupakan buku teks [[fisiologi]] pertama. Di dalam karya ini ia menunjukkan betapa pentingnya protein dalam diet. Ringkasan-nya Fisiologi adalah yang pertama buku teks fisiologi modern, di mana ia menunjukkan pentingnya protein dalam diet.\n\n== Lihat juga ==\n*[[Daniel Frederik Eschricht]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Psikologi]]\n[[Kategori:Prancis]]","hash":"a72fc196375d4e2514646321e644af9f825d79ba5fb408a9f3abbff6d53f1400","last_revision":"2023-07-25T13:50:36Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:47:11Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.487123","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"فرانسوا ماغندي","arz":"فرانسوا ماجيندى","bg":"Франсоа Мажанди","ca":"François Magendie","cs":"François Magendie","de":"François Magendie","en":"François Magendie","eo":"François Magendie","es":"François Magendie","et":"François Magendie","fr":"François Magendie","ga":"François Magendie","he":"פרנסואה מז'נדי","hy":"Ֆրանսուա Մաժանդի","it":"François Magendie","ja":"フランソワ・マジャンディー","ko":"프랑수아 마장디","la":"Franciscus Magendie","pl":"François Magendie","pt":"François Magendie","ro":"François Magendie","ru":"Мажанди, Франсуа","sv":"François Magendie","uk":"Франсуа Мажанді"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"François Magendie adalah seorang psikolog yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh Charles Bell, karena dia menemukan sesuatu mengenai saraf motorik dan sensorik yang sama dengan penemuan Bell, sehingga penemuan mereka yang dilakukan di dua tempat terpisah itu disebut \"Susunan Saraf Bell-Magendie\". François Magendie juga terkenal dengan hukum satu arah dalam susunan saraf. Hukum itu mengatakan bahwa konduksi dalam saraf secara normal hanya berjalan searah, jadi tidak bolak-balik. Hukum ini kemudian didasarkan dari konsep tentang aksi refleks. Ia juga disebut sebagai Bapak Farmakologi Eksperimental, karena menggambarkan efek dari penggunaan morfin, emetine, kina, strychnine, dan alkaloid. François Magendie mewarnai perkembangan psikologi sebagai bagian dari ilmu faal pada abad ke-19.\n\nFrançois Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di Bordeaux. Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh. Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran College de France. François Magendie adalah seorang yang konservatif, pendiam, tidak banyak bicara, kurang banyak bergaul, berpribadi agak tertutup tetapi sangat terbuka dalam tulisan-tulisan. Ia rajin menulis dalam majalah-majalah ilmiah, tetapi ia sendiri kurang menyempatkan diri untuk membaca karya orang lain, sehingga ia tidak membaca karya Charles Bell. Ia mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 7 Oktober 1885 di Sannois.\n\nPemikiran lain yang terkenal datang dari sosok François Magendie yakni perbedaan-perbedaan karakter atau kepribadian antara dua sarjana yang secara terpisah menghasilkan penemuan yang sama dengan Charles Bell. Ia membuktikan teori Charles Bell pada fungsi motorik akar anterior dan fungsi sensorik dari akar dorsal saraf tulang belakang yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Hukum Bell-Magendie. François Magendie juga menerbitkan ikhtisar yang berjudul Elementaire de physiologie, yang merupakan buku teks fisiologi pertama. Di dalam karya ini ia menunjukkan betapa pentingnya protein dalam diet. Ringkasan-nya Fisiologi adalah yang pertama buku teks fisiologi modern, di mana ia menunjukkan pentingnya protein dalam diet.\n\nDaniel Frederik Eschricht\n\nKategori:Psikologi Kategori:Prancis\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox scientist\n|name = François Magendie\n|image =François Magendie.jpg\n|image_size =150px\n|caption = François Magendie pada tahun 1822\n|birth_date = 6 Oktober 1783\n|birth_place = [[Bordeaux]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1855|10|07|1783|10|06}}\n|death_place = [[Sannois]]\n|residence = \n|citizenship = \n|nationality = [[Prancis]]\n|ethnicity = \n|field = [[Fisiologi]]\n|work_institutions = \n|alma_mater = \n|doctoral_advisor = \n|doctoral_students = \n|known_for = ''[[Foramen of Magendie]]''\n|author_abbrev_bot = \n|author_abbrev_zoo = \n|influences = \n|influenced = [[Claude Bernard]]\n|prizes = \n|religion = \n|footnotes = \n|signature =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"François Magendie adalah seorang psikolog yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh Charles Bell, karena dia menemukan sesuatu mengenai saraf motorik dan sensorik yang sama dengan penemuan Bell, sehingga penemuan mereka yang dilakukan di dua tempat terpisah itu disebut \"Susunan Saraf Bell-Magendie\".","translated_text":"François Magendie was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by Charles Bell, for he discovered something about motor and sensory nerves similar to Bell's discovery, so that their discovery in two separate places was called the \"Bell-Magendie Saraf Syndrome\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. 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Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":108,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hukum ini kemudian didasarkan dari konsep tentang aksi refleks.","translated_text":"This law was then based on the concept of reflex action.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga disebut sebagai Bapak Farmakologi Eksperimental, karena menggambarkan efek dari penggunaan morfin, emetine, kina, strychnine, dan alkaloid.","translated_text":"He is also referred to as the Father of Experimental Pharmacology, for describing the effects of the use of morphine, emetine, kina, strychnine, and alkaloids.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":147,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"François Magendie mewarnai perkembangan psikologi sebagai bagian dari ilmu faal pada abad ke-19.","translated_text":"François Magendie colored the development of psychology as part of the faal science in the 19th century.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":96,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan dan Karier","translated_text":"Life and Career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"François Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di Bordeaux.","translated_text":"François Magendie was born on October 6, 1783 in Bordeaux.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":56,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":56,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh.","translated_text":"He pioneered the study of the effects of drugs on various parts of the body.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":72,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran College de France.","translated_text":"In 1831, he was appointed a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the College de France.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2016-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920152918/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|dead-url=no}}","char_index":89,"name":"Encyclopedia","url":"http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":173,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia rajin menulis dalam majalah-majalah ilmiah, tetapi ia sendiri kurang menyempatkan diri untuk membaca karya orang lain, sehingga ia tidak membaca karya Charles Bell.","translated_text":"He wrote extensively in scientific journals, but he himself was less inclined to read the works of others, so he did not read the works of Charles Bell.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. 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Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ringkasan","translated_text":"Summary","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-nya Fisiologi adalah yang pertama buku teks fisiologi modern, di mana ia menunjukkan pentingnya protein dalam diet.","translated_text":"- his Physiology was the first modern physiology textbook, in which he pointed to the importance of protein in diet.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":116,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat juga","translated_text":"See also","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daniel Frederik Eschricht","translated_text":"Daniel Frederik Eschricht","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Psikologi Kategori:Prancis","translated_text":": Psychology Category:French","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"François Magendie adalah seorang psikolog yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh Charles Bell, karena dia menemukan sesuatu mengenai saraf motorik dan sensorik yang sama dengan penemuan Bell, sehingga penemuan mereka yang dilakukan di dua tempat terpisah itu disebut \"Susunan Saraf Bell-Magendie\".","translated_text":"François Magendie was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by Charles Bell, for he discovered something about motor and sensory nerves similar to Bell's discovery, so that their discovery in two separate places was called the \"Bell-Magendie Saraf Syndrome\".","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":287,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"François Magendie adalah seorang psikolog yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh Charles Bell, karena dia menemukan sesuatu mengenai saraf motorik dan sensorik yang sama dengan penemuan Bell, sehingga penemuan mereka yang dilakukan di dua tempat terpisah itu disebut \"Susunan Saraf Bell-Magendie\". François Magendie juga terkenal dengan hukum satu arah dalam susunan saraf. Hukum itu mengatakan bahwa konduksi dalam saraf secara normal hanya berjalan searah, jadi tidak bolak-balik.","translated_text":"François Magendie was a psychologist who was greatly influenced by Charles Bell, for he discovered something about motor and sensory nerves similar to Bell's discovery, so that their discovery in two separate places was called the \"Bell-Magendie Saraf Syndrome\". François Magendie is also famous for his one-way law in the arrangement of nerves. The law says that conduction in the nerves normally only goes in the direction, so it doesn't go back and forth.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":472,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hukum itu mengatakan bahwa konduksi dalam saraf secara normal hanya berjalan searah, jadi tidak bolak-balik. Hukum ini kemudian didasarkan dari konsep tentang aksi refleks. Ia juga disebut sebagai Bapak Farmakologi Eksperimental, karena menggambarkan efek dari penggunaan morfin, emetine, kina, strychnine, dan alkaloid.","translated_text":"The law says that conduction in the nerves normally only goes in the direction, so it doesn't go back and forth. This law was then based on the concept of reflex action. He is also referred to as the Father of Experimental Pharmacology, for describing the effects of the use of morphine, emetine, kina, strychnine, and alkaloids.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":320,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hukum ini kemudian didasarkan dari konsep tentang aksi refleks. Ia juga disebut sebagai Bapak Farmakologi Eksperimental, karena menggambarkan efek dari penggunaan morfin, emetine, kina, strychnine, dan alkaloid. François Magendie mewarnai perkembangan psikologi sebagai bagian dari ilmu faal pada abad ke-19.","translated_text":"This law was then based on the concept of reflex action. He is also referred to as the Father of Experimental Pharmacology, for describing the effects of the use of morphine, emetine, kina, strychnine, and alkaloids. François Magendie colored the development of psychology as part of the faal science in the 19th century.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":308,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"François Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di Bordeaux.","translated_text":"François Magendie was born on October 6, 1783 in Bordeaux.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":56,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":56,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}]},{"text":"François Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di Bordeaux. Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh.","translated_text":"François Magendie was born on October 6, 1783 in Bordeaux. He pioneered the study of the effects of drugs on various parts of the body.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2015-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520193520/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie|dead-url=no}}","char_index":129,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/356563/Francois-Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72774,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:41.658298-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.77685546875}]},{"text":"François Magendie lahir pada 6 Oktober 1783 di Bordeaux. Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh. Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran College de France.","translated_text":"François Magendie was born on October 6, 1783 in Bordeaux. He pioneered the study of the effects of drugs on various parts of the body. In 1831, he was appointed a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the College de France.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2016-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920152918/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|dead-url=no}}","char_index":219,"name":"Encyclopedia","url":"http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":104562,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.077091-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89501953125},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2016-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920152918/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx|dead-url=no}}","char_index":219,"name":"Encyclopedia","url":"http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Francois_Magendie.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":104562,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.077091-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89501953125}]},{"text":"Ia merupakan pioner studi mengenai efek obat pada berbagai bagian tubuh. Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran College de France. François Magendie adalah seorang yang konservatif, pendiam, tidak banyak bicara, kurang banyak bergaul, berpribadi agak tertutup tetapi sangat terbuka dalam tulisan-tulisan.","translated_text":"He pioneered the study of the effects of drugs on various parts of the body. In 1831, he was appointed a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the College de France. François Magendie was a conservative, quiet, little-spoken, less sociable, somewhat private but very open in his writings.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":336,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada 1831, ia diangkat sebagai seorang profesor di Fakultas Kedokteran College de France. François Magendie adalah seorang yang konservatif, pendiam, tidak banyak bicara, kurang banyak bergaul, berpribadi agak tertutup tetapi sangat terbuka dalam tulisan-tulisan. Ia rajin menulis dalam majalah-majalah ilmiah, tetapi ia sendiri kurang menyempatkan diri untuk membaca karya orang lain, sehingga ia tidak membaca karya Charles Bell.","translated_text":"In 1831, he was appointed a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the College de France. François Magendie was a conservative, quiet, little-spoken, less sociable, somewhat private but very open in his writings. He wrote extensively in scientific journals, but he himself was less inclined to read the works of others, so he did not read the works of Charles Bell.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":431,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"François Magendie adalah seorang yang konservatif, pendiam, tidak banyak bicara, kurang banyak bergaul, berpribadi agak tertutup tetapi sangat terbuka dalam tulisan-tulisan. Ia rajin menulis dalam majalah-majalah ilmiah, tetapi ia sendiri kurang menyempatkan diri untuk membaca karya orang lain, sehingga ia tidak membaca karya Charles Bell. Ia mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 7 Oktober 1885 di Sannois.","translated_text":"François Magendie was a conservative, quiet, little-spoken, less sociable, somewhat private but very open in his writings. He wrote extensively in scientific journals, but he himself was less inclined to read the works of others, so he did not read the works of Charles Bell. He ended his career on 7 October 1885 in Sannois.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428033013/http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":417,"name":"Toxipedia","url":"http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.830788-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428033013/http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":417,"name":"Toxipedia","url":"http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Francois+Magendie","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":0,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.830788-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pemikiran lain yang terkenal datang dari sosok François Magendie yakni perbedaan-perbedaan karakter atau kepribadian antara dua sarjana yang secara terpisah menghasilkan penemuan yang sama dengan Charles Bell.","translated_text":"Another famous thought came from the figure of François Magendie: the differences in character or personality between the two scholars which separately produced the same findings as Charles Bell.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 48-50.","char_index":209,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pemikiran lain yang terkenal datang dari sosok François Magendie yakni perbedaan-perbedaan karakter atau kepribadian antara dua sarjana yang secara terpisah menghasilkan penemuan yang sama dengan Charles Bell. Ia membuktikan teori Charles Bell pada fungsi motorik akar anterior dan fungsi sensorik dari akar dorsal saraf tulang belakang yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Hukum Bell-Magendie.","translated_text":"Another famous thought came from the figure of François Magendie: the differences in character or personality between the two scholars which separately produced the same findings as Charles Bell. He proved Charles Bell's theory of the motor function of the anterior root and the sensory function of the dorsal root of the spinal nerve now known as Bell-Magendie's Law.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":387,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":387,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}]},{"text":"Pemikiran lain yang terkenal datang dari sosok François Magendie yakni perbedaan-perbedaan karakter atau kepribadian antara dua sarjana yang secara terpisah menghasilkan penemuan yang sama dengan Charles Bell. Ia membuktikan teori Charles Bell pada fungsi motorik akar anterior dan fungsi sensorik dari akar dorsal saraf tulang belakang yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Hukum Bell-Magendie. François Magendie juga menerbitkan ikhtisar yang berjudul Elementaire de physiologie, yang merupakan buku teks fisiologi pertama.","translated_text":"Another famous thought came from the figure of François Magendie: the differences in character or personality between the two scholars which separately produced the same findings as Charles Bell. He proved Charles Bell's theory of the motor function of the anterior root and the sensory function of the dorsal root of the spinal nerve now known as Bell-Magendie's Law. François Magendie also published an overview entitled Elementaire de physiologie, which was the first physiology textbook.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":517,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}]},{"text":"Ia membuktikan teori Charles Bell pada fungsi motorik akar anterior dan fungsi sensorik dari akar dorsal saraf tulang belakang yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Hukum Bell-Magendie. François Magendie juga menerbitkan ikhtisar yang berjudul Elementaire de physiologie, yang merupakan buku teks fisiologi pertama. Di dalam karya ini ia menunjukkan betapa pentingnya protein dalam diet.","translated_text":"He proved Charles Bell's theory of the motor function of the anterior root and the sensory function of the dorsal root of the spinal nerve now known as Bell-Magendie's Law. François Magendie also published an overview entitled Elementaire de physiologie, which was the first physiology textbook. In this work he demonstrates the importance of protein in the diet.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":379,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}]},{"text":"Di dalam karya ini ia menunjukkan betapa pentingnya protein dalam diet. Ringkasan -nya Fisiologi adalah yang pertama buku teks fisiologi modern, di mana ia menunjukkan pentingnya protein dalam diet.","translated_text":"In this work he demonstrates the importance of protein in the diet. Summary - his Physiology was the first modern physiology textbook, in which he pointed to the importance of protein in diet.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|title=Francois Magendie|access-date=2014-05-03|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428061723/http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":198,"name":"Marshall","url":"http://www.marshall.edu/library/speccoll/virtual_museum/hoffman/magendie.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":183344,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:42.888677-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10205078125}]}]} +{"title":"Charles Bell","wikicode":"{{Infobox scientist\n|name = Charles Bell\n|image = CharlesBell001.jpg\n|image_size = 200px\n|caption = Sir Charles Bell\n|birth_date = 12 November 1774\n|birth_place = [[Edinburgh]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1842|4|28|1774|11|12}}\n|death_place = Hallow Park, [[Worcestershire]]\n|residence =\n|citizenship =\n|nationality = [[Britania Raya|Inggris]]\n|field = [[Anatomi]]\n|work_institutions = Alhi bedah, [[Edinburgh Royal Infirmary]] (1799-)
Ahli bedah praktik, London (1804-)
Dosen utama, [[Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy]] (1812-25)
Pengajar di [[Rumah sakit Middlesex]] dan lain-lain (1812-36)
Profesor ilmu bedah, [[Universitas Edinburgh]] (1836-42)\n|alma_mater = Universitas Edinburgh\n|doctoral_advisor =\n|doctoral_students =\n|known_for = Penemu perbedaan antara [[saraf indra]] dan [[saraf motor]] dalam [[sistem saraf]]\n|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =\n|influences =\n|influenced =\n|prizes = [[Royal Medal]] (1829)\n|religion =\n|footnotes = Pengarang \"Treatise on Animal Mechanics\", \"An Essay on the Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design\"\n|signature =\n}}\n'''Sir Charles Bell''' adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal.Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48. Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf. Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan.{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html|title=Dr. Charles Bell}} Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya. Ia adalah seorang yang agak tertutup meskipun sangat bersemangat dalam melakukan penelitian-penelitiannya, sehingga ia tidak mempublikasi seluruh hasil penelitiannya. Oleh karena itu, penemuan-penemuan Bell tidak diketahui orang lain, sehingga suatu saat terdapat seorang [[Francois Magendie]] yang menemukan teori yang serupa dengan Bell.\n\n== Kehidupan dan karier ==\nCharles Bell lahir di [[Edinburgh]] pada 12 November 1774.{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}} Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di [[Universitas]] [[Edinburgh]] tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di [[London]] tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah. Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari [[Royal Society]] dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV. Ia kembali ke [[Edinburgh]] tahun 1836 dan menjadi profesor bedah di universitas tersebut, sekaligus mengabdi untuk universitas [[Edinburgh]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/U/5600/artist_name/Unknown/record_id/23732|title=Sir Charles Bell: Surgeon and Anatomist}} Charles Bell mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 28 April 1842, enam tahun setelah kembalinya ia ke [[Universitas]] [[Edinburgh]].{{Cite web|url=http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-charles-bell|title=Man of Science, Man of God: Charles Bell}}\n\n== Pemikiran ==\nAdapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik. Saraf sensorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang diperoleh dari reseptor (jaringan penerima rangsang) ke susunan saraf pusat, sedangkan saraf motorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang berasal dari susunan saraf pusat ke efektor (jaringan-jaringan penggerak pada otot-otot atau kelenjar-kelenjar). Secara skematis jalannya impuls dari reseptor ke sebuah ruas tulang belakang (columna vertebralis) dan dari ruas tulang belakang terus ke efektor dapat digambarkan sebagai tertera pada gambar di bawah.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Psikologi]]\n[[Kategori:Skotlandia]]","hash":"b254b218d9374124c2bacf379417ff1a28628898fc2dcb2519b6b4ecfab2cca9","last_revision":"2023-01-12T12:20:30Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T02:59:07Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.561600","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"تشارلز بيل (عالم)","arz":"تشارلز بيل (دكتور من المملكه المتحده لبريطانيا العظمى و ايرلاندا)","azb":"چارلز بل","bcl":"Charles Bell","be":"Чарлз Бэл (фізіёлаг)","cs":"Charles Bell","cy":"Charles Bell","de":"Charles Bell (Mediziner)","en":"Charles Bell","es":"Charles Bell","fa":"چارلز بل","fi":"Charles Bell","fr":"Charles Bell","gl":"Charles Bell","he":"צ'ארלס בל","ht":"Charles Bell","hy":"Չարլզ Բելլ","it":"Charles Bell (medico)","ja":"チャールズ・ベル (医学者)","ka":"ჩარლზ ბელი","ko":"찰스 벨","ms":"Charles Bell","nl":"Charles Bell (arts)","pl":"Charles Bell","pt":"Charles Bell","ro":"Charles Bell","ru":"Белл, Чарлз (физиолог)","sco":"Charles Bell","sv":"Charles Bell","tl":"Charles Bell","uk":"Чарлз Белл","xmf":"ჩარლზ ბელი","zh":"查尔斯·贝尔","zh-yue":"查理斯貝爾"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Sir Charles Bell adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal. Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf. Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan. Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya. Ia adalah seorang yang agak tertutup meskipun sangat bersemangat dalam melakukan penelitian-penelitiannya, sehingga ia tidak mempublikasi seluruh hasil penelitiannya. Oleh karena itu, penemuan-penemuan Bell tidak diketahui orang lain, sehingga suatu saat terdapat seorang Francois Magendie yang menemukan teori yang serupa dengan Bell.\n\nCharles Bell lahir di Edinburgh pada 12 November 1774. Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di Universitas Edinburgh tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di London tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah. Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari Royal Society dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV. Ia kembali ke Edinburgh tahun 1836 dan menjadi profesor bedah di universitas tersebut, sekaligus mengabdi untuk universitas Edinburgh. Charles Bell mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 28 April 1842, enam tahun setelah kembalinya ia ke Universitas Edinburgh.\n\nAdapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik. Saraf sensorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang diperoleh dari reseptor (jaringan penerima rangsang) ke susunan saraf pusat, sedangkan saraf motorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang berasal dari susunan saraf pusat ke efektor (jaringan-jaringan penggerak pada otot-otot atau kelenjar-kelenjar). Secara skematis jalannya impuls dari reseptor ke sebuah ruas tulang belakang (columna vertebralis) dan dari ruas tulang belakang terus ke efektor dapat digambarkan sebagai tertera pada gambar di bawah.\n\nKategori:Psikologi Kategori:Skotlandia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox scientist\n|name = Charles Bell\n|image = CharlesBell001.jpg\n|image_size = 200px\n|caption = Sir Charles Bell\n|birth_date = 12 November 1774\n|birth_place = [[Edinburgh]]\n|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1842|4|28|1774|11|12}}\n|death_place = Hallow Park, [[Worcestershire]]\n|residence =\n|citizenship =\n|nationality = [[Britania Raya|Inggris]]\n|field = [[Anatomi]]\n|work_institutions = Alhi bedah, [[Edinburgh Royal Infirmary]] (1799-)
Ahli bedah praktik, London (1804-)
Dosen utama, [[Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy]] (1812-25)
Pengajar di [[Rumah sakit Middlesex]] dan lain-lain (1812-36)
Profesor ilmu bedah, [[Universitas Edinburgh]] (1836-42)\n|alma_mater = Universitas Edinburgh\n|doctoral_advisor =\n|doctoral_students =\n|known_for = Penemu perbedaan antara [[saraf indra]] dan [[saraf motor]] dalam [[sistem saraf]]\n|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =\n|influences =\n|influenced =\n|prizes = [[Royal Medal]] (1829)\n|religion =\n|footnotes = Pengarang \"Treatise on Animal Mechanics\", \"An Essay on the Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design\"\n|signature =\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sir Charles Bell adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal.","translated_text":"Sir Charles Bell was a psychological figure known as a surgeon, anatomist and philanthropist.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":109,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf.","translated_text":"He is also known among psychological thinkers as a thinker on the arrangement of nerves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":85,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan.","translated_text":"Early works that flourished among artists were anatomical descriptions expressed in paintings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html|title=Dr. Charles Bell}}","char_index":106,"name":"UIC","url":"http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":215853,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:43.697304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya.","translated_text":"His work is devoted to teaching artists, but remains based on his anatomy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html|title=Dr. Charles Bell}}","char_index":101,"name":"UIC","url":"http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":215853,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:43.697304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia adalah seorang yang agak tertutup meskipun sangat bersemangat dalam melakukan penelitian-penelitiannya, sehingga ia tidak mempublikasi seluruh hasil penelitiannya.","translated_text":"He was somewhat closed-minded but enthusiastic about his research, so that he did not publish all of his findings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":166,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh karena itu, penemuan-penemuan Bell tidak diketahui orang lain, sehingga suatu saat terdapat seorang Francois Magendie yang menemukan teori yang serupa dengan Bell.","translated_text":"Therefore, Bell's discoveries were not known to others, so at one point there was a Francois Magendie who invented a theory similar to Bell's.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":168,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kehidupan dan karier","translated_text":"Life and career","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Charles Bell lahir di Edinburgh pada 12 November 1774.","translated_text":"Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":54,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di Universitas Edinburgh tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di London tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah.","translated_text":"Charles Bell's education began at the University of Edinburgh in 1800, after graduating from there he then continued his education by going to one of the universities in London in 1804 to teach, and there he also obtained a post as a surgeon.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":273,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari Royal Society dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV.","translated_text":"In 1829 he received an award from the Royal Society and was knighted in 1831 by King William IV.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":124,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia kembali ke Edinburgh tahun 1836 dan menjadi profesor bedah di universitas tersebut, sekaligus mengabdi untuk universitas Edinburgh.","translated_text":"He returned to Edinburgh in 1836 and became professor of surgery at the university, while also serving for the university of Edinburgh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/U/5600/artist_name/Unknown/record_id/23732|title=Sir Charles Bell: Surgeon and Anatomist}}","char_index":134,"name":"NationalGalleries","url":"http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/U/5600/artist_name/Unknown/record_id/23732","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5464,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.300093-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Charles Bell mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 28 April 1842, enam tahun setelah kembalinya ia ke Universitas Edinburgh.","translated_text":"Charles Bell ended his career and his life on 28 April 1842, six years after his return to the University of Edinburgh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-charles-bell|title=Man of Science, Man of God: Charles Bell}}","char_index":132,"name":"ICR","url":"http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-charles-bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":60334,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.370136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91845703125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemikiran","translated_text":"Thoughts","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Adapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik.","translated_text":"As for Bell-Magendie's discovery, there are two kinds of nerves in the human body: the sensory and the motor nerves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":128,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saraf sensorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang diperoleh dari reseptor (jaringan penerima rangsang) ke susunan saraf pusat, sedangkan saraf motorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang berasal dari susunan saraf pusat ke efektor (jaringan-jaringan penggerak pada otot-otot atau kelenjar-kelenjar).","translated_text":"The sensory nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from a receptor (a network of stimulus receivers) to the central nervous system, whereas the motor nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from the central nervous system to the effector (a network of motor networks in muscles or glands).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":330,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara skematis jalannya impuls dari reseptor ke sebuah ruas tulang belakang (columna vertebralis) dan dari ruas tulang belakang terus ke efektor dapat digambarkan sebagai tertera pada gambar di bawah.","translated_text":"Schematically the path of the impulse from the receptor to a spinal column (the vertebral column) and from the spinal column continuously to the effector can be described as tertera in the figure below.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":201,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Psikologi Kategori:Skotlandia","translated_text":":Psychology Category:Scotland","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Sir Charles Bell adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal.","translated_text":"Sir Charles Bell was a psychological figure known as a surgeon, anatomist and philanthropist.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":109,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sir Charles Bell adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal. Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf.","translated_text":"Sir Charles Bell was a psychological figure known as a surgeon, anatomist and philanthropist. He is also known among psychological thinkers as a thinker on the arrangement of nerves.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":195,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sir Charles Bell adalah seorang tokoh psikologi yang terkenal sebagai ahli bedah, ahli anatomi dan ilmu faal. Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf. Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan.","translated_text":"Sir Charles Bell was a psychological figure known as a surgeon, anatomist and philanthropist. He is also known among psychological thinkers as a thinker on the arrangement of nerves. Early works that flourished among artists were anatomical descriptions expressed in paintings.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html|title=Dr. Charles Bell}}","char_index":302,"name":"UIC","url":"http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":215853,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:43.697304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}]},{"text":"Ia juga dikenal di kalangan pemikir psikologi sebagai pemikir mengenai susunan saraf. Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan. Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya.","translated_text":"He is also known among psychological thinkers as a thinker on the arrangement of nerves. Early works that flourished among artists were anatomical descriptions expressed in paintings. His work is devoted to teaching artists, but remains based on his anatomy.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html|title=Dr. Charles Bell}}","char_index":294,"name":"UIC","url":"http://www.uic.edu/depts/mcne/founders/page0007.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":215853,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:43.697304-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.935546875}]},{"text":"Karya awal yang lari di kalangan seniman adalah uraian-uraian anatomi yang diekspresikan ke dalam lukisan. Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya. Ia adalah seorang yang agak tertutup meskipun sangat bersemangat dalam melakukan penelitian-penelitiannya, sehingga ia tidak mempublikasi seluruh hasil penelitiannya.","translated_text":"Early works that flourished among artists were anatomical descriptions expressed in paintings. His work is devoted to teaching artists, but remains based on his anatomy. He was somewhat closed-minded but enthusiastic about his research, so that he did not publish all of his findings.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":375,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Karyanya ini ditujukan kepada pengajaran bagi para seniman, tetapi tetap berdasarkan pada anatominya. Ia adalah seorang yang agak tertutup meskipun sangat bersemangat dalam melakukan penelitian-penelitiannya, sehingga ia tidak mempublikasi seluruh hasil penelitiannya. Oleh karena itu, penemuan-penemuan Bell tidak diketahui orang lain, sehingga suatu saat terdapat seorang Francois Magendie yang menemukan teori yang serupa dengan Bell.","translated_text":"His work is devoted to teaching artists, but remains based on his anatomy. He was somewhat closed-minded but enthusiastic about his research, so that he did not publish all of his findings. Therefore, Bell's discoveries were not known to others, so at one point there was a Francois Magendie who invented a theory similar to Bell's.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":437,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Charles Bell lahir di Edinburgh pada 12 November 1774.","translated_text":"Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":54,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}]},{"text":"Charles Bell lahir di Edinburgh pada 12 November 1774. Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di Universitas Edinburgh tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di London tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah.","translated_text":"Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774. Charles Bell's education began at the University of Edinburgh in 1800, after graduating from there he then continued his education by going to one of the universities in London in 1804 to teach, and there he also obtained a post as a surgeon.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":328,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}]},{"text":"Charles Bell lahir di Edinburgh pada 12 November 1774. Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di Universitas Edinburgh tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di London tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah. Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari Royal Society dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV.","translated_text":"Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774. Charles Bell's education began at the University of Edinburgh in 1800, after graduating from there he then continued his education by going to one of the universities in London in 1804 to teach, and there he also obtained a post as a surgeon. In 1829 he received an award from the Royal Society and was knighted in 1831 by King William IV.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell|title=Sir Charles Bell}}","char_index":453,"name":"Britannica","url":"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/59586/Sir-Charles-Bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":72099,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:44.909781-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.78759765625}]},{"text":"Pendidikan Charles Bell diawali di Universitas Edinburgh tahun 1800, setelah lulus dari sana ia kemudian melanjutkan pendidikannya dengan pergi ke salah satu universitas di London tahun 1804 untuk mengajar, dan di situ pula ia memperoleh jabatan sebagai seorang ahli bedah. Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari Royal Society dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV. Ia kembali ke Edinburgh tahun 1836 dan menjadi profesor bedah di universitas tersebut, sekaligus mengabdi untuk universitas Edinburgh.","translated_text":"Charles Bell's education began at the University of Edinburgh in 1800, after graduating from there he then continued his education by going to one of the universities in London in 1804 to teach, and there he also obtained a post as a surgeon. In 1829 he received an award from the Royal Society and was knighted in 1831 by King William IV. He returned to Edinburgh in 1836 and became professor of surgery at the university, while also serving for the university of Edinburgh.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/U/5600/artist_name/Unknown/record_id/23732|title=Sir Charles Bell: Surgeon and Anatomist}}","char_index":533,"name":"NationalGalleries","url":"http://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/U/5600/artist_name/Unknown/record_id/23732","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5464,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.300093-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1829 ia memperoleh penghargaan dari Royal Society dan memperoleh gelar bangsawan tahun 1831 dari Raja William IV. Ia kembali ke Edinburgh tahun 1836 dan menjadi profesor bedah di universitas tersebut, sekaligus mengabdi untuk universitas Edinburgh. Charles Bell mengakhiri karier sekaligus kehidupannya pada 28 April 1842, enam tahun setelah kembalinya ia ke Universitas Edinburgh.","translated_text":"In 1829 he received an award from the Royal Society and was knighted in 1831 by King William IV. He returned to Edinburgh in 1836 and became professor of surgery at the university, while also serving for the university of Edinburgh. Charles Bell ended his career and his life on 28 April 1842, six years after his return to the University of Edinburgh.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-charles-bell|title=Man of Science, Man of God: Charles Bell}}","char_index":392,"name":"ICR","url":"http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-charles-bell","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":60334,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.370136-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91845703125}]},{"text":"Adapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik.","translated_text":"As for Bell-Magendie's discovery, there are two kinds of nerves in the human body: the sensory and the motor nerves.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":128,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik. Saraf sensorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang diperoleh dari reseptor (jaringan penerima rangsang) ke susunan saraf pusat, sedangkan saraf motorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang berasal dari susunan saraf pusat ke efektor (jaringan-jaringan penggerak pada otot-otot atau kelenjar-kelenjar).","translated_text":"As for Bell-Magendie's discovery, there are two kinds of nerves in the human body: the sensory and the motor nerves. The sensory nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from a receptor (a network of stimulus receivers) to the central nervous system, whereas the motor nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from the central nervous system to the effector (a network of motor networks in muscles or glands).","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":459,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Adapun penemuan Bell-Magendie adalah bahwa dalam tubuh manusia terdapat dua macam saraf, yakni saraf sensorik dan saraf motorik. Saraf sensorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang diperoleh dari reseptor (jaringan penerima rangsang) ke susunan saraf pusat, sedangkan saraf motorik adalah saraf yang menghantarkan impuls-impuls yang berasal dari susunan saraf pusat ke efektor (jaringan-jaringan penggerak pada otot-otot atau kelenjar-kelenjar). Secara skematis jalannya impuls dari reseptor ke sebuah ruas tulang belakang (columna vertebralis) dan dari ruas tulang belakang terus ke efektor dapat digambarkan sebagai tertera pada gambar di bawah.","translated_text":"As for Bell-Magendie's discovery, there are two kinds of nerves in the human body: the sensory and the motor nerves. The sensory nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from a receptor (a network of stimulus receivers) to the central nervous system, whereas the motor nerve is a nerve that carries impulses derived from the central nervous system to the effector (a network of motor networks in muscles or glands). Schematically the path of the impulse from the receptor to a spinal column (the vertebral column) and from the spinal column continuously to the effector can be described as tertera in the figure below.","citations":[{"content":"Sarwono, Sarlito. 2010. Berkenalan dengan Aliran-aliran dan Tokoh-tokoh Psikologi. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang. Hal 47-48.","char_index":661,"name":"Sarwono","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Kekristenan di Uzbekistan","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent 14-03.JPG|jmpl|Katedral Hati Kudus, Tashkent (Katolik Roma)]]\n[[Berkas:Orthodox church in Samarkand 19-49.JPG|jmpl|Sebuah Gereja Ortodoks Russia di [[Samarkand]]]]\n[[Berkas:St. Alexander Nevsky Orthodox church in Tashkent 16-20.JPG|jmpl|[[Katedral Alexander Nevsky]], [[Tashkent]]]]\n'''Kekristenan di Uzbekistan''' adalah agama minoritas, hanya 5% dari total populasi. Sebelum kedatangan Islam, Uzbekistan memiliki komunitas yang cukup besar dari golongan [[Kekristenan Timur|Kristen Timur]], termasuk [[Nestorian]] dan [[Yakobin]]. Mulanya ditoleransi oleh para penguasa Muslim, tetapi mereka berada di bawah meningkatnya penganiayaan dan tekanan untuk pindah keyakinan. Sekitar tahun 1400, [[Tamerlane]] terlibat dalam kampanye sengit untuk memusnahkan kekristenan dalam kerajaannya. Gereja-gereja Kristen terakhir di Samarkand dan [[Asia Tengah]] dihancurkan oleh cucunya, [[Ulugh Beg]].Dickens, Mark \"Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia. p. 17\n\nKekristenan kembali ke daerah tersebut setelah penaklukan Rusia pada tahun 1867, ketika gereja-gereja Ortodoks Rusia dibangun di kota-kota besar, untuk melayani pemukim Rusia dan Eropa dan perwira.\n\nMenurut Departemen Luar Negeri AS yang drilis pada tahun 2009, sekitar 5% dari populasi Uzbekistan adalah Kristen Ortodoks, yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia.http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm Ada sekitar 4.000 Katolik Roma di Uzbekistan. Paroki baru tidak bisa mendaftarkan diri di pemerintah. Pada tahun 2006, undang-undang mengatur bahwa mencetak buku-buku agama dapat dihukum selama tiga tahun penjara. Pemerintah menjalankan penganiayaan besar-besaran terhadap orang-orang Kristen. Ada tekanan kuat pada orang-orang Kristen dari latar belakang Muslim di daerah terpencil. Uzbekistan termasuk ke dalam daftar negara-negara yang menjadi perhatian khusus dari Departemen Luar Negeri [[Amerika Serikat]].\n\n== Protestan ==\nProtestan memiliki kurang dari satu persen dari populasi. Gereja [[Gereja Lutheran|Lutheran]] Injili di Uzbekistan memiliki tujuh paroki. Kursi keuskupan berada di [[Tashkent]]. Presiden sinode adalah Gilda Razpopova.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Uzbekistan]]","hash":"e53e136f5da0aa100b7ca6c4147536328df4ac82a4a687d51a1a3007fea17998","last_revision":"2023-09-10T23:12:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:15:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.621251","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المسيحية في أوزبكستان","de":"Christentum in Usbekistan","en":"Christianity in Uzbekistan","fa":"مسیحیت در ازبکستان","fr":"Christianisme en Ouzbékistan","it":"Cristianesimo in Uzbekistan","ja":"ウズベキスタンのキリスト教","ko":"우즈베키스탄의 기독교","ru":"Христианство в Узбекистане","uz":"Oʻzbekistonda xristianlik"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Kekristenan di Uzbekistan adalah agama minoritas, hanya 5% dari total populasi. Sebelum kedatangan Islam, Uzbekistan memiliki komunitas yang cukup besar dari golongan Kristen Timur, termasuk Nestorian dan Yakobin. Mulanya ditoleransi oleh para penguasa Muslim, tetapi mereka berada di bawah meningkatnya penganiayaan dan tekanan untuk pindah keyakinan. Sekitar tahun 1400, Tamerlane terlibat dalam kampanye sengit untuk memusnahkan kekristenan dalam kerajaannya. Gereja-gereja Kristen terakhir di Samarkand dan Asia Tengah dihancurkan oleh cucunya, Ulugh Beg.\n\nKekristenan kembali ke daerah tersebut setelah penaklukan Rusia pada tahun 1867, ketika gereja-gereja Ortodoks Rusia dibangun di kota-kota besar, untuk melayani pemukim Rusia dan Eropa dan perwira.\n\nMenurut Departemen Luar Negeri AS yang drilis pada tahun 2009, sekitar 5% dari populasi Uzbekistan adalah Kristen Ortodoks, yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia. Ada sekitar 4.000 Katolik Roma di Uzbekistan. Paroki baru tidak bisa mendaftarkan diri di pemerintah. Pada tahun 2006, undang-undang mengatur bahwa mencetak buku-buku agama dapat dihukum selama tiga tahun penjara. Pemerintah menjalankan penganiayaan besar-besaran terhadap orang-orang Kristen. Ada tekanan kuat pada orang-orang Kristen dari latar belakang Muslim di daerah terpencil. Uzbekistan termasuk ke dalam daftar negara-negara yang menjadi perhatian khusus dari Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat.\n\nProtestan memiliki kurang dari satu persen dari populasi. Gereja Lutheran Injili di Uzbekistan memiliki tujuh paroki. Kursi keuskupan berada di Tashkent. Presiden sinode adalah Gilda Razpopova.\n\nUzbekistan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan di Uzbekistan adalah agama minoritas, hanya 5% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"Christianity in Uzbekistan is a minority religion, representing only 5% of the total population.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum kedatangan Islam, Uzbekistan memiliki komunitas yang cukup besar dari golongan Kristen Timur, termasuk Nestorian dan Yakobin.","translated_text":"Before the arrival of Islam, Uzbekistan had a sizable community of Eastern Christians, including Nestorians and Jacobins.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mulanya ditoleransi oleh para penguasa Muslim, tetapi mereka berada di bawah meningkatnya penganiayaan dan tekanan untuk pindah keyakinan.","translated_text":"Initially tolerated by Muslim rulers, they were under increasing persecution and pressure to convert.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar tahun 1400, Tamerlane terlibat dalam kampanye sengit untuk memusnahkan kekristenan dalam kerajaannya.","translated_text":"Around 1400, Tamerlane was engaged in a vigorous campaign to destroy Christianity in his kingdom.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja","translated_text":"The Church","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-gereja Kristen terakhir di Samarkand dan Asia Tengah dihancurkan oleh cucunya, Ulugh Beg.","translated_text":"The last Christian church in Samarkand and Central Asia was destroyed by his grandson, Ulugh Beg.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Dickens, Mark \"Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia. p. 17","char_index":90,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan kembali ke daerah tersebut setelah penaklukan Rusia pada tahun 1867, ketika gereja-gereja Ortodoks Rusia dibangun di kota-kota besar, untuk melayani pemukim Rusia dan Eropa dan perwira.","translated_text":"Christianity returned to the area after the Russian conquest in 1867, when Russian Orthodox churches were built in major cities, to serve Russian and European settlers and officers.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Departemen Luar Negeri AS yang drilis pada tahun 2009, sekitar 5% dari populasi Uzbekistan adalah Kristen Ortodoks, yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia.","translated_text":"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department study, about 5% of Uzbekistan's population are Orthodox Christians, most of whom are ethnic Russians.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm","char_index":159,"name":null,"url":"http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":188871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.836693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (38 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada sekitar 4.000 Katolik Roma di Uzbekistan.","translated_text":"There are about 4,000 Roman Catholics in Uzbekistan.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paroki baru tidak bisa mendaftarkan diri di pemerintah.","translated_text":"The new parish can't register with the government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2006, undang-undang mengatur bahwa mencetak buku-buku agama dapat dihukum selama tiga tahun penjara.","translated_text":"In 2006, a law stipulated that printing religious books could be punishable by up to three years in prison.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintah menjalankan penganiayaan besar-besaran terhadap orang-orang Kristen.","translated_text":"Governments persecuted Christians extensively.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada tekanan kuat pada orang-orang Kristen dari latar belakang Muslim di daerah terpencil.","translated_text":"There is strong pressure on Christians from Muslim backgrounds in remote areas.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Uzbekistan termasuk ke dalam daftar negara-negara yang menjadi perhatian khusus dari Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat.","translated_text":"Uzbekistan is included in the list of countries of special concern of the United States Department of State.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Protestan","translated_text":"Protestants","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Protestan memiliki kurang dari satu persen dari populasi.","translated_text":"Protestants have less than one percent of the population.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja Lutheran Injili di Uzbekistan memiliki tujuh paroki.","translated_text":"The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Uzbekistan has seven parishes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kursi keuskupan berada di Tashkent.","translated_text":"The seat of the diocese is in Tashkent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Presiden sinode adalah Gilda Razpopova.","translated_text":"The president of the synod is Gilda Razpopova.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Uzbekistan","translated_text":"The Republic of Uzbekistan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Sekitar tahun 1400, Tamerlane terlibat dalam kampanye sengit untuk memusnahkan kekristenan dalam kerajaannya. Gereja -gereja Kristen terakhir di Samarkand dan Asia Tengah dihancurkan oleh cucunya, Ulugh Beg.","translated_text":"Around 1400, Tamerlane was engaged in a vigorous campaign to destroy Christianity in his kingdom. The Church The last Christian church in Samarkand and Central Asia was destroyed by his grandson, Ulugh Beg.","citations":[{"content":"Dickens, Mark \"Nestorian Christianity in Central Asia. p. 17","char_index":207,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Departemen Luar Negeri AS yang drilis pada tahun 2009, sekitar 5% dari populasi Uzbekistan adalah Kristen Ortodoks, yang kebanyakan adalah etnis Rusia.","translated_text":"According to a 2009 U.S. State Department study, about 5% of Uzbekistan's population are Orthodox Christians, most of whom are ethnic Russians.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm","char_index":159,"name":null,"url":"http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2924.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":188871,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:45.836693-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (38 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Seni kriya (wayang kulit)","wikicode":"'''Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit''' adalah seni pembuatan [[bentuk]] dan [[karakter]] [[tokoh]] wayang kulit. {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya. {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa. Kesenian bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan [[representasi]] [[simbolis]] dari keadaan batin manusia. {{cite book|title=Estetika Pedalangan|author=Soetarno, dkk|publisher=ISI Surakarta|year=2007|location=Surakarta|ISBN=979-8217-59-4|page=13}} Seni kriya menjadi salah satu [[media]] representasi ini. Wayang penuh dengan makna dan simbol yang membuat seni kriya menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan. {{cite book|title=Sejarah Wayang|author=Amir Mertosedono|publisher=Dahara Prize|year=1986|location=Semarang}} Seni kriya memperhatikan setiap bagian seorang tokoh wayang mulai dari wajah, perlengkapan, pakaian, dan bagian-bagian tubuh wayang itu. {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Junaidi|publisher=Arindo Nusa Media|year=2011|location=Magelang|ISBN=978-979-18269-8-3|page=xxvii-xxxix}} \n[[Berkas:Gathotkaca-paraga.png|jmpl|200px|ka|Seni kriya memperhatikan setiap bagian wayang sampai sudut terkecil]]\n== Bentuk-bentuk seni kriya ==\nSeni kriya memiliki tiga macam bentuk yaitu: \n=== Wayang seni ===\nWayang seni adalah wayang yang dibuat pertama-tama demi nilai [[seni]]. Wayang seni membutuhkan seni kriya yang rumit karena menuntut hasil karya yang bernilai seni tinggi. Baik [[tatahan]] atau pahatan maupun pewarnaannya memerlukan ketelitian. Setiap millimeter kulit yang digarap diberi pewarnaan yang rumit dan halus.\n\n=== Wayang pedalangan ===\nWayang pedalangan adalah wayang yang dibuat demi kepentingan [[pentas]] pertunjukan wayang. Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan tidak serumit untuk wayang seni. Yang paling penting adalah batas-batas [[busana]] masih dapat dinikmati keindahannya jika dilihat dari jarak lima meter. Ukuran kehalusan seni kriya untuk membuat wayang pedalangan didasarkan pada kebutuhan pementasan.\n=== Wayang pasaran ===\nWayang pasaran merupakan wayang yang dijual di pasar maupun pinggir jalan. Wayang pasaran dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat pencinta wayang secara umum. Seni kriya untuk wayang pasaran tidak memerlukan ketelitian seperti untuk membuat wayang seni atau pedalangan. Bentuk dan polanya yang penting memenuhi [[kriteria]] standar seorang tokoh wayang.\n\nSeni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan dan pasaran dapat didapatkan di toko-toko ataupun galeri seni. Namun, untuk wayang seni biasanya hanya tersedia di pengrajin wayang seni dan perlu waktu untuk memesannya.\n\n== Bahan dan perlengkapan ==\n=== Bahan ===\nBahan [[pokok]] untuk membuat wayang adalah kulit [[kerbau]]. Kulit [[sapi]] dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku namun tidak sebaik kulit kerbau, karena kulit sapi lebih [[lentur]]. Proses dimulai dengan pembersihan dan pengeringan kulit kerbau. Hasil dari proses ini adalah lembaran-lembarahan kulit. Kulit kerbau yang masih muda akan lebih baik mutunya daripada kulit kebau yang sudah tua. Kulit kerbau muda akan lebih mudah ditatah. Kulit kerbau yang punya penyakit kurap lebih baik mutunya karena memiliki kadar lemak yang rendah. Perajin-perajin kulit mentah banyak dijumpai di daerah [[pengrajin]] wayang.\n\n=== Perlengkapan ===\n* Tatah\nTatah atau [[pahat]] yang digunakan untuk menatah wayang kulit adalah tatah-tatah kecil yang berjumlah 20-25 buah. Ada dua macam tatah yang digunakan yaitu tatah kuku dan tatah lantas. Tatah [[kuku]] berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah [[lantas]] berbentuk datar.\n* Ganden\nGanden adalah semacam [[palu]] besar yang terbuat dari kayu keras. Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit.\n* Malam atau lilin\nMalam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah.\n* Jangka\nJangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat. Misalnya untuk membuat pola [[gelung supit urang]].\n* Penggaris\nPenggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang.\n* Batu asahan dan Air\nBatu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul. Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah.\n* Penindih\nPenindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya. Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah.\n* Pandukan\nPandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang.\n* Paku corekan\nPaku corekan digunakan untuk membuat pola pada wayang. Caranya adalah dengan menggoreskannya pada wayang.\n== Rujukan ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Wayang]]\n[[Kategori:Budaya]]\n[[Kategori:Seni kriya]]\n[[Kategori:Kesenian Jawa]]","hash":"88ce7488de59647fa846c2b3a493b47e5af38cfb6677dd08a4c16bd5fbea6f46","last_revision":"2022-09-27T03:46:15Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:16:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.691064","cross_lingual_links":{"jv":"Seni kriya"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit adalah seni pembuatan bentuk dan karakter tokoh wayang kulit. Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya. Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa. Kesenian bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan representasi simbolis dari keadaan batin manusia. Seni kriya menjadi salah satu media representasi ini. Wayang penuh dengan makna dan simbol yang membuat seni kriya menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan. Seni kriya memperhatikan setiap bagian seorang tokoh wayang mulai dari wajah, perlengkapan, pakaian, dan bagian-bagian tubuh wayang itu.\n\nSeni kriya memiliki tiga macam bentuk yaitu:\n\nWayang seni adalah wayang yang dibuat pertama-tama demi nilai seni. Wayang seni membutuhkan seni kriya yang rumit karena menuntut hasil karya yang bernilai seni tinggi. Baik tatahan atau pahatan maupun pewarnaannya memerlukan ketelitian. Setiap millimeter kulit yang digarap diberi pewarnaan yang rumit dan halus.\n\nWayang pedalangan adalah wayang yang dibuat demi kepentingan pentas pertunjukan wayang. Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan tidak serumit untuk wayang seni. Yang paling penting adalah batas-batas busana masih dapat dinikmati keindahannya jika dilihat dari jarak lima meter. Ukuran kehalusan seni kriya untuk membuat wayang pedalangan didasarkan pada kebutuhan pementasan.\n\nWayang pasaran merupakan wayang yang dijual di pasar maupun pinggir jalan. Wayang pasaran dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat pencinta wayang secara umum. Seni kriya untuk wayang pasaran tidak memerlukan ketelitian seperti untuk membuat wayang seni atau pedalangan. Bentuk dan polanya yang penting memenuhi kriteria standar seorang tokoh wayang.\n\nSeni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan dan pasaran dapat didapatkan di toko-toko ataupun galeri seni. Namun, untuk wayang seni biasanya hanya tersedia di pengrajin wayang seni dan perlu waktu untuk memesannya.\n\nBahan pokok untuk membuat wayang adalah kulit kerbau. Kulit sapi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku namun tidak sebaik kulit kerbau, karena kulit sapi lebih lentur. Proses dimulai dengan pembersihan dan pengeringan kulit kerbau. Hasil dari proses ini adalah lembaran-lembarahan kulit. Kulit kerbau yang masih muda akan lebih baik mutunya daripada kulit kebau yang sudah tua. Kulit kerbau muda akan lebih mudah ditatah. Kulit kerbau yang punya penyakit kurap lebih baik mutunya karena memiliki kadar lemak yang rendah. Perajin-perajin kulit mentah banyak dijumpai di daerah pengrajin wayang.\n\nTatah Tatah atau pahat yang digunakan untuk menatah wayang kulit adalah tatah-tatah kecil yang berjumlah 20-25 buah. Ada dua macam tatah yang digunakan yaitu tatah kuku dan tatah lantas. Tatah kuku berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah lantas berbentuk datar. Ganden Ganden adalah semacam palu besar yang terbuat dari kayu keras. Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit. Malam atau lilin Malam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah. Jangka Jangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat. Misalnya untuk membuat pola gelung supit urang. Penggaris Penggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang. Batu asahan dan Air Batu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul. Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah. Penindih Penindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya. Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah. Pandukan Pandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang. Paku corekan Paku corekan digunakan untuk membuat pola pada wayang. Caranya adalah dengan menggoreskannya pada wayang.\n\nKategori:Wayang Kategori:Budaya Kategori:Seni kriya Kategori:Kesenian Jawa\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit adalah seni pembuatan bentuk dan karakter tokoh wayang kulit.","translated_text":"The art of crafting in leather dolls is the art of making shapes and characters of leather dolls.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":91,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya.","translated_text":"The art of crafting became important in wayang because the character and characters of the wayang characters were determined by the characteristics of the detail of their form and face.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":127,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":127,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya.","translated_text":"In its development the form and firmness of the characters of the play underwent changes according to its time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":92,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa.","translated_text":"As in theatrical performances, the art of creativity also contains philosophy and images of the soul.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":95,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. 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Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":69,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tatah kuku berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah lantas berbentuk datar.","translated_text":"The nails are shaped like nails, while the nails are flat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. 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Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":69,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit.","translated_text":"Glands are used to hit the scales so they can penetrate the skin.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":63,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Malam atau lilin Malam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah.","translated_text":"Night candles or night candles are occasionally applied to a plank to make the plank smooth and easier to use for planking.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":129,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jangka Jangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat.","translated_text":"Term Term is used to create a circular pattern.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":59,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Misalnya untuk membuat pola gelung supit urang.","translated_text":"For example, to make a pattern of people's silk loops.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":47,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penggaris Penggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang.","translated_text":"Strippers Strippers are used to create patterns in a straight line, such as the hand of a doll.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":86,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Batu asahan dan Air Batu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul.","translated_text":"Stone-washing and water-washing are used to sharpen the slabs when the slabs begin to blur.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":97,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah.","translated_text":"Water is used to sharpen the system.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":36,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penindih Penindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya.","translated_text":"Pressure Pressure is usually a piece of iron or other heavy material.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":73,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah.","translated_text":"The function is to keep the film from shifting in time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":65,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pandukan Pandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang.","translated_text":"Pandukan is a large piece of wood that is used as a foundation when placing a wayang.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":102,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Paku corekan Paku corekan digunakan untuk membuat pola pada wayang.","translated_text":"Scratch nails Scratch nails are used to make patterns in the movie.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":67,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Caranya adalah dengan menggoreskannya pada wayang.","translated_text":"The way is to scratch it on a movie.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":50,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Wayang Kategori:Budaya Kategori:Seni kriya Kategori:Kesenian Jawa","translated_text":"Categories:Culture and culture Categories:Culture and art","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit adalah seni pembuatan bentuk dan karakter tokoh wayang kulit.","translated_text":"The art of crafting in leather dolls is the art of making shapes and characters of leather dolls.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":91,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit adalah seni pembuatan bentuk dan karakter tokoh wayang kulit. Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya.","translated_text":"The art of crafting in leather dolls is the art of making shapes and characters of leather dolls. The art of crafting became important in wayang because the character and characters of the wayang characters were determined by the characteristics of the detail of their form and face.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":219,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":219,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya dalam wayang kulit adalah seni pembuatan bentuk dan karakter tokoh wayang kulit. Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya. Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya.","translated_text":"The art of crafting in leather dolls is the art of making shapes and characters of leather dolls. The art of crafting became important in wayang because the character and characters of the wayang characters were determined by the characteristics of the detail of their form and face. In its development the form and firmness of the characters of the play underwent changes according to its time.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":312,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya menjadi penting dalam wayang karena watak dan karakter tokoh wayang ditentukan oleh ciri detail bentuk dan wajahnya. Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa.","translated_text":"The art of crafting became important in wayang because the character and characters of the wayang characters were determined by the characteristics of the detail of their form and face. In its development the form and firmness of the characters of the play underwent changes according to its time. As in theatrical performances, the art of creativity also contains philosophy and images of the soul.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Sri Mulyono|publisher=Gunung Agung|location=Jakarta|year=1978}} ","char_index":316,"name":"sri","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":316,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam perkembangannya bentuk dan pewatakan tokoh wayang mengalami perubahan sesuai jamannya. Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa. Kesenian bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan representasi simbolis dari keadaan batin manusia.","translated_text":"In its development the form and firmness of the characters of the play underwent changes according to its time. As in theatrical performances, the art of creativity also contains philosophy and images of the soul. Art for the Javanese people is a symbolic representation of the inner state of man.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Estetika Pedalangan|author=Soetarno, dkk|publisher=ISI Surakarta|year=2007|location=Surakarta|ISBN=979-8217-59-4|page=13}} ","char_index":278,"name":"isi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seperti halnya dalam pertunjukan wayang, seni kriya juga mengandung filsafat dan gambaran jiwa. Kesenian bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan representasi simbolis dari keadaan batin manusia. Seni kriya menjadi salah satu media representasi ini.","translated_text":"As in theatrical performances, the art of creativity also contains philosophy and images of the soul. Art for the Javanese people is a symbolic representation of the inner state of man. Creativity became one of these media of representation.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Estetika Pedalangan|author=Soetarno, dkk|publisher=ISI Surakarta|year=2007|location=Surakarta|ISBN=979-8217-59-4|page=13}} ","char_index":239,"name":"isi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kesenian bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan representasi simbolis dari keadaan batin manusia. Seni kriya menjadi salah satu media representasi ini. Wayang penuh dengan makna dan simbol yang membuat seni kriya menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan.","translated_text":"Art for the Javanese people is a symbolic representation of the inner state of man. Creativity became one of these media of representation. The images are full of meaning and symbols that make the craft worth noticing.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Sejarah Wayang|author=Amir Mertosedono|publisher=Dahara Prize|year=1986|location=Semarang}} ","char_index":240,"name":"merto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya menjadi salah satu media representasi ini. Wayang penuh dengan makna dan simbol yang membuat seni kriya menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan. Seni kriya memperhatikan setiap bagian seorang tokoh wayang mulai dari wajah, perlengkapan, pakaian, dan bagian-bagian tubuh wayang itu.","translated_text":"Creativity became one of these media of representation. The images are full of meaning and symbols that make the craft worth noticing. The art of craftsmanship takes into account every part of a playwright's character from the face, equipment, clothing, and body parts of the playwright.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Wayang|author=Junaidi|publisher=Arindo Nusa Media|year=2011|location=Magelang|ISBN=978-979-18269-8-3|page=xxvii-xxxix}} ","char_index":287,"name":"junaidi","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya memiliki tiga macam bentuk yaitu:","translated_text":"The art of craft has three forms:","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":44,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pedalangan adalah wayang yang dibuat demi kepentingan pentas pertunjukan wayang.","translated_text":"A pedestrian play is a play created for the benefit of the stage of a play.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":87,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pedalangan adalah wayang yang dibuat demi kepentingan pentas pertunjukan wayang. Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan tidak serumit untuk wayang seni.","translated_text":"A pedestrian play is a play created for the benefit of the stage of a play. Craftsmanship for adventure plays is not complicated for art plays.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":155,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pedalangan adalah wayang yang dibuat demi kepentingan pentas pertunjukan wayang. Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan tidak serumit untuk wayang seni. Yang paling penting adalah batas-batas busana masih dapat dinikmati keindahannya jika dilihat dari jarak lima meter.","translated_text":"A pedestrian play is a play created for the benefit of the stage of a play. Craftsmanship for adventure plays is not complicated for art plays. Most importantly, the borders of fashion can still be enjoyed from a distance of five meters.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":272,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan tidak serumit untuk wayang seni. Yang paling penting adalah batas-batas busana masih dapat dinikmati keindahannya jika dilihat dari jarak lima meter. Ukuran kehalusan seni kriya untuk membuat wayang pedalangan didasarkan pada kebutuhan pementasan.","translated_text":"Craftsmanship for adventure plays is not complicated for art plays. Most importantly, the borders of fashion can still be enjoyed from a distance of five meters. The scale of the artistic subtlety to make a pedantic play is based on the needs of the stage.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":282,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pasaran merupakan wayang yang dijual di pasar maupun pinggir jalan.","translated_text":"Market plays are plays that are sold in markets or on the roadside.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":74,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pasaran merupakan wayang yang dijual di pasar maupun pinggir jalan. Wayang pasaran dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat pencinta wayang secara umum.","translated_text":"Market plays are plays that are sold in markets or on the roadside. Marketplaces were created to meet the needs of the film-loving community in general.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":161,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pasaran merupakan wayang yang dijual di pasar maupun pinggir jalan. Wayang pasaran dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat pencinta wayang secara umum. Seni kriya untuk wayang pasaran tidak memerlukan ketelitian seperti untuk membuat wayang seni atau pedalangan.","translated_text":"Market plays are plays that are sold in markets or on the roadside. Marketplaces were created to meet the needs of the film-loving community in general. Craftsmanship for marketplaces does not require as much precision as for making artworks or campaigns.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":272,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Wayang pasaran dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat pencinta wayang secara umum. Seni kriya untuk wayang pasaran tidak memerlukan ketelitian seperti untuk membuat wayang seni atau pedalangan. Bentuk dan polanya yang penting memenuhi kriteria standar seorang tokoh wayang.","translated_text":"Marketplaces were created to meet the needs of the film-loving community in general. Craftsmanship for marketplaces does not require as much precision as for making artworks or campaigns. Its important shape and pattern meet the standard criteria of a playwright.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":277,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan dan pasaran dapat didapatkan di toko-toko ataupun galeri seni.","translated_text":"Craft art for the pedantic and marketplace can be found in shops or art galleries.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":97,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Seni kriya untuk wayang pedalangan dan pasaran dapat didapatkan di toko-toko ataupun galeri seni. Namun, untuk wayang seni biasanya hanya tersedia di pengrajin wayang seni dan perlu waktu untuk memesannya.","translated_text":"Craft art for the pedantic and marketplace can be found in shops or art galleries. However, for artwork, it is usually only available at artwork craftsmen and takes time to order.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":205,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahan pokok untuk membuat wayang adalah kulit kerbau.","translated_text":"The main ingredient for making the doll is buffalo skin.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":53,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahan pokok untuk membuat wayang adalah kulit kerbau. Kulit sapi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku namun tidak sebaik kulit kerbau, karena kulit sapi lebih lentur.","translated_text":"The main ingredient for making the doll is buffalo skin. Cows' skins can be used as raw materials but not as well as buffalo skins, as cows' skins are more flexible.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":164,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Bahan pokok untuk membuat wayang adalah kulit kerbau. Kulit sapi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku namun tidak sebaik kulit kerbau, karena kulit sapi lebih lentur. Proses dimulai dengan pembersihan dan pengeringan kulit kerbau.","translated_text":"The main ingredient for making the doll is buffalo skin. Cows' skins can be used as raw materials but not as well as buffalo skins, as cows' skins are more flexible. The process begins with cleansing and drying the buffalo's skin.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":228,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kulit sapi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku namun tidak sebaik kulit kerbau, karena kulit sapi lebih lentur. Proses dimulai dengan pembersihan dan pengeringan kulit kerbau. Hasil dari proses ini adalah lembaran-lembarahan kulit.","translated_text":"Cows' skins can be used as raw materials but not as well as buffalo skins, as cows' skins are more flexible. The process begins with cleansing and drying the buffalo's skin. The result of this process is layers of skin.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":230,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Proses dimulai dengan pembersihan dan pengeringan kulit kerbau. Hasil dari proses ini adalah lembaran-lembarahan kulit. Kulit kerbau yang masih muda akan lebih baik mutunya daripada kulit kebau yang sudah tua.","translated_text":"The process begins with cleansing and drying the buffalo's skin. The result of this process is layers of skin. The skin of a young buffalo will be better than that of an old buffalo.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":209,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hasil dari proses ini adalah lembaran-lembarahan kulit. Kulit kerbau yang masih muda akan lebih baik mutunya daripada kulit kebau yang sudah tua. Kulit kerbau muda akan lebih mudah ditatah.","translated_text":"The result of this process is layers of skin. The skin of a young buffalo will be better than that of an old buffalo. The young buffalo's skin will be easier to straighten.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":189,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kulit kerbau yang masih muda akan lebih baik mutunya daripada kulit kebau yang sudah tua. Kulit kerbau muda akan lebih mudah ditatah. Kulit kerbau yang punya penyakit kurap lebih baik mutunya karena memiliki kadar lemak yang rendah.","translated_text":"The skin of a young buffalo will be better than that of an old buffalo. The young buffalo's skin will be easier to straighten. A buffalo's skin is better than a mutt's because it's low in fat.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":232,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kulit kerbau yang punya penyakit kurap lebih baik mutunya karena memiliki kadar lemak yang rendah. Perajin -perajin kulit mentah banyak dijumpai di daerah pengrajin wayang.","translated_text":"A buffalo's skin is better than a mutt's because it's low in fat. The maid. - Raw leather craftsmen are common in the craftsmen's area.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":172,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tatah Tatah atau pahat yang digunakan untuk menatah wayang kulit adalah tatah-tatah kecil yang berjumlah 20-25 buah.","translated_text":"The patterns or sculptures used for sewing leather dolls are small patterns of 20 to 25 pieces.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":116,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tatah Tatah atau pahat yang digunakan untuk menatah wayang kulit adalah tatah-tatah kecil yang berjumlah 20-25 buah. Ada dua macam tatah yang digunakan yaitu tatah kuku dan tatah lantas.","translated_text":"The patterns or sculptures used for sewing leather dolls are small patterns of 20 to 25 pieces. There are two types of patterns used: nail patterns and then patterns.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":186,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tatah Tatah atau pahat yang digunakan untuk menatah wayang kulit adalah tatah-tatah kecil yang berjumlah 20-25 buah. Ada dua macam tatah yang digunakan yaitu tatah kuku dan tatah lantas. Tatah kuku berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah lantas berbentuk datar.","translated_text":"The patterns or sculptures used for sewing leather dolls are small patterns of 20 to 25 pieces. There are two types of patterns used: nail patterns and then patterns. The nails are shaped like nails, while the nails are flat.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":261,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ada dua macam tatah yang digunakan yaitu tatah kuku dan tatah lantas. Tatah kuku berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah lantas berbentuk datar. Ganden Ganden adalah semacam palu besar yang terbuat dari kayu keras.","translated_text":"There are two types of patterns used: nail patterns and then patterns. The nails are shaped like nails, while the nails are flat. Ganden Ganden is a kind of large hammer made of hard wood.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":214,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tatah kuku berbentuk seperti kuku, sementara tatah lantas berbentuk datar. Ganden Ganden adalah semacam palu besar yang terbuat dari kayu keras. Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit.","translated_text":"The nails are shaped like nails, while the nails are flat. Ganden Ganden is a kind of large hammer made of hard wood. Glands are used to hit the scales so they can penetrate the skin.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":208,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ganden Ganden adalah semacam palu besar yang terbuat dari kayu keras. Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit. Malam atau lilin Malam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah.","translated_text":"Ganden Ganden is a kind of large hammer made of hard wood. Glands are used to hit the scales so they can penetrate the skin. Night candles or night candles are occasionally applied to a plank to make the plank smooth and easier to use for planking.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":263,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ganden digunakan untuk memukul tatah agar dapat menembus kulit. Malam atau lilin Malam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah. Jangka Jangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat.","translated_text":"Glands are used to hit the scales so they can penetrate the skin. Night candles or night candles are occasionally applied to a plank to make the plank smooth and easier to use for planking. Term Term is used to create a circular pattern.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":253,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Malam atau lilin Malam atau lilin dioleskan sesekali pada tatah agar tatah menjadi licin dan lebih mudah digunakan untuk menatah. Jangka Jangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat. Misalnya untuk membuat pola gelung supit urang.","translated_text":"Night candles or night candles are occasionally applied to a plank to make the plank smooth and easier to use for planking. Term Term is used to create a circular pattern. For example, to make a pattern of people's silk loops.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":237,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jangka Jangka digunakan untuk membuat pola berbentuk bulat. Misalnya untuk membuat pola gelung supit urang. Penggaris Penggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang.","translated_text":"Term Term is used to create a circular pattern. For example, to make a pattern of people's silk loops. Strippers Strippers are used to create patterns in a straight line, such as the hand of a doll.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":194,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Misalnya untuk membuat pola gelung supit urang. Penggaris Penggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang. Batu asahan dan Air Batu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul.","translated_text":"For example, to make a pattern of people's silk loops. Strippers Strippers are used to create patterns in a straight line, such as the hand of a doll. Stone-washing and water-washing are used to sharpen the slabs when the slabs begin to blur.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":232,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penggaris Penggaris dipakai untuk membuat pola berbentuk lurus, seperti tangan wayang. Batu asahan dan Air Batu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul. Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah.","translated_text":"Strippers Strippers are used to create patterns in a straight line, such as the hand of a doll. Stone-washing and water-washing are used to sharpen the slabs when the slabs begin to blur. Water is used to sharpen the system.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":221,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Batu asahan dan Air Batu asahan digunakan untuk mengasah tatah apabila tatah terasa mulai tumpul. Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah. Penindih Penindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya.","translated_text":"Stone-washing and water-washing are used to sharpen the slabs when the slabs begin to blur. Water is used to sharpen the system. Pressure Pressure is usually a piece of iron or other heavy material.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":208,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Air digunakan ketika mengasah tatah. Penindih Penindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya. Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah.","translated_text":"Water is used to sharpen the system. Pressure Pressure is usually a piece of iron or other heavy material. The function is to keep the film from shifting in time.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":176,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penindih Penindih biasanya berupa sepotong besi atau benda berat lainnya. Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah. Pandukan Pandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang.","translated_text":"Pressure Pressure is usually a piece of iron or other heavy material. The function is to keep the film from shifting in time. Pandukan is a large piece of wood that is used as a foundation when placing a wayang.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":242,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Funsinya adalah membuat wayang tidak bergeser pada waktu ditatah. Pandukan Pandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang. Paku corekan Paku corekan digunakan untuk membuat pola pada wayang.","translated_text":"The function is to keep the film from shifting in time. Pandukan is a large piece of wood that is used as a foundation when placing a wayang. Scratch nails Scratch nails are used to make patterns in the movie.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":236,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pandukan Pandukan merupakan sepotong kayu besar yang digunakan sebagai landasan ketika menatah wayang. Paku corekan Paku corekan digunakan untuk membuat pola pada wayang. Caranya adalah dengan menggoreskannya pada wayang.","translated_text":"Pandukan is a large piece of wood that is used as a foundation when placing a wayang. Scratch nails Scratch nails are used to make patterns in the movie. The way is to scratch it on a movie.","citations":[{"content":" {{cite book|title=Seni Kriya Wayang Kulit|author=S. Haryanto|publisher=Grafiti|location=Jakarta|year=1991|ISBN=979-444-159-7|page=33-270}} ","char_index":221,"name":"haryanto","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Laut","wikicode":"{{Infobox Military Unit\n|unit_name\n=Sekolah Staf dan Komando
Angkatan Laut\n|image\n=\n|caption\n= Lambang Seskoal \n|start_date\n='''[[26 November]] [[1962]]'''\n|country\n={{INA}}\n|allegiance=\n|branch\n=[[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n|type\n=Komando Pendidikan\n|role= \n|size= \n|command_structure\n=[[Sesko TNI]]\n|garrison\n=[[Cipulir, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan|Cipulir]], [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n|garrison_label\n=Markas\n|equipment= \n|equipment_label= \n|nickname=\n|motto\n=''Dharma Wiratama''\n|colors=\n|colors_label=\n|march= \n|mascot= \n|battles= \n|decorations=\n|battle_honours=\n\n|current_commander\n=[[Laksamana Muda]] [[TNI]] [[Fauzi|Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han.]]\n|current_commander_label\n=Komandan\n|ceremonial_chief\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] —\n|ceremonial_chief_label\n=Wakil Komandan\n|commander3\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] [[I Komang Teguh Ardana|I Komang Teguh Ardana, S.T., M.A.P.]]\n|commander3_label\n=Kapusjianmar\n|commander4\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] [[Judijanto|Judijanto, S.T., M.Si., M.A., CHRMP.]]\n|commander4_label\n=Kakordos\n|commander5\n= [[Kolonel Laut]] (KH) [[Bambang]]\n|commander5_label\n=Seklem \n|commander6\n=[[Letkol]] (MAR) [[Juli Herman]]\n|commander6_label\n=Dandenma\n|colonel_of_the_regiment= \n|colonel_of_the_regiment_label= \n|notable_commanders= \n|website\n=[http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/ seskoal.tnial.mil.id] \n}}\n'''Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Laut''' atau ('''Seskoal''') adalah Pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi di lingkungan [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]. Dan mempunyai tugas pokok dalam pendalaman materi kejuangan serta pengkajian masalah-masalah pertahanan di laut tingkat strategis dan operasi di lingkungan [[TNI Angkatan Laut]]. Di Seskoal inilah tempat para Perwira Siswa ditempa untuk menjadi cedekia pertahanan nagara matra laut level strategi, di mana kegiatan belajar meliputi pelajaran dikelas, diskusi maupun praktik yang menyangkut bidang studi Kejuangan, Strategi, Manajemen, Logistik, Operasi, Komunikasi Sosial serta Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi menyangkut masalah-masalah penting mutakhir, kertas karya perorangan (Taskap) dan analisis. Kemudian terdapat beberapa kegiatan puncak seperti Latihan Sistem Perencanaan dan Strategi, Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan Keamanan Laut, Forum Strategi, Seminar Strategi, Seminar Lagistik, Penyajian Taskap, Program Kegiatan Bersama Operasi Gabungan dan Program Kegiatan Bersama Kejuangan. Fasilitas belajar di Kampus Seskoal meliputi ruangan kelas dan ruang diskusi, fasilitas olah yudha dan perpustakaan, selain itu terdapat fasilitas lainnya seperti messing untuk pemondokan para Perwira Siswa, rumah sakit, fasilitas olahraga, seperti ruang fitness, lapangan tennis, tenis meja, basket, bola voli, golf dan lainnya temasuk fasilitas untuk beribadat sesuai agamanya masing-masing. Semua fasilitas yang ada ini diarahkan untuk mendukung kelancaran dan kebutuhan para Perwira Siswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di Seskoal.\n\n== Sejarah ==\nNegara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia memiki 17.499 pulau dengan luas laut mencapai 5,8 juta kilo meter persegi, terletak di antara Benua Asia dan Australia serta berada di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Hindia, dengan demikian Indonesia memiliki potensi unggulan yang sangat strategis ditinjau dari sudut geopolitik, geostrategi dan geoekonomi serta merupakan kawasan yang dinamis dalam percaturan politik, ekonomi, budaya dan pertahanan serta keamanan dunia. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia mutlak memerlukan dan memiliki sesuatu Angkatan Laut yang besar, kuat, professional dan solid, berarti Indonesia memiliki salah satu kekuatan panangkal yang diperhitungkan dan segani baik oleh lawan maupun kawan serta mampu menjadi pengawal samudera tepercaya dalam mengemban tugas menegakkan kedaulatan dan keamanan di laut. Untuk mencetak calon-calon pemimpin [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia]] (TNI) khususnya TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkualitas untuk mampu menghadapi tantangan ke depan, maka perlu adanya penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi para Perwira Menengah (Pamen) TNI Angkatan Laut setingkat dengan Sekolah Staf dan Komando (Sesko), untuk itu pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri/KSAL Laksamana TNI R. E. Martadinata pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 Nomor: 5401.52, dibentuklah Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI Angkatan Laut (Seskoal){{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }} dan sebagai Presiden Seskoal yang pertama ditunjuk Komodor Laut O.B. Syaaf. Sejak berdirinya sampai sekarang, Seskoal menempati suatu kompleks di Cipulir, Jakarta Selatan dengan lingkungan yang asri sehingga kampus ini sangat representatif untuk kegiatan belajan-mengajar. Hingga saat ini, Seskoal adalah Badan Pelaksana Pusat TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkedudukan langsung di bawah Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut dengan unsur pimpinan terdapat Komandan Seskoal (Danseskoal) dan Wakil Komandan Seskoal (Wadan Seskoal) mengemban tugas pokok sebagai berikut: Pertama, melaksanakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi Perwira TNI Angkatan Laut agar mampu mengembangkan tugas-tugas komando dan staf tingkat Angkatan Tugas dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan kedua, melaksanakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan masalah strategi pertahanan matra laut. Visi Seskoal adalah Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pendidikan pertahanan matra laut dan Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pengkajian masalah keamanan laut dan strategi, sementara misi Seskoal adalah menyelenggarakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan menyelenggarakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan strategi pertahanan negara matra laut.\n\nDengan demikian, tujuan pendidikan Seskoal adalah mendidik, membekali dan memantapkan Pamen TNI/TNI Angkatan Laut yang berjiwa prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga, memiliki kesamaptaan jasmani serta profesionalisme matra laut, sehingga dapat menerima tugas-tugas komando dan staf Angkatan Tugas dan Brigade Marinir serta tugas-tugas staf umum pada tingkat Markas Besar TNI, Markas Besar TNI Angkatan Laut dan Komando Gabungan TNI. Sasaran pendidikan Seskoal meliputi: Mengamalkan sikap dan perilaku prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga dalam setiap kegiatan sesuai tugasnya; memelihara kesemaptaan jasmani sesuai standar pembinaan jasmani TNI; mampu memahami strategi pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu merencanakan pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu mengaplikasikan penggunaan kekuatan matra laut; mampu mengembangkan kemampuan sebagai teknokrat matra laut; mampu memahami sistem politik nasional secara kritis dan menyeluruh serta dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk mengalisa masalah nasioanal dan daerah yang timbul dalam pembangunan nasional khususnya di bidang matra laut dan memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebijaksanaan pembangunan dan administrasi sehingga dapat membantu pelaksanaannya dengan tertib, tidak menyimpang dari peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta mempu membantu peran pengawasan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil pembangunan.\n\n== Komandan ==\n{{utama|Daftar Komandan Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Laut}}\nSaat ini, Seskoal di pimpin oleh seorang Komandan yang berpangkat [[Laksamana Muda]]. Saat ini jabatan diduduki oleh [[Laksda]] [[TNI]] [[Yoos Suryono Hadi|Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP]].\n-----\n{{col|2}}\n# Komodor Laut [[O.B. Sjaaf]] (26 November 1962 — 7 September 1964) \n# Mayor Jenderal KKO [[R. Soehadi]] (7 September 1964 — 26 September 1966)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[K. Djelani|Koen Djelani]] (26 September 1966 — 1970) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Rachmat Sumengkar]] (1970 — 6 Oktober 1972) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Waloejo Soegito]] (6 Oktober 1972 — 1973) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Mochamad Romly|M. Romly]] (1973 — 1977)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Adang Syafaat]] (1977 — Februari 1983) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Soewarso|Soewarso, M. Sc]] (Februari 1983 — 1987) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Aboe]] (1987 — 12 Maret 1991) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Abdul Hakim]] (12 Maret 1991 — April 1993) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[M. Moezakkir]] (April 1993 — April 1994) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[I Gede Artjana]] (April 1994 — Maret 1995) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[H. Haryono|H. Haryono, S.Ip]] (Maret 1995 — 1996)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Sutanto|Drs. Sutanto, M.M., M.Si]] (1996 — 1997) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Bambang Suryanto]] (1997 — Oktober 1998) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[M. Amonaris|H. M. Amonaris, S. Ip]] (Oktober 1998 — 1999) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Edy Suyadi|Edy Suyadi, S.H]] (1999 — 2000) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Budiman Djoko Said|Ir. Budiman Djoko Said]] (2000 — 2000)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[JFA. Manengkei|JFA. Manengkei, S.E]] (2000 — 2001)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Ardius Zainuddin]] (2001 — 26 November 2002) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Waldi Murad]] (26 November 2002 — 3 Desember 2003) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Djoko Sumaryono]] (3 Desember 2003 — 20 Agustus 2004) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Djoko Agoes Hanoeng]] (20 Agustus 2004 — 1 Juni 2005) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Sosialisman]] (1 Juni 2005 — 8 Juni 2006) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Gunadi|Gunadi, M.DA.]] (8 Juni 2006 — Mei 2007) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Moh. Sunarto Sjoekronoputro]] (Mei 2007 — 9 Januari 2008) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Mochamad Jurianto|Mochamad Jurianto, S.E.]] (9 Januari 2008 — 8 Oktober 2008) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Sudjiwo|Ir. Sudjiwo, M.Sc.]] (8 Oktober 2008 — 13 Oktober 2009) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Among Margono|Among Margono, S.E.]] (13 Oktober 2009 — 1 Maret 2010) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Didi Setiadi]] (1 Maret 2010 — 17 September 2010) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Sumartono]] (17 September 2010 — 2011) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Arief Rudianto|Arief Rudianto, S.E]] (2011 — 18 Januari 2013) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Desi Albert Mamahit|Dr. Desi Albert Mamahit, M.Sc]] (18 Januari 2013 — 19 Mei 2014) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Herry Setianegara|Herry Setianegara, S.Sos, S.H, M.M]] (19 Mei 2014 — 29 Juli 2016) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Arusukmono Indra Sucahyo|Arusukmono Indra Sucahyo, S.E, M.M]] (29 Juli 2016 — 14 November 2017) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Sulistiyanto|Sulistiyanto, M.Sc., S.E., P.S.C.]] (14 November 2017 — 10 Agustus 2018) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Amarulla Octavian|Amarulla Octavian, S.T., M.Sc., D.E.S.D.]] (10 Agustus 2018 — 16 April 2020) \n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Iwan Isnurwanto|Iwan Isnurwanto, M.A.P., M.Tr. (Han).]] (16 April 2020 — 5 Mei 2021) \n# Laksamanaa Muda TNI [[Tunggul Suropati|Tunggul Suropati, S.E., M.Tr.(Han).]] (5 Mei 2021 — 27 Juni 2022)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Yoos Suryono Hadi|Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP.]] (27 Juni 2022 — 27 Maret 2024)\n# Laksamana Muda TNI [[Fauzi|Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han.]] (27 Maret 2024 — Sekarang)\n{{end-col}}\n\n== Lihat pula ==\n* [[Sekolah Staf dan Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia]]\n* [[Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Darat]]\n* [[Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Udara]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{tni-stub}}\n{{TNI-AL}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut]]\n[[Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia]]","hash":"388ee7bb6590e6f895a75254c5543989a44513bdf061c78d72e0143a381a801c","last_revision":"2024-03-27T14:43:20Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:27:43Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.758271","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Laut atau (Seskoal) adalah Pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi di lingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut. Dan mempunyai tugas pokok dalam pendalaman materi kejuangan serta pengkajian masalah-masalah pertahanan di laut tingkat strategis dan operasi di lingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut. Di Seskoal inilah tempat para Perwira Siswa ditempa untuk menjadi cedekia pertahanan nagara matra laut level strategi, di mana kegiatan belajar meliputi pelajaran dikelas, diskusi maupun praktik yang menyangkut bidang studi Kejuangan, Strategi, Manajemen, Logistik, Operasi, Komunikasi Sosial serta Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi menyangkut masalah-masalah penting mutakhir, kertas karya perorangan (Taskap) dan analisis. Kemudian terdapat beberapa kegiatan puncak seperti Latihan Sistem Perencanaan dan Strategi, Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan Keamanan Laut, Forum Strategi, Seminar Strategi, Seminar Lagistik, Penyajian Taskap, Program Kegiatan Bersama Operasi Gabungan dan Program Kegiatan Bersama Kejuangan. Fasilitas belajar di Kampus Seskoal meliputi ruangan kelas dan ruang diskusi, fasilitas olah yudha dan perpustakaan, selain itu terdapat fasilitas lainnya seperti messing untuk pemondokan para Perwira Siswa, rumah sakit, fasilitas olahraga, seperti ruang fitness, lapangan tennis, tenis meja, basket, bola voli, golf dan lainnya temasuk fasilitas untuk beribadat sesuai agamanya masing-masing. Semua fasilitas yang ada ini diarahkan untuk mendukung kelancaran dan kebutuhan para Perwira Siswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di Seskoal.\n\nNegara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia memiki 17.499 pulau dengan luas laut mencapai 5,8 juta kilo meter persegi, terletak di antara Benua Asia dan Australia serta berada di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Hindia, dengan demikian Indonesia memiliki potensi unggulan yang sangat strategis ditinjau dari sudut geopolitik, geostrategi dan geoekonomi serta merupakan kawasan yang dinamis dalam percaturan politik, ekonomi, budaya dan pertahanan serta keamanan dunia. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia mutlak memerlukan dan memiliki sesuatu Angkatan Laut yang besar, kuat, professional dan solid, berarti Indonesia memiliki salah satu kekuatan panangkal yang diperhitungkan dan segani baik oleh lawan maupun kawan serta mampu menjadi pengawal samudera tepercaya dalam mengemban tugas menegakkan kedaulatan dan keamanan di laut. Untuk mencetak calon-calon pemimpin Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) khususnya TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkualitas untuk mampu menghadapi tantangan ke depan, maka perlu adanya penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi para Perwira Menengah (Pamen) TNI Angkatan Laut setingkat dengan Sekolah Staf dan Komando (Sesko), untuk itu pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri/KSAL Laksamana TNI R. E. Martadinata pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 Nomor: 5401.52, dibentuklah Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI Angkatan Laut (Seskoal) dan sebagai Presiden Seskoal yang pertama ditunjuk Komodor Laut O.B. Syaaf. Sejak berdirinya sampai sekarang, Seskoal menempati suatu kompleks di Cipulir, Jakarta Selatan dengan lingkungan yang asri sehingga kampus ini sangat representatif untuk kegiatan belajan-mengajar. Hingga saat ini, Seskoal adalah Badan Pelaksana Pusat TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkedudukan langsung di bawah Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut dengan unsur pimpinan terdapat Komandan Seskoal (Danseskoal) dan Wakil Komandan Seskoal (Wadan Seskoal) mengemban tugas pokok sebagai berikut: Pertama, melaksanakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi Perwira TNI Angkatan Laut agar mampu mengembangkan tugas-tugas komando dan staf tingkat Angkatan Tugas dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan kedua, melaksanakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan masalah strategi pertahanan matra laut. Visi Seskoal adalah Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pendidikan pertahanan matra laut dan Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pengkajian masalah keamanan laut dan strategi, sementara misi Seskoal adalah menyelenggarakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan menyelenggarakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan strategi pertahanan negara matra laut.\n\nDengan demikian, tujuan pendidikan Seskoal adalah mendidik, membekali dan memantapkan Pamen TNI/TNI Angkatan Laut yang berjiwa prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga, memiliki kesamaptaan jasmani serta profesionalisme matra laut, sehingga dapat menerima tugas-tugas komando dan staf Angkatan Tugas dan Brigade Marinir serta tugas-tugas staf umum pada tingkat Markas Besar TNI, Markas Besar TNI Angkatan Laut dan Komando Gabungan TNI. Sasaran pendidikan Seskoal meliputi: Mengamalkan sikap dan perilaku prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga dalam setiap kegiatan sesuai tugasnya; memelihara kesemaptaan jasmani sesuai standar pembinaan jasmani TNI; mampu memahami strategi pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu merencanakan pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu mengaplikasikan penggunaan kekuatan matra laut; mampu mengembangkan kemampuan sebagai teknokrat matra laut; mampu memahami sistem politik nasional secara kritis dan menyeluruh serta dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk mengalisa masalah nasioanal dan daerah yang timbul dalam pembangunan nasional khususnya di bidang matra laut dan memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebijaksanaan pembangunan dan administrasi sehingga dapat membantu pelaksanaannya dengan tertib, tidak menyimpang dari peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta mempu membantu peran pengawasan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil pembangunan.\n\nSaat ini, Seskoal di pimpin oleh seorang Komandan yang berpangkat Laksamana Muda. Saat ini jabatan diduduki oleh Laksda TNI Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP.\n\nKomodor Laut O.B. Sjaaf (26 November 1962 — 7 September 1964) Mayor Jenderal KKO R. Soehadi (7 September 1964 — 26 September 1966) Laksamana Muda TNI Koen Djelani (26 September 1966 — 1970) Laksamana Muda TNI Rachmat Sumengkar (1970 — 6 Oktober 1972) Laksamana Muda TNI Waloejo Soegito (6 Oktober 1972 — 1973) Laksamana Muda TNI M. Romly (1973 — 1977) Laksamana Muda TNI Adang Syafaat (1977 — Februari 1983) Laksamana Muda TNI Soewarso, M. Sc (Februari 1983 — 1987) Laksamana Muda TNI Aboe (1987 — 12 Maret 1991) Laksamana Muda TNI Abdul Hakim (12 Maret 1991 — April 1993) Laksamana Muda TNI M. Moezakkir (April 1993 — April 1994) Laksamana Muda TNI I Gede Artjana (April 1994 — Maret 1995) Laksamana Muda TNI H. Haryono, S.Ip (Maret 1995 — 1996) Laksamana Muda TNI Drs. Sutanto, M.M., M.Si (1996 — 1997) Laksamana Muda TNI Bambang Suryanto (1997 — Oktober 1998) Laksamana Muda TNI H. M. Amonaris, S. Ip (Oktober 1998 — 1999) Laksamana Muda TNI Edy Suyadi, S.H (1999 — 2000) Laksamana Muda TNI Ir. Budiman Djoko Said (2000 — 2000) Laksamana Muda TNI JFA. Manengkei, S.E (2000 — 2001) Laksamana Muda TNI Ardius Zainuddin (2001 — 26 November 2002) Laksamana Muda TNI Waldi Murad (26 November 2002 — 3 Desember 2003) Laksamana Muda TNI Djoko Sumaryono (3 Desember 2003 — 20 Agustus 2004) Laksamana Muda TNI Djoko Agoes Hanoeng (20 Agustus 2004 — 1 Juni 2005) Laksamana Muda TNI Sosialisman (1 Juni 2005 — 8 Juni 2006) Laksamana Muda TNI Gunadi, M.DA. (8 Juni 2006 — Mei 2007) Laksamana Muda TNI Moh. Sunarto Sjoekronoputro (Mei 2007 — 9 Januari 2008) Laksamana Muda TNI Mochamad Jurianto, S.E. (9 Januari 2008 — 8 Oktober 2008) Laksamana Muda TNI Ir. Sudjiwo, M.Sc. (8 Oktober 2008 — 13 Oktober 2009) Laksamana Muda TNI Among Margono, S.E. (13 Oktober 2009 — 1 Maret 2010) Laksamana Muda TNI Didi Setiadi (1 Maret 2010 — 17 September 2010) Laksamana Muda TNI Sumartono (17 September 2010 — 2011) Laksamana Muda TNI Arief Rudianto, S.E (2011 — 18 Januari 2013) Laksamana Muda TNI Dr. Desi Albert Mamahit, M.Sc (18 Januari 2013 — 19 Mei 2014) Laksamana Muda TNI Herry Setianegara, S.Sos, S.H, M.M (19 Mei 2014 — 29 Juli 2016) Laksamana Muda TNI Arusukmono Indra Sucahyo, S.E, M.M (29 Juli 2016 — 14 November 2017) Laksamana Muda TNI Sulistiyanto, M.Sc., S.E., P.S.C. (14 November 2017 — 10 Agustus 2018) Laksamana Muda TNI Amarulla Octavian, S.T., M.Sc., D.E.S.D. (10 Agustus 2018 — 16 April 2020) Laksamana Muda TNI Iwan Isnurwanto, M.A.P., M.Tr. (Han). (16 April 2020 — 5 Mei 2021) Laksamanaa Muda TNI Tunggul Suropati, S.E., M.Tr.(Han). (5 Mei 2021 — 27 Juni 2022) Laksamana Muda TNI Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP. (27 Juni 2022 — 27 Maret 2024) Laksamana Muda TNI Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han. (27 Maret 2024 — Sekarang)\n\nSekolah Staf dan Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Darat Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Udara\n\nKategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Military Unit\n|unit_name\n=Sekolah Staf dan Komando
Angkatan Laut\n|image\n=\n|caption\n= Lambang Seskoal \n|start_date\n='''[[26 November]] [[1962]]'''\n|country\n={{INA}}\n|allegiance=\n|branch\n=[[TNI Angkatan Laut]]\n|type\n=Komando Pendidikan\n|role= \n|size= \n|command_structure\n=[[Sesko TNI]]\n|garrison\n=[[Cipulir, Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan|Cipulir]], [[Jakarta Selatan]]\n|garrison_label\n=Markas\n|equipment= \n|equipment_label= \n|nickname=\n|motto\n=''Dharma Wiratama''\n|colors=\n|colors_label=\n|march= \n|mascot= \n|battles= \n|decorations=\n|battle_honours=\n\n|current_commander\n=[[Laksamana Muda]] [[TNI]] [[Fauzi|Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han.]]\n|current_commander_label\n=Komandan\n|ceremonial_chief\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] —\n|ceremonial_chief_label\n=Wakil Komandan\n|commander3\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] [[I Komang Teguh Ardana|I Komang Teguh Ardana, S.T., M.A.P.]]\n|commander3_label\n=Kapusjianmar\n|commander4\n=[[Laksamana Pertama]] [[TNI]] [[Judijanto|Judijanto, S.T., M.Si., M.A., CHRMP.]]\n|commander4_label\n=Kakordos\n|commander5\n= [[Kolonel Laut]] (KH) [[Bambang]]\n|commander5_label\n=Seklem \n|commander6\n=[[Letkol]] (MAR) [[Juli Herman]]\n|commander6_label\n=Dandenma\n|colonel_of_the_regiment= \n|colonel_of_the_regiment_label= \n|notable_commanders= \n|website\n=[http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/ seskoal.tnial.mil.id] \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Laut atau (Seskoal) adalah Pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi di lingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut.","translated_text":"The Naval Staff and Command School or (Seskoal) is the highest general development education in the Navy's TNI environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dan mempunyai tugas pokok dalam pendalaman materi kejuangan serta pengkajian masalah-masalah pertahanan di laut tingkat strategis dan operasi di lingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut.","translated_text":"And has primary duties in deepening championship material as well as studying maritime defense issues at strategic levels and operations in the TNI Naval environment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di Seskoal inilah tempat para Perwira Siswa ditempa untuk menjadi cedekia pertahanan nagara matra laut level strategi, di mana kegiatan belajar meliputi pelajaran dikelas, diskusi maupun praktik yang menyangkut bidang studi Kejuangan, Strategi, Manajemen, Logistik, Operasi, Komunikasi Sosial serta Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi menyangkut masalah-masalah penting mutakhir, kertas karya perorangan (Taskap) dan analisis.","translated_text":"It was at Seskoal that the Student Officers were forged to become the strategic level national defense matra, where learning activities included classroom lessons, discussions and practices related to the fields of Strategy, Management, Logistics, Operations, Social Communications as well as Science and Technology related to cutting-edge important issues, individual papers (Tascap) and analysis.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kemudian terdapat beberapa kegiatan puncak seperti Latihan Sistem Perencanaan dan Strategi, Latihan Pengambilan Keputusan Keamanan Laut, Forum Strategi, Seminar Strategi, Seminar Lagistik, Penyajian Taskap, Program Kegiatan Bersama Operasi Gabungan dan Program Kegiatan Bersama Kejuangan.","translated_text":"Then there were some top-level activities such as the Training of Planning and Strategy Systems, the Training of Maritime Security Decision-making, the Strategy Forum, the Strategy Seminar, the Logistics Seminar, the Task Assessment, the Joint Operations Joint Activity Program and the Joint Campaign Activity Program.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Fasilitas belajar di Kampus Seskoal meliputi ruangan kelas dan ruang diskusi, fasilitas olah yudha dan perpustakaan, selain itu terdapat fasilitas lainnya seperti messing untuk pemondokan para Perwira Siswa, rumah sakit, fasilitas olahraga, seperti ruang fitness, lapangan tennis, tenis meja, basket, bola voli, golf dan lainnya temasuk fasilitas untuk beribadat sesuai agamanya masing-masing.","translated_text":"Learning facilities at the Seskoal Campus include classrooms and discussion rooms, yudha sports facilities and libraries, in addition there are other facilities such as messing for housing the Student Officers, hospitals, sports facilities, such as fitness rooms, tennis courts, table tennis, basketball, volleyball, golf and others including facilities for worship according to their respective religions.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Semua fasilitas yang ada ini diarahkan untuk mendukung kelancaran dan kebutuhan para Perwira Siswa yang sedang menuntut ilmu di Seskoal.","translated_text":"All of these facilities are designed to support the smoothness and needs of the Student Officers who are studying in Seskool.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia memiki 17.499 pulau dengan luas laut mencapai 5,8 juta kilo meter persegi, terletak di antara Benua Asia dan Australia serta berada di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Hindia, dengan demikian Indonesia memiliki potensi unggulan yang sangat strategis ditinjau dari sudut geopolitik, geostrategi dan geoekonomi serta merupakan kawasan yang dinamis dalam percaturan politik, ekonomi, budaya dan pertahanan serta keamanan dunia.","translated_text":"The Republic of Indonesia (ROI) as the world's largest island nation comprises 17,499 islands with a sea area of 5.8 million square kilometres, located between the continents of Asia and Australia as well as between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, thus Indonesia has a highly strategic flagship potential reviewed from a geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic point of view and is a dynamic region in the political, economic, cultural and defense and security chains of the world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia mutlak memerlukan dan memiliki sesuatu Angkatan Laut yang besar, kuat, professional dan solid, berarti Indonesia memiliki salah satu kekuatan panangkal yang diperhitungkan dan segani baik oleh lawan maupun kawan serta mampu menjadi pengawal samudera tepercaya dalam mengemban tugas menegakkan kedaulatan dan keamanan di laut.","translated_text":"Therefore, Indonesia absolutely needs and has a large, strong, professional and solid Navy, which means that Indonesia has one of the strengths that counts and can be counteracted by both opponents and friends and is capable of being a trusted ocean keeper in carrying out the task of upholding sovereignty and security at sea.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Untuk mencetak calon-calon pemimpin Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) khususnya TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkualitas untuk mampu menghadapi tantangan ke depan, maka perlu adanya penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi para Perwira Menengah (Pamen) TNI Angkatan Laut setingkat dengan Sekolah Staf dan Komando (Sesko), untuk itu pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri/KSAL Laksamana TNI R. E. Martadinata pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 Nomor: 5401.52, dibentuklah Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI Angkatan Laut (Seskoal) dan sebagai Presiden Seskoal yang pertama ditunjuk Komodor Laut O.B. Syaaf.","translated_text":"In order to produce candidates for the leadership of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in particular the Navy TNI qualified to be able to face the challenges ahead, it was necessary to organize education for the TNI Navy Secondary Officers (Pamen) on an equal footing with the School of Staff and Command (Sesko), for which on 26 November 1962 under the Decree of Minister/KSAL Admiral TNI R. E. Martadinata on 26 November 1962 Number: 5401.52, the School of Staff and Command of the Navy TNI (Seskoal) was formed and as the first Seskoal President appointed by Commodore O.B. Syaaf.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":529,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":529,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak berdirinya sampai sekarang, Seskoal menempati suatu kompleks di Cipulir, Jakarta Selatan dengan lingkungan yang asri sehingga kampus ini sangat representatif untuk kegiatan belajan-mengajar.","translated_text":"Since its inception until now, Seskoal has occupied a complex in Cipulir, South Jakarta with an affluent neighborhood so the campus is very representative for extracurricular activities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga saat ini, Seskoal adalah Badan Pelaksana Pusat TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkedudukan langsung di bawah Kepala Staf TNI Angkatan Laut dengan unsur pimpinan terdapat Komandan Seskoal (Danseskoal) dan Wakil Komandan Seskoal (Wadan Seskoal) mengemban tugas pokok sebagai berikut: Pertama, melaksanakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi Perwira TNI Angkatan Laut agar mampu mengembangkan tugas-tugas komando dan staf tingkat Angkatan Tugas dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan kedua, melaksanakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan masalah strategi pertahanan matra laut.","translated_text":"Until now, the Seskoal is the Central Executive Agency of the Navy TNI which is directly subordinate to the Chief of Naval Staff of the Navy TNI with the leading elements being the Seskoal Commander (Danseskoal) and the Seskoal Deputy Commander (Wadan Seskoal) carrying out the following main tasks: First, to carry out the highest general development education of the Navy TNI Officers in order to be able to develop the command and staff level duties of the Task Force in the vicinity of the Navy TNI and second, to carry out the study of championship issues and issues of naval defense strategy matra.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Visi Seskoal adalah Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pendidikan pertahanan matra laut dan Seskoal harus menjadi pusat yang cemerlang dalam pengkajian masalah keamanan laut dan strategi, sementara misi Seskoal adalah menyelenggarakan pendidikan pengembangan umum tertinggi dilingkungan TNI Angkatan Laut dan menyelenggarakan pengkajian masalah kejuangan dan strategi pertahanan negara matra laut.","translated_text":"Seskoal's vision is that Seskoal should be a brilliant center in maritime defense education and Seskoal should be a brilliant center in the study of maritime security issues and strategies, while Seskoal's mission is to organize the highest general development education around the TNI Navy and to organize the study of championship issues and maritime national defense strategies.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dengan demikian, tujuan pendidikan Seskoal adalah mendidik, membekali dan memantapkan Pamen TNI/TNI Angkatan Laut yang berjiwa prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga, memiliki kesamaptaan jasmani serta profesionalisme matra laut, sehingga dapat menerima tugas-tugas komando dan staf Angkatan Tugas dan Brigade Marinir serta tugas-tugas staf umum pada tingkat Markas Besar TNI, Markas Besar TNI Angkatan Laut dan Komando Gabungan TNI.","translated_text":"Thus, the purpose of Seskoal education is to educate, equip and establish the TNI/TNI Commanders of the Navy who are soulful warriors of the Sapta Marga, have physical maturity as well as the professionalism of the sea matra, so as to be able to accept the command and staff duties of the Army and Marine Brigades as well as the general staff duties at the level of TNI Headquarters, TNI Headquarters of the Navy and TNI Combined Command.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sasaran pendidikan Seskoal meliputi: Mengamalkan sikap dan perilaku prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga dalam setiap kegiatan sesuai tugasnya; memelihara kesemaptaan jasmani sesuai standar pembinaan jasmani TNI; mampu memahami strategi pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu merencanakan pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu mengaplikasikan penggunaan kekuatan matra laut; mampu mengembangkan kemampuan sebagai teknokrat matra laut; mampu memahami sistem politik nasional secara kritis dan menyeluruh serta dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk mengalisa masalah nasioanal dan daerah yang timbul dalam pembangunan nasional khususnya di bidang matra laut dan memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebijaksanaan pembangunan dan administrasi sehingga dapat membantu pelaksanaannya dengan tertib, tidak menyimpang dari peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta mempu membantu peran pengawasan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil pembangunan.","translated_text":"The objectives of the Seskoal education include: To practice the attitudes and behaviour of the Sapta Marga warriors in every activity according to their duties; to maintain physical integrity in accordance with the TNI physical training standards; to be able to understand the defense strategy of the maritime matra state; to be able to plan the development of the maritime matra state defense force; to be able to apply the use of the maritime matra force; to be able to develop the capability as a maritime matra technocrat; to be able to understand the national political system critically and comprehensively and to be able to develop the ability to analyze national and regional issues arising in national development especially in the field of maritime matra and to have knowledge of the development and administration skills so as to assist its implementation in an orderly manner, without deviating from applicable regulations and to play a supervisory role in efforts to improve development outcomes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":928,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Komandan","translated_text":"The commander.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Saat ini, Seskoal di pimpin oleh seorang Komandan yang berpangkat Laksamana Muda.","translated_text":"Currently, Seskoal is headed by a Commander with the rank of Young Admiral.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini jabatan diduduki oleh Laksda TNI Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP.","translated_text":"Currently the post is held by Laksda TNI Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komodor Laut O.B. Sjaaf (26 November 1962 — 7 September 1964) Mayor Jenderal KKO R. Soehadi (7 September 1964 — 26 September 1966)","translated_text":"Sea Commodore O.B. Sjaaf (26 November 1962 ⁇ 7 September 1964) Major General of the KKO R. Soehadi (7 September 1964 ⁇ 26 September 1966)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Laksamana Muda TNI Koen Djelani (26 September 1966 — 1970) Laksamana Muda TNI Rachmat Sumengkar (1970 — 6 Oktober 1972) Laksamana Muda TNI Waloejo Soegito (6 Oktober 1972 — 1973) Laksamana Muda TNI M. Romly (1973 — 1977) Laksamana Muda TNI Adang Syafaat (1977 — Februari 1983) Laksamana Muda TNI Soewarso, M. Sc (Februari 1983 — 1987) Laksamana Muda TNI Aboe (1987 — 12 Maret 1991) Laksamana Muda TNI Abdul Hakim (12 Maret 1991 — April 1993) Laksamana Muda TNI M. Moezakkir (April 1993 — April 1994) Laksamana Muda TNI I Gede Artjana (April 1994 — Maret 1995) Laksamana Muda TNI H. Haryono, S.Ip (Maret 1995 — 1996) Laksamana Muda TNI Drs. Sutanto, M.M., M.Si (1996 — 1997)","translated_text":"Young TNI admiral Koen Djelani (26 September 1966 ⁇ 1970) Young TNI admiral Rachmat Sumengkar (1970 ⁇ 6 October 1972) Young TNI admiral Waloejo Soegito (6 October 1972 ⁇ 1973) Young TNI admiral M. Romly (1973 ⁇ 1977) Young TNI admiral Adang Syafaat (1977 ⁇ February 1983) Young TNI admiral Soewarso, M. Sc (February 1983 ⁇ 1987) Young TNI admiral Aboe (1987 ⁇ 12 March 1991) Young TNI admiral Abdul Hakim (12 March 1991 ⁇ April 1993)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Laksamana Muda TNI Bambang Suryanto (1997 — Oktober 1998) Laksamana Muda TNI H. M. Amonaris, S. Ip (Oktober 1998 — 1999) Laksamana Muda TNI Edy Suyadi, S.H (1999 — 2000) Laksamana Muda TNI Ir. Budiman Djoko Said (2000 — 2000) Laksamana Muda TNI JFA.","translated_text":"The young TNI admiral Bambang Suryanto (1997 ⁇ October 1998) The young TNI admiral H. M. Amonaris, S. Ip (October 1998 ⁇ 1999) The young TNI admiral Edy Suyadi, S.H (1999 ⁇ 2000) The young TNI admiral Ir. Budiman Djoko Said (2000 ⁇ 2000) The young TNI admiral JFA.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Manengkei, S.E (2000 — 2001) Laksamana Muda TNI Ardius Zainuddin (2001 — 26 November 2002) Laksamana Muda TNI Waldi Murad (26 November 2002 — 3 Desember 2003) Laksamana Muda TNI Djoko Sumaryono (3 Desember 2003 — 20 Agustus 2004) Laksamana Muda TNI Djoko Agoes Hanoeng (20 Agustus 2004 — 1 Juni 2005) Laksamana Muda TNI Sosialisman (1 Juni 2005 — 8 Juni 2006) Laksamana Muda TNI Gunadi, M.DA.","translated_text":"Manengkei, S.E (2000 ⁇ 2001) Young Admiral of TNI Ardius Zainuddin (2001 ⁇ 26 November 2002) Young Admiral of TNI Waldi Murad (26 November 2002 ⁇ 3 December 2003) Young Admiral of TNI Djoko Sumaryono (3 December 2003 ⁇ 20 August 2004) Young Admiral of TNI Djoko Agoes Hanoeng (20 August 2004 ⁇ 1 June 2005) Young Admiral of TNI Socialist (1 June 2005 ⁇ 8 June 2006) Young Admiral of TNI Gunadi, M.DA.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(8 Juni 2006 — Mei 2007) Laksamana Muda TNI Moh.","translated_text":"(8 June 2006 ⁇ May 2007) Young Admiral of TNI Moh.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sunarto Sjoekronoputro (Mei 2007 — 9 Januari 2008) Laksamana Muda TNI Mochamad Jurianto, S.E. (9 Januari 2008 — 8 Oktober 2008) Laksamana Muda TNI Ir. Sudjiwo, M.Sc.","translated_text":"Sunarto Sjoekronoputro (May 2007 ⁇ 9 January 2008) Young Admiral of the TNI Mochamad Jurianto, S.E. (9 January 2008 ⁇ 8 October 2008) Young Admiral of the TNI Ir. Sudjiwo, M.Sc.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(8 Oktober 2008 — 13 Oktober 2009) Laksamana Muda TNI Among Margono, S.E. (13 Oktober 2009 — 1 Maret 2010) Laksamana Muda TNI Didi Setiadi (1 Maret 2010 — 17 September 2010) Laksamana Muda TNI Sumartono (17 September 2010 — 2011)","translated_text":"(8 October 2008 ⁇ 13 October 2009) Young Admiral of TNI Among Margono, S.E. (13 October 2009 ⁇ 1 March 2010) Young Admiral of TNI Didi Setiadi (1 March 2010 ⁇ 17 September 2010) Young Admiral of TNI Sumartono (17 September 2010 ⁇ 2011)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Laksamana Muda TNI Arief Rudianto, S.E (2011 — 18 Januari 2013) Laksamana Muda TNI Dr. Desi Albert Mamahit, M.Sc (18 Januari 2013 — 19 Mei 2014) Laksamana Muda TNI Herry Setianegara, S.Sos, S.H, M.M (19 Mei 2014 — 29 Juli 2016) Laksamana Muda TNI Arusukmono Indra Sucahyo, S.E, M.M (29 Juli 2016 — 14 November 2017) Laksamana Muda TNI Sulistiyanto, M.Sc., S.E., P.S.C. (14 November 2017 — 10 Agustus 2018) Laksamana Muda TNI Amarulla Octavian, S.T., M.Sc., D.E.S.D. (10 Agustus 2018 — 16 April 2020) Laksamana Muda TNI Iwan Isnurwanto, M.A.P., M.Tr.","translated_text":"Young Admiral of the TNI Arief Rudianto, S.E (2011 ⁇ 18 January 2013) Young Admiral of the TNI Dr. Desi Albert Mamahit, M.Sc (18 January 2013 ⁇ 19 May 2014) Young Admiral of the TNI Herry Setianegara, S.Sos, S.H, M.M (19 May 2014 ⁇ 29 July 2016) Young Admiral of the TNI Arusukmono Indra Sucahyo, S.E, M.M (29 July 2016 ⁇ 14 November 2017) Young Admiral of the TNI Sulistiyanto, M.Sc., S.E., P.S.C. (14 November 2017 ⁇ 10 August 2018) Young Admiral of the TNI Amarulla Octavian, S.T., M.Sc., D.E.S.D. (10 August 2018 ⁇ 16 April 2020)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(Han).","translated_text":"(Han)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(16 April 2020 — 5 Mei 2021) Laksamanaa Muda TNI Tunggul Suropati, S.E., M.Tr.(Han).","translated_text":"(April 16, 2020 ⁇ May 5, 2021) Laksamanaa Muda TNI Tunggul Suropati, S.E., M.Tr.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(5 Mei 2021 — 27 Juni 2022)","translated_text":"(May 5, 2021 ⁇ June 27, 2022)","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Laksamana Muda TNI Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr.(Han)., M.Tr.Opsla., CHRMP.","translated_text":"Young Admiral Yoos Suryono Hadi, M.Tr. (Han), M.Tr.Opsla, of the CHRMP.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(27 Juni 2022 — 27 Maret 2024) Laksamana Muda TNI Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han.","translated_text":"(27 June 2022 ⁇ 27 March 2024) Young Admiral of TNI Fauzi, S.E., M.M., M.Han.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(27 Maret 2024 — Sekarang)","translated_text":"(March 27, 2024 ⁇ Now)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat pula","translated_text":"Look at that.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sekolah Staf dan Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Darat Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Udara","translated_text":"Indonesian National Army Staff and Command School Army Staff and Command School Air Force Staff and Command School","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut Kategori:Tentara Nasional Indonesia","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian national army Navy Category:Indonesian national army","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia memiki 17.499 pulau dengan luas laut mencapai 5,8 juta kilo meter persegi, terletak di antara Benua Asia dan Australia serta berada di antara Samudera Pasifik dan Hindia, dengan demikian Indonesia memiliki potensi unggulan yang sangat strategis ditinjau dari sudut geopolitik, geostrategi dan geoekonomi serta merupakan kawasan yang dinamis dalam percaturan politik, ekonomi, budaya dan pertahanan serta keamanan dunia. Oleh sebab itu, Indonesia mutlak memerlukan dan memiliki sesuatu Angkatan Laut yang besar, kuat, professional dan solid, berarti Indonesia memiliki salah satu kekuatan panangkal yang diperhitungkan dan segani baik oleh lawan maupun kawan serta mampu menjadi pengawal samudera tepercaya dalam mengemban tugas menegakkan kedaulatan dan keamanan di laut. Untuk mencetak calon-calon pemimpin Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) khususnya TNI Angkatan Laut yang berkualitas untuk mampu menghadapi tantangan ke depan, maka perlu adanya penyelenggaraan pendidikan bagi para Perwira Menengah (Pamen) TNI Angkatan Laut setingkat dengan Sekolah Staf dan Komando (Sesko), untuk itu pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri/KSAL Laksamana TNI R. E. Martadinata pada tanggal 26 Nopember 1962 Nomor: 5401.52, dibentuklah Sekolah Staf dan Komando TNI Angkatan Laut (Seskoal) dan sebagai Presiden Seskoal yang pertama ditunjuk Komodor Laut O.B. Syaaf.","translated_text":"The Republic of Indonesia (ROI) as the world's largest island nation comprises 17,499 islands with a sea area of 5.8 million square kilometres, located between the continents of Asia and Australia as well as between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, thus Indonesia has a highly strategic flagship potential reviewed from a geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic point of view and is a dynamic region in the political, economic, cultural and defense and security chains of the world. Therefore, Indonesia absolutely needs and has a large, strong, professional and solid Navy, which means that Indonesia has one of the strengths that counts and can be counteracted by both opponents and friends and is capable of being a trusted ocean keeper in carrying out the task of upholding sovereignty and security at sea. In order to produce candidates for the leadership of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in particular the Navy TNI qualified to be able to face the challenges ahead, it was necessary to organize education for the TNI Navy Secondary Officers (Pamen) on an equal footing with the School of Staff and Command (Sesko), for which on 26 November 1962 under the Decree of Minister/KSAL Admiral TNI R. E. Martadinata on 26 November 1962 Number: 5401.52, the School of Staff and Command of the Navy TNI (Seskoal) was formed and as the first Seskoal President appointed by Commodore O.B. Syaaf.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":1386,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":1386,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dengan demikian, tujuan pendidikan Seskoal adalah mendidik, membekali dan memantapkan Pamen TNI/TNI Angkatan Laut yang berjiwa prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga, memiliki kesamaptaan jasmani serta profesionalisme matra laut, sehingga dapat menerima tugas-tugas komando dan staf Angkatan Tugas dan Brigade Marinir serta tugas-tugas staf umum pada tingkat Markas Besar TNI, Markas Besar TNI Angkatan Laut dan Komando Gabungan TNI. Sasaran pendidikan Seskoal meliputi: Mengamalkan sikap dan perilaku prajurit pejuang Sapta Marga dalam setiap kegiatan sesuai tugasnya; memelihara kesemaptaan jasmani sesuai standar pembinaan jasmani TNI; mampu memahami strategi pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu merencanakan pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan negara matra laut; mampu mengaplikasikan penggunaan kekuatan matra laut; mampu mengembangkan kemampuan sebagai teknokrat matra laut; mampu memahami sistem politik nasional secara kritis dan menyeluruh serta dapat mengembangkan kemampuan untuk mengalisa masalah nasioanal dan daerah yang timbul dalam pembangunan nasional khususnya di bidang matra laut dan memiliki pengetahuan tentang kebijaksanaan pembangunan dan administrasi sehingga dapat membantu pelaksanaannya dengan tertib, tidak menyimpang dari peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku serta mempu membantu peran pengawasan dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil pembangunan.","translated_text":"Thus, the purpose of Seskoal education is to educate, equip and establish the TNI/TNI Commanders of the Navy who are soulful warriors of the Sapta Marga, have physical maturity as well as the professionalism of the sea matra, so as to be able to accept the command and staff duties of the Army and Marine Brigades as well as the general staff duties at the level of TNI Headquarters, TNI Headquarters of the Navy and TNI Combined Command. The objectives of the Seskoal education include: To practice the attitudes and behaviour of the Sapta Marga warriors in every activity according to their duties; to maintain physical integrity in accordance with the TNI physical training standards; to be able to understand the defense strategy of the maritime matra state; to be able to plan the development of the maritime matra state defense force; to be able to apply the use of the maritime matra force; to be able to develop the capability as a maritime matra technocrat; to be able to understand the national political system critically and comprehensively and to be able to develop the ability to analyze national and regional issues arising in national development especially in the field of maritime matra and to have knowledge of the development and administration skills so as to assist its implementation in an orderly manner, without deviating from applicable regulations and to play a supervisory role in efforts to improve development outcomes.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2012-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129084026/http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":1352,"name":"seskoal.tnial.mil.id","url":"http://seskoal.tnial.mil.id/Profil/Sejarah/tabid/229/Default.aspx","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.338377-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Sasana wiratama","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Museum Monumen Pangeran Diponegoro]]","hash":"d2d843b28b25dc5f7ac86c1ec84f00586a309638a5ffca33b63b653590ba31c7","last_revision":"2022-02-23T11:19:15Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:31:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.815309","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Museum Monumen Pangeran Diponegoro\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Museum Monumen Pangeran Diponegoro","translated_text":"ALIH The Prince of Diponegoro Memorial Museum","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekristenan di Pulau Natal","wikicode":"'''Kekristenan''' adalah agama minoritas di Pulau Natal. Ada kehadiran Anglikan di pulau tersebut, yang termasuk dalam Keuskupan Australia Perth. Ada juga penganut [[Katolik Roma]], di bawah Keuskupan Agung Singapura. Ada juga kelompok Metodis, Kongregasionalis dan Presbiterian di pulau tersebut.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|refs=\n{{cite book|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|title=Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA649|year=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|pages=649–651|chapter=Christmas Island}}\n}}\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Pulau Natal]]","hash":"395a5c81a8587441f6637c9089b0eb0ec9891437713bb54855e2a0bc2641fff8","last_revision":"2023-05-31T06:47:41Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:39:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.877326","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المسيحية في جزيرة كريسماس","en":"Christianity in Christmas Island"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Kekristenan adalah agama minoritas di Pulau Natal. Ada kehadiran Anglikan di pulau tersebut, yang termasuk dalam Keuskupan Australia Perth. Ada juga penganut Katolik Roma, di bawah Keuskupan Agung Singapura. Ada juga kelompok Metodis, Kongregasionalis dan Presbiterian di pulau tersebut.\n\nPulau Natal\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan adalah agama minoritas di Pulau Natal.","translated_text":"Christianity is a minority religion on Christmas Island.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada kehadiran Anglikan di pulau tersebut, yang termasuk dalam Keuskupan Australia Perth.","translated_text":"There is an Anglican presence on the island, which is part of the Australian Diocese of Perth.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada juga penganut Katolik Roma, di bawah Keuskupan Agung Singapura.","translated_text":"There are also Roman Catholics, under the Archdiocese of Singapore.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada juga kelompok Metodis, Kongregasionalis dan Presbiterian di pulau tersebut.","translated_text":"There are also Methodist, Congregationalist, and Presbyterian groups on the island.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"","char_index":79,"name":"ROTW","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pulau Natal","translated_text":"Christmas Island","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Ada kehadiran Anglikan di pulau tersebut, yang termasuk dalam Keuskupan Australia Perth. Ada juga penganut Katolik Roma, di bawah Keuskupan Agung Singapura. Ada juga kelompok Metodis, Kongregasionalis dan Presbiterian di pulau tersebut.","translated_text":"There is an Anglican presence on the island, which is part of the Australian Diocese of Perth. There are also Roman Catholics, under the Archdiocese of Singapore. There are also Methodist, Congregationalist, and Presbyterian groups on the island.","citations":[{"content":"","char_index":236,"name":"ROTW","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste","wikicode":"{{Gereja Katolik menurut negara}}\n[[Berkas:Marienstatue klein.jpg|jmpl|Kolom St Maria di [[Dili]]]]\n'''Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste''' merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma. Sejak kemerdekaannya dari [[Indonesia]], Timor Timur menjadi negara mayoritas Katolik kedua di Asia (setelah [[Filipina]]), warisan statusnya sebagai bekas koloni [[Portugis]]. Sekitar 88,84% {{Cite web |url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |dead-url=no }} dari populasi adalah Katolik Roma di Timor Timur pada tahun 2006, yang berarti lebih dari 900.000 orang.\n\nNegara ini dibagi menjadi tiga keuskupan: Dili, Baucau dan Maliana (didirikan tahun 2010). Keuskupan ini berafiliasi langsung pada [[Tahta Suci]].\n\nNuncio Apostolik untuk Timor Timur pada saat ini adalah duta delegasi untuk Indonesia.{{cite news|url=http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|title=New Timor Nuncio presents credentials, calls for end to conflict|work=Catholic News|date=March 2, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10|archive-date=2007-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|dead-url=yes}} Duta saat ini dijabat oleh Uskup Agung Italia, Leopoldo Girelli, dan kedutaannya yang terletak di [[Jakarta]].{{cite web | url=http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | title=Embassy and Consulates | publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia | accessdate=2008-01-10 | archive-date=2008-08-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | dead-url=yes }}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{topik Asia|Gereja Katolik di|groupstyle=background-color:gold|titlestyle=background-color:gold}}\n{{topik Oseania|Gereja Katolik di|groupstyle=background-color:gold|titlestyle=background-color:gold}}\n{{Katolik-stub}}\n{{Timor Leste-stub}}\n[[Kategori:Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste| ]]\n[[Kategori:Gereja Katolik menurut negara|Timor Leste]]\n[[Kategori:Gereja Katolik di Asia|Timor Leste]]\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan di Timor Leste|Gereja Katolik]]","hash":"fcb31e8551ec61961e276967617cfd05f8576606b8828be228855487bb4b13ac","last_revision":"2024-02-09T13:42:11Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T03:54:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.940645","cross_lingual_links":{"cs":"Římskokatolická církev ve Východním Timoru","de":"Römisch-katholische Kirche in Osttimor","en":"Catholic Church in Timor-Leste","es":"Iglesia católica en Timor Oriental","it":"Chiesa cattolica a Timor Est","ko":"동티모르의 로마 가톨릭교회","nl":"Katholieke Kerk in Oost-Timor","pl":"Podział administracyjny Kościoła katolickiego na Timorze Wschodnim","pt":"Igreja Católica em Timor-Leste","ru":"Католицизм в Восточном Тиморе","tet":"Igreja Katólika iha Timor-Leste","uk":"Католицька церква в Східному Тиморі"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.743474","text":"Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma. Sejak kemerdekaannya dari Indonesia, Timor Timur menjadi negara mayoritas Katolik kedua di Asia (setelah Filipina), warisan statusnya sebagai bekas koloni Portugis. Sekitar 88,84% dari populasi adalah Katolik Roma di Timor Timur pada tahun 2006, yang berarti lebih dari 900.000 orang.\n\nNegara ini dibagi menjadi tiga keuskupan: Dili, Baucau dan Maliana (didirikan tahun 2010). Keuskupan ini berafiliasi langsung pada Tahta Suci.\n\nNuncio Apostolik untuk Timor Timur pada saat ini adalah duta delegasi untuk Indonesia. Duta saat ini dijabat oleh Uskup Agung Italia, Leopoldo Girelli, dan kedutaannya yang terletak di Jakarta.\n\nKategori:Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste Timor Leste Timor Leste Gereja Katolik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma.","translated_text":"The Catholic Church in Timor Leste is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and the Curia in Rome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak kemerdekaannya dari Indonesia, Timor Timur menjadi negara mayoritas Katolik kedua di Asia (setelah Filipina), warisan statusnya sebagai bekas koloni Portugis.","translated_text":"Since independence from Indonesia, East Timor has become the second Catholic majority country in Asia (after the Philippines), inheriting its status as a former Portuguese colony.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 88,84% dari populasi adalah Katolik Roma di Timor Timur pada tahun 2006, yang berarti lebih dari 900.000 orang.","translated_text":"About 88.84% of the population was Roman Catholic in East Timor in 2006, which means more than 900,000 people.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |dead-url=no }}","char_index":15,"name":null,"url":"http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.595796-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |dead-url=no }}","char_index":15,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:16.969251-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Negara ini dibagi menjadi tiga keuskupan: Dili, Baucau dan Maliana (didirikan tahun 2010).","translated_text":"The country is divided into three dioceses: Dili, Baucau and Maliana (established in 2010).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keuskupan ini berafiliasi langsung pada Tahta Suci.","translated_text":"This diocese is directly affiliated with the Holy See.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nuncio Apostolik untuk Timor Timur pada saat ini adalah duta delegasi untuk Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Apostolic Nuncio to East Timor is currently the delegation ambassador to Indonesia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|title=New Timor Nuncio presents credentials, calls for end to conflict|work=Catholic News|date=March 2, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10|archive-date=2007-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":158638,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:17.040375-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (45 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|title=New Timor Nuncio presents credentials, calls for end to conflict|work=Catholic News|date=March 2, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10|archive-date=2007-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.039920-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Duta saat ini dijabat oleh Uskup Agung Italia, Leopoldo Girelli, dan kedutaannya yang terletak di Jakarta.","translated_text":"The current ambassador is the Archbishop of Italy, Leopoldo Girelli, and his embassy is located in Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web | url=http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | title=Embassy and Consulates | publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia | accessdate=2008-01-10 | archive-date=2008-08-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | dead-url=yes }}","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.109332-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web | url=http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | title=Embassy and Consulates | publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia | accessdate=2008-01-10 | archive-date=2008-08-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | dead-url=yes }}","char_index":106,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.131632-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste Timor Leste Timor Leste Gereja Katolik","translated_text":"Category:Catholic churches in Timor Leste Timor Leste Timor Leste Catholic church","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Gereja Katolik di Timor Leste merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma. Sejak kemerdekaannya dari Indonesia, Timor Timur menjadi negara mayoritas Katolik kedua di Asia (setelah Filipina), warisan statusnya sebagai bekas koloni Portugis. Sekitar 88,84% dari populasi adalah Katolik Roma di Timor Timur pada tahun 2006, yang berarti lebih dari 900.000 orang.","translated_text":"The Catholic Church in Timor Leste is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and the Curia in Rome. Since independence from Indonesia, East Timor has become the second Catholic majority country in Asia (after the Philippines), inheriting its status as a former Portuguese colony. About 88.84% of the population was Roman Catholic in East Timor in 2006, which means more than 900,000 people.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |dead-url=no }}","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:52:46.595796-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm |dead-url=no }}","char_index":323,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180925191935/http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2008-12/05-6/proportioncathos08.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:16.969251-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nuncio Apostolik untuk Timor Timur pada saat ini adalah duta delegasi untuk Indonesia.","translated_text":"The Apostolic Nuncio to East Timor is currently the delegation ambassador to Indonesia.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|title=New Timor Nuncio presents credentials, calls for end to conflict|work=Catholic News|date=March 2, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10|archive-date=2007-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":158638,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:17.040375-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (45 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite news|url=http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|title=New Timor Nuncio presents credentials, calls for end to conflict|work=Catholic News|date=March 2, 2007|accessdate=2008-01-10|archive-date=2007-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":86,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20070306173509/http://www.cathnews.com/news/703/13.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.039920-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Nuncio Apostolik untuk Timor Timur pada saat ini adalah duta delegasi untuk Indonesia. Duta saat ini dijabat oleh Uskup Agung Italia, Leopoldo Girelli, dan kedutaannya yang terletak di Jakarta.","translated_text":"The Apostolic Nuncio to East Timor is currently the delegation ambassador to Indonesia. The current ambassador is the Archbishop of Italy, Leopoldo Girelli, and his embassy is located in Jakarta.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web | url=http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | title=Embassy and Consulates | publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia | accessdate=2008-01-10 | archive-date=2008-08-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | dead-url=yes }}","char_index":193,"name":null,"url":"http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.109332-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web | url=http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | title=Embassy and Consulates | publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia | accessdate=2008-01-10 | archive-date=2008-08-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1 | dead-url=yes }}","char_index":193,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20080807082354/http://www.deplu.go.id/?embassy=1","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:18.131632-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Templat:Bio","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Templat:Kotak info tokoh]]","hash":"a8146fc940f748ec8cec7790b09db81cd04e9489cdc6949988bb2e351112968d","last_revision":"2018-05-30T05:15:34Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:02:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:15.997024","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Templat:Kotak info tokoh\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Templat:Kotak info tokoh","translated_text":"Template:Figure information box","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Modul:Bio","wikicode":"--[[\n* Modulo per implementare le funzionalità di Bio\n* Traduce in lua:\n* Template:Bio\n* Template:Bio/Kategori_attività\n* Template:Bio/cat\n* Template:Bio/catnatimorti\n* Template:Bio/epoca\n* Template:Bio/articolo\n* Template:Bio/articolo_F\n* Template:Bio/link attività\n* Template:Bio/link nazionalità\n* Template:Bio/plurale_attività\n* Template:Bio/plurale_nazionalità\n* Template:Bio/warning_A\n* Template:Bio/warning_N\n* Template:Primo del mese\n*\n* utilizza:\n* Template:Avviso\n]]\n\n-- Variabili globali\nlocal p = {} -- per l'esportazione delle funzioni del modulo\nlocal args -- argomenti passati al template\nlocal textTable = {} -- table per contenere la risposta da ritornare\nlocal SPACE = \" \" -- HTML Entity Code per lo spazio\n\n-- Configurazione\nlocal cfg\nlocal link_attivita\nlocal link_nazionalita\nlocal plurale_attivita\nlocal plurale_nazionalita\nlocal attivitaParams = { \"Attività\", \"Attività2\", \"Attività3\" }\nlocal nazionalitaParams = { \"Nazionalità\", \"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\", \"Cittadinanza\" }\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-- Funzioni di utilità\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n-- Aggiunge testo alla risposta, svolge anche la funzione di concatenatore\nlocal function dumpText(...)\n local arg = {...}\n\n for _, val in ipairs(arg) do\n table.insert(textTable, val)\n end\nend\n\n-- Aggiunge una Kategori alla risposta\nlocal function dumpCategory(category)\n if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then\n dumpText(\"[[Kategori:\", category, \"]]\", \"\\n\")\n end\nend\n\n-- Aggiunge un wlink alla risposta, se target è nil utilizza label come target.\n-- labelPrefix, se presente, viene rimosso dalla label e anteposto al wlink.\nlocal function dumpWlink(target, label, labelPrefix)\n if target and label and labelPrefix then\n label, count = label:gsub(\"^\" .. labelPrefix .. \" \", \"\")\n if count == 1 then\n dumpText(labelPrefix, SPACE)\n end\n end\n\n if target and label then\n dumpText(\"[[\", target, \"|\", label, \"]]\")\n else\n dumpText(\"[[\", target or label, \"]]\")\n end\nend\n\n-- Aggiunge una immagine alla risposta, size e caption sono opzionali\nlocal function dumpImage(name, size, caption)\n dumpText(\"[[File:\", name, \"|thumb\")\n\n if size then\n dumpText(\"|\", size, \"px\")\n end\n if caption then\n dumpText(\"|\", caption)\n end\n\n dumpText(\"]]\", \"\\n\")\nend\n\n-- Aggiunge l'output del [[Template:Avviso]] e una Kategori di warning alla risposta\nlocal function dumpAvviso(tipo, immagine, immagine_a_destra, testo, category)\n local text\n\n text = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate {\n title = \"Avviso\",\n args = {\n [\"tipo\"] = tipo,\n [\"immagine\"] = immagine,\n [\"immagine a destra\"] = immagine_a_destra,\n [\"testo\"] = testo\n }\n }\n\n dumpText(text)\n if category then\n dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[category])\n end\nend\n\n-- Wrapper di mw.title.exists, verifica sia che name sia valido, sia che esista\nlocal function titleExists(name)\n local title = mw.title.new(name)\n\n return title and title.exists\nend\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del [[Template:Primo del mese]]\n-- Se date inizia con \"1 \" o \"1°\" ritorna una nuova data che inizia per \"1º\", altrimenti date\nlocal function fixFirstOfMonth(date)\n date = date:gsub(\"^1%s\", \"1º \")\n date = date:gsub(\"^1\\194\\176\", \"1º\")\n\n return date\nend\n\n-- Ritorna \"ed\" se nextWord inizia con \"e\", altrimenti \"e\"\nlocal function getEufonica(nextWord)\n return nextWord:sub(1, 1) == \"e\" and \"ed\" or \"e\"\nend\n\n-- Parsifica un TimeValue di Wikidata e ne ritorna \"giornomese, anno\"\nlocal function parseWikidataTimeValue(property)\n local entity, value, year, month, day, daymonth\n\n entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject()\n if entity and entity.claims and\n entity.claims[property] and #entity.claims[property] > 0 and\n entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == \"value\" then\n value = entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value\n year, month, day = value.time:match(\".+(%d%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d).+\")\n if value.precision == 11 then\n month = mw.getLanguage(\"it\"):formatDate(\"F\", tonumber(year) .. \"-\" .. month .. \"-\" .. day)\n daymonth = tonumber(day) .. \" \" .. month\n end\n if value.precision == 9 or value.precision == 11 then\n year = tonumber(year) .. (value.time:sub(1, 1) == \"-\" and \" a.C.\" or \"\")\n end\n end\n\n return daymonth, year\nend\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-- Parsing parametri\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n-- Utilizzata da parseParams per controllare il valore di un parametro.\n-- Ritorna true se il valore è valido altrimenti false.\nlocal function checkParamValue(value, valueTest, otherArgs)\n local ret = true\n\n if type(valueTest) == \"function\" then\n ret = valueTest(value, otherArgs)\n elseif type(valueTest) == \"string\" and not value:match(valueTest) then\n ret = false\n end\n\n return ret\nend\n\n-- Parsifica i parametri passati al modulo e aggiunge eventuali Kategori di errore.\n-- Ritorna i parametri conosciuti scartando quelli valorizzati a stringa vuota.\nlocal function parseParams(origArgs)\n local paramcfg = require(\"Modulo:Bio/Parametri\")\n local retArgs = {}\n\n -- controlla i parametri conosciuti e li copia\n for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do\n if paramcfg.params[k] then\n if v ~= \"\" then\n retArgs[k] = v\n end\n else\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo,\n cfg.warningParams.immagine,\n cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", \"il parametro '\" ..\n (tonumber(k) and (v == \"\" and \" \" or v) or k ) .. \"' è sconosciuto\"), \"unknown-params\")\n end\n end\n\n -- controlla il valore\n for i, validator in pairs(paramcfg.validators) do\n if retArgs[validator.param] then\n if not checkParamValue(retArgs[validator.param], validator.valuetest, retArgs) then\n if validator.errmsg then\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo,\n cfg.warningParams.immagine,\n cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", validator.errmsg), nil)\n end\n dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"wrong-params\"])\n end\n end\n end\n\n return retArgs\nend\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-- Gestione Kategori\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale dell'attività o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning)\nlocal function getPluralAttivita(attivita, warning)\n local plural\n\n plurale_attivita = plurale_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale attività\")\n plural = plurale_attivita[attivita]\n if not plural and warning then\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", attivita) .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\")\n end\n\n return plural\nend\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale della nazionalità o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning)\nlocal function getPluralNazionalita(nazionalita, warning)\n local plural\n\n plurale_nazionalita = plurale_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale nazionalità\")\n plural = plurale_nazionalita[nazionalita]\n if not plural and warning then\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", nazionalita) .. cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\")\n end\n\n return plural\nend\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale dei parametri necessari per le Kategori\nlocal function getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita()\n local plurals = {}\n\n if not args[\"Nazionalità\"] then\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2b .. cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\")\n end\n for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do\n if args[nazionalita] then\n plurals[nazionalita] = getPluralNazionalita(args[nazionalita], true)\n end\n end\n if not args[\"Attività\"] then\n dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra,\n cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.testo2b .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\")\n end\n for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do\n if args[attivita] then\n plurals[attivita] = getPluralAttivita(args[attivita], true)\n end\n end\n\n return plurals\nend\n\n-- Aggiunge le Kategori: Attività nazionalità [del XYZ secolo]\nlocal function addAttivitaKategoris(plurals)\n local catname, epoca1, epoca2, added\n\n epoca1 = args[\"Epoca\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca\"]]\n epoca2 = args[\"Epoca2\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca2\"]]\n for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do\n if plurals[attivita] then\n for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do\n if plurals[nazionalita] then\n added = false\n catname = plurals[attivita] .. \" \" .. plurals[nazionalita]\n for _, epoca in ipairs({ epoca1, epoca2 }) do\n if epoca and titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. catname .. \" \" .. epoca) then\n dumpCategory(catname .. \" \" .. epoca)\n added = true\n end\n end\n -- se non è stata aggiunta la Kategori per epoca1 e epoca2\n -- aggiunge la cat. semplice, e.g. \"Scrittori italiani\"\n if not added then\n dumpCategory(catname)\n end\n end\n end\n end\n end\nend\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del [[Template:Bio/catnatimorti]]\n-- Aggiunge le Kategori: Nati/Morti nell'anno/giorno/luogo\nlocal function addNatiMortiKategoris()\n local cat1, cat2\n\n if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then\n cat1 = \"Nati nel \" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"]\n cat2 = \"Nati nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n end\n\n if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then\n cat1 = \"Morti nel \" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"]\n cat2 = \"Morti nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] \n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n else\n dumpCategory(\"Persone viventi\")\n end\n\n if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then\n cat1 = \"Nati il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"])\n cat2 = \"Nati l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end \n end\n \n if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then\n cat1 = \"Morti il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"])\n cat2 = \"Morti l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end \n end\n \n if args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] then\n cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"]\n cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n elseif args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then\n cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"]\n cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n end\n\n if args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] then\n cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"]\n cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n elseif args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then\n cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"]\n cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"]\n if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then\n dumpCategory(cat1)\n elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then\n dumpCategory(cat2)\n end\n end\nend\n\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n-- Creazione incipit\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n-- Ritorna il link dell'attività o nil se non trovato\nlocal function getLinkAttivita(attivita)\n link_attivita = link_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link attività\")\n return link_attivita[attivita]\nend\n\n-- Ritorna il link della nazionalità o nil se non trovato.\nlocal function getLinkNazionalita(nazionalita)\n link_nazionalita = link_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link nazionalità\")\n return link_nazionalita[nazionalita]\nend\n\n-- Prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata\nlocal function checkWikidata()\n local daymonth, year\n\n -- GiornoMeseNascita e AnnoNascita\n if not args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or not args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then\n daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P569\")\n args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or daymonth\n args[\"AnnoNascita\"] = args[\"AnnoNascita\"] or year\n end\n -- GiornoMeseMorte e AnnoMorte\n if not args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or not args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then\n daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P570\")\n args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or daymonth\n args[\"AnnoMorte\"] = args[\"AnnoMorte\"] or year\n end\nend\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del [[Template:Bio/articolo]]\nlocal function getArticleMan(attivita)\n local article\n\n if cfg.articoli_maschili[\"uno\"][attivita] then\n article = \"uno\"\n elseif cfg.articoli_maschili[\"una\"][attivita] then\n article = \"una\"\n else\n article = \"un\"\n end\n\n return article\nend\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del [[Template:Bio/articolo_F]]\n-- aggiunge anche uno spazio nel caso non usi l'apostrofo\nlocal function getArticleWoman(attivita)\n local article\n\n if cfg.articoli_femminili[\"un\"][attivita] then\n article = \"un\" .. SPACE\n elseif attivita and attivita:match(\"^[aeiou]\") then\n article = \"un'\"\n else\n article = \"una\" .. SPACE\n end\n\n return article\nend\n\nlocal function addImmagine()\n local caption\n\n if args[\"Immagine\"] then\n if args[\"Didascalia\"] then\n caption = args[\"Didascalia\"]\n else\n if args[\"Nome\"] then\n caption = args[\"Nome\"]\n end\n if args[\"Cognome\"] then\n caption = (caption or \"\") .. \" \" .. args[\"Cognome\"]\n end\n end\n if args[\"Didascalia2\"] then\n caption = (caption or \"\") .. \"
\" .. args[\"Didascalia2\"]\n end\n dumpImage(args[\"Immagine\"], args[\"DimImmagine\"], caption)\n elseif args[\"Didascalia2\"] then\n -- parentesi () extra per non ritornare anche il gsub.count\n dumpText( (cfg.didascalia2:gsub(\"$1\", args[\"Didascalia2\"])) )\n end\nend\n\nlocal function addNomeCognome()\n if args[\"Titolo\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"Titolo\"], SPACE)\n end\n\n -- inizio grassetto\n dumpText(\"'''\")\n\n if args[\"Nome\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"Nome\"])\n end\n\n if args[\"Cognome\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, args[\"Cognome\"])\n end\n\n -- fine grassetto\n dumpText(\"'''\")\n\n if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then\n dumpText(\",\", SPACE, args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"])\n end\n\n if args[\"PostCognome\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, args[\"PostCognome\"])\n end\nend\n\nlocal function addNascitaMorte()\n -- si apre la parentesi\n dumpText(SPACE, \"(\")\n\n if args[\"PreData\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"PreData\"], \";\", SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then\n dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"], args[\"LuogoNascita\"])\n if args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"])\n end\n dumpText(\",\", SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then\n if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) then\n dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"])\n else\n dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"])\n end\n dumpText(SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then\n if titleExists(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) then\n dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoNascita\"])\n else\n dumpText(args[\"AnnoNascita\"])\n end\n else\n dumpText(\"...\")\n end\n\n if args[\"NoteNascita\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"NoteNascita\"])\n end\n\n if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, \"–\", SPACE)\n if args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then\n dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"], args[\"LuogoMorte\"])\n if args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"])\n end\n dumpText(\",\", SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then\n if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) then\n dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"])\n else\n dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"])\n end\n dumpText(SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then\n if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] == \"?\" then\n dumpText(\"...\")\n else\n if titleExists(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) then\n dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoMorte\"])\n else\n dumpText(args[\"AnnoMorte\"])\n end\n end\n end\n end\n\n if args[\"NoteMorte\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"NoteMorte\"])\n end\n\n -- si chiude la parentesi\n dumpText(\")\")\nend\n\nlocal function addAttivita()\n if args[\"PreAttività\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"PreAttività\"], SPACE)\n else\n dumpText(\"è\", SPACE)\n if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then\n dumpText((not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\")\n and \"stato\" or \"stata\", SPACE)\n end\n if not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\" then\n dumpText(getArticleMan(args[\"Attività\"]), SPACE)\n else\n dumpText(getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"]))\n end\n end\n\n dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività\"]), args[\"Attività\"] or \"\", \"ex\")\n\n if args[\"Attività2\"] then\n if args[\"Attività3\"] or args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then\n dumpText(\",\")\n else\n dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività2\"]))\n end\n dumpText(SPACE)\n dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività2\"]), args[\"Attività2\"], \"ex\")\n end\n\n if args[\"Attività3\"] then\n if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then\n dumpText(\",\")\n else\n dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività3\"]))\n end\n dumpText(SPACE)\n dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività3\"]), args[\"Attività3\"], \"ex\")\n end\n\n if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"AttivitàAltre\"])\n end\n\n dumpText(SPACE)\n dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Nazionalità\"]), args[\"Nazionalità\"] or \"\")\n\n if args[\"Cittadinanza\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE, \"con cittadinanza\", SPACE)\n dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Cittadinanza\"]), args[\"Cittadinanza\"])\n end\n\n if args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"] then\n dumpText(SPACE)\n dumpWlink(\"Naturalizzazione\",\n (not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\" or\n (args[\"Sesso\"] == \"F\" and getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"]) == \"un \")) and\n \"naturalizzato\" or \"naturalizzata\")\n dumpText(SPACE)\n dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"]), args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"])\n end\n\n if args[\"PostNazionalità\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"PostNazionalità\"])\n end\nend\n\n-- Traduzione in lua di [[Template:Bio]]\nlocal function bio()\n local ret, sortkey, plurals\n\n -- lettura configurazione\n cfg = mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Configurazione\")\n \n -- parsifica i parametri e aggiunge eventuali messaggi e Kategori di errore \n args = parseParams(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args)\n\n -- prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata\n if cfg.wikidata then\n checkWikidata()\n end\n\n -- controllo attività e nazionalità\n if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then \n plurals = getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita()\n end\n\n -- le Kategori sono aggiunte solo se la pagina è nel namespace principale (0)\n if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then\n -- imposta la magic word defaultsort\n if args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] then\n sortkey = args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"]\n elseif args[\"Cognome\"] and args[\"Nome\"] then\n sortkey = args[\"Cognome\"] .. \" ,\" .. args[\"Nome\"]\n end\n if sortkey then\n mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(\"{{DEFAULTSORT:\" .. sortkey .. \"}}\")\n end\n -- Kategori impostato a \"no\" disabilita la categorizzazione per attività\n if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then\n addAttivitaKategoris(plurals)\n end\n addNatiMortiKategoris()\n dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"bot\"])\n end\n\n addImmagine()\n addNomeCognome()\n addNascitaMorte()\n\n if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then\n dumpText(\",\")\n end\n\n if args[\"FineIncipit\"] ~= \",\" then\n dumpText(SPACE)\n end\n\n if args[\"FineIncipit\"] then\n dumpText(args[\"FineIncipit\"])\n else\n addAttivita()\n end\n\n if args[\"Punto\"] ~= \"no\" then\n dumpText((args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \"e\" or\n args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \"ed\" or \n args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \",\") and\n SPACE or \".\")\n end\n\n return table.concat(textTable)\nend\n\n-- Entry-point per {{Bio/link attività}}\nfunction p.linkAttivita(frame)\n return getLinkAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1])\nend\n\n-- Entry-point per {{Bio/link nazionalità}}\nfunction p.linkNazionalita(frame)\n return getLinkNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1])\nend\n\n-- Entry-point per {{Bio/plurale attività}}\nfunction p.pluraleAttivita(frame)\n return getPluralAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1])\nend\n\n-- Entry-point per {{Bio/plurale nazionalità}}\nfunction p.pluraleNazionalita(frame)\n return getPluralNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1])\nend\n\n-- Entry-point per {{Bio}}\nfunction p.bio(frame)\n return bio()\nend\n\nreturn p","hash":"383a88f0263ea6dad83ba8a6062a70b2d36c549c9d2b5b5a75b58e1e4115e68c","last_revision":"2014-04-28T04:05:35Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:05:35Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:16.048449","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"--[[ Modulo per implementare le funzionalità di Bio Traduce in lua: Template:Bio Template:Bio/Kategori_attività Template:Bio/cat Template:Bio/catnatimorti Template:Bio/epoca Template:Bio/articolo Template:Bio/articolo_F Template:Bio/link attività Template:Bio/link nazionalità Template:Bio/plurale_attività Template:Bio/plurale_nazionalità Template:Bio/warning_A Template:Bio/warning_N Template:Primo del mese\n\nutilizza: Template:Avviso ]]\n\n-- Variabili globali local p = {} -- per l'esportazione delle funzioni del modulo local args -- argomenti passati al template local textTable = {} -- table per contenere la risposta da ritornare local SPACE = \" \" -- HTML Entity Code per lo spazio\n\n-- Configurazione local cfg local link_attivita local link_nazionalita local plurale_attivita local plurale_nazionalita local attivitaParams = { \"Attività\", \"Attività2\", \"Attività3\" } local nazionalitaParams = { \"Nazionalità\", \"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\", \"Cittadinanza\" }\n\n-- Funzioni di utilità\n\n-- Aggiunge testo alla risposta, svolge anche la funzione di concatenatore local function dumpText(...) local arg = {...}\n\nfor _, val in ipairs(arg) do table.insert(textTable, val) end end\n\n-- Aggiunge una Kategori alla risposta local function dumpCategory(category) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then dumpText(\"Kategori:\", category, \"\", \"\\n\") end end\n\n-- Aggiunge un wlink alla risposta, se target è nil utilizza label come target. -- labelPrefix, se presente, viene rimosso dalla label e anteposto al wlink. local function dumpWlink(target, label, labelPrefix) if target and label and labelPrefix then label, count = label:gsub(\"^\" .. labelPrefix .. \" \", \"\") if count == 1 then dumpText(labelPrefix, SPACE) end end\n\nif target and label then dumpText(\"\", label, \"\") else dumpText(\"\", target or label, \"\") end end\n\n-- Aggiunge una immagine alla risposta, size e caption sono opzionali local function dumpImage(name, size, caption) dumpText(\"\", \"\\n\") end\n\n-- Aggiunge l'output del Template:Avviso e una Kategori di warning alla risposta local function dumpAvviso(tipo, immagine, immagine_a_destra, testo, category) local text\n\ntext = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = \"Avviso\", args = { [\"tipo\"] = tipo, [\"immagine\"] = immagine, [\"immagine a destra\"] = immagine_a_destra, [\"testo\"] = testo } }\n\ndumpText(text) if category then dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[category]) end end\n\n-- Wrapper di mw.title.exists, verifica sia che name sia valido, sia che esista local function titleExists(name) local title = mw.title.new(name)\n\nreturn title and title.exists end\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Primo del mese -- Se date inizia con \"1 \" o \"1°\" ritorna una nuova data che inizia per \"1º\", altrimenti date local function fixFirstOfMonth(date) date = date:gsub(\"^1%s\", \"1º \") date = date:gsub(\"^1\\194\\176\", \"1º\")\n\nreturn date end\n\n-- Ritorna \"ed\" se nextWord inizia con \"e\", altrimenti \"e\" local function getEufonica(nextWord) return nextWord:sub(1, 1) == \"e\" and \"ed\" or \"e\" end\n\n-- Parsifica un TimeValue di Wikidata e ne ritorna \"giornomese, anno\" local function parseWikidataTimeValue(property) local entity, value, year, month, day, daymonth\n\nentity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims[property] and #entity.claims[property] > 0 and entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == \"value\" then value = entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value year, month, day = value.time:match(\".+(%d%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d).+\") if value.precision == 11 then month = mw.getLanguage(\"it\"):formatDate(\"F\", tonumber(year) .. \"-\" .. month .. \"-\" .. day) daymonth = tonumber(day) .. \" \" .. month end if value.precision == 9 or value.precision == 11 then year = tonumber(year) .. (value.time:sub(1, 1) == \"-\" and \" a.C.\" or \"\") end end\n\nreturn daymonth, year end\n\n-- Parsing parametri\n\n-- Utilizzata da parseParams per controllare il valore di un parametro. -- Ritorna true se il valore è valido altrimenti false. local function checkParamValue(value, valueTest, otherArgs) local ret = true\n\nif type(valueTest) == \"function\" then ret = valueTest(value, otherArgs) elseif type(valueTest) == \"string\" and not value:match(valueTest) then ret = false end\n\nreturn ret end\n\n-- Parsifica i parametri passati al modulo e aggiunge eventuali Kategori di errore. -- Ritorna i parametri conosciuti scartando quelli valorizzati a stringa vuota. local function parseParams(origArgs) local paramcfg = require(\"Modulo:Bio/Parametri\") local retArgs = {}\n\n-- controlla i parametri conosciuti e li copia for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if paramcfg.params[k] then if v ~= \"\" then retArgs[k] = v end else dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", \"il parametro '\" .. (tonumber(k) and (v == \"\" and \" \" or v) or k ) .. \"' è sconosciuto\"), \"unknown-params\") end end\n\n-- controlla il valore for i, validator in pairs(paramcfg.validators) do if retArgs[validator.param] then if not checkParamValue(retArgs[validator.param], validator.valuetest, retArgs) then if validator.errmsg then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", validator.errmsg), nil) end dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"wrong-params\"]) end end end\n\nreturn retArgs end\n\n-- Gestione Kategori\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale dell'attività o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning) local function getPluralAttivita(attivita, warning) local plural\n\nplurale_attivita = plurale_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale attività\") plural = plurale_attivita[attivita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", attivita) .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\") end\n\nreturn plural end\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale della nazionalità o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning) local function getPluralNazionalita(nazionalita, warning) local plural\n\nplurale_nazionalita = plurale_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale nazionalità\") plural = plurale_nazionalita[nazionalita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", nazionalita) .. cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\") end\n\nreturn plural end\n\n-- Ritorna il plurale dei parametri necessari per le Kategori local function getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() local plurals = {}\n\nif not args[\"Nazionalità\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2b .. cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if args[nazionalita] then plurals[nazionalita] = getPluralNazionalita(args[nazionalita], true) end end if not args[\"Attività\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.testo2b .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do if args[attivita] then plurals[attivita] = getPluralAttivita(args[attivita], true) end end\n\nreturn plurals end\n\n-- Aggiunge le Kategori: Attività nazionalità [del XYZ secolo] local function addAttivitaKategoris(plurals) local catname, epoca1, epoca2, added\n\nepoca1 = args[\"Epoca\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca\"]] epoca2 = args[\"Epoca2\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca2\"]] for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do if plurals[attivita] then for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if plurals[nazionalita] then added = false catname = plurals[attivita] .. \" \" .. plurals[nazionalita] for _, epoca in ipairs({ epoca1, epoca2 }) do if epoca and titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. catname .. \" \" .. epoca) then dumpCategory(catname .. \" \" .. epoca) added = true end end -- se non è stata aggiunta la Kategori per epoca1 e epoca2 -- aggiunge la cat. semplice, e.g. \"Scrittori italiani\" if not added then dumpCategory(catname) end end end end end end\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/catnatimorti -- Aggiunge le Kategori: Nati/Morti nell'anno/giorno/luogo local function addNatiMortiKategoris() local cat1, cat2\n\nif args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati nel \" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end\n\nif args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti nel \" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] cat2 = \"Morti nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end else dumpCategory(\"Persone viventi\") end\n\nif args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) cat2 = \"Nati l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end\n\nif args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) cat2 = \"Morti l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end\n\nif args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end\n\nif args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end end\n\n-- Creazione incipit\n\n-- Ritorna il link dell'attività o nil se non trovato local function getLinkAttivita(attivita) link_attivita = link_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link attività\") return link_attivita[attivita] end\n\n-- Ritorna il link della nazionalità o nil se non trovato. local function getLinkNazionalita(nazionalita) link_nazionalita = link_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link nazionalità\") return link_nazionalita[nazionalita] end\n\n-- Prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata local function checkWikidata() local daymonth, year\n\n-- GiornoMeseNascita e AnnoNascita if not args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or not args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P569\") args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or daymonth args[\"AnnoNascita\"] = args[\"AnnoNascita\"] or year end -- GiornoMeseMorte e AnnoMorte if not args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or not args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P570\") args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or daymonth args[\"AnnoMorte\"] = args[\"AnnoMorte\"] or year end end\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/articolo local function getArticleMan(attivita) local article\n\nif cfg.articoli_maschili[\"uno\"][attivita] then article = \"uno\" elseif cfg.articoli_maschili[\"una\"][attivita] then article = \"una\" else article = \"un\" end\n\nreturn article end\n\n-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/articolo_F -- aggiunge anche uno spazio nel caso non usi l'apostrofo local function getArticleWoman(attivita) local article\n\nif cfg.articoli_femminili[\"un\"][attivita] then article = \"un\" .. SPACE elseif attivita and attivita:match(\"^[aeiou]\") then article = \"un'\" else article = \"una\" .. SPACE end\n\nreturn article end\n\nlocal function addImmagine() local caption\n\nif args[\"Immagine\"] then if args[\"Didascalia\"] then caption = args[\"Didascalia\"] else if args[\"Nome\"] then caption = args[\"Nome\"] end if args[\"Cognome\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") .. \" \" .. args[\"Cognome\"] end end if args[\"Didascalia2\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") .. \"\n\n\" .. args[\"Didascalia2\"] end dumpImage(args[\"Immagine\"], args[\"DimImmagine\"], caption) elseif args[\"Didascalia2\"] then -- parentesi () extra per non ritornare anche il gsub.count dumpText( (cfg.didascalia2:gsub(\"$1\", args[\"Didascalia2\"])) ) end end\n\nlocal function addNomeCognome() if args[\"Titolo\"] then dumpText(args[\"Titolo\"], SPACE) end\n\n-- inizio grassetto dumpText(\"\")\n\nif args[\"Nome\"] then dumpText(args[\"Nome\"]) end\n\nif args[\"Cognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"Cognome\"]) end\n\n-- fine grassetto dumpText(\"\")\n\nif args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\", SPACE, args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"]) end\n\nif args[\"PostCognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"PostCognome\"]) end end\n\nlocal function addNascitaMorte() -- si apre la parentesi dumpText(SPACE, \"(\")\n\nif args[\"PreData\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreData\"], \";\", SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"], args[\"LuogoNascita\"]) if args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\", SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) end else dumpText(\"...\") end\n\nif args[\"NoteNascita\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteNascita\"]) end\n\nif args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \"–\", SPACE) if args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"], args[\"LuogoMorte\"]) if args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\", SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] == \"?\" then dumpText(\"...\") else if titleExists(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) end end end end\n\nif args[\"NoteMorte\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteMorte\"]) end\n\n-- si chiude la parentesi dumpText(\")\") end\n\nlocal function addAttivita() if args[\"PreAttività\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreAttività\"], SPACE) else dumpText(\"è\", SPACE) if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText((not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\") and \"stato\" or \"stata\", SPACE) end if not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\" then dumpText(getArticleMan(args[\"Attività\"]), SPACE) else dumpText(getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"])) end end\n\ndumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività\"]), args[\"Attività\"] or \"\", \"ex\")\n\nif args[\"Attività2\"] then if args[\"Attività3\"] or args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(\",\") else dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività2\"])) end dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività2\"]), args[\"Attività2\"], \"ex\") end\n\nif args[\"Attività3\"] then if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(\",\") else dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività3\"])) end dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività3\"]), args[\"Attività3\"], \"ex\") end\n\nif args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(args[\"AttivitàAltre\"]) end\n\ndumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Nazionalità\"]), args[\"Nazionalità\"] or \"\")\n\nif args[\"Cittadinanza\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \"con cittadinanza\", SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Cittadinanza\"]), args[\"Cittadinanza\"]) end\n\nif args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"] then dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(\"Naturalizzazione\", (not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] == \"M\" or (args[\"Sesso\"] == \"F\" and getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"]) == \"un \")) and \"naturalizzato\" or \"naturalizzata\") dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"]), args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"]) end\n\nif args[\"PostNazionalità\"] then dumpText(args[\"PostNazionalità\"]) end end\n\n-- Traduzione in lua di Template:Bio local function bio() local ret, sortkey, plurals\n\n-- lettura configurazione cfg = mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Configurazione\")\n\n-- parsifica i parametri e aggiunge eventuali messaggi e Kategori di errore args = parseParams(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args)\n\n-- prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata if cfg.wikidata then checkWikidata() end\n\n-- controllo attività e nazionalità if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then plurals = getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() end\n\n-- le Kategori sono aggiunte solo se la pagina è nel namespace principale (0) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then -- imposta la magic word defaultsort if args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] then sortkey = args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] elseif args[\"Cognome\"] and args[\"Nome\"] then sortkey = args[\"Cognome\"] .. \" ,\" .. args[\"Nome\"] end if sortkey then mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(\"\") end -- Kategori impostato a \"no\" disabilita la categorizzazione per attività if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then addAttivitaKategoris(plurals) end addNatiMortiKategoris() dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"bot\"]) end\n\naddImmagine() addNomeCognome() addNascitaMorte()\n\nif args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\") end\n\nif args[\"FineIncipit\"] ~= \",\" then dumpText(SPACE) end\n\nif args[\"FineIncipit\"] then dumpText(args[\"FineIncipit\"]) else addAttivita() end\n\nif args[\"Punto\"] ~= \"no\" then dumpText((args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \"e\" or args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \"ed\" or args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \",\") and SPACE or \".\") end\n\nreturn table.concat(textTable) end\n\n-- Entry-point per function p.linkAttivita(frame) return getLinkAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end\n\n-- Entry-point per function p.linkNazionalita(frame) return getLinkNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end\n\n-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleAttivita(frame) return getPluralAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end\n\n-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleNazionalita(frame) return getPluralNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end\n\n-- Entry-point per function p.bio(frame) return bio() end\n\nreturn p\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"--[[ Modulo per implementare le funzionalità di Bio Traduce in lua: Template:Bio Template:Bio/Kategori_attività Template:Bio/cat Template:Bio/catnatimorti Template:Bio/epoca Template:Bio/articolo Template:Bio/articolo_F Template:Bio/link attività Template:Bio/link nazionalità Template:Bio/plurale_attività Template:Bio/plurale_nazionalità Template:Bio/warning_A Template:Bio/warning_N Template:Primo del mese","translated_text":"--[[ Modulo per implementare le funzionalità di Bio Traduce in lua: Template:Bio Template:Bio/Kategori_attività Template:Bio/cat Template:Bio/catnatimorti Template:Bio/epoca Template:Bio/article Template:Bio/article_F Template:Bio/link attività Template:Bio/link nazionalità Template:Bio/plurale_attività Template:Bio/plurale_nazionalità Template:Bio/warning_A Template:Bio/warning_N Template:Primo del mese","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"utilizza: Template:Avviso ]]","translated_text":"use: Template:Avviso ]]","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Variabili globali local p = {} -- per l'esportazione delle funzioni del modulo local args -- argomenti passati al template local textTable = {} -- table per contenere la risposta da ritornare local SPACE = \" \" -- HTML Entity Code per lo spazio","translated_text":"-- Global local variables p = {} -- per l'exportation delle funzioni del modulo local args -- argomenti passati al template local textTable = {} -- table per contenere la risposta da ritornare local SPACE = \" \" -- HTML Entity Code for the space","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Configurazione local cfg local link_attivita local link_nazionalita local plurale_attivita local plurale_nazionalita local attivitaParams = { \"Attività\", \"Attività2\", \"Attività3\" } local nazionalitaParams = { \"Nazionalità\", \"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\", \"Cittadinanza\" }","translated_text":"-- Configurazione local cfg local link_activita local link_nazionalita local plurale_activita local plurale_nazionalita local activitaParams = { \"Attività\", \"Attività2\", \"Attività3\" } local nazionalitaParams = { \"Nazionalità\", \"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\", \"Cittadinanza\" }","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Funzioni di utilità","translated_text":"-- Funzioni in the utilità","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge testo alla risposta, svolge anche la funzione di concatenatore local function dumpText(...) local arg = {...}","translated_text":"-- Aggiunge testo alla risposta, svolge anche la funzione in concatenatore local function dumpText(...) local arg = {...}","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"for _, val in ipairs(arg) do table.insert(textTable, val) end end","translated_text":"for _, val in ipairs(arg) do table.insert(textTable, val) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge una Kategori alla risposta local function dumpCategory(category) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then dumpText(\"Kategori:\", category, \"\", \"\\n\") end end","translated_text":"-- Aggiunge una Category alla risposta local function dumpCategory(category) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then dumpText(\"Categories:\", category, \"\", \"\\n\") end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge un wlink alla risposta, se target è nil utilizza label come target.","translated_text":"- Aggiunge un wlink alla risposta, se target è nil utilizza label come target.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-- labelPrefix, se presente, viene rimosso dalla label e anteposto al wlink. local function dumpWlink(target, label, labelPrefix) if target and label and labelPrefix then label, count = label:gsub(\"^\" .. labelPrefix .. \" \", \"\") if count == 1 then dumpText(labelPrefix, SPACE) end end","translated_text":"- labelPrefix, se presente, viene rimosso dalla label e anteposto al wlink. local function dumpWlink(target, label, labelPrefix) if target and label and labelPrefix then label, count = label:gsub(\"^\" .. labelPrefix .. \" \", \"\") if count == 1 then dumpText(labelPrefix, SPACE) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if target and label then dumpText(\"\", label, \"\") else dumpText(\"\", target or label, \"\") end end","translated_text":"if target and label then dumpText(\"\", label, \"\") else dumpText(\"\", target or label, \"\") end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge una immagine alla risposta, size e caption sono opzionali local function dumpImage(name, size, caption) dumpText(\"\", \"\\n\") end","translated_text":"-- Aggiunge una immagine alla risposta, size e caption sono opzionali local function dumpImage(name, size, caption) dumpText(\"\", \"\\n\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge l'output del Template:Avviso e una Kategori di warning alla risposta local function dumpAvviso(tipo, immagine, immagine_a_destra, testo, category) local text","translated_text":"-- Agiunge l'output del Template:Avviso e una Category in warning alla risposta local function dumpAvviso(tipo, immagine, immagine_a_destra, testo, category) local text","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"text = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = \"Avviso\", args = { [\"tipo\"] = tipo, [\"immagine\"] = immagine, [\"immagine a destra\"] = immagine_a_destra, [\"testo\"] = testo } }","translated_text":"I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"dumpText(text) if category then dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[category]) end end","translated_text":"dumpText(text) if category then dumpCategory(cfg.Categories[category]) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Wrapper di mw.title.exists, verifica sia che name sia valido, sia che esista local function titleExists(name) local title = mw.title.new(name)","translated_text":"-- Wrapper in mw.title.exists, verifica sia che name sia valido, sia che esista local function titleExists(name) local title = mw.title.new(name)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return title and title.exists end","translated_text":"return title and title.exists end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Primo del mese -- Se date inizia con \"1 \" o \"1°\" ritorna una nuova data che inizia per \"1º\", altrimenti date local function fixFirstOfMonth(date) date = date:gsub(\"^1%s\", \"1º \") date = date:gsub(\"^1\\194\\176\", \"1º\")","translated_text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Primo del mese -- Se date inizia con \"1 \" o \"1°\" ritorna una nuova data che inizia per \"1o\", altrimenti date local function fixFirstOfMonth(date) date = date:gsub(\"^1%s\", \"1o \") date = date:gsub(\"^1\\194\\176\", \"1o\")","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return date end","translated_text":"return date end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna \"ed\" se nextWord inizia con \"e\", altrimenti \"e\" local function getEufonica(nextWord) return nextWord:sub(1, 1) == \"e\" and \"ed\" or \"e\" end","translated_text":"-- Returns \"ed\" se nextWord inizia con \"e\", altrimenti \"e\" local function getEufonica(nextWord) return nextWord:sub(1, 1) == \"e\" and \"ed\" or \"e\" end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Parsifica un TimeValue di Wikidata e ne ritorna \"giornomese, anno\" local function parseWikidataTimeValue(property) local entity, value, year, month, day, daymonth","translated_text":"-- Parsifica un TimeValue in Wikidata e ne ritorna \"giornomese, anno\" local function parseWikidataTimeValue(property) local entity, value, year, month, day, daymonth","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims[property] and #entity.claims[property] > 0 and entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == \"value\" then value = entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value year, month, day = value.time:match(\".+(%d%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d).+\") if value.precision == 11 then month = mw.getLanguage(\"it\"):formatDate(\"F\", tonumber(year) .. \"-\" .. month ..","translated_text":"entity = mw.wikibase.getEntityObject() if entity and entity.claims and entity.claims[property] and #entity.claims[property] > 0 and entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.snaktype == \"value\" then value = entity.claims[property][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value year, month, day = value.time:match((((%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d) %d).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"-\" .. day) daymonth = tonumber(day) .. \" \" .. month end if value.precision == 9 or value.precision == 11 then year = tonumber(year) .. (value.time:sub(1, 1) == \"-\" and \" a.C.\" or \"\") end end","translated_text":"\"-\" .. day) daymonth = tonnumber(day) .. \" \" .. month end if value.precision == 9 or value.precision == 11 then year = tonnumber(year) .. (value.time:sub(1, 1) == \"-\" and \" a.C.\" or \"\") end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return daymonth, year end","translated_text":"return daymonth, year end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Parsing parametri","translated_text":"- Parsing the parameters","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Utilizzata da parseParams per controllare il valore di un parametro.","translated_text":"-- Utilizzata da parseparams per controllare is the value in a parameter.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-- Ritorna true se il valore è valido altrimenti false. local function checkParamValue(value, valueTest, otherArgs) local ret = true","translated_text":"- Ritorna true se il valore è valido altrimenti false. local function checkParamValue(value, valueTest, otherArgs) local ret = true","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if type(valueTest) == \"function\" then ret = valueTest(value, otherArgs) elseif type(valueTest) == \"string\" and not value:match(valueTest) then ret = false end","translated_text":"if type(valueTest) == \"function\" then ret = valueTest(value, otherArgs) elseif type(valueTest) == \"string\" and not value:match(valueTest) then ret = false end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return ret end","translated_text":"return ret end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Parsifica i parametri passati al modulo e aggiunge eventuali Kategori di errore.","translated_text":"-- Parsifica i parametri passati al modulo e aggiunge eventuali category in error.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-- Ritorna i parametri conosciuti scartando quelli valorizzati a stringa vuota. local function parseParams(origArgs) local paramcfg = require(\"Modulo:Bio/Parametri\") local retArgs = {}","translated_text":"-- Ritorna i parametri conosciuti scartando quelli valorizzati a stringa vuota. local function parseParams(origArgs) local paramcfg = require(\"Modulo:Bio/Parametri\") local retArgs = {}","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- controlla i parametri conosciuti e li copia for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if paramcfg.params[k] then if v ~= \"\" then retArgs[k] = v end else dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", \"il parametro '\" ..","translated_text":"-- controlla i parametri conosciuti e li copia for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if paramcfg.params[k] then if v ~= \"\" then retArgs[k] = v end else dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", \"il parametro '\" ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"(tonumber(k) and (v == \"\" and \" \" or v) or k ) .. \"' è sconosciuto\"), \"unknown-params\") end end","translated_text":"(tonumber(k) and (v == \"\" and \" or v) or k) .. \"' è sconosciuto\"), \"unknown-params\") end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- controlla il valore for i, validator in pairs(paramcfg.validators) do if retArgs[validator.param] then if not checkParamValue(retArgs[validator.param], validator.valuetest, retArgs) then if validator.errmsg then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testo:gsub(\"$1\", validator.errmsg), nil) end dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"wrong-params\"]) end end end","translated_text":"-- controlla il valore for i, validator in pairs(paramcfg.validators) do if retArgs[validator.param] then if not checkParamValue(retArgs[validator.param], validator.valuetest, retArgs) then if validator.errmsg then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningParams.tipo, cfg.warningParams.immagine, cfg.warningParams.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningParams.testogsub(\"$1\", validator.errmsg), end) end dumpCategory(cfg.Categories[\"wrong-params\"])","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return retArgs end","translated_text":"return retArgs end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Gestione Kategori","translated_text":"-- The management of the category","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna il plurale dell'attività o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning) local function getPluralAttivita(attivita, warning) local plural","translated_text":"- Ritorna il plurale dell'attività o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning) local function getPluralAttivita(activita, warning) local plural","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"plurale_attivita = plurale_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale attività\") plural = plurale_attivita[attivita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningA.testo ..","translated_text":"Plurale_activita = plurale_activita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale attività\") plural = plurale_activita[activita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningA.testo ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"cfg.warningA.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", attivita) .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\") end","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return plural end","translated_text":"return plural end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna il plurale della nazionalità o nil se non trovato (con eventuale warning) local function getPluralNazionalita(nazionalita, warning) local plural","translated_text":"-- Ritorna il plurale della nazionalità o nil se non trovato (with eventuale warning) local function getPluralNazionalita(nazionalita, warning) local plural","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"plurale_nazionalita = plurale_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale nazionalità\") plural = plurale_nazionalita[nazionalita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo ..","translated_text":"Plurale_nazionalita = plurale_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Plurale nazionalità\") plural = plurale_nazionalita[nazionalita] if not plural and warning then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"cfg.warningN.testo2a:gsub(\"$1\", nazionalita) .. cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\") end","translated_text":"I'm not going to be able to do this.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return plural end","translated_text":"return plural end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna il plurale dei parametri necessari per le Kategori local function getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() local plurals = {}","translated_text":"- Ritorna il plurale dei parametri necessari per le Categories of local function getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() local plurals = {}","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if not args[\"Nazionalità\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2b ..","translated_text":"if not args[\"Nazionalità\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningN.tipo, cfg.warningN.immagine, cfg.warningN.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningN.testo .. cfg.warningN.testo2b ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if args[nazionalita] then plurals[nazionalita] = getPluralNazionalita(args[nazionalita], true) end end if not args[\"Attività\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagine_a_destra, cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.testo2b .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do if args[attivita] then plurals[attivita] = getPluralAttivita(args[attivita], true) end end","translated_text":"cfg.warningN.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if args[nazionalita] then plurals[nazionalita] = getPluralNazionalita(args[nazionalita], true) end end if not args[\"Attività\"] then dumpAvviso(cfg.warningA.tipo, cfg.warningA.immagine, cfg.warningA.immagineA.destra, cfg.warningA.testo .. cfg.warningA.t2estob .. cfg.warningA.testo3, \"warning\") end for _, activita in ipairsactivitaams) do args[activita][activita] then get plural args[activita] end ifltivita[Attivita], true","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return plurals end","translated_text":"return plurals end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Aggiunge le Kategori: Attività nazionalità [del XYZ secolo] local function addAttivitaKategoris(plurals) local catname, epoca1, epoca2, added","translated_text":"-- Aggiunge le Category: Attività nazionalità [del XYZ secolo] local function addAttivitaKategoris(plurals) local catname, epoca1, epoca2, added","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"epoca1 = args[\"Epoca\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca\"]] epoca2 = args[\"Epoca2\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca2\"]] for _, attivita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do if plurals[attivita] then for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if plurals[nazionalita] then added = false catname = plurals[attivita] .. \" \" .. plurals[nazionalita] for _, epoca in ipairs({ epoca1, epoca2 }) do if epoca and titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. catname .. \" \" .. epoca) then dumpCategory(catname .. \" \" .. epoca) added = true end end -- se non è stata aggiunta la Kategori per epoca1 e epoca2 -- aggiunge la cat. semplice, e.g. \"Scrittori italiani\" if not added then dumpCategory(catname) end end end end end end","translated_text":"epoca1 = args[\"Epoca\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca\"]] epoca2 = args[\"Epoca2\"] and cfg.epoche[args[\"Epoca2\"]] for _, activita in ipairs(attivitaParams) do if plurals[activita] then for _, nazionalita in ipairs(nazionalitaParams) do if plurals[nazionalita] then added = false catname = plurals[activita] .. \" .. plurals[nazionalita] for _, epoca in ipairs({epoca1, epoca2 }) do if epoca and titleExists\"Kategories:\" .. .. .. .. .. \" .. epoca) then dump end end end end end end end name .. \" .. .. epoca) -- then seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy seventy sevent","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/catnatimorti -- Aggiunge le Kategori: Nati/Morti nell'anno/giorno/luogo local function addNatiMortiKategoris() local cat1, cat2","translated_text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/catnatimorti -- Aggiunge le Category: Nati/Morti nell'anno/giorno/luogo local function addNatiMorti","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati nel \" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati nel \" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti nel \" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] cat2 = \"Morti nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end else dumpCategory(\"Persone viventi\") end","translated_text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti nel \" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] cat2 = \"Morti nell'\" .. args[\"AnnoMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end else dumpCategory(\"Persone viventi\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) cat2 = \"Nati l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) cat2 = \"Nati l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kat:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) cat2 = \"Morti l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti il \" .. fixFirstOfMonth(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) cat2 = \"Morti l'\" .. args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kat:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] then cat1 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then cat1 = \"Nati a \" .. args[\"LuogoNascita\"] cat2 = \"Nati ad \" .. args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"] if titleExists:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory title:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory title:\" ..","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] if titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) elseif titleExists(\"Kategori:\" .. cat2) then dumpCategory(cat2) end end end","translated_text":"if args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] then cat1 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"] if titleExists(\"Categories:\" .. cat1) then dumpCategory(cat1) then dumpCategory(cat2) end elseif args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then cat1 = \"Morti a \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then cat2 = \"Morti ad \" .. args[\"LuogoMorte\"] cat2 = \" ..","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Creazione incipit","translated_text":"-- the creation of the incipit","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna il link dell'attività o nil se non trovato local function getLinkAttivita(attivita) link_attivita = link_attivita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link attività\") return link_attivita[attivita] end","translated_text":"-- Ritorna il link dell'attività o nil se non trovato local function getLinkAttivita(activita) link_activita = link_activita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link attività\") return link_activita[activita] end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Ritorna il link della nazionalità o nil se non trovato. local function getLinkNazionalita(nazionalita) link_nazionalita = link_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link nazionalità\") return link_nazionalita[nazionalita] end","translated_text":"- Ritorna il link della nazionalità o nil se non trovato. local function getLinkNazionalita(nazionalita) link_nazionalita = link_nazionalita or mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Link nazionalità\") return link_nazionalita[nazionalita] end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata local function checkWikidata() local daymonth, year","translated_text":"-- Prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata local function checkWikidata() local daymonth, year","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- GiornoMeseNascita e AnnoNascita if not args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or not args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P569\") args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or daymonth args[\"AnnoNascita\"] = args[\"AnnoNascita\"] or year end -- GiornoMeseMorte e AnnoMorte if not args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or not args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P570\") args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or daymonth args[\"AnnoMorte\"] = args[\"AnnoMorte\"] or year end end","translated_text":"-- GiornoMeseNascita e AnnoNascita if not args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or not args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue(\"P569\") args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or daymonth args[\"AnnoNascita\"] = args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] or year end -- GiornoMeseMorte e AnnoMorte if not args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] or not args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then daymonth, year = parseWikidataTimeValue\"P570\") args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] = end of year","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/articolo local function getArticleMan(attivita) local article","translated_text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/article local function getArticleMan(activita) local article","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if cfg.articoli_maschili[\"uno\"][attivita] then article = \"uno\" elseif cfg.articoli_maschili[\"una\"][attivita] then article = \"una\" else article = \"un\" end","translated_text":"if cfg.articoli_maschili[\"uno\"][activita] then article = \"uno\" elseif cfg.articoli_maschili[\"una\"][activita] then article = \"una\" other article = \"un\" end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return article end","translated_text":"return article end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/articolo_F -- aggiunge anche uno spazio nel caso non usi l'apostrofo local function getArticleWoman(attivita) local article","translated_text":"-- Traduzione in lua del Template:Bio/articolo_F -- aggiunge anche uno spazio nel caso non usi l'apostrofo local function getArticleWoman(activita) local article","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if cfg.articoli_femminili[\"un\"][attivita] then article = \"un\" ..","translated_text":"if cfg.articoli_femminili[\"un\"][activita] then article = \"un\" ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SPACE elseif attivita and attivita:match(\"^[aeiou]\") then article = \"un'\" else article = \"una\" ..","translated_text":"SPACE elseif activita and activita:match(\"^[aeiou]\") then article = \"un'\" other article = \"una\" ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SPACE end","translated_text":"SPACE end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return article end","translated_text":"return article end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"local function addImmagine() local caption","translated_text":"local function addImmagine() local caption","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Immagine\"] then if args[\"Didascalia\"] then caption = args[\"Didascalia\"] else if args[\"Nome\"] then caption = args[\"Nome\"] end if args[\"Cognome\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") .. \" \" .. args[\"Cognome\"] end end if args[\"Didascalia2\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") ..","translated_text":"if args[\"Imagine\"] then if args[\"Didascalia\"] then caption = args[\"Didascalia\"] else if args[\"Nome\"] then caption = args[\"Nome\"] end if args[\"Cognome\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") .. \" \" .. args[\"Cognome\"] end if args[\"Didascalia2\"] then caption = (caption or \"\") ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"","translated_text":"\"I'm going to","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\" ..","translated_text":"\" ..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"args[\"Didascalia2\"] end dumpImage(args[\"Immagine\"], args[\"DimImmagine\"], caption) elseif args[\"Didascalia2\"] then -- parentesi () extra per non ritornare anche il gsub.count dumpText( (cfg.didascalia2:gsub(\"$1\", args[\"Didascalia2\"])) ) end end","translated_text":"args[\"Didascalia2\"] end dumpImage(args[\"Immagine\"], args[\"DimImmagine\"], caption) elseif args[\"Didascalia2\"] then -- parentesi () extra per non ritornare anche il gsub.count dumpText( (cfg.didascalia2:gsub(\"$1\", args[\"Didascalia2\"])) end end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"local function addNomeCognome() if args[\"Titolo\"] then dumpText(args[\"Titolo\"], SPACE) end","translated_text":"local function addNomeCognome() if args[\"Titolo\"] then dumpText(args[\"Titolo\"], SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- inizio grassetto dumpText(\"\")","translated_text":"-- thiszio grassetto dumpText\"\")","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Nome\"] then dumpText(args[\"Nome\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"Name\"] then dumpText(args[\"Name\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Cognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"Cognome\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"Cognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"Cognome\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- fine grassetto dumpText(\"\")","translated_text":"-- fine grassetto dumpText\"\")","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\", SPACE, args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\", SPACE, args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"PostCognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"PostCognome\"]) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"PostCognome\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"PostCognome\"]) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"local function addNascitaMorte() -- si apre la parentesi dumpText(SPACE, \"(\")","translated_text":"local function addNascitaMorte() -- si apre la parenthesis dumpText(SPACE, \"(\")","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"PreData\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreData\"], \";\", SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"PreData\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreData\"], \";\", SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"LuogoNascita\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"], args[\"LuogoNascita\"]) if args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\", SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoNascitaLink\"], args[\"LuogoNascita\"]) if args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoNascitaAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\",\", SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseNascita\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) end else dumpText(\"...\") end","translated_text":"if args[\"AnnoNascita\"] then if titleExists(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoNascita\"]) end other dumpText(\"...\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"NoteNascita\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteNascita\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"NoteNascita\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteNascita\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \"–\", SPACE) if args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"], args[\"LuogoMorte\"]) if args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\", SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \" ⁇ \", SPACE) if args[\"LuogoMorte\"] then dumpWlink(args[\"LuogoMorteLink\"], args[\"LuogoMorte\"]) if args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"] then dumpText(SPACE, args[\"LuogoMorteAlt\"]) end dumpText(\",\",\", SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"] then if titleExists(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"GiornoMeseMorte\"]) end dumpText(SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] == \"?\" then dumpText(\"...\") else if titleExists(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) end end end end","translated_text":"if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] == \"?\" then dumpText(\"...\") else if titleExists(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) then dumpWlink(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) else dumpText(args[\"AnnoMorte\"]) end end end end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"NoteMorte\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteMorte\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"NoteMorte\"] then dumpText(args[\"NoteMorte\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- si chiude la parentesi dumpText(\")\") end","translated_text":"-- si chiude la parentesi dumpText(\")\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"local function addAttivita() if args[\"PreAttività\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreAttività\"], SPACE) else dumpText(\"è\", SPACE) if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText((not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","translated_text":"local function addAttivita() if args[\"PreAttività\"] then dumpText(args[\"PreAttività\"], SPACE) else dumpText(\"è\", SPACE) if args[\"AnnoMorte\"] then dumpText(((not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \"M\") and \"stato\" or \"stata\", SPACE) end if not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","translated_text":"= \"M\") and \"stato\" or \"stata\", SPACE) end if not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \"M\" then dumpText(getArticleMan(args[\"Attività\"]), SPACE) else dumpText(getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"])) end end","translated_text":"= \"M\" then dumpText(getArticleMan(args[\"Attività\"]), SPACE) else dumpText(getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"])) end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività\"]), args[\"Attività\"] or \"\", \"ex\")","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what I'm going to do.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Attività2\"] then if args[\"Attività3\"] or args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(\",\") else dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività2\"])) end dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività2\"]), args[\"Attività2\"], \"ex\") end","translated_text":"if args[\"Attività2\"] then if args[\"Attività3\"] or args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(\",\") else dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività2\"])) end dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività2\"]), args[\"Attività2\"), \"ex\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Attività3\"] then if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(\",\") else dumpText(SPACE, getEufonica(args[\"Attività3\"])) end dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkAttivita(args[\"Attività3\"]), args[\"Attività3\"], \"ex\") end","translated_text":"If you want to know more about it, you have to find out more about it. If you want to know more about it, you have to know more about it. If you want to know more about it.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(args[\"AttivitàAltre\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"AttivitàAltre\"] then dumpText(args[\"AttivitàAltre\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Nazionalità\"]), args[\"Nazionalità\"] or \"\")","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what I'm going to do.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Cittadinanza\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \"con cittadinanza\", SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Cittadinanza\"]), args[\"Cittadinanza\"]) end","translated_text":"if args[\"Cittadinanza\"] then dumpText(SPACE, \"con cittadinanza\", SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"Cittadinanza\"]), args[\"Cittadinanza\"]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"] then dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(\"Naturalizzazione\", (not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","translated_text":"if args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"] then dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(\"Naturalización\", (not args[\"Sesso\"] or args[\"Sesso\"] =","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \"M\" or (args[\"Sesso\"] =","translated_text":"= \"M\" or (args[\"Sesso\"] =","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \"F\" and getArticleWoman(args[\"Attività\"]) == \"un \")) and \"naturalizzato\" or \"naturalizzata\") dumpText(SPACE) dumpWlink(getLinkNazionalita(args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"]), args[\"NazionalitàNaturalizzato\"]) end","translated_text":"This is a list of the official languages of the United States of America.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"PostNazionalità\"] then dumpText(args[\"PostNazionalità\"]) end end","translated_text":"if args[\"PostNazionalità\"] then dumpText(args[\"PostNazionalità\"]) end end end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Traduzione in lua di Template:Bio local function bio() local ret, sortkey, plurals","translated_text":"-- Traduzione in lua in Template:Bio local function bio() local ret, sortkey, plurals","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- lettura configurazione cfg = mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Configurazione\")","translated_text":"-- lettura configurazione cfg = mw.loadData(\"Modulo:Bio/Configurazione\")","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- parsifica i parametri e aggiunge eventuali messaggi e Kategori di errore args = parseParams(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args)","translated_text":"-- parsifica i parametri e aggiunge eventuali messaggi e Category in errore args = parseParams(mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent().args)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata if cfg.wikidata then checkWikidata() end","translated_text":"-- prova a ottenere alcuni parametri mancanti da Wikidata if cfg.wikidata then checkWikidata() end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- controllo attività e nazionalità if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then plurals = getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() end","translated_text":"-- controllo attività e nazionalità if args[\"Categories\"] ~= \"no\" then plurals = getPluralsAttivitaNazionalita() end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- le Kategori sono aggiunte solo se la pagina è nel namespace principale (0) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then -- imposta la magic word defaultsort if args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] then sortkey = args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] elseif args[\"Cognome\"] and args[\"Nome\"] then sortkey = args[\"Cognome\"] .. \" ,\" .. args[\"Nome\"] end if sortkey then mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(\"\") end -- Kategori impostato a \"no\" disabilita la categorizzazione per attività if args[\"Kategori\"] ~= \"no\" then addAttivitaKategoris(plurals) end addNatiMortiKategoris() dumpCategory(cfg.Kategori[\"bot\"]) end","translated_text":"-- le Category sono aggiunte solo se la pagina è nel namespace principale (0) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == 0 then -- imposta la magic word defaultsort if args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] then sortkey = args[\"ForzaOrdinamento\"] elseif args[\"Cognome\"] and args[\"Nome\"] then sortkey = args[\"Cognome\"] .. \" ,\" .. args[\"Nome\"] end if sortkey then mw.getCurrentFrame:((process\"\") end -- Category impostato a \"no\" disabilita la categorizzazione per attività if args[\"Categories\"] ~= \"no\" then add activitaKategoriaplurals) endNatiMortiMortiMortiMortiKategoria)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"addImmagine() addNomeCognome() addNascitaMorte()","translated_text":"AddImagine() addNomeCognome() addNascitaMorte()","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\") end","translated_text":"if args[\"PostCognomeVirgola\"] then dumpText(\",\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"FineIncipit\"] ~= \",\" then dumpText(SPACE) end","translated_text":"if args[\"FineIncipit\"] ~= \",\" then dumpText(SPACE) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"FineIncipit\"] then dumpText(args[\"FineIncipit\"]) else addAttivita() end","translated_text":"if args[\"FineIncipit\"] then dumpText(args[\"FineIncipit\"]) else addAttivita() end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"if args[\"Punto\"] ~= \"no\" then dumpText((args[\"FineIncipit\"] =","translated_text":"if args[\"Punto\"] ~= \"no\" then dumpText((args[\"FineIncipit\"] =","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \"e\" or args[\"FineIncipit\"] == \"ed\" or args[\"FineIncipit\"] =","translated_text":"== sync, corrected by elderman ==","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"= \",\") and SPACE or \".\") end","translated_text":"= \",\") and SPACE or \".\") end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return table.concat(textTable) end","translated_text":"the return table.concat","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Entry-point per function p.linkAttivita(frame) return getLinkAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","translated_text":"-- Entry-point per function p.linkAttivita(frame) return getLinkAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Entry-point per function p.linkNazionalita(frame) return getLinkNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","translated_text":"-- Entry-point per function p.linkNazionalita(frame) return getLinkNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleAttivita(frame) return getPluralAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","translated_text":"-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleAttivita(frame) return getPluralAttivita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleNazionalita(frame) return getPluralNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","translated_text":"-- Entry-point per function p.pluraleNazionalita(frame) return getPluralNazionalita(frame:getParent().args[1]) end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"-- Entry-point per function p.bio(frame) return bio() end","translated_text":"-- entry-point per function p.bio(frame) return bio() end","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"return p","translated_text":"return 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Mohon maaf, untuk saat ini saya menolak untuk dicalonkan karena saya merasa belum berkontribusi dalam kuantitas yang maksimal. Sekali lagi, terima kasih kepada mas Arifin yang sudah mencalonkan saya dan para Wikipediawan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sudah memotivasi saya untuk tetap menyunting di Wikipedia. Salam sejahtera! {{Smile}} -- [[Pengguna:Nohirara|'''Nohirara''']] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Nohirara|bicara]]) 22.09, 28 April 2014 (WIB)\n\n== Pemungutan suara ==\n{{UDP}}\n=== Mekanisme ===\n* Waktu pelaksanaan\n** Pemungutan suara dimulai pada [[28 April]] [[2014]] (00.00 UTC).\n* Calon dapat diangkat apabila \"suara yang diraih\" mencapai minimal '''15''' dan disetujui oleh minimal 70% dari \"jumlah suara\".\n* Pemungutan suara dinyatakan selesai apabila \"jumlah suara\" mencapai minimal '''36''' atau sudah berlangsung selama 2 minggu.\n\n\n=== Setuju ===\n# {{setuju}} --[[Pengguna:SamanthaPuckettIndo|SamanthaPuckettIndo]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:SamanthaPuckettIndo|bicara]]) 28 April 2014 05.42 (UTC)\n\n=== Tidak setuju ===\n# Maaf belum saatnya. [[User:Imanuel NS Uen|''Imanuel NS Uen'']] ''[[Pembicaraan pengguna:Imanuel NS Uen|(Pesan di sini)]]'' 28 April 2014 09.27 (UTC)\n\n=== Abstain ===\n# {{Vote|A}} Belum saatnya. [[Pengguna:Albertus Aditya|Albertus Aditya]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Albertus Aditya|bicara]]) 28 April 2014 06.11 (UTC)\n# {{Vote|A}}. [[Pengguna:Bozky|Bozky]] ([[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Bozky|bicara]]) 28 April 2014 07.47 (UTC)\n\n== Hasil ==\n{{HitungVoting2|1|1|2}}\n\n== Keputusan ==\nKarena calon mengundurkan diri ([https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3APengurus%2FPemungutan_suara%2FNohirara_untuk_Status_Kehormatan_28_April_2014&diff=7855354&oldid=7854188 bukti]), maka pemungutan suara ditutup dengan keputusan bahwa {{userv|Nohirara}} '''belum''' menjadi anggota kehormatan.\n\nDitutup oleh: [[Pengguna:Arifin.wijaya|Arifin.wijaya]] [[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Arifin.wijaya|Mari bicara]] 28 April 2014 15.39 (UTC)","hash":"838c3e956c3092ad05c6e7a308788a889e26da2a425b287ac27b6103eb9d3d2c","last_revision":"2020-09-23T05:22:50Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:23:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.270855","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Jasa dan kontribusi Pengguna:Nohirara yang begitu banyak dalam menyunting, menyampaikan selamat datang, membuat kategori baru, dan terutama menjaga artikel dari aksi-aksi vandalisme Memiliki kontribusi berharga terhadap Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia Dirasa, yang bersangkutan telah memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan kebijakan resmi mengenai status kehormatan Berasal dari pengguna terdaftar, baik pengurus ataupun nonpengurus Telah bergabung dengan Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia selama minimal 6 bulan Diusulkan oleh pengguna terdaftar\n\nYang bersangkutan sering membantu para pengguna baru dengan cara yang santun . Kontribusinya yang turut membantu stabilitas Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia hingga dapat kokoh seperti sekarang.\n\nAgar Pengguna:Nohirara diberikan status \"anggota kehormatan\" Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia.\n\nPengguna:Arifin.wijaya\n\nSaya merasa tersanjung dengan mas yang sudah mencalonkan saya untuk menjadi anggota kehormatan Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia. Mohon maaf, untuk saat ini saya menolak untuk dicalonkan karena saya merasa belum berkontribusi dalam kuantitas yang maksimal. Sekali lagi, terima kasih kepada mas Arifin yang sudah mencalonkan saya dan para Wikipediawan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sudah memotivasi saya untuk tetap menyunting di Wikipedia. Salam sejahtera! -- Nohirara ⁽bicara⁾ 22.09, 28 April 2014 (WIB)\n\nWaktu pelaksanaan Pemungutan suara dimulai pada 28 April 2014 (00.00 UTC). Calon dapat diangkat apabila \"suara yang diraih\" mencapai minimal 15 dan disetujui oleh minimal 70% dari \"jumlah suara\". Pemungutan suara dinyatakan selesai apabila \"jumlah suara\" mencapai minimal 36 atau sudah berlangsung selama 2 minggu.\n\n--SamanthaPuckettIndo (bicara) 28 April 2014 05.42 (UTC)\n\nMaaf belum saatnya. Imanuel NS Uen (Pesan di sini) 28 April 2014 09.27 (UTC)\n\nBelum saatnya. Albertus Aditya (bicara) 28 April 2014 06.11 (UTC) . 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mencalonkan saya untuk menjadi anggota kehormatan Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia.","translated_text":"I feel honored to have been nominated as an honorary member of the Indonesian Wikipedia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mohon maaf, untuk saat ini saya menolak untuk dicalonkan karena saya merasa belum berkontribusi dalam kuantitas yang maksimal.","translated_text":"I'm sorry, for now I'm refusing to be nominated because I feel I haven't contributed in the maximum amount.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekali lagi, terima kasih kepada mas Arifin yang sudah mencalonkan saya dan para Wikipediawan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sudah memotivasi saya untuk tetap menyunting di Wikipedia.","translated_text":"Once again, thank you to Mr. Arifin for nominating me and the Wikipedians who have both directly and indirectly motivated me to keep editing on Wikipedia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salam sejahtera!","translated_text":"Peace be with you!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-- Nohirara ⁽bicara⁾ 22.09, 28 April 2014 (WIB)","translated_text":"-- Nohirara (speaking) 22.09, 28 April 2014 (WIB)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemungutan suara","translated_text":"Voting","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Mekanisme","translated_text":"The mechanism","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Waktu pelaksanaan Pemungutan suara dimulai pada 28 April 2014 (00.00 UTC).","translated_text":"The time of implementation of the Voting started on 28 April 2014 (00.00 UTC).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Calon dapat diangkat apabila \"suara yang diraih\" mencapai minimal 15 dan disetujui oleh minimal 70% dari \"jumlah suara\".","translated_text":"Candidates can be nominated if the \"achieved vote\" reaches a minimum of 15 and is approved by a minimum of 70% of the \"votes\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemungutan suara dinyatakan selesai apabila \"jumlah suara\" mencapai minimal 36 atau sudah berlangsung selama 2 minggu.","translated_text":"Voting is declared complete if the \"number of votes\" reaches a minimum of 36 or has been going on for 2 weeks.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Setuju","translated_text":"I agree.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"--SamanthaPuckettIndo (bicara) 28 April 2014 05.42 (UTC)","translated_text":"- Samantha PuckettIndo (speaking) 28th of April 2014 05:42 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tidak setuju","translated_text":"I disagree.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Maaf belum saatnya.","translated_text":"I'm sorry it's not the time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Imanuel NS Uen (Pesan di sini) 28 April 2014 09.27 (UTC)","translated_text":"Imanuel NS Uen (Message here) 28 April 2014 09.27 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Abstain","translated_text":"Abstain from it","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Belum saatnya.","translated_text":"It's not the time yet.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Albertus Aditya (bicara) 28 April 2014 06.11 (UTC) .","translated_text":"This is the first time I've heard of this.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bozky (bicara) 28 April 2014 07.47 (UTC)","translated_text":"It's the first time I've ever been in a situation like this.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hasil","translated_text":"Results","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Keputusan","translated_text":"Decisions","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Karena calon mengundurkan diri (bukti), maka pemungutan suara ditutup dengan keputusan bahwa belum menjadi anggota kehormatan.","translated_text":"Since the candidate resigns (proof), the voting is closed with the decision that he has not become an honorary member.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ditutup oleh: Arifin.wijaya Mari bicara 28 April 2014 15.39 (UTC)","translated_text":"Closed by: Arifin.wijaya Let's talk 28 April 2014 15.39 (UTC)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"C. K. Garrison","wikicode":"#ALIH [[C.K. Garrison]]","hash":"203a24bf726466d2480a3710329417e29fbdd63514c7f83be1df35d754b53179","last_revision":"2014-04-28T04:26:45Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:26:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.327116","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH C.K. Garrison\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH C.K. Garrison","translated_text":"This is C.K. Garrison.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekristenan di Armenia","wikicode":"'''Kekristenan di Armenia''' merupakan agama mayoritas. [[Armenia]] memiliki kelompok gereja sendiri, yaitu [[Gereja Apostolik Armenia]]. [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] di Armenia merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma. Ada sekitar 110.000 umat Katolik di Armenia, yang mewakili sekitar 4% dari total populasi.\n\n== Apostolik Armenia (Oriental Orthodox) ==\n[[Berkas:Armenian Church Structure.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|Prosesi imam Apostolik Armenia.]]\nKekristenan pertama kali diperkenalkan langsung oleh para rasul [[Bartolomeus]] dan [[Yudas bin Yakobus]] pada [[abad ke-1]] Masehi. Armenia menjadi negara pertama yang mendirikan agama Kristen sebagai agama negara saat itu,{{cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |title=Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? |publisher=Ancienthistory.about.com |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2012-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918080327/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |dead-url=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://www.visitarmenia.org/ |title=Visit Armenia, It is Beautiful |publisher=Visitarmenia.org |accessdate=2010-01-25}}{{cite web |url=http://www.welcomearmenia.com/main.php?page=armeniainformation&sid=104&lang=eng |title=Armenia Information – Welcome to Armenia |publisher=Welcomearmenia.com |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206222352/http://www.welcomearmenia.com/main.php?page=armeniainformation&sid=104&lang=eng |archivedate=2010-02-06 |deadurl=yes }}{{cite web |url=http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |title=Blog Archive \" Which is the first country to adopt Christianity? |publisher=Did You Know it |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |dead-url=yes }} dalam sebuah acara tradisional tanggal 301 M, [[St Gregorius Illuminator]] meyakinkan [[Tiridates III]], raja Armenia, untuk masuk agama Kristen. Sebelum ini, agama yang dominan adalah [[Zoroastrianisme]] dan [[paganisme]] di tingkat yang lebih kecil.\n\nGereja Katolik Armenia (gereja Katolik Timur dalam persekutuan penuh dengan Roma) membentuk keuskupan dalam Armenia pada tahun 1991, setelah runtuhnya [[Uni Soviet]]. Ini menyatakan sekitar 200.000 pengikut di \"Keuskupan untuk Eropa Timur\" (berbasis di [[Gyumri]]) pada tahun 2000, dan 490.000 pada tahun 2008.\n\n== Yurisdiksi teritorial dan Keuskupan ==\nAda dua yurisdiksi teritorial di negara itu - sebuah Administrasi Apostolik bagi Ritus Latin dan Ordinariate untuk penganut setia Ritus Timur bagi orang-orang Armenia. Yang terakhir ini mencakup umat Katolik lainnya di Eropa Timur dari ritus Armenia.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.vatican.va/ The Holy See — The Vatican's Official Website]\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Armenia]]","hash":"1b4730da9acf25183e1c1aca0e55677bfb31a0deeb2120775001a74c4355e26e","last_revision":"2023-05-31T06:47:09Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:28:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.393522","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"الدين في أرمينيا","az":"Ermənistanda din","be":"Рэлігія ў Арменіі","cs":"Náboženství v Arménii","en":"Religion in Armenia","es":"Religión en Armenia","et":"Religioon Armeenias","fa":"دین در ارمنستان","fr":"Religion en Arménie","hi":"आर्मेनिया में धर्म","hr":"Religija u Armeniji","hy":"Կրոնը Հայաստանում","it":"Religioni in Armenia","ko":"아르메니아의 종교","mk":"Религија во Ерменија","pa":"ਆਰਮੀਨੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਧਰਮ","ro":"Religia în Armenia","ru":"Религия в Армении","sq":"Feja në Armeni","sr":"Религија у Јерменији","tr":"Ermenistan'da din","uk":"Релігія у Вірменії","ur":"آرمینیا میں مذہب","zh":"亞美尼亞宗教"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"Kekristenan di Armenia merupakan agama mayoritas. Armenia memiliki kelompok gereja sendiri, yaitu Gereja Apostolik Armenia. Gereja Katolik Roma di Armenia merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma. Ada sekitar 110.000 umat Katolik di Armenia, yang mewakili sekitar 4% dari total populasi.\n\nKekristenan pertama kali diperkenalkan langsung oleh para rasul Bartolomeus dan Yudas bin Yakobus pada abad ke-1 Masehi. Armenia menjadi negara pertama yang mendirikan agama Kristen sebagai agama negara saat itu, dalam sebuah acara tradisional tanggal 301 M, St Gregorius Illuminator meyakinkan Tiridates III, raja Armenia, untuk masuk agama Kristen. Sebelum ini, agama yang dominan adalah Zoroastrianisme dan paganisme di tingkat yang lebih kecil.\n\nGereja Katolik Armenia (gereja Katolik Timur dalam persekutuan penuh dengan Roma) membentuk keuskupan dalam Armenia pada tahun 1991, setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet. Ini menyatakan sekitar 200.000 pengikut di \"Keuskupan untuk Eropa Timur\" (berbasis di Gyumri) pada tahun 2000, dan 490.000 pada tahun 2008.\n\nAda dua yurisdiksi teritorial di negara itu - sebuah Administrasi Apostolik bagi Ritus Latin dan Ordinariate untuk penganut setia Ritus Timur bagi orang-orang Armenia. Yang terakhir ini mencakup umat Katolik lainnya di Eropa Timur dari ritus Armenia.\n\nThe Holy See — The Vatican's Official Website\n\nArmenia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan di Armenia merupakan agama mayoritas.","translated_text":"Christianity in Armenia is the majority religion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Armenia memiliki kelompok gereja sendiri, yaitu Gereja Apostolik Armenia.","translated_text":"Armenia has its own group of churches, the Armenian Apostolic Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja Katolik Roma di Armenia merupakan bagian dari Gereja Katolik Roma di seluruh dunia, di bawah kepemimpinan rohani Paus dan Kuria di Roma.","translated_text":"The Roman Catholic Church in Armenia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and the Curia in Rome.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ada sekitar 110.000 umat Katolik di Armenia, yang mewakili sekitar 4% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"There are about 110,000 Catholics in Armenia, representing about 4% of the total population.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Apostolik Armenia (Oriental Orthodox)","translated_text":"Armenian Apostolic (Oriental Orthodox)","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan pertama kali diperkenalkan langsung oleh para rasul Bartolomeus dan Yudas bin Yakobus pada abad ke-1 Masehi.","translated_text":"Christianity was first introduced directly by the apostles Bartholomew and Jude the son of James in the first century C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Armenia menjadi negara pertama yang mendirikan agama Kristen sebagai agama negara saat itu, dalam sebuah acara tradisional tanggal 301 M, St Gregorius Illuminator meyakinkan Tiridates III, raja Armenia, untuk masuk agama Kristen.","translated_text":"Armenia became the first country to establish Christianity as the state religion at the time, in a traditional event dated 301 AD, St. Gregory the Illuminator persuaded Tiridates III, the king of Armenia, to convert to Christianity.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |title=Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? 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|publisher=Did You Know it |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:48.659505-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |url=http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |title=Blog Archive \" Which is the first country to adopt Christianity? |publisher=Did You Know it |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:48.798035-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum ini, agama yang dominan adalah Zoroastrianisme dan paganisme di tingkat yang lebih kecil.","translated_text":"Previously, the dominant religion was Zoroastrianism and paganism to a lesser extent.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Katolik Armenia (gereja Katolik Timur dalam persekutuan penuh dengan Roma) membentuk keuskupan dalam Armenia pada tahun 1991, setelah runtuhnya Uni Soviet.","translated_text":"The Armenian Catholic Church (Eastern Catholic church in full communion with Rome) formed a diocese in Armenia in 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini menyatakan sekitar 200.000 pengikut di \"Keuskupan untuk Eropa Timur\" (berbasis di Gyumri) pada tahun 2000, dan 490.000 pada tahun 2008.","translated_text":"It claims about 200,000 followers in the \"Eastern European Diocese\" (based in Gyumri) in 2000, and 490,000 in 2008.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Yurisdiksi teritorial dan Keuskupan","translated_text":"Territorial jurisdiction and diocese","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada dua yurisdiksi teritorial di negara itu - sebuah Administrasi Apostolik bagi Ritus Latin dan Ordinariate untuk penganut setia Ritus Timur bagi orang-orang Armenia.","translated_text":"There are two territorial jurisdictions in the country - an Apostolic Administration for the Latin Rite and an Ordinariate for the faithful of the Eastern Rite for the Armenians.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Yang terakhir ini mencakup umat Katolik lainnya di Eropa Timur dari ritus Armenia.","translated_text":"The latter includes other Eastern European Catholics of the Armenian rite.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"The Holy See — The Vatican's Official Website","translated_text":"The Holy See ⁇ The Vatican's official website","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Armenia","translated_text":"Armenia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Kekristenan pertama kali diperkenalkan langsung oleh para rasul Bartolomeus dan Yudas bin Yakobus pada abad ke-1 Masehi. Armenia menjadi negara pertama yang mendirikan agama Kristen sebagai agama negara saat itu, dalam sebuah acara tradisional tanggal 301 M, St Gregorius Illuminator meyakinkan Tiridates III, raja Armenia, untuk masuk agama Kristen.","translated_text":"Christianity was first introduced directly by the apostles Bartholomew and Jude the son of James in the first century C.E. Armenia became the first country to establish Christianity as the state religion at the time, in a traditional event dated 301 AD, St. Gregory the Illuminator persuaded Tiridates III, the king of Armenia, to convert to Christianity.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |title=Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? |publisher=Ancienthistory.about.com |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2012-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918080327/http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":180675,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:28.155217-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.765625},{"content":"{{cite web |url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |title=Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? 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|publisher=Did You Know it |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:48.659505-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |url=http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |title=Blog Archive \" Which is the first country to adopt Christianity? |publisher=Did You Know it |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":212,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:48.798035-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"D. T. Suzuki","wikicode":"#ALIH [[D.T. Suzuki]]","hash":"5d040b7b441599e960a9ef5b175046981aa42e4b9c0c13ac9b711058d7b2b5d6","last_revision":"2014-04-28T04:28:29Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:28:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.449204","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH D.T. Suzuki\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH D.T. Suzuki","translated_text":"It's all about D.T. Suzuki.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"D. M. Jayaratne","wikicode":"#ALIH [[D.M. Jayaratne]]","hash":"968d19db15f8cc8216e87626807cb9c5fbbfbb32c765e73b7b86fafe8d07275c","last_revision":"2014-04-28T04:28:30Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:28:30Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.511843","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH D.M. Jayaratne\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH D.M. Jayaratne","translated_text":"By D.M. Jayaratne","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"D. H. Lawrence","wikicode":"#ALIH [[D.H. Lawrence]]","hash":"4af53de227c063f8a85af545596f7477a98db0eaa5bbfc0e1af210e94a4c353f","last_revision":"2014-04-28T04:29:13Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:29:13Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.573265","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH D.H. Lawrence\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH D.H. Lawrence","translated_text":"By D.H. Lawrence","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Ikan arwana","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Siluk merah]]","hash":"9bec00a0f59a45db27d1681fae40c2b10b2cce2288430e3d90ea2e6d8c214c90","last_revision":"2023-04-18T00:02:15Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:52:49Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.635932","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Siluk merah\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Siluk merah","translated_text":"The Red Silk","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Berkas:Morning Musume - TokiSora Reg A.jpg","wikicode":"== {{int:filedesc}} ==\n{{Information\n| description =\nhttp://www.helloproject.com/release/detail/EPCE-7039/\n| source = (sumber)\n| date = (tanggal)\n| location = (tempat; opsional)\n| author = (pembuat)\n| permission = \n| other_versions = \n}}\n== {{int:license-header}} ==\n{{SampulAlbum}}","hash":"f852ffec17e4664208ada5357c43937285cbafc7d4128ee09166920ef74bead0","last_revision":"2015-02-10T07:15:45Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:53:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.693996","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's all right.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"","translated_text":"It's all right.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0","wikicode":"{{Infobox single \n| Name = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0\n| Cover = Morning Musume - TokiSora Reg A.jpg\n| Cover size = \n| Border =\n| Alt =\n| Caption = Sampul Edisi Reguler A \n| Artist = [[Morning Musume]]\n| Album = [[14 Shō: The Message]]\n| B-side = \n| Released = {{Start date|2014|4|16}} (Jepang)\n| Format = [[CD]], [[DVD]]\n| Recorded =\n| Genre = [[Pop]], [[dubstep]], [[Musik electronica|electronica]]\n| Length =\n| Label = [[Zetima]]\n| Writer = [[Tsunku]]\n| Producer = [[Tsunku]]\n| Certification = \n| Chronology =\n| Last single = \"[[Egao no Kimi wa Taiyou sa / Kimi no Kawari wa Iyashinai / What is LOVE?]]\"
(2014)\n| This single = \"'''Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0'''\"
(2014)\n| Next single = \"[[Tiki Bun / Shabadaba Dū / Mikaeri Bijin]]\"
(2014)\n| Misc = {{External music video|1=\"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCPZTjqvN0Q Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe]\" di YouTube|Upper caption=Video musik}}\n{{External music video|1=\"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwYDsZqNVVw Password is 0]\"|Upper caption=}}\n}}\n\n{{nihongo|\"'''Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0'''\"|時空を超え 宇宙を超え／Password is 0|}}\nadalah singel ke-56 grup [[idola Jepang]] [[Morning Musume]], singel ini dirilis pada tanggal 16 April 2014 oleh label Zetima.\n\n== Sejarah rilis ==\nSingel ini adalah double A-side dirilis dalam 6 edisi: 2 edisi reguler dan 4 edisi terbatas tipe A, B, C, D. Edisi reguler memperoleh bonus foto member Morning Musume’14 yang dipilih secara acak. Edisi terbatas berupa DVD yang memiliki berbagai versi video musik dan juga klip pembuatan video klip ini. Edisi ini juga memiliki tiket untuk acara jumpa fans.\n\n''Pasword is 0'' menjadi lagu untuk iklan kampanye operator seluler ''AU'' yang berkolaborasi dengan Morning Musume’14. Lagu di iklan tersebut dibawakan oleh '''Morimusu''', grup spesial yang merupakan kolaborasi antara Morning Musume’14 dan grup lawak ''Morisanchu''.{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/03/morning-musume14-akan-merilis-single-ke-56/|title= Morning Musume’14 Akan Merilis Single ke 56! |work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}\n\nSingel ''Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0'', berhasil menduduki peringkat pertama di chart mingguan Oricon dan telah terjual sebanyak 119.000 kopi. Singel ini menduduki posisi pertama di peringkat mingguan Oricon selama 5 kali berturut-turut. Peringkat singel ini juga memperkuat rekor mereka sebelumnya di kategori “Grup (pria/wanita) yang seluruh singelnya berada di top 10″. Morning Musume adalah satu-satunya grup yang memiliki 56 singel dan seluruh singelnya menduduki peringat top 10.{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/04/penjualan-single-morning-musume14-raih-peringkat-pertama-5-kali-berturut-turut-di-chart-oricon/|title= Penjualan Single Morning Musume’14 Raih Peringkat Pertama 5 Kali Berturut-Turut Di Chart Oricon|work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}\n\n== Anggota ==\n* Generasi keenam: [[Sayumi Michishige]]\n* Generasi kesembilan: [[Mizuki Fukumura]], [[Erina Ikuta]], [[Riho Sayashi]], [[Kanon Suzuki]]\n* Generasi kesepuluh: [[Haruna Iikubo]], [[Ayumi Ishida]], [[Masaki Sato]], [[Haruka Kudo]]\n* Generasi kesebelas: [[Sakura Oda]]\n\n== Daftar lagu ==\n=== CD ===\n{{Track listing\n|headline = Edisi Reguler A, B, Edisi Terbatas D\n|all_writing =[[Tsunku]]\n|extra_column = Artis\n|title1 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe\n|note1 = {{nihongo2|時空を超え 宇宙を超え}}\n|length1 = \n|extra1 = \n|title2 = Password is 0 \n|note2 = \n|length2 = \n|extra2 = \n|title3 = Password is 0 (Morimusu Ver.)\n|note3 = \n|length3 = \n|extra3 = Morimusu\n|title4 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe (Instrumental)\n|note4 = {{nihongo2|時空を超え 宇宙を超え （Instrumental）}}\n|length4 = \n|extra4 = \n|title5 = Password is 0 (Instrumental)\n|note5 = \n|length5 = \n|extra5 = \n}}\n\n{{Track listing\n|headline = Edisi Terbatas A,B,C\n|all_writing =\n|extra_column = Artis\n|title1 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe \n|note1 = {{nihongo2|時空を超え 宇宙を超え}}\n|length1 = \n|extra1 = \n|title2 = Password is 0\n|note2 = {{nihongo2|君の代わりは居やしない}}\n|length2 = \n|extra2 = \n|title3 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe (Instrumental)\n|note3 = {{nihongo2|時空を超え 宇宙を超え （Instrumental）}}\n|length3 = \n|extra3 = \n|title4 = Password is 0 (Instrumental)\n|note4 = \n|length4 = \n|extra4 = \n}}\n\n=== DVD ===\n{{Track listing\n|collapsed = yes\n|headline = DVD Edisi Terbatas A\n|all_writing =\n|extra_column = \n|title1 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe (Music Video)\n|note1 = \n|length1 = \n|extra1 =\n}}\n{{Track listing\n|collapsed = yes\n|headline = DVD Edisi Terbatas B\n|all_writing =\n|extra_column = \n|title1 = Password is 0 (Music Video)\n|note1 = \n|length1 = \n|extra1 =\n}}\n{{Track listing\n|collapsed = yes\n|headline = DVD Edisi Terbatas C\n|all_writing =\n|extra_column = \n|title1 = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe (Dance Shot Ver.)\n|note1 = \n|length1 = \n|extra1 =\n}}\n{{Track listing\n|collapsed = yes\n|headline = DVD Edisi Terbatas D\n|all_writing =\n|extra_column = \n|title1 = Password is 0 (Dance Shot Ver.)\n|note1 = \n|length1 = \n|extra1 =\n|title2 = Password is 0 (Morimusu Special Movie)\n|note2 = \n|length2 = \n|extra2 =\n}}\n\n== Chart ==\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" border=\"1\"\n|-\n! Chart (2014)\n! Posisi
puncak\n|-\n| Chart Singel Harian [[Oricon]]\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1\n|-\n| Chart Singel Mingguan Oricon\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/js/w/2014-04-28/|title= 2014年04月14日～2014年04月20日のCDシングル週間ランキング（2014年04月28日付） |work= Oricon Style|publisher=[[Oricon]]|accessdate= April 25, 2014|language= Jepang}}\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.helloproject.com/morningmusume/tokisora/ Laman resmi] {{ja icon}}\n* [http://www.helloproject.com/release/detail/EPCE-7039/ Profil di website Resmi Hello! Project] {{ja icon}}\n* [http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/ Profil di website Resmi Up-Front Works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061850/http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/ |date=2014-04-29 }} {{ja icon}}\n\n{{Morning Musume}}\n{{Singel Morning Musume}}\n\n[[Kategori:Lagu Morning Musume]]\n[[Kategori:Singel tahun 2014]]","hash":"eaa7bbaffeea2686252249559260fff720ec399c2b3b56d6e38f51a0eef1bc8f","last_revision":"2021-05-28T13:46:14Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T04:59:41Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.753726","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Toki o Koe Sora o Koe / Password is 0","fr":"Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0","ja":"時空を超え 宇宙を超え/Password is 0","ko":"시공을 넘어 우주를 넘어/Password is 0","ms":"Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password Is 0","zh":"穿越時空 超越宇宙 / Password is 0"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"adalah singel ke-56 grup idola Jepang Morning Musume, singel ini dirilis pada tanggal 16 April 2014 oleh label Zetima.\n\nSingel ini adalah double A-side dirilis dalam 6 edisi: 2 edisi reguler dan 4 edisi terbatas tipe A, B, C, D. Edisi reguler memperoleh bonus foto member Morning Musume'14 yang dipilih secara acak. Edisi terbatas berupa DVD yang memiliki berbagai versi video musik dan juga klip pembuatan video klip ini. Edisi ini juga memiliki tiket untuk acara jumpa fans.\n\nPasword is 0 menjadi lagu untuk iklan kampanye operator seluler AU yang berkolaborasi dengan Morning Musume'14. Lagu di iklan tersebut dibawakan oleh Morimusu, grup spesial yang merupakan kolaborasi antara Morning Musume'14 dan grup lawak Morisanchu.\n\nSingel Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0, berhasil menduduki peringkat pertama di chart mingguan Oricon dan telah terjual sebanyak 119.000 kopi. Singel ini menduduki posisi pertama di peringkat mingguan Oricon selama 5 kali berturut-turut. Peringkat singel ini juga memperkuat rekor mereka sebelumnya di kategori \"Grup (pria/wanita) yang seluruh singelnya berada di top 10″. Morning Musume adalah satu-satunya grup yang memiliki 56 singel dan seluruh singelnya menduduki peringat top 10.\n\nGenerasi keenam: Sayumi Michishige Generasi kesembilan: Mizuki Fukumura, Erina Ikuta, Riho Sayashi, Kanon Suzuki Generasi kesepuluh: Haruna Iikubo, Ayumi Ishida, Masaki Sato, Haruka Kudo Generasi kesebelas: Sakura Oda\n\nLaman resmi Profil di website Resmi Hello! Project Profil di website Resmi Up-Front Works\n\nKategori:Lagu Morning Musume Kategori:Singel tahun 2014\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox single \n| Name = Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0\n| Cover = Morning Musume - TokiSora Reg A.jpg\n| Cover size = \n| Border =\n| Alt =\n| Caption = Sampul Edisi Reguler A \n| Artist = [[Morning Musume]]\n| Album = [[14 Shō: The Message]]\n| B-side = \n| Released = {{Start date|2014|4|16}} (Jepang)\n| Format = [[CD]], [[DVD]]\n| Recorded =\n| Genre = [[Pop]], [[dubstep]], [[Musik electronica|electronica]]\n| Length =\n| Label = [[Zetima]]\n| Writer = [[Tsunku]]\n| Producer = [[Tsunku]]\n| Certification = \n| Chronology =\n| Last single = \"[[Egao no Kimi wa Taiyou sa / Kimi no Kawari wa Iyashinai / What is LOVE?]]\"
(2014)\n| This single = \"'''Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0'''\"
(2014)\n| Next single = \"[[Tiki Bun / Shabadaba Dū / Mikaeri Bijin]]\"
(2014)\n| Misc = {{External music video|1=\"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCPZTjqvN0Q Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe]\" di YouTube|Upper caption=Video musik}}\n{{External music video|1=\"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwYDsZqNVVw Password is 0]\"|Upper caption=}}\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"adalah singel ke-56 grup idola Jepang Morning Musume, singel ini dirilis pada tanggal 16 April 2014 oleh label Zetima.","translated_text":"is the 56th single by Japanese idol group Morning Musume, released on April 16, 2014 by record label Zetima.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah rilis","translated_text":"Release history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Singel ini adalah double A-side dirilis dalam 6 edisi: 2 edisi reguler dan 4 edisi terbatas tipe A, B, C, D. Edisi reguler memperoleh bonus foto member Morning Musume'14 yang dipilih secara acak.","translated_text":"The single was a double A-side released in 6 editions: 2 regular editions and 4 limited editions type A, B, C, D. The regular edition earned a photo bonus for a randomly selected Morning Musume'14 member.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi terbatas berupa DVD yang memiliki berbagai versi video musik dan juga klip pembuatan video klip ini.","translated_text":"A limited edition DVD containing various versions of the music video as well as the making of the video clips.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Edisi ini juga memiliki tiket untuk acara jumpa fans.","translated_text":"This edition also has tickets for a fan meeting.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pasword is 0 menjadi lagu untuk iklan kampanye operator seluler AU yang berkolaborasi dengan Morning Musume'14.","translated_text":"Password is 0 became the theme song for the AU mobile operator's campaign advertisement collaborating with Morning Musume'14.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lagu di iklan tersebut dibawakan oleh Morimusu, grup spesial yang merupakan kolaborasi antara Morning Musume'14 dan grup lawak Morisanchu.","translated_text":"The songs in the commercial were performed by Morimusu, a special group that was a collaboration between Morning Musume'14 and the Morisanchu comedy group.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/03/morning-musume14-akan-merilis-single-ke-56/|title= Morning Musume’14 Akan Merilis Single ke 56! |work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}","char_index":138,"name":null,"url":"http://todayidol.com/2014/03/morning-musume14-akan-merilis-single-ke-56/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:51.926623-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Singel Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0, berhasil menduduki peringkat pertama di chart mingguan Oricon dan telah terjual sebanyak 119.000 kopi.","translated_text":"The single Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0, reached number one on the Oricon weekly charts and has sold 119,000 copies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Singel ini menduduki posisi pertama di peringkat mingguan Oricon selama 5 kali berturut-turut.","translated_text":"The single reached number one on the Oricon weekly charts for five consecutive weeks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peringkat singel ini juga memperkuat rekor mereka sebelumnya di kategori \"Grup (pria/wanita) yang seluruh singelnya berada di top 10″. Morning Musume adalah satu-satunya grup yang memiliki 56 singel dan seluruh singelnya menduduki peringat top 10.","translated_text":"The singles ranking also reinforced their previous record in the category \"Group (male/female) with all singles in the top 10\". Morning Musume is the only group to have 56 singles and all singles in the top 10 rankings.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/04/penjualan-single-morning-musume14-raih-peringkat-pertama-5-kali-berturut-turut-di-chart-oricon/|title= Penjualan Single Morning Musume’14 Raih Peringkat Pertama 5 Kali Berturut-Turut Di Chart Oricon|work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}","char_index":247,"name":null,"url":"http://todayidol.com/2014/04/penjualan-single-morning-musume14-raih-peringkat-pertama-5-kali-berturut-turut-di-chart-oricon/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:51.994825-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Anggota","translated_text":"Members","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Generasi keenam: Sayumi Michishige Generasi kesembilan: Mizuki Fukumura, Erina Ikuta, Riho Sayashi, Kanon Suzuki Generasi kesepuluh: Haruna Iikubo, Ayumi Ishida, Masaki Sato, Haruka Kudo Generasi kesebelas: Sakura Oda","translated_text":"The sixth generation: Sayumi Michishige The ninth generation: Mizuki Fukumura, Erina Ikuta, Riho Sayashi, Kanon Suzuki The tenth generation: Haruna Iikubo, Ayumi Ishida, Masaki Sato, Haruka Kudo The eleventh generation: Sakura Oda","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Daftar lagu","translated_text":"List of songs","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"CD","translated_text":"The CD","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"DVD","translated_text":"The DVD","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Chart","translated_text":"Chart","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" border=\"1\"\n|-\n! Chart (2014)\n! Posisi
puncak\n|-\n| Chart Singel Harian [[Oricon]]\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1\n|-\n| Chart Singel Mingguan Oricon\n| style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/js/w/2014-04-28/|title= 2014年04月14日～2014年04月20日のCDシングル週間ランキング（2014年04月28日付） |work= Oricon Style|publisher=[[Oricon]]|accessdate= April 25, 2014|language= Jepang}}\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Laman resmi Profil di website Resmi Hello!","translated_text":"The official profile page on the official Hello! website.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Project Profil di website Resmi Up-Front Works","translated_text":"Project profile on the official website of Up-Front Works","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061850/http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/ |date=2014-04-29 }}","char_index":46,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061850/http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.081453-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Lagu Morning Musume Kategori:Singel tahun 2014","translated_text":"Category:Morning Musume songs Category:Singles of the year 2014","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pasword is 0 menjadi lagu untuk iklan kampanye operator seluler AU yang berkolaborasi dengan Morning Musume'14. Lagu di iklan tersebut dibawakan oleh Morimusu, grup spesial yang merupakan kolaborasi antara Morning Musume'14 dan grup lawak Morisanchu.","translated_text":"Password is 0 became the theme song for the AU mobile operator's campaign advertisement collaborating with Morning Musume'14. The songs in the commercial were performed by Morimusu, a special group that was a collaboration between Morning Musume'14 and the Morisanchu comedy group.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/03/morning-musume14-akan-merilis-single-ke-56/|title= Morning Musume’14 Akan Merilis Single ke 56! |work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}","char_index":250,"name":null,"url":"http://todayidol.com/2014/03/morning-musume14-akan-merilis-single-ke-56/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:51.926623-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Singel Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0, berhasil menduduki peringkat pertama di chart mingguan Oricon dan telah terjual sebanyak 119.000 kopi. Singel ini menduduki posisi pertama di peringkat mingguan Oricon selama 5 kali berturut-turut. Peringkat singel ini juga memperkuat rekor mereka sebelumnya di kategori \"Grup (pria/wanita) yang seluruh singelnya berada di top 10″. Morning Musume adalah satu-satunya grup yang memiliki 56 singel dan seluruh singelnya menduduki peringat top 10.","translated_text":"The single Toki wo Koe Sora wo Koe / Password is 0, reached number one on the Oricon weekly charts and has sold 119,000 copies. The single reached number one on the Oricon weekly charts for five consecutive weeks. The singles ranking also reinforced their previous record in the category \"Group (male/female) with all singles in the top 10\". Morning Musume is the only group to have 56 singles and all singles in the top 10 rankings.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://todayidol.com/2014/04/penjualan-single-morning-musume14-raih-peringkat-pertama-5-kali-berturut-turut-di-chart-oricon/|title= Penjualan Single Morning Musume’14 Raih Peringkat Pertama 5 Kali Berturut-Turut Di Chart Oricon|work= |publisher=Todayidol|accessdate= April 28, 2014|language= }}","char_index":493,"name":null,"url":"http://todayidol.com/2014/04/penjualan-single-morning-musume14-raih-peringkat-pertama-5-kali-berturut-turut-di-chart-oricon/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:51.994825-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Laman resmi Profil di website Resmi Hello! Project Profil di website Resmi Up-Front Works","translated_text":"The official profile page on the official Hello! website. Project profile on the official website of Up-Front Works","citations":[{"content":"{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061850/http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/ |date=2014-04-29 }}","char_index":89,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061850/http://www.up-front-works.jp/discography/zetima/29/s_68/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.081453-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"H. P. Lovecraft","wikicode":"#ALIH [[H.P. Lovecraft]]","hash":"418508ac0e3ac3c26ea22f0fd4e8a3b84885583f448356a3ebb394cce328be26","last_revision":"2014-04-28T05:10:27Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:10:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.814572","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH H.P. Lovecraft\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH H.P. Lovecraft","translated_text":"This is H.P. Lovecraft.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"G. W. Bailey","wikicode":"#ALIH [[G.W. Bailey]]","hash":"aa2b626aec6b8cb12c2dcdd971ab356354a1274eb93da2a9616f07bdfa2098c4","last_revision":"2014-04-28T05:15:33Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:15:33Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.900702","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH G.W. Bailey\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH G.W. Bailey","translated_text":"The G.W. Bailey","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekristenan di Georgia","wikicode":"'''Kekristenan di Georgia''' merupakan agama mayoritas. Saat ini 82% dari populasi di Georgia mempraktikkan [[Kristen Ortodoks]], terutama [[Gereja Ortodoks Georgia]]. Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 2% mengikuti [[Gereja Ortodoks Rusia]], sekitar 5,9% (hampir semuanya dari etnis Armenia) mengikuti [[Gereja Apostolik Armenia]] dan 0,8% yang mengikuti [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] terutama ditemukan di selatan Georgia tetapi dengan sejumlah kecil di [[Tbilisi]].\n\n== Sejarah ==\n[[Berkas:Raising of Lazarus.jpg|150px|jmpl|Sebuah halaman dari Alkitab bahasa Georgia yang langka, berasal dari tahun 1030, menggambarkan cerita Lazarus]]\nMenurut tradisi Ortodoks, Kristen pertama kali diberitakan di Georgia oleh Rasul [[Simon]] dan [[Andreas]] pada abad ke-1 Masehi. Ini menjadi agama negara Kartli (Iberia) pada tahun 337.[[Cyril Toumanoff|Toumanoff, Cyril]], \"Iberia between Chosroid and Bagratid Rule\", in ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', Georgetown, 1963, pp. 374-377. Accessible online at [http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html]{{cite book|last=Rapp|first=Stephen H., Jr|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137|accessdate=11 May 2012|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9|page=138|chapter=7 - Georgian Christianity}} Konversi Kartli ke agama Kristen dikisahkan bermula dari seorang wanita Yunani yang disebut Santa Nino dari [[Kapadokia]]. [[Gereja Ortodoks Georgia]], awalnya bagian dari [[Gereja Antiokhia]], memperoleh independensi dan dikembangkan spesifisitas doktrinal yang progresif antara abad ke-5 dan ke-10. Alkitab juga diterjemahkan ke Georgia pada abad ke-5, dengan alfabet Georgia dikembangkan untuk tujuan penerjemahan itu. Seperti yang terjadi di tempat lain, gereja Kristen di Georgia sangat penting perannya untuk pengembangan bahasa tertulis, dan sebagian besar awal karya tulis adalah teks-teks agama. Iman baru Georgia, yang menggantikan kepercayaan [[pagan]] dan [[Zoroastrianisme]], telah menempatkan mereka secara permanen di garis depan konflik antara dunia Islam dan Kristen. Georgia sebagian besar tetap menganut Kekristenan meskipun invasi terus diulang oleh kekuatan Muslim, dan episode panjang dominasi pihak asing. Setelah Georgia dianeksasi oleh [[Kekaisaran Rusia]], [[Gereja Ortodoks Rusia]] mengambil alih gereja Georgia pada tahun 1811.\n\nGereja Georgia kembali independen hanya ketika kekuasaan Rusia berakhir pada tahun 1917. Rezim Soviet yang memerintah dari tahun 1921 di Georgia tidak menganggap revitalisasi gereja Georgia sebagai tujuan penting. Pemerintahan Soviet memberlakukan pembersihan besar dari hierarki gereja Georgia dan represi ibadah Ortodoks. Seperti di tempat lain di Uni Soviet, banyak gereja dihancurkan atau diubah menjadi bangunan sekuler. Sejarah represi mendorong penggabungan identitas keagamaan ke dalam gerakan nasionalis yang kuat dan pencarian orang Georgia untuk ekspresi keagamaan di luar gereja resmi yang dikendalikan pemerintah. Pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, para pemimpin oposisi, terutama [[Zviad Gamsakhurdia]], mengkritik korupsi dalam hierarki gereja. Setelah Ilia II menjadi patriark (Katolikos) dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia pada akhir tahun 1970, Georgia Ortodoks mengalami kebangunan rohani. Pada tahun 1988 Moskow mengizinkan patriark untuk mulai menyucikan dan membuka kembali gereja-gereja yang tertutup, dan proses restorasi besar-besaran dimulai. Gereja Ortodoks Georgia telah kembali memiliki banyak kekuasaan dan kemerdekaan penuh dari negara sejak restorasi kemerdekaan Georgia pada tahun 1991.\n\n== Ortodoks Georgia dan Gereja Apostolik ==\n'''Gereja Ortodoks Georgia''' (nama lengkap '''Gereja Georgia Apostolik otosefalus Ortodoks''', atau dalam bahasa Georgia, საქართველოს სამოციქულო მართლმადიდებელი ავტოკეფალური ეკლესია ''Sakartvelos Samocikulo Martlmadidebeli Avt'ok'epaluri Ek'lesia'') adalah salah satu gereja Kristen di dunia yang paling kuno, dengan jejak tradisi langsung dari misi Rasul [[Andreas]] pada abad ke-1. Ini adalah otosefalus (kepala sendiri) bagian dari Gereja Ortodoks Timur. Georgia Ortodoks telah menjadi agama negara di bagian Georgia sejak abad ke-4, dan merupakan agama mayoritas di negara itu.\n\nKonstitusi Georgia mengakui peran khusus dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia dalam sejarah negara itu, tetapi juga menetapkan kemandirian gereja dari negara. Hubungan antara Negara dan Gereja diatur oleh Perjanjian Konstitusi tahun 2002.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n* {{cite book|last=Rapp|first=Stephen|editor=Ken Parry|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137|accessdate=22 May 2012|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9|pages=137–155|chapter=Chapter 7 - Georgian Christianity}}\n* {{cite book|last=Grdzelidze|first=Tamara|editor=John Anthony McGuckin|title=The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JmFetR5Wqd8C&pg=PA264|accessdate=22 May 2012|year=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-8539-4|pages=264–275|chapter=Georgia, Patriarchal Orthodox Church of}}\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Georgia]]","hash":"abaf100a276a6ed31afc75d3a281b9092c0a7743e23c9245f343da917c226c6d","last_revision":"2023-05-31T06:47:16Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:27:29Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:17.956823","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المسيحية في جورجيا","en":"Christianity in Georgia (country)","it":"Cristianesimo in Georgia","ja":"グルジアのキリスト教","ru":"Христианство в Грузии","sr":"Хришћанство у Грузији"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"Kekristenan di Georgia merupakan agama mayoritas. Saat ini 82% dari populasi di Georgia mempraktikkan Kristen Ortodoks, terutama Gereja Ortodoks Georgia. Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 2% mengikuti Gereja Ortodoks Rusia, sekitar 5,9% (hampir semuanya dari etnis Armenia) mengikuti Gereja Apostolik Armenia dan 0,8% yang mengikuti Gereja Katolik Roma terutama ditemukan di selatan Georgia tetapi dengan sejumlah kecil di Tbilisi.\n\nMenurut tradisi Ortodoks, Kristen pertama kali diberitakan di Georgia oleh Rasul Simon dan Andreas pada abad ke-1 Masehi. Ini menjadi agama negara Kartli (Iberia) pada tahun 337. Konversi Kartli ke agama Kristen dikisahkan bermula dari seorang wanita Yunani yang disebut Santa Nino dari Kapadokia. Gereja Ortodoks Georgia, awalnya bagian dari Gereja Antiokhia, memperoleh independensi dan dikembangkan spesifisitas doktrinal yang progresif antara abad ke-5 dan ke-10. Alkitab juga diterjemahkan ke Georgia pada abad ke-5, dengan alfabet Georgia dikembangkan untuk tujuan penerjemahan itu. Seperti yang terjadi di tempat lain, gereja Kristen di Georgia sangat penting perannya untuk pengembangan bahasa tertulis, dan sebagian besar awal karya tulis adalah teks-teks agama. Iman baru Georgia, yang menggantikan kepercayaan pagan dan Zoroastrianisme, telah menempatkan mereka secara permanen di garis depan konflik antara dunia Islam dan Kristen. Georgia sebagian besar tetap menganut Kekristenan meskipun invasi terus diulang oleh kekuatan Muslim, dan episode panjang dominasi pihak asing. Setelah Georgia dianeksasi oleh Kekaisaran Rusia, Gereja Ortodoks Rusia mengambil alih gereja Georgia pada tahun 1811.\n\nGereja Georgia kembali independen hanya ketika kekuasaan Rusia berakhir pada tahun 1917. Rezim Soviet yang memerintah dari tahun 1921 di Georgia tidak menganggap revitalisasi gereja Georgia sebagai tujuan penting. Pemerintahan Soviet memberlakukan pembersihan besar dari hierarki gereja Georgia dan represi ibadah Ortodoks. Seperti di tempat lain di Uni Soviet, banyak gereja dihancurkan atau diubah menjadi bangunan sekuler. Sejarah represi mendorong penggabungan identitas keagamaan ke dalam gerakan nasionalis yang kuat dan pencarian orang Georgia untuk ekspresi keagamaan di luar gereja resmi yang dikendalikan pemerintah. Pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, para pemimpin oposisi, terutama Zviad Gamsakhurdia, mengkritik korupsi dalam hierarki gereja. Setelah Ilia II menjadi patriark (Katolikos) dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia pada akhir tahun 1970, Georgia Ortodoks mengalami kebangunan rohani. Pada tahun 1988 Moskow mengizinkan patriark untuk mulai menyucikan dan membuka kembali gereja-gereja yang tertutup, dan proses restorasi besar-besaran dimulai. Gereja Ortodoks Georgia telah kembali memiliki banyak kekuasaan dan kemerdekaan penuh dari negara sejak restorasi kemerdekaan Georgia pada tahun 1991.\n\nGereja Ortodoks Georgia (nama lengkap Gereja Georgia Apostolik otosefalus Ortodoks, atau dalam bahasa Georgia, საქართველოს სამოციქულო მართლმადიდებელი ავტოკეფალური ეკლესია Sakartvelos Samocikulo Martlmadidebeli Avt'ok'epaluri Ek'lesia) adalah salah satu gereja Kristen di dunia yang paling kuno, dengan jejak tradisi langsung dari misi Rasul Andreas pada abad ke-1. Ini adalah otosefalus (kepala sendiri) bagian dari Gereja Ortodoks Timur. Georgia Ortodoks telah menjadi agama negara di bagian Georgia sejak abad ke-4, dan merupakan agama mayoritas di negara itu.\n\nKonstitusi Georgia mengakui peran khusus dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia dalam sejarah negara itu, tetapi juga menetapkan kemandirian gereja dari negara. Hubungan antara Negara dan Gereja diatur oleh Perjanjian Konstitusi tahun 2002.\n\nGeorgia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan di Georgia merupakan agama mayoritas.","translated_text":"Christianity in Georgia is the majority religion.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saat ini 82% dari populasi di Georgia mempraktikkan Kristen Ortodoks, terutama Gereja Ortodoks Georgia.","translated_text":"Today 82% of the population in Georgia practice Orthodox Christianity, especially the Georgian Orthodox Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 2% mengikuti Gereja Ortodoks Rusia, sekitar 5,9% (hampir semuanya dari etnis Armenia) mengikuti Gereja Apostolik Armenia dan 0,8% yang mengikuti Gereja Katolik Roma terutama ditemukan di selatan Georgia tetapi dengan sejumlah kecil di Tbilisi.","translated_text":"Of those, about 2% follow the Russian Orthodox Church, about 5.9% (almost all ethnic Armenians) follow the Armenian Apostolic Church and 0.8% follow the Roman Catholic Church mainly found in southern Georgia but with a small number in Tbilisi.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut tradisi Ortodoks, Kristen pertama kali diberitakan di Georgia oleh Rasul Simon dan Andreas pada abad ke-1 Masehi.","translated_text":"According to Orthodox tradition, Christianity was first preached in Georgia by the Apostles Simon and Andrew in the first century C.E.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini menjadi agama negara Kartli (Iberia) pada tahun 337.","translated_text":"It became the state religion of Kartli (Iberia) in 337.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[[Cyril Toumanoff|Toumanoff, Cyril]], \"Iberia between Chosroid and Bagratid Rule\", in ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', Georgetown, 1963, pp. 374-377. Accessible online at [http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html]","char_index":56,"name":"Toumanoff1963","url":"http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.151724-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite book|last=Rapp|first=Stephen H., Jr|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137|accessdate=11 May 2012|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9|page=138|chapter=7 - Georgian Christianity}}","char_index":56,"name":"Rapp2007","url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":46406,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.539272-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (97 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Konversi Kartli ke agama Kristen dikisahkan bermula dari seorang wanita Yunani yang disebut Santa Nino dari Kapadokia.","translated_text":"Kartli's conversion to Christianity is said to have begun with a Greek woman named Santa Nino of Cappadocia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja Ortodoks Georgia, awalnya bagian dari Gereja Antiokhia, memperoleh independensi dan dikembangkan spesifisitas doktrinal yang progresif antara abad ke-5 dan ke-10.","translated_text":"The Georgian Orthodox Church, originally part of the Church of Antioch, gained independence and developed a progressive doctrinal specificity between the 5th and 10th centuries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Alkitab juga diterjemahkan ke Georgia pada abad ke-5, dengan alfabet Georgia dikembangkan untuk tujuan penerjemahan itu.","translated_text":"The Bible was also translated into Georgian in the 5th century, with the Georgian alphabet being developed for that purpose.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti yang terjadi di tempat lain, gereja Kristen di Georgia sangat penting perannya untuk pengembangan bahasa tertulis, dan sebagian besar awal karya tulis adalah teks-teks agama.","translated_text":"As elsewhere, the Christian church in Georgia played an important role in the development of the written language, and most of the early written works were religious texts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Iman baru Georgia, yang menggantikan kepercayaan pagan dan Zoroastrianisme, telah menempatkan mereka secara permanen di garis depan konflik antara dunia Islam dan Kristen.","translated_text":"The new Georgian faith, which replaced pagan beliefs and Zoroastrianism, has permanently placed them at the forefront of the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Georgia sebagian besar tetap menganut Kekristenan meskipun invasi terus diulang oleh kekuatan Muslim, dan episode panjang dominasi pihak asing.","translated_text":"Georgia largely remained Christian despite repeated invasions by Muslim powers, and long episodes of foreign domination.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah Georgia dianeksasi oleh Kekaisaran Rusia, Gereja Ortodoks Rusia mengambil alih gereja Georgia pada tahun 1811.","translated_text":"After Georgia was annexed by the Russian Empire, the Russian Orthodox Church took over the Georgian church in 1811.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Georgia kembali independen hanya ketika kekuasaan Rusia berakhir pada tahun 1917.","translated_text":"The Georgian Church regained its independence only when Russian rule ended in 1917.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rezim Soviet yang memerintah dari tahun 1921 di Georgia tidak menganggap revitalisasi gereja Georgia sebagai tujuan penting.","translated_text":"The Soviet regime that ruled from 1921 onward in Georgia did not consider the revival of the Georgian church an important goal.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pemerintahan Soviet memberlakukan pembersihan besar dari hierarki gereja Georgia dan represi ibadah Ortodoks.","translated_text":"The Soviet government imposed a major purge of the Georgian church hierarchy and repression of Orthodox worship.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti di tempat lain di Uni Soviet, banyak gereja dihancurkan atau diubah menjadi bangunan sekuler.","translated_text":"As elsewhere in the Soviet Union, many churches were destroyed or converted into secular buildings.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejarah represi mendorong penggabungan identitas keagamaan ke dalam gerakan nasionalis yang kuat dan pencarian orang Georgia untuk ekspresi keagamaan di luar gereja resmi yang dikendalikan pemerintah.","translated_text":"The history of repression encouraged the fusion of religious identity into a strong nationalist movement and the Georgian search for religious expression outside the official church controlled by the government.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, para pemimpin oposisi, terutama Zviad Gamsakhurdia, mengkritik korupsi dalam hierarki gereja.","translated_text":"In the late 1960s and early 1970s, opposition leaders, especially Zviad Gamsakhurdia, criticized corruption in the church hierarchy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah Ilia II menjadi patriark (Katolikos) dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia pada akhir tahun 1970, Georgia Ortodoks mengalami kebangunan rohani.","translated_text":"After Ilia II became patriarch (Catholic) of the Georgian Orthodox Church in the late 1970's, Orthodox Georgia experienced a spiritual revival.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1988 Moskow mengizinkan patriark untuk mulai menyucikan dan membuka kembali gereja-gereja yang tertutup, dan proses restorasi besar-besaran dimulai.","translated_text":"In 1988 Moscow allowed the patriarchs to begin sanctifying and reopening the closed churches, and a massive restoration process began.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja Ortodoks Georgia telah kembali memiliki banyak kekuasaan dan kemerdekaan penuh dari negara sejak restorasi kemerdekaan Georgia pada tahun 1991.","translated_text":"The Georgian Orthodox Church has regained much power and full independence from the state since the restoration of Georgia's independence in 1991.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ortodoks Georgia dan Gereja Apostolik","translated_text":"Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja Ortodoks Georgia (nama lengkap Gereja Georgia Apostolik otosefalus Ortodoks, atau dalam bahasa Georgia, საქართველოს სამოციქულო მართლმადიდებელი ავტოკეფალური ეკლესია Sakartvelos Samocikulo Martlmadidebeli Avt'ok'epaluri Ek'lesia) adalah salah satu gereja Kristen di dunia yang paling kuno, dengan jejak tradisi langsung dari misi Rasul Andreas pada abad ke-1.","translated_text":"The Georgian Orthodox Church (full name Georgian Apostolic Church otosefalus Orthodox, or in Georgian, საქართველოს სამოციქულო მართლმადიდებელი ავტოკეფალური ეკლესია Sakartvelos Samocikulo Martlmadidebeli Avt'ok'epaluri Ek'lesia) is one of the most ancient Christian churches in the world, with a direct tradition tracing back to the mission of the Apostle Andrew in the 1st century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini adalah otosefalus (kepala sendiri) bagian dari Gereja Ortodoks Timur.","translated_text":"This is the autosephalus (self-headed) part of the Eastern Orthodox Church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Georgia Ortodoks telah menjadi agama negara di bagian Georgia sejak abad ke-4, dan merupakan agama mayoritas di negara itu.","translated_text":"Georgian Orthodox has been the state religion in Georgia since the 4th century, and is the majority religion in the country.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Konstitusi Georgia mengakui peran khusus dari Gereja Ortodoks Georgia dalam sejarah negara itu, tetapi juga menetapkan kemandirian gereja dari negara.","translated_text":"The Georgian Constitution recognizes the special role of the Georgian Orthodox Church in the country's history, but also establishes the independence of the church from the state.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hubungan antara Negara dan Gereja diatur oleh Perjanjian Konstitusi tahun 2002.","translated_text":"Relations between the State and the Church are governed by the 2002 Constitutional Treaty.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Georgia","translated_text":"Georgia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Menurut tradisi Ortodoks, Kristen pertama kali diberitakan di Georgia oleh Rasul Simon dan Andreas pada abad ke-1 Masehi. Ini menjadi agama negara Kartli (Iberia) pada tahun 337.","translated_text":"According to Orthodox tradition, Christianity was first preached in Georgia by the Apostles Simon and Andrew in the first century C.E. It became the state religion of Kartli (Iberia) in 337.","citations":[{"content":"[[Cyril Toumanoff|Toumanoff, Cyril]], \"Iberia between Chosroid and Bagratid Rule\", in ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', Georgetown, 1963, pp. 374-377. Accessible online at [http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html]","char_index":178,"name":"Toumanoff1963","url":"http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Toumicb/toumicb.html]","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":315,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.151724-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (27 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite book|last=Rapp|first=Stephen H., Jr|title=The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137|accessdate=11 May 2012|year=2007|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-3361-9|page=138|chapter=7 - Georgian Christianity}}","char_index":178,"name":"Rapp2007","url":"http://books.google.com/books?id=fWp9JA3aBvcC&pg=PA137","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":46406,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.539272-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (97 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat","wikicode":"{{Infobox Organization\n| name = {{PAGENAME}}\n| formation = {{start date and age|1992}}\n| image = Puteri Indonesia Logo.png\n| caption = Logo Puteri Indonesia\n| map = \n| abbreviation = {{hlist|Puteri Indonesia Sumbar|PI Sumbar}}\n| nickname = \n| named_after = [[Puteri Indonesia]] Regional\n| founding_location = [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], Indonesia\n| type = [[Kontes Kecantikan]] Regional\n| headquarters = [[Kota Padang]], Indonesia\n| membership = [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| language = {{hlist|[[Bahasa Indonesia]]|[[Bahasa Inggris]]}}\n| leader_title = [[Presiden]] dan [[CEO]] [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| leader_name = [[Mooryati Soedibyo]]\n| leader_title2 = Ketua [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| leader_name2 = [[Putri Kuswisnuwardhani]]\n| key_people = \n| parent_organization = [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| budget = \n| website = {{URL|http://www.puteri-indonesia.com/}}\n| native_name = \n| image_border = \n| size = 285px\n| msize = \n| mcaption = \n| motto = 3B (Brain, Beauty, Behavior)\n| location = {{INA}}\n| num_staff = \n}}\n'''Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat''' adalah gelar yang diberikan kepada perwakilan provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]] pada kontes [[Puteri Indonesia]]. Kontes sendiri biasanya diadakan tertutup (''handpick'').\n\nSumatera Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi yang sukses dalam kontes [[Puteri Indonesia]].\nHingga kini gelar pemenang Puteri Indonesia telah diraih sebanyak 2 kali oleh [[Melanie Putria Dewita Sari]] pada tahun [[Puteri Indonesia 2002|2002]], dan [[Whulandary Herman]] pada tahun [[Puteri Indonesia 2012-2013|2012-2013]].\nSedangkan posisi ''runner-up'' telah diraih selama 6 kali oleh [[Deasy Mulyani Jachnis]] (1995), [[Gusria Setiani]] (1996), [[Zukhriatul Hafizah]] (2009), [[Intan Aletrino]] (2016), [[Annisa Fitriana]] (2019) dan [[Louise Kalista Iskandar]] (2020).\n\n== Persyaratan ==\nPersyaratan bagi peserta pemilihan Puteri Indonesia:\n* [[Warga Negara Indonesia]], berusia 18-25 tahun, belum [[menikah]] dengan tinggi badan minimum 170 cm.\n* Peserta daerah harus berdomisili atau berasal dari daerah yang diwakilinya.\n* Memiliki pengetahuan umum dan berwawasan luas tentang pariwisata dan [[kebudayaan]] Indonesia.\n* Berpenampilan menarik/cantik, cerdas, dan berkepribadian.\n* Mampu berkomunikasi dalam bahasa asing (terutama Bahasa Inggris) akan memberikan nilai tambah.\n* Diutamakan yang memiliki keahlian khusus/prestasi pada suatu bidang (misalnya: [[musik]], [[tari]], tarik suara, kepemimpinan, [[bahasa]], dan lain-lain).\n\n== Penilaian ==\nParameter penilaian yang digunakan dalam pemilihan Puteri Indonesia adalah ''3B'', yaitu:\n* ''Brain'': Kecerdasan\n* ''Beauty'': Penampilan menarik\n* ''Behavior'': Berperilaku baik.\nSelain itu, terampil dalam berkomunikasi, dapat berpikir secara rasional, memiliki pengetahuan umum yang luas dan memiliki kepedulian sosial yang tinggi serta berwawasan pariwisata.\n\n== Hasil ==\n\n* '''Puteri Indonesia:''' [[Melanie Putria|Melanie Putria Dewita Sari]] (2002), [[Whulandary Herman]] (2012-2013)\n* '''Runner-up 1:''' [[Zukhriatul Hafizah]] (2009)\n* '''Runner-up 2:''' [[Intan Aletrino]] (2016), [[Gusria Setiani]] (1996)\n* '''Runner-up 3:''' [[Annisa Fitriana]] (2019), [[Kalista Iskandar|Louise Kalista Iskandar]] (2020)\n* '''5/6 besar:''' Reni Fatima Agus Salim (1994), [[Deasy Mulyani Jachnis]] (1995)\n* '''10/11 besar:''' [[Dora Multa Sari]] (2004), Milfa Yeni (2007), [[Rika Pertiwi Zulfi]] (2010), [[Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan]] (2011), [[Raisa Adila Andomi]] (2014), Puji Chegana (2017), Resti Asda Parwanti (2018), Erviera Syahnaz Maryam Lovienta (2022)\n\nPuteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat tercatat menorehkan 17 kali kualifikasi semifinal dalam ajang Puteri Indonesia sejak tahun 1992. \n\n== Pemenang ==\n=== Pemegang Gelar ===\nBerikut adalah pemenang Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 1992:\n\n;Keterangan Warna\n{{small|{{plainlist|\n* {{colorbox|orange}} : Sebagai [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n* {{colorbox|gold}} : Sebagai [[Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan]] (''1st Runner-up'')\n* {{colorbox|yellow}} : Sebagai [[Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata]] (''2nd Runner-up'')\n* {{colorbox|lightblue}} : Sebagai [[Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian]] (''3rd Runner-up'')\n* {{colorbox|pink}} : Sebagai finalis 5/6 Besar\n* {{colorbox|lightgreen}} : Sebagai finalis 10/11/15 Besar\n}}}}\n\n{| class=\"sortable wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|- style=\"background:#ccc;\"\n! Tahun\n! Nama\n!Usia{{ref label|note01|a}}\n! Daerah Asal\n! Posisi pada Puteri Indonesia\n! Kontes Internasional\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1992|1992]]\n|Irvina Zainal\n|\n|[[Kabupaten Pasaman]]\n|\n|\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1994|1994]]\n| Reni Fatima Agus Salim\n| \n| [[Kota Padang]]\n|Harapan II\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1995|1995]]\n| [[Deasy Mulyani Jachnis]]\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Agam]]\n|5 Besar\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}} \n|- style=\"background:yellow;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1996|1996]]\n| [[Gusria Setiani]]\n| \n| [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata|Runner-up 2]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2000|2000]]\n| Cindy Lestari\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n| \n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2001|2001]]\n| Melati Zulkarnaen\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Pasaman]]\n|\n|\n|- style=\"background:gold;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2002|2002]]\n| [[Melanie Putria Dewita Sari]]\n|20\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2003|2003]]\n| Yoke Paramitha Djati\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n|\n| \n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2004|2004]]\n| [[Dora Multa Sari]]\n| 21\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| 10 Besar\n| \n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2005|2005]]\n| Yolla Giovanna\n|21\n| [[Kota Payakumbuh]]\n|\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2006|2006]]\n| [[Adeke Dini Fahransa]]\n|21\n| [[Kota Sawahlunto]]\n| \n| \n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2007|2007]]\n| Milfa Yeni\n|23\n| [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n|10 Besar\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2008|2008]]\n| [[Emilia Slamat|Emilia Farida Slamat]]\n|25\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Persahabatan|''Puteri Indonesia Persahabatan'']]\n| \n|- style=\"background:gold;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2009|2009]]\n| [[Zukhriatul Hafizah]]\n|23\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n|[[Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan]]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss International 2010]]'''}}\n* '''Peserta'''\n* Miss Friendship\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2010|2010]]\n| [[Rika Pertiwi Zulfi]]\n|23\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| 10 Besar\n|\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2011|2011]]\n| [[Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan]]\n|20\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n| 10 Besar\n|\n|- style=\"background:orange;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2013|2013]]\n| [[Whulandary Herman]]\n|24\n| [[Kota Pariaman]]\n|\n* [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan|''Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan Sumatra'']]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss Universe 2013]]'''}} \n* '''16 Besar'''\n* Runner-up 3 Best National Costume\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2014|2014]]\n| [[Raisa Adila Andomi]]\n|21\n| [[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n|\n* 10 Besar\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan|''Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan Sumatra'']]\n* ''Puteri Intelegensia 2''\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2015|2015]]\n| Dara Anggun Sasra Sugiri\n|22\n| [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]]\n|\n| \n|- style=\"background:yellow;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2016|2016]]\n| [[Intan Aletrino]]\n|22\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata]]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss Supranational 2016]]'''}}\n* '''10 Besar'''\n* Miss Multimedia\n* Miss Elegance\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2017|2017]]\n| Puji Chegana{{Cite web|last=Fimela.com|date=2017-03-31|title=Grand Final Puteri Indonesia 2017 Digelar Malam Ini|url=https://www.fimela.com/entertainment/read/2905905/grand-final-puteri-indonesia-2017-digelar-malam-ini|website=fimela.com|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|20\n| [[Kota Sawahlunto]]\n|\n* 11 Besar\n* ''Best in Traditional Costume - Juara 2''\n|\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2018|2018]]\n|Resti Asda Parwanti{{Cite web|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Hidayatty|first2=Ulfa Luthfia|title=9 Inspirasi Kebaya Resti Asda Parwanti, Puteri Indonesia 2018|url=https://www.idntimes.com/life/women/ulfa-luthfia-hidayatty/inspirasi-kebaya-resti-asda-parwanti|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|24\n|[[Kota Pariaman]]\n|\n* 11 Besar\n* ''Puteri Intelegensia 1''\n* ''Best in Evening Gown''\n|\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2019|2019]]\n| [[Annisa Fitriana]]{{Cite web|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Aisya|first2=Putri|title=10 Pesona Kebaya dan Busana Etnik ala Annisa Fitriana, Megah!|url=https://www.idntimes.com/life/inspiration/putri-aisya-1/kebaya-dan-busana-etnik-ala-annisa-fitriana-1|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|23\n| [[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian|Runner-up 3]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2020|2020]]\n|[[Louise Kalista Iskandar]]{{Cite web|last=Sonia|date=2020-03-07|title=Jadi Utusan Sumatera Barat di Puteri Indonesia 2020, Ini Profil Kalista Iskandar|url=https://padangkita.com/jadi-utusan-sumatra-barat-di-putri-indonesia-2020-ini-profil-kalista-iskandar/|website=Padangkita.com|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|21\n|[[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n|\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian|Runner-up 3]]\n* ''Best in Evening Gown - Juara 2''\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2022|2022]]\n|Erviera Syahnaz Maryam Lovienta{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2022-04-11|title=Elviera Syahnaz Tengah Berjuang Jadi Puteri Indonesia, Orang Sumbar Wajib Bantu Nihh|url=https://www.tribunsumbar.com/elviera-syahnaz-tengah-berjuang-jadi-puteri-indonesia-orang-sumbar-wajib-bantu-nih|website=Tribun Sumbar|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|23\n|[[Kabupaten Solok]]\n|11 Besar\n|\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2023|2023]]\n|Wahyuni Andira Kuruseng\n|25\n|[[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n|\n|\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2024|2024]]\n|Fitria Helnawati{{cite web|last=Prima|first=Berkat|date=25 Januari 2024|title=11 Finalis Puteri Indonesia 2024 dari Audisi Nasional Gelombang Kedua|url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/amp/berkat-prima/finalis-puteri-indonesia-2024-dari-audisi-nasional-gelombang-kedua-c1c2|website=[[IDN Times]]|access-date=27 Januari 2024}}{{Cite web|last=Haikal|first=M.|date=2024-02-17|title=Fitria Helnawati, Puteri Indonesia Sumbar 2024 Gaungkan Advokasi Isu Kesehatan Mental|url=https://katasumbar.com/fitria-helnawati-puteri-indonesia-sumbar-2024-gaungkan-advokasi-isu-kesehatan-mental/|website=Kata Sumbar|language=id|access-date=2024-02-18}}\n|21\n|[[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]]\n|Tidak Tampil di Malam Final\n|\n|}\n\n=== Statistik Kemenangan ===\n[[File:Putri Indonesia Sumatera Barat.png|thumb|Putri Indonesia Sumatera Barat]]\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"font-size:75%\"\n!Kota/Kabupaten/Wilayah\n!{{Abbr|Total}}\n!Tahun kemenangan\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Padang.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Padang]]'''\n|6\n|1994, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2016\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Solok.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Solok]]'''\n|4\n|2003, 2008, 2011, 2022\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Lima_Puluh_Kota.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |3\n|2000, 2007, 2023\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Kota_Bukittinggi.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Bukittinggi]]'''\n|2014, 2019, 2020\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Pariaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Pariaman]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2\n|2013, 2018\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Wapen_Pasaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pasaman]]'''\n|1992, 2001\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Padang_Pariaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]]'''\n| rowspan=\"5\" |1\n| 2024\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Mentawai.jpg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]]'''\n|2015\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Payakumbuh.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Payakumbuh]]'''\n| 2005\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Tanah_Datar.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]'''\n| 1996\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Agam_Regency.PNG|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Agam]]'''\n| 1995\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Dharmasraya.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Pasaman_Barat.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pasaman Barat]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Pesisir_Selatan_Regency.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Sijunjung_Regency.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Solok_Selatan.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logopadangpanjang.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Padang Panjang]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Sawahlunto.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Sawahlunto]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|}{{smalldiv|; Catatan\n* {{note label|note01|a|}} Usia pada kontes berlangsung}}\n\n== Trivia ==\n*Irvina Zainal ([[Puteri Indonesia 1992|1992]]) merupakan ibu kandung dari artis indonesia [[Kimberly Ryder]] dan [[Natasha Ryder]]\n* [[Melanie Putria Dewita Sari]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2002|2002]]), sebagai Pemenang menyatakan tidak akan mengikuti kontes dunia, [[Miss Universe]], karena ia merasa tugasnya sebagai Puteri Indonesia dirasa sudah cukup berat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/220833/melanie-putria-menikmati-sebagai-putri-indonesia|title=Melanie Putria Menikmati sebagai Putri Indonesia|last=Liputan6.com|date=2003-08-12|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2020-03-29}}\n* [[Zukhriatul Hafizah]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2009|2009]]), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes [[Miss International 2010]] di [[Chengdu]], [[Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Tiongkok]], namun gagal menembus tahap semifinalis dan mendapatkan gelar ''Miss Friendship''.\n* [[Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2011|2011]]), berpartisipasi dalam [[Miss Earth Indonesia 2014]] dan berhasil menjadi '''Pemenang''', dan mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Earth 2014 di [[Manila]], [[Filipina]] namun belum membuahkan hasil dan penghargaan khusus Best in National Costume Asia & Oseania dan Miss Jansen Aesthetic.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/images/seleb/view/1461261/miss-earth-indonesia-2014-raih-4-penghargaan-sekaligus|title=Miss Earth Indonesia 2014 Raih 4 Penghargaan Sekaligus|website=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-03-29}} Annisa juga mewakili Indonesia dalam kontes [[Miss Eco International 2017]] di [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], [[Mesir]], dan berhasil masuk dalam 10 Besar dan penghargaan khusus Best Eco Dress dan Runner-up 2 Best National Costume.{{Cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/selamat-wakil-indonesia-raih-best-eco-dress-di-ajang-miss-eco-international-2017-809121|title=Selamat! Wakil Indonesia Raih Best Eco Dress di Ajang Miss Eco International 2017|date=2017-04-11|website=Solopos.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-03-29}}\n* [[Whulandary Herman]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2012-2013|2012-2013]]), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes [[Miss Universe 2013]] di [[Moskow]], [[Rusia]], dan berhasil meraih posisi Top 16 dan Runner-up 3 Best National Costume.{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/742954/whulandary-tembus-top-16-dan-posisi-4-best-national-costume|title=Whulandary Tembus Top 16 dan Posisi 4 Best National Costume|last=Liputan6.com|date=2013-11-11|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2020-03-29}}\n* [[Raisa Adila Andomi]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2014|2014]]), sebelumnya berkompetisi pada kontes [[Wajah Femina|Wajah Femina 2011]] dan berhasil meraih posisi Runner-Up.\n* [[Intan Aletrino]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2016|2016]]), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes [[Miss Supranational 2016|Miss Supranational 2016 di Krynica-Zdroj, Polandia]], serta berhasil memperoleh Top 10, Miss Multimedia Award, dan Miss Elegance.\n* [[Louise Kalista Wilson-Iskandar]] ([[Puteri Indonesia 2020|2020]]), sebelumnya berkompetisi pada kontes Putri Batik Nusantara 2019, dan berhasil meraih meraih Top 5 dan penghargaan khusus ''Miss Congeniality.''\n== Galeri Pemenang ==\n\nBerkas:Zukhriatul_Hafizah_Muhammad_Ini_Talk_Show_Netmediatama.jpg|'''Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat 2009'''
– [[Puteri Indonesia 2009|Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan 2009]]
[[Zukhriatul Hafizah]]\nBerkas:Whulandary_Herman.jpg|'''Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat 2009'''
– [[Puteri Indonesia 2013]]
[[Whulandary Herman]]\n\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist|2}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n* [http://www.puteri-indonesia.com/ Situs resmi Puteri Indonesia]\n{{Puteri Indonesia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Sumatera Barat]]\n[[Kategori:Puteri Indonesia|S]]","hash":"d31f124f0ffeb59485b52fb44bc09bc1ab81d5a402ea0cc03a5c3fd44cbbe83e","last_revision":"2024-04-07T11:57:40Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:41:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:18.023035","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat adalah gelar yang diberikan kepada perwakilan provinsi Sumatera Barat pada kontes Puteri Indonesia. Kontes sendiri biasanya diadakan tertutup (handpick).\n\nSumatera Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi yang sukses dalam kontes Puteri Indonesia. Hingga kini gelar pemenang Puteri Indonesia telah diraih sebanyak 2 kali oleh Melanie Putria Dewita Sari pada tahun 2002, dan Whulandary Herman pada tahun 2012-2013. Sedangkan posisi runner-up telah diraih selama 6 kali oleh Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995), Gusria Setiani (1996), Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), Intan Aletrino (2016), Annisa Fitriana (2019) dan Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020).\n\nPersyaratan bagi peserta pemilihan Puteri Indonesia: Warga Negara Indonesia, berusia 18-25 tahun, belum menikah dengan tinggi badan minimum 170 cm. Peserta daerah harus berdomisili atau berasal dari daerah yang diwakilinya. Memiliki pengetahuan umum dan berwawasan luas tentang pariwisata dan kebudayaan Indonesia. Berpenampilan menarik/cantik, cerdas, dan berkepribadian. Mampu berkomunikasi dalam bahasa asing (terutama Bahasa Inggris) akan memberikan nilai tambah. Diutamakan yang memiliki keahlian khusus/prestasi pada suatu bidang (misalnya: musik, tari, tarik suara, kepemimpinan, bahasa, dan lain-lain).\n\nParameter penilaian yang digunakan dalam pemilihan Puteri Indonesia adalah 3B, yaitu: Brain: Kecerdasan Beauty: Penampilan menarik Behavior: Berperilaku baik. Selain itu, terampil dalam berkomunikasi, dapat berpikir secara rasional, memiliki pengetahuan umum yang luas dan memiliki kepedulian sosial yang tinggi serta berwawasan pariwisata.\n\nPuteri Indonesia: Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), Whulandary Herman (2012-2013) Runner-up 1: Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009) Runner-up 2: Intan Aletrino (2016), Gusria Setiani (1996) Runner-up 3: Annisa Fitriana (2019), Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020) 5/6 besar: Reni Fatima Agus Salim (1994), Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995) 10/11 besar: Dora Multa Sari (2004), Milfa Yeni (2007), Rika Pertiwi Zulfi (2010), Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), Raisa Adila Andomi (2014), Puji Chegana (2017), Resti Asda Parwanti (2018), Erviera Syahnaz Maryam Lovienta (2022)\n\nPuteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat tercatat menorehkan 17 kali kualifikasi semifinal dalam ajang Puteri Indonesia sejak tahun 1992.\n\nBerikut adalah pemenang Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 1992:\n\nKeterangan Warna\n\nIrvina Zainal (1992) merupakan ibu kandung dari artis indonesia Kimberly Ryder dan Natasha Ryder Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), sebagai Pemenang menyatakan tidak akan mengikuti kontes dunia, Miss Universe, karena ia merasa tugasnya sebagai Puteri Indonesia dirasa sudah cukup berat. Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss International 2010 di Chengdu, Tiongkok, namun gagal menembus tahap semifinalis dan mendapatkan gelar Miss Friendship. Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), berpartisipasi dalam Miss Earth Indonesia 2014 dan berhasil menjadi Pemenang, dan mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Earth 2014 di Manila, Filipina namun belum membuahkan hasil dan penghargaan khusus Best in National Costume Asia & Oseania dan Miss Jansen Aesthetic. Annisa juga mewakili Indonesia dalam kontes Miss Eco International 2017 di Sharm el-Sheikh, Mesir, dan berhasil masuk dalam 10 Besar dan penghargaan khusus Best Eco Dress dan Runner-up 2 Best National Costume. Whulandary Herman (2012-2013), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Universe 2013 di Moskow, Rusia, dan berhasil meraih posisi Top 16 dan Runner-up 3 Best National Costume. Raisa Adila Andomi (2014), sebelumnya berkompetisi pada kontes Wajah Femina 2011 dan berhasil meraih posisi Runner-Up. Intan Aletrino (2016), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Supranational 2016 di Krynica-Zdroj, Polandia, serta berhasil memperoleh Top 10, Miss Multimedia Award, dan Miss Elegance. Louise Kalista Wilson-Iskandar (2020), sebelumnya berkompetisi pada kontes Putri Batik Nusantara 2019, dan berhasil meraih meraih Top 5 dan penghargaan khusus Miss Congeniality.\n\nSitus resmi Puteri Indonesia\n\nKategori:Sumatera Barat S\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox Organization\n| name = {{PAGENAME}}\n| formation = {{start date and age|1992}}\n| image = Puteri Indonesia Logo.png\n| caption = Logo Puteri Indonesia\n| map = \n| abbreviation = {{hlist|Puteri Indonesia Sumbar|PI Sumbar}}\n| nickname = \n| named_after = [[Puteri Indonesia]] Regional\n| founding_location = [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], Indonesia\n| type = [[Kontes Kecantikan]] Regional\n| headquarters = [[Kota Padang]], Indonesia\n| membership = [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| language = {{hlist|[[Bahasa Indonesia]]|[[Bahasa Inggris]]}}\n| leader_title = [[Presiden]] dan [[CEO]] [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| leader_name = [[Mooryati Soedibyo]]\n| leader_title2 = Ketua [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| leader_name2 = [[Putri Kuswisnuwardhani]]\n| key_people = \n| parent_organization = [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| budget = \n| website = {{URL|http://www.puteri-indonesia.com/}}\n| native_name = \n| image_border = \n| size = 285px\n| msize = \n| mcaption = \n| motto = 3B (Brain, Beauty, Behavior)\n| location = {{INA}}\n| num_staff = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat adalah gelar yang diberikan kepada perwakilan provinsi Sumatera Barat pada kontes Puteri Indonesia.","translated_text":"Princess of Indonesia West Sumatra is the title given to the representative of the province of West Sumatra in the Princess of Indonesia contest.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kontes sendiri biasanya diadakan tertutup (handpick).","translated_text":"The contest itself is usually held closed (handpick).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sumatera Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi yang sukses dalam kontes Puteri Indonesia.","translated_text":"Western Sumatra is one of the successful provinces in the Indonesian Princess contest.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hingga kini gelar pemenang Puteri Indonesia telah diraih sebanyak 2 kali oleh Melanie Putria Dewita Sari pada tahun 2002, dan Whulandary Herman pada tahun 2012-2013.","translated_text":"To date, the title of Indonesian Princess has been won twice by Melanie Putria Dewita Sari in 2002, and Whulandary Herman in 2012-2013.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan posisi runner-up telah diraih selama 6 kali oleh Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995), Gusria Setiani (1996), Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), Intan Aletrino (2016), Annisa Fitriana (2019) dan Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020).","translated_text":"While the runner-up position has been achieved for 6 times by Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995), Gusria Setiani (1996), Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), Intan Aletrino (2016), Annisa Fitriana (2019) and Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Persyaratan","translated_text":"Requirements","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Persyaratan bagi peserta pemilihan Puteri Indonesia: Warga Negara Indonesia, berusia 18-25 tahun, belum menikah dengan tinggi badan minimum 170 cm.","translated_text":"Requirements for contestants in the Indonesian Princess election: Citizens of Indonesia, aged 18-25 years, unmarried with a minimum height of 170 cm.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peserta daerah harus berdomisili atau berasal dari daerah yang diwakilinya.","translated_text":"Regional participants must be domiciled or come from the region they represent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Memiliki pengetahuan umum dan berwawasan luas tentang pariwisata dan kebudayaan Indonesia.","translated_text":"Has a general knowledge and broad insight into Indonesian tourism and culture.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berpenampilan menarik/cantik, cerdas, dan berkepribadian.","translated_text":"He looks attractive, smart, and personable.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mampu berkomunikasi dalam bahasa asing (terutama Bahasa Inggris) akan memberikan nilai tambah.","translated_text":"Being able to communicate in a foreign language (especially English) will provide added value.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Diutamakan yang memiliki keahlian khusus/prestasi pada suatu bidang (misalnya: musik, tari, tarik suara, kepemimpinan, bahasa, dan lain-lain).","translated_text":"Preferably those with special skills/achievements in a field (e.g.: music, dance, vocals, leadership, language, etc.).","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penilaian","translated_text":"Assessment","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Parameter penilaian yang digunakan dalam pemilihan Puteri Indonesia adalah 3B, yaitu: Brain: Kecerdasan Beauty:","translated_text":"The rating parameters used in the selection of Princess Indonesia are 3B, namely: Brain: Beauty Intelligence:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penampilan menarik Behavior: Berperilaku baik.","translated_text":"Attractive appearance Behavior: Behave well.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, terampil dalam berkomunikasi, dapat berpikir secara rasional, memiliki pengetahuan umum yang luas dan memiliki kepedulian sosial yang tinggi serta berwawasan pariwisata.","translated_text":"In addition, he is skilled in communication, able to think rationally, possesses extensive general knowledge and has a high level of social concern and tourism vision.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Hasil","translated_text":"Results","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Puteri Indonesia: Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), Whulandary Herman (2012-2013) Runner-up 1: Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009) Runner-up 2: Intan Aletrino (2016), Gusria Setiani (1996) Runner-up 3: Annisa Fitriana (2019), Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020) 5/6 besar: Reni Fatima Agus Salim (1994), Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995) 10/11 besar: Dora Multa Sari (2004), Milfa Yeni (2007), Rika Pertiwi Zulfi (2010), Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), Raisa Adila Andomi (2014), Puji Chegana (2017), Resti Asda Parwanti (2018), Erviera Syahnaz Maryam Lovienta (2022)","translated_text":"Princess of Indonesia: Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), Whulandary Herman (2012-2013) Runner-up 1: Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009) Runner-up 2: Intan Aletrino (2016), Gusria Setiani (1996) Runner-up 3: Annisa Fitriana (2019), Louise Kalista Iskandar (2020) 5/6 large: Reni Fatima Agus Salim (1994), Deasy Mulyani Jachnis (1995) 10/11 large: Dora Multa Sari (2004), Milfa Yeni (2007), Rika Pertiwi Zulfi (2010), Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), Raisa Adila Andomi (2014), Puji Cheji (2017), Resti Asda Parti (2018), Erviera Snaz Lentavi Maryam (2022)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat tercatat menorehkan 17 kali kualifikasi semifinal dalam ajang Puteri Indonesia sejak tahun 1992.","translated_text":"The Indonesian princess of West Sumatra has recorded 17 semifinal qualifiers in the Indonesian princess event since 1992.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemenang","translated_text":"The winner.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemegang Gelar","translated_text":"Holder of the degree","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut adalah pemenang Puteri Indonesia Sumatera Barat sejak tahun 1992:","translated_text":"The following are the winners of Indonesian Princess West Sumatra since 1992:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Keterangan Warna","translated_text":"Color specifications","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"sortable wikitable\" style=\"font-size:90%\"\n|- style=\"background:#ccc;\"\n! Tahun\n! Nama\n!Usia{{ref label|note01|a}}\n! Daerah Asal\n! Posisi pada Puteri Indonesia\n! Kontes Internasional\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1992|1992]]\n|Irvina Zainal\n|\n|[[Kabupaten Pasaman]]\n|\n|\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1994|1994]]\n| Reni Fatima Agus Salim\n| \n| [[Kota Padang]]\n|Harapan II\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1995|1995]]\n| [[Deasy Mulyani Jachnis]]\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Agam]]\n|5 Besar\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}} \n|- style=\"background:yellow;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 1996|1996]]\n| [[Gusria Setiani]]\n| \n| [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata|Runner-up 2]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2000|2000]]\n| Cindy Lestari\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n| \n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2001|2001]]\n| Melati Zulkarnaen\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Pasaman]]\n|\n|\n|- style=\"background:gold;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2002|2002]]\n| [[Melanie Putria Dewita Sari]]\n|20\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2003|2003]]\n| Yoke Paramitha Djati\n|\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n|\n| \n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2004|2004]]\n| [[Dora Multa Sari]]\n| 21\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| 10 Besar\n| \n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2005|2005]]\n| Yolla Giovanna\n|21\n| [[Kota Payakumbuh]]\n|\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2006|2006]]\n| [[Adeke Dini Fahransa]]\n|21\n| [[Kota Sawahlunto]]\n| \n| \n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2007|2007]]\n| Milfa Yeni\n|23\n| [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n|10 Besar\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2008|2008]]\n| [[Emilia Slamat|Emilia Farida Slamat]]\n|25\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Persahabatan|''Puteri Indonesia Persahabatan'']]\n| \n|- style=\"background:gold;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2009|2009]]\n| [[Zukhriatul Hafizah]]\n|23\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n|[[Puteri Indonesia Lingkungan]]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss International 2010]]'''}}\n* '''Peserta'''\n* Miss Friendship\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2010|2010]]\n| [[Rika Pertiwi Zulfi]]\n|23\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| 10 Besar\n|\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2011|2011]]\n| [[Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan]]\n|20\n| [[Kabupaten Solok]]\n| 10 Besar\n|\n|- style=\"background:orange;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2013|2013]]\n| [[Whulandary Herman]]\n|24\n| [[Kota Pariaman]]\n|\n* [[Puteri Indonesia]]\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan|''Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan Sumatra'']]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss Universe 2013]]'''}} \n* '''16 Besar'''\n* Runner-up 3 Best National Costume\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2014|2014]]\n| [[Raisa Adila Andomi]]\n|21\n| [[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n|\n* 10 Besar\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan|''Puteri Indonesia Kepulauan Sumatra'']]\n* ''Puteri Intelegensia 2''\n|\n|-\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2015|2015]]\n| Dara Anggun Sasra Sugiri\n|22\n| [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]]\n|\n| \n|- style=\"background:yellow;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2016|2016]]\n| [[Intan Aletrino]]\n|22\n| [[Kota Padang]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Pariwisata]]\n| {{center|'''[[Miss Supranational 2016]]'''}}\n* '''10 Besar'''\n* Miss Multimedia\n* Miss Elegance\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2017|2017]]\n| Puji Chegana{{Cite web|last=Fimela.com|date=2017-03-31|title=Grand Final Puteri Indonesia 2017 Digelar Malam Ini|url=https://www.fimela.com/entertainment/read/2905905/grand-final-puteri-indonesia-2017-digelar-malam-ini|website=fimela.com|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|20\n| [[Kota Sawahlunto]]\n|\n* 11 Besar\n* ''Best in Traditional Costume - Juara 2''\n|\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2018|2018]]\n|Resti Asda Parwanti{{Cite web|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Hidayatty|first2=Ulfa Luthfia|title=9 Inspirasi Kebaya Resti Asda Parwanti, Puteri Indonesia 2018|url=https://www.idntimes.com/life/women/ulfa-luthfia-hidayatty/inspirasi-kebaya-resti-asda-parwanti|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|24\n|[[Kota Pariaman]]\n|\n* 11 Besar\n* ''Puteri Intelegensia 1''\n* ''Best in Evening Gown''\n|\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n| [[Puteri Indonesia 2019|2019]]\n| [[Annisa Fitriana]]{{Cite web|last=Times|first=I. D. N.|last2=Aisya|first2=Putri|title=10 Pesona Kebaya dan Busana Etnik ala Annisa Fitriana, Megah!|url=https://www.idntimes.com/life/inspiration/putri-aisya-1/kebaya-dan-busana-etnik-ala-annisa-fitriana-1|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|23\n| [[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n| [[Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian|Runner-up 3]]\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:pink;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2020|2020]]\n|[[Louise Kalista Iskandar]]{{Cite web|last=Sonia|date=2020-03-07|title=Jadi Utusan Sumatera Barat di Puteri Indonesia 2020, Ini Profil Kalista Iskandar|url=https://padangkita.com/jadi-utusan-sumatra-barat-di-putri-indonesia-2020-ini-profil-kalista-iskandar/|website=Padangkita.com|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|21\n|[[Kota Bukittinggi]]\n|\n* [[Puteri Indonesia Perdamaian|Runner-up 3]]\n* ''Best in Evening Gown - Juara 2''\n| {{center|''Tidak berkompetisi''}}\n|- style=\"background:lightgreen;\" |\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2022|2022]]\n|Erviera Syahnaz Maryam Lovienta{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2022-04-11|title=Elviera Syahnaz Tengah Berjuang Jadi Puteri Indonesia, Orang Sumbar Wajib Bantu Nihh|url=https://www.tribunsumbar.com/elviera-syahnaz-tengah-berjuang-jadi-puteri-indonesia-orang-sumbar-wajib-bantu-nih|website=Tribun Sumbar|language=id|access-date=2022-12-01}}\n|23\n|[[Kabupaten Solok]]\n|11 Besar\n|\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2023|2023]]\n|Wahyuni Andira Kuruseng\n|25\n|[[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]\n|\n|\n|-\n|[[Puteri Indonesia 2024|2024]]\n|Fitria Helnawati{{cite web|last=Prima|first=Berkat|date=25 Januari 2024|title=11 Finalis Puteri Indonesia 2024 dari Audisi Nasional Gelombang Kedua|url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/amp/berkat-prima/finalis-puteri-indonesia-2024-dari-audisi-nasional-gelombang-kedua-c1c2|website=[[IDN Times]]|access-date=27 Januari 2024}}{{Cite web|last=Haikal|first=M.|date=2024-02-17|title=Fitria Helnawati, Puteri Indonesia Sumbar 2024 Gaungkan Advokasi Isu Kesehatan Mental|url=https://katasumbar.com/fitria-helnawati-puteri-indonesia-sumbar-2024-gaungkan-advokasi-isu-kesehatan-mental/|website=Kata Sumbar|language=id|access-date=2024-02-18}}\n|21\n|[[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]]\n|Tidak Tampil di Malam Final\n|\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik Kemenangan","translated_text":"Winning statistics","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\" style=\"font-size:75%\"\n!Kota/Kabupaten/Wilayah\n!{{Abbr|Total}}\n!Tahun kemenangan\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Padang.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Padang]]'''\n|6\n|1994, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2016\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Solok.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Solok]]'''\n|4\n|2003, 2008, 2011, 2022\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Lima_Puluh_Kota.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |3\n|2000, 2007, 2023\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Kota_Bukittinggi.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Bukittinggi]]'''\n|2014, 2019, 2020\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Pariaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Pariaman]]'''\n| rowspan=\"2\" |2\n|2013, 2018\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Wapen_Pasaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pasaman]]'''\n|1992, 2001\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Padang_Pariaman.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman]]'''\n| rowspan=\"5\" |1\n| 2024\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Mentawai.jpg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai]]'''\n|2015\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Payakumbuh.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Payakumbuh]]'''\n| 2005\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Tanah_Datar.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]'''\n| 1996\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logo_Agam_Regency.PNG|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Agam]]'''\n| 1995\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Dharmasraya.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Pasaman_Barat.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pasaman Barat]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Pesisir_Selatan_Regency.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Sijunjung_Regency.svg|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kabupaten_Solok_Selatan.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Logopadangpanjang.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Padang Panjang]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|-\n|[[Berkas:Lambang_Kota_Sawahlunto.png|33x33px]]''' [[Kota Sawahlunto]]'''\n|0\n| -\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Trivia","translated_text":"The Trivia","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Irvina Zainal (1992) merupakan ibu kandung dari artis indonesia Kimberly Ryder dan Natasha Ryder Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), sebagai Pemenang menyatakan tidak akan mengikuti kontes dunia, Miss Universe, karena ia merasa tugasnya sebagai Puteri Indonesia dirasa sudah cukup berat.","translated_text":"Irvina Zainal (1992) is the mother of Indonesian actresses Kimberly Ryder and Natasha Ryder Melanie Putria Dewita Sari (2002), as the winner declared not to participate in the world pageant, Miss Universe, because she felt her duties as Princess Indonesia felt quite heavy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/220833/melanie-putria-menikmati-sebagai-putri-indonesia|title=Melanie Putria Menikmati sebagai Putri Indonesia|last=Liputan6.com|date=2003-08-12|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2020-03-29}}","char_index":286,"name":null,"url":"https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/220833/melanie-putria-menikmati-sebagai-putri-indonesia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":284563,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:52.802018-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7294921875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss International 2010 di Chengdu, Tiongkok, namun gagal menembus tahap semifinalis dan mendapatkan gelar Miss Friendship.","translated_text":"Zukhriatul Hafizah (2009), represented Indonesia at the Miss International 2010 pageant in Chengdu, China, but failed to break through the semifinals stage and earned the title of Miss Friendship.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), berpartisipasi dalam Miss Earth Indonesia 2014 dan berhasil menjadi Pemenang, dan mewakili Indonesia pada kontes Miss Earth 2014 di Manila, Filipina namun belum membuahkan hasil dan penghargaan khusus Best in National Costume Asia & Oseania dan Miss Jansen Aesthetic.","translated_text":"Annisa Ananda Nusyirwan (2011), participated in Miss Earth Indonesia 2014 and successfully became the Winner, and represented Indonesia at the Miss Earth 2014 pageant in Manila, Philippines but has yet to produce results and special awards for Best in National Costume Asia & Oceania and Miss Jansen Aesthetic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/images/seleb/view/1461261/miss-earth-indonesia-2014-raih-4-penghargaan-sekaligus|title=Miss Earth Indonesia 2014 Raih 4 Penghargaan Sekaligus|website=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-03-29}}","char_index":299,"name":null,"url":"https://www.tribunnews.com/images/seleb/view/1461261/miss-earth-indonesia-2014-raih-4-penghargaan-sekaligus","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":130233,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:57.771014-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8515625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Annisa juga mewakili Indonesia dalam kontes Miss Eco International 2017 di Sharm el-Sheikh, Mesir, dan berhasil masuk dalam 10 Besar dan penghargaan khusus Best Eco Dress dan Runner-up 2 Best National Costume.","translated_text":"Annisa also represented Indonesia in the Miss Eco International 2017 pageant in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, and made it into the Top 10 and special awards Best Eco Dress and Runner-up 2 Best National Costume.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=https://www.solopos.com/selamat-wakil-indonesia-raih-best-eco-dress-di-ajang-miss-eco-international-2017-809121|title=Selamat! 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Gilbert]]","hash":"0713e46a48862e9b343d328a461415cf194b1b88587a4c5e71d99f82d9b41447","last_revision":"2014-04-28T05:48:58Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:48:58Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.170194","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH W.S. Gilbert\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH W.S. Gilbert","translated_text":"By W. S. Gilbert","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"W. S. Rendra","wikicode":"#ALIH [[W.S. Rendra]]","hash":"0c8b2631cf4e3fc85c98682df37f501cf5e903df212421b2c11dd82da90ab5a5","last_revision":"2014-04-28T05:49:19Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:49:19Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.245411","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH W.S. Rendra\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH W.S. Rendra","translated_text":"The W.S. Rendra","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Y. B. Mangunwijaya","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Y.B. Mangunwijaya]]","hash":"5060d0412d810b57b8c7a9137c2490fc992244eee2c7588ce0159a22bb90f6d0","last_revision":"2014-04-28T05:50:37Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:50:37Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.313757","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Y.B. Mangunwijaya\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Y.B. Mangunwijaya","translated_text":"When Y.B. Mangunwijaya","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Agama di Kamboja","wikicode":"{{Pie chart\n|thumb = right\n|caption = Agama di Kamboja ([[The World Factbook]] 2019)\n|label1 = [[Agama Buddha di Kamboja|Buddha]]\n|value1 = 97.1 \n|color1 = Gold\n|label2 = [[Islam di Kamboja|Islam]]\n|value2 = 2\n|color2 = Green\n|label3 = [[Kekristenan di Kamboja|Kekristenan]]\n|value3 = 0.3 \n|color3 = dodgerBlue\n|label4 = Lainnya\n|value4 = 0.5\n|color4 = Black\n}}\n[[Buddhisme]] adalah [[agama negara]] dari [[Kamboja]]. Sekitar 97% populasi Kamboja menganut [[Theravada|Buddha Theravada]], dengan Islam, Kristen, dan [[animisme]] kesukuan serta keyakinan [[Baha'i]] merupakan bagian terbesar dari sisanya yang kecil.{{Citation|title=Cambodia|date=2022-02-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/#people-and-society|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2022-02-13}}{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}} ''[[Wat]]'' (biara Buddhis) dan ''[[Sangha]]'' (kebhikkhuan), bersama dengan doktrin penting Buddha seperti reinkarnasi dan akumulasi jasa, berada di pusat kehidupan religius.\n\nMenurut [[The World Factbook]] pada tahun 2019, 97,1% populasi Kamboja adalah [[Buddha]], 2% [[Islam]], 0,3% [[Kristen|Kristen]] dan 0,5% lainnya.\n\nMenurut [[Pew Research Center]] pada tahun 2010, 96,9% penduduk Kamboja adalah [[Buddha]], 2,0% [[Islam]], 0,4% [[Kristen|Kristen]], dan 0,7% agama rakyat dan bukan keagamaan.{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}\n\n==Statistik provinsi==\n[[File:Buddhism in Cambodia.png|ka|jmpl|Penyebaran agama Buddha di Kamboja.]]\nAgama mayoritas di Kamboja adalah [[Buddha]] (97%), diikuti oleh [[Islam]] (2%), agama lain (0,8%), dan [[Kristen]] (0,2%). Kategori \"Lainnya\" terutama mengacu pada sistem keagamaan lokal [[Khmer Loeu|kelompok suku dataran tinggi]] dan beberapa kelompok agama minoritas dari negara lain. Distribusi penduduk menurut agama kurang lebih sama pada tahun 2008 dan 2019:{{cite web|title=General Population census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019|url=http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Statistics Ministry of planning|date=October 2020}}\n{|class=\"wikitable\"style=\"font-size:80%;\"\n!rowspan=2|[[Provinsi di Kamboja|Provinsi]]\n!colspan=4|2008\n!colspan=4|2019\n|-\n![[Buddha]]\n![[Islam]]\n![[Kekristenan]]\n!Lainnya\n!Buddha\n!Islam\n!Kekristenan\n!Lainnya\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]\n|99,2%\n|0,5%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|99,3%\n|0,4%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Battambang|Battambang]]\n|98,3%\n|1,3%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|98,3%\n|1,4%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]]\n|97,6%\n|2,3%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|97,6%\n|2,3%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]]\n|94,7%\n|4,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,7%\n|93,1%\n|5,8%\n|0,3%\n|0,9%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]]\n|99,7%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Thom|Kampong Thom]]\n|99,0%\n|0,6%\n|0,4%\n|0,0%\n|98,6%\n|1,0%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampot|Kampot]]\n|97,1%\n|2,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|96,9%\n|2,8%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kandal|Kandal]]\n|98,0%\n|1,2%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|98,3%\n|1,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Koh Kong|Koh Kong]]\n|95,2%\n|4,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|95,1%\n|4,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kratié|Kratié]]\n|94.0%\n|5,6%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|93,1%\n|6,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Mondulkiri|Mondulkiri]]\n|54,7%\n|5,5%\n|4,4%\n|35,5%\n|70,4%\n|4,4%\n|4,0%\n|21,2%\n|-\n|[[Phnom Penh]]\n|97,5%\n|1,5%\n|0,8%\n|0,1%\n|97,8%\n|1,6%\n|0,5%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]]\n|99,4%\n|0,3%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|99,1%\n|0,5%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Prey Veng|Prey Veng]]\n|99,5%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|99,5%\n|0,2%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Pursat|Pursat]]\n|97,4%\n|2,4%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|96,9%\n|3,0%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Ratanakiri|Ratanakiri]]\n|49,3%\n|1,3%\n|2,3%\n|47,2%\n|73,4%\n|1,3%\n|2,1%\n|23,2%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Siem Reap|Siem Reap]]\n|99,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|99,3%\n|0,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Preah Sihanouk|Preah Sihanouk]]\n|94,5%\n|4,7%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|96,2%\n|3,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Stung Treng|Stung Treng]]\n|96,1%\n|1,3%\n|0,4%\n|2,2%\n|93,6%\n|4,7%\n|0,4%\n|1,3%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]]\n|99,7%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Takéo|Takéo]]\n|99,1%\n|0,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,2%\n|0,6%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Oddar Meanchey|Oddar Meanchey]]\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|99,5%\n|0,2%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kep|Kep]]\n|98,7%\n|1,2%\n|0,0%\n|0,0%\n|97,5%\n|1,7%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Pailin|Pailin]]\n|99,1%\n|0,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|98,3%\n|1,0%\n|0,7%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Tboung Khmum|Tboung Khmum]]\n|88,9%\n|11.0%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|88,1%\n|11,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|'''Total'''\n|'''96,9%'''\n|'''1,9%'''\n|'''0,4%'''\n|'''0,8%'''\n|'''97,1%'''\n|'''2,0%'''\n|'''0,3%'''\n|'''0,5%'''\n|}\n\n==Buddha==\n{{utama|Agama Buddha di Kamboja}}\n[[File:Wat Botum.JPG|200px|ka|jmpl|[[Wat Botum]] di Phnom Penh.]]\nBuddha di Kamboja atau Buddhisme Khmer ([[Bahasa Khmer|Khmer]]: ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា) telah ada setidaknya sejak abad ke-3. Dalam bentuknya yang paling awal, ini adalah sejenis Buddhisme Mahāyāna. Buddhisme Theravada telah ada di Kamboja setidaknya sejak abad ke-5 Masehi, dengan beberapa sumber menyebutkan asal-usulnya sejak abad ke-3 SM. Buddhisme Theravada telah menjadi agama negara Kamboja sejak abad ke-13 M (periode [[Khmer Merah]]), dan saat ini diperkirakan menjadi agama 97,9% dari total populasi.{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/|title=CIA World Factbook - Cambodia|access-date=2007-04-10}}\n\nSejarah agama Buddha di Kamboja terbentang hampir dua ribu tahun, melintasi sejumlah kerajaan dan kekaisaran yang berurutan. Buddhisme masuk ke Kamboja melalui dua aliran yang berbeda. Dalam sejarah selanjutnya, aliran kedua agama Buddha memasuki budaya Khmer selama kekaisaran Angkor ketika Kamboja menyerap berbagai tradisi Buddha dari [[orang Mon|Mon]] kerajaan Dvaravati dan Haripunchai.\n\nSelama seribu tahun sejarah Khmer, Kamboja diperintah oleh serangkaian Mahayana dengan seorang raja Buddha Theravada sesekali, seperti Jayawarman I dari [[Kerajaan Funan|Funan]], dan Suryawarman I. Berbagai tradisi Buddhis hidup berdampingan di seluruh tanah Kamboja, di bawah raja-raja Buddha Mahayana dan kerajaan-kerajaan Mon-Theravada yang bertetangga. [[Angkor Wat]], sebuah kuil Budha di Siem Reap, merupakan kompleks candi terbesar di dunia.\n\n==Islam==\n{{utama|Islam di Kamboja}}\nPedagang Muslim di sepanjang jalur perdagangan utama antara [[Asia Barat]] hingga [[Āryāvarta]] bertanggung jawab atas masuknya Islam ke Kamboja sekitar abad ke-12 hingga ke-17 M.{{Cite web|title=Culture And Heritage - Medieval History - The Rise Of Islam In South Asia - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2017|access-date=2020-10-18|website=knowindia.gov.in}} Agama tersebut kemudian disebarkan lebih jauh oleh [[suku Cham]] dan akhirnya dikonsolidasikan dengan perluasan wilayah para penguasa yang berpindah keyakinan dan komunitas mereka. Cham memiliki masjid sendiri. Pada tahun 1962, ada sekitar 100 masjid di negara tersebut.\n\n== Kekristenan ==\n{{utama|Kekristenan di Kamboja}}\nMisi Kristen pertama yang diketahui di Kamboja dilakukan oleh [[Gaspar da Cruz]], seorang Portugis anggota [[Ordo Dominika]], pada tahun 1555-1556. Menurut pengakuannya sendiri, perusahaan itu gagal total; dia menemukan negara itu dijalankan oleh seorang raja \"[[Brahman|Bramene]]\" dan pejabat \"Bramene\", dan menemukan bahwa \"orang Bramen adalah orang yang paling sulit untuk pindah agama\". Dia merasa tidak ada yang berani pindah agama tanpa izin Raja, dan meninggalkan negara dengan kecewa, tidak \"membaptis lebih dari satu orang bukan Yahudi yang saya tinggalkan di kuburan\".{{citation|first1=Charles Ralph|last1=Boxer|first2=Galeote|last2=Pereira|first3=Gaspar da|last3=Cruz|first4= Martín de|last4=Rada|author-link=C. R. Boxer|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt Society|year=1953|title=South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. (and) Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550-1575)|series=Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ|pages=lix,59–63}}\n[[Berkas:Cathédrale St Joseph de Phnom Penh.jpg|ka|jmpl|200px|right|[[Katedral Katolik Roma di Phnom Penh|Katedral Phnom Penh]], dibangun pada masa kolonial Prancis.]]\n\nTerlepas dari penjajahan Prancis pada abad ke-19, agama Kristen tidak banyak berpengaruh di negara tersebut. Pada tahun 1972 mungkin ada sekitar 20.000 orang Kristen di Kamboja, kebanyakan adalah Katolik Roma. Sebelum pemulangan orang Vietnam pada tahun 1970 dan 1971, kemungkinan sebanyak 62.000 orang Kristen tinggal di Kamboja. Menurut statistik Vatikan, pada tahun 1953, anggota Gereja Katolik Roma di Kamboja berjumlah 120.000, menjadikannya agama terbesar kedua pada saat itu. Perkiraan menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50.000 umat Katolik adalah orang Vietnam.\n\nBanyak umat Katolik yang tersisa di Kamboja pada tahun 1972 adalah orang Eropa – kebanyakan orang Prancis; dan masih, di antara Katolik Kamboja adalah orang kulit putih dan Eurasia keturunan Prancis. Steinberg melaporkan, juga pada tahun 1953, bahwa misi Unitarian Amerika memelihara sekolah pelatihan guru di Phnom Penh, dan misi Baptis berfungsi di provinsi [[Battambang]] dan [[Siem Reap]].\n\nHingga akhir abad ke-19, tidak ada misi Protestan ke Kamboja.{{Cite book|last=Bliss|first=Edwin Munsell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdAAQAAMAAJ&q=church+cambodia|title=The Encyclopædia of Missions: Descriptive, Historical, Biographical, Statistical|date=1891|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls|language=en|page=230}} Sebuah misi [[Aliansi Kristen dan Misionaris]] didirikan di Kamboja pada tahun 1923; pada tahun 1962, misi tersebut telah mempertobatkan sekitar 2.000 orang.\n\nKegiatan misionaris Protestan Amerika meningkat di Kamboja, terutama di antara beberapa suku pegunungan dan di antara orang Cham, setelah berdirinya [[Republik Khmer]]. Sensus tahun 1962, yang melaporkan 2.000 orang Protestan di Kamboja, tetap menjadi statistik terbaru untuk kelompok tersebut. Pada tahun 1982, ahli geografi Prancis Jean Delvert melaporkan bahwa ada tiga desa Kristen di Kamboja, tetapi dia tidak memberikan indikasi ukuran, lokasi, atau jenisnya. Pengamat melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 1980 terdapat lebih banyak orang Kristen Khmer yang terdaftar di antara para pengungsi di kamp-kamp di Thailand daripada di seluruh Kamboja sebelum tahun 1970. Kiernan mencatat bahwa, hingga Juni 1980, lima kebaktian mingguan Protestan diadakan di Phnom Penh oleh seorang pendeta Khmer, tetapi bahwa mereka telah dikurangi menjadi layanan mingguan setelah pelecehan polisi. Perkiraannya menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1987 komunitas Kristen di Kamboja menyusut menjadi hanya beberapa ribu anggota.[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''\n\nBerbagai denominasi Protestan telah melaporkan pertumbuhan yang mencolok sejak tahun 1990-an, dan menurut beberapa perkiraan saat ini, orang Kristen merupakan 2-3% dari populasi Kamboja.[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] https://www.britannica.com/place/Cambodia/Religion. Accessed 5 November 2017.Operation World, Seventh Ed. Jason Mandryk, 2010\n\nAda sekitar 75.000 umat Katolik di Kamboja yang mewakili 0,5% dari total populasi.{{cite news|last=Ford|first=Peter|title=Cambodia, Catholicism, and Cauliflower|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/|access-date=10 April 2020|work=[[The Diplomat]]|publisher=Diplomat Media Inc.|date=14 Maret 2017|location=[[Distrik Kien Svay]], Kamboja}} Tidak ada keuskupan, tetapi ada tiga yurisdiksi teritorial - satu [[Vikariat Apostolik]] dan dua [[Prefektur Apostolik]]. [[Presiden Gereja (Gereja LDS)|Presiden Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-Orang Suci Zaman Akhir]], [[Gordon B. Hinckley]], secara resmi memperkenalkan pekerjaan misionaris ke Kamboja pada tanggal 29 Mei 1996.Leland D. and Joyce B. White, [www.lds.org/liahona/1997/10/the-gospel-takes-hold-in-cambodia \"The Gospel Takes Hold in Cambodia\"], ''[[Liahona (majalah)|Liahona]]'', October 1997, p. 41. Gereja sekarang memiliki 31 jemaat (27 bahasa Khmer dan tiga bahasa Vietnam, dan satu internasional). [[Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa]] hadir di Kamboja sejak tahun 1990 dan membuka [[Balai Kerajaan]] ketiga mereka pada tahun 2015.Naomi-Collett Ritz, [https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/ “Jehovah’s Witnesses Open Kingdom Hall Near Angkor Wat,”] ''Khmer Times'', March 3, 2015.\n\n==Iman Baháʼí== \n[[File:Bahá'í House of Worship, Battambang.jpg|ka|jmpl|200px|right|Rumah Ibadah [[Baháʼí Faith|Bahá'í]] di [[Provinsi Battambang|Battambang]].]]\nPengenalan [[Keyakinan Baháʼí]] di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah [['Abdu'l-Bahá]].{{cite web | title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, apôtre d'Abdu'l-Bahá | trans-title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá | url= http://www.bahai-biblio.org/centre-doc/ouvrage/dreyfus/dreyfus_06.htm | date=2000 | publisher = National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of France | access-date = 2012-09-24 }} Setelah kunjungan sporadis dari guru keliling sepanjang paruh pertama abad ke-20, kelompok Baháʼí pertama di Kamboja didirikan di kota itu pada tahun 1956.{{cite book|title=Messages of Shoghi Effendi to the Indian Subcontinent: 1923-1957|page=403|url=http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_messages_indian_subcontinent|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust of India|year=1995}}{{cite journal|title=Teaching and Assembly Development Conference for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand|journal=Baháʼí News Letter|publisher=National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India, Pakistan & Burma|issue=85|date=1956}} Pada tahun 1963, Baháʼí diketahui tinggal di Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap dan Sihanoukville, dengan [[Majelis Spiritual]] yang berfungsi hadir di Phnom Penh.{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63|title=Bahá'í Faith, the: 1844-1963}}\n\nSelama pemerintahan [[Khmer Merah]] pada akhir 1970-an, suku Baháʼí di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar.{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/hassall_religious_freedom_asia-pacific|title=Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific}} Banyak dari mereka bergabung dengan banjir pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia setelah jatuhnya Khmer Merah, bermukim kembali di tempat-tempat seperti Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, di mana upaya khusus dilakukan untuk menghubungi mereka dan memasukkan mereka ke dalam kehidupan komunitas Baháʼí setempat.http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18. p.131 Baháʼí di Thailand dan negara-negara lain menjangkau para pengungsi Kamboja yang tinggal di kamp-kamp di perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja; hal ini pada akhirnya menyebabkan tumbuhnya komunitas Baháʼí di sana, termasuk pendirian Sidang Rohani.http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18 p.96The Universal House of Justice. ''Century of Light.'' p.104. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/COL/col-11.html\n\nKomunitas Baháʼí baru-baru ini mengalami pertumbuhan kembali, terutama di kota [[Battambang]]. Kota ini menjadi tuan rumah salah satu dari 41 konferensi regional Baháʼí di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2009, yang menarik lebih dari 2.000 peserta.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/battambang.html|title = The Battambang Regional Conference - Bahá'í World News Service}} Dua konferensi pemuda regional terjadi di Kamboja pada tahun 2013, termasuk satu di Battambang dan satu lagi di Kampong Thom.''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/battambang.html Battambang Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/kampongthom.html Kampong Thom Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.\n\nPada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan [[Rumah Ibadah Baháʼí]] lokal di Battambang.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/906|title = Plans to build new Houses of Worship announced | BWNS|date = 22 April 2012}} Desainnya diresmikan pada Juli 2015,{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1062/|title=Dawn unveiling for Cambodian temple design | BWNS|date=18 July 2015}} dengan peletakan batu pertama berikut pada bulan November.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1082/|title=First groundbreaking for a local House of Worship | BWNS|date=15 November 2015}} Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í pertama yang melayani satu wilayah — didedikasikan dalam sebuah upacara pada bulan September 2017, dihadiri oleh 2.500 orang.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1190/|title=\"A new dawn is breaking\": House of Worship inaugurated in Cambodia | BWNS|date=September 2017}}\n\nMenurut perkiraan tahun 2010, Kamboja adalah rumah bagi sekitar 16.700 orang Baháʼí.{{cite web |title=QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp |access-date=2020-10-14}}\n\n== Aliran kepercayaan ==\nKelompok suku dataran tinggi, kebanyakan dengan sistem agama lokal mereka sendiri. Bisa dibilang ini adalah orang-orang beragama paling awal di Kamboja. Agama Hindu datang ke Kamboja terutama pada masa pemerintahan raja Chola pada abad ke-10. Bahkan sebelum itu, agama Buddha telah sampai di Kamboja. Sekarang agama suku hanya mencakup sekitar 150.000 orang.1996 estimate [[Khmer Loeu]] secara longgar digambarkan sebagai [[Animisme|animis]], tetapi sebagian besar kelompok etnis pribumi memiliki jajaran roh lokal mereka sendiri. Secara umum mereka melihat dunia mereka dipenuhi dengan berbagai roh tak terlihat (sering disebut ''yang''), beberapa baik hati, yang lain jahat. Mereka mengasosiasikan roh dengan beras, tanah, air, api, batu, jalan, dan sebagainya. [[Dukun]], dukun atau spesialis di setiap desa menghubungi roh-roh ini dan menentukan cara untuk menenangkan mereka.\n\nPada saat krisis atau perubahan, pengorbanan hewan dapat dilakukan untuk menenangkan kemarahan roh. Penyakit sering diyakini disebabkan oleh roh jahat atau dukun. Beberapa suku memiliki dukun atau tabib khusus yang merawat orang sakit. Selain kepercayaan pada roh, penduduk desa percaya pada [[tabu]] pada banyak objek atau praktik. Di antara suku Khmer Loeu, kelompok Austronesia ([[orang Rhade|Rhade]] dan [[orang Jarai|Jarai]]) memiliki hierarki roh yang berkembang dengan baik dengan pemimpin tertinggi sebagai pemimpinnya.\n\n==Yudaisme==\n{{utama|Sejarah Yahudi di Kamboja}}\nAda komunitas kecil [[Yahudi|Yahudi]] di Kamboja yang terdiri lebih dari 100 orang. Sejak 2009, telah ada [[rumah Chabad]] di Phnom Penh.{{cite web|url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/2578-festival-of-light-shines-in-phnom-penh|title=Festival of light shines in Phnom Penh|date=December 14, 2012|access-date=December 25, 2012|last=Ellen|first=Rosa|work=[[The Phnom Penh Post]]}}\n\n==Referensi==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Topik Asia}}\n\n[[Kategori:Agama di Kamboja| ]]\n[[Kategori:Budaya Kamboja]]\n[[Kategori:Agama di Asia Tenggara menurut negara|Kamboja]]","hash":"f51836080ffca76bac5bdac503567a5e85fd58ece30bf5b6a1edde1842e5828e","last_revision":"2023-05-30T14:06:22Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T05:54:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.384374","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"الدين في كمبوديا","bn":"কম্বোডিয়ায় ধর্ম","en":"Religion in Cambodia","es":"Religión en Camboya","fr":"Religion au Cambodge","hi":"कंबोडिया में धर्म","it":"Religioni in Cambogia","ka":"რელიგია კამბოჯაში","km":"សាសនានៅប្រទេសកម្ពុជា","mr":"कंबोडियामधील धर्म","ru":"Религия в Камбодже","sq":"Feja në Kamboxhia","th":"ศาสนาในประเทศกัมพูชา","vi":"Tôn giáo tại Campuchia","zh":"柬埔寨宗教"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"Buddhisme adalah agama negara dari Kamboja. Sekitar 97% populasi Kamboja menganut Buddha Theravada, dengan Islam, Kristen, dan animisme kesukuan serta keyakinan Baha'i merupakan bagian terbesar dari sisanya yang kecil. Wat (biara Buddhis) dan Sangha (kebhikkhuan), bersama dengan doktrin penting Buddha seperti reinkarnasi dan akumulasi jasa, berada di pusat kehidupan religius.\n\nMenurut The World Factbook pada tahun 2019, 97,1% populasi Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2% Islam, 0,3% Kristen dan 0,5% lainnya.\n\nMenurut Pew Research Center pada tahun 2010, 96,9% penduduk Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2,0% Islam, 0,4% Kristen, dan 0,7% agama rakyat dan bukan keagamaan.\n\nAgama mayoritas di Kamboja adalah Buddha (97%), diikuti oleh Islam (2%), agama lain (0,8%), dan Kristen (0,2%). Kategori \"Lainnya\" terutama mengacu pada sistem keagamaan lokal kelompok suku dataran tinggi dan beberapa kelompok agama minoritas dari negara lain. Distribusi penduduk menurut agama kurang lebih sama pada tahun 2008 dan 2019:\n\nBuddha di Kamboja atau Buddhisme Khmer (Khmer: ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា) telah ada setidaknya sejak abad ke-3. Dalam bentuknya yang paling awal, ini adalah sejenis Buddhisme Mahāyāna. Buddhisme Theravada telah ada di Kamboja setidaknya sejak abad ke-5 Masehi, dengan beberapa sumber menyebutkan asal-usulnya sejak abad ke-3 SM. Buddhisme Theravada telah menjadi agama negara Kamboja sejak abad ke-13 M (periode Khmer Merah), dan saat ini diperkirakan menjadi agama 97,9% dari total populasi.\n\nSejarah agama Buddha di Kamboja terbentang hampir dua ribu tahun, melintasi sejumlah kerajaan dan kekaisaran yang berurutan. Buddhisme masuk ke Kamboja melalui dua aliran yang berbeda. Dalam sejarah selanjutnya, aliran kedua agama Buddha memasuki budaya Khmer selama kekaisaran Angkor ketika Kamboja menyerap berbagai tradisi Buddha dari Mon kerajaan Dvaravati dan Haripunchai.\n\nSelama seribu tahun sejarah Khmer, Kamboja diperintah oleh serangkaian Mahayana dengan seorang raja Buddha Theravada sesekali, seperti Jayawarman I dari Funan, dan Suryawarman I. Berbagai tradisi Buddhis hidup berdampingan di seluruh tanah Kamboja, di bawah raja-raja Buddha Mahayana dan kerajaan-kerajaan Mon-Theravada yang bertetangga. Angkor Wat, sebuah kuil Budha di Siem Reap, merupakan kompleks candi terbesar di dunia.\n\nPedagang Muslim di sepanjang jalur perdagangan utama antara Asia Barat hingga Āryāvarta bertanggung jawab atas masuknya Islam ke Kamboja sekitar abad ke-12 hingga ke-17 M. Agama tersebut kemudian disebarkan lebih jauh oleh suku Cham dan akhirnya dikonsolidasikan dengan perluasan wilayah para penguasa yang berpindah keyakinan dan komunitas mereka. Cham memiliki masjid sendiri. Pada tahun 1962, ada sekitar 100 masjid di negara tersebut.\n\nMisi Kristen pertama yang diketahui di Kamboja dilakukan oleh Gaspar da Cruz, seorang Portugis anggota Ordo Dominika, pada tahun 1555-1556. Menurut pengakuannya sendiri, perusahaan itu gagal total; dia menemukan negara itu dijalankan oleh seorang raja \"Bramene\" dan pejabat \"Bramene\", dan menemukan bahwa \"orang Bramen adalah orang yang paling sulit untuk pindah agama\". Dia merasa tidak ada yang berani pindah agama tanpa izin Raja, dan meninggalkan negara dengan kecewa, tidak \"membaptis lebih dari satu orang bukan Yahudi yang saya tinggalkan di kuburan\".\n\nTerlepas dari penjajahan Prancis pada abad ke-19, agama Kristen tidak banyak berpengaruh di negara tersebut. Pada tahun 1972 mungkin ada sekitar 20.000 orang Kristen di Kamboja, kebanyakan adalah Katolik Roma. Sebelum pemulangan orang Vietnam pada tahun 1970 dan 1971, kemungkinan sebanyak 62.000 orang Kristen tinggal di Kamboja. Menurut statistik Vatikan, pada tahun 1953, anggota Gereja Katolik Roma di Kamboja berjumlah 120.000, menjadikannya agama terbesar kedua pada saat itu. Perkiraan menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50.000 umat Katolik adalah orang Vietnam.\n\nBanyak umat Katolik yang tersisa di Kamboja pada tahun 1972 adalah orang Eropa – kebanyakan orang Prancis; dan masih, di antara Katolik Kamboja adalah orang kulit putih dan Eurasia keturunan Prancis. Steinberg melaporkan, juga pada tahun 1953, bahwa misi Unitarian Amerika memelihara sekolah pelatihan guru di Phnom Penh, dan misi Baptis berfungsi di provinsi Battambang dan Siem Reap.\n\nHingga akhir abad ke-19, tidak ada misi Protestan ke Kamboja. Sebuah misi Aliansi Kristen dan Misionaris didirikan di Kamboja pada tahun 1923; pada tahun 1962, misi tersebut telah mempertobatkan sekitar 2.000 orang.\n\nKegiatan misionaris Protestan Amerika meningkat di Kamboja, terutama di antara beberapa suku pegunungan dan di antara orang Cham, setelah berdirinya Republik Khmer. Sensus tahun 1962, yang melaporkan 2.000 orang Protestan di Kamboja, tetap menjadi statistik terbaru untuk kelompok tersebut. Pada tahun 1982, ahli geografi Prancis Jean Delvert melaporkan bahwa ada tiga desa Kristen di Kamboja, tetapi dia tidak memberikan indikasi ukuran, lokasi, atau jenisnya. Pengamat melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 1980 terdapat lebih banyak orang Kristen Khmer yang terdaftar di antara para pengungsi di kamp-kamp di Thailand daripada di seluruh Kamboja sebelum tahun 1970. Kiernan mencatat bahwa, hingga Juni 1980, lima kebaktian mingguan Protestan diadakan di Phnom Penh oleh seorang pendeta Khmer, tetapi bahwa mereka telah dikurangi menjadi layanan mingguan setelah pelecehan polisi. Perkiraannya menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1987 komunitas Kristen di Kamboja menyusut menjadi hanya beberapa ribu anggota.\n\nBerbagai denominasi Protestan telah melaporkan pertumbuhan yang mencolok sejak tahun 1990-an, dan menurut beberapa perkiraan saat ini, orang Kristen merupakan 2-3% dari populasi Kamboja.\n\nAda sekitar 75.000 umat Katolik di Kamboja yang mewakili 0,5% dari total populasi. Tidak ada keuskupan, tetapi ada tiga yurisdiksi teritorial - satu Vikariat Apostolik dan dua Prefektur Apostolik. Presiden Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-Orang Suci Zaman Akhir, Gordon B. Hinckley, secara resmi memperkenalkan pekerjaan misionaris ke Kamboja pada tanggal 29 Mei 1996. Gereja sekarang memiliki 31 jemaat (27 bahasa Khmer dan tiga bahasa Vietnam, dan satu internasional). Saksi-Saksi Yehuwa hadir di Kamboja sejak tahun 1990 dan membuka Balai Kerajaan ketiga mereka pada tahun 2015.\n\nPengenalan Keyakinan Bahá'í di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Setelah kunjungan sporadis dari guru keliling sepanjang paruh pertama abad ke-20, kelompok Bahá'í pertama di Kamboja didirikan di kota itu pada tahun 1956. Pada tahun 1963, Bahá'í diketahui tinggal di Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap dan Sihanoukville, dengan Majelis Spiritual yang berfungsi hadir di Phnom Penh.\n\nSelama pemerintahan Khmer Merah pada akhir 1970-an, suku Bahá'í di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar. Banyak dari mereka bergabung dengan banjir pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia setelah jatuhnya Khmer Merah, bermukim kembali di tempat-tempat seperti Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, di mana upaya khusus dilakukan untuk menghubungi mereka dan memasukkan mereka ke dalam kehidupan komunitas Bahá'í setempat. Bahá'í di Thailand dan negara-negara lain menjangkau para pengungsi Kamboja yang tinggal di kamp-kamp di perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja; hal ini pada akhirnya menyebabkan tumbuhnya komunitas Bahá'í di sana, termasuk pendirian Sidang Rohani.\n\nKomunitas Bahá'í baru-baru ini mengalami pertumbuhan kembali, terutama di kota Battambang. Kota ini menjadi tuan rumah salah satu dari 41 konferensi regional Bahá'í di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2009, yang menarik lebih dari 2.000 peserta. Dua konferensi pemuda regional terjadi di Kamboja pada tahun 2013, termasuk satu di Battambang dan satu lagi di Kampong Thom.\n\nPada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í lokal di Battambang. Desainnya diresmikan pada Juli 2015, dengan peletakan batu pertama berikut pada bulan November. Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í pertama yang melayani satu wilayah — didedikasikan dalam sebuah upacara pada bulan September 2017, dihadiri oleh 2.500 orang.\n\nMenurut perkiraan tahun 2010, Kamboja adalah rumah bagi sekitar 16.700 orang Bahá'í.\n\nKelompok suku dataran tinggi, kebanyakan dengan sistem agama lokal mereka sendiri. Bisa dibilang ini adalah orang-orang beragama paling awal di Kamboja. Agama Hindu datang ke Kamboja terutama pada masa pemerintahan raja Chola pada abad ke-10. Bahkan sebelum itu, agama Buddha telah sampai di Kamboja. Sekarang agama suku hanya mencakup sekitar 150.000 orang. Khmer Loeu secara longgar digambarkan sebagai animis, tetapi sebagian besar kelompok etnis pribumi memiliki jajaran roh lokal mereka sendiri. Secara umum mereka melihat dunia mereka dipenuhi dengan berbagai roh tak terlihat (sering disebut yang), beberapa baik hati, yang lain jahat. Mereka mengasosiasikan roh dengan beras, tanah, air, api, batu, jalan, dan sebagainya. Dukun, dukun atau spesialis di setiap desa menghubungi roh-roh ini dan menentukan cara untuk menenangkan mereka.\n\nPada saat krisis atau perubahan, pengorbanan hewan dapat dilakukan untuk menenangkan kemarahan roh. Penyakit sering diyakini disebabkan oleh roh jahat atau dukun. Beberapa suku memiliki dukun atau tabib khusus yang merawat orang sakit. Selain kepercayaan pada roh, penduduk desa percaya pada tabu pada banyak objek atau praktik. Di antara suku Khmer Loeu, kelompok Austronesia (Rhade dan Jarai) memiliki hierarki roh yang berkembang dengan baik dengan pemimpin tertinggi sebagai pemimpinnya.\n\nAda komunitas kecil Yahudi di Kamboja yang terdiri lebih dari 100 orang. Sejak 2009, telah ada rumah Chabad di Phnom Penh.\n\nKategori:Agama di Kamboja Kategori:Budaya Kamboja Kamboja\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Buddhisme adalah agama negara dari Kamboja.","translated_text":"Buddhism is the state religion of Cambodia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekitar 97% populasi Kamboja menganut Buddha Theravada, dengan Islam, Kristen, dan animisme kesukuan serta keyakinan Baha'i merupakan bagian terbesar dari sisanya yang kecil.","translated_text":"About 97% of the Cambodian population adheres to Theravada Buddhism, with Islam, Christianity, and tribal animism as well as the Baha'i faith constituting the largest portion of the remaining minority.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Citation|title=Cambodia|date=2022-02-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/#people-and-society|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2022-02-13}}","char_index":174,"name":":0","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":415952,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.152058-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":174,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.777950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Wat (biara Buddhis) dan Sangha (kebhikkhuan), bersama dengan doktrin penting Buddha seperti reinkarnasi dan akumulasi jasa, berada di pusat kehidupan religius.","translated_text":"Wat (Buddhist monastery) and Sangha (kebhikkhuan), along with important Buddhist doctrines such as reincarnation and the accumulation of services, are central to religious life.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut The World Factbook pada tahun 2019, 97,1% populasi Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2% Islam, 0,3% Kristen dan 0,5% lainnya.","translated_text":"According to The World Factbook in 2019, 97.1% of Cambodia's population is Buddhist, 2% Muslim, 0.3% Christian and another 0.5%.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Citation|title=Cambodia|date=2022-02-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/#people-and-society|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2022-02-13}}","char_index":122,"name":":0","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut Pew Research Center pada tahun 2010, 96,9% penduduk Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2,0% Islam, 0,4% Kristen, dan 0,7% agama rakyat dan bukan keagamaan.","translated_text":"According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, 96.9% of Cambodia's population was Buddhist, 2.0% Muslim, 0.4% Christian, and 0.7% folk and non-religious.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":415952,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.152058-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.777950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Statistik provinsi","translated_text":"Provincial statistics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Agama mayoritas di Kamboja adalah Buddha (97%), diikuti oleh Islam (2%), agama lain (0,8%), dan Kristen (0,2%).","translated_text":"The majority religion in Cambodia is Buddhism (97%), followed by Islam (2%), other religions (0.8%), and Christianity (0.2%).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kategori \"Lainnya\" terutama mengacu pada sistem keagamaan lokal kelompok suku dataran tinggi dan beberapa kelompok agama minoritas dari negara lain.","translated_text":"The category \"Other\" mainly refers to the local religious systems of the highland tribal groups and some minority religious groups of other countries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Distribusi penduduk menurut agama kurang lebih sama pada tahun 2008 dan 2019:","translated_text":"The population distribution by religion was roughly the same in 2008 and 2019:","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=General Population census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019|url=http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Statistics Ministry of planning|date=October 2020}}","char_index":77,"name":null,"url":"http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":199,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.847611-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{|class=\"wikitable\"style=\"font-size:80%;\"\n!rowspan=2|[[Provinsi di Kamboja|Provinsi]]\n!colspan=4|2008\n!colspan=4|2019\n|-\n![[Buddha]]\n![[Islam]]\n![[Kekristenan]]\n!Lainnya\n!Buddha\n!Islam\n!Kekristenan\n!Lainnya\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]]\n|99,2%\n|0,5%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|99,3%\n|0,4%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Battambang|Battambang]]\n|98,3%\n|1,3%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|98,3%\n|1,4%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]]\n|97,6%\n|2,3%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|97,6%\n|2,3%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]]\n|94,7%\n|4,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,7%\n|93,1%\n|5,8%\n|0,3%\n|0,9%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]]\n|99,7%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampong Thom|Kampong Thom]]\n|99,0%\n|0,6%\n|0,4%\n|0,0%\n|98,6%\n|1,0%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kampot|Kampot]]\n|97,1%\n|2,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|96,9%\n|2,8%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kandal|Kandal]]\n|98,0%\n|1,2%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|98,3%\n|1,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Koh Kong|Koh Kong]]\n|95,2%\n|4,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|95,1%\n|4,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kratié|Kratié]]\n|94.0%\n|5,6%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|93,1%\n|6,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Mondulkiri|Mondulkiri]]\n|54,7%\n|5,5%\n|4,4%\n|35,5%\n|70,4%\n|4,4%\n|4,0%\n|21,2%\n|-\n|[[Phnom Penh]]\n|97,5%\n|1,5%\n|0,8%\n|0,1%\n|97,8%\n|1,6%\n|0,5%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]]\n|99,4%\n|0,3%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|99,1%\n|0,5%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Prey Veng|Prey Veng]]\n|99,5%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|99,5%\n|0,2%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Pursat|Pursat]]\n|97,4%\n|2,4%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|96,9%\n|3,0%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Ratanakiri|Ratanakiri]]\n|49,3%\n|1,3%\n|2,3%\n|47,2%\n|73,4%\n|1,3%\n|2,1%\n|23,2%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Siem Reap|Siem Reap]]\n|99,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|99,3%\n|0,2%\n|0,4%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Preah Sihanouk|Preah Sihanouk]]\n|94,5%\n|4,7%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|96,2%\n|3,6%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Stung Treng|Stung Treng]]\n|96,1%\n|1,3%\n|0,4%\n|2,2%\n|93,6%\n|4,7%\n|0,4%\n|1,3%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]]\n|99,7%\n|0,1%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Takéo|Takéo]]\n|99,1%\n|0,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|99,2%\n|0,6%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Oddar Meanchey|Oddar Meanchey]]\n|99,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|99,5%\n|0,2%\n|0,3%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Kep|Kep]]\n|98,7%\n|1,2%\n|0,0%\n|0,0%\n|97,5%\n|1,7%\n|0,7%\n|0,1%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Pailin|Pailin]]\n|99,1%\n|0,7%\n|0,2%\n|0,0%\n|98,3%\n|1,0%\n|0,7%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|[[Provinsi Tboung Khmum|Tboung Khmum]]\n|88,9%\n|11.0%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|88,1%\n|11,8%\n|0,1%\n|0,0%\n|-\n|'''Total'''\n|'''96,9%'''\n|'''1,9%'''\n|'''0,4%'''\n|'''0,8%'''\n|'''97,1%'''\n|'''2,0%'''\n|'''0,3%'''\n|'''0,5%'''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Buddha","translated_text":"The Buddha","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Buddha di Kamboja atau Buddhisme Khmer (Khmer: ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា) telah ada setidaknya sejak abad ke-3.","translated_text":"Buddhism in Cambodia or Khmer Buddhism (Khmer: ព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនានៅកម្ពុជា) has existed since at least the 3rd century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam bentuknya yang paling awal, ini adalah sejenis Buddhisme Mahāyāna.","translated_text":"In its earliest form, it was a form of Mahāyāna Buddhism.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buddhisme Theravada telah ada di Kamboja setidaknya sejak abad ke-5 Masehi, dengan beberapa sumber menyebutkan asal-usulnya sejak abad ke-3 SM.","translated_text":"Theravada Buddhism has existed in Cambodia since at least the 5th century AD, with some sources mentioning its origins as early as the 3rd century BC.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buddhisme Theravada telah menjadi agama negara Kamboja sejak abad ke-13 M (periode Khmer Merah), dan saat ini diperkirakan menjadi agama 97,9% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"Theravada Buddhism has been the state religion of Cambodia since the 13th century AD (the Khmer Rouge period), and is currently estimated to be the religion of 97.9% of the total population.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/|title=CIA World Factbook - Cambodia|access-date=2007-04-10}}","char_index":163,"name":"ciafact","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sejarah agama Buddha di Kamboja terbentang hampir dua ribu tahun, melintasi sejumlah kerajaan dan kekaisaran yang berurutan.","translated_text":"The history of Buddhism in Cambodia spans nearly two thousand years, spanning a number of successive kingdoms and empires.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buddhisme masuk ke Kamboja melalui dua aliran yang berbeda.","translated_text":"Buddhism entered Cambodia through two distinct branches.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam sejarah selanjutnya, aliran kedua agama Buddha memasuki budaya Khmer selama kekaisaran Angkor ketika Kamboja menyerap berbagai tradisi Buddha dari Mon kerajaan Dvaravati dan Haripunchai.","translated_text":"In later history, the second wave of Buddhism entered the Khmer culture during the Angkor empire when Cambodia absorbed various Buddhist traditions from the Mon kingdom of Dvaravati and Haripunchai.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selama seribu tahun sejarah Khmer, Kamboja diperintah oleh serangkaian Mahayana dengan seorang raja Buddha Theravada sesekali, seperti Jayawarman I dari Funan, dan Suryawarman I. Berbagai tradisi Buddhis hidup berdampingan di seluruh tanah Kamboja, di bawah raja-raja Buddha Mahayana dan kerajaan-kerajaan Mon-Theravada yang bertetangga.","translated_text":"During the thousand years of Khmer history, Cambodia was ruled by a series of Mahayana with an occasional Theravada Buddhist king, such as Jayawarman I of Funan, and Suryawarman I. Various Buddhist traditions lived side by side throughout the land of Cambodia, under the Mahayana Buddhist kings and neighboring Mon-Theravada kingdoms.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Angkor Wat, sebuah kuil Budha di Siem Reap, merupakan kompleks candi terbesar di dunia.","translated_text":"Angkor Wat, a Buddhist temple in Siem Reap, is the largest temple complex in the world.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Islam","translated_text":"Islam","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pedagang Muslim di sepanjang jalur perdagangan utama antara Asia Barat hingga Āryāvarta bertanggung jawab atas masuknya Islam ke Kamboja sekitar abad ke-12 hingga ke-17 M. Agama tersebut kemudian disebarkan lebih jauh oleh suku Cham dan akhirnya dikonsolidasikan dengan perluasan wilayah para penguasa yang berpindah keyakinan dan komunitas mereka.","translated_text":"Muslim traders along the main trade route between Western Asia to Āryāvarta were responsible for the introduction of Islam into Cambodia around the 12th to 17th centuries A.D. The religion was later spread further by the Cham and eventually consolidated with the expansion of the territories of rulers who shifted their beliefs and communities.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Culture And Heritage - Medieval History - The Rise Of Islam In South Asia - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2017|access-date=2020-10-18|website=knowindia.gov.in}}","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":23037,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:00.587234-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Culture And Heritage - Medieval History - The Rise Of Islam In South Asia - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2017|access-date=2020-10-18|website=knowindia.gov.in}}","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:08.976149-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cham memiliki masjid sendiri.","translated_text":"Cham has its own mosque.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1962, ada sekitar 100 masjid di negara tersebut.","translated_text":"In 1962, there were about 100 mosques in the country.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kekristenan","translated_text":"The Christian Faith","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Misi Kristen pertama yang diketahui di Kamboja dilakukan oleh Gaspar da Cruz, seorang Portugis anggota Ordo Dominika, pada tahun 1555-1556.","translated_text":"The first known Christian mission in Cambodia was carried out by Gaspar da Cruz, a Portuguese member of the Dominican Order, in 1555-1556.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut pengakuannya sendiri, perusahaan itu gagal total; dia menemukan negara itu dijalankan oleh seorang raja \"Bramene\" dan pejabat \"Bramene\", dan menemukan bahwa \"orang Bramen adalah orang yang paling sulit untuk pindah agama\".","translated_text":"According to his own admission, the company was a total failure; he found that the country was run by a king \"Bramene\" and an official \"Bramene\", and found that \"the Bramen were the most difficult people to convert to\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dia merasa tidak ada yang berani pindah agama tanpa izin Raja, dan meninggalkan negara dengan kecewa, tidak \"membaptis lebih dari satu orang bukan Yahudi yang saya tinggalkan di kuburan\".","translated_text":"He felt that no one dared convert without the King's permission, and left the country disappointed, not \"baptising more than one Gentile whom I left in the tomb\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{citation|first1=Charles Ralph|last1=Boxer|first2=Galeote|last2=Pereira|first3=Gaspar da|last3=Cruz|first4= Martín de|last4=Rada|author-link=C. R. Boxer|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt Society|year=1953|title=South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. (and) Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550-1575)|series=Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ|pages=lix,59–63}}","char_index":187,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":44457,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.046207-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.5}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terlepas dari penjajahan Prancis pada abad ke-19, agama Kristen tidak banyak berpengaruh di negara tersebut.","translated_text":"Despite the French colonization in the 19th century, Christianity had little influence in the country.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1972 mungkin ada sekitar 20.000 orang Kristen di Kamboja, kebanyakan adalah Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"In 1972 there may have been as many as 20,000 Christians in Cambodia, mostly Roman Catholics.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum pemulangan orang Vietnam pada tahun 1970 dan 1971, kemungkinan sebanyak 62.000 orang Kristen tinggal di Kamboja.","translated_text":"Before the return of the Vietnamese in 1970 and 1971, it is likely that as many as 62,000 Christians lived in Cambodia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut statistik Vatikan, pada tahun 1953, anggota Gereja Katolik Roma di Kamboja berjumlah 120.000, menjadikannya agama terbesar kedua pada saat itu.","translated_text":"According to Vatican statistics, in 1953 the Roman Catholic Church in Cambodia numbered 120,000, making it the second largest religion at that time.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perkiraan menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 50.000 umat Katolik adalah orang Vietnam.","translated_text":"An estimated 50,000 Catholics are Vietnamese.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Banyak umat Katolik yang tersisa di Kamboja pada tahun 1972 adalah orang Eropa – kebanyakan orang Prancis; dan masih, di antara Katolik Kamboja adalah orang kulit putih dan Eurasia keturunan Prancis.","translated_text":"Many Catholics left in Cambodia in 1972 were Europeans ⁇ mostly French; and still, among Cambodian Catholics are whites and Eurasians of French descent.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Steinberg melaporkan, juga pada tahun 1953, bahwa misi Unitarian Amerika memelihara sekolah pelatihan guru di Phnom Penh, dan misi Baptis berfungsi di provinsi Battambang dan Siem Reap.","translated_text":"Steinberg reported, also in 1953, that an American Unitarian mission maintained a teacher training school in Phnom Penh, and a Baptist mission functioned in Battambang and Siem Reap provinces.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Hingga akhir abad ke-19, tidak ada misi Protestan ke Kamboja.","translated_text":"Until the late 19th century, there were no Protestant missions to Cambodia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite book|last=Bliss|first=Edwin Munsell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdAAQAAMAAJ&q=church+cambodia|title=The Encyclopædia of Missions: Descriptive, Historical, Biographical, Statistical|date=1891|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls|language=en|page=230}}","char_index":61,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdAAQAAMAAJ&q=church+cambodia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":64109,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.207963-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (100 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebuah misi Aliansi Kristen dan Misionaris didirikan di Kamboja pada tahun 1923; pada tahun 1962, misi tersebut telah mempertobatkan sekitar 2.000 orang.","translated_text":"A Christian and Missionary Alliance mission was established in Cambodia in 1923; by 1962, the mission had converted some 2,000 people.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kegiatan misionaris Protestan Amerika meningkat di Kamboja, terutama di antara beberapa suku pegunungan dan di antara orang Cham, setelah berdirinya Republik Khmer.","translated_text":"American Protestant missionary activity increased in Cambodia, especially among some mountain tribes and among the Cham, after the establishment of the Khmer Republic.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sensus tahun 1962, yang melaporkan 2.000 orang Protestan di Kamboja, tetap menjadi statistik terbaru untuk kelompok tersebut.","translated_text":"The 1962 census, which reported 2,000 Protestants in Cambodia, remains the latest statistic for the group.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1982, ahli geografi Prancis Jean Delvert melaporkan bahwa ada tiga desa Kristen di Kamboja, tetapi dia tidak memberikan indikasi ukuran, lokasi, atau jenisnya.","translated_text":"In 1982, French geographer Jean Delvert reported that there were three Christian villages in Cambodia, but he gave no indication of their size, location, or type.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pengamat melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 1980 terdapat lebih banyak orang Kristen Khmer yang terdaftar di antara para pengungsi di kamp-kamp di Thailand daripada di seluruh Kamboja sebelum tahun 1970.","translated_text":"Observers reported that in 1980 there were more Khmer Christians registered among the refugees in camps in Thailand than in all of Cambodia before 1970.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kiernan mencatat bahwa, hingga Juni 1980, lima kebaktian mingguan Protestan diadakan di Phnom Penh oleh seorang pendeta Khmer, tetapi bahwa mereka telah dikurangi menjadi layanan mingguan setelah pelecehan polisi.","translated_text":"Kiernan notes that, until June 1980, five weekly Protestant meetings were held in Phnom Penh by a Khmer clergyman, but that they had been reduced to weekly services after police harassment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perkiraannya menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1987 komunitas Kristen di Kamboja menyusut menjadi hanya beberapa ribu anggota.","translated_text":"His estimates show that by 1987 the Christian community in Cambodia shrank to just a few thousand members.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":121,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berbagai denominasi Protestan telah melaporkan pertumbuhan yang mencolok sejak tahun 1990-an, dan menurut beberapa perkiraan saat ini, orang Kristen merupakan 2-3% dari populasi Kamboja.","translated_text":"Various Protestant denominations have reported remarkable growth since the 1990s, and according to some current estimates, Christians make up 2-3% of Cambodia's population.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] https://www.britannica.com/place/Cambodia/Religion. Accessed 5 November 2017.","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"https://www.britannica.com/place/Cambodia/Religion","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":110265,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:19.491652-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75146484375},{"content":"Operation World, Seventh Ed. Jason Mandryk, 2010","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada sekitar 75.000 umat Katolik di Kamboja yang mewakili 0,5% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"There are about 75,000 Catholics in Cambodia representing 0.5% of the total population.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|last=Ford|first=Peter|title=Cambodia, Catholicism, and Cauliflower|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/|access-date=10 April 2020|work=[[The Diplomat]]|publisher=Diplomat Media Inc.|date=14 Maret 2017|location=[[Distrik Kien Svay]], Kamboja}}","char_index":82,"name":"Diplomat","url":"https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":132026,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:19.887837-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.921875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tidak ada keuskupan, tetapi ada tiga yurisdiksi teritorial - satu Vikariat Apostolik dan dua Prefektur Apostolik.","translated_text":"There are no dioceses, but there are three territorial jurisdictions - one Apostolic Vicariate and two Apostolic Prefectures.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Presiden Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-Orang Suci Zaman Akhir, Gordon B. Hinckley, secara resmi memperkenalkan pekerjaan misionaris ke Kamboja pada tanggal 29 Mei 1996.","translated_text":"The president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Gordon B. Hinckley, officially introduced missionary work to Cambodia on May 29, 1996.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Leland D. and Joyce B. White, [www.lds.org/liahona/1997/10/the-gospel-takes-hold-in-cambodia \"The Gospel Takes Hold in Cambodia\"], ''[[Liahona (majalah)|Liahona]]'', October 1997, p. 41.","char_index":170,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja sekarang memiliki 31 jemaat (27 bahasa Khmer dan tiga bahasa Vietnam, dan satu internasional).","translated_text":"The church now has 31 congregations (27 in Khmer and three in Vietnamese, and one international).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Saksi","translated_text":"Witness","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-Saksi Yehuwa hadir di Kamboja sejak tahun 1990 dan membuka Balai Kerajaan ketiga mereka pada tahun 2015.","translated_text":"- Jehovah's Witnesses have been present in Cambodia since 1990 and opened their third Kingdom Hall in 2015.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Naomi-Collett Ritz, [https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/ “Jehovah’s Witnesses Open Kingdom Hall Near Angkor Wat,”] ''Khmer Times'', March 3, 2015.","char_index":105,"name":null,"url":"https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5459,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.086707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Iman Bahá'í","translated_text":"The Baha'i Faith","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengenalan Keyakinan Bahá'í di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah 'Abdu'l-Bahá.","translated_text":"The introduction of the Bahá'í Faith in Cambodia first took place in 1920, with the arrival of Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney in Phnom Penh on the orders of 'Abdu'l-Bahá.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web | title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, apôtre d'Abdu'l-Bahá | trans-title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá | url= http://www.bahai-biblio.org/centre-doc/ouvrage/dreyfus/dreyfus_06.htm | date=2000 | publisher = National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of France | access-date = 2012-09-24 }}","char_index":161,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bahai-biblio.org/centre-doc/ouvrage/dreyfus/dreyfus_06.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8989,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.163653-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7705078125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah kunjungan sporadis dari guru keliling sepanjang paruh pertama abad ke-20, kelompok Bahá'í pertama di Kamboja didirikan di kota itu pada tahun 1956.","translated_text":"After sporadic visits by traveling teachers throughout the first half of the 20th century, the first Bahá'í group in Cambodia was established in the city in 1956.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite book|title=Messages of Shoghi Effendi to the Indian Subcontinent: 1923-1957|page=403|url=http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_messages_indian_subcontinent|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust of India|year=1995}}","char_index":155,"name":"ind-subcont-403","url":"http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_messages_indian_subcontinent","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":233,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.472992-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite journal|title=Teaching and Assembly Development Conference for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand|journal=Baháʼí News Letter|publisher=National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India, Pakistan & Burma|issue=85|date=1956}}","char_index":155,"name":"indbahnews-dec1956","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1963, Bahá'í diketahui tinggal di Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap dan Sihanoukville, dengan Majelis Spiritual yang berfungsi hadir di Phnom Penh.","translated_text":"In 1963, Bahá'ís were known to live in Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville, with a functioning Spiritual Assembly present in Phnom Penh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63|title=Bahá'í Faith, the: 1844-1963}}","char_index":158,"name":"handsstats","url":"http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":371922,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.624697-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.751953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selama pemerintahan Khmer Merah pada akhir 1970-an, suku Bahá'í di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar.","translated_text":"During the rule of the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s, the Bahá'í people of Cambodia became isolated from the outside world.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/hassall_religious_freedom_asia-pacific|title=Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific}}","char_index":110,"name":"hassrfap","url":"http://bahai-library.com/hassall_religious_freedom_asia-pacific","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:21.898152-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Banyak dari mereka bergabung dengan banjir pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia setelah jatuhnya Khmer Merah, bermukim kembali di tempat-tempat seperti Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, di mana upaya khusus dilakukan untuk menghubungi mereka dan memasukkan mereka ke dalam kehidupan komunitas Bahá'í setempat.","translated_text":"Many of them joined the flood of refugees that spread around the world after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, resettling in places like Canada and the United States, where special efforts were made to contact them and incorporate them into the life of the local Bahá'í community.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18. p.131","char_index":307,"name":"bworld18-131","url":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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''Century of Light.'' p.104. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/COL/col-11.html","char_index":237,"name":"uhj-col","url":"http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/COL/col-11.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":58028,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.367976-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8681640625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komunitas Bahá'í baru-baru ini mengalami pertumbuhan kembali, terutama di kota Battambang.","translated_text":"The Bahá'í community has recently experienced a resurgence, especially in the city of Battambang.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kota ini menjadi tuan rumah salah satu dari 41 konferensi regional Bahá'í di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2009, yang menarik lebih dari 2.000 peserta.","translated_text":"The city hosted one of 41 Bahá'í regional conferences around the world in 2009, attracting more than 2,000 participants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/battambang.html|title = The Battambang Regional Conference - Bahá'í World News Service}}","char_index":146,"name":"regconf-bbang","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/battambang.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.690182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9130859375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dua konferensi pemuda regional terjadi di Kamboja pada tahun 2013, termasuk satu di Battambang dan satu lagi di Kampong Thom.","translated_text":"Two regional youth conferences took place in Cambodia in 2013, including one in Battambang and another in Kampong Thom.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/battambang.html Battambang Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.","char_index":125,"name":"bbang-114yc","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/battambang.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":33423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.898205-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92431640625},{"content":"''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/kampongthom.html Kampong Thom Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.","char_index":125,"name":"kt-114yc","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/kampongthom.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":29123,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.995480-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90966796875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í lokal di Battambang.","translated_text":"In 2012, the Universal House of Justice announced plans to establish a local Baha'i House of Worship in Battambang.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/906|title = Plans to build new Houses of Worship announced | BWNS|date = 22 April 2012}}","char_index":121,"name":"bahaihow-announce","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/906","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":278370,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.073648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9384765625}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Desainnya diresmikan pada Juli 2015, dengan peletakan batu pertama berikut pada bulan November.","translated_text":"The design was unveiled in July 2015, with the first stone laying following in November.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1062/|title=Dawn unveiling for Cambodian temple design | BWNS|date=18 July 2015}}","char_index":36,"name":"bahaihow-design","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1062/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":279244,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.325998-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.947265625},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1082/|title=First groundbreaking for a local House of Worship | BWNS|date=15 November 2015}}","char_index":95,"name":"bahaihow-groundb","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1082/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276616,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.576436-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.951171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í pertama yang melayani satu wilayah — didedikasikan dalam sebuah upacara pada bulan September 2017, dihadiri oleh 2.500 orang.","translated_text":"The first Bahá'í House of Worship serving one territory was dedicated in a ceremony in September 2017, attended by 2,500 people.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1190/|title=\"A new dawn is breaking\": House of Worship inaugurated in Cambodia | BWNS|date=September 2017}}","char_index":145,"name":"bahaihow-inaug","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1190/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":281177,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.836397-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9326171875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Menurut perkiraan tahun 2010, Kamboja adalah rumah bagi sekitar 16.700 orang Bahá'í.","translated_text":"According to a 2010 estimate, Cambodia is home to about 16,700 Baha'is.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |title=QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp |access-date=2020-10-14}}","char_index":84,"name":"ARDA2010","url":"https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":85915,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.958497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (66 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Aliran kepercayaan","translated_text":"A flow of trust","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kelompok suku dataran tinggi, kebanyakan dengan sistem agama lokal mereka sendiri.","translated_text":"Highland tribal groups, mostly with their own local religious systems.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bisa dibilang ini adalah orang-orang beragama paling awal di Kamboja.","translated_text":"These were arguably the earliest religious people in Cambodia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Agama Hindu datang ke Kamboja terutama pada masa pemerintahan raja Chola pada abad ke-10.","translated_text":"Hinduism came to Cambodia especially during the reign of the Chola king in the 10th century.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bahkan sebelum itu, agama Buddha telah sampai di Kamboja.","translated_text":"Even before that, Buddhism had arrived in Cambodia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sekarang agama suku hanya mencakup sekitar 150.000 orang.","translated_text":"Now the tribal religion only includes about 150,000 people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"1996 estimate","char_index":57,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Khmer Loeu secara longgar digambarkan sebagai animis, tetapi sebagian besar kelompok etnis pribumi memiliki jajaran roh lokal mereka sendiri.","translated_text":"The Khmer Loeu are loosely described as animist, but most indigenous ethnic groups have their own local spiritual ranks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Secara umum mereka melihat dunia mereka dipenuhi dengan berbagai roh tak terlihat (sering disebut yang), beberapa baik hati, yang lain jahat.","translated_text":"In general, they see their world filled with various invisible spirits (often called ones), some kind, others evil.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Mereka mengasosiasikan roh dengan beras, tanah, air, api, batu, jalan, dan sebagainya.","translated_text":"They associate spirit with rice, soil, water, fire, rocks, roads, and so on.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dukun, dukun atau spesialis di setiap desa menghubungi roh-roh ini dan menentukan cara untuk menenangkan mereka.","translated_text":"Witches, sorcerers or specialists in each village contact these spirits and determine how to appease them.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":112,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada saat krisis atau perubahan, pengorbanan hewan dapat dilakukan untuk menenangkan kemarahan roh.","translated_text":"In times of crisis or change, animal sacrifices can be made to calm the spirit's anger.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penyakit sering diyakini disebabkan oleh roh jahat atau dukun.","translated_text":"Diseases are often believed to be caused by evil spirits or sorcerers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa suku memiliki dukun atau tabib khusus yang merawat orang sakit.","translated_text":"Some tribes had a special sorcerer or physician who cared for the sick.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain kepercayaan pada roh, penduduk desa percaya pada tabu pada banyak objek atau praktik.","translated_text":"In addition to belief in spirits, villagers believe in taboos on many objects or practices.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di antara suku Khmer Loeu, kelompok Austronesia (Rhade dan Jarai) memiliki hierarki roh yang berkembang dengan baik dengan pemimpin tertinggi sebagai pemimpinnya.","translated_text":"Among the Khmer Loeu tribes, the Austronesian group (Rhade and Jarai) had a well-developed spiritual hierarchy with the highest leader as its leader.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":162,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Yudaisme","translated_text":"Judaism","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ada komunitas kecil Yahudi di Kamboja yang terdiri lebih dari 100 orang.","translated_text":"There is a small Jewish community in Cambodia of over 100 people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak 2009, telah ada rumah Chabad di Phnom Penh.","translated_text":"Since 2009, there has been a Chabad house in Phnom Penh.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/2578-festival-of-light-shines-in-phnom-penh|title=Festival of light shines in Phnom Penh|date=December 14, 2012|access-date=December 25, 2012|last=Ellen|first=Rosa|work=[[The Phnom Penh Post]]}}","char_index":49,"name":null,"url":"http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/2578-festival-of-light-shines-in-phnom-penh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4522,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:24.465017-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Agama di Kamboja Kategori:Budaya Kamboja Kamboja","translated_text":"Category:Religion in Cambodia Category:Culture of Cambodia Cambodia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Buddhisme adalah agama negara dari Kamboja. Sekitar 97% populasi Kamboja menganut Buddha Theravada, dengan Islam, Kristen, dan animisme kesukuan serta keyakinan Baha'i merupakan bagian terbesar dari sisanya yang kecil.","translated_text":"Buddhism is the state religion of Cambodia. About 97% of the Cambodian population adheres to Theravada Buddhism, with Islam, Christianity, and tribal animism as well as the Baha'i faith constituting the largest portion of the remaining minority.","citations":[{"content":"{{Citation|title=Cambodia|date=2022-02-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/#people-and-society|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2022-02-13}}","char_index":218,"name":":0","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":218,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":415952,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.152058-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":218,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.777950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut The World Factbook pada tahun 2019, 97,1% populasi Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2% Islam, 0,3% Kristen dan 0,5% lainnya.","translated_text":"According to The World Factbook in 2019, 97.1% of Cambodia's population is Buddhist, 2% Muslim, 0.3% Christian and another 0.5%.","citations":[{"content":"{{Citation|title=Cambodia|date=2022-02-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/#people-and-society|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2022-02-13}}","char_index":122,"name":":0","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut Pew Research Center pada tahun 2010, 96,9% penduduk Kamboja adalah Buddha, 2,0% Islam, 0,4% Kristen, dan 0,7% agama rakyat dan bukan keagamaan.","translated_text":"According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, 96.9% of Cambodia's population was Buddhist, 2.0% Muslim, 0.4% Christian, and 0.7% folk and non-religious.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":415952,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.152058-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (62 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |website=Global Relidious Landscape 2010 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf |archive-date=March 10, 2016}}","char_index":151,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.777950-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agama mayoritas di Kamboja adalah Buddha (97%), diikuti oleh Islam (2%), agama lain (0,8%), dan Kristen (0,2%). Kategori \"Lainnya\" terutama mengacu pada sistem keagamaan lokal kelompok suku dataran tinggi dan beberapa kelompok agama minoritas dari negara lain. Distribusi penduduk menurut agama kurang lebih sama pada tahun 2008 dan 2019:","translated_text":"The majority religion in Cambodia is Buddhism (97%), followed by Islam (2%), other religions (0.8%), and Christianity (0.2%). The category \"Other\" mainly refers to the local religious systems of the highland tribal groups and some minority religious groups of other countries. The population distribution by religion was roughly the same in 2008 and 2019:","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=General Population census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019|url=http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Statistics Ministry of planning|date=October 2020}}","char_index":338,"name":null,"url":"http://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=iso-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":199,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.847611-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (9 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam bentuknya yang paling awal, ini adalah sejenis Buddhisme Mahāyāna. Buddhisme Theravada telah ada di Kamboja setidaknya sejak abad ke-5 Masehi, dengan beberapa sumber menyebutkan asal-usulnya sejak abad ke-3 SM. Buddhisme Theravada telah menjadi agama negara Kamboja sejak abad ke-13 M (periode Khmer Merah), dan saat ini diperkirakan menjadi agama 97,9% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"In its earliest form, it was a form of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism has existed in Cambodia since at least the 5th century AD, with some sources mentioning its origins as early as the 3rd century BC. Theravada Buddhism has been the state religion of Cambodia since the 13th century AD (the Khmer Rouge period), and is currently estimated to be the religion of 97.9% of the total population.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/|title=CIA World Factbook - Cambodia|access-date=2007-04-10}}","char_index":380,"name":"ciafact","url":"https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:53:59.093479-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pedagang Muslim di sepanjang jalur perdagangan utama antara Asia Barat hingga Āryāvarta bertanggung jawab atas masuknya Islam ke Kamboja sekitar abad ke-12 hingga ke-17 M. Agama tersebut kemudian disebarkan lebih jauh oleh suku Cham dan akhirnya dikonsolidasikan dengan perluasan wilayah para penguasa yang berpindah keyakinan dan komunitas mereka.","translated_text":"Muslim traders along the main trade route between Western Asia to Āryāvarta were responsible for the introduction of Islam into Cambodia around the 12th to 17th centuries A.D. The religion was later spread further by the Cham and eventually consolidated with the expansion of the territories of rulers who shifted their beliefs and communities.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Culture And Heritage - Medieval History - The Rise Of Islam In South Asia - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2017|access-date=2020-10-18|website=knowindia.gov.in}}","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":23037,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:00.587234-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (98 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Culture And Heritage - Medieval History - The Rise Of Islam In South Asia - Know India: National Portal of India|url=https://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php#:~:text=Muhammad%20Ghori%20invaded%20India%20in,again%20to%20avenge%20his%20defeat.|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2017|access-date=2020-10-18|website=knowindia.gov.in}}","char_index":171,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20170823220359/http://knowindia.gov.in/culture-and-heritage/medieval-history/the-rise-of-islam-in-south-asia.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:08.976149-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Misi Kristen pertama yang diketahui di Kamboja dilakukan oleh Gaspar da Cruz, seorang Portugis anggota Ordo Dominika, pada tahun 1555-1556. Menurut pengakuannya sendiri, perusahaan itu gagal total; dia menemukan negara itu dijalankan oleh seorang raja \"Bramene\" dan pejabat \"Bramene\", dan menemukan bahwa \"orang Bramen adalah orang yang paling sulit untuk pindah agama\". Dia merasa tidak ada yang berani pindah agama tanpa izin Raja, dan meninggalkan negara dengan kecewa, tidak \"membaptis lebih dari satu orang bukan Yahudi yang saya tinggalkan di kuburan\".","translated_text":"The first known Christian mission in Cambodia was carried out by Gaspar da Cruz, a Portuguese member of the Dominican Order, in 1555-1556. According to his own admission, the company was a total failure; he found that the country was run by a king \"Bramene\" and an official \"Bramene\", and found that \"the Bramen were the most difficult people to convert to\". He felt that no one dared convert without the King's permission, and left the country disappointed, not \"baptising more than one Gentile whom I left in the tomb\".","citations":[{"content":"{{citation|first1=Charles Ralph|last1=Boxer|first2=Galeote|last2=Pereira|first3=Gaspar da|last3=Cruz|first4= Martín de|last4=Rada|author-link=C. R. Boxer|publisher=Printed for the Hakluyt Society|year=1953|title=South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. (and) Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550-1575)|series=Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ|pages=lix,59–63}}","char_index":558,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=ImoTAAAAIAAJ","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":44457,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.046207-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":3,"source_quality_raw_score":0.5}]},{"text":"Hingga akhir abad ke-19, tidak ada misi Protestan ke Kamboja.","translated_text":"Until the late 19th century, there were no Protestant missions to Cambodia.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite book|last=Bliss|first=Edwin Munsell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdAAQAAMAAJ&q=church+cambodia|title=The Encyclopædia of Missions: Descriptive, Historical, Biographical, Statistical|date=1891|publisher=Funk & Wagnalls|language=en|page=230}}","char_index":61,"name":null,"url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=jGdAAQAAMAAJ&q=church+cambodia","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":64109,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.207963-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (100 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengamat melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 1980 terdapat lebih banyak orang Kristen Khmer yang terdaftar di antara para pengungsi di kamp-kamp di Thailand daripada di seluruh Kamboja sebelum tahun 1970. Kiernan mencatat bahwa, hingga Juni 1980, lima kebaktian mingguan Protestan diadakan di Phnom Penh oleh seorang pendeta Khmer, tetapi bahwa mereka telah dikurangi menjadi layanan mingguan setelah pelecehan polisi. Perkiraannya menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1987 komunitas Kristen di Kamboja menyusut menjadi hanya beberapa ribu anggota.","translated_text":"Observers reported that in 1980 there were more Khmer Christians registered among the refugees in camps in Thailand than in all of Cambodia before 1970. Kiernan notes that, until June 1980, five weekly Protestant meetings were held in Phnom Penh by a Khmer clergyman, but that they had been reduced to weekly services after police harassment. His estimates show that by 1987 the Christian community in Cambodia shrank to just a few thousand members.","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":532,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Berbagai denominasi Protestan telah melaporkan pertumbuhan yang mencolok sejak tahun 1990-an, dan menurut beberapa perkiraan saat ini, orang Kristen merupakan 2-3% dari populasi Kamboja.","translated_text":"Various Protestant denominations have reported remarkable growth since the 1990s, and according to some current estimates, Christians make up 2-3% of Cambodia's population.","citations":[{"content":"[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] https://www.britannica.com/place/Cambodia/Religion. Accessed 5 November 2017.","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":"https://www.britannica.com/place/Cambodia/Religion","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html;charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":110265,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:19.491652-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.75146484375},{"content":"Operation World, Seventh Ed. Jason Mandryk, 2010","char_index":186,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ada sekitar 75.000 umat Katolik di Kamboja yang mewakili 0,5% dari total populasi.","translated_text":"There are about 75,000 Catholics in Cambodia representing 0.5% of the total population.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite news|last=Ford|first=Peter|title=Cambodia, Catholicism, and Cauliflower|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/|access-date=10 April 2020|work=[[The Diplomat]]|publisher=Diplomat Media Inc.|date=14 Maret 2017|location=[[Distrik Kien Svay]], Kamboja}}","char_index":82,"name":"Diplomat","url":"https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":132026,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:19.887837-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.921875}]},{"text":"Ada sekitar 75.000 umat Katolik di Kamboja yang mewakili 0,5% dari total populasi. Tidak ada keuskupan, tetapi ada tiga yurisdiksi teritorial - satu Vikariat Apostolik dan dua Prefektur Apostolik. Presiden Gereja Yesus Kristus dari Orang-Orang Suci Zaman Akhir, Gordon B. Hinckley, secara resmi memperkenalkan pekerjaan misionaris ke Kamboja pada tanggal 29 Mei 1996.","translated_text":"There are about 75,000 Catholics in Cambodia representing 0.5% of the total population. There are no dioceses, but there are three territorial jurisdictions - one Apostolic Vicariate and two Apostolic Prefectures. The president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Gordon B. Hinckley, officially introduced missionary work to Cambodia on May 29, 1996.","citations":[{"content":"Leland D. and Joyce B. White, [www.lds.org/liahona/1997/10/the-gospel-takes-hold-in-cambodia \"The Gospel Takes Hold in Cambodia\"], ''[[Liahona (majalah)|Liahona]]'', October 1997, p. 41.","char_index":367,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gereja sekarang memiliki 31 jemaat (27 bahasa Khmer dan tiga bahasa Vietnam, dan satu internasional). Saksi -Saksi Yehuwa hadir di Kamboja sejak tahun 1990 dan membuka Balai Kerajaan ketiga mereka pada tahun 2015.","translated_text":"The church now has 31 congregations (27 in Khmer and three in Vietnamese, and one international). Witness - Jehovah's Witnesses have been present in Cambodia since 1990 and opened their third Kingdom Hall in 2015.","citations":[{"content":"Naomi-Collett Ritz, [https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/ “Jehovah’s Witnesses Open Kingdom Hall Near Angkor Wat,”] ''Khmer Times'', March 3, 2015.","char_index":213,"name":null,"url":"https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5459,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.086707-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengenalan Keyakinan Bahá'í di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah 'Abdu'l-Bahá.","translated_text":"The introduction of the Bahá'í Faith in Cambodia first took place in 1920, with the arrival of Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney in Phnom Penh on the orders of 'Abdu'l-Bahá.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web | title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, apôtre d'Abdu'l-Bahá | trans-title = Hippolyte Dreyfus, Disciple of 'Abdu'l-Bahá | url= http://www.bahai-biblio.org/centre-doc/ouvrage/dreyfus/dreyfus_06.htm | date=2000 | publisher = National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of France | access-date = 2012-09-24 }}","char_index":161,"name":null,"url":"http://www.bahai-biblio.org/centre-doc/ouvrage/dreyfus/dreyfus_06.htm","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8989,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.163653-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7705078125}]},{"text":"Pengenalan Keyakinan Bahá'í di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Setelah kunjungan sporadis dari guru keliling sepanjang paruh pertama abad ke-20, kelompok Bahá'í pertama di Kamboja didirikan di kota itu pada tahun 1956.","translated_text":"The introduction of the Bahá'í Faith in Cambodia first took place in 1920, with the arrival of Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney in Phnom Penh on the orders of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. After sporadic visits by traveling teachers throughout the first half of the 20th century, the first Bahá'í group in Cambodia was established in the city in 1956.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite book|title=Messages of Shoghi Effendi to the Indian Subcontinent: 1923-1957|page=403|url=http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_messages_indian_subcontinent|publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust of India|year=1995}}","char_index":317,"name":"ind-subcont-403","url":"http://bahai-library.com/shoghieffendi_messages_indian_subcontinent","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":233,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.472992-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite journal|title=Teaching and Assembly Development Conference for Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand|journal=Baháʼí News Letter|publisher=National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of India, Pakistan & Burma|issue=85|date=1956}}","char_index":317,"name":"indbahnews-dec1956","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pengenalan Keyakinan Bahá'í di Kamboja pertama kali terjadi pada tahun 1920, dengan kedatangan Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney di Phnom Penh atas perintah 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Setelah kunjungan sporadis dari guru keliling sepanjang paruh pertama abad ke-20, kelompok Bahá'í pertama di Kamboja didirikan di kota itu pada tahun 1956. Pada tahun 1963, Bahá'í diketahui tinggal di Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap dan Sihanoukville, dengan Majelis Spiritual yang berfungsi hadir di Phnom Penh.","translated_text":"The introduction of the Bahá'í Faith in Cambodia first took place in 1920, with the arrival of Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney in Phnom Penh on the orders of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. After sporadic visits by traveling teachers throughout the first half of the 20th century, the first Bahá'í group in Cambodia was established in the city in 1956. In 1963, Bahá'ís were known to live in Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville, with a functioning Spiritual Assembly present in Phnom Penh.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63|title=Bahá'í Faith, the: 1844-1963}}","char_index":476,"name":"handsstats","url":"http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":371922,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:20.624697-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.751953125}]},{"text":"Selama pemerintahan Khmer Merah pada akhir 1970-an, suku Bahá'í di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar.","translated_text":"During the rule of the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s, the Bahá'í people of Cambodia became isolated from the outside world.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://bahai-library.com/hassall_religious_freedom_asia-pacific|title=Religious Freedom in the Asia Pacific}}","char_index":110,"name":"hassrfap","url":"http://bahai-library.com/hassall_religious_freedom_asia-pacific","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":41659,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:21.898152-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.95068359375}]},{"text":"Selama pemerintahan Khmer Merah pada akhir 1970-an, suku Bahá'í di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar. Banyak dari mereka bergabung dengan banjir pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia setelah jatuhnya Khmer Merah, bermukim kembali di tempat-tempat seperti Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, di mana upaya khusus dilakukan untuk menghubungi mereka dan memasukkan mereka ke dalam kehidupan komunitas Bahá'í setempat.","translated_text":"During the rule of the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s, the Bahá'í people of Cambodia became isolated from the outside world. Many of them joined the flood of refugees that spread around the world after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, resettling in places like Canada and the United States, where special efforts were made to contact them and incorporate them into the life of the local Bahá'í community.","citations":[{"content":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18. p.131","char_index":418,"name":"bworld18-131","url":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":89961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.154584-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73681640625}]},{"text":"Selama pemerintahan Khmer Merah pada akhir 1970-an, suku Bahá'í di Kamboja menjadi terisolasi dari dunia luar. Banyak dari mereka bergabung dengan banjir pengungsi yang tersebar di seluruh dunia setelah jatuhnya Khmer Merah, bermukim kembali di tempat-tempat seperti Kanada dan Amerika Serikat, di mana upaya khusus dilakukan untuk menghubungi mereka dan memasukkan mereka ke dalam kehidupan komunitas Bahá'í setempat. Bahá'í di Thailand dan negara-negara lain menjangkau para pengungsi Kamboja yang tinggal di kamp-kamp di perbatasan Thailand-Kamboja; hal ini pada akhirnya menyebabkan tumbuhnya komunitas Bahá'í di sana, termasuk pendirian Sidang Rohani.","translated_text":"During the rule of the Khmer Rouge in the late 1970s, the Bahá'í people of Cambodia became isolated from the outside world. Many of them joined the flood of refugees that spread around the world after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, resettling in places like Canada and the United States, where special efforts were made to contact them and incorporate them into the life of the local Bahá'í community. Bahá'ís in Thailand and other countries reached out to Cambodian refugees living in camps on the Thai-Cambodian border; this eventually led to the growth of the Bahá'í community there, including the establishment of the Spiritual Assembly.","citations":[{"content":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18 p.96","char_index":656,"name":"bworld18-96","url":"http://bahai-library.com/uhj_bahai_world_18","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":89961,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.154584-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.73681640625},{"content":"The Universal House of Justice. ''Century of Light.'' p.104. http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/COL/col-11.html","char_index":656,"name":"uhj-col","url":"http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/bic/COL/col-11.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":58028,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.367976-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8681640625}]},{"text":"Komunitas Bahá'í baru-baru ini mengalami pertumbuhan kembali, terutama di kota Battambang. Kota ini menjadi tuan rumah salah satu dari 41 konferensi regional Bahá'í di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2009, yang menarik lebih dari 2.000 peserta.","translated_text":"The Bahá'í community has recently experienced a resurgence, especially in the city of Battambang. The city hosted one of 41 Bahá'í regional conferences around the world in 2009, attracting more than 2,000 participants.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/battambang.html|title = The Battambang Regional Conference - Bahá'í World News Service}}","char_index":237,"name":"regconf-bbang","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/regional-conferences/battambang.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":31739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.690182-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9130859375}]},{"text":"Komunitas Bahá'í baru-baru ini mengalami pertumbuhan kembali, terutama di kota Battambang. Kota ini menjadi tuan rumah salah satu dari 41 konferensi regional Bahá'í di seluruh dunia pada tahun 2009, yang menarik lebih dari 2.000 peserta. Dua konferensi pemuda regional terjadi di Kamboja pada tahun 2013, termasuk satu di Battambang dan satu lagi di Kampong Thom.","translated_text":"The Bahá'í community has recently experienced a resurgence, especially in the city of Battambang. The city hosted one of 41 Bahá'í regional conferences around the world in 2009, attracting more than 2,000 participants. Two regional youth conferences took place in Cambodia in 2013, including one in Battambang and another in Kampong Thom.","citations":[{"content":"''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/battambang.html Battambang Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.","char_index":363,"name":"bbang-114yc","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/battambang.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":33423,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.898205-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92431640625},{"content":"''[http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/kampongthom.html Kampong Thom Youth Conference]''. Baháʼí International Community.","char_index":363,"name":"kt-114yc","url":"http://news.bahai.org/community-news/youth-conferences/kampongthom.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":29123,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:22.995480-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.90966796875}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í lokal di Battambang.","translated_text":"In 2012, the Universal House of Justice announced plans to establish a local Baha'i House of Worship in Battambang.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/906|title = Plans to build new Houses of Worship announced | BWNS|date = 22 April 2012}}","char_index":121,"name":"bahaihow-announce","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/906","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":278370,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.073648-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9384765625}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í lokal di Battambang. Desainnya diresmikan pada Juli 2015, dengan peletakan batu pertama berikut pada bulan November.","translated_text":"In 2012, the Universal House of Justice announced plans to establish a local Baha'i House of Worship in Battambang. The design was unveiled in July 2015, with the first stone laying following in November.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1062/|title=Dawn unveiling for Cambodian temple design | BWNS|date=18 July 2015}}","char_index":158,"name":"bahaihow-design","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1062/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":279244,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.325998-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.947265625},{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1082/|title=First groundbreaking for a local House of Worship | BWNS|date=15 November 2015}}","char_index":217,"name":"bahaihow-groundb","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1082/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":276616,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.576436-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.951171875}]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2012, Universal House of Justice mengumumkan rencana untuk mendirikan Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í lokal di Battambang. Desainnya diresmikan pada Juli 2015, dengan peletakan batu pertama berikut pada bulan November. Rumah Ibadah Bahá'í pertama yang melayani satu wilayah — didedikasikan dalam sebuah upacara pada bulan September 2017, dihadiri oleh 2.500 orang.","translated_text":"In 2012, the Universal House of Justice announced plans to establish a local Baha'i House of Worship in Battambang. The design was unveiled in July 2015, with the first stone laying following in November. The first Bahá'í House of Worship serving one territory was dedicated in a ceremony in September 2017, attended by 2,500 people.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://news.bahai.org/story/1190/|title=\"A new dawn is breaking\": House of Worship inaugurated in Cambodia | BWNS|date=September 2017}}","char_index":363,"name":"bahaihow-inaug","url":"http://news.bahai.org/story/1190/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":281177,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.836397-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.9326171875}]},{"text":"Menurut perkiraan tahun 2010, Kamboja adalah rumah bagi sekitar 16.700 orang Bahá'í.","translated_text":"According to a 2010 estimate, Cambodia is home to about 16,700 Baha'is.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web |title=QuickLists: Most Baha'i (sic) Nations (2010) |work=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]] |year=2010 |url=https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp |access-date=2020-10-14}}","char_index":84,"name":"ARDA2010","url":"https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":85915,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:23.958497-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (66 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Agama Hindu datang ke Kamboja terutama pada masa pemerintahan raja Chola pada abad ke-10. Bahkan sebelum itu, agama Buddha telah sampai di Kamboja. Sekarang agama suku hanya mencakup sekitar 150.000 orang.","translated_text":"Hinduism came to Cambodia especially during the reign of the Chola king in the 10th century. Even before that, Buddhism had arrived in Cambodia. Now the tribal religion only includes about 150,000 people.","citations":[{"content":"1996 estimate","char_index":205,"name":null,"url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Secara umum mereka melihat dunia mereka dipenuhi dengan berbagai roh tak terlihat (sering disebut yang), beberapa baik hati, yang lain jahat. Mereka mengasosiasikan roh dengan beras, tanah, air, api, batu, jalan, dan sebagainya. Dukun, dukun atau spesialis di setiap desa menghubungi roh-roh ini dan menentukan cara untuk menenangkan mereka.","translated_text":"In general, they see their world filled with various invisible spirits (often called ones), some kind, others evil. They associate spirit with rice, soil, water, fire, rocks, roads, and so on. Witches, sorcerers or specialists in each village contact these spirits and determine how to appease them.","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":341,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Beberapa suku memiliki dukun atau tabib khusus yang merawat orang sakit. Selain kepercayaan pada roh, penduduk desa percaya pada tabu pada banyak objek atau praktik. Di antara suku Khmer Loeu, kelompok Austronesia (Rhade dan Jarai) memiliki hierarki roh yang berkembang dengan baik dengan pemimpin tertinggi sebagai pemimpinnya.","translated_text":"Some tribes had a special sorcerer or physician who cared for the sick. In addition to belief in spirits, villagers believe in taboos on many objects or practices. Among the Khmer Loeu tribes, the Austronesian group (Rhade and Jarai) had a well-developed spiritual hierarchy with the highest leader as its leader.","citations":[{"content":"[[Federal Research Division]]. Russell R. Ross, ed. \"Other religions\". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html ''Cambodia: A Country Study.''] Research completed December 1987. ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''","char_index":328,"name":"country","url":"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/khtoc.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:09.451966-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ada komunitas kecil Yahudi di Kamboja yang terdiri lebih dari 100 orang. Sejak 2009, telah ada rumah Chabad di Phnom Penh.","translated_text":"There is a small Jewish community in Cambodia of over 100 people. Since 2009, there has been a Chabad house in Phnom Penh.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/2578-festival-of-light-shines-in-phnom-penh|title=Festival of light shines in Phnom Penh|date=December 14, 2012|access-date=December 25, 2012|last=Ellen|first=Rosa|work=[[The Phnom Penh Post]]}}","char_index":122,"name":null,"url":"http://www.phnompenhpost.com/7days/2578-festival-of-light-shines-in-phnom-penh","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4522,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:24.465017-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Aaron","wikicode":"'''Aaron''' merupakan nama dalam bahasa Inggris untuk [[Harun]].\n\n{{penghubung}}\n\n* [[Aaron Afia]]\n* [[Aaron Alexandre]]\n* [[Aaron Arrowsmith]]\n* [[Aaron Buckingham]]\n* [[Aaron Burr]]\n* [[Aaron Carter]]\n* [[Aaron Ciechanover]]\n* [[Aaron Douglas (aktor)]]\n* [[Aaron Eckhart]]\n* [[Aaron Goodvin]]\n* [[Aaron Hughes]]\n* [[Aaron Hunt]]\n* [[Aaron Johnson (aktor)]]\n* [[Aaron Kelly]]\n* [[Aaron Krohn]]\n* [[Aaron Lennon]]\n* [[Aaron Meijers]]\n* [[Aaron Michael Davies]]\n* [[Aaron Mokoena]]\n* [[Aaron Nimzowitsch]]\n* [[Aaron Ramsey]]\n* [[Aaron Renfree]]\n* [[Aaron Spelling]]\n* [[Aaron Swartz]]\n* [[Aaron Walden]]\n* [[Aaron Wilbraham]]\n\n{{lihat pula disambig}}\n{{disambig nama}}","hash":"7c845b2c402d32e58ed65a246bb57f845c32ebf8103a19620d9cf0c38b27105a","last_revision":"2023-05-27T10:16:36Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:22:16Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.435118","cross_lingual_links":{"bg":"Аарон (пояснение)","br":"Aaron","de":"Aaron","en":"Aaron (disambiguation)","et":"Aaron (täpsustus)","fr":"Aaron","he":"אהרן (פירושונים)","hu":"Aaron (egyértelműsítő lap)","it":"Aaron","ko":"아론 (동음이의)","lv":"Ārons (nozīmju atdalīšana)","pl":"Aaron","ro":"Aaron (dezambiguizare)","ru":"Аарон (значения)","simple":"Aaron (disambiguation)","sl":"Aaron (razločitev)","uk":"Аарон (значення)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"Aaron merupakan nama dalam bahasa Inggris untuk Harun.\n\nAaron Afia Aaron Alexandre Aaron Arrowsmith Aaron Buckingham Aaron Burr Aaron Carter Aaron Ciechanover Aaron Douglas (aktor) Aaron Eckhart Aaron Goodvin Aaron Hughes Aaron Hunt Aaron Johnson (aktor) Aaron Kelly Aaron Krohn Aaron Lennon Aaron Meijers Aaron Michael Davies Aaron Mokoena Aaron Nimzowitsch Aaron Ramsey Aaron Renfree Aaron Spelling Aaron Swartz Aaron Walden Aaron Wilbraham\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aaron merupakan nama dalam bahasa Inggris untuk Harun.","translated_text":"Aaron is the English name for Aaron.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aaron Afia Aaron Alexandre Aaron Arrowsmith Aaron Buckingham Aaron Burr Aaron Carter Aaron Ciechanover Aaron Douglas (aktor) Aaron Eckhart Aaron Goodvin Aaron Hughes Aaron Hunt Aaron Johnson (aktor)","translated_text":"Aaron Afia Aaron Alexandre Aaron Arrowsmith Aaron Buckingham Aaron Burr Aaron Carter Aaron Ciechanover Aaron Douglas Aaron Eckhart Aaron Goodvin Aaron Hughes Aaron Hunt Aaron Johnson","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aaron Kelly Aaron Krohn Aaron Lennon Aaron Meijers Aaron Michael Davies Aaron Mokoena Aaron Nimzowitsch Aaron Ramsey Aaron Renfree Aaron Spelling Aaron Swartz Aaron Walden Aaron Wilbraham","translated_text":"Aaron Kelly Aaron Krohn Aaron Lennon Aaron Meijers Aaron Michael Davies Aaron Mokoena Aaron Nimzowitsch Aaron Ramsey Aaron Renfree Aaron Spelling Aaron Swartz Aaron Walden","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekristenan di Malaysia","wikicode":"[[Berkas:Segamat Methodist Church.jpg|jmpl|Gereja di [[Segamat]], [[Johor]].]]\n\n'''Kekristenan di Malaysia''' adalah agama minoritas dengan 9,2% dari total populasi (sensus 2010), sebagian besar tinggal di Malaysia Timur.{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|title=2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia|language=Malay and English|accessdate=17 June 2012|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|archive-date=2014-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|dead-url=yes}} Denominasi Kristen utama di Malaysia termasuk Anglikan, Baptis, Brethren, gereja-gereja non-denominasi, gereja-gereja Karismatik independen, Lutheran, Methodis, Presbyterian dan Katolik Roma.{{Cite web|url=http://www.operationworld.org/country/malc/owtext.html |title=Operation World: Malaysia |accessdate=26 July 2008 |work=Operation World |publisher=WEC International |date= }}\n\n== Demografi ==\n=== Kristen Menurut Etnis ===\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|+ Afiliasi Keagamaan di Malaysia Menurut Etnis (2010){{cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|title=Jadual 4.1: Jumlah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik, Agama, Jantina dan Negeri, Malaysia, 2010|last=|first=|website=|publisher=Statistic Malaysia|accessdate=4 Februari 2018|archive-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080631/https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|dead-url=yes}}\n|-\n! Etnis\n! Jumlah
Penduduk\n! [[Kristen]]\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bumiputera]](*)\n| 17.523.508\n| 8.84%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| (*)[[Melayu]]\n| 14.191.720\n| -\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| (*)[[Bumiputera]] lainnya(**)\n| 3.331.788\n| 46.50%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Tionghoa]]\n| 6.392.636\n| 11.05%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[India]]\n| 1.907.827\n| 5.99%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| Etnis Lainnya\n| 189.385\n| 12.07%\n|- style=\"background:#9ff;\"\n| Warga Malaysia\n| 26.013.356\n| 9.20%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| Non-Warga Malaysia\n| 2.320.779\n| 9.67%\n|- style=\"background:#9ff;\"\n! [[Malaysia]]\n! 28.334.135\n! 9.24%\n|}\n\n{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|+ (**)Etnis [[Bumiputera]] Selain etnis [[Melayu]] (2010){{cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|title=Jadual 4.1: Jumlah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik, Agama, Jantina dan Negeri, Malaysia, 2010|last=|first=|website=|publisher=Statistic Malaysia|accessdate=4 Februari 2018|archive-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080631/https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|dead-url=yes}}\n|-\n! Etnis\n! Jumlah
Penduduk\n! [[Kristen]]\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Iban]]\n| 713.421\n| 76.30%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bidayuh]]\n| 198.473\n| 81.43%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Melanau]]\n| 123.410\n| 18.99%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Kadazan]]\n| 568.575\n| 74.80%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bajau]]\n| 450.279\n| 0.52%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Murut]]\n| 102.393\n| 80.19%\n|}\n\n== Bangunan gereja ==\nGereja diperbolehkan di Malaysia, meskipun ada pembatasan pembangunan gereja baru melalui hukum zonasi diskriminatif. Gereja-gereja yang sebelumnya sudah berdiri tidak ditutup oleh pemerintah dan juga tidak ada pembubaran jemaat yang sudah terbentuk. Namun, sulit untuk membangun gereja-gereja baru. Sebagai contoh, butuh lebih dari dua puluh tahun untuk dewan lokal di [[Shah Alam]] untuk memungkinkan gereja yang akan dibangun di sana, dengan kondisi tambahan bahwa gereja harus terlihat seperti pabrik dan bukan penampilan gereja yang lebih konvensional. Sebagian besar waktu, gereja-gereja baru dibentuk dan dibangun seperti biasa layaknya toko-toko, terutama di kota-kota besar seperti [[Kuala Lumpur]].\n\n== Penyebaran ==\nKebebasan untuk mempraktikkan dan menyebarkan agama dijamin di bawah Pasal 11 dari Konstitusi Malaysia dan ini umumnya dihormati. Namun, Konstitusi memungkinkan pembatasan penyebaran agama selain Islam kepada komunitas Muslim dan ambiguitas dari ketentuan tersebut telah mengakibatkan beberapa masalah.{{Cite news|first=|last=|coauthors=|title=Malay converts to Christianity \"cannot renounce Islam\"|date=11 September 2005|publisher=AsiaNews C.F.|url =http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Malay-converts-to-Christianity-cannot-renounce-Islam-4157.html|work =AsiaNews|pages =|accessdate = 16 December 2011 }}{{Cite book|title = Doing The Right Thing: A Practical Guide on Legal Matters for Churches in Malaysia|publisher = Kairos Research Centre|year = 2004|location = Petaling Jaya|pages = 35–46; Appendix 1, Appendix 2|url = http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|isbn = 978-983-9506-06-8|format = PDF|access-date = 2014-04-28|archive-date = 2008-10-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081003002541/http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|dead-url = yes}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Topik Asia|Kekristenan di}}\n\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan menurut negara|Malaysia]]\n[[Kategori:Kekristenan di Malaysia]]","hash":"32b2b5ddb75312ea66988c5975fa2d372e25a2ecd167973b00b7d03b2b1dc6c2","last_revision":"2023-05-31T06:47:30Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:25:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.508606","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"المسيحية في ماليزيا","cy":"Cristnogaeth ym Maleisia","en":"Christianity in Malaysia","fi":"Kristinusko Malesiassa","iba":"Kristian ba Malaysia","it":"Cristianesimo in Malaysia","ms":"Kristian di Malaysia","zh":"马来西亚基督教"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.804144","text":"Kekristenan di Malaysia adalah agama minoritas dengan 9,2% dari total populasi (sensus 2010), sebagian besar tinggal di Malaysia Timur. Denominasi Kristen utama di Malaysia termasuk Anglikan, Baptis, Brethren, gereja-gereja non-denominasi, gereja-gereja Karismatik independen, Lutheran, Methodis, Presbyterian dan Katolik Roma.\n\nGereja diperbolehkan di Malaysia, meskipun ada pembatasan pembangunan gereja baru melalui hukum zonasi diskriminatif. Gereja-gereja yang sebelumnya sudah berdiri tidak ditutup oleh pemerintah dan juga tidak ada pembubaran jemaat yang sudah terbentuk. Namun, sulit untuk membangun gereja-gereja baru. Sebagai contoh, butuh lebih dari dua puluh tahun untuk dewan lokal di Shah Alam untuk memungkinkan gereja yang akan dibangun di sana, dengan kondisi tambahan bahwa gereja harus terlihat seperti pabrik dan bukan penampilan gereja yang lebih konvensional. Sebagian besar waktu, gereja-gereja baru dibentuk dan dibangun seperti biasa layaknya toko-toko, terutama di kota-kota besar seperti Kuala Lumpur.\n\nKebebasan untuk mempraktikkan dan menyebarkan agama dijamin di bawah Pasal 11 dari Konstitusi Malaysia dan ini umumnya dihormati. Namun, Konstitusi memungkinkan pembatasan penyebaran agama selain Islam kepada komunitas Muslim dan ambiguitas dari ketentuan tersebut telah mengakibatkan beberapa masalah.\n\nMalaysia Kategori:Kekristenan di Malaysia\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kekristenan di Malaysia adalah agama minoritas dengan 9,2% dari total populasi (sensus 2010), sebagian besar tinggal di Malaysia Timur.","translated_text":"Christianity in Malaysia is a minority religion with 9.2% of the total population (2010 census), mostly living in East Malaysia.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|title=2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia|language=Malay and English|accessdate=17 June 2012|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|archive-date=2014-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":135,"name":"Statistics Press Release","url":"http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":61,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:24.547465-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|title=2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia|language=Malay and English|accessdate=17 June 2012|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|archive-date=2014-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":135,"name":"Statistics Press Release","url":"http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":61,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:24.547465-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (5 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Denominasi Kristen utama di Malaysia termasuk Anglikan, Baptis, Brethren, gereja-gereja non-denominasi, gereja-gereja Karismatik independen, Lutheran, Methodis, Presbyterian dan Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"The major Christian denominations in Malaysia include Anglican, Baptist, Brethren, non-denominational churches, independent Charismatic churches, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.operationworld.org/country/malc/owtext.html |title=Operation World: Malaysia |accessdate=26 July 2008 |work=Operation World |publisher=WEC International |date= }}","char_index":191,"name":"Operation World","url":"http://www.operationworld.org/country/malc/owtext.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":78354,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:26.304029-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7705078125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Demografi","translated_text":"The demographics","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Kristen Menurut Etnis","translated_text":"Christianity According to Ethnicity","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|+ Afiliasi Keagamaan di Malaysia Menurut Etnis (2010){{cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|title=Jadual 4.1: Jumlah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik, Agama, Jantina dan Negeri, Malaysia, 2010|last=|first=|website=|publisher=Statistic Malaysia|accessdate=4 Februari 2018|archive-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080631/https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|dead-url=yes}}\n|-\n! Etnis\n! Jumlah
Penduduk\n! [[Kristen]]\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bumiputera]](*)\n| 17.523.508\n| 8.84%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| (*)[[Melayu]]\n| 14.191.720\n| -\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| (*)[[Bumiputera]] lainnya(**)\n| 3.331.788\n| 46.50%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Tionghoa]]\n| 6.392.636\n| 11.05%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[India]]\n| 1.907.827\n| 5.99%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| Etnis Lainnya\n| 189.385\n| 12.07%\n|- style=\"background:#9ff;\"\n| Warga Malaysia\n| 26.013.356\n| 9.20%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| Non-Warga Malaysia\n| 2.320.779\n| 9.67%\n|- style=\"background:#9ff;\"\n! [[Malaysia]]\n! 28.334.135\n! 9.24%\n|}"},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable sortable\"\n|+ (**)Etnis [[Bumiputera]] Selain etnis [[Melayu]] (2010){{cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|title=Jadual 4.1: Jumlah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik, Agama, Jantina dan Negeri, Malaysia, 2010|last=|first=|website=|publisher=Statistic Malaysia|accessdate=4 Februari 2018|archive-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080631/https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|dead-url=yes}}\n|-\n! Etnis\n! Jumlah
Penduduk\n! [[Kristen]]\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Iban]]\n| 713.421\n| 76.30%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bidayuh]]\n| 198.473\n| 81.43%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Melanau]]\n| 123.410\n| 18.99%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Kadazan]]\n| 568.575\n| 74.80%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Bajau]]\n| 450.279\n| 0.52%\n|- style=\"text-align:center;\"\n| [[Murut]]\n| 102.393\n| 80.19%\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Bangunan gereja","translated_text":"Church building","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gereja diperbolehkan di Malaysia, meskipun ada pembatasan pembangunan gereja baru melalui hukum zonasi diskriminatif.","translated_text":"Churches are allowed in Malaysia, despite restrictions on the construction of new churches through discriminatory zoning laws.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja","translated_text":"The Church","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"-gereja yang sebelumnya sudah berdiri tidak ditutup oleh pemerintah dan juga tidak ada pembubaran jemaat yang sudah terbentuk.","translated_text":"The existing churches were not shut down by the government and there was no disbandment of the congregation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, sulit untuk membangun gereja-gereja baru.","translated_text":"However, it is difficult to build new churches.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagai contoh, butuh lebih dari dua puluh tahun untuk dewan lokal di Shah Alam untuk memungkinkan gereja yang akan dibangun di sana, dengan kondisi tambahan bahwa gereja harus terlihat seperti pabrik dan bukan penampilan gereja yang lebih konvensional.","translated_text":"For example, it took more than twenty years for the local council in Shah Alam to allow the church to be built there, with the additional condition that the church should look like a factory and not a more conventional church appearance.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar waktu, gereja-gereja baru dibentuk dan dibangun seperti biasa layaknya toko-toko, terutama di kota-kota besar seperti Kuala Lumpur.","translated_text":"Most of the time, new churches are shaped and built as usual like shops, especially in big cities like Kuala Lumpur.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penyebaran","translated_text":"Spread","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kebebasan untuk mempraktikkan dan menyebarkan agama dijamin di bawah Pasal 11 dari Konstitusi Malaysia dan ini umumnya dihormati.","translated_text":"Freedom to practice and propagate religion is guaranteed under Article 11 of the Malaysian Constitution and this is generally respected.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun, Konstitusi memungkinkan pembatasan penyebaran agama selain Islam kepada komunitas Muslim dan ambiguitas dari ketentuan tersebut telah mengakibatkan beberapa masalah.","translated_text":"However, the Constitution allows restrictions on the spread of religion other than Islam to Muslim communities and the ambiguity of the provisions has resulted in some problems.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite news|first=|last=|coauthors=|title=Malay converts to Christianity \"cannot renounce Islam\"|date=11 September 2005|publisher=AsiaNews C.F.|url =http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Malay-converts-to-Christianity-cannot-renounce-Islam-4157.html|work =AsiaNews|pages =|accessdate = 16 December 2011 }}","char_index":172,"name":"AsiaNews","url":"http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Malay-converts-to-Christianity-cannot-renounce-Islam-4157.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":81474,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:27.900213-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.916015625},{"content":"{{Cite book|title = Doing The Right Thing: A Practical Guide on Legal Matters for Churches in Malaysia|publisher = Kairos Research Centre|year = 2004|location = Petaling Jaya|pages = 35–46; Appendix 1, Appendix 2|url = http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|isbn = 978-983-9506-06-8|format = PDF|access-date = 2014-04-28|archive-date = 2008-10-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081003002541/http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|dead-url = yes}}","char_index":172,"name":"Kairos","url":"http://people.fas.harvard.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4927,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.090211-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.092529296875},{"content":"{{Cite book|title = Doing The Right Thing: A Practical Guide on Legal Matters for Churches in Malaysia|publisher = Kairos Research Centre|year = 2004|location = Petaling Jaya|pages = 35–46; Appendix 1, Appendix 2|url = http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|isbn = 978-983-9506-06-8|format = PDF|access-date = 2014-04-28|archive-date = 2008-10-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081003002541/http://people.fas.harvard.edu/~hoongng/files/Doing%20RightThing%20Online.pdf|dead-url = yes}}","char_index":172,"name":"Kairos","url":"http://people.fas.harvard.edu/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4927,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.090211-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.092529296875}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Malaysia Kategori:Kekristenan di Malaysia","translated_text":"Malaysia Category:Christianity in Malaysia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Kekristenan di Malaysia adalah agama minoritas dengan 9,2% dari total populasi (sensus 2010), sebagian besar tinggal di Malaysia Timur.","translated_text":"Christianity in Malaysia is a minority religion with 9.2% of the total population (2010 census), mostly living in East Malaysia.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|title=2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia|language=Malay and English|accessdate=17 June 2012|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|archive-date=2014-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522234002/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":135,"name":"Statistics Press Release","url":"http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Denominasi Kristen utama di Malaysia termasuk Anglikan, Baptis, Brethren, gereja-gereja non-denominasi, gereja-gereja Karismatik independen, Lutheran, Methodis, Presbyterian dan Katolik Roma.","translated_text":"Christianity in Malaysia is a minority religion with 9.2% of the total population (2010 census), mostly living in East Malaysia. The major Christian denominations in Malaysia include Anglican, Baptist, Brethren, non-denominational churches, independent Charismatic churches, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|url=http://www.operationworld.org/country/malc/owtext.html |title=Operation World: Malaysia |accessdate=26 July 2008 |work=Operation World |publisher=WEC International |date= }}","char_index":327,"name":"Operation World","url":"http://www.operationworld.org/country/malc/owtext.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":78354,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:26.304029-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7705078125}]},{"text":"Kebebasan untuk mempraktikkan dan menyebarkan agama dijamin di bawah Pasal 11 dari Konstitusi Malaysia dan ini umumnya dihormati. Namun, Konstitusi memungkinkan pembatasan penyebaran agama selain Islam kepada komunitas Muslim dan ambiguitas dari ketentuan tersebut telah mengakibatkan beberapa masalah.","translated_text":"Freedom to practice and propagate religion is guaranteed under Article 11 of the Malaysian Constitution and this is generally respected. 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Sevani]]\n* [[Adam Hann-Byrd]]\n* [[Adam Henley]]\n* [[Adam Hicks]]\n* [[Adam Hloušek]]\n* [[Adam Irigoyen]]\n* [[Adam Johansson]]\n* [[Adam Johnson]]\n* [[Adam Jordan]]\n* [[Adam King]]\n* [[Adam Kokoszka]]\n* [[Adam Lallana]]\n* [[Adam Lambert]]\n* [[Adam le Fondre]]\n* [[Adam Levine]]\n* [[Adam Liaw]]\n* [[Adam Maher]]\n* [[Adam Malik]]\n* [[Adam Matuszczyk]]\n* [[Adam Malysz]]\n* [[Adam Morgan]]\n* [[Adam Muhammad Subarkah]]\n* [[Adam Müller]]\n* [[Adam Opel]]\n* [[Adam Osborne]]\n* [[Adam Sandler]]\n* [[Adam Sarota]]\n* [[Adam Scott]]\n* [[Adam Scott (aktor)]]\n* [[Adam Smith]]\n* [[Adam Smith (pemain sepak bola)]]\n* [[Adam Stefan Sapieha]]\n* [[Adam Weishaupt]]\n* [[Adam Willard]]\n* [[Adam Young]]\n* [[John Adams]]\n* [[Zidni Adam|Zidni Adam Jawas]]\n\n== Adams ==\n\n* [[William Adams (pelaut)]] (1564–1620), pelaut Inggris yang kemudian menjadi warga negara Jepang\n* [[William Adams (ahli keramik)]] (dibaptis 1746 - 1805) ahli keramik Inggris dari North Staffordshire\n* [[William Bridges Adams]] (1797–1872), pengarang Britania Raya, penemu, dan insinyur lokomotif\n* [[William Bridges-Adams (direktur teater)]] (1889–1965), direktur panggung Britania Raya\n* [[William Adams (pengarang)]] (1814–1848), pengarang Inggris\n* [[William Adams (insinyur)]] (1823–1904), insinyur lokomotif Britania\n* [[Will.i.am]], nama asli William James Adams, Jr., (l. 1975), pemusik, produser, dan anggota The Black Eyed Peas\n* [[William Taylor Adams]], (1822–1897), pengarang & politikus\n* [[William Wirt Adams]], (1819–1888), tokoh Perang Saudara Amerika\n* [[William Herbert Adams]] (1861–1954), gubernur Colorado\n* [[William G. Adams]] (1923–2005), politikus Kanada\n* [[William E. Adams]] (1939–1971), tentara penerima Medal of Honor\n* [[Willie Adams]], politikus Kanada\n\n{{lihat pula disambig|Adam}}\n{{disambig nama}}","hash":"3120dbcb7a08ff218134e52e084bc3ac40ec6f51ffc0ac309d24c163ba19fefe","last_revision":"2023-02-27T11:25:35Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:33:02Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.893750","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Adam (dubbelsinnig)","ar":"آدم (توضيح)","ary":"آدم (توضيح)","az":"Adam (dəqiqləşdirmə)","bg":"Адам (пояснение)","br":"Adam (disheñvelout)","ca":"Adam (desambiguació)","ce":"Адам (маьӀна)","ceb":"Adam","cs":"Adam (rozcestník)","da":"Adam","de":"Adam","en":"Adam (disambiguation)","es":"Adam","et":"Adam","fa":"آدم (ابهام‌زدایی)","fi":"Adam","fr":"Adam (homonymie)","he":"אדם (פירושונים)","hr":"Adam (razdvojba)","it":"Adam","ja":"アダム (曖昧さ回避)","kk":"Адам (айрық)","ko":"아담 (동음이의)","lt":"Adam","lv":"Adam","nds":"Adam","nl":"Adam (doorverwijspagina)","pl":"Adam (ujednoznacznienie)","ro":"Adam (dezambiguizare)","ru":"Адам (значения)","sk":"Adam","sl":"Adam (razločitev)","sr":"Адам (вишезначна одредница)","sv":"Adam (olika betydelser)","tl":"Adam (paglilinaw)","uk":"Адам (значення)","ur":"آدم (ضد ابہام)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Adam - manusia pertama menurut keyakinan Abrahamik. Adam (penyanyi Korea Selatan) Adam (rahib Nestorianisme) Adam Abdurakhmangadzhiyev Adam Adhitya Suherman Adam B.B. Adam Baldwin Adam Blakeman (pemain sepak bola) Adam Bodzek Adam Brody Adam Busch Adam Campbell (pemain sepak bola) Adam Carroll Adam dari Banjar Adam Datkhuzhev Adam Drury Adam Farrel Adam Federici Adam G. Sevani Adam Hann-Byrd Adam Henley Adam Hicks Adam Hloušek Adam Irigoyen Adam Johansson Adam Johnson Adam Jordan Adam King Adam Kokoszka Adam Lallana Adam Lambert Adam le Fondre Adam Levine Adam Liaw Adam Maher Adam Malik Adam Matuszczyk Adam Malysz Adam Morgan Adam Muhammad Subarkah Adam Müller Adam Opel Adam Osborne Adam Sandler Adam Sarota Adam Scott Adam Scott (aktor) Adam Smith Adam Smith (pemain sepak bola) Adam Stefan Sapieha Adam Weishaupt Adam Willard Adam Young John Adams Zidni Adam Jawas\n\nWilliam Adams (pelaut) (1564–1620), pelaut Inggris yang kemudian menjadi warga negara Jepang William Adams (ahli keramik) (dibaptis 1746 - 1805) ahli keramik Inggris dari North Staffordshire William Bridges Adams (1797–1872), pengarang Britania Raya, penemu, dan insinyur lokomotif William Bridges-Adams (direktur teater) (1889–1965), direktur panggung Britania Raya William Adams (pengarang) (1814–1848), pengarang Inggris William Adams (insinyur) (1823–1904), insinyur lokomotif Britania Will.i.am, nama asli William James Adams, Jr., (l. 1975), pemusik, produser, dan anggota The Black Eyed Peas William Taylor Adams, (1822–1897), pengarang & politikus William Wirt Adams, (1819–1888), tokoh Perang Saudara Amerika William Herbert Adams (1861–1954), gubernur Colorado William G. Adams (1923–2005), politikus Kanada William E. Adams (1939–1971), tentara penerima Medal of Honor Willie Adams, politikus Kanada\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Adam - manusia pertama menurut keyakinan Abrahamik.","translated_text":"Adam - the first man according to Abrahamic beliefs.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adam (penyanyi Korea Selatan) Adam (rahib Nestorianisme) Adam Abdurakhmangadzhiyev Adam Adhitya Suherman Adam B.B. Adam Baldwin Adam Blakeman (pemain sepak bola) Adam Bodzek Adam Brody Adam Busch Adam Campbell (pemain sepak bola) Adam Carroll Adam dari Banjar Adam Datkhuzhev Adam Drury Adam Farrel Adam Federici Adam G. Sevani Adam Hann-Byrd Adam Henley Adam Hicks Adam Hloušek Adam Irigoyen Adam Johansson Adam Johnson Adam Jordan Adam King Adam Kokoszka Adam Lallana Adam Lambert Adam le Fondre Adam Levine Adam Liaw Adam Maher Adam Malik Adam Matuszczyk Adam Malysz Adam Morgan Adam Muhammad Subarkah Adam Müller Adam Opel Adam Osborne Adam Sandler Adam Sarota Adam Scott Adam Scott (aktor)","translated_text":"Adam (South Korean singer) Adam (Nestorianism rabbi) Adam Abdurakhmangadzhiyev Adam Adhitya Suherman Adam B.B. Adam Baldwin Adam Blakeman (footballer) Adam Bodzek Adam Brody Adam Busch Adam Campbell (footballer) Adam Carroll Adam from Banjar Adam Datkhuzhev Adam Drury Adam Farrel Adam Federici Adam G. Sevani Adam Hann-Byrd Adam Henley Adam Hicks Adam Hloušek Adam Irigoyen Adam Johansson Adam Johnson Adam Jordan Adam Adam King Adam Lallana Adam Lambert Leoszka Adam Leyszre Fond Adam Lecher Adam Maczyk Adam Morgan Adam Muhammad Subar Adam Müller Adam Osborne Maller Adam Sarota Adam Adam Scott Adam Adam Adam Sandor","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adam Smith Adam Smith (pemain sepak bola) Adam Stefan Sapieha Adam Weishaupt Adam Willard Adam Young John Adams Zidni Adam Jawas","translated_text":"Adam Smith Adam Smith (footballer) Adam Stefan Sapieha Adam Weishaupt Adam Willard Adam Young John Adams Zidni Adam Jawas","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Adams","translated_text":"Adams","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"William Adams (pelaut) (1564–1620), pelaut Inggris yang kemudian menjadi warga negara Jepang William Adams (ahli keramik) (dibaptis 1746 - 1805) ahli keramik Inggris dari North Staffordshire William Bridges Adams (1797–1872), pengarang Britania Raya, penemu, dan insinyur lokomotif William Bridges-Adams (direktur teater) (1889–1965), direktur panggung Britania Raya William Adams (pengarang) (1814–1848), pengarang Inggris William Adams (insinyur) (1823–1904), insinyur lokomotif Britania Will.i.am, nama asli William James Adams, Jr., (l. 1975), pemusik, produser, dan anggota The Black Eyed Peas William Taylor Adams, (1822–1897), pengarang & politikus William Wirt Adams, (1819–1888), tokoh Perang Saudara Amerika William Herbert Adams (1861–1954), gubernur Colorado William G. Adams (1923–2005), politikus Kanada William E. Adams (1939–1971), tentara penerima Medal of Honor Willie Adams, politikus Kanada","translated_text":"William Adams (navigator) (1564 ⁇ 1620), British sailor who later became a Japanese citizen William Adams (ceramicist) (baptized 1746 - 1805) British ceramicist from North Staffordshire William Bridges Adams (1797 ⁇ 1872), British author, inventor, and locomotive engineer William Bridges-Adams (theatre director) (1889 ⁇ 1965), British stage director William Adams (author) (1814 ⁇ 1848), British author William Adams (ins) (1823 ⁇ 1904), British locomotive engineer Will.i.am, real name William James Adams, Jr., (born 1975), musician, producer, and member of The Black Eyed Peas William Taylor Adams, (1822 ⁇ 1897), author and political engineer William Wirt Adams, (181988), American War politician and civil engineer William Herbert Adams (1861 ⁇ 1954), Canadian governor Willie Adams (1923 ⁇ 1954), Canadian soldier and politician.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Nadhifa Salsabila","wikicode":"{{BLP unsourced|date=September 2023}}\n{{Infobox person\n|name = Nadhifa Salsabila
(DJ NAD$)\n|image = \n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|birth_name = Nadhifa Salsabila\n|other_names = {{hlist|Nadhifa|Nadse|DJ NAD$}}\n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|3|7|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|nationality = Indonesia\n|resting_place = \n|resting_place_coordinates = \n|occupation = {{hlist|[[Penyanyi]]|[[Penari]]|[[Disjoki|DJ]]}}\n|partner = \n|spouse = \n|children = \n|parents = \n|alma_mater = \n|religion = \n|website = \n|awards = Peringkat 32 ''(Undergirls)'' — [[Pemilihan Member Single ke-13 JKT48]] ([[2016]])\n|module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes\n|origin = [[Tangerang Selatan]], [[Banten]]\n|background = person\n|genre = [[Pop]]\n|instrument = [[Vokal]]\n|years_active = 2014–sekarang\n|label = {{hlist|JKT48 Project|[[Hits Records]] (sebagai studio)}}\n|associated_acts = {{hlist|[[JKT48]]|[[JKT48 Dance Project]]}}\n|current_members = \n|past_members = {{ubl|[[JKT48]] (2014–2017)|[[JKT48 Dance Project]] (2016–2017)}}\n}}}}\n\n'''Nadhifa Salsabila''' ({{lahirmati|[[Padang]]|7|3|1999}}) atau yang akrab disapa '''Nadse''' (juga dikenal sebagai '''DJ NAD$''', sebelumnya sebagai '''Nadse JKT48''' (selama menjadi anggota [[JKT48]])) adalah salah seorang [[penyanyi]] dan [[Disjoki|DJ]] [[Indonesia]] dan mantan anggota dari [[grup idola]] [[JKT48]] Generasi ke-3. Nadse yang mempunyai postur 160 cm / 43 kg ini adalah keturunan dari mantan Wali kota [[Kota Sawahlunto|Sawahlunto]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Drs. Shaimoery, SH]] (periode 1971 - 1983). Klub sepak bola favorit Nadse adalah [[Real Madrid C.F.]]. Nadse juga pernah bergabung di sub-unit [[JKT48 Dance Project]] (sebagai seorang DJ) pada [[11 September]] [[2016]].\n\nPada 16 Februari 2017, Nadse memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri dari JKT48, melalui situs resmi JKT48 diumumkan bersamaan dengan [[Chintya Hanindhitakirana Wirawan|Chintya Wirawan]].\n\n== Diskografi ==\n\n* Dalam \"Kokoro no Placard\"\n** Iiwake Maybe\n* Dalam \"Kaze wa Fuiteiru\"\n** Wink wa Sankai\n* Dalam \"Pareo wa Emerald\"\n** Bara no kajitsu\n** Kinou Yori Motto Suki\n* Dalam \"Kibouteki Refrain\"\n** Te wo Tsunaginagara\n* Dalam \"Halloween Night\"\n** Teppen Tottande!\n* Dalam \"Beginner\"\n** Suki! Suki! Skip!\n* Dalam \"Mae Shika Mukanee\"\n** Hashire! Penguin\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n\n* {{Twitter|@nadsalsabila}}\n* {{Instagram|ndf.s}} (Akun Utama)\n* {{Instagram|dear_aisyah}} (Akun Kedua atau Akun Muslimah)\n* {{en}} [http://www.stage48.net/wiki/index.php/Nadhifa_Salsabila {{PAGENAME}} di Wiki48]\n\n{{DEFAULTSORT:Salsabila, Nadhifa}}\n[[Kategori:Mantan anggota JKT48|Nadse]]\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Joki cakram]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]]\n[[Kategori:Arab-Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Padang]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Barat]]\n[[Kategori:JKT48 Generasi 3|Nadse]]\n\n\n{{musikus-stub}}\n{{Indo-bio-stub}}","hash":"abe1b5ae015c3cd2dd60bad41368bf223fcdbbfa34499769be19dfd9e516c39a","last_revision":"2023-09-29T23:13:13Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:43:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:19.950762","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Nadhifa Salsabila () atau yang akrab disapa Nadse (juga dikenal sebagai DJ NAD$, sebelumnya sebagai Nadse JKT48 (selama menjadi anggota JKT48)) adalah salah seorang penyanyi dan DJ Indonesia dan mantan anggota dari grup idola JKT48 Generasi ke-3. Nadse yang mempunyai postur 160 cm / 43 kg ini adalah keturunan dari mantan Wali kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat, Drs. Shaimoery, SH (periode 1971 - 1983). Klub sepak bola favorit Nadse adalah Real Madrid C.F.. Nadse juga pernah bergabung di sub-unit JKT48 Dance Project (sebagai seorang DJ) pada 11 September 2016.\n\nPada 16 Februari 2017, Nadse memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri dari JKT48, melalui situs resmi JKT48 diumumkan bersamaan dengan Chintya Wirawan.\n\nDalam \"Kokoro no Placard\" Iiwake Maybe Dalam \"Kaze wa Fuiteiru\" Wink wa Sankai Dalam \"Pareo wa Emerald\" Bara no kajitsu Kinou Yori Motto Suki Dalam \"Kibouteki Refrain\" Te wo Tsunaginagara Dalam \"Halloween Night\" Teppen Tottande! Dalam \"Beginner\" Suki! Suki! Skip! Dalam \"Mae Shika Mukanee\" Hashire! Penguin\n\n(Akun Utama) (Akun Kedua atau Akun Muslimah) {{PAGENAME}} di Wiki48\n\nNadse Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia Kategori:Joki cakram Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau Kategori:Arab-Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Padang Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Barat Nadse\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n|name = Nadhifa Salsabila
(DJ NAD$)\n|image = \n|image_size = \n|caption = \n|birth_name = Nadhifa Salsabila\n|other_names = {{hlist|Nadhifa|Nadse|DJ NAD$}}\n|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|3|7|mf=y}}\n|birth_place = [[Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]]\n|death_date = \n|death_place = \n|nationality = Indonesia\n|resting_place = \n|resting_place_coordinates = \n|occupation = {{hlist|[[Penyanyi]]|[[Penari]]|[[Disjoki|DJ]]}}\n|partner = \n|spouse = \n|children = \n|parents = \n|alma_mater = \n|religion = \n|website = \n|awards = Peringkat 32 ''(Undergirls)'' — [[Pemilihan Member Single ke-13 JKT48]] ([[2016]])\n|module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes\n|origin = [[Tangerang Selatan]], [[Banten]]\n|background = person\n|genre = [[Pop]]\n|instrument = [[Vokal]]\n|years_active = 2014–sekarang\n|label = {{hlist|JKT48 Project|[[Hits Records]] (sebagai studio)}}\n|associated_acts = {{hlist|[[JKT48]]|[[JKT48 Dance Project]]}}\n|current_members = \n|past_members = {{ubl|[[JKT48]] (2014–2017)|[[JKT48 Dance Project]] (2016–2017)}}\n}}}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nadhifa Salsabila () atau yang akrab disapa Nadse (juga dikenal sebagai DJ NAD$, sebelumnya sebagai Nadse JKT48 (selama menjadi anggota JKT48)) adalah salah seorang penyanyi dan DJ Indonesia dan mantan anggota dari grup idola JKT48 Generasi ke-3.","translated_text":"Nadhifa Salsabila (also known as DJ NAD$, formerly as Nadse JKT48) is an Indonesian singer and DJ and former member of the idol group JKT48 3rd Generation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nadse yang mempunyai postur 160 cm / 43 kg ini adalah keturunan dari mantan Wali kota Sawahlunto, Sumatera Barat, Drs. Shaimoery, SH (periode 1971 - 1983).","translated_text":"Nadse, who has a posture of 160 cm/43 kg, is a descendant of the former Mayor of Sawahlunto, West Sumatra, Drs. Shaimoery, SH (period 1971 - 1983).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Klub sepak bola favorit Nadse adalah Real Madrid C.F..","translated_text":"Nadse's favourite football club is Real Madrid C.F..","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Nadse juga pernah bergabung di sub-unit JKT48 Dance Project (sebagai seorang DJ) pada 11 September 2016.","translated_text":"Nadse also joined the JKT48 Dance Project sub-unit (as a DJ) on September 11, 2016.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada 16 Februari 2017, Nadse memutuskan untuk mengundurkan diri dari JKT48, melalui situs resmi JKT48 diumumkan bersamaan dengan Chintya Wirawan.","translated_text":"On 16 February 2017, Nadse decided to resign from JKT48, through the official website of JKT48 announced alongside Chintya Wirawan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Diskografi","translated_text":"Discography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam \"Kokoro no Placard\" Iiwake Maybe Dalam \"Kaze wa Fuiteiru\" Wink wa Sankai Dalam \"Pareo wa Emerald\" Bara no kajitsu Kinou Yori Motto Suki Dalam \"Kibouteki Refrain\" Te wo Tsunaginagara Dalam \"Halloween Night\" Teppen Tottande!","translated_text":"In \"Kokoro no Placard\" Iiwake Maybe In \"Kaze wa Fuiteiru\" Wink wa Sankai In \"Pareo wa Emerald\" Bara no kajitsu Kinou Yori Motto Suki In \"Kibouteki Refrain\" Te wo Tsunaginagara In \"Halloween Night\" Teppen Tottande!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam \"Beginner\" Suki!","translated_text":"In \"Beginner\" Suki!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Suki!","translated_text":"Suki! What are you doing?","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Skip!","translated_text":"Skip the ship!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam \"Mae Shika Mukanee\" Hashire!","translated_text":"In \"Mae Shika Mukanee\" by Hashire!","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penguin","translated_text":"Penguins","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pranala luar","translated_text":"External connections","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"(Akun Utama) (Akun Kedua atau Akun Muslimah) {{PAGENAME}} di Wiki48","translated_text":"(Main Account) (Second Account or Muslim Account) {{PAGENAME}} at Wiki48","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nadse Kategori:Penyanyi Indonesia Kategori:Joki cakram Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau Kategori:Arab-Indonesia Kategori:Tokoh dari Padang Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Barat Nadse","translated_text":"Nadse Category:Indonesian singers Category:Joki disks Category:Tokoh Minangkabau Category:Arab-Indonesian Category:Tokoh dari Padang Category:Tokoh Sumatera Barat Nadse","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Andreas (disambiguasi)","wikicode":"{{penghubung}}\n\n* Rasul '''[[Andreas]]'''\n* [[Andre Agassi]]\n* [[Andre Braugher]]\n* [[Andre Chiling]]\n* [[Andre Hardjana]]\n* [[Andre Hehanussa]]\n* [[Andre K. Geim]]\n* [[Andre Kurniawan Tedjono]]\n* [[Andre Manika]]\n* [[Andre Massena]]\n* [[Andre Rosiade]]\n* [[Andre Taulany]]\n* [[Andre Wisdom]]\n* [[Andrea Agnelli]]\n* [[Andrea Bargnani]]\n* [[Andrea Barzagli]]\n* [[Andrea Bertolacci]]\n* [[Andrea Bocelli]]\n* [[Andrea Bregno]]\n* [[Andrea Campagnolo]]\n* [[Andrea Casiraghi]]\n* [[Andrea Coda]]\n* [[Andrea Consigli]]\n* [[Andrea Cossu]]\n* [[Andrea Costa]]\n* [[Andrea de Cesaris]]\n* [[Andrea del Castagno]]\n* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]]\n* [[Andrea Dian]]\n* [[Andrea Dossena]]\n* [[Andrea Dovizioso]]\n* [[Andrea Hirata]]\n* [[Andrea Jaeger]]\n* [[Andrea Lazzari]]\n* [[Andrea Lee]]\n* [[Andrea Luchesi]]\n* [[Andrea Luci]]\n* [[Andrea Mandorlini]]\n* [[Andrea Mantegna]]\n* [[Andrea Mantovani]]\n* [[Andrea Orlandi]]\n* [[Andrea Petagna]]\n* [[Andrea Pirlo]]\n* [[Andrea Pisanu]]\n* [[Andrea Poli]]\n* [[Andrea Ranocchia]]\n* [[Andrea Stramaccioni]]\n* [[Andreano Phillip]]\n* [[Andreas Adityawarman]]\n* [[Andreas Avellino]]\n* [[Andreas Beck (pemain sepak bola)]]\n* [[Andreas Bjelland]]\n* [[Andreas Bobola]]\n* [[Andreas Cornelius]]\n* [[Andreas Corsini]]\n* [[Andreas Granqvist]]\n* [[Andreas Görlitz]]\n* [[Andreas Henrisusanta]]\n* [[Andreas Herzog]]\n* [[Andreas Hinkel]]\n* [[Andreas Hölzl]]\n* [[Andreas Isaksson]]\n* [[Andreas Ivanschitz]]\n* [[Andreas Köpke]]\n* [[Andreas Lambertz]]\n* [[Andreas Lasnik]]\n* [[Andreas Libavius]]\n* [[Andreas Möller]]\n* [[Andreas Ottl]]\n* [[Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol]]\n* [[Andreas Schicker]]\n* [[Andreas Schrott]]\n* [[Andreas Schön]]\n* [[Andreas Soeratman]]\n* [[Andreas Vesalius]]\n* [[Andreas Victor Michiels]]\n* [[Andreas Weimann]]\n* [[Andreas, Pangeran Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha]]\n* [[Andrei Adistia]]\n* [[Andrei Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov]]\n* [[Andrei Aleksandrovich Romanov]]\n* [[Andrei Arlashin]]\n* [[Andrei Arshavin]]\n* [[Andrei Budeyev]]\n* [[Andrei Chichkin]]\n* [[Andrei Chikatilo]]\n* [[Andrei Chikunov]]\n* [[Andrei Dmitriyevich Karasyov]]\n* [[Andrei Galin]]\n* [[Andrei Gennadyevich Sidelnikov]]\n* [[Andrei Idrisov]]\n* [[Andrei Iordan]]\n* [[Andrei Khripkov]]\n* [[Andrei Kochetkov]]\n* [[Andrei Kurasov]]\n* [[Andrei Lunev]]\n* [[Andrei Lyakh]]\n* [[Andrei Lyapchev]]\n* [[Andrei Markov]]\n* [[Andrei Nesterenko]]\n* [[Andrei Pyrkin]]\n* [[Andrei Sakharov]]\n* [[Andrei Savchenko]]\n* [[Andrei Shiryayev]]\n* [[Andrei Shreiner]]\n* [[Andrei Surovtsev]]\n* [[Andrei Vladimirovich Ivanov]]\n* [[Andrei Vladimirovich Kozlov]]\n* [[Andrei Vladimirovich Kravchenko]]\n* [[Andrei Yevgenyevich Smirnov]]\n* [[Andrei Yuryevich Kiselyov]]\n* [[Andrej Rendla]]\n* [[Andres Oper]]\n* [[Andreu Fontàs]]\n* [[Andrew Adamson]]\n* [[Andrew Andika]]\n* [[Andrew Barisic]]\n* [[Andrew Beal]]\n* [[Andrew Card]]\n* [[Andrew Cole]]\n* [[Andrew Crofts (pemain sepak bola)]]\n* [[Andrew dari York]]\n* [[Andrew Darwis]]\n* [[Andrew Fisher]]\n* [[Andrew Garcia]]\n* [[Andrew Garfield]]\n* [[Andrew Graham]]\n* [[Andrew Huxley]]\n* [[Andrew Jackson]]\n* [[Andrew Johnson]]\n* [[Andrew Johnson (pemain sepak bola Inggris)]]\n* [[Andrew Kaeokulani Kawananakoa]]\n* [[Andrew Kim Taegon]]\n* [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]\n* [[Andrew McCarthy]]\n* [[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]]\n* [[Andrew Surman]]\n* [[Andrew Taylor]]\n* [[Andrew V. Schally]]\n* [[Andrew Vachss]]\n* [[Andrew White]]\n* [[Andrew Wiles]]\n* [[Andrey Blyndu]]\n* [[Andrey Korotayev]]\n* [[Andrey Yeliseyev]]\n* [[Andriy Husin]]\n* [[Andriy Parubiy]]\n* [[Andriy Pyatov]]\n* [[Andriy Shevchenko]]\n* [[Andriy Voronin]]\n* [[Andriy Yarmolenko]]\n* [[Andry Rajoelina]]\n* [[Andry W. Bastam]]\n* [[Andryos Aryanto]]\n* [[André Almeida]]\n* [[André Ayew]]\n* [[André Bernardes Santos]]\n* [[André Biyogo Poko]]\n* [[André Boerstra]]\n* [[André Buengo]]\n* [[André Clot]]\n* [[André Dias]]\n* [[André F. Cournand]]\n* [[André Fomitschow]]\n* [[André Franquin]]\n* [[André Gide]]\n* [[André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans]]\n* [[André Lotterer]]\n* [[André Luiz Silva do Nascimento]]\n* [[André Lwoff]]\n* [[André Marie Constant Duméril]]\n* [[André Ooijer]]\n* [[André Santos]]\n* [[André Schürrle]]\n* [[André Soeperman]]\n* [[André Tanneberger]]\n* [[André Trocmé]]\n* [[André Villas-Boas]]\n* [[André Weis]]\n* [[André-Jacques Garnerin]]\n* [[André-Marie Ampère]]\n* [[André-Pierre Gignac]]\n* [[Andrés Avelino Cáceres]]\n* [[Andrés D'Alessandro]]\n* [[Andrés Fernández Moreno]]\n* [[Andrés Guardado]]\n* [[Andrés Iniesta Luján]]\n* [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]]\n* [[Andrés Palop]]\n* [[Andrés Scotti]]\n* [[Andrés Segovia]]\n* [[Andrés Túñez]]\n* [[Andrés Zaldívar]]\n\n{{lihat pula disambig|Andreas}}\n{{disambig nama}}","hash":"3c771528fd9fdd03f4a20176b1a7c263b4a7c3269357cd1f982bf383ebb5d8d6","last_revision":"2022-09-09T04:13:39Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:46:36Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.012897","cross_lingual_links":{"ca":"Andreu (desambiguació)","ceb":"Andreas","de":"Andreas (Begriffsklärung)","en":"Andreas (disambiguation)","es":"Andreas","fr":"Andreas (homonymie)","he":"אנדראס","it":"Andreas","ko":"안드레아스","la":"Andreas","nds":"Andreas","nl":"Andreas","ru":"Андреас","sv":"Andreas (olika betydelser)"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Rasul Andreas Andre Agassi Andre Braugher Andre Chiling Andre Hardjana Andre Hehanussa Andre K. Geim Andre Kurniawan Tedjono Andre Manika Andre Massena Andre Rosiade Andre Taulany Andre Wisdom Andrea Agnelli Andrea Bargnani Andrea Barzagli Andrea Bertolacci Andrea Bocelli Andrea Bregno Andrea Campagnolo Andrea Casiraghi Andrea Coda Andrea Consigli Andrea Cossu Andrea Costa Andrea de Cesaris Andrea del Castagno Andrea del Verrocchio Andrea Dian Andrea Dossena Andrea Dovizioso Andrea Hirata Andrea Jaeger Andrea Lazzari Andrea Lee Andrea Luchesi Andrea Luci Andrea Mandorlini Andrea Mantegna Andrea Mantovani Andrea Orlandi Andrea Petagna Andrea Pirlo Andrea Pisanu Andrea Poli Andrea Ranocchia Andrea Stramaccioni Andreano Phillip Andreas Adityawarman Andreas Avellino Andreas Beck (pemain sepak bola) Andreas Bjelland Andreas Bobola Andreas Cornelius Andreas Corsini Andreas Granqvist Andreas Görlitz Andreas Henrisusanta Andreas Herzog Andreas Hinkel Andreas Hölzl Andreas Isaksson Andreas Ivanschitz Andreas Köpke Andreas Lambertz Andreas Lasnik Andreas Libavius Andreas Möller Andreas Ottl Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol Andreas Schicker Andreas Schrott Andreas Schön Andreas Soeratman Andreas Vesalius Andreas Victor Michiels Andreas Weimann Andreas, Pangeran Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha Andrei Adistia Andrei Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov Andrei Aleksandrovich Romanov Andrei Arlashin Andrei Arshavin Andrei Budeyev Andrei Chichkin Andrei Chikatilo Andrei Chikunov Andrei Dmitriyevich Karasyov Andrei Galin Andrei Gennadyevich Sidelnikov Andrei Idrisov Andrei Iordan Andrei Khripkov Andrei Kochetkov Andrei Kurasov Andrei Lunev Andrei Lyakh Andrei Lyapchev Andrei Markov Andrei Nesterenko Andrei Pyrkin Andrei Sakharov Andrei Savchenko Andrei Shiryayev Andrei Shreiner Andrei Surovtsev Andrei Vladimirovich Ivanov Andrei Vladimirovich Kozlov Andrei Vladimirovich Kravchenko Andrei Yevgenyevich Smirnov Andrei Yuryevich Kiselyov Andrej Rendla Andres Oper Andreu Fontàs Andrew Adamson Andrew Andika Andrew Barisic Andrew Beal Andrew Card Andrew Cole Andrew Crofts (pemain sepak bola) Andrew dari York Andrew Darwis Andrew Fisher Andrew Garcia Andrew Garfield Andrew Graham Andrew Huxley Andrew Jackson Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (pemain sepak bola Inggris) Andrew Kaeokulani Kawananakoa Andrew Kim Taegon Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew McCarthy Andrew S. Tanenbaum Andrew Surman Andrew Taylor Andrew V. Schally Andrew Vachss Andrew White Andrew Wiles Andrey Blyndu Andrey Korotayev Andrey Yeliseyev Andriy Husin Andriy Parubiy Andriy Pyatov Andriy Shevchenko Andriy Voronin Andriy Yarmolenko Andry Rajoelina Andry W. Bastam Andryos Aryanto André Almeida André Ayew André Bernardes Santos André Biyogo Poko André Boerstra André Buengo André Clot André Dias André F. Cournand André Fomitschow André Franquin André Gide André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans André Lotterer André Luiz Silva do Nascimento André Lwoff André Marie Constant Duméril André Ooijer André Santos André Schürrle André Soeperman André Tanneberger André Trocmé André Villas-Boas André Weis André-Jacques Garnerin André-Marie Ampère André-Pierre Gignac Andrés Avelino Cáceres Andrés D'Alessandro Andrés Fernández Moreno Andrés Guardado Andrés Iniesta Luján Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Palop Andrés Scotti Andrés Segovia Andrés Túñez Andrés Zaldívar\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Rasul Andreas Andre Agassi Andre Braugher Andre Chiling Andre Hardjana Andre Hehanussa Andre K. Geim Andre Kurniawan Tedjono Andre Manika Andre Massena Andre Rosiade Andre Taulany Andre Wisdom Andrea Agnelli Andrea Bargnani Andrea Barzagli Andrea Bertolacci Andrea Bocelli Andrea Bregno Andrea Campagnolo Andrea Casiraghi Andrea Coda Andrea Consigli Andrea Cossu Andrea Costa Andrea de Cesaris Andrea del Castagno Andrea del Verrocchio Andrea Dian Andrea Dossena Andrea Dovizioso Andrea Hirata Andrea Jaeger Andrea Lazzari Andrea Lee Andrea Luchesi Andrea Luci Andrea Mandorlini Andrea Mantegna Andrea Mantovani Andrea Orlandi Andrea Petagna Andrea Pirlo Andrea Pisanu Andrea Poli Andrea Ranocchia Andrea Stramaccioni Andreano Phillip Andreas Adityawarman Andreas Avellino Andreas Beck (pemain sepak bola) Andreas Bjelland Andreas Bobola Andreas Cornelius Andreas Corsini Andreas Granqvist Andreas Görlitz Andreas Henrisusanta Andreas Herzog Andreas Hinkel Andreas Hölzl Andreas Isaksson Andreas Ivanschitz Andreas Köpke Andreas Lambertz Andreas Lasnik Andreas Libavius Andreas Möller Andreas Ottl Andreas Peter Cornelius Sol Andreas Schicker Andreas Schrott Andreas Schön Andreas Soeratman Andreas Vesalius Andreas Victor Michiels Andreas Weimann Andreas, Pangeran Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha Andrei Adistia Andrei Aleksandrovich Kuznetsov Andrei Aleksandrovich Romanov Andrei Arlashin Andrei Arshavin Andrei Budeyev Andrei Chichkin Andrei Chikatilo Andrei Chikunov Andrei Dmitriyevich Karasyov Andrei Galin Andrei Gennadyevich Sidelnikov Andrei Idrisov Andrei Iordan Andrei Khripkov Andrei Kochetkov Andrei Kurasov Andrei Lunev Andrei Lyakh Andrei Lyapchev Andrei Markov Andrei Nesterenko Andrei Pyrkin Andrei Sakharov Andrei Savchenko Andrei Shiryayev Andrei Shreiner Andrei Surovtsev Andrei Vladimirovich Ivanov Andrei Vladimirovich Kozlov Andrei Vladimirovich Kravchenko Andrei Yevgenyevich Smirnov Andrei Yuryevich Kiselyov Andrej Rendla Andres Oper Andreu Fontàs Andrew Adamson Andrew Andika Andrew Barisic Andrew Beal Andrew Card Andrew Cole Andrew Crofts (pemain sepak bola) Andrew dari York Andrew Darwis Andrew Fisher Andrew Garcia Andrew Garfield Andrew Graham Andrew Huxley Andrew Jackson Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson (pemain sepak bola Inggris)","translated_text":"Andrew Andre Agassi Andre Braugher Andre Chiling Andre Hardjana Andre Hehanussa Andre K. Geim Andre Kurniawan Tedjono Andrea Dossena Andrea Dovizioso Andrea Hirata Andre Andre Manika Andre Massena Andre Rosiade Andre Taulany Andre Wisdom Andrea Agnelli Andrea Barzagli Andrea Bertolacci Andrea Bocelli Andrea Bregno Andrea Campagnolo Andrea Casiraghi Andrea Coda Andrea Consigli Andrea Cossu Andrea Costa Andrea de Andaris Andaris Andaris Andaris Andaris Andaris Andaris Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries Andries","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Andrew Kaeokulani Kawananakoa Andrew Kim Taegon Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew McCarthy Andrew S. Tanenbaum Andrew Surman Andrew Taylor Andrew V. Schally Andrew Vachss Andrew White Andrew Wiles Andrey Blyndu Andrey Korotayev Andrey Yeliseyev Andriy Husin Andriy Parubiy Andriy Pyatov Andriy Shevchenko Andriy Voronin Andriy Yarmolenko Andry Rajoelina Andry W. Bastam Andryos Aryanto André Almeida André Ayew André Bernardes Santos André Biyogo Poko André Boerstra André Buengo André Clot André Dias André F. Cournand André Fomitschow André Franquin André Gide André Joseph Guillaume Henri Kostermans André Lotterer André Luiz Silva do Nascimento André Lwoff André Marie Constant Duméril André Ooijer André Santos André Schürrle André Soeperman André Tanneberger André Trocmé André Villas-Boas André Weis André-Jacques Garnerin André-Marie Ampère André-Pierre Gignac Andrés Avelino Cáceres Andrés D'Alessandro Andrés Fernández Moreno Andrés Guardado Andrés Iniesta Luján Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Palop Andrés Scotti Andrés Segovia Andrés Túñez Andrés Zaldívar","translated_text":"Andrew Kaeokulani Kawananakoa Andrew Kim Taegon Andrew Lloyd Webber Andrew McCarthy Andrew S. Tanenbaum Andrew Surman Andrew Taylor Andrew V. Schally Andrew Vachss Andrew White Andrew Wiles Andrey Blyndu Andrey Korotayev Andrey Yeliseyev Andriy Husin Andriy Parubiy Andriy Pyatov Andriy Shevchenko Andriy Voronin Andry Rajoelina Andry W. Bastam Andryos Aryanto André Almeida André Ayew André Bernardes André Biyogo Poko André Boerstra André Bu André Clot André Dias André F. Cournand André Fomitschow André Franquin André André André André André Joseph Guillaume Kosterman and André Luiz Silva do Nascimento Lovian André Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés Andrés And","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Mbaba Belo Selambar","wikicode":"'''Mbaba Belo Selambar '''yang berarti 'membawa sirih selembar\" adalah salah satu ritual sebelum pernikahan dalam [[suku Karo]].{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc. Ritual ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian ritus [[Pernikahan adat Karo]]. Ritual ini dilaksanakan baik oleh pihak perempuan, maupun pihak laki-laki.\n\n== Tentang Mbaba Belo Selambar ==\n\nDalam [[suku Karo]], ritual pernikahan diawali dengan ''masa peminangan''. Masa ini dalam [[bahasa Karo]] disebut ''mbaba belo selambar''. Dalam ritual ini pula, peran laki-laki lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan perempuan. ''Maba belo selambar'' merupakan suatu ritual meminang seorang gadis. Peminangan ini dilakukan oleh keluarga dari pihak laki-laki. Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya. Keluarga yang dimaksud tidak hanya orangtuanya, tetapi juga [[sembuyak]], [[anak beru]], [[singalo bere-bere]], dan [[kalimbubu]]. Pada zaman dahulu acara mbaba belo selambar biasanya dilakasanakan pada malam hari setelah makan malam selesai.\n\nDalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut.{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo. Pihak yang harus hadir adalah laki-laki yang melamar, orang tua laki-laki, [[sembuyak]], [[senina sikaku ranan]], [[kalimbubu singalo ulu emas]], dan [[anak beru]]. Sedangkan bagi pihak perempuan, yang harus hadir adalah gadis yang dilamar, orang tua, [[sembuyak]], [[senina sikaku ranan]], [[kalimbubu singalo bere-bere]], [[singalo perbibin]], dan [[anak beru]].\n\n== Tata Cara Mbaba Belo Selambar ==\n\nMbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan ''kampil persentabin'' oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar).{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun. Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut. Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih. Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan. Satu kampil lainnya diberikan kepada ''[[kalimbubu singalo ulu emas]]''. Ritus Mbaba Belo Selambar dapat dikatakan selesai apabila sudah ada kesepakatan dan kesediaan dari pihak perempuan terhadap lamaran yang telah diberikan oleh pihak laki-laki. Lalu, di dalam ritus ini dilakukan ''ersinget-singet''. Dalam ''ersinget-singet'', kedua belah pihak membicarakan hal-hal berikut berikut.\n\n* ''Gantang Tumba'' atau ''unjuken'' (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah:\n** ''Gantang Tumba'' atau ''unjuken''.\n** ''Rudang-Rudang''.\n** ''Senina Sinaku Ranan''.{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.\n\n* Penyerahan kepada [[kalimbubu]] tiga serangkai (''telu sada dalanen''), berupa:\n** ''Bere-bere''.\n** ''Perkempun''.\n** ''Perbibin''.\n\n* Penyerahan kepada [[Anak Beru]], yakni ''perkamben''.\n\n* Penyerahan ''ulu emas'' kepada ''[[kalimbubu]] singalo ulu emas''.\n\n* Hari pelaksanaan pesta pernikahan.\n\n\n\n* Pertemuan antara pengantin dengan orang tua.\n\n* Acara pesta.\n\n* Tentang acara ''[[landek]]''.\n\n* Tentang undangan.\n\nSetelah ''ersinget-singet'' selesai dibicarakan, maka selanjutnya akan diadakan kesepakatan bersama dengan cara melakukan ''sijalapen'' ( baisanya dengan keluarga dekat), yang terdiri dari:\n* Siapa yang akan menikah (''si empo'' atau ''si sereh'').\n* Orang tua (''simupus'').\n* ''Sembuyak''. ''Senina ku ranan''.\n* ''Anak beru tua''.\n* ''Anak beru cekoh baka tutup''.\n* ''Anak beru menteri''.\n\nSetelah acara ''sijalapen'' selesai, [[anak beru]] pihak laki-laki menyerahkan ''pundun'' dan ''penindih pudun''.{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. Pundun dan penindih pundun adalah [[daun nipah]] yang diikat. Kedua benda ini adalah tanda kesepakatan yang telah tercapai. Kedua benda ini diberikan kepada pihak perempuan sebanyak lima buah. Isi dari ini kedua benda ini merupakan tentang pelaksanaan ''nganting manuk''.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n[[Kategori:Budaya Karo]]","hash":"68a1b9c5794decec26be7f4d9ad3452d743db2258be378bdd4f07e19be2741bf","last_revision":"2023-09-14T02:46:34Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T06:50:09Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.071861","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"مبابا بيلو سيلامبار","en":"Mbaba belo selambar"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar yang berarti 'membawa sirih selembar\" adalah salah satu ritual sebelum pernikahan dalam suku Karo. Ritual ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian ritus Pernikahan adat Karo. Ritual ini dilaksanakan baik oleh pihak perempuan, maupun pihak laki-laki.\n\nDalam suku Karo, ritual pernikahan diawali dengan masa peminangan. Masa ini dalam bahasa Karo disebut mbaba belo selambar. Dalam ritual ini pula, peran laki-laki lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Maba belo selambar merupakan suatu ritual meminang seorang gadis. Peminangan ini dilakukan oleh keluarga dari pihak laki-laki. Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya. Keluarga yang dimaksud tidak hanya orangtuanya, tetapi juga sembuyak, anak beru, singalo bere-bere, dan kalimbubu. Pada zaman dahulu acara mbaba belo selambar biasanya dilakasanakan pada malam hari setelah makan malam selesai.\n\nDalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut. Pihak yang harus hadir adalah laki-laki yang melamar, orang tua laki-laki, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas, dan anak beru. Sedangkan bagi pihak perempuan, yang harus hadir adalah gadis yang dilamar, orang tua, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo bere-bere, singalo perbibin, dan anak beru.\n\nMbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan kampil persentabin oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar). Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut. Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih. Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan. Satu kampil lainnya diberikan kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas. Ritus Mbaba Belo Selambar dapat dikatakan selesai apabila sudah ada kesepakatan dan kesediaan dari pihak perempuan terhadap lamaran yang telah diberikan oleh pihak laki-laki. Lalu, di dalam ritus ini dilakukan ersinget-singet. Dalam ersinget-singet, kedua belah pihak membicarakan hal-hal berikut berikut.\n\nGantang Tumba atau unjuken (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah: Gantang Tumba atau unjuken. Rudang-Rudang. Senina Sinaku Ranan.\n\nPenyerahan kepada kalimbubu tiga serangkai (telu sada dalanen), berupa: Bere-bere. Perkempun. Perbibin.\n\nPenyerahan kepada Anak Beru, yakni perkamben.\n\nPenyerahan ulu emas kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas.\n\nHari pelaksanaan pesta pernikahan.\n\nPertemuan antara pengantin dengan orang tua.\n\nAcara pesta.\n\nTentang acara landek.\n\nTentang undangan.\n\nSetelah ersinget-singet selesai dibicarakan, maka selanjutnya akan diadakan kesepakatan bersama dengan cara melakukan sijalapen ( baisanya dengan keluarga dekat), yang terdiri dari: Siapa yang akan menikah (si empo atau si sereh). Orang tua (simupus). Sembuyak. Senina ku ranan. Anak beru tua. Anak beru cekoh baka tutup. Anak beru menteri.\n\nSetelah acara sijalapen selesai, anak beru pihak laki-laki menyerahkan pundun dan penindih pudun. Pundun dan penindih pundun adalah daun nipah yang diikat. Kedua benda ini adalah tanda kesepakatan yang telah tercapai. Kedua benda ini diberikan kepada pihak perempuan sebanyak lima buah. Isi dari ini kedua benda ini merupakan tentang pelaksanaan nganting manuk.\n\nKategori:Budaya Karo\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar yang berarti 'membawa sirih selembar\" adalah salah satu ritual sebelum pernikahan dalam suku Karo.","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar meaning 'carrying selembar silk' is one of the pre-wedding rituals in the Karo tribe.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":118,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ritual ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian ritus Pernikahan adat Karo.","translated_text":"This ritual is part of a series of traditional Karo wedding rites.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":70,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ritual ini dilaksanakan baik oleh pihak perempuan, maupun pihak laki-laki.","translated_text":"This ritual is performed by both women and men.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":74,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tentang Mbaba Belo Selambar","translated_text":"About the Mbaba Belo Selambar","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam suku Karo, ritual pernikahan diawali dengan masa peminangan.","translated_text":"In the Karo tribe, marriage rituals began with the period of wedlock.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":66,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Masa ini dalam bahasa Karo disebut mbaba belo selambar.","translated_text":"This time in Karo is called the submerged velvet mbaba.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":55,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam ritual ini pula, peran laki-laki lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan perempuan.","translated_text":"In this ritual, too, the male role is more dominant than the female.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":83,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Maba belo selambar merupakan suatu ritual meminang seorang gadis.","translated_text":"Baaba velbar is a ritual of minting a girl.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":65,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peminangan ini dilakukan oleh keluarga dari pihak laki-laki.","translated_text":"This marriage is performed by the family on the male side.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":60,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya.","translated_text":"This bet was made to question the willingness of the girl and her family.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":88,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Keluarga yang dimaksud tidak hanya orangtuanya, tetapi juga sembuyak, anak beru, singalo bere-bere, dan kalimbubu.","translated_text":"The family involved not only the parents but also the foxes, cubs, wild lions, and turkeys.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":114,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada zaman dahulu acara mbaba belo selambar biasanya dilakasanakan pada malam hari setelah makan malam selesai.","translated_text":"In ancient times, the feast of the salutation of the veil was usually held in the evening after supper.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":111,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut.","translated_text":"In the event of Mbaba Belo Selambar, both men and women must be attended by several parties who are obliged to attend the ritual.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":150,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pihak yang harus hadir adalah laki-laki yang melamar, orang tua laki-laki, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas, dan anak beru.","translated_text":"The candidate must be a man, a father, a father, a father, a son-in-law, a golden-haired lion and a bear.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":148,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sedangkan bagi pihak perempuan, yang harus hadir adalah gadis yang dilamar, orang tua, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo bere-bere, singalo perbibin, dan anak beru.","translated_text":"And as for the women, they shall be the bride, and the father, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-in-law.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":179,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tata Cara Mbaba Belo Selambar","translated_text":"How to Get Belo Selambar","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan kampil persentabin oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar).","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar was started with the submission of a percentage of the staff by the male (applicant).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":96,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut.","translated_text":"This guy's got to get the six horns ready.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":63,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih.","translated_text":"The contents of the campfire are cigarettes and snacks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":55,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan.","translated_text":"The five baths that had been provided by the men were given to the women.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":84,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Satu kampil lainnya diberikan kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas.","translated_text":"Another spoon was given to the golden-headed caterpillar.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":64,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ritus Mbaba Belo Selambar dapat dikatakan selesai apabila sudah ada kesepakatan dan kesediaan dari pihak perempuan terhadap lamaran yang telah diberikan oleh pihak laki-laki.","translated_text":"The Ritual of Mbaba Belo Selambar can be said to be completed when there is already agreement and willingness on the part of women to the application given by the part of men.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":174,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu, di dalam ritus ini dilakukan ersinget-singet.","translated_text":"Then, in this ritual, there is a special exchange.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam ersinget-singet, kedua belah pihak membicarakan hal-hal berikut berikut.","translated_text":"In brief, the parties discussed the following:","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":78,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Gantang Tumba atau unjuken (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah: Gantang Tumba atau unjuken.","translated_text":"The Tumba challenge (or rice place) handed over to the family by the woman is: Tumba challenge (or rice place).","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":129,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rudang-Rudang.","translated_text":"It's a whirlwind.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":14,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Senina Sinaku Ranan.","translated_text":"The art of Sinaku Ranan.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. 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''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":230,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Orang tua (simupus).","translated_text":"The parents.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. 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''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":16,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak beru tua.","translated_text":"The old bear.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":14,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anak beru cekoh baka tutup.","translated_text":"The teddy bear is closing.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. 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''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":18,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Setelah acara sijalapen selesai, anak beru pihak laki-laki menyerahkan pundun dan penindih pudun.","translated_text":"At the end of the feast, the male bear handed over the pony and the ponytail.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":97,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pundun dan penindih pundun adalah daun nipah yang diikat.","translated_text":"The pillows and pillows are binding leaflets.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":57,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kedua benda ini adalah tanda kesepakatan yang telah tercapai.","translated_text":"These two things are signs of a deal that has been reached.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. 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''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":118,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar yang berarti 'membawa sirih selembar\" adalah salah satu ritual sebelum pernikahan dalam suku Karo. Ritual ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian ritus Pernikahan adat Karo.","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar meaning 'carrying selembar silk' is one of the pre-wedding rituals in the Karo tribe. This ritual is part of a series of traditional Karo wedding rites.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":189,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar yang berarti 'membawa sirih selembar\" adalah salah satu ritual sebelum pernikahan dalam suku Karo. Ritual ini merupakan bagian dari rangkaian ritus Pernikahan adat Karo. Ritual ini dilaksanakan baik oleh pihak perempuan, maupun pihak laki-laki.","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar meaning 'carrying selembar silk' is one of the pre-wedding rituals in the Karo tribe. This ritual is part of a series of traditional Karo wedding rites. This ritual is performed by both women and men.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":264,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam suku Karo, ritual pernikahan diawali dengan masa peminangan.","translated_text":"In the Karo tribe, marriage rituals began with the period of wedlock.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":66,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam suku Karo, ritual pernikahan diawali dengan masa peminangan. Masa ini dalam bahasa Karo disebut mbaba belo selambar.","translated_text":"In the Karo tribe, marriage rituals began with the period of wedlock. This time in Karo is called the submerged velvet mbaba.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. 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''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":210,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Maba belo selambar merupakan suatu ritual meminang seorang gadis. Peminangan ini dilakukan oleh keluarga dari pihak laki-laki. Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya.","translated_text":"Baaba velbar is a ritual of minting a girl. This marriage is performed by the family on the male side. This bet was made to question the willingness of the girl and her family.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":215,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Peminangan ini dilakukan oleh keluarga dari pihak laki-laki. Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya. Keluarga yang dimaksud tidak hanya orangtuanya, tetapi juga sembuyak, anak beru, singalo bere-bere, dan kalimbubu.","translated_text":"This marriage is performed by the family on the male side. This bet was made to question the willingness of the girl and her family. The family involved not only the parents but also the foxes, cubs, wild lions, and turkeys.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":264,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Peminangan ini dilakukan untuk menanyakan kesediaan dari gadis tersebut dan keluarganya. Keluarga yang dimaksud tidak hanya orangtuanya, tetapi juga sembuyak, anak beru, singalo bere-bere, dan kalimbubu. Pada zaman dahulu acara mbaba belo selambar biasanya dilakasanakan pada malam hari setelah makan malam selesai.","translated_text":"This bet was made to question the willingness of the girl and her family. The family involved not only the parents but also the foxes, cubs, wild lions, and turkeys. In ancient times, the feast of the salutation of the veil was usually held in the evening after supper.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Tridah. 1986. ''Adat dan Upacara Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Karo''.Jakarta: Kesaint Blanc.","char_index":315,"name":"Bangun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut.","translated_text":"In the event of Mbaba Belo Selambar, both men and women must be attended by several parties who are obliged to attend the ritual.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":150,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut. Pihak yang harus hadir adalah laki-laki yang melamar, orang tua laki-laki, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas, dan anak beru.","translated_text":"In the event of Mbaba Belo Selambar, both men and women must be attended by several parties who are obliged to attend the ritual. The candidate must be a man, a father, a father, a father, a son-in-law, a golden-haired lion and a bear.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":299,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam acara Mbaba Belo Selambar, dari pihak laki-laki maupun perempuan harus dihadiri oleh beberapa pihak yang wajib untuk menghadiri ritual tersebut. Pihak yang harus hadir adalah laki-laki yang melamar, orang tua laki-laki, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas, dan anak beru. Sedangkan bagi pihak perempuan, yang harus hadir adalah gadis yang dilamar, orang tua, sembuyak, senina sikaku ranan, kalimbubu singalo bere-bere, singalo perbibin, dan anak beru.","translated_text":"In the event of Mbaba Belo Selambar, both men and women must be attended by several parties who are obliged to attend the ritual. The candidate must be a man, a father, a father, a father, a son-in-law, a golden-haired lion and a bear. And as for the women, they shall be the bride, and the father, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the mother-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-law, and the father-in-in-law.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":479,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan kampil persentabin oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar).","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar was started with the submission of a percentage of the staff by the male (applicant).","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":96,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan kampil persentabin oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar). Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut.","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar was started with the submission of a percentage of the staff by the male (applicant). This guy's got to get the six horns ready.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":160,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar diawali dengan penyerahan kampil persentabin oleh pihak laki-laki (pelamar). Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut. Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih.","translated_text":"Mbaba Belo Selambar was started with the submission of a percentage of the staff by the male (applicant). This guy's got to get the six horns ready. The contents of the campfire are cigarettes and snacks.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":216,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pihak laki-laki ini harus menyiapkan enam buah kampil tersebut. Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih. Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan.","translated_text":"This guy's got to get the six horns ready. The contents of the campfire are cigarettes and snacks. The five baths that had been provided by the men were given to the women.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":204,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Isi dari kampil adalah rokok dan peralatan makan sirih. Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan. Satu kampil lainnya diberikan kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas.","translated_text":"The contents of the campfire are cigarettes and snacks. The five baths that had been provided by the men were given to the women. Another spoon was given to the golden-headed caterpillar.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":205,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lima kampil yang telah disediakan pihak laki-laki diserahkan kepada pihak perempuan. Satu kampil lainnya diberikan kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas. Ritus Mbaba Belo Selambar dapat dikatakan selesai apabila sudah ada kesepakatan dan kesediaan dari pihak perempuan terhadap lamaran yang telah diberikan oleh pihak laki-laki.","translated_text":"The five baths that had been provided by the men were given to the women. Another spoon was given to the golden-headed caterpillar. The Ritual of Mbaba Belo Selambar can be said to be completed when there is already agreement and willingness on the part of women to the application given by the part of men.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":324,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ritus Mbaba Belo Selambar dapat dikatakan selesai apabila sudah ada kesepakatan dan kesediaan dari pihak perempuan terhadap lamaran yang telah diberikan oleh pihak laki-laki. Lalu, di dalam ritus ini dilakukan ersinget-singet. Dalam ersinget-singet, kedua belah pihak membicarakan hal-hal berikut berikut.","translated_text":"The Ritual of Mbaba Belo Selambar can be said to be completed when there is already agreement and willingness on the part of women to the application given by the part of men. Then, in this ritual, there is a special exchange. In brief, the parties discussed the following:","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":305,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gantang Tumba atau unjuken (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah: Gantang Tumba atau unjuken.","translated_text":"The Tumba challenge (or rice place) handed over to the family by the woman is: Tumba challenge (or rice place).","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":129,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gantang Tumba atau unjuken (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah: Gantang Tumba atau unjuken. Rudang-Rudang.","translated_text":"The Tumba challenge (or rice place) handed over to the family by the woman is: Tumba challenge (or rice place). It's a whirlwind.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":144,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Gantang Tumba atau unjuken (Tempat nasi) yang diserahkan kepada keluarga dari pihak perempuan adalah: Gantang Tumba atau unjuken. Rudang-Rudang. Senina Sinaku Ranan.","translated_text":"The Tumba challenge (or rice place) handed over to the family by the woman is: Tumba challenge (or rice place). It's a whirlwind. The art of Sinaku Ranan.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":165,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyerahan kepada kalimbubu tiga serangkai (telu sada dalanen), berupa: Bere-bere.","translated_text":"Surrender to the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of Judah.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":71,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":82,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyerahan kepada kalimbubu tiga serangkai (telu sada dalanen), berupa: Bere-bere. Perkempun.","translated_text":"Surrender to the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of Judah. Pack it up.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":93,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyerahan kepada kalimbubu tiga serangkai (telu sada dalanen), berupa: Bere-bere. Perkempun. Perbibin.","translated_text":"Surrender to the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of the tribe of Judah. Pack it up. My wife.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":103,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyerahan kepada Anak Beru, yakni perkamben.","translated_text":"Surrendering to the Berry-bearer.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":45,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penyerahan ulu emas kepada kalimbubu singalo ulu emas.","translated_text":"The surrender of the golden-headed lion to the golden-headed caterpillar.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":54,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Hari pelaksanaan pesta pernikahan.","translated_text":"The day of the wedding ceremony.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":34,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pertemuan antara pengantin dengan orang tua.","translated_text":"A meeting between the bride and the groom.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":44,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Acara pesta.","translated_text":"It's a party.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":12,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tentang acara landek.","translated_text":"It's about the landing party.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":21,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tentang undangan.","translated_text":"It's about the invitation.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":17,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah ersinget-singet selesai dibicarakan, maka selanjutnya akan diadakan kesepakatan bersama dengan cara melakukan sijalapen ( baisanya dengan keluarga dekat), yang terdiri dari: Siapa yang akan menikah (si empo atau si sereh).","translated_text":"After a brief discussion is completed, an agreement will be made on how to get married (usually with a close family), consisting of:","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":181,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":230,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah ersinget-singet selesai dibicarakan, maka selanjutnya akan diadakan kesepakatan bersama dengan cara melakukan sijalapen ( baisanya dengan keluarga dekat), yang terdiri dari: Siapa yang akan menikah (si empo atau si sereh). Orang tua (simupus).","translated_text":"After a brief discussion is completed, an agreement will be made on how to get married (usually with a close family), consisting of: The parents.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":251,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah ersinget-singet selesai dibicarakan, maka selanjutnya akan diadakan kesepakatan bersama dengan cara melakukan sijalapen ( baisanya dengan keluarga dekat), yang terdiri dari: Siapa yang akan menikah (si empo atau si sereh). Orang tua (simupus). Sembuyak.","translated_text":"After a brief discussion is completed, an agreement will be made on how to get married (usually with a close family), consisting of: The parents. It's all right.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":261,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Orang tua (simupus). Sembuyak. Senina ku ranan.","translated_text":"The parents. It's all right. My art is full of crap.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":47,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sembuyak. Senina ku ranan. Anak beru tua.","translated_text":"It's all right. My art is full of crap. The old bear.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":41,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Senina ku ranan. Anak beru tua. Anak beru cekoh baka tutup.","translated_text":"My art is full of crap. The old bear. The teddy bear is closing.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":59,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Anak beru tua. Anak beru cekoh baka tutup. Anak beru menteri.","translated_text":"The old bear. The teddy bear is closing. The bear son of a minister.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":61,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah acara sijalapen selesai, anak beru pihak laki-laki menyerahkan pundun dan penindih pudun.","translated_text":"At the end of the feast, the male bear handed over the pony and the ponytail.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":97,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah acara sijalapen selesai, anak beru pihak laki-laki menyerahkan pundun dan penindih pudun. Pundun dan penindih pundun adalah daun nipah yang diikat.","translated_text":"At the end of the feast, the male bear handed over the pony and the ponytail. The pillows and pillows are binding leaflets.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":155,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah acara sijalapen selesai, anak beru pihak laki-laki menyerahkan pundun dan penindih pudun. Pundun dan penindih pundun adalah daun nipah yang diikat. Kedua benda ini adalah tanda kesepakatan yang telah tercapai.","translated_text":"At the end of the feast, the male bear handed over the pony and the ponytail. The pillows and pillows are binding leaflets. These two things are signs of a deal that has been reached.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":217,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kedua benda ini adalah tanda kesepakatan yang telah tercapai. Kedua benda ini diberikan kepada pihak perempuan sebanyak lima buah. Isi dari ini kedua benda ini merupakan tentang pelaksanaan nganting manuk.","translated_text":"These two things are signs of a deal that has been reached. These two things were given to the women in five pieces. The contents of these two objects are about the execution of bird nesting.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":205,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Pipit Ananda","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Daftar mantan anggota JKT48/tahun 2014]]","hash":"53e57abb04c709e0e010086d3f60db144665b5de33cd7a44bcc89b2c21d7989e","last_revision":"2022-01-05T00:24:02Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T07:20:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.142133","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Daftar mantan anggota JKT48/tahun 2014\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Daftar mantan anggota JKT48/tahun 2014","translated_text":"ALIH List of former members of JKT48/year 2014","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Cimpa","wikicode":"'''Cimpa''' adalah makanan khas [[suku Karo]].{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo. Cimpa menjadi makanan penting dalam acara-acara adat [[Karo]].\n\n== Tentang Cimpa ==\n\nCimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih.{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun. Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut. Cimpa biasanya dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Cimpa biasanya dimasak dengan dikukus.\n\nCimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo.{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe. Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat [[Suku Karo]]. Cimpa harus dihadirkan saat berlangsungnya acara pesta adat pernikahan, kerja tahun atau [[merdang merdem]], dan kematian. Jika dalam salah satu acara adat tersebut tidak dihadirkan cimpa, maka acara adat tersebut dianggap kurang dan tidak sempurna.\n\nPada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau [[merdang merdem]] suatu desa saja. Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau [[merdang merdem]]. Cimpa disediakan di setiap rumah, di suatu kampung yang sedang melaksanakan kerja tahun. Namun pada saat ini, dalam acara-acara adat Karo, cimpa selalu disediakan.\n\n== Jenis-jenis Cimpa ==\n\nCimpa memiliki tiga jenis, yaitu:{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.\n\n* Cimpa Unung.\n* Cimpa Tuang.\n* Cimpa Matah.\n\nPerbedaan antara tiga jenis cimpa ini terletak pada cara pembuatan dan untuk acara adat apa cimpa tersebut disediakan.\n\n=== Cimpa Unung ===\n\nDalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit. Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti. Setelah adonan tadi diisi dengan inti, adonan tersebut dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Selanjutnya, adonan dikukus selama 20 sampai 30 menit.\n\nJenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo. Dalam acara [[merdang merdem]], cimpa unung adalah salah satu makanan utama yang harus disediakan. Cimpa unung adalah jenis cimpa yang cukup sulit pembuatannya.\n\n=== Cimpa Tuang ===\n\nDalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan. Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi. Jenis cimpa ini biasanya disediakan sebagai bekal atau oleh-oleh. Pembuatannya lebih mudah dan penyajiannya tidak serumit cimpa unung.\n\n=== Cimpa Matah ===\n\nPembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi.{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat. Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu. Hasilnya disediakan dalam bentuk bubuk dan disediakan di atas piring. Biasanya cimpa ini dimakan untuk acara harian saja.\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Suku Karo}}","hash":"778b155d1794594dd36d182257bf97a8ced9efae38650d52bcca22dd68b71641","last_revision":"2018-08-07T13:00:28Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T07:25:00Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.220887","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"Cimpa","jv":"Cimpa","ms":"Cimpa"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Cimpa adalah makanan khas suku Karo. Cimpa menjadi makanan penting dalam acara-acara adat Karo.\n\nCimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih. Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut. Cimpa biasanya dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Cimpa biasanya dimasak dengan dikukus.\n\nCimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo. Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat Suku Karo. Cimpa harus dihadirkan saat berlangsungnya acara pesta adat pernikahan, kerja tahun atau merdang merdem, dan kematian. Jika dalam salah satu acara adat tersebut tidak dihadirkan cimpa, maka acara adat tersebut dianggap kurang dan tidak sempurna.\n\nPada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau merdang merdem suatu desa saja. Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau merdang merdem. Cimpa disediakan di setiap rumah, di suatu kampung yang sedang melaksanakan kerja tahun. Namun pada saat ini, dalam acara-acara adat Karo, cimpa selalu disediakan.\n\nCimpa memiliki tiga jenis, yaitu:\n\nCimpa Unung. Cimpa Tuang. Cimpa Matah.\n\nPerbedaan antara tiga jenis cimpa ini terletak pada cara pembuatan dan untuk acara adat apa cimpa tersebut disediakan.\n\nDalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit. Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti. Setelah adonan tadi diisi dengan inti, adonan tersebut dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Selanjutnya, adonan dikukus selama 20 sampai 30 menit.\n\nJenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo. Dalam acara merdang merdem, cimpa unung adalah salah satu makanan utama yang harus disediakan. Cimpa unung adalah jenis cimpa yang cukup sulit pembuatannya.\n\nDalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan. Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi. Jenis cimpa ini biasanya disediakan sebagai bekal atau oleh-oleh. Pembuatannya lebih mudah dan penyajiannya tidak serumit cimpa unung.\n\nPembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi. Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu. Hasilnya disediakan dalam bentuk bubuk dan disediakan di atas piring. Biasanya cimpa ini dimakan untuk acara harian saja.\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan khas suku Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a traditional food of the Karo people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":36,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa menjadi makanan penting dalam acara-acara adat Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa became an important food in Karo customary events.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":58,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tentang Cimpa","translated_text":"It's about Cimps.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a dish made from red or white spicy rice.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":67,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut.","translated_text":"In the red-brown rice is added red sugar or sand sugar that has been mixed with scarred coconut.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":104,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa biasanya dibungkus dengan daun pisang.","translated_text":"The mixture is usually wrapped in banana leaves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":44,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa biasanya dimasak dengan dikukus.","translated_text":"Chips are usually cooked with stew.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":38,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Cimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is one of the most important foods for the Karo people.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":68,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat Suku Karo.","translated_text":"Cimps must be present at every performance of the Karo tribal ritual.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":65,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa harus dihadirkan saat berlangsungnya acara pesta adat pernikahan, kerja tahun atau merdang merdem, dan kematian.","translated_text":"Cimps must be present at the time of a customary wedding ceremony, a year's work or feast, and death.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":118,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jika dalam salah satu acara adat tersebut tidak dihadirkan cimpa, maka acara adat tersebut dianggap kurang dan tidak sempurna.","translated_text":"If there is no defect in any of these customary events, then the customary event is considered inferior and imperfect.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":126,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau merdang merdem suatu desa saja.","translated_text":"Initially, the cimpa was only served during the year's work events or during a village parade.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":101,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau merdang merdem.","translated_text":"The removal is carried out on the sixth day, during the work year or during the dry season.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":97,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa disediakan di setiap rumah, di suatu kampung yang sedang melaksanakan kerja tahun.","translated_text":"Chips are provided in every home, in a village that is doing the year's work.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":88,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pada saat ini, dalam acara-acara adat Karo, cimpa selalu disediakan.","translated_text":"However, at this time, in Karo's customary occasions, lipas are always provided.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. 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''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":12,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa Matah.","translated_text":"It's a hot one.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":12,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perbedaan antara tiga jenis cimpa ini terletak pada cara pembuatan dan untuk acara adat apa cimpa tersebut disediakan.","translated_text":"The difference between these three types of limes lies in how they are made and for what customary occasions they are provided.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":118,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Cimpa Unung","translated_text":"Scratch the Wheel","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit.","translated_text":"In the making of the first batch of rice, the red or white rice flour is mixed with a little water.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":93,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti.","translated_text":"Then, steamed rice flour with water is filled with a small mixture of coconut and red sugar or the so-called core.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":123,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah adonan tadi diisi dengan inti, adonan tersebut dibungkus dengan daun pisang.","translated_text":"Once the dough is filled with the kernel, it is wrapped in banana leaves.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":84,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selanjutnya, adonan dikukus selama 20 sampai 30 menit.","translated_text":"Next, the dough is steamed for 20 to 30 minutes.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":54,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Jenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo.","translated_text":"This type of piercing is the most commonly used in traditional Karo ceremonies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":79,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam acara merdang merdem, cimpa unung adalah salah satu makanan utama yang harus disediakan.","translated_text":"In the event of a boiling frenzy, an omelet is one of the main foods to be prepared.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":94,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Cimpa unung adalah jenis cimpa yang cukup sulit pembuatannya.","translated_text":"The first batch is a kind of batch that's pretty hard to make.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":61,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Cimpa Tuang","translated_text":"I'll throw it away.","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan.","translated_text":"In making the dishes, all ingredients such as spicy rice, lettuce, eggs, coconut, and red sugar are mixed into a single dough.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":127,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi.","translated_text":"After that, the dough is fried in a pre-oiled pot of beef fat.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":89,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jenis cimpa ini biasanya disediakan sebagai bekal atau oleh-oleh.","translated_text":"This type of leash is usually provided as supplies or by-passes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":65,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pembuatannya lebih mudah dan penyajiannya tidak serumit cimpa unung.","translated_text":"It's easier to make and less complicated to make.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":68,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Cimpa Matah","translated_text":"Hot whipped cream","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi.","translated_text":"Making the blisters is even easier and more unique.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":48,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu.","translated_text":"In the manufacture of bitter dough, steamed rice, coconut, red sugar is pounded into one.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":80,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Hasilnya disediakan dalam bentuk bubuk dan disediakan di atas piring.","translated_text":"The result is prepared in powder form and served on a plate.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":69,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Biasanya cimpa ini dimakan untuk acara harian saja.","translated_text":"It's usually eaten for daily events.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":51,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan khas suku Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a traditional food of the Karo people.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":36,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan khas suku Karo. Cimpa menjadi makanan penting dalam acara-acara adat Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a traditional food of the Karo people. Cimpa became an important food in Karo customary events.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Malem Ukur. 2008. ''Adat Karo''.Medan: Sirulo.","char_index":95,"name":"Ginting","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a dish made from red or white spicy rice.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":67,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih. Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a dish made from red or white spicy rice. In the red-brown rice is added red sugar or sand sugar that has been mixed with scarred coconut.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":172,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah makanan yang dibuat dari beras ketan merah atau putih. Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut. Cimpa biasanya dibungkus dengan daun pisang.","translated_text":"Cimpa is a dish made from red or white spicy rice. In the red-brown rice is added red sugar or sand sugar that has been mixed with scarred coconut. The mixture is usually wrapped in banana leaves.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":217,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Di dalam beras ketan merah dimasukkan gula merah atau gula aren yang telah dicampur dengan kelapa parut. Cimpa biasanya dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Cimpa biasanya dimasak dengan dikukus.","translated_text":"In the red-brown rice is added red sugar or sand sugar that has been mixed with scarred coconut. The mixture is usually wrapped in banana leaves. Chips are usually cooked with stew.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Bangun, Roberto. 1989. ''Mengenal orang Karo''.Jakarta: Yayasan Pendidikan Bangun.","char_index":188,"name":"Bangun2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is one of the most important foods for the Karo people.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":68,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo. Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat Suku Karo.","translated_text":"Cimpa is one of the most important foods for the Karo people. Cimps must be present at every performance of the Karo tribal ritual.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":134,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa adalah salah satu makanan yang sangat penting bagi orang Karo. Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat Suku Karo. Cimpa harus dihadirkan saat berlangsungnya acara pesta adat pernikahan, kerja tahun atau merdang merdem, dan kematian.","translated_text":"Cimpa is one of the most important foods for the Karo people. Cimps must be present at every performance of the Karo tribal ritual. Cimps must be present at the time of a customary wedding ceremony, a year's work or feast, and death.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":253,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan acara-acara adat Suku Karo. Cimpa harus dihadirkan saat berlangsungnya acara pesta adat pernikahan, kerja tahun atau merdang merdem, dan kematian. Jika dalam salah satu acara adat tersebut tidak dihadirkan cimpa, maka acara adat tersebut dianggap kurang dan tidak sempurna.","translated_text":"Cimps must be present at every performance of the Karo tribal ritual. Cimps must be present at the time of a customary wedding ceremony, a year's work or feast, and death. If there is no defect in any of these customary events, then the customary event is considered inferior and imperfect.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":311,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau merdang merdem suatu desa saja.","translated_text":"Initially, the cimpa was only served during the year's work events or during a village parade.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":101,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau merdang merdem suatu desa saja. Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau merdang merdem.","translated_text":"Initially, the cimpa was only served during the year's work events or during a village parade. The removal is carried out on the sixth day, during the work year or during the dry season.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":199,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pada awalnya, cimpa dihadirkan hanya pada saat acara kerja tahun atau merdang merdem suatu desa saja. Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau merdang merdem. Cimpa disediakan di setiap rumah, di suatu kampung yang sedang melaksanakan kerja tahun.","translated_text":"Initially, the cimpa was only served during the year's work events or during a village parade. The removal is carried out on the sixth day, during the work year or during the dry season. Chips are provided in every home, in a village that is doing the year's work.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":288,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pembuataan cimpa tersebut dilakukan pada hari ke enam, pada saat kerja tahun atau merdang merdem. Cimpa disediakan di setiap rumah, di suatu kampung yang sedang melaksanakan kerja tahun. Namun pada saat ini, dalam acara-acara adat Karo, cimpa selalu disediakan.","translated_text":"The removal is carried out on the sixth day, during the work year or during the dry season. Chips are provided in every home, in a village that is doing the year's work. However, at this time, in Karo's customary occasions, lipas are always provided.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Ginting, Nalinta. 1984. ''Turi-turin Beru Rengga Kuning: Turi-turin Adat Budaya Karo''.Deli Tua: Toko Buku Kobe.","char_index":261,"name":"Ginting2","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa memiliki tiga jenis, yaitu:","translated_text":"Cimpa has three types, namely:","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":33,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa Unung.","translated_text":"Scratch the reels.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":12,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa Unung. Cimpa Tuang.","translated_text":"Scratch the reels. I'm going to take a shower.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":25,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Cimpa Unung. Cimpa Tuang. Cimpa Matah.","translated_text":"Scratch the reels. I'm going to take a shower. It's a hot one.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":38,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Perbedaan antara tiga jenis cimpa ini terletak pada cara pembuatan dan untuk acara adat apa cimpa tersebut disediakan.","translated_text":"The difference between these three types of limes lies in how they are made and for what customary occasions they are provided.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":118,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit.","translated_text":"In the making of the first batch of rice, the red or white rice flour is mixed with a little water.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":93,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit. Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti.","translated_text":"In the making of the first batch of rice, the red or white rice flour is mixed with a little water. Then, steamed rice flour with water is filled with a small mixture of coconut and red sugar or the so-called core.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":217,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa unung, tepung beras ketan merah atau putih dicampur dengan air sedikit. Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti. Setelah adonan tadi diisi dengan inti, adonan tersebut dibungkus dengan daun pisang.","translated_text":"In the making of the first batch of rice, the red or white rice flour is mixed with a little water. Then, steamed rice flour with water is filled with a small mixture of coconut and red sugar or the so-called core. Once the dough is filled with the kernel, it is wrapped in banana leaves.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":302,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Lalu, adonan beras ketan dengan air diisi dengan sedikit campuran dari kelapa dan gula merah atau yang disebut dengan inti. Setelah adonan tadi diisi dengan inti, adonan tersebut dibungkus dengan daun pisang. Selanjutnya, adonan dikukus selama 20 sampai 30 menit.","translated_text":"Then, steamed rice flour with water is filled with a small mixture of coconut and red sugar or the so-called core. Once the dough is filled with the kernel, it is wrapped in banana leaves. Next, the dough is steamed for 20 to 30 minutes.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":263,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo.","translated_text":"This type of piercing is the most commonly used in traditional Karo ceremonies.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":79,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo. Dalam acara merdang merdem, cimpa unung adalah salah satu makanan utama yang harus disediakan.","translated_text":"This type of piercing is the most commonly used in traditional Karo ceremonies. In the event of a boiling frenzy, an omelet is one of the main foods to be prepared.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":174,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Jenis cimpa ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan dalam acara-acara adat Karo. Dalam acara merdang merdem, cimpa unung adalah salah satu makanan utama yang harus disediakan. Cimpa unung adalah jenis cimpa yang cukup sulit pembuatannya.","translated_text":"This type of piercing is the most commonly used in traditional Karo ceremonies. In the event of a boiling frenzy, an omelet is one of the main foods to be prepared. The first batch is a kind of batch that's pretty hard to make.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":236,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan.","translated_text":"In making the dishes, all ingredients such as spicy rice, lettuce, eggs, coconut, and red sugar are mixed into a single dough.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":127,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan. Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi.","translated_text":"In making the dishes, all ingredients such as spicy rice, lettuce, eggs, coconut, and red sugar are mixed into a single dough. After that, the dough is fried in a pre-oiled pot of beef fat.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":217,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa tuang, semua bahan seperti beras ketan, sagu, telur, kelapa, dan gula merah dicampur menjadi satu adonan. Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi. Jenis cimpa ini biasanya disediakan sebagai bekal atau oleh-oleh.","translated_text":"In making the dishes, all ingredients such as spicy rice, lettuce, eggs, coconut, and red sugar are mixed into a single dough. After that, the dough is fried in a pre-oiled pot of beef fat. This type of leash is usually provided as supplies or by-passes.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":283,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah itu, adonan tersebut digoreng di atas panci yang sudah diolesi daging lemak sapi. Jenis cimpa ini biasanya disediakan sebagai bekal atau oleh-oleh. Pembuatannya lebih mudah dan penyajiannya tidak serumit cimpa unung.","translated_text":"After that, the dough is fried in a pre-oiled pot of beef fat. This type of leash is usually provided as supplies or by-passes. It's easier to make and less complicated to make.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Tambun, P. 1952. ''Adat-Istiadat Karo''.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.","char_index":224,"name":"Tambun","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi.","translated_text":"Making the blisters is even easier and more unique.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":48,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi. Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu.","translated_text":"Making the blisters is even easier and more unique. In the manufacture of bitter dough, steamed rice, coconut, red sugar is pounded into one.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":129,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Pembuatan cimpa matah lebih mudah dan unik lagi. Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu. Hasilnya disediakan dalam bentuk bubuk dan disediakan di atas piring.","translated_text":"Making the blisters is even easier and more unique. In the manufacture of bitter dough, steamed rice, coconut, red sugar is pounded into one. The result is prepared in powder form and served on a plate.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":199,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam pembuatan cimpa matah, beras ketan, kelapa, gula merah ditumbuk jadi satu. Hasilnya disediakan dalam bentuk bubuk dan disediakan di atas piring. Biasanya cimpa ini dimakan untuk acara harian saja.","translated_text":"In the manufacture of bitter dough, steamed rice, coconut, red sugar is pounded into one. The result is prepared in powder form and served on a plate. It's usually eaten for daily events.","citations":[{"content":"{{id}}Sembiring, Rakutta dan Riah B. Sembiring. 1985. ''Corat-coret Budaya Karo''.Kabanjahe: U.P. Ulamin Kisat.","char_index":202,"name":"Sembiring","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Panas Dingin Awards","wikicode":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = \n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]], [[komedi]]\n| runtime = \n| network = [[Trans 7]]\n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[2011]]\n| last_aired = [[2016]]\n| num_episodes = 5\n}}\n\n'''''Panas Dingin Awards''''' adalah [[penghargaan]] [[komedi]] program acara televisi [[Indonesia]] yang [[parodi|diplesetkan]] oleh tim [[Opera Van Java]].\nPertama kali diadakan pada tahun 2011. Acara ini merupakan plesetan dari penghargaan [[Panasonic Gobel Awards]]. Penghargaan ini diselenggarakan akibat program-program unggulan [[Trans Corp]] tidak memenangi pada penghargaan tersebut.http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/05/05/panas-dingin-awards-trans-7-sengaja-ngejek-panasonic-awards-rcti\n\n== Rincian ==\n=== 2011 ===\n{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards 2011\n| image = \n| caption =\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = 150 menit\n| network = [[Trans 7]]\n| num_seasons = \n| first_aired = \n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pemenang !! Nominasi lain\n|-\n| '''Acara Musik Terfavorit''' || [[Dahsyat|Dasharr]]\n|| \n* [[Derings|Garings]]\n* [[Inbox|Outbox]]\n|-\n| '''Talent Show Terfavorit''' || [[The Master|The Masker]]\n||\n* [[Indonesian Idol|Idola Kita-Kita]]\n* [[Take Me Out Indonesia|Tek-Tek Dut]]\n|-\n| '''Program Anak Terfavorit''' || [[Idola Cilik|Idola Culik]]\n||\n* [[Si Bolang|Si Dolang]]\n* [[Laptop Si Unyil|Laptop Si Usro]]\n|-\n| '''Sinetron Terfavorit''' || [[Safa dan Marwah|Sawijah dan Wawan]] || [[Tersanjung|Tersandung]]\n|-\n| '''Pelawak Terfavorit''' || [[Nunung]]
''tidak disebutkan pada nominasi'' ||\n* [[Sule]]\n* [[Parto]]\n* [[Andre Taulany]]\n* [[Aziz Gagap]]\n|-\n| '''Program Komedi TV Terfavorit''' || [[Opera Van Java]] ||\n* [[Seger Bener|Layuuuu Benar]]\n* [[Extravaganza|Extrakulikuler]]\n* Java Van Opera\n|}\n\n=== 2012 ===\n{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2012\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[27 Maret]] [[2012]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}\nDiadakan untuk kedua kalinya pada tanggal 27 Maret 2012.http://www.mytrans.com/video/2012/03/30/1/56/217/3473/full-video-pagelaran-panas-dingin-award-ke-2http://wahyu-bulkam.blogspot.com/2013/04/inilah-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin.html\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pemenang !! Nominasi lain\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Infotainment Terbaik''' || [[Halo Selebriti|Halo Security]]\n||\n* [[Silet (acara televisi)|Singlet]]\n* [[Insert|Incer]]\n* [[Kabar Kabari|Bakar Bakari]]\n* [[Cek & Ricek|Cek dan Cicek]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Talkshow Hiburan Terbaik''' || [[Hitam Putih|Hitam + Putih = Abu-Abu]]\n||\n* [[Bukan Empat Mata|Sumpah Bukan Empat Mata]]\n* [[PAS Mantab|Pas-Pasan]]\n* [[Buaya Show|Pa'aya Show]]\n* [[Ceriwis|Cerewet Go Wess]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Presenter Hiburan Terbaik''' || [[Olga Syahputra|Oblak Saputra]]\n||\n* [[Deddy Corbuzier|Deddy Kok Buset]]\n* [[Tukul Arwana|Pukul Arwahnya]]\n* [[Uya Kuya|Ayu Kayu]]\n* [[Sule|Sale]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Program Musik Terbaik''' || [[Karaoke Keliling|Kerokan Keliling]]\n||\n* [[Dahsyat|Setdah]]\n* [[Inbox|Outbox]]\n* [[Hip Hip Hura|Hip Hip Huru Hara]]\n* [[Derings|Kerings]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Program Komedi Terbaik''' || [[Ngelaba]]
''tidak disebutkan pada nominasi''\n||\n* Opera Van Java\n* Opera Van Java Roadshow\n* Opera Van Java Award\n* Sahurnya OVJ\n* Di Balik Layar OVJ\n|-\n| '''Tokoh Terabadi Nan Jaya Sepanjang Masa Tak Lekang Oleh Waktu''' || Si Unyil\n|}\n\n=== 2013 ===\n{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2013\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[19 April]] [[2013]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}\nDiadakan untuk ketiga kalinya pada tanggal 19 April 2013 di Ballroom Balai Kartini, Jakarta.{{Cite web |url=http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |dead-url=yes }}\n\n==== Pembawa acara ====\n* [[Addry Danu]]\n* [[Christie Julia]]\n\n==== Pemenang ====\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! _Pemenang\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Sinetron Terbaik''' || [[Tukang Bubur Naik Haji the Series|Eyang Sumur Naik Gaji]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Talkshow Terbaik''' || [[Sedap Malam|Pedas Malam]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Presenter Reality Show Terbaik''' || [[Uya Kuya|Uya Kayu]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Komedian Terbaik''' || Dede\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Program Musik Terbaik''' || [[Derings|Kering]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Program Komedi Terbaik''' || Opera Van Java\n|}\n\n=== 2014 ===\n{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2014\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[19 April]] [[2014]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}\nDiadakan untuk keempatkalinya pada tanggal 19 APril 2014, bertempat di Mahaka Sportsmall, [[Kelapa Gading]], [[Jakarta]] dengan [[Ayu Hastari]] dan [[Addry Danuatmadja]] sebagai pembawa acara.http://hot.detik.com/read/2014/04/20/090923/2559779/230/1/ini-dia-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin-awards-2014\nSebelumnya dilakukan prosesi ''Red Carpet'' yang dibawakan oleh [[Natalie Sarah]] dan [[Jeremy Teti]] dan dihadiri oleh [[Maia Estianty|Maia Estimasi]], [[Ahmad Dhani|Ahmad Daging]], [[Syahrini|Syahroni]], [[Elvis Presyley]], [[Raden Kian Santang|Raden Kain Rantang]] dan [[Captain America]]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRtS8Lqs-4k\n\n==== Pembawa acara ====\n; Utama:\n* [[Ayu Hastari]]\n* [[Addry Danuatmadja]]\n; Red Carpet:\n* [[Natalie Sarah]]\n* [[Jeremy Teti]]\n\n==== Pemenang ====\nPemenang bercetak tebal.\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pembaca nominasi !! Pemenang & Nominasi\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Drama Seri Paling Favorit''' || [[Albern Sultan]] & [[Syahrini|Syahroni]] \n|| \n* [[Emak Ijah Pengen Ke Mekah|Pak Ijah Nyusul Ke Mekah]]\n* '''[[Anak-Anak Manusia|Anak Anak Manula]]'''\n* [[ABG Jadi Manten|ABanG Jadi Ade]]\n* [[Pashmina Aisha|Selendang Aisyah]]\n* [[Raden Kian Santang|Raden Kain Rantang]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Program Variety Show Paling Favorit''' || Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu, istri dan Kliwon\n||\n* [[Eat Bulaga! Indonesia|Eh Belagu]]\n* [[Yuk Keep Smile|Yuk Kita Selow]]\n* '''[[Campur Campur|Ancur Ancur]]'''\n* [[Suka Suka Uya|Suka Suka Lu Dah]]\n* [[Dahsyat|Dahsar]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Infotainment Paling Favorit''' || [[Power Rangers]] & [[Sailor Moon]]\n||\n* [[Was Was|Mas Mas]]\n* [[Intens|Instan]]\n* [[Kabar Kabari|Sabar Sabarin]]\n* [[Silet (acara televisi)|Singset]]\n* '''[[Selebrita|Salep Brita]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Pembawa Acara Hiburan Paling Favorit''' || [[Jeremy Teti]] & [[Zeda Salim]]\n|| \n* [[Raffi Ahmad|Rapi Amat Mo Kondangan]]\n* [[Wendy Armoko|Cendy Wagur]]\n* [[Deddy Corbuzier|Dedo Kok Beser]]\n* [[Soimah Pancawati|Mbok Imah]]\n* '''[[Melaney Ricardo|Melanie Cari Kado]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Progam Pencarian Bakat Paling Favorit''' || Paula Godzila, [[Batman]] & Cat Woman\n||\n* [[D'Terong Show|D' S3rong Show]]\n* [[Indonesia's Got Talent|Ih Dia Gat Telant]]\n* [[The Mentalist|Kenek Metalist]]\n* [[MasterChef Indonesia|Masker Cat]]\n* '''[[D'Academy|D'academek]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Paling Eksis''' || [[Inul Daratista]] & suami\n||\n* '''[[Farhat Abbas|Farah Abis]] dan Rengginang'''\n* [[Cilik Guntur Bumi|UGB - Uih Gaul Banget]]\n* [[Nia Daniaty|Nia dan Yati]]\n* [[Ayu Ting Ting|Ayu Keriting]]\n* [[Cak Lontong|Cak Gentong]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Komedi Paling Favorit''' || \n||\n* [[Stand Up Comedy Show|Sit Up Comedy]]\n* '''[[Pesbukers|Pasboke]]'''\n* [[Ngelaba|Ngeraba]]\n* [[Ria Jenaka|Ria Jenekes Kales]]\n* [[Ngelenong Nyok|Nyelonong Nyok]]\n|}\n\n=== 2016 ===\n{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2016\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[25 Oktober]] [[2016]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}\nPanas Dingin Awards 2016 (dilakonkan sebagai '''''The 91st Panas Dingin Awards''''') adalah pagelaran kelima dari Panas Dingin Awards yang berlangsung pada 25 Oktober 2016. Berbeda dengan Panas Dingin Awards sebelumnya, anugerah tahun ini merupakan bagian dari lakon ''Opera Van Java'' pada umumnya. Anugerah ini juga merupakan yang pertama setelah ''Opera Van Java'' vakum pada tahun [[2015]] lalu.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQCIzp-DmKA\n\n==== Pembawa acara ====\n; Utama:\n* [[Jeremy Teti]]\n\n==== Pemenang ====\nPemenang bercetak tebal.\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pembaca nominasi !! Pemenang & Nominasi\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Talkshow Terfavorit''' || [[Adinda Thomas]] & [[Andika Mahesa|Andika \"Kangen Brand\"]] \n|| \n* [[Rumah Uya|Rumah Uwa]]\n* [[Hitam Putih (acara TV)|Hitam Legam]]\n* Di Atap\n* '''Mario Tegang Gorden Ways'''\n|-\n| '''Sinetron Terpanjang Sepanjang Masa''' || [[Aliando Syarief|Aliandro]] & [[Prilly Latuconsina|Prillian]]\n||\n* '''[[Tukang Bubur Naik Haji the Series|Tukang Bubur Gak Naik Kelas: The Series]]'''\n* [[Tersanjung|Tersandung]]\n* [[Cinta Fitri|Cinta Fikri]]\n* [[Uttaran|Puteran (dengan kontrak 7 tahun)]]\n|-\n| '''Sepertinya Program Musik Terfavorit''' || [[Ahmad Al Ghazali|Al]], [[Ahmad El Jallaludin Rumi|El]], & [[Abdul Qodir Jaelani|Dul]]\n||\n* '''[[adu Dahsyat|Dahsyter]]'''\n* '''[[Inbox (acara televisi)|Di Dalam Box]]'''\n|}\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Opera Van Java}}\n\n[[Kategori:Acara televisi Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Acara televisi Trans7]]\n\n\n{{televisi-stub}}","hash":"8c2ef99c72027afa9534eff01d3352dc2418f791a246e2341d54c42e4ef5e757","last_revision":"2024-01-20T07:11:04Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T07:36:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.280003","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"Panas Dingin Awards adalah penghargaan komedi program acara televisi Indonesia yang diplesetkan oleh tim Opera Van Java. Pertama kali diadakan pada tahun 2011. Acara ini merupakan plesetan dari penghargaan Panasonic Gobel Awards. Penghargaan ini diselenggarakan akibat program-program unggulan Trans Corp tidak memenangi pada penghargaan tersebut.\n\nDiadakan untuk kedua kalinya pada tanggal 27 Maret 2012.\n\nDiadakan untuk ketiga kalinya pada tanggal 19 April 2013 di Ballroom Balai Kartini, Jakarta.\n\nAddry Danu Christie Julia\n\nDiadakan untuk keempatkalinya pada tanggal 19 APril 2014, bertempat di Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta dengan Ayu Hastari dan Addry Danuatmadja sebagai pembawa acara. Sebelumnya dilakukan prosesi Red Carpet yang dibawakan oleh Natalie Sarah dan Jeremy Teti dan dihadiri oleh Maia Estimasi, Ahmad Daging, Syahroni, Elvis Presyley, Raden Kain Rantang dan Captain America\n\nUtama Ayu Hastari Addry Danuatmadja Red Carpet Natalie Sarah Jeremy Teti\n\nPemenang bercetak tebal.\n\nPanas Dingin Awards 2016 (dilakonkan sebagai The 91st Panas Dingin Awards) adalah pagelaran kelima dari Panas Dingin Awards yang berlangsung pada 25 Oktober 2016. Berbeda dengan Panas Dingin Awards sebelumnya, anugerah tahun ini merupakan bagian dari lakon Opera Van Java pada umumnya. Anugerah ini juga merupakan yang pertama setelah Opera Van Java vakum pada tahun 2015 lalu.\n\nUtama Jeremy Teti\n\nPemenang bercetak tebal.\n\nKategori:Acara televisi Indonesia Kategori:Acara televisi Trans7\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = \n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]], [[komedi]]\n| runtime = \n| network = [[Trans 7]]\n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[2011]]\n| last_aired = [[2016]]\n| num_episodes = 5\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Panas Dingin Awards adalah penghargaan komedi program acara televisi Indonesia yang diplesetkan oleh tim Opera Van Java.","translated_text":"The Panas Dingin Awards is an Indonesian television program comedy award presented by the Van Java Opera team.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pertama kali diadakan pada tahun 2011.","translated_text":"It was first held in 2011.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Acara ini merupakan plesetan dari penghargaan Panasonic Gobel Awards.","translated_text":"The event is the culmination of the Panasonic Gobel Awards.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penghargaan ini diselenggarakan akibat program-program unggulan Trans Corp tidak memenangi pada penghargaan tersebut.","translated_text":"The awards were held as a result of Trans Corp's flagship programs not winning the awards.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/05/05/panas-dingin-awards-trans-7-sengaja-ngejek-panasonic-awards-rcti","char_index":117,"name":null,"url":"http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/05/05/panas-dingin-awards-trans-7-sengaja-ngejek-panasonic-awards-rcti","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203643,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.277373-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.86376953125}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rincian","translated_text":"The details","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"2011","translated_text":"It's 2011","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards 2011\n| image = \n| caption =\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = 150 menit\n| network = [[Trans 7]]\n| num_seasons = \n| first_aired = \n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}"},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pemenang !! Nominasi lain\n|-\n| '''Acara Musik Terfavorit''' || [[Dahsyat|Dasharr]]\n|| \n* [[Derings|Garings]]\n* [[Inbox|Outbox]]\n|-\n| '''Talent Show Terfavorit''' || [[The Master|The Masker]]\n||\n* [[Indonesian Idol|Idola Kita-Kita]]\n* [[Take Me Out Indonesia|Tek-Tek Dut]]\n|-\n| '''Program Anak Terfavorit''' || [[Idola Cilik|Idola Culik]]\n||\n* [[Si Bolang|Si Dolang]]\n* [[Laptop Si Unyil|Laptop Si Usro]]\n|-\n| '''Sinetron Terfavorit''' || [[Safa dan Marwah|Sawijah dan Wawan]] || [[Tersanjung|Tersandung]]\n|-\n| '''Pelawak Terfavorit''' || [[Nunung]]
''tidak disebutkan pada nominasi'' ||\n* [[Sule]]\n* [[Parto]]\n* [[Andre Taulany]]\n* [[Aziz Gagap]]\n|-\n| '''Program Komedi TV Terfavorit''' || [[Opera Van Java]] ||\n* [[Seger Bener|Layuuuu Benar]]\n* [[Extravaganza|Extrakulikuler]]\n* Java Van Opera\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"2012","translated_text":"It's 2012","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2012\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[27 Maret]] [[2012]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diadakan untuk kedua kalinya pada tanggal 27 Maret 2012.","translated_text":"It was held for the second time on 27 March 2012.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"http://www.mytrans.com/video/2012/03/30/1/56/217/3473/full-video-pagelaran-panas-dingin-award-ke-2","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mytrans.com/video/2012/03/30/1/56/217/3473/full-video-pagelaran-panas-dingin-award-ke-2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":282758,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.560748-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://wahyu-bulkam.blogspot.com/2013/04/inilah-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin.html","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://wahyu-bulkam.blogspot.com/2013/04/inilah-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":116503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:33.306957-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.837890625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pemenang !! Nominasi lain\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Infotainment Terbaik''' || [[Halo Selebriti|Halo Security]]\n||\n* [[Silet (acara televisi)|Singlet]]\n* [[Insert|Incer]]\n* [[Kabar Kabari|Bakar Bakari]]\n* [[Cek & Ricek|Cek dan Cicek]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Talkshow Hiburan Terbaik''' || [[Hitam Putih|Hitam + Putih = Abu-Abu]]\n||\n* [[Bukan Empat Mata|Sumpah Bukan Empat Mata]]\n* [[PAS Mantab|Pas-Pasan]]\n* [[Buaya Show|Pa'aya Show]]\n* [[Ceriwis|Cerewet Go Wess]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Presenter Hiburan Terbaik''' || [[Olga Syahputra|Oblak Saputra]]\n||\n* [[Deddy Corbuzier|Deddy Kok Buset]]\n* [[Tukul Arwana|Pukul Arwahnya]]\n* [[Uya Kuya|Ayu Kayu]]\n* [[Sule|Sale]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Program Musik Terbaik''' || [[Karaoke Keliling|Kerokan Keliling]]\n||\n* [[Dahsyat|Setdah]]\n* [[Inbox|Outbox]]\n* [[Hip Hip Hura|Hip Hip Huru Hara]]\n* [[Derings|Kerings]]\n|-\n| '''Tersangka Program Komedi Terbaik''' || [[Ngelaba]]
''tidak disebutkan pada nominasi''\n||\n* Opera Van Java\n* Opera Van Java Roadshow\n* Opera Van Java Award\n* Sahurnya OVJ\n* Di Balik Layar OVJ\n|-\n| '''Tokoh Terabadi Nan Jaya Sepanjang Masa Tak Lekang Oleh Waktu''' || Si Unyil\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"2013","translated_text":"The year 2013","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2013\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[19 April]] [[2013]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diadakan untuk ketiga kalinya pada tanggal 19 April 2013 di Ballroom Balai Kartini, Jakarta.","translated_text":"It was held for the third time on 19 April 2013 in Kartini Ballroom, Jakarta.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:33.577711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:35.190628-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembawa acara","translated_text":"The host","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Addry Danu Christie Julia","translated_text":"Addry Lake by Christie Julia","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemenang","translated_text":"The winner.","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! _Pemenang\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Sinetron Terbaik''' || [[Tukang Bubur Naik Haji the Series|Eyang Sumur Naik Gaji]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Talkshow Terbaik''' || [[Sedap Malam|Pedas Malam]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Presenter Reality Show Terbaik''' || [[Uya Kuya|Uya Kayu]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Komedian Terbaik''' || Dede\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Program Musik Terbaik''' || [[Derings|Kering]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Ngakunya Program Komedi Terbaik''' || Opera Van Java\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"2014","translated_text":"The year 2014","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2014\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[19 April]] [[2014]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Diadakan untuk keempatkalinya pada tanggal 19 APril 2014, bertempat di Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta dengan Ayu Hastari dan Addry Danuatmadja sebagai pembawa acara.","translated_text":"It was held for the fourth time on 19 April 2014, taking place at Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta with Ayu Hastari and Addry Danuatmadja as hosts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"http://hot.detik.com/read/2014/04/20/090923/2559779/230/1/ini-dia-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin-awards-2014","char_index":176,"name":null,"url":"http://hot.detik.com/read/2014/04/20/090923/2559779/230/1/ini-dia-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin-awards-2014","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142382,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:45.205726-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91796875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelumnya dilakukan prosesi Red Carpet yang dibawakan oleh Natalie Sarah dan Jeremy Teti dan dihadiri oleh Maia Estimasi, Ahmad Daging, Syahroni, Elvis Presyley, Raden Kain Rantang dan Captain America","translated_text":"It was preceded by the Red Carpet procession hosted by Natalie Sarah and Jeremy Teti and attended by Maia Estimation, Ahmad Daging, Syahroni, Elvis Presyley, Raden Raden and Captain America.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRtS8Lqs-4k","char_index":201,"name":null,"url":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRtS8Lqs-4k","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":587644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:48.928512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembawa acara","translated_text":"The host","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Utama Ayu Hastari Addry Danuatmadja Red Carpet Natalie Sarah Jeremy Teti","translated_text":"I'm not going to tell you what I'm doing.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemenang","translated_text":"The winner.","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemenang bercetak tebal.","translated_text":"The winner's printed thick.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pembaca nominasi !! Pemenang & Nominasi\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Drama Seri Paling Favorit''' || [[Albern Sultan]] & [[Syahrini|Syahroni]] \n|| \n* [[Emak Ijah Pengen Ke Mekah|Pak Ijah Nyusul Ke Mekah]]\n* '''[[Anak-Anak Manusia|Anak Anak Manula]]'''\n* [[ABG Jadi Manten|ABanG Jadi Ade]]\n* [[Pashmina Aisha|Selendang Aisyah]]\n* [[Raden Kian Santang|Raden Kain Rantang]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Program Variety Show Paling Favorit''' || Si Buta Dari Goa Hantu, istri dan Kliwon\n||\n* [[Eat Bulaga! Indonesia|Eh Belagu]]\n* [[Yuk Keep Smile|Yuk Kita Selow]]\n* '''[[Campur Campur|Ancur Ancur]]'''\n* [[Suka Suka Uya|Suka Suka Lu Dah]]\n* [[Dahsyat|Dahsar]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Infotainment Paling Favorit''' || [[Power Rangers]] & [[Sailor Moon]]\n||\n* [[Was Was|Mas Mas]]\n* [[Intens|Instan]]\n* [[Kabar Kabari|Sabar Sabarin]]\n* [[Silet (acara televisi)|Singset]]\n* '''[[Selebrita|Salep Brita]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Pembawa Acara Hiburan Paling Favorit''' || [[Jeremy Teti]] & [[Zeda Salim]]\n|| \n* [[Raffi Ahmad|Rapi Amat Mo Kondangan]]\n* [[Wendy Armoko|Cendy Wagur]]\n* [[Deddy Corbuzier|Dedo Kok Beser]]\n* [[Soimah Pancawati|Mbok Imah]]\n* '''[[Melaney Ricardo|Melanie Cari Kado]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Progam Pencarian Bakat Paling Favorit''' || Paula Godzila, [[Batman]] & Cat Woman\n||\n* [[D'Terong Show|D' S3rong Show]]\n* [[Indonesia's Got Talent|Ih Dia Gat Telant]]\n* [[The Mentalist|Kenek Metalist]]\n* [[MasterChef Indonesia|Masker Cat]]\n* '''[[D'Academy|D'academek]]'''\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Paling Eksis''' || [[Inul Daratista]] & suami\n||\n* '''[[Farhat Abbas|Farah Abis]] dan Rengginang'''\n* [[Cilik Guntur Bumi|UGB - Uih Gaul Banget]]\n* [[Nia Daniaty|Nia dan Yati]]\n* [[Ayu Ting Ting|Ayu Keriting]]\n* [[Cak Lontong|Cak Gentong]]\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Komedi Paling Favorit''' || \n||\n* [[Stand Up Comedy Show|Sit Up Comedy]]\n* '''[[Pesbukers|Pasboke]]'''\n* [[Ngelaba|Ngeraba]]\n* [[Ria Jenaka|Ria Jenekes Kales]]\n* [[Ngelenong Nyok|Nyelonong Nyok]]\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"2016","translated_text":"The year 2016","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"infobox","content":"{{infobox television |\n| show_name = Panas Dingin Awards\n| image = \n| caption = PDA 2016\n| rating = \n| format = [[Penghargaan]]\n| runtime = \n| network = \n| num_seasons =\n| first_aired = [[25 Oktober]] [[2016]]\n| last_aired = \n| num_episodes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Panas Dingin Awards 2016 (dilakonkan sebagai The 91st Panas Dingin Awards) adalah pagelaran kelima dari Panas Dingin Awards yang berlangsung pada 25 Oktober 2016.","translated_text":"The 2016 Heat Dingin Awards (stylized as The 91st Heat Dingin Awards) was the fifth running of the Heat Dingin Awards which took place on 25 October 2016.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Berbeda dengan Panas Dingin Awards sebelumnya, anugerah tahun ini merupakan bagian dari lakon Opera Van Java pada umumnya.","translated_text":"Unlike previous Heat Dingin Awards, this year's awards are part of the Van Java Opera in general.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Anugerah ini juga merupakan yang pertama setelah Opera Van Java vakum pada tahun 2015 lalu.","translated_text":"The award is also the first since the Van Java Opera vacuum in 2015.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQCIzp-DmKA","char_index":91,"name":null,"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQCIzp-DmKA","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":572016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.128605-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pembawa acara","translated_text":"The host","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Utama Jeremy Teti","translated_text":"The head of Jeremy Teti","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pemenang","translated_text":"The winner.","level":4,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pemenang bercetak tebal.","translated_text":"The winner's printed thick.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! Kategori !! Pembaca nominasi !! Pemenang & Nominasi\n|-\n| '''Yang Katanya Talkshow Terfavorit''' || [[Adinda Thomas]] & [[Andika Mahesa|Andika \"Kangen Brand\"]] \n|| \n* [[Rumah Uya|Rumah Uwa]]\n* [[Hitam Putih (acara TV)|Hitam Legam]]\n* Di Atap\n* '''Mario Tegang Gorden Ways'''\n|-\n| '''Sinetron Terpanjang Sepanjang Masa''' || [[Aliando Syarief|Aliandro]] & [[Prilly Latuconsina|Prillian]]\n||\n* '''[[Tukang Bubur Naik Haji the Series|Tukang Bubur Gak Naik Kelas: The Series]]'''\n* [[Tersanjung|Tersandung]]\n* [[Cinta Fitri|Cinta Fikri]]\n* [[Uttaran|Puteran (dengan kontrak 7 tahun)]]\n|-\n| '''Sepertinya Program Musik Terfavorit''' || [[Ahmad Al Ghazali|Al]], [[Ahmad El Jallaludin Rumi|El]], & [[Abdul Qodir Jaelani|Dul]]\n||\n* '''[[adu Dahsyat|Dahsyter]]'''\n* '''[[Inbox (acara televisi)|Di Dalam Box]]'''\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Acara televisi Indonesia Kategori:Acara televisi Trans7","translated_text":"Category:Indonesian television shows Category:Trans7 television shows","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pertama kali diadakan pada tahun 2011. Acara ini merupakan plesetan dari penghargaan Panasonic Gobel Awards. Penghargaan ini diselenggarakan akibat program-program unggulan Trans Corp tidak memenangi pada penghargaan tersebut.","translated_text":"It was first held in 2011. The event is the culmination of the Panasonic Gobel Awards. The awards were held as a result of Trans Corp's flagship programs not winning the awards.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/05/05/panas-dingin-awards-trans-7-sengaja-ngejek-panasonic-awards-rcti","char_index":226,"name":null,"url":"http://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2013/05/05/panas-dingin-awards-trans-7-sengaja-ngejek-panasonic-awards-rcti","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":203643,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.277373-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.86376953125}]},{"text":"Diadakan untuk kedua kalinya pada tanggal 27 Maret 2012.","translated_text":"It was held for the second time on 27 March 2012.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.mytrans.com/video/2012/03/30/1/56/217/3473/full-video-pagelaran-panas-dingin-award-ke-2","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mytrans.com/video/2012/03/30/1/56/217/3473/full-video-pagelaran-panas-dingin-award-ke-2","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":282758,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:30.560748-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (53 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://wahyu-bulkam.blogspot.com/2013/04/inilah-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin.html","char_index":56,"name":null,"url":"http://wahyu-bulkam.blogspot.com/2013/04/inilah-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":116503,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:33.306957-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.837890625}]},{"text":"Diadakan untuk ketiga kalinya pada tanggal 19 April 2013 di Ballroom Balai Kartini, Jakarta.","translated_text":"It was held for the third time on 19 April 2013 in Kartini Ballroom, Jakarta.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:33.577711-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web |url=http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2014-04-28 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/ |dead-url=yes }}","char_index":92,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130515140950/http://slametux.blogdetik.com/2013/04/20/the-3rd-annual-panas-dingin-awards-2013-parodi-panasonic-gobel-awards/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:35.190628-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Diadakan untuk keempatkalinya pada tanggal 19 APril 2014, bertempat di Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta dengan Ayu Hastari dan Addry Danuatmadja sebagai pembawa acara.","translated_text":"It was held for the fourth time on 19 April 2014, taking place at Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta with Ayu Hastari and Addry Danuatmadja as hosts.","citations":[{"content":"http://hot.detik.com/read/2014/04/20/090923/2559779/230/1/ini-dia-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin-awards-2014","char_index":176,"name":null,"url":"http://hot.detik.com/read/2014/04/20/090923/2559779/230/1/ini-dia-daftar-pemenang-panas-dingin-awards-2014","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":142382,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:45.205726-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91796875}]},{"text":"Diadakan untuk keempatkalinya pada tanggal 19 APril 2014, bertempat di Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta dengan Ayu Hastari dan Addry Danuatmadja sebagai pembawa acara. Sebelumnya dilakukan prosesi Red Carpet yang dibawakan oleh Natalie Sarah dan Jeremy Teti dan dihadiri oleh Maia Estimasi, Ahmad Daging, Syahroni, Elvis Presyley, Raden Kain Rantang dan Captain America","translated_text":"It was held for the fourth time on 19 April 2014, taking place at Mahaka Sportsmall, Kelapa Gading, Jakarta with Ayu Hastari and Addry Danuatmadja as hosts. It was preceded by the Red Carpet procession hosted by Natalie Sarah and Jeremy Teti and attended by Maia Estimation, Ahmad Daging, Syahroni, Elvis Presyley, Raden Raden and Captain America.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRtS8Lqs-4k","char_index":378,"name":null,"url":"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRtS8Lqs-4k","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":587644,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:48.928512-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Panas Dingin Awards 2016 (dilakonkan sebagai The 91st Panas Dingin Awards) adalah pagelaran kelima dari Panas Dingin Awards yang berlangsung pada 25 Oktober 2016. Berbeda dengan Panas Dingin Awards sebelumnya, anugerah tahun ini merupakan bagian dari lakon Opera Van Java pada umumnya. Anugerah ini juga merupakan yang pertama setelah Opera Van Java vakum pada tahun 2015 lalu.","translated_text":"The 2016 Heat Dingin Awards (stylized as The 91st Heat Dingin Awards) was the fifth running of the Heat Dingin Awards which took place on 25 October 2016. Unlike previous Heat Dingin Awards, this year's awards are part of the Van Java Opera in general. The award is also the first since the Van Java Opera vacuum in 2015.","citations":[{"content":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQCIzp-DmKA","char_index":377,"name":null,"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQCIzp-DmKA","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":572016,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.128605-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (26 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Perakaman genomik","wikicode":"'''Perakaman genomik''' atau ''genomic imprinting'' adalah fenomena dimana ekspresi sebuah [[alel]] pada organisme dengan [[sistem reproduksi seksual]] tidak seimbang dan dapat menjadi berbeda tergantung pada sumber [[induk]] alel tersebut.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253064 Istilah rekaman genomik pertama kali dicetuskan pada tahun 1960 di dalam penelitian terhadap perilaku [[kromosom seksual]] pada [[agas]] di dalam genus ''[[Sciara]]''. Sebelum dikenal sebagai rekaman genomik, fenomena ini telah lebih dahulu dikenal pada awal tahun 1950 sebagai [[efek induk]] pada [[lalat buah]].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1210016/http://www.genetics.org/content/151/4/1503.long Rekaman genomik memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan [[embrio]] dan [[diferensiasi seksual]]. Beberapa kelainan pada perkembangan [[manusia]] seperti [[sindrom Prader-Willi]] dan [[sindrom Angelman]] disebabkan oleh proses inaktivasi [[Lokus (genetika)|lokus]] yang melibatkan proses rekaman genomik.\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Genetika]]\n\n\n{{genetika-stub}}","hash":"446e3be0cee083bf17cf60e4d4dafaba01aaa06ad17af5d273f2d25b43e45f0f","last_revision":"2021-07-08T07:53:47Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T07:44:45Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.337807","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"نسخ جيني","bs":"Genomsko utiskavanje","ca":"Impressió genètica","cs":"Genomický imprinting","de":"Genomische Prägung","en":"Genomic imprinting","es":"Impronta genética","et":"Genoomne imprintimine","fa":"نقش‌گذاری ژنومی","fi":"Leimautuminen (molekyyligenetiikka)","fr":"Gène soumis à empreinte","ga":"Inphriontáil (géinitic)","gl":"Impresión xenética","he":"החתמה גנומית","hr":"Genomski utisak","it":"Imprinting (genetica)","ja":"ゲノム刷り込み","ko":"유전체 각인","nl":"Genomische imprinting","nb":"Genomisk preging","pl":"Imprinting (genetyka)","pt":"Impressão genómica","ru":"Геномный импринтинг","sk":"Imprinting","sl":"Genetsko vtisnjenje","sr":"Утискивање","sv":"Genetisk prägling","th":"การประทับตราทางพันธุกรรม","uk":"Геномний імпринтинг","zh":"基因組銘印"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Perakaman genomik atau genomic imprinting adalah fenomena dimana ekspresi sebuah alel pada organisme dengan sistem reproduksi seksual tidak seimbang dan dapat menjadi berbeda tergantung pada sumber induk alel tersebut. Istilah rekaman genomik pertama kali dicetuskan pada tahun 1960 di dalam penelitian terhadap perilaku kromosom seksual pada agas di dalam genus Sciara. Sebelum dikenal sebagai rekaman genomik, fenomena ini telah lebih dahulu dikenal pada awal tahun 1950 sebagai efek induk pada lalat buah. Rekaman genomik memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan embrio dan diferensiasi seksual. Beberapa kelainan pada perkembangan manusia seperti sindrom Prader-Willi dan sindrom Angelman disebabkan oleh proses inaktivasi lokus yang melibatkan proses rekaman genomik.\n\nKategori:Genetika\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Perakaman genomik atau genomic imprinting adalah fenomena dimana ekspresi sebuah alel pada organisme dengan sistem reproduksi seksual tidak seimbang dan dapat menjadi berbeda tergantung pada sumber induk alel tersebut.","translated_text":"Genomic burial or genomic imprinting is a phenomenon in which the expression of an allele in an organism with a sexual reproductive system is unbalanced and may vary depending on the parent source of the allele.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253064","char_index":218,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253064","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":136242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.269646-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74951171875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istilah rekaman genomik pertama kali dicetuskan pada tahun 1960 di dalam penelitian terhadap perilaku kromosom seksual pada agas di dalam genus Sciara.","translated_text":"The term genomic recording was first coined in 1960 in a study of the behaviour of sexual chromosomes on agents within the genus Sciara.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum dikenal sebagai rekaman genomik, fenomena ini telah lebih dahulu dikenal pada awal tahun 1950 sebagai efek induk pada lalat buah.","translated_text":"Previously known as genomic recording, this phenomenon was first identified in the early 1950s as a parent effect on fruit flies.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1210016/","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1210016/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.811848-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://www.genetics.org/content/151/4/1503.long","char_index":137,"name":null,"url":"http://www.genetics.org/content/151/4/1503.long","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.994823-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Rekaman genomik memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan embrio dan diferensiasi seksual.","translated_text":"Genomic recording plays an important role in embryonic development and sexual differentiation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa kelainan pada perkembangan manusia seperti sindrom Prader-Willi dan sindrom Angelman disebabkan oleh proses inaktivasi lokus yang melibatkan proses rekaman genomik.","translated_text":"Some human developmental abnormalities such as Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are caused by a process of inactivation of the locus that involves the process of genomic recording.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Genetika","translated_text":"Category:Genetics","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Perakaman genomik atau genomic imprinting adalah fenomena dimana ekspresi sebuah alel pada organisme dengan sistem reproduksi seksual tidak seimbang dan dapat menjadi berbeda tergantung pada sumber induk alel tersebut.","translated_text":"Genomic burial or genomic imprinting is a phenomenon in which the expression of an allele in an organism with a sexual reproductive system is unbalanced and may vary depending on the parent source of the allele.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253064","char_index":218,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253064","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":136242,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.269646-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.74951171875}]},{"text":"Perakaman genomik atau genomic imprinting adalah fenomena dimana ekspresi sebuah alel pada organisme dengan sistem reproduksi seksual tidak seimbang dan dapat menjadi berbeda tergantung pada sumber induk alel tersebut. Istilah rekaman genomik pertama kali dicetuskan pada tahun 1960 di dalam penelitian terhadap perilaku kromosom seksual pada agas di dalam genus Sciara. Sebelum dikenal sebagai rekaman genomik, fenomena ini telah lebih dahulu dikenal pada awal tahun 1950 sebagai efek induk pada lalat buah.","translated_text":"Genomic burial or genomic imprinting is a phenomenon in which the expression of an allele in an organism with a sexual reproductive system is unbalanced and may vary depending on the parent source of the allele. The term genomic recording was first coined in 1960 in a study of the behaviour of sexual chromosomes on agents within the genus Sciara. Previously known as genomic recording, this phenomenon was first identified in the early 1950s as a parent effect on fruit flies.","citations":[{"content":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1210016/","char_index":508,"name":null,"url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1210016/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":134,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.811848-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (2 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"http://www.genetics.org/content/151/4/1503.long","char_index":508,"name":null,"url":"http://www.genetics.org/content/151/4/1503.long","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":93,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:49.994823-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (7 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Tindakan Sosial","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Tindakan sosial]]","hash":"64206bea34e6e57bcbdb2c0a05a6d41ca6544a982215651a1edef4f2ed52913e","last_revision":"2014-04-28T07:58:27Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T07:58:27Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.403845","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Tindakan sosial\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Tindakan sosial","translated_text":"GOOD Social Action","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Tebu Tahan Kekeringan","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Tebu NXI-4T Toleran Kekeringan]]","hash":"b79717c62698548f99d19fae45c4e777b76a3274b5bb7f3a5caeea24e2be2a21","last_revision":"2014-05-01T13:49:07Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:03:18Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.468108","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Tebu NXI-4T Toleran Kekeringan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Tebu NXI-4T Toleran Kekeringan","translated_text":"NXI-4T is drought tolerant","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Tari Tanggai","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Tari tanggai]]","hash":"4269bcdebe403d2955429b8e918cefcbe89fe0450b27dcdddb149c25eaf7081d","last_revision":"2018-11-23T06:28:18Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:10:03Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.525801","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Tari tanggai\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Tari tanggai","translated_text":"When is the date dance","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Seni Kriya (Wayang Kulit)","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Seni kriya]]","hash":"ffa8379fea4356d33013ea84a72cd367d03f05d9bc2e9c5792d6f523bb1c91bb","last_revision":"2014-04-28T08:11:21Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:11:21Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.585888","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Seni kriya\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Seni kriya","translated_text":"The Art of Crafting","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Terapi musik","wikicode":"{{Underlinked|date=Februari 2023}}\n\n'''Terapi musik''' terdiri dari dua kata, terapi dan musik.Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006. \"Terapi\" adalah serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan. Kata \"musik\" digunakan untuk menjelaskan [[Media massa|media]] yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Jadi, terapi musik dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit/ masalah seseorang dengan menggunakan alat musik sebagai media utama.\nDengan bantuan musik, klien diharapkan mampu berimajinasi tentang berbagai macam hal yang menyenangkan maupun memikirkan ketakukatannya, sesuai kebutuhan [[Penyembuhan diri|penyembuhan]] klien tersebut.\n\n== Rujukan ==\n{{Reflist}}\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Musik|Terapi Musik]]\n[[Kategori:Terapi|Terapi Musik]]","hash":"cc1e15cea954b68bfed8306ca59aa354122a8d4de9f9acc0dcea2193d63ad84c","last_revision":"2023-02-09T18:57:22Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:14:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.659518","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"علاج بالموسيقى","bg":"Музикотерапия","ca":"Musicoteràpia","cs":"Muzikoterapie","de":"Musiktherapie","en":"Music therapy","eo":"Muzikoterapio","es":"Musicoterapia","et":"Muusikateraapia","eu":"Musikoterapia","fa":"موسیقی‌درمانی","fi":"Musiikkiterapia","fr":"Musicothérapie","fur":"Musicoterapie","gl":"Musicoterapia","he":"טיפול במוזיקה","hi":"संगीत चिकित्सा","hr":"Muzikoterapija","hu":"Zeneterápia","hy":"Երաժշտաթերապիա","it":"Musicoterapia","ja":"音楽療法","ko":"음악 치료","mk":"Музикотерапија","mr":"संगीतोपचार","nl":"Muziektherapie","nn":"Musikkterapi","nb":"Musikkterapi","pa":"ਸੰਗੀਤ ਇਲਾਜ","pl":"Muzykoterapia","pt":"Musicoterapia","ro":"Muzicoterapie","ru":"Музыкотерапия","sk":"Muzikoterapia","sr":"Muzikoterapija","sv":"Musikterapi","th":"ดนตรีบำบัด","uk":"Музикотерапія","ur":"علاج بالموسیقی","uz":"Musiqa terapiya","vi":"Âm nhạc trị liệu","zh":"音樂治療","zh-yue":"音樂治療"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Terapi musik terdiri dari dua kata, terapi dan musik. \"Terapi\" adalah serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan. Kata \"musik\" digunakan untuk menjelaskan media yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Jadi, terapi musik dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit/ masalah seseorang dengan menggunakan alat musik sebagai media utama. Dengan bantuan musik, klien diharapkan mampu berimajinasi tentang berbagai macam hal yang menyenangkan maupun memikirkan ketakukatannya, sesuai kebutuhan penyembuhan klien tersebut.\n\nTerapi Musik Terapi Musik\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terapi musik terdiri dari dua kata, terapi dan musik.","translated_text":"Music therapy consists of two words, therapy and music.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":53,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Terapi\" adalah serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan.","translated_text":"\"Therapy\" is a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the healing process.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":96,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kata \"musik\" digunakan untuk menjelaskan media yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan terapi.","translated_text":"The word \"music\" is used to describe the media used in the practice of therapy.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jadi, terapi musik dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit/ masalah seseorang dengan menggunakan alat musik sebagai media utama.","translated_text":"Thus, music therapy can be defined as a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the process of curing a person's disease/problem by using musical instruments as the primary medium.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":201,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dengan bantuan musik, klien diharapkan mampu berimajinasi tentang berbagai macam hal yang menyenangkan maupun memikirkan ketakukatannya, sesuai kebutuhan penyembuhan klien tersebut.","translated_text":"With the help of music, the client is expected to be able to imagine a variety of pleasurable things as well as think about his abilities, according to the client's healing needs.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":181,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rujukan","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Terapi Musik Terapi Musik","translated_text":"Music therapy Music therapy","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Terapi musik terdiri dari dua kata, terapi dan musik.","translated_text":"Music therapy consists of two words, therapy and music.","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":53,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Terapi musik terdiri dari dua kata, terapi dan musik. \"Terapi\" adalah serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan.","translated_text":"Music therapy consists of two words, therapy and music. \"Therapy\" is a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the healing process.","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":150,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"\"Terapi\" adalah serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan. Kata \"musik\" digunakan untuk menjelaskan media yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Jadi, terapi musik dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit/ masalah seseorang dengan menggunakan alat musik sebagai media utama.","translated_text":"\"Therapy\" is a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the healing process. The word \"music\" is used to describe the media used in the practice of therapy. Thus, music therapy can be defined as a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the process of curing a person's disease/problem by using musical instruments as the primary medium.","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":386,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Kata \"musik\" digunakan untuk menjelaskan media yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan terapi. Jadi, terapi musik dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian upaya yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa dalam proses penyembuhan penyakit/ masalah seseorang dengan menggunakan alat musik sebagai media utama. Dengan bantuan musik, klien diharapkan mampu berimajinasi tentang berbagai macam hal yang menyenangkan maupun memikirkan ketakukatannya, sesuai kebutuhan penyembuhan klien tersebut.","translated_text":"The word \"music\" is used to describe the media used in the practice of therapy. Thus, music therapy can be defined as a series of efforts that have been designed in such a way in the process of curing a person's disease/problem by using musical instruments as the primary medium. With the help of music, the client is expected to be able to imagine a variety of pleasurable things as well as think about his abilities, according to the client's healing needs.","citations":[{"content":"Djohan. ''Terapi Musik: Teori dan Aplikasi''. Yogyakarta: Galangpress. 2006.","char_index":471,"name":"Djohan","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Prestasi Diri","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Prestasi]]","hash":"7f9a3abdb1dcb34e820f5deaf025af389491170aa01c4eacd0a04872b8184959","last_revision":"2014-04-28T08:17:14Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:17:14Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.716299","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Prestasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Prestasi","translated_text":"What is accomplished?","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Penembak misterius","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Penembakan misterius]]","hash":"61112270b6ffd28e8dff02390c590c5345bed3362cb385023b060c43da3be961","last_revision":"2014-04-28T08:34:05Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T08:34:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.778593","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Penembakan misterius\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Penembakan misterius","translated_text":"When the Mysterious Shooting","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Templat:Orientasi seksual","wikicode":"{{Sidebar\n|name = Orientasi seksual\n|title = [[Orientasi seksual]]\n|headingstyle = background-color: #E6E6FA\n|contentclass = hlist\n|image = [[Berkas:Male and female sign.svg|40px]]\n|heading1=Berbagai orientasi seksual\n|content1=\n*[[Aseksualitas|Aseksual]]\n*[[Biseksualitas|Biseksual]]\n*[[Heteroseksualitas|Heteroseksual]]\n*[[Homoseksualitas|Homoseksual]]\n|heading2=Kategori non-biner\n|content2=\n*[[Androfilia dan ginefilia]]\n*[[Aseksualitas abu-abu]]\n*[[Nonheteroseksual]]\n*[[Panseksualitas]]\n*[[Poliseksualitas]]\n*[[Queer]]\n\n|heading3=Penelitian\n|content3=\n*[[Biologi dan orientasi seksual|Biologi]]\n*[[Demografi orientasi seksual|Demografi]]\n*[[Ilmu saraf dan orientasi seksual|Ilmu saraf]]\n*[[Ilmu kedokteran dan orientasi seksual|Ilmu kedokteran]]\n*[[Kisi Orientasi Seksual Klein|Kisi Klein]]\n*[[Kontinum heteroseksual-homoseksual|Kontinum]]\n*[[Lingkungan dan orientasi seksual|Lingkungan]]\n*[[Orientasi romantis]]\n*[[Penelitian queer]]\n*[[Seksologi]]\n*[[Seksualitas perempuan]]\n*[[Seksualitas laki-laki]]\n*[[Skala Kinsey]]\n\nPada hewan: [[Perilaku homoseksual pada hewan]] ([[Daftar hewan yang menampilkan perilaku homoseksual|Daftar]])\n|belowclass = hlist\n|belowstyle = background-color: #E6E6FA\n|below=\n*{{Icon|category}} [[:Kategori:Orientasi seksual|Kategori]]\n}}\n{{notice|Jika ingin melakukan perubahan pada templat ini, harap mendiskusikan terlebih dahulu.}}\n{{perhatian|Templat ini memiliki kesamaan isi dengan [[Templat:Identitas seksual]]. Jika menyunting salah satu, harap menyunting yang lain juga.}}\n\n[[Kategori:Templat LGBT|Orientasi seksual]]\n[[Kategori:Templat navigasi psikologi|{{PAGENAME}}]]\n[[Kategori:Templat seks dan seksualitas|Orientasi]]\n","hash":"18d06d068de8e57f50a53dd7c998f921ad8112f1e0f1468c9932483c15a2dc52","last_revision":"2021-11-08T16:14:41Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T09:12:08Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.835001","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"قالب:توجه جنسي","as":"সাঁচ:যৌন অভিমুখিতা","az":"Şablon:Seksual oriyentasiya","be":"Шаблон:Сексуальная арыентацыя","bg":"Шаблон:Сексуална ориентация","bn":"টেমপ্লেট:যৌন অভিমুখিতা","bs":"Šablon:Seksualna orijentacija","ckb":"داڕێژە:خواستی ڕەگەزی","cy":"Nodyn:Cyfeiriadedd rhywiol","da":"Skabelon:Seksuel orientering","diq":"Şablon:Oryantasyono seksuel","en":"Template:Sexual orientation","fa":"الگو:گرایش جنسی","hu":"Sablon:Szexuális irányultság","hy":"Կաղապար:Սեռական կողմնորոշում","it":"Template:Orientamento sessuale","ja":"Template:性的指向","ko":"틀:성적 지향","lt":"Šablonas:Seksualinės mažumos","mk":"Предлошка:Сексуална ориентација","ml":"ഫലകം:Sexual orientation","pa":"ਫਰਮਾ:Sexual orientation","pt":"Predefinição:Orientação sexual","ro":"Format:Orientare sexuală","ru":"Шаблон:Сексуальная ориентация","sh":"Šablon:Seksualna orijentacija","si":"සැකිල්ල:ලිංගික පෙළගැස්ම","sr":"Шаблон:Сексуална оријентација","tl":"Padron:Oryentasyong seksuwal","tr":"Şablon:Cinsel yönelim","uk":"Шаблон:Сексуальна орієнтація","ur":"سانچہ:Sexual orientation","vi":"Bản mẫu:Xu hướng tính dục","xmf":"თარგი:სექსუალური ორიენტაცია","zh":"Template:性取向"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Orientasi seksual {{PAGENAME}} Orientasi\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Orientasi seksual {{PAGENAME}} Orientasi","translated_text":"Sexual orientation or sexual orientation","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Syahrul M. Pasaribu","wikicode":"{{Nama Batak|[[Suku Batak Angkola|Angkola]]|[[Pasaribu]]}}\n{{Infobox officeholder\n| honorific-prefix = [[Haji (gelar)|H.]]\n| name = Syahrul Martua Pasaribu\n| honorific-suffix = [[Sarjana Hukum|S.H.]]\n| image = File:KPU Syahrul Martua Pasaribu.jpg\n| imagesize = \n| caption = \n| office = Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan{{!}}Bupati Tapanuli Selatan\n| order = ke-20\n| term_start = 17 Februari 2016\n| term_end = 17 Februari 2021\n| deputy = [[Aswin Efendi Siregar]]\n| president = [[Joko Widodo]]\n| governor = {{unbulleted list|[[Tengku Erry Nuradi]]|R. Sabrina (Plh.)|Eko Subowo (Pj.)|[[Edy Rahmayadi]]}}\n| predecessor = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)\n| successor = [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]\n| term_start2 = 12 Agustus 2010\n| term_end2 = 12 Agustus 2015\n| lieutenant2 = [[Aldinz Rapolo Siregar]]\n| president2 = {{unbulleted list|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |[[Joko Widodo]]}}\n| governor2 = {{unbulleted list|[[Gatot Pujo Nugroho]]|[[Tengku Erry Nuradi]]}}\n| predecessor2 = [[Ongku P. Hasibuan]]\n| successor2 = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|11|20}}\n| birth_place = [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[Sumatera Utara]]\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| party = {{Parpolicon|Golkar}}\n| profession = \n| spouse = Hj. Syaufia Lina, S.H., M.SP.\n| children = 2\n| relations = [[Bomer Pasaribu]] (abang) {{br}} [[Panusunan Pasaribu]] (abang) {{br}} [[Gus Irawan Pasaribu]] (adik) {{br}} [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu|Dolly Pasaribu]] (keponakan)\n| occupation = [[Politisi]]
[[Birokrat]]\n| footnotes = \n}}\n\n[[Berkas:Desa Damparan Haunatas, Saipar Dolok Hole, Tapanuli Selatan 02.jpg|jmpl|Tanda tangan Syahrul Pasaribu pada prasasti kantor kepala desa [[Damparan Haunatas, Saipar Dolok Hole, Tapanuli Selatan|Damparan Haunatas]]]]\n'''H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H.''' ({{lahirmati|[[Padangsidimpuan]], [[Sumatera Utara]]|20|11|1956}}[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf \"Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.) adalah Mantan Bupati [[Tapanuli Selatan]] 2 periode yakni 2010—2015 dan 2016—2021. Jabatan Syahrul sebagai Bupati Tapanuli Selatan digantikan oleh keponakannya, yaitu [[Dolly Pasaribu]].\n\nSyahrul pernah menjabat sebagai [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara|Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara]] Fraksi Golkar 3 periode yakni 1999—2004, 2004—2009 dan 2009—2010.\n\n== Riwayat Pendidikan ==\n\n=== Pendidikan Formal ===\n* SD Negeri 7 Padangsidempuan (1968)\n* SMP Negeri 1 Padangsidempuan (1971)\n* [[SMA Negeri 1 Medan]] (1974)\n* S1 Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Sumatera Utara|Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan]] (1975-1979) (tidak tamat)\n* S1 Fakultas Hukum [[Universitas Medan Area|Universitas Medan Area Medan]] (2013)\n* S2 Pascasarjana Program Magister Studi Pembangunan [[Universitas Sumatera Utara|Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan]]\n* S2 Pascasarjana Program Ilmu Hukum [[Universitas Medan Area|Universitas Medan Area Medan]]\n\n=== Pendidikan Informal ===\n* Orientasi Kepemimpinan dan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah oleh Kemendagri (2010)\n\n== Riwayat Jabatan ==\n* [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Medan|Anggota DPRD Kota Medan]] (1987—1997)\n* [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara|Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara]] (1999—2010)\n* Ketua Fraksi DPRD Sumatera Utara (2004—2010)\n* [[Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan|Bupati Tapanuli Selatan]] (2010—2015) (2016-2021)\n\n== Riwayat Organisasi ==\n* Ketua DPD [[Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia|KNPI]] Kota Medan (1986—1989)\n* Sekretaris DPD KNPI Sumatera Utara (1992—1998)\n* Wakil Ketua SOKSI Sumatera Utara (2002—2007)\n* Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2004—2009)\n* Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2009—2014)\n* Ketua Kordinator Kepartaian DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2016—2018)\n\n== Penghargaan ==\n* Nugra Jasadarma Pustaloka oleh Pemerintah RI (2013)\n* Satyalancana Pembangunan oleh Pemerintah RI (2014)\n* Manggala Karya Kencana oleh Pemerintah RI (2014)\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Kotak_mulai}}\n{{s-off}}\n{{Kotak_suksesi|jabatan = [[Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan|Bupati Tapanuli Selatan]] |tahun =2016—2021|pendahulu = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)|pengganti = [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]}}\n{{Kotak_suksesi|jabatan = [[Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan|Bupati Tapanuli Selatan]] |tahun =2010—2015|pendahulu = [[Ongku P. Hasibuan]]|pengganti = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)}}\n{{Kotak_selesai}}\n{{Bupati Tapanuli Selatan}}\n\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Batak]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Batak Angkola|Syahrul]]\n[[Kategori:Marga Pasaribu|Syahrul]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Utara]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Tapanuli Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Birokrat Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Medan Area]]\n[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Sumatera Utara]]\n[[Kategori:Tokoh KNPI]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]]\n[[Kategori:Politikus Partai Golongan Karya]]\n[[Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Penerima Satyalancana Pembangunan]]\n\n\n{{Indo-politikus-stub}}","hash":"8d98bc4e28f12e11314cf85293b2e1290652f273419bfcb205eec962f6ea95c3","last_revision":"2023-11-01T14:54:38Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T09:41:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.893385","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H. () adalah Mantan Bupati Tapanuli Selatan 2 periode yakni 2010—2015 dan 2016—2021. Jabatan Syahrul sebagai Bupati Tapanuli Selatan digantikan oleh keponakannya, yaitu Dolly Pasaribu.\n\nSyahrul pernah menjabat sebagai Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara Fraksi Golkar 3 periode yakni 1999—2004, 2004—2009 dan 2009—2010.\n\nSD Negeri 7 Padangsidempuan (1968) SMP Negeri 1 Padangsidempuan (1971) SMA Negeri 1 Medan (1974) S1 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan (1975-1979) (tidak tamat) S1 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Medan Area Medan (2013) S2 Pascasarjana Program Magister Studi Pembangunan Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan S2 Pascasarjana Program Ilmu Hukum Universitas Medan Area Medan\n\nOrientasi Kepemimpinan dan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah oleh Kemendagri (2010)\n\nAnggota DPRD Kota Medan (1987—1997) Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara (1999—2010) Ketua Fraksi DPRD Sumatera Utara (2004—2010) Bupati Tapanuli Selatan (2010—2015) (2016-2021)\n\nKetua DPD KNPI Kota Medan (1986—1989) Sekretaris DPD KNPI Sumatera Utara (1992—1998) Wakil Ketua SOKSI Sumatera Utara (2002—2007) Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2004—2009) Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2009—2014) Ketua Kordinator Kepartaian DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2016—2018)\n\nNugra Jasadarma Pustaloka oleh Pemerintah RI (2013) Satyalancana Pembangunan oleh Pemerintah RI (2014) Manggala Karya Kencana oleh Pemerintah RI (2014)\n\nKategori:Tokoh Batak Syahrul Syahrul Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Utara Kategori:Tokoh dari Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Birokrat Indonesia Kategori:Alumni Universitas Medan Area Kategori:Alumni Universitas Sumatera Utara Kategori:Tokoh KNPI Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Golongan Karya Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Penerima Satyalancana Pembangunan\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox officeholder\n| honorific-prefix = [[Haji (gelar)|H.]]\n| name = Syahrul Martua Pasaribu\n| honorific-suffix = [[Sarjana Hukum|S.H.]]\n| image = File:KPU Syahrul Martua Pasaribu.jpg\n| imagesize = \n| caption = \n| office = Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan{{!}}Bupati Tapanuli Selatan\n| order = ke-20\n| term_start = 17 Februari 2016\n| term_end = 17 Februari 2021\n| deputy = [[Aswin Efendi Siregar]]\n| president = [[Joko Widodo]]\n| governor = {{unbulleted list|[[Tengku Erry Nuradi]]|R. Sabrina (Plh.)|Eko Subowo (Pj.)|[[Edy Rahmayadi]]}}\n| predecessor = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)\n| successor = [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]\n| term_start2 = 12 Agustus 2010\n| term_end2 = 12 Agustus 2015\n| lieutenant2 = [[Aldinz Rapolo Siregar]]\n| president2 = {{unbulleted list|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |[[Joko Widodo]]}}\n| governor2 = {{unbulleted list|[[Gatot Pujo Nugroho]]|[[Tengku Erry Nuradi]]}}\n| predecessor2 = [[Ongku P. Hasibuan]]\n| successor2 = Sarmadan Hasibuan (Pj.)\n| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|11|20}}\n| birth_place = [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[Sumatera Utara]]\n| death_date = \n| death_place = \n| party = {{Parpolicon|Golkar}}\n| profession = \n| spouse = Hj. Syaufia Lina, S.H., M.SP.\n| children = 2\n| relations = [[Bomer Pasaribu]] (abang) {{br}} [[Panusunan Pasaribu]] (abang) {{br}} [[Gus Irawan Pasaribu]] (adik) {{br}} [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu|Dolly Pasaribu]] (keponakan)\n| occupation = [[Politisi]]
[[Birokrat]]\n| footnotes = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H. () adalah Mantan Bupati Tapanuli Selatan 2 periode yakni 2010—2015 dan 2016—2021.","translated_text":"H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H. () is a former Bupati of Tapanuli South for two terms 2010 ⁇ 2015 and 2016 ⁇ 2021.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf \"Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:50.038809-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf \"Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:00.137993-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Jabatan Syahrul sebagai Bupati Tapanuli Selatan digantikan oleh keponakannya, yaitu Dolly Pasaribu.","translated_text":"Syahrul's post as Governor of South Tapanuli was replaced by his nephew, Dolly Pasaribu.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Syahrul pernah menjabat sebagai Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara Fraksi Golkar 3 periode yakni 1999—2004, 2004—2009 dan 2009—2010.","translated_text":"Syahrul had previously served as a Member of the North Sumatera House of Representatives in the Golkar Faction for three terms: 1999 ⁇ 2004, 2004 ⁇ 2009 and 2009 ⁇ 2010.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Riwayat Pendidikan","translated_text":"History of education","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pendidikan Formal","translated_text":"Formal education","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"SD Negeri 7 Padangsidempuan (1968) SMP Negeri 1 Padangsidempuan (1971) SMA Negeri 1 Medan (1974) S1 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan (1975-1979) (tidak tamat) S1 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Medan Area Medan (2013) S2 Pascasarjana Program Magister Studi Pembangunan Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan S2 Pascasarjana Program Ilmu Hukum Universitas Medan Area Medan","translated_text":"State High School 7 Padangsidwomen (1968) State High School 1 Padangsidwomen (1971) High School 1 Medan (1974) S1 Faculty of Law of the University of North Sumatra Medan (1975-1979) (not finished) S1 Faculty of Law of the University of Medan Area Medan (2013) S2 Postgraduate Program Master of Development Studies of the University of North Sumatra Medan S2 Postgraduate Program of Law of the University of Medan Area Medan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pendidikan Informal","translated_text":"Informal education","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Orientasi Kepemimpinan dan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintah Daerah oleh Kemendagri (2010)","translated_text":"Orientation to the Leadership and Maintenance of Local Government by the State (2010)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Riwayat Jabatan","translated_text":"History of the Department","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Anggota DPRD Kota Medan (1987—1997) Anggota DPRD Sumatera Utara (1999—2010) Ketua Fraksi DPRD Sumatera Utara (2004—2010) Bupati Tapanuli Selatan (2010—2015) (2016-2021)","translated_text":"Member of the House of Representatives of the City of Medan (1987 ⁇ 1997) Member of the House of Representatives of North Sumatra (1999 ⁇ 2010) Chairman of the Faction of the House of Representatives of North Sumatra (2004 ⁇ 2010) Bupati Tapanuli South (2010 ⁇ 2015) (2016-2021)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Riwayat Organisasi","translated_text":"The history of the organization","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Ketua DPD KNPI Kota Medan (1986—1989) Sekretaris DPD KNPI Sumatera Utara (1992—1998) Wakil Ketua SOKSI Sumatera Utara (2002—2007) Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2004—2009) Wakil Ketua DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2009—2014) Ketua Kordinator Kepartaian DPD I Partai Golkar Sumatera Utara (2016—2018)","translated_text":"Chairman of the KNPI DPD of the City of Medan (1986 ⁇ 1989) Secretary of the KNPI DPD of North Sumatera (1992 ⁇ 1998) Deputy Chairman of SOKSI of North Sumatera (2002 ⁇ 2007) Deputy Chairman of the DPD I of the Golkar Party of North Sumatera (2004 ⁇ 2009) Deputy Chairman of the DPD I of the Golkar Party of North Sumatera (2009 ⁇ 2014) Chairman of the Party Coordinator of the DPD I of the Golkar Party of North Sumatera (2016 ⁇ 2018)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penghargaan","translated_text":"The Award","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nugra Jasadarma Pustaloka oleh Pemerintah RI (2013) Satyalancana Pembangunan oleh Pemerintah RI (2014) Manggala Karya Kencana oleh Pemerintah RI (2014)","translated_text":"Nugraha Jasadarma Pustaloka by the Government of R.I. (2013) Satyalancana Development by the Government of R.I. (2014) Manggala Karya Kencana by the Government of R.I. (2014)","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Tokoh Batak Syahrul Syahrul Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Utara Kategori:Tokoh dari Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Birokrat Indonesia Kategori:Alumni Universitas Medan Area Kategori:Alumni Universitas Sumatera Utara Kategori:Tokoh KNPI Kategori:Politikus Indonesia Kategori:Politikus Partai Golongan Karya Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Penerima Satyalancana Pembangunan","translated_text":"Category:Alumni University Area Category:Alumni University of North Sumatera Category:KNPI Category:Politician Indonesian Category:Politician Party Group of Work Category:Bupati of South Tapanuli Category:Recipient of the development plan","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H. () adalah Mantan Bupati Tapanuli Selatan 2 periode yakni 2010—2015 dan 2016—2021.","translated_text":"H. Syahrul Martua Pasaribu, S.H. () is a former Bupati of Tapanuli South for two terms 2010 ⁇ 2015 and 2016 ⁇ 2021.","citations":[{"content":"[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf \"Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:54:50.038809-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf \"Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati\"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.","char_index":34,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:00.137993-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Opencart","wikicode":"'''Opencart''' adalah sebuah [[sistem manajemen konten]] berbasis [[Web]] yang berlisensi [[GPL]] versi 3. CMS ini dirancang untuk toko online lengkap dengan [[shopping cart]]. CMS ini juga kaya akan [[fitur]] dan salah satunya adalah pengaturan agar mudah dikenali oleh [[mesin pencari]]\n\n== Pengembang ==\nPengembang dari Opencart adalah Daniel Kerr, Hongkong\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n[[Kategori:Sistem manajemen konten]]\n\n\n{{software-stub}}","hash":"73fcdecfdf09ffd42bb562837dd1e15f153f70c5187f516660564654e866ae53","last_revision":"2023-01-21T09:09:25Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T09:42:26Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:20.955908","cross_lingual_links":{"ar":"أوبن كارت","bg":"OpenCart","bn":"ওপেনকার্ট","de":"OpenCart","en":"OpenCart","fa":"اوپن کارت","fr":"OpenCart","hu":"OpenCart","mk":"OpenCart","pl":"OpenCart","pt":"OpenCart","ro":"OpenCart","ru":"OpenCart","tr":"OpenCart","uk":"OpenCart","vi":"Opencart","zh":"OpenCart"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Opencart adalah sebuah sistem manajemen konten berbasis Web yang berlisensi GPL versi 3. CMS ini dirancang untuk toko online lengkap dengan shopping cart. CMS ini juga kaya akan fitur dan salah satunya adalah pengaturan agar mudah dikenali oleh mesin pencari\n\nPengembang dari Opencart adalah Daniel Kerr, Hongkong\n\nKategori:Sistem manajemen konten\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Opencart adalah sebuah sistem manajemen konten berbasis Web yang berlisensi GPL versi 3. CMS ini dirancang untuk toko online lengkap dengan shopping cart.","translated_text":"Opencart is a Web-based content management system licensed under GPL version 3. This CMS is designed for online stores complete with shopping carts.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"CMS ini juga kaya akan fitur dan salah satunya adalah pengaturan agar mudah dikenali oleh mesin pencari","translated_text":"This CMS is also rich in features, and one of them is the setup to be easily recognizable by search engines.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Pengembang","translated_text":"The developer","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pengembang dari Opencart adalah Daniel Kerr, Hongkong","translated_text":"The developer of Opencart is Daniel Kerr, Hong Kong","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori","translated_text":"Categories","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":":Sistem manajemen konten","translated_text":"Content management system","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekaisaran Perancis Pertama","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kekaisaran Prancis Pertama]]","hash":"9151702d4aa13867d53f621eeda8a24e864af54028d99c05f9b916c5d947ab98","last_revision":"2022-02-28T22:33:37Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T09:42:57Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.018886","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kekaisaran Prancis Pertama\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kekaisaran Prancis Pertama","translated_text":"THE FIRST French Empire","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Kekaisaran Perancis Kedua","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Kekaisaran Kedua Prancis]]","hash":"550b51c84eccc8e4f65edffa6f74aa50229b41f98ab10010ea7e98d6667bcd90","last_revision":"2019-02-02T00:13:40Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T09:48:38Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.074064","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Kekaisaran Kedua Prancis\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Kekaisaran Kedua Prancis","translated_text":"THE Second French Empire","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Templat:Komune Prancis","wikicode":"{{Prancis|title=Templat komune Prancis|prefix=Templat:Komune di|state=show|var=Var, Prancis}}","hash":"719679c953772a5dc851cb09bb811b50b75e2d71fe67487dec643c1be5714c09","last_revision":"2019-02-06T04:45:00Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:01:06Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.133316","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"","elements":[],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan","wikicode":"{{Kotak info jabatan politik\n|jabatan = Bupati Tapanuli Selatan\n|lembaga = \n|namaasli = \n|insignia = Lambang Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan.png\n|ukuraninsignia = 100px\n|keteranganinsignia = Lambang Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan\n|departemen = \n|image = Bupati Tapsel periode 2021-2024 Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu.jpg\n|imagesize = 150px\n|alt = \n|incumbent = [[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]\n|incumbentsince = 26 Februari 2021\n|gelar =\n|kediaman = \n|penunjuk = \n|tempo = 5 tahun, sesudahnya dapat dipilih kembali hanya untuk 1 kali\n|pertama = [[Muda Siregar|Muda Siregar gelar Sutan Doli]]\n|dibentuk = [[1950]]\n|terakhir =\n|berakhir =\n|suksesi =\n|deputi =\n|gaji =\n|website =\n}}\n\nBerikut '''Daftar Bupati [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan|Tapanuli Selatan]]''' dari tahun 1950 hingga sekarang.[http://situmba.blogspot.com/2012/11/para-pilot-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan.html Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Dari masa ke masa]\n\n{| {{prettytable}}\n|- style=\"background-color:#cfc;\"\n!No\n!Gambar\n!Nama\n!Awal masa jabatan\n!Akhir masa jabatan\n!Keterangan\n|-\n|1. ||||[[Muda Siregar|Muda Siregar gelar Sutan Doli]]||[[1950]]||[[1951]]|| -\n|-\n|2. ||{{image|Berkas:Gubernur Sumut Raja Junjungan Lubis.jpg|100 px}}||[[Raja Junjungan Lubis]]||[[1951]]||[[1954]]|| -\n|-\n|3. ||||[[Abdul Aziz Lubis]]||[[1954]]||[[1954]]||-\n|-\n|4. ||||[[Wahid R]]||[[1954]]||[[1954]]|| -\n|-\n|5. ||||[[Muhammad Nasib Nasution]]||[[1954]]||[[1955]]|| -\n|-\n|6. ||||[[Abdul Aziz Lubis]]||[[1955]]||[[1956]]|| -\n|-\n|7. ||||[[Muhammad Nurdin Nasution]]||[[1956]]||[[1969]]|| -\n|-\n|8. ||||[[Achmad Negara Nasution]]||[[1969]]||[[1970]]|| -\n|-\n|9. ||||[[Muhammad Nurdin Nasution]]||[[1970]]||[[1974]]|| '''Masa Jabatan Ke 2'''\n|-\n|10. ||||[[Syarif Hasibuan]]||[[1974]]||[[1979]]|| -\n|-\n|11. ||||[[Hamzah Lubis]]||[[1979]]||[[1984]]|| -\n|-\n|12. ||||[[Rasyid Nasution|H.A. Rasyid Nasution]]||[[1984]]||[[1989]]|| -\n|-\n|13. ||||[[Toharuddin Siregar]]||[[1989]]||[[1994]]|| -\n|-\n|15. ||||[[Sualoon Siregar]]||[[1994]]||[[1999]]|| -\n|-\n|16. ||||[[Suangkupon Siregar]]||[[1999]]||[[2000]]|| -\n|-\n|17. ||||[[Saleh Harahap]]||[[2000]]||[[2004]]|| -\n|-\n|18. ||||[[Abdul Rahim Siregar]]||[[2004]]||[[2005]]|| -\n|-\n|19. ||[[Berkas:Ongku p hasibuan.jpg|100 px]]||[[Ongku P. Hasibuan|Ongku Parmonangan Hasibuan]]||[[2005]]||[[2010]]|| -\n|-\n|20. ||{{Image|Berkas:Syahrul Martua Pasaribu.jpg|100 px}}||[[Syahrul M. Pasaribu]]||[[2010]]||[[2021]]||Menjabat Dua Periode\n|-\n||-||||Sarmadan Hasibuan||2015||[[2016]]||PJ\n|-\n|21.||[[Berkas:Bupati Tapsel periode 2021-2024 Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu.jpg|100px]]||[[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]||26 Februari 2021||[[Petahana]]||\n|}\n\n\n== Lihat Pula ==\n* [[Daftar Wakil Bupati Tapanuli Selatan]]\n* [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]]\n* [[Daftar kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah petahana di Sumatera Utara]]\n\n== Referensi ==\n{{Reflist}}\n\n{{Kabupaten di Indonesia|title=Daftar Bupati di Indonesia|prefix=Daftar Bupati|kabupaten=}}\n{{Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan}}\n{{politik-indo-stub}}\n\n[[Kategori:Daftar bupati|Tapanuli Selatan]]\n[[Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan| ]]\n[[Kategori:Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]]","hash":"142df8cf86d88167e9307df9eb55ba5777f348fdf6c864a70c6bb857e5025964","last_revision":"2023-09-29T14:18:58Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:11:31Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.192297","cross_lingual_links":{"ban":"Bupati Tapanuli Selatan","min":"Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Berikut Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan dari tahun 1950 hingga sekarang.\n\nDaftar Wakil Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Daftar kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah petahana di Sumatera Utara\n\nTapanuli Selatan Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Berikut Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan dari tahun 1950 hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"The following is a list of Governors of South Tapanuli from 1950 to the present.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"[http://situmba.blogspot.com/2012/11/para-pilot-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan.html Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Dari masa ke masa]","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"http://situmba.blogspot.com/2012/11/para-pilot-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":96146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.238245-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7744140625}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"table","content":"{| {{prettytable}}\n|- style=\"background-color:#cfc;\"\n!No\n!Gambar\n!Nama\n!Awal masa jabatan\n!Akhir masa jabatan\n!Keterangan\n|-\n|1. ||||[[Muda Siregar|Muda Siregar gelar Sutan Doli]]||[[1950]]||[[1951]]|| -\n|-\n|2. ||{{image|Berkas:Gubernur Sumut Raja Junjungan Lubis.jpg|100 px}}||[[Raja Junjungan Lubis]]||[[1951]]||[[1954]]|| -\n|-\n|3. ||||[[Abdul Aziz Lubis]]||[[1954]]||[[1954]]||-\n|-\n|4. ||||[[Wahid R]]||[[1954]]||[[1954]]|| -\n|-\n|5. ||||[[Muhammad Nasib Nasution]]||[[1954]]||[[1955]]|| -\n|-\n|6. ||||[[Abdul Aziz Lubis]]||[[1955]]||[[1956]]|| -\n|-\n|7. ||||[[Muhammad Nurdin Nasution]]||[[1956]]||[[1969]]|| -\n|-\n|8. ||||[[Achmad Negara Nasution]]||[[1969]]||[[1970]]|| -\n|-\n|9. ||||[[Muhammad Nurdin Nasution]]||[[1970]]||[[1974]]|| '''Masa Jabatan Ke 2'''\n|-\n|10. ||||[[Syarif Hasibuan]]||[[1974]]||[[1979]]|| -\n|-\n|11. ||||[[Hamzah Lubis]]||[[1979]]||[[1984]]|| -\n|-\n|12. ||||[[Rasyid Nasution|H.A. Rasyid Nasution]]||[[1984]]||[[1989]]|| -\n|-\n|13. ||||[[Toharuddin Siregar]]||[[1989]]||[[1994]]|| -\n|-\n|15. ||||[[Sualoon Siregar]]||[[1994]]||[[1999]]|| -\n|-\n|16. ||||[[Suangkupon Siregar]]||[[1999]]||[[2000]]|| -\n|-\n|17. ||||[[Saleh Harahap]]||[[2000]]||[[2004]]|| -\n|-\n|18. ||||[[Abdul Rahim Siregar]]||[[2004]]||[[2005]]|| -\n|-\n|19. ||[[Berkas:Ongku p hasibuan.jpg|100 px]]||[[Ongku P. Hasibuan|Ongku Parmonangan Hasibuan]]||[[2005]]||[[2010]]|| -\n|-\n|20. ||{{Image|Berkas:Syahrul Martua Pasaribu.jpg|100 px}}||[[Syahrul M. Pasaribu]]||[[2010]]||[[2021]]||Menjabat Dua Periode\n|-\n||-||||Sarmadan Hasibuan||2015||[[2016]]||PJ\n|-\n|21.||[[Berkas:Bupati Tapsel periode 2021-2024 Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu.jpg|100px]]||[[Dolly Putra Parlindungan Pasaribu]]||26 Februari 2021||[[Petahana]]||\n|}"},{"type":"heading","text":"Lihat Pula","translated_text":"Look at Pula.","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Daftar Wakil Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Daftar kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah petahana di Sumatera Utara","translated_text":"List of Deputy Bupati Tapanuli South Tapanuli District List of district heads and deputy district heads of petahana in North Sumatra","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Kategori:Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan","translated_text":"South Tapanuli Category:Counties of South Tapanuli Category:Counties of South Tapanuli","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Berikut Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan dari tahun 1950 hingga sekarang.","translated_text":"The following is a list of Governors of South Tapanuli from 1950 to the present.","citations":[{"content":"[http://situmba.blogspot.com/2012/11/para-pilot-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan.html Daftar Bupati Tapanuli Selatan Dari masa ke masa]","char_index":71,"name":null,"url":"http://situmba.blogspot.com/2012/11/para-pilot-kabupaten-tapanuli-selatan.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":96146,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.238245-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.7744140625}]}]} +{"title":"L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vendée]]","hash":"36f93cbb8519d95a169ab5e4ab90f43e558b760b3dc4828dcd63e8501d89db9d","last_revision":"2014-04-28T10:26:05Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:26:05Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.497950","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vendée\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vendée","translated_text":"ALIH a commune in the department of Vendée","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"L'Aiguillon-sur-Vie","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen Vendée]]","hash":"36f93cbb8519d95a169ab5e4ab90f43e558b760b3dc4828dcd63e8501d89db9d","last_revision":"2014-04-28T10:26:15Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:26:15Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.555064","cross_lingual_links":null,"cross_lingual_links_access_date":null,"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vendée\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"ALIH Komune di departemen Vendée","translated_text":"ALIH a commune in the department of Vendée","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[]} +{"title":"Aizenay","wikicode":"'''Aizenay''' ( {{IPA-fr|ɛz(ə)nɛ}} ) adalah salah satu [[Komune di Prancis|komune]] di Departemen [[Vendée]] di Region [[Pays de la Loire]] [[Region di Prancis|wilayah]] di bagian barat [[Prancis]].\n\n== Geografi ==\nAizenay terletak sejauh 15 kilometer di sebelah barat laut dari [[La Roche-sur-Yon]]. Selain itu, Aizenay juga berjarak 25 kilometer dari [[Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie]] dan [[Challans]]. Aizenay juga berjarak 30 kilometer dari [[Les Sables d'Olonne]] yang berada di pesisir pantai Vendée yang menghadap ke [[Samudra Atlantik|Samudra Atlantik).]]\n\nAizenay berbatasan dengan beberapa komune. Di antaranya ialah [[La Chapelle-Palluau]], [[Maché]], [[Apremont]], [[Coëx]], [[La Chapelle-Hermier]], [[Martinet]], [[Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche]], [[Venansault]], [[La Génétouze]] dan [[Le Poiré-sur-Vie]] .\n\nAliran sungai Vie menjadi perbatasan di bagian utara Aizenay. Sebagian besar [[Lanskap|bentang lahan]] Aizenay merupakan [[kawasan hutan]].\n\n== Sejarah ==\nDi sepanjang tepi sungai Vie terdapat gua yang menjafu sisa-sisa tempat tinggal manusia. [[Benediktus dari Nursia]] meninggal di Biara St Benediktus Quinçay, Aizenay pada tahun 360 Masehi. Pada tahun 2007, gereja ini ditetapkan sebagai Monumen Bersejarah Aizenay.\n\nSebuah rencana pemboman di wilayah Bordeaux menyebabkan sebuah bom jatuh di Aizenay pada tanggal 27 Maret 1944. Bom ini berjenis B-17 buatan Amerika Serikat dan diberi nama \"Big Red\". Terdapat 4 orang yang tewas akibat jatuhnya bom tersebut di sekitar hutan. Bom ini dijatuhkan oleh brigade ke-388. Kejadian ini diberitakan dalam sebuah buku yang diterbitkan 50 tahun kemudian (Desember 1994) berjudul \"His Name Was Big Red\". Di lokasi pengeboman, sebuah monumen didirikan pada tanggal 1 Juli 1995 sebagai \"Jalan Peringatan\". Dalam pengeboman ini, pilot \"Big Red\" selamat dan bersembunyi di di dalam hutan dan kemudian bersembunyi ke sebuah gudang di dusun kecil bernama \"La Nicolière\". Ia disembunyikan oleh seorang warga bernama Mme Idais. Para penduduk melindungi pilot ini hingga ia menyamar dan dapat pergi ke Spanyol menggunakan kereta api. Pada tahun 1990an, pilot ini wafat akibat penyakit kanker. Istrinya mengunjungi Mme Idais untuk memberikan sebuah salinan buku dalam bahasa Prancis setelah suaminya wafat. Buku tersebut kini memiliki banyak salinan yang hanya tersedia untuk diibeli di Aizenay.{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}\n\n== Ekonomi ==\nAizenay merupakan salah satu komune yang menghasilkan produk kayu karena memiliki sumber daya hutan yang berlimpah. Komune ini juga memiliki beberapa perusahaan di bidang industri plastik yaitu Cougnaud SA Atlantique Menuiserie, dan Lapeyre-Saint-Gobain. Selain itu, Aizenay juga memnbangun bisnis pembuatan tekstil dan alas kaki. Perusahaan pembuatan oven gelombang mikro bernama Brandt juga didirikan di komune ini. Beberapa pabrik kecil dan perusahan hasil usaha tani.\n\nSelain pertanian yang subur, Aizenay juga memiliki peternakan sapi yang menghasilkan susu untuk kemudian menjadi keju.\n\nDi Aizenay terdapat pula beberapa restoran. Salah satu restoran yang bernama \"Le Fougerais\", pernah masuk dalam daftar [[Buku panduan Michelin]]. Namun pada tahun 2005, restoran ini akhirnya ditutup.\n\n== Populasi ==\n{{Historical populations|2006|13=2012|21=2016|20=9212|19=2015|18=8977|17=2014|16=8741|15=2013|14=8494|12=8284|7334|11=2011|10=8107|9=2010|8=7930|7=2009|6=7754|5=2008|4=7573|2007|22=9314}}\n\n== Tengara ==\n\n=== Gereja Saint-Benoît ===\nBahan bangunan dari Gereja Saint-Benoît terbuat dari kaca patri berwarna-warni. Ini meruakan ciri khas dari gereja yang dibangun pada awal abad ke-20 Masehi dengan gaya [[arsitektur Kebangkitan Gotik]]. Gereja ini mulai digunakan untuk ibadah pada tahun 1905 pada perayaan Natal. Namun peresmiannya baru diadakan pada tahun 1965.{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. Pada tanggal 19 April 1622, [[Louis XIII dari Prancis]] memberikan sebuah salib prosesi sebagai hadiah bagi gereja ini. Perlengkapan lainnya berupa lampu tempat kudus yang dibuat pada abad ke-17 dengan bahan perak. Selain itu, gereja ini dilengkapi dengan piala, patung, dan salib tua.\n\nPada akhir 2005, kegiatan restorasi mulai diadakan pada gereja ini. Selama restorasi ditemukan beberapa [[sarkofagus]] dan ruang bawah tanah yang menjadi penemuan baru. Gereja ini kemudian menjadi sebuah situs yang dilindungi. Sejak Februari 2007, diadakan penggalian arkeologi di sekitar gereja.{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. \n\n=== Aizenay Forest ===\n[[Berkas:Aizenay2.jpg|kiri|250x250px]]\n\n* [[Komune di departemen Vendée|Komune departemen Vendée]]\n[[Kategori:Komune di Vendée]]\n[[Kategori:Koordinat di Wikidata]]\n[[Kategori:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata]]","hash":"1f28da8f2905e20bb1f24dbb1f69f305879b1bd851b6b7368e4c2081a1618fb9","last_revision":"2022-09-26T03:47:21Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:26:25Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:21.619281","cross_lingual_links":{"br":"Aizenay","ca":"Aizenay","ce":"Езене","ceb":"Aizenay","cs":"Aizenay","de":"Aizenay","diq":"Aizenay","en":"Aizenay","es":"Aizenay","eu":"Aizenay","fa":"ایزنای","fr":"Aizenay","hu":"Aizenay","it":"Aizenay","ja":"エズネ","kaa":"Aizenay","lld":"Aizenay","mk":"Езене","ms":"Aizenay","nl":"Aizenay","nb":"Aizenay","oc":"Aizenay","pl":"Aizenay","pt":"Aizenay","ro":"Aizenay","ru":"Эзне","sh":"Aizenay","simple":"Aizenay","sk":"Aizenay","sq":"Aizenay","sr":"Езене","sv":"Aizenay","tt":"Езене","uk":"Езене","uz":"Aizenay","vec":"Aizenay","vi":"Aizenay","war":"Aizenay","zh":"艾泽奈","zh-min-nan":"Aizenay"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.864433","text":"Aizenay ( ) adalah salah satu komune di Departemen Vendée di Region Pays de la Loire wilayah di bagian barat Prancis.\n\nAizenay terletak sejauh 15 kilometer di sebelah barat laut dari La Roche-sur-Yon. Selain itu, Aizenay juga berjarak 25 kilometer dari Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie dan Challans. Aizenay juga berjarak 30 kilometer dari Les Sables d'Olonne yang berada di pesisir pantai Vendée yang menghadap ke Samudra Atlantik).\n\nAizenay berbatasan dengan beberapa komune. Di antaranya ialah La Chapelle-Palluau, Maché, Apremont, Coëx, La Chapelle-Hermier, Martinet, Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, Venansault, La Génétouze dan Le Poiré-sur-Vie .\n\nAliran sungai Vie menjadi perbatasan di bagian utara Aizenay. Sebagian besar bentang lahan Aizenay merupakan kawasan hutan.\n\nDi sepanjang tepi sungai Vie terdapat gua yang menjafu sisa-sisa tempat tinggal manusia. Benediktus dari Nursia meninggal di Biara St Benediktus Quinçay, Aizenay pada tahun 360 Masehi. Pada tahun 2007, gereja ini ditetapkan sebagai Monumen Bersejarah Aizenay.\n\nSebuah rencana pemboman di wilayah Bordeaux menyebabkan sebuah bom jatuh di Aizenay pada tanggal 27 Maret 1944. Bom ini berjenis B-17 buatan Amerika Serikat dan diberi nama \"Big Red\". Terdapat 4 orang yang tewas akibat jatuhnya bom tersebut di sekitar hutan. Bom ini dijatuhkan oleh brigade ke-388. Kejadian ini diberitakan dalam sebuah buku yang diterbitkan 50 tahun kemudian (Desember 1994) berjudul \"His Name Was Big Red\". Di lokasi pengeboman, sebuah monumen didirikan pada tanggal 1 Juli 1995 sebagai \"Jalan Peringatan\". Dalam pengeboman ini, pilot \"Big Red\" selamat dan bersembunyi di di dalam hutan dan kemudian bersembunyi ke sebuah gudang di dusun kecil bernama \"La Nicolière\". Ia disembunyikan oleh seorang warga bernama Mme Idais. Para penduduk melindungi pilot ini hingga ia menyamar dan dapat pergi ke Spanyol menggunakan kereta api. Pada tahun 1990an, pilot ini wafat akibat penyakit kanker. Istrinya mengunjungi Mme Idais untuk memberikan sebuah salinan buku dalam bahasa Prancis setelah suaminya wafat. Buku tersebut kini memiliki banyak salinan yang hanya tersedia untuk diibeli di Aizenay.\n\nAizenay merupakan salah satu komune yang menghasilkan produk kayu karena memiliki sumber daya hutan yang berlimpah. Komune ini juga memiliki beberapa perusahaan di bidang industri plastik yaitu Cougnaud SA Atlantique Menuiserie, dan Lapeyre-Saint-Gobain. Selain itu, Aizenay juga memnbangun bisnis pembuatan tekstil dan alas kaki. Perusahaan pembuatan oven gelombang mikro bernama Brandt juga didirikan di komune ini. Beberapa pabrik kecil dan perusahan hasil usaha tani.\n\nSelain pertanian yang subur, Aizenay juga memiliki peternakan sapi yang menghasilkan susu untuk kemudian menjadi keju.\n\nDi Aizenay terdapat pula beberapa restoran. Salah satu restoran yang bernama \"Le Fougerais\", pernah masuk dalam daftar Buku panduan Michelin. Namun pada tahun 2005, restoran ini akhirnya ditutup.\n\nBahan bangunan dari Gereja Saint-Benoît terbuat dari kaca patri berwarna-warni. Ini meruakan ciri khas dari gereja yang dibangun pada awal abad ke-20 Masehi dengan gaya arsitektur Kebangkitan Gotik. Gereja ini mulai digunakan untuk ibadah pada tahun 1905 pada perayaan Natal. Namun peresmiannya baru diadakan pada tahun 1965. Pada tanggal 19 April 1622, Louis XIII dari Prancis memberikan sebuah salib prosesi sebagai hadiah bagi gereja ini. Perlengkapan lainnya berupa lampu tempat kudus yang dibuat pada abad ke-17 dengan bahan perak. Selain itu, gereja ini dilengkapi dengan piala, patung, dan salib tua.\n\nPada akhir 2005, kegiatan restorasi mulai diadakan pada gereja ini. Selama restorasi ditemukan beberapa sarkofagus dan ruang bawah tanah yang menjadi penemuan baru. Gereja ini kemudian menjadi sebuah situs yang dilindungi. Sejak Februari 2007, diadakan penggalian arkeologi di sekitar gereja.\n\nKomune departemen Vendée Kategori:Komune di Vendée Kategori:Koordinat di Wikidata Kategori:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata\n","elements":[{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aizenay ( ) adalah salah satu komune di Departemen Vendée di Region Pays de la Loire wilayah di bagian barat Prancis.","translated_text":"Aizenay () is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region of western France.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Geografi","translated_text":"Geography","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aizenay terletak sejauh 15 kilometer di sebelah barat laut dari La Roche-sur-Yon. Selain itu, Aizenay juga berjarak 25 kilometer dari Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie dan Challans.","translated_text":"Aizenay is located 15 kilometres northwest of La Roche-sur-Yon and 25 kilometres from Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie and Challans.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Aizenay juga berjarak 30 kilometer dari Les Sables d'Olonne yang berada di pesisir pantai Vendée yang menghadap ke Samudra Atlantik).","translated_text":"Aizenay is also 20 miles [30 km] from Les Sables d'Olonne on the coast of Vendée facing the Atlantic Ocean.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aizenay berbatasan dengan beberapa komune.","translated_text":"Aizenay is bordered by several communes.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di antaranya ialah La Chapelle-Palluau, Maché, Apremont, Coëx, La Chapelle-Hermier, Martinet, Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, Venansault, La Génétouze dan Le Poiré-sur-Vie .","translated_text":"Among them are La Chapelle-Palluau, Maché, Apremont, Coëx, La Chapelle-Hermier, Martinet, Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, Venansault, La Génétouze and Le Poiré-sur-Vie.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aliran sungai","translated_text":"The flow of the river","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vie menjadi perbatasan di bagian utara Aizenay.","translated_text":"Vie becomes the border in the northern part of Aizenay.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebagian besar bentang lahan Aizenay merupakan kawasan hutan.","translated_text":"Most of Aizenay's land is forested.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Sejarah","translated_text":"The history","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di sepanjang tepi sungai","translated_text":"Along the river","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Vie terdapat gua yang menjafu sisa-sisa tempat tinggal manusia.","translated_text":"Vie is a cave that cleaves the remains of human habitation.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Benediktus dari Nursia meninggal di Biara St Benediktus Quinçay, Aizenay pada tahun 360 Masehi.","translated_text":"Benedict of Nursia died at the Abbey of St Benedict Quinçay, Aizenay in 360 AD.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 2007, gereja ini ditetapkan sebagai Monumen Bersejarah Aizenay.","translated_text":"In 2007, the church was designated an Aizenay Historical Monument.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Sebuah rencana pemboman di wilayah Bordeaux menyebabkan sebuah bom jatuh di Aizenay pada tanggal 27 Maret 1944.","translated_text":"A bombing scheme in the Bordeaux region caused a bomb to fall on Aizenay on 27 March 1944.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bom ini berjenis B-17 buatan Amerika Serikat dan diberi nama \"Big Red\".","translated_text":"The bomb was a U.S.-made B-17 and was nicknamed the \"Big Red\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Terdapat 4 orang yang tewas akibat jatuhnya bom tersebut di sekitar hutan.","translated_text":"There were four people killed by the bombing around the woods.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Bom ini dijatuhkan oleh brigade ke-388.","translated_text":"This bomb was dropped by the 388th Brigade.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Kejadian ini diberitakan dalam sebuah buku yang diterbitkan 50 tahun kemudian (Desember 1994) berjudul \"His Name Was Big Red\".","translated_text":"This incident was reported in a book published 50 years later (December 1994) entitled \"His Name Was Big Red\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Di lokasi pengeboman, sebuah monumen didirikan pada tanggal 1 Juli 1995 sebagai \"Jalan Peringatan\".","translated_text":"On the site of the bombing, a monument was erected on July 1, 1995 as the \"Memorial Road\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam pengeboman ini, pilot \"Big Red\" selamat dan bersembunyi di di dalam hutan dan kemudian bersembunyi ke sebuah gudang di dusun kecil bernama \"La Nicolière\".","translated_text":"In this bombing, the pilot of the \"Big Red\" survived and hid in the woods and then hid in a warehouse in a small village called \"La Nicolière\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia disembunyikan oleh seorang warga bernama Mme Idais.","translated_text":"He was hidden by a citizen named Mme Idais.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Para penduduk melindungi pilot ini hingga ia menyamar dan dapat pergi ke Spanyol menggunakan kereta api.","translated_text":"The inhabitants protected the pilot until he disguised himself and could travel to Spain by train.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tahun 1990an, pilot ini wafat akibat penyakit kanker.","translated_text":"In the 1990s, the pilot died of cancer.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Istrinya mengunjungi Mme Idais untuk memberikan sebuah salinan buku dalam bahasa Prancis setelah suaminya wafat.","translated_text":"His wife visited Mme Idais to give her a copy of the book in French after her husband died.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Buku tersebut kini memiliki banyak salinan yang hanya tersedia untuk diibeli di Aizenay.","translated_text":"The book now has many copies that are only available for purchase at Aizenay.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":88,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":88,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Ekonomi","translated_text":"The economy","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Aizenay merupakan salah satu komune yang menghasilkan produk kayu karena memiliki sumber daya hutan yang berlimpah.","translated_text":"Aizenay is one of the communes that produces wood products because it has abundant forest resources.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Komune ini juga memiliki beberapa perusahaan di bidang industri plastik yaitu Cougnaud SA Atlantique Menuiserie, dan Lapeyre-Saint-Gobain.","translated_text":"The commune also has several companies in the plastics industry: Cougnaud SA Atlantique Menuiserie, and Lapeyre-Saint-Gobain.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, Aizenay juga memnbangun bisnis pembuatan tekstil dan alas kaki.","translated_text":"In addition, Aizenay also built a textile and footwear business.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perusahaan pembuatan oven gelombang mikro bernama Brandt juga didirikan di komune ini.","translated_text":"A microwave oven manufacturing company named Brandt was also founded in the commune.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Beberapa pabrik kecil dan perusahan hasil usaha tani.","translated_text":"Some small factories and farming enterprises.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Selain pertanian yang subur, Aizenay juga memiliki peternakan sapi yang menghasilkan susu untuk kemudian menjadi keju.","translated_text":"In addition to a fertile farm, Aizenay also had a cattle ranch that produced milk for later cheese.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Di Aizenay terdapat pula beberapa restoran.","translated_text":"In Aizenay there are also several restaurants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Salah satu restoran yang bernama \"Le Fougerais\", pernah masuk dalam daftar Buku panduan Michelin.","translated_text":"One restaurant, called \"Le Fougerais\", was once listed in the Michelin Guide.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun pada tahun 2005, restoran ini akhirnya ditutup.","translated_text":"However, in 2005, the restaurant finally closed.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Populasi","translated_text":"Population","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Tengara","translated_text":"The flag","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Gereja Saint-Benoît","translated_text":"Church of Saint-Benoît","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Bahan bangunan dari Gereja Saint-Benoît terbuat dari kaca patri berwarna-warni.","translated_text":"The building materials of the Church of Saint-Benoît are made of colourful stained glass.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ini meruakan ciri khas dari gereja yang dibangun pada awal abad ke-20 Masehi dengan gaya arsitektur Kebangkitan Gotik.","translated_text":"It reflects the characteristic features of a church built in the early 20th century AD in the Gothic Revival architectural style.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja ini mulai digunakan untuk ibadah pada tahun 1905 pada perayaan Natal.","translated_text":"The church began to be used for worship in 1905 for Christmas celebrations.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Namun peresmiannya baru diadakan pada tahun 1965.","translated_text":"However, its inauguration was only held in 1965.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":49,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":49,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Pada tanggal 19 April 1622, Louis XIII dari Prancis memberikan sebuah salib prosesi sebagai hadiah bagi gereja ini.","translated_text":"On April 19, 1622, Louis XIII of France presented a processional cross as a gift to the church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Perlengkapan lainnya berupa lampu tempat kudus yang dibuat pada abad ke-17 dengan bahan perak.","translated_text":"The other furnishings were a 17th-century silver lamp of the sanctuary.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selain itu, gereja ini dilengkapi dengan piala, patung, dan salib tua.","translated_text":"In addition, the church is furnished with cups, statues, and old crosses.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Pada akhir 2005, kegiatan restorasi mulai diadakan pada gereja ini.","translated_text":"At the end of 2005, restoration work began on the church.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Selama restorasi ditemukan beberapa sarkofagus dan ruang bawah tanah yang menjadi penemuan baru.","translated_text":"During the restoration some sarcophagi and basements were discovered which were new discoveries.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Gereja ini kemudian menjadi sebuah situs yang dilindungi.","translated_text":"The church later became a protected site.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sejak Februari 2007, diadakan penggalian arkeologi di sekitar gereja.","translated_text":"Since February 2007, archaeological excavations have been conducted around the church.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":69,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":69,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Aizenay Forest","translated_text":"The Aizenay Forest","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Komune departemen Vendée Kategori:Komune di Vendée Kategori:Koordinat di Wikidata Kategori:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","translated_text":"List of communes in the department of Vendée Category:Coordinates on Wikidata Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relationship ID on Wikidata","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Pada tahun 1990an, pilot ini wafat akibat penyakit kanker. Istrinya mengunjungi Mme Idais untuk memberikan sebuah salinan buku dalam bahasa Prancis setelah suaminya wafat. Buku tersebut kini memiliki banyak salinan yang hanya tersedia untuk diibeli di Aizenay.","translated_text":"In the 1990s, the pilot died of cancer. His wife visited Mme Idais to give her a copy of the book in French after her husband died. The book now has many copies that are only available for purchase at Aizenay.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":260,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. ","char_index":260,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Ini meruakan ciri khas dari gereja yang dibangun pada awal abad ke-20 Masehi dengan gaya arsitektur Kebangkitan Gotik. Gereja ini mulai digunakan untuk ibadah pada tahun 1905 pada perayaan Natal. Namun peresmiannya baru diadakan pada tahun 1965.","translated_text":"It reflects the characteristic features of a church built in the early 20th century AD in the Gothic Revival architectural style. The church began to be used for worship in 1905 for Christmas celebrations. However, its inauguration was only held in 1965.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|title=Un Peu d' Histoire|url=http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|publisher=www.mairie-aizenay.fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/|archive-date=2009-10-02|access-date=August 26, 2009|url-status=dead}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002093344/http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/ \"Un Peu d' Histoire\"]. www.mairie-aizenay.fr. 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","char_index":245,"name":"Maire","url":"http://www.mairie-aizenay.fr/decouvrez-aizenay/histoire-et-geographie/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:01.440483-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Selama restorasi ditemukan beberapa sarkofagus dan ruang bawah tanah yang menjadi penemuan baru. Gereja ini kemudian menjadi sebuah situs yang dilindungi. Sejak Februari 2007, diadakan penggalian arkeologi di sekitar gereja.","translated_text":"During the restoration some sarcophagi and basements were discovered which were new discoveries. The church later became a protected site. 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Luke Brookshier
[[Mr. Lawrence]]\n| Director = [[Alan Smart]] {{small|([[sutradara animasi|animasi]])}}
[[Tom Yasumi]] {{small|(animasi)}}
Marc Ceccarelli {{small|([[papan cerita]])}}
[[Luke Brookshier]] {{small|(papan cerita)}}\n| Next = Lost in Bikini Bottom\n| Prev = Yeti Krabs\n| Episode list = [[SpongeBob SquarePants (musim ke-9)|''SpongeBob SquarePants'' (musim ke-9)]]
[[Daftar episode SpongeBob SquarePants|Daftar episode ''SpongeBob SquarePants'']]\n}}\n\"'''SpongeBob, You're Fired!'''\" adalah episode ke-11 dari [[SpongeBob SquarePants (musim ke-9)|musim ke-sembilan]] dan ke-189 dari seluruh episode pada serial televisi animasi Amerika ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]''. Episode ini disutradarai oleh [[Alan Smart]] dan [[Tom Yasumi]], dan ditulis oleh Marc Ceccarelli, [[Luke Brookshier]], dan [[Mr. Lawrence]]. Ceccarelli dan Brookshier juga bertugas sebagai sutradara [[papan cerita]]. Episode tersebut awalnya ditayangkan di [[Nickelodeon]] di Amerika Serikat pada 11 November 2013. Dalam episode ini, SpongeBob dipecat dari [[Krusty Krab]] setelah [[Mr. Krabs]] sadar dia bisa menyimpan satu nikel bila SpongeBob dipecat. SpongeBob kemudian memutuskan untuk mencari pekerjaan di restoran lain.\n\n\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pertama kali ditayangkan di [[San Diego Comic-Con International]] 2013. Sebelum penayangannya di televisi, episode ini membuat kontroversi karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Itu kemudian menghasilkan debat politik ketika ''[[New York Post]]'' dan [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Setelah dua media berita tersebut memperlihatkan episode ini, [[Media Matters for America]] mengambil langkah, dan meminta [[Al Sharpton]] di [[MSNBC]] untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\" Penayangan pertama \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" ditonton 5,2 juta penonton, jumlah penonton terbanyak untuk episode ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' dalam dua tahun terakhir.\n\n== Penerimaan ==\n=== Rating ===\nPenayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode ''SpongeBob SquarePants'' dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton.{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Jon|title=‘SpongeBob’ Loses Job, Earns Big Ratings for Nickelodeon|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2014-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117065009/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|dead-url=yes}}{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}{{cite web|last=Bibel|first=Sara|title=Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Love & Hip Hop', 'WWE Raw','Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' & More|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/|work=TV by the Numbers|publisher=Zap2it|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112225805/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/|dead-url=yes}} Episode ini setingkat dengan ''[[Hostages (seri TV)|Hostages]]'', \"pemain terburuk\", dari \"[[Big Three television networks|Big Four]]\" pada malam itu. Tapi, diseluruh kabel, acara ini berhasil mengalahkan ''[[The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills]]'' (0,8 orang dewasa), ''[[Teen Mom]]'' (0,7 orang dewasa) dan ''[[The Daily Show]]'' (0,6 orang dewasa). Penayangan pertamanya cukup untuk menjadi peringkat kedua dalam total penonton di antara program kabel lain pada hari itu ke kontes ''[[Monday Night Football]]'' di antara [[Miami Dolphins musim 2013|Miami Dolphins]] dan [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers musim 2013|Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] di [[ESPN]]. \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" tertinggi di 2–11, 6–11 dan 9–14 dalam demografik anak-anak.\n\n=== Kritik dan kontroversi ===\n{{quote box\n|quote=Episode ini secara halus memperkenalkan beberapa isu tombol panas, termasuk nilai pelayanan sosial, hukum tenaga kerja yang membuat bos SpongeBob, Mr. Krabs, memecat karyawan terbaiknya, dan sebagainya [...]\n|quoted=yes\n|width=25%\n|source=Paul Bond, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''\n}}\nPerkembangan plot episode dikritik karena ucapan yang merujuk ke [[Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program]]. Dalam salah satu adegan dari episode, [[Patrick Star]] mencoba menunjukkan SpongeBob \"manfaat pengangguran,\" yang dia balas dengan, \"Pengangguran mungkin menyenangkan untukmu, tetapi aku perlu mendapat pekerjaan.\" Adegan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan \"optimisme abadi dan keinginan untuk kembali bekerja\" SpongeBob dan \"melakukannya dengan cara yang masih lucu dan bisa dihubungkan.\" Tapi, telah dilaporkan bahwa aktivis politik menganggapnya \"ucapan buruk\" untuk \"menghantam\" manfaat Food Stamps.{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Fired, Sparks Political Debate [Video]|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/|work=The Inquisitr|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}} Dalam laporan oleh ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'', dikatakan bahwa episode mungkin memiliki [[agenda politik]] tentang [[jaringan keamananan sosial]]. Ditambahkan juga bahwa \"Ini bukan pertama kalinya SpongeBob mengarungi komentar sosial, tetapi biasanya ketika melakukannya, mengganggu yang kanan dan menyetujui yang kiri.\" ''The Hollywood Reported'' mengutip episode sebelumnya yaitu \"[[SpongeBob's Last Stand]]\" dan \"Selling Out\" dimana \"environmentalisme dimuliakan\" dan \"bisnis besar dijelekan.\"\n\nMenurut banyak sumber, garis cerita dikatakan sebagai \"simbol dari iklim ekonomi yang keras.\"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ignites real-life media firestorm over social services after losing his job at the Krusty Crab|url=http://arts.nationalpost.com/2013/11/05/spongebob-squarepants-ignites-real-life-media-firestorm-over-social-services-after-losing-his-job-at-the-krusty-crab/|work=National Post|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=Houston Chronicle|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.sfgate.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}} Plotnya kemudian memunculkan debal politik karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran.{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105110142/http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|dead-url=yes}} Sebelum penayangan perdananya, ''[[New York Post]]'' mempublikasikan artikel tentang episode tersebut. Tapi, artikel itu dikritik karena pembuatnya, Andrea Morabito, menyerang \"orang miskin\" yang bergantung pada bantuan pemerintah, merujuk orang yang bergantung pada kupon makanan \"meminta-minta pelayanan sosial\" dan memuji SpongeBob karena segera kembali untuk mendapat \"pekerjaan yang bermanfaat.\"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}} \"Serangan\" ini ditiru oleh [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], dengan [[Heather Nauert]] di ''[[Fox & Friends]]'', menganggap bahwa \"iklim ekonomi yang keras telah mengenai komunitas bawah laut,\" tetapi \"bukannya meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, itu kotanya, SpongeBob kembali untuk bekerja.\"{{cite web|title=Hannah Groch-Begley: Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants’ Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://thisny.com/hannah-groch-begley-right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firing-to-attack-social-safety-net/|publisher=ThisNY.com|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}\n\nSetelah ''New York Post'' dan Fox News memperlihatkan episode ini, [[Media Matters for America]], sebuah kelompok [[watchdog jurnalisme|watchdog]] media yang secara politik [[progresivisme di Amerika Serikat|progressif]], merespon. Menurut kelompok tersebut, [[media berita]] yang menyerang, keduanya dimiliki [[News Corporation]], menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Dalam merespon Fox News, Media Matters segera memasang sebuah online item berjudul \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", berdebat bahwa keduanya \"menggunakan pemecatan karakter kartun fiksi SpongeBob SquarePants untuk menyerang jaringan keamanan sosial dan mereka yang bergantung padanya.\"{{cite web|last=Feldman|first=Josh|title=Who's Not Collecting Welfare Under the Sea? Spongebob Squarepants!|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/whos-not-collecting-welfare-under-the-sea-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Mediaite]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}} Media Matters \"juga khususnya terganggu oleh ucapan dari cerita ''The Post'': \"Jangan sampai dia duduk dengan malas, meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, SpongeBob yang depresi kembali ke pekerjaan yang bermanfaat dimanapun dia bisa menemukannya,\" reporter Andrea Morabito menulis. \"Tidak ada spoiler—tapi aman untuk mengatakan pahlawan kita tidak mencari kupon makanan, karena kemampuan membuat pattynya rupanya sangat diinginkan.\"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}\n\nSelain itu, liputan dari Fox News mendorong aktivis [[african-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|hak sipil]], dan tuan rumah [[talk show]] [[Al Sharpton]] di [[MSNBC]] untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\" Sharpton mepmerlihatkan pada 31 Oktober episode ''[[PoliticsNation with Al Sharpton|PoliticsNation]]'', \"Sayap kanan menemukan pahlawan baru dalam perangnya melawan orang miskin [...] SpongeBob SquarePants. Itu benar. SpongeBob SquarePants [...] Jadi seorang spons yang tinggal dalam nanas di bawah laut tidak perlu bantuan pemerintah. Apa artinya tidak ada yang perlu?\"{{cite web|title=MSNBC's Sharpton Ridicules Right-Wing Media For Using SpongeBob To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|author=Media Matters Staff}}{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}\n\nNickelodeon menolak untuk berkomentar tentang isu yang disebabkan pesan dalam episode.{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}} Tapi, Russell Hicks dari Nickelodeon berkata bahwa acara \"menyentuh berita, tetapi tidak memberi pesan kecondongan atau ideologi apapun dalam sebuah episode.\" Dalam sebuah pernyataan, Hicks berkata \"Seperti semua kartun hebat, bagian dari sukses SpongeBob yang panjang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyentuh semangat waktu tertentu tetapi tetap lucu untuk penonton. Seperti biasa, meskipun dengan rintangan ini, optimisme SpongeBob yang abadi akan berhasil, yang selalu merupakan pesan hebat ke semua orang.\"{{cite web|last=McCalmont|first=Lucy|title=Jobless SpongeBob nets fans on right|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}\n\n\n== Referensi ==\n;Utama\n* {{cite video|url=http://mtvnmobile.vo.llnwd.net/kip0/_pxn=1+_pxI0=Ripod-h264+_pxL0=undefined+_pxM0=+_pxK=18639+_pxE=mp4/44620/mtvnorigin/gsp.egvrenditions/nick.com/2013/06/10/03/16/NHD17258-02_640x360_1200_m30.mp4|title=Nickelodeon Animation Tour: SpongeBob Gets Fired?!|publisher=[[Nickelodeon]]|date=June 10, 2013|people=Grossman, Noah; Senn, Gabrielle \"Gabby\"|format=Video|ref={{sfnRef|Grossman|Sean|2013}}|access-date=2014-04-28|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104112632/http://mtvnmobile.vo.llnwd.net/kip0/_pxn=1+_pxI0=Ripod-h264+_pxL0=undefined+_pxM0=+_pxK=18639+_pxE=mp4/44620/mtvnorigin/gsp.egvrenditions/nick.com/2013/06/10/03/16/NHD17258-02_640x360_1200_m30.mp4|dead-url=yes}}\n\n;Spesifik\n{{reflist|30em}}\n\n== Pranala luar ==\n{{portal|SpongeBob SquarePants|Nickelodeon}}\n* {{Imdb episode|3034760}}\n* {{Tv.com episode|spongebob-squarepants/spongebob-youre-fired-2988665}}\n{{SpongeBob SquarePants}}\n\n[[Kategori:Episode SpongeBob SquarePants]]\n[[Kategori:Episode televisi tahun 2013]]","hash":"63274f1f896a8574f28d12b627b0e1162b9b85c6fe2bddb4b4bbc73e7732b769","last_revision":"2022-01-04T00:17:19Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T10:30:50Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:23.297680","cross_lingual_links":{"en":"SpongeBob, You're Fired","es":"Bob Esponja, estás despedido","ru":"Губка Боб, ты уволен","simple":"SpongeBob, You're Fired","uk":"SpongeBob, You're Fired!"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:50.941850","text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" adalah episode ke-11 dari musim ke-sembilan dan ke-189 dari seluruh episode pada serial televisi animasi Amerika SpongeBob SquarePants. Episode ini disutradarai oleh Alan Smart dan Tom Yasumi, dan ditulis oleh Marc Ceccarelli, Luke Brookshier, dan Mr. Lawrence. Ceccarelli dan Brookshier juga bertugas sebagai sutradara papan cerita. Episode tersebut awalnya ditayangkan di Nickelodeon di Amerika Serikat pada 11 November 2013. Dalam episode ini, SpongeBob dipecat dari Krusty Krab setelah Mr. Krabs sadar dia bisa menyimpan satu nikel bila SpongeBob dipecat. SpongeBob kemudian memutuskan untuk mencari pekerjaan di restoran lain.\n\n\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pertama kali ditayangkan di San Diego Comic-Con International 2013. Sebelum penayangannya di televisi, episode ini membuat kontroversi karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Itu kemudian menghasilkan debat politik ketika New York Post dan Fox News menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Setelah dua media berita tersebut memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America mengambil langkah, dan meminta Al Sharpton di MSNBC untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\" Penayangan pertama \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" ditonton 5,2 juta penonton, jumlah penonton terbanyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir.\n\nPenayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton. Episode ini setingkat dengan Hostages, \"pemain terburuk\", dari \"Big Four\" pada malam itu. Tapi, diseluruh kabel, acara ini berhasil mengalahkan The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0,8 orang dewasa), Teen Mom (0,7 orang dewasa) dan The Daily Show (0,6 orang dewasa). Penayangan pertamanya cukup untuk menjadi peringkat kedua dalam total penonton di antara program kabel lain pada hari itu ke kontes Monday Night Football di antara Miami Dolphins dan Tampa Bay Buccaneers di ESPN. \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" tertinggi di 2–11, 6–11 dan 9–14 dalam demografik anak-anak.\n\nPerkembangan plot episode dikritik karena ucapan yang merujuk ke Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Dalam salah satu adegan dari episode, Patrick Star mencoba menunjukkan SpongeBob \"manfaat pengangguran,\" yang dia balas dengan, \"Pengangguran mungkin menyenangkan untukmu, tetapi aku perlu mendapat pekerjaan.\" Adegan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan \"optimisme abadi dan keinginan untuk kembali bekerja\" SpongeBob dan \"melakukannya dengan cara yang masih lucu dan bisa dihubungkan.\" Tapi, telah dilaporkan bahwa aktivis politik menganggapnya \"ucapan buruk\" untuk \"menghantam\" manfaat Food Stamps. Dalam laporan oleh The Hollywood Reporter, dikatakan bahwa episode mungkin memiliki agenda politik tentang jaringan keamananan sosial. Ditambahkan juga bahwa \"Ini bukan pertama kalinya SpongeBob mengarungi komentar sosial, tetapi biasanya ketika melakukannya, mengganggu yang kanan dan menyetujui yang kiri.\" The Hollywood Reported mengutip episode sebelumnya yaitu \"SpongeBob's Last Stand\" dan \"Selling Out\" dimana \"environmentalisme dimuliakan\" dan \"bisnis besar dijelekan.\"\n\nMenurut banyak sumber, garis cerita dikatakan sebagai \"simbol dari iklim ekonomi yang keras.\" Plotnya kemudian memunculkan debal politik karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Sebelum penayangan perdananya, New York Post mempublikasikan artikel tentang episode tersebut. Tapi, artikel itu dikritik karena pembuatnya, Andrea Morabito, menyerang \"orang miskin\" yang bergantung pada bantuan pemerintah, merujuk orang yang bergantung pada kupon makanan \"meminta-minta pelayanan sosial\" dan memuji SpongeBob karena segera kembali untuk mendapat \"pekerjaan yang bermanfaat.\" \"Serangan\" ini ditiru oleh Fox News, dengan Heather Nauert di Fox & Friends, menganggap bahwa \"iklim ekonomi yang keras telah mengenai komunitas bawah laut,\" tetapi \"bukannya meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, itu kotanya, SpongeBob kembali untuk bekerja.\"\n\nSetelah New York Post dan Fox News memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America, sebuah kelompok watchdog media yang secara politik progressif, merespon. Menurut kelompok tersebut, media berita yang menyerang, keduanya dimiliki News Corporation, menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Dalam merespon Fox News, Media Matters segera memasang sebuah online item berjudul \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", berdebat bahwa keduanya \"menggunakan pemecatan karakter kartun fiksi SpongeBob SquarePants untuk menyerang jaringan keamanan sosial dan mereka yang bergantung padanya.\" Media Matters \"juga khususnya terganggu oleh ucapan dari cerita The Post: \"Jangan sampai dia duduk dengan malas, meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, SpongeBob yang depresi kembali ke pekerjaan yang bermanfaat dimanapun dia bisa menemukannya,\" reporter Andrea Morabito menulis. \"Tidak ada spoiler—tapi aman untuk mengatakan pahlawan kita tidak mencari kupon makanan, karena kemampuan membuat pattynya rupanya sangat diinginkan.\"\n\nSelain itu, liputan dari Fox News mendorong aktivis hak sipil, dan tuan rumah talk show Al Sharpton di MSNBC untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\" Sharpton mepmerlihatkan pada 31 Oktober episode PoliticsNation, \"Sayap kanan menemukan pahlawan baru dalam perangnya melawan orang miskin [...] SpongeBob SquarePants. Itu benar. SpongeBob SquarePants [...] Jadi seorang spons yang tinggal dalam nanas di bawah laut tidak perlu bantuan pemerintah. Apa artinya tidak ada yang perlu?\"\n\nNickelodeon menolak untuk berkomentar tentang isu yang disebabkan pesan dalam episode. Tapi, Russell Hicks dari Nickelodeon berkata bahwa acara \"menyentuh berita, tetapi tidak memberi pesan kecondongan atau ideologi apapun dalam sebuah episode.\" Dalam sebuah pernyataan, Hicks berkata \"Seperti semua kartun hebat, bagian dari sukses SpongeBob yang panjang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyentuh semangat waktu tertentu tetapi tetap lucu untuk penonton. Seperti biasa, meskipun dengan rintangan ini, optimisme SpongeBob yang abadi akan berhasil, yang selalu merupakan pesan hebat ke semua orang.\"\n\nUtama\n\nSpesifik\n\nKategori:Episode SpongeBob SquarePants Kategori:Episode televisi tahun 2013\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox television episode\n| Series = [[SpongeBob SquarePants]]\n| Title = SpongeBob, You're Fired!\n| Image = \n| Caption = \n| Episode = 11 (189)\n| Season = [[SpongeBob SquarePants (musim ke-9)|9]]\n| Airdate = {{start date|2013|11|11}}\n| Runtime = 22 menit\n| Writer = Marc Ceccarelli
Luke Brookshier
[[Mr. Lawrence]]\n| Director = [[Alan Smart]] {{small|([[sutradara animasi|animasi]])}}
[[Tom Yasumi]] {{small|(animasi)}}
Marc Ceccarelli {{small|([[papan cerita]])}}
[[Luke Brookshier]] {{small|(papan cerita)}}\n| Next = Lost in Bikini Bottom\n| Prev = Yeti Krabs\n| Episode list = [[SpongeBob SquarePants (musim ke-9)|''SpongeBob SquarePants'' (musim ke-9)]]
[[Daftar episode SpongeBob SquarePants|Daftar episode ''SpongeBob SquarePants'']]\n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" adalah episode ke-11 dari musim ke-sembilan dan ke-189 dari seluruh episode pada serial televisi animasi Amerika SpongeBob SquarePants.","translated_text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" is the eleventh episode of the ninth season and the 189th overall episode of the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Episode ini disutradarai oleh Alan Smart dan Tom Yasumi, dan ditulis oleh Marc Ceccarelli, Luke Brookshier, dan Mr. Lawrence.","translated_text":"The episode was directed by Alan Smart and Tom Yasumi, and written by Marc Ceccarelli, Luke Brookshier, and Mr. Lawrence.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ceccarelli dan Brookshier juga bertugas sebagai sutradara papan cerita.","translated_text":"Ceccarelli and Brookshier also served as storyboard directors.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Episode tersebut awalnya ditayangkan di Nickelodeon di Amerika Serikat pada 11 November 2013.","translated_text":"The episode originally aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on November 11, 2013.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam episode ini, SpongeBob dipecat dari Krusty Krab setelah Mr. Krabs sadar dia bisa menyimpan satu nikel bila SpongeBob dipecat.","translated_text":"In this episode, SpongeBob was fired from Krusty Krab after Mr. Krabs realized he could keep a nickel if SpongeBob was fired.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"SpongeBob kemudian memutuskan untuk mencari pekerjaan di restoran lain.","translated_text":"SpongeBob then decided to look for work in another restaurant.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pertama kali ditayangkan di San Diego Comic-Con International 2013.","translated_text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" first aired at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Sebelum penayangannya di televisi, episode ini membuat kontroversi karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran.","translated_text":"Prior to its television premiere, the episode caused controversy due to its portrayal of unemployment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Itu kemudian menghasilkan debat politik ketika New York Post dan Fox News menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\"","translated_text":"It then spawned a political debate when the New York Post and Fox News used the episode \"to hit the poor who use social services\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":164,"name":"Newscorp","url":"http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.568063-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":164,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Setelah dua media berita tersebut memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America mengambil langkah, dan meminta Al Sharpton di MSNBC untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\"","translated_text":"After the two news outlets aired this episode, Media Matters for America took action, and asked Al Sharpton at MSNBC to \"protect poor Americans\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=MSNBC's Sharpton Ridicules Right-Wing Media For Using SpongeBob To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|author=Media Matters Staff}}","char_index":185,"name":"Sharpton1","url":"http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.728180-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":185,"name":"Sharpton2","url":"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":409,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.774174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":185,"name":"MJ","url":"http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Penayangan pertama \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" ditonton 5,2 juta penonton, jumlah penonton terbanyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir.","translated_text":"The first screening of \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" was watched by 5.2 million viewers, the highest viewership for a SpongeBob SquarePants episode in two years.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Penerimaan","translated_text":"Acceptance","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"heading","text":"Rating","translated_text":"Rating","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Penayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton.","translated_text":"The premiere of the episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" on November 11 on Nickelodeon earned the highest viewership for a SpongeBob SquarePants episode in two years, with 5,186 million home viewers.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Jon|title=‘SpongeBob’ Loses Job, Earns Big Ratings for Nickelodeon|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2014-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117065009/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":220,"name":"variety","url":"http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":485588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.196212-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10150146484375},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Jon|title=‘SpongeBob’ Loses Job, Earns Big Ratings for Nickelodeon|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 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2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112225805/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":220,"name":"tvbythenumbers","url":"http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.713566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bibel|first=Sara|title=Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Love & Hip Hop', 'WWE Raw','Real Housewives of Beverly 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web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}","char_index":212,"name":"THRrating","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":540391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.789276-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bibel|first=Sara|title=Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Love & Hip Hop', 'WWE Raw','Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' & 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2013|archive-date=2014-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117065009/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":87,"name":"variety","url":"http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":485588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.196212-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10150146484375},{"content":"{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 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","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam salah satu adegan dari episode, Patrick Star mencoba menunjukkan SpongeBob \"manfaat pengangguran,\" yang dia balas dengan, \"Pengangguran mungkin menyenangkan untukmu, tetapi aku perlu mendapat pekerjaan.\"","translated_text":"In one scene of the episode, Patrick Star tried to point out SpongeBob's \"unemployment benefits\", which he replied with, \"Unemployment may be fun for you, but I need to get a job\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Adegan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan \"optimisme abadi dan keinginan untuk kembali bekerja\" SpongeBob dan \"melakukannya dengan cara yang masih lucu dan bisa dihubungkan.\"","translated_text":"This scene is meant to show \"eternal optimism and desire to get back to work\" SpongeBob and \"do it in a way that's still funny and connectable\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Fired, Sparks Political Debate [Video]|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/|work=The Inquisitr|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":173,"name":"Inqui","url":"http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":69985,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.837147-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91064453125}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi, telah dilaporkan bahwa aktivis politik menganggapnya \"ucapan buruk\" untuk \"menghantam\" manfaat Food Stamps.","translated_text":"However, it has been reported that political activists consider it a \"bad word\" to \"hit\" the benefits of Food Stamps.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":113,"name":"MSN","url":"http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.964885-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Fired, Sparks Political Debate 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2013}}","char_index":113,"name":"Politico","url":"http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.010045-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam laporan oleh The Hollywood Reporter, dikatakan bahwa episode mungkin memiliki agenda politik tentang jaringan keamananan sosial.","translated_text":"In a report by The Hollywood Reporter, it was said that the episode may have a political agenda about social security networks.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ditambahkan juga bahwa \"Ini bukan pertama kalinya SpongeBob mengarungi komentar sosial, tetapi biasanya ketika melakukannya, mengganggu yang kanan dan menyetujui yang kiri.\"","translated_text":"It added that \"this is not the first time SpongeBob has blocked social commentary, but usually when he does, he interrupts the right and approves the left\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"The Hollywood Reported mengutip episode sebelumnya yaitu \"SpongeBob's Last Stand\" dan \"Selling Out\" dimana \"environmentalisme dimuliakan\" dan \"bisnis besar dijelekan.\"","translated_text":"The Hollywood Report quoted earlier episodes of \"SpongeBob's Last Stand\" and \"Selling Out\" where \"environmentalism is glorified\" and \"big business is consumed\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 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2013}}","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sfgate.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.729174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Plotnya kemudian memunculkan debal politik karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran.","translated_text":"The plot later became politically flawed because of its image of unemployment.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 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2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":84,"name":"MSN","url":"http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.964885-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 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article about the episode.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi, artikel itu dikritik karena pembuatnya, Andrea Morabito, menyerang \"orang miskin\" yang bergantung pada bantuan pemerintah, merujuk orang yang bergantung pada kupon makanan \"meminta-minta pelayanan sosial\" dan memuji SpongeBob karena segera kembali untuk mendapat \"pekerjaan yang bermanfaat.\"","translated_text":"However, the article was criticized for its creator, Andrea Morabito, attacking \"the poor\" who depend on government assistance, referring to people who depend on food stamps \"asking for social services\" and praising SpongeBob for coming back soon for \"beneficial work\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro 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web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":297,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Serangan\" ini ditiru oleh Fox News, dengan Heather Nauert di Fox & Friends, menganggap bahwa \"iklim ekonomi yang keras telah mengenai komunitas bawah laut,\" tetapi \"bukannya meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, itu kotanya, SpongeBob kembali untuk bekerja.\"","translated_text":"This \"attack\" was imitated by Fox News, with Heather Nauert at Fox & Friends, considering that \"a harsh economic climate has hit the undersea community\", but \"it's not asking for social services in Bikini Bottom, it's his hometown, SpongeBob returning to work\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":157,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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2013}}","char_index":162,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Menurut kelompok tersebut, media berita yang menyerang, keduanya dimiliki News Corporation, menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\"","translated_text":"According to the group, the attacking news media, both owned by News Corporation, used the episode \"to target the poor who use social services\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People 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web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":182,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam merespon Fox News, Media Matters segera memasang sebuah online item berjudul \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", berdebat bahwa keduanya \"menggunakan pemecatan karakter kartun fiksi SpongeBob SquarePants untuk menyerang jaringan keamanan sosial dan mereka yang bergantung padanya.\"","translated_text":"In response to Fox News, Media Matters immediately posted an online item titled \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", arguing that both \"used the firing of the fictional cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants to attack the social security network and those who depend on it\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 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Spongebob Squarepants!|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/whos-not-collecting-welfare-under-the-sea-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Mediaite]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":333,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mediaite.com/online/whos-not-collecting-welfare-under-the-sea-spongebob-squarepants/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":102317,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:16.118691-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Media Matters \"juga khususnya terganggu oleh ucapan dari cerita The Post: \"Jangan sampai dia duduk dengan malas, meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, SpongeBob yang depresi kembali ke pekerjaan yang bermanfaat dimanapun dia bisa menemukannya,\" reporter Andrea Morabito menulis.","translated_text":"Media Matters \"is also particularly disturbed by the remarks of The Post's story: \"Don't let him sit idly, begging for social services at Bikini Bottom, a depressed SpongeBob go back to a rewarding job wherever he can find it\", wrote reporter Andrea Morabito.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"\"Tidak ada spoiler—tapi aman untuk mengatakan pahlawan kita tidak mencari kupon makanan, karena kemampuan membuat pattynya rupanya sangat diinginkan.\"","translated_text":"\"There's no spoiler, but it's safe to say our heroes aren't looking for food coupons, because the ability to make pattynya seems so desirable\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":150,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Nickelodeon menolak untuk berkomentar tentang isu yang disebabkan pesan dalam episode.","translated_text":"Nickelodeon declined to comment on the issue caused by the message in the episode.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":86,"name":"MJ","url":"http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Tapi, Russell Hicks dari Nickelodeon berkata bahwa acara \"menyentuh berita, tetapi tidak memberi pesan kecondongan atau ideologi apapun dalam sebuah episode.\"","translated_text":"However, Nickelodeon's Russell Hicks says that the show \"touches the news, but does not convey any bias or ideology in an episode\".","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Dalam sebuah pernyataan, Hicks berkata \"Seperti semua kartun hebat, bagian dari sukses SpongeBob yang panjang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyentuh semangat waktu tertentu tetapi tetap lucu untuk penonton.","translated_text":"In a statement, Hicks said: \"Like all great cartoons, part of SpongeBob's long-running success has the ability to touch the spirit of a particular time but remain funny to the audience.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Seperti biasa, meskipun dengan rintangan ini, optimisme SpongeBob yang abadi akan berhasil, yang selalu merupakan pesan hebat ke semua orang.\"","translated_text":"As always, despite these obstacles, SpongeBob's enduring optimism will succeed, which is always a great message to everyone\".","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=McCalmont|first=Lucy|title=Jobless SpongeBob nets fans on right|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":142,"name":"Politico","url":"http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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Sebelum penayangannya di televisi, episode ini membuat kontroversi karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Itu kemudian menghasilkan debat politik ketika New York Post dan Fox News menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\"","translated_text":"\"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" first aired at the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International. Prior to its television premiere, the episode caused controversy due to its portrayal of unemployment. It then spawned a political debate when the New York Post and Fox News used the episode \"to hit the poor who use social services\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":368,"name":"Newscorp","url":"http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.568063-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":368,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum penayangannya di televisi, episode ini membuat kontroversi karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Itu kemudian menghasilkan debat politik ketika New York Post dan Fox News menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Setelah dua media berita tersebut memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America mengambil langkah, dan meminta Al Sharpton di MSNBC untuk \"melindungi orang Amerika yang miskin.\"","translated_text":"Prior to its television premiere, the episode caused controversy due to its portrayal of unemployment. It then spawned a political debate when the New York Post and Fox News used the episode \"to hit the poor who use social services\". After the two news outlets aired this episode, Media Matters for America took action, and asked Al Sharpton at MSNBC to \"protect poor Americans\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=MSNBC's Sharpton Ridicules Right-Wing Media For Using SpongeBob To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|author=Media Matters Staff}}","char_index":459,"name":"Sharpton1","url":"http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.728180-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":459,"name":"Sharpton2","url":"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":409,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.774174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":459,"name":"MJ","url":"http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}]},{"text":"Penayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton.","translated_text":"The premiere of the episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" on November 11 on Nickelodeon earned the highest viewership for a SpongeBob SquarePants episode in two years, with 5,186 million home viewers.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Jon|title=‘SpongeBob’ Loses Job, Earns Big Ratings for Nickelodeon|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2014-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117065009/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":220,"name":"variety","url":"http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; 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charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.713566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Penayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton. Episode ini setingkat dengan Hostages, \"pemain terburuk\", dari \"Big Four\" pada malam itu.","translated_text":"The premiere of the episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" on November 11 on Nickelodeon earned the highest viewership for a SpongeBob SquarePants episode in two years, with 5,186 million home viewers. This episode matches the Hostages, \"worst players\", of the Big Four that night.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}","char_index":310,"name":"THRrating","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":540391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.789276-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Penayangan pertama episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" pada 11 November di Nickelodeon mendapat jumlah penonton paling banyak untuk episode SpongeBob SquarePants dalam dua tahun terakhir, dengan 5,186 juta rumah menonton. Episode ini setingkat dengan Hostages, \"pemain terburuk\", dari \"Big Four\" pada malam itu. Tapi, diseluruh kabel, acara ini berhasil mengalahkan The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0,8 orang dewasa), Teen Mom (0,7 orang dewasa) dan The Daily Show (0,6 orang dewasa).","translated_text":"The premiere of the episode \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" on November 11 on Nickelodeon earned the highest viewership for a SpongeBob SquarePants episode in two years, with 5,186 million home viewers. This episode matches the Hostages, \"worst players\", of the Big Four that night. But, across the cable, the show managed to beat The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0.8 adults), Teen Mom (0.7 adults) and The Daily Show (0.6 adults).","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}","char_index":488,"name":"THRrating","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":540391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.789276-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Episode ini setingkat dengan Hostages, \"pemain terburuk\", dari \"Big Four\" pada malam itu. Tapi, diseluruh kabel, acara ini berhasil mengalahkan The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0,8 orang dewasa), Teen Mom (0,7 orang dewasa) dan The Daily Show (0,6 orang dewasa). Penayangan pertamanya cukup untuk menjadi peringkat kedua dalam total penonton di antara program kabel lain pada hari itu ke kontes Monday Night Football di antara Miami Dolphins dan Tampa Bay Buccaneers di ESPN.","translated_text":"This episode matches the Hostages, \"worst players\", of the Big Four that night. But, across the cable, the show managed to beat The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0.8 adults), Teen Mom (0.7 adults) and The Daily Show (0.6 adults). Its first showing was enough to rank second in total viewership among other cable programs that day to the Monday Night Football contest between the Miami Dolphins and Tampa Bay Buccaneers on ESPN.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}","char_index":480,"name":"THRrating","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":540391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.789276-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bibel|first=Sara|title=Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night Football' Wins Night, 'Love & Hip Hop', 'WWE Raw','Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' & More|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/|work=TV by the Numbers|publisher=Zap2it|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112225805/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":480,"name":"tvbythenumbers","url":"http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/11/12/monday-cable-ratings-monday-night-football-wins-night-love-hip-hop-wwe-rawreal-housewives-of-beverly-hills-more/215109/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8621,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.713566-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (25 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Tapi, diseluruh kabel, acara ini berhasil mengalahkan The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0,8 orang dewasa), Teen Mom (0,7 orang dewasa) dan The Daily Show (0,6 orang dewasa). Penayangan pertamanya cukup untuk menjadi peringkat kedua dalam total penonton di antara program kabel lain pada hari itu ke kontes Monday Night Football di antara Miami Dolphins dan Tampa Bay Buccaneers di ESPN. \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" tertinggi di 2–11, 6–11 dan 9–14 dalam demografik anak-anak.","translated_text":"But, across the cable, the show managed to beat The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (0.8 adults), Teen Mom (0.7 adults) and The Daily Show (0.6 adults). Its first showing was enough to rank second in total viewership among other cable programs that day to the Monday Night Football contest between the Miami Dolphins and Tampa Bay Buccaneers on ESPN. \"SpongeBob, You're Fired!\" peaked at 2 ⁇ 11, 6 ⁇ 11 and 9 ⁇ 14 in the children's demographic.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Jon|title=‘SpongeBob’ Loses Job, Earns Big Ratings for Nickelodeon|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=November 12, 2013|date=November 12, 2013|archive-date=2014-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117065009/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":478,"name":"variety","url":"http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/spongebob-loses-job-earns-big-ratings-for-nick-1200824175/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":485588,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.196212-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":1,"source_quality_raw_score":0.10150146484375},{"content":"{{cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title=TV Ratings: A Lot of Adults Watched Monday's 'SpongeBob SquarePants'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 13, 2013|date=November 12, 2013}}","char_index":478,"name":"THRrating","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/tv-ratings-a-lot-adults-655507","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":540391,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:12.789276-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.89453125}]},{"text":"Perkembangan plot episode dikritik karena ucapan yang merujuk ke Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Dalam salah satu adegan dari episode, Patrick Star mencoba menunjukkan SpongeBob \"manfaat pengangguran,\" yang dia balas dengan, \"Pengangguran mungkin menyenangkan untukmu, tetapi aku perlu mendapat pekerjaan.\" Adegan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan \"optimisme abadi dan keinginan untuk kembali bekerja\" SpongeBob dan \"melakukannya dengan cara yang masih lucu dan bisa dihubungkan.\"","translated_text":"The development of the episode plot was criticized for a speech referring to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. In one scene of the episode, Patrick Star tried to point out SpongeBob's \"unemployment benefits\", which he replied with, \"Unemployment may be fun for you, but I need to get a job\". This scene is meant to show \"eternal optimism and desire to get back to work\" SpongeBob and \"do it in a way that's still funny and connectable\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Fired, Sparks Political Debate [Video]|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/|work=The Inquisitr|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":491,"name":"Inqui","url":"http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":69985,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.837147-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91064453125}]},{"text":"Dalam salah satu adegan dari episode, Patrick Star mencoba menunjukkan SpongeBob \"manfaat pengangguran,\" yang dia balas dengan, \"Pengangguran mungkin menyenangkan untukmu, tetapi aku perlu mendapat pekerjaan.\" Adegan ini dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan \"optimisme abadi dan keinginan untuk kembali bekerja\" SpongeBob dan \"melakukannya dengan cara yang masih lucu dan bisa dihubungkan.\" Tapi, telah dilaporkan bahwa aktivis politik menganggapnya \"ucapan buruk\" untuk \"menghantam\" manfaat Food Stamps.","translated_text":"In one scene of the episode, Patrick Star tried to point out SpongeBob's \"unemployment benefits\", which he replied with, \"Unemployment may be fun for you, but I need to get a job\". This scene is meant to show \"eternal optimism and desire to get back to work\" SpongeBob and \"do it in a way that's still funny and connectable\". However, it has been reported that political activists consider it a \"bad word\" to \"hit\" the benefits of Food Stamps.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":497,"name":"MSN","url":"http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.964885-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants Fired, Sparks Political Debate [Video]|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/|work=The Inquisitr|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":497,"name":"Inqui","url":"http://www.inquisitr.com/1019991/spongebob-squarepants-fired-political-debate-food-stamps/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":69985,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.837147-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.91064453125},{"content":"{{cite web|last=McCalmont|first=Lucy|title=Jobless SpongeBob nets fans on right|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":497,"name":"Politico","url":"http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.010045-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Dalam laporan oleh The Hollywood Reporter, dikatakan bahwa episode mungkin memiliki agenda politik tentang jaringan keamananan sosial. Ditambahkan juga bahwa \"Ini bukan pertama kalinya SpongeBob mengarungi komentar sosial, tetapi biasanya ketika melakukannya, mengganggu yang kanan dan menyetujui yang kiri.\" The Hollywood Reported mengutip episode sebelumnya yaitu \"SpongeBob's Last Stand\" dan \"Selling Out\" dimana \"environmentalisme dimuliakan\" dan \"bisnis besar dijelekan.\"","translated_text":"In a report by The Hollywood Reporter, it was said that the episode may have a political agenda about social security networks. It added that \"this is not the first time SpongeBob has blocked social commentary, but usually when he does, he interrupts the right and approves the left\". The Hollywood Report quoted earlier episodes of \"SpongeBob's Last Stand\" and \"Selling Out\" where \"environmentalism is glorified\" and \"big business is consumed\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":476,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}]},{"text":"Menurut banyak sumber, garis cerita dikatakan sebagai \"simbol dari iklim ekonomi yang keras.\"","translated_text":"According to many sources, the storyline is said to be \"a symbol of a harsh economic climate\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob SquarePants ignites real-life media firestorm over social services after losing his job at the Krusty Crab|url=http://arts.nationalpost.com/2013/11/05/spongebob-squarepants-ignites-real-life-media-firestorm-over-social-services-after-losing-his-job-at-the-krusty-crab/|work=National Post|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":"http://arts.nationalpost.com/2013/11/05/spongebob-squarepants-ignites-real-life-media-firestorm-over-social-services-after-losing-his-job-at-the-krusty-crab/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":153,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.502065-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=Houston Chronicle|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":"http://www.chron.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.637855-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.sfgate.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":93,"name":null,"url":"http://www.sfgate.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.729174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Menurut banyak sumber, garis cerita dikatakan sebagai \"simbol dari iklim ekonomi yang keras.\" Plotnya kemudian memunculkan debal politik karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran.","translated_text":"According to many sources, the storyline is said to be \"a symbol of a harsh economic climate\". The plot later became politically flawed because of its image of unemployment.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":178,"name":"MSN","url":"http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.964885-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=SpongeBob gets fired, prompts political debate about food stamps|url=http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|publisher=MSN|accessdate=November 6, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107060110/http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":178,"name":"MSN","url":"http://now.msn.com/spongebob-squarepants-episode-prompts-political-debate","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:13.964885-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105110142/http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":4025,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.817110-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Weisman|first=Aly|title=SpongeBob Gets Fired From His Job Amid 'Harsh Underwater Economy' And Sparks A Real-Life Political Debate|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|work=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]]|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105110142/http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":178,"name":null,"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20131105110142/http://www.seattlepi.com/technology/businessinsider/article/SpongeBob-Gets-Fired-From-His-Job-Amid-Harsh-4954779.php","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.898132-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Plotnya kemudian memunculkan debal politik karena gambarannya terhadap pengangguran. Sebelum penayangan perdananya, New York Post mempublikasikan artikel tentang episode tersebut. Tapi, artikel itu dikritik karena pembuatnya, Andrea Morabito, menyerang \"orang miskin\" yang bergantung pada bantuan pemerintah, merujuk orang yang bergantung pada kupon makanan \"meminta-minta pelayanan sosial\" dan memuji SpongeBob karena segera kembali untuk mendapat \"pekerjaan yang bermanfaat.\"","translated_text":"The plot later became politically flawed because of its image of unemployment. Before the premiere, the New York Post published an article about the episode. However, the article was criticized for its creator, Andrea Morabito, attacking \"the poor\" who depend on government assistance, referring to people who depend on food stamps \"asking for social services\" and praising SpongeBob for coming back soon for \"beneficial work\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":477,"name":"Newscorp","url":"http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.568063-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":477,"name":"Newscorp","url":"http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.568063-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":477,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Sebelum penayangan perdananya, New York Post mempublikasikan artikel tentang episode tersebut. Tapi, artikel itu dikritik karena pembuatnya, Andrea Morabito, menyerang \"orang miskin\" yang bergantung pada bantuan pemerintah, merujuk orang yang bergantung pada kupon makanan \"meminta-minta pelayanan sosial\" dan memuji SpongeBob karena segera kembali untuk mendapat \"pekerjaan yang bermanfaat.\" \"Serangan\" ini ditiru oleh Fox News, dengan Heather Nauert di Fox & Friends, menganggap bahwa \"iklim ekonomi yang keras telah mengenai komunitas bawah laut,\" tetapi \"bukannya meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, itu kotanya, SpongeBob kembali untuk bekerja.\"","translated_text":"Before the premiere, the New York Post published an article about the episode. However, the article was criticized for its creator, Andrea Morabito, attacking \"the poor\" who depend on government assistance, referring to people who depend on food stamps \"asking for social services\" and praising SpongeBob for coming back soon for \"beneficial work\". This \"attack\" was imitated by Fox News, with Heather Nauert at Fox & Friends, considering that \"a harsh economic climate has hit the undersea community\", but \"it's not asking for social services in Bikini Bottom, it's his hometown, SpongeBob returning to work\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":550,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=Hannah Groch-Begley: Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants’ Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://thisny.com/hannah-groch-begley-right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firing-to-attack-social-safety-net/|publisher=ThisNY.com|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":663,"name":"ThisNY","url":"http://thisny.com/hannah-groch-begley-right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firing-to-attack-social-safety-net/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":5458,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:15.968468-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (80 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah New York Post dan Fox News memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America, sebuah kelompok watchdog media yang secara politik progressif, merespon.","translated_text":"After the New York Post and Fox News aired this episode, Media Matters for America, a politically progressive media watchdog group, responded.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":162,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":162,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}]},{"text":"Setelah New York Post dan Fox News memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America, sebuah kelompok watchdog media yang secara politik progressif, merespon. Menurut kelompok tersebut, media berita yang menyerang, keduanya dimiliki News Corporation, menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\"","translated_text":"After the New York Post and Fox News aired this episode, Media Matters for America, a politically progressive media watchdog group, responded. According to the group, the attacking news media, both owned by News Corporation, used the episode \"to target the poor who use social services\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=Entertainment- Fox News Uses 'SpongeBob' Episode to Attack Poor People (Video)|url=http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|publisher=U.S. Pro Cycling News|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|archive-date=2013-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103221924/http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html|dead-url=yes}}","char_index":345,"name":"Newscorp","url":"http://www.usprocyclingnews.com/entertainment-23/fox-news-uses-039-spongebob-039-episode-to-attack-poor-people-video-1720.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":114,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.568063-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is empty","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":345,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Setelah New York Post dan Fox News memperlihatkan episode ini, Media Matters for America, sebuah kelompok watchdog media yang secara politik progressif, merespon. Menurut kelompok tersebut, media berita yang menyerang, keduanya dimiliki News Corporation, menggunakan episode ini \"untuk menghantam orang miskin yang menggunakan pelayanan sosial.\" Dalam merespon Fox News, Media Matters segera memasang sebuah online item berjudul \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", berdebat bahwa keduanya \"menggunakan pemecatan karakter kartun fiksi SpongeBob SquarePants untuk menyerang jaringan keamanan sosial dan mereka yang bergantung padanya.\"","translated_text":"After the New York Post and Fox News aired this episode, Media Matters for America, a politically progressive media watchdog group, responded. According to the group, the attacking news media, both owned by News Corporation, used the episode \"to target the poor who use social services\". In response to Fox News, Media Matters immediately posted an online item titled \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", arguing that both \"used the firing of the fictional cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants to attack the social security network and those who depend on it\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":679,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":679,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Feldman|first=Josh|title=Who's Not Collecting Welfare Under the Sea? Spongebob Squarepants!|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/whos-not-collecting-welfare-under-the-sea-spongebob-squarepants/|publisher=[[Mediaite]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":679,"name":null,"url":"http://www.mediaite.com/online/whos-not-collecting-welfare-under-the-sea-spongebob-squarepants/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":102317,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:16.118691-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}]},{"text":"Dalam merespon Fox News, Media Matters segera memasang sebuah online item berjudul \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", berdebat bahwa keduanya \"menggunakan pemecatan karakter kartun fiksi SpongeBob SquarePants untuk menyerang jaringan keamanan sosial dan mereka yang bergantung padanya.\" Media Matters \"juga khususnya terganggu oleh ucapan dari cerita The Post: \"Jangan sampai dia duduk dengan malas, meminta-minta pelayanan sosial di Bikini Bottom, SpongeBob yang depresi kembali ke pekerjaan yang bermanfaat dimanapun dia bisa menemukannya,\" reporter Andrea Morabito menulis. \"Tidak ada spoiler—tapi aman untuk mengatakan pahlawan kita tidak mencari kupon makanan, karena kemampuan membuat pattynya rupanya sangat diinginkan.\"","translated_text":"In response to Fox News, Media Matters immediately posted an online item titled \"Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net\", arguing that both \"used the firing of the fictional cartoon character SpongeBob SquarePants to attack the social security network and those who depend on it\". Media Matters \"is also particularly disturbed by the remarks of The Post's story: \"Don't let him sit idly, begging for social services at Bikini Bottom, a depressed SpongeBob go back to a rewarding job wherever he can find it\", wrote reporter Andrea Morabito. \"There's no spoiler, but it's safe to say our heroes aren't looking for food coupons, because the ability to make pattynya seems so desirable\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Groch-Begley|first=Hanna|title=Right-Wing Media Use SpongeBob SquarePants' Firing To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 3, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":774,"name":"MMA","url":"http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/10/31/right-wing-media-use-spongebob-squarepants-firi/196685","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.622513-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":774,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Bond|first=Paul|title=SpongeBob's Firing Sparks Political Debate (Exclusive Video)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=November 5, 2013|date=November 4, 2013}}","char_index":774,"name":"THR","url":"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/spongebobs-firing-sparks-political-debate-652727","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":561873,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.212541-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":5,"source_quality_raw_score":0.92529296875}]},{"text":"SpongeBob SquarePants [...] Jadi seorang spons yang tinggal dalam nanas di bawah laut tidak perlu bantuan pemerintah. Apa artinya tidak ada yang perlu?\"","translated_text":"SpongeBob SquarePants is [...] So a sponge that lives in pine trees under the sea doesn't need government help. Does that mean nothing is needed?\"","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|title=MSNBC's Sharpton Ridicules Right-Wing Media For Using SpongeBob To Attack Social Safety Net|url=http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702|publisher=[[Media Matters for America]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013|author=Media Matters Staff}}","char_index":152,"name":"Sharpton1","url":"http://mediamatters.org/video/2013/10/31/msnbcs-sharpton-ridicules-right-wing-media-for/196702","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=utf-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":425,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.728180-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (13 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|title=PoliticsNation: SpongeBob and the poor?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/#53429223|publisher=MSNBC|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=October 31, 2013}}","char_index":152,"name":"Sharpton2","url":"http://www.nbcnews.com/id/45755884/vp/53429223/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":409,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.774174-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (3 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null},{"content":"{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":152,"name":"MJ","url":"http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}]},{"text":"Nickelodeon menolak untuk berkomentar tentang isu yang disebabkan pesan dalam episode.","translated_text":"Nickelodeon declined to comment on the issue caused by the message in the episode.","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=Suebsaeng|first=Asawin|title=Former Gay Propagandist SpongeBob SquarePants Is Now a Conservative Darling|url=http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine){{!}}Mother Jones]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":86,"name":"MJ","url":"http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2013/11/spongebob-squarepants-fox-news-food-stamps-unemployment-episode","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":185837,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:11.809528-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":4,"source_quality_raw_score":0.8349609375}]},{"text":"Tapi, Russell Hicks dari Nickelodeon berkata bahwa acara \"menyentuh berita, tetapi tidak memberi pesan kecondongan atau ideologi apapun dalam sebuah episode.\" Dalam sebuah pernyataan, Hicks berkata \"Seperti semua kartun hebat, bagian dari sukses SpongeBob yang panjang memiliki kemampuan untuk menyentuh semangat waktu tertentu tetapi tetap lucu untuk penonton. Seperti biasa, meskipun dengan rintangan ini, optimisme SpongeBob yang abadi akan berhasil, yang selalu merupakan pesan hebat ke semua orang.\"","translated_text":"However, Nickelodeon's Russell Hicks says that the show \"touches the news, but does not convey any bias or ideology in an episode\". In a statement, Hicks said: \"Like all great cartoons, part of SpongeBob's long-running success has the ability to touch the spirit of a particular time but remain funny to the audience. As always, despite these obstacles, SpongeBob's enduring optimism will succeed, which is always a great message to everyone\".","citations":[{"content":"{{cite web|last=McCalmont|first=Lucy|title=Jobless SpongeBob nets fans on right|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}","char_index":504,"name":"Politico","url":"http://www.politico.com/story/2013/11/jobless-spongebob-nets-fans-on-right-99375.html","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":"text/html; charset=UTF-8","source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":8739,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:14.010045-05:00","source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":"Text is too short (6 words)","source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]},{"text":"Utama","translated_text":"Primary","citations":[{"content":"{{cite 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Castro\n| occupation = [[Aktor]], penyanyi, seniman, selebritas internet\n| years_active = 2009–sekarang\n| spouse = \n| partner = \n| website = \n}}\n'''Benjamin Brian Castro''' atau lebih dikenal dengan nama '''Sebastian Castro''' ({{lahirmati|[[Oceanside, New York|Oceanside]], [[New York]], U.S.A.|22|012|1989}}) adalah\npemeran film, penyanyi, dan artis visual [[Amerika Serikat]] berdarah [[Jepang]]-[[peru]]via.\nIa dikenal publik atas video-videonya yang diunggah pada situs [[Youtube]].{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Fringe|title=Meet ‘Bubble’ boy Sebastian Castro|url=http://www.fringemag.net/web/meet-bubble-boy-sebastian-castro/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-28}}\n\n== Referensi ==\n\n{{reflist}}\n\n{{Authority control}}\n\n[[Kategori:Pemeran Amerika Serikat]]\n[[Kategori:Penyanyi Amerika Serikat|sebastian castro]]\n\n\n{{Bio-stub}}","hash":"da6ac4adbf984e1acf81d79b31e8086ea937f9e32374e5a367977461f7535b3b","last_revision":"2022-11-30T13:38:44Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T11:34:02Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:34.669707","cross_lingual_links":{"arz":"بينچامين بريان كاسترو","ckb":"بنیامین برایان کاسترۆ","en":"Seb Castro","es":"Seb Castro","ko":"벤저민 브라이언 카스트로","pa":"ਸੇਬ ਕਾਸਤਰੋ","pt":"Benjamin Brian Castro","zh":"塞巴·卡斯楚"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:51.128108","text":"Benjamin Brian Castro atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Sebastian Castro () adalah pemeran film, penyanyi, dan artis visual Amerika Serikat berdarah Jepang-peruvia. Ia dikenal publik atas video-videonya yang diunggah pada situs Youtube.\n\nKategori:Pemeran Amerika Serikat sebastian castro\n","elements":[{"type":"infobox","content":"{{Infobox person\n| name = Sebastian Castro\n| image = Sebastian Castro.jpg\n| caption = Castro pada Agustus 2011\n| birth_name = Benjamin Brian Castro\n| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|12|22}}\n| birth_place = [[Oceanside, New York|Oceanside]], [[New York]], AS\n| other_names = Seb Castro, Brian Castro\n| occupation = [[Aktor]], penyanyi, seniman, selebritas internet\n| years_active = 2009–sekarang\n| spouse = \n| partner = \n| website = \n}}"},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Benjamin Brian Castro atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Sebastian Castro () adalah pemeran film, penyanyi, dan artis visual Amerika Serikat berdarah Jepang-peruvia.","translated_text":"Benjamin Brian Castro or better known as Sebastian Castro () is a Japanese-Peruvia film actor, singer, and visual artist of the United States.","trailing_whitespace":" ","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"text":"Ia dikenal publik atas video-videonya yang diunggah pada situs Youtube.","translated_text":"He is known to the public for his videos uploaded to Youtube.","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Fringe|title=Meet ‘Bubble’ boy Sebastian Castro|url=http://www.fringemag.net/web/meet-bubble-boy-sebastian-castro/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-28}}","char_index":71,"name":"youtube","url":"http://www.fringemag.net/web/meet-bubble-boy-sebastian-castro/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:16.872280-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Referensi","translated_text":"References","level":2,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"Kategori:Pemeran Amerika Serikat sebastian castro","translated_text":"Category:U.S. play by Sebastian Castro","trailing_whitespace":"","citations":[],"citations_needed":[]}]}],"excerpts_with_citations":[{"text":"Benjamin Brian Castro atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Sebastian Castro () adalah pemeran film, penyanyi, dan artis visual Amerika Serikat berdarah Jepang-peruvia. Ia dikenal publik atas video-videonya yang diunggah pada situs Youtube.","translated_text":"Benjamin Brian Castro or better known as Sebastian Castro () is a Japanese-Peruvia film actor, singer, and visual artist of the United States. He is known to the public for his videos uploaded to Youtube.","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=Fringe|title=Meet ‘Bubble’ boy Sebastian Castro|url=http://www.fringemag.net/web/meet-bubble-boy-sebastian-castro/|language=en-US|access-date=2022-11-28}}","char_index":233,"name":"youtube","url":"http://www.fringemag.net/web/meet-bubble-boy-sebastian-castro/","source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":"2024-12-06T09:55:16.872280-05:00","source_download_error":"Download is empty","source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}]}]} +{"title":"Saint-Jean-de-Beugné","wikicode":"#ALIH [[Komune di departemen 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\n''Hydroprogne tschegrava''
\n''Helopus caspius''\n}}\n[[File:Hydroprogne caspia MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.127.3.jpg|thumb|''Hydroprogne caspia'']]\n'''Dara-laut caspia''' adalah spesies burung dalam famili [[Sternidae]]. Burung ini tersebar di pesisir dan danau pedalaman [[Amerika Utara]], dan [[Amerika Selatan]] bagian utara, [[Eropa]], [[Asia]] [[Afrika]], [[Hindia Barat]], [[Australia]] dan [[Selandia Baru]]. Di [[Indonesia]], dara-laut caspia adalah pengembara yang jarang di [[Sunda Besar]], [[Wallacea]] dan [[Papua]], pernah tercatat satu kali di pesisir [[Sumatra Timur]] dan [[Brunei Darussalam]].{{cite web |url= http://www.kutilang.or.id/burung/konservasi/dara-laut-caspia/ |title= Dara-laut caspia |publisher= Kutilang Indonesia |accessdate= 28 April 2014 |archive-date= 2014-04-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140429061719/http://www.kutilang.or.id/burung/konservasi/dara-laut-caspia/ |dead-url= yes }}\n\n== Karakteristik ==\n=== Morfologi ===\n''Sterna caspia'' berukuran sekitar 48-55 cm. ''S. caspia'' dewasa yang berbiak ditandai dengan dahi hingga tengkuk serba hitam. ''S. caspia'' dewasa yang tidak berbiak memiliki paruh merah yang tebal. {{Cite book|last=Robson|first=Craig|date=2007|title=NEW HOLLAND FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA : THAILAND, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS, MYANMAR|location=London|publisher=New Holland|pages=118|url-status=live}}\n[[File:Skräntärna - Sterna caspia - 2011.jpg|left|thumb|Adult - juvenil.]]\n\n===Suara===\n''S. caspia'' menghasilkan suara ''Kraah'', ''krakrah'', dan ''kretch'' yang serak. \n\n=== Habitat ===\n'' S. caspia'' dapat ditemukan di kolam\npesisir, dataran lumpur, pasir, sungai besar, danau atau daratan rendah. \n\n== Referensi ==\n{{reflist}}\n{{Taxonbar|from=Q27129}}\n\n[[Kategori:Hydroprogne]]\n[[Kategori:Burung Pakistan]]\n[[Kategori:Burung Selandia Baru]]\n[[Kategori:Burung Turki]]","hash":"95f46dde3a2b32bbca5840e712b400fb680c28bc685b68bd008248bf46eff599","last_revision":"2024-02-05T02:40:11Z","first_revision":"2014-04-28T11:38:42Z","first_revision_access_date":"2025-01-22T16:45:35.526962","cross_lingual_links":{"af":"Reusesterretjie","ar":"خرشنة قزوينية","arz":"خرشنه قزوينيه","ast":"Hydroprogne caspia","avk":"Krepay (Hydroprogne)","az":"Hydroprogne caspia","bg":"Каспийска рибарка","br":"Skrav-Kaspia","ca":"Xatrac gros","ceb":"Hydroprogne caspia","cs":"Rybák velkozobý","cy":"Môr-wennol gawraidd","da":"Rovterne","de":"Raubseeschwalbe","dv":"މިޔަރެމު ދޫނި","el":"Καρατζάς (πτηνό)","en":"Caspian tern","eo":"Kaspia ŝterno","es":"Hydroprogne caspia","et":"Räusktiir","eu":"Txenada mokogorri","fa":"پرستودریایی خزری","fi":"Räyskä","fo":"Brituterna","fr":"Sterne caspienne","frr":"Hääfbaker","ga":"Geabhróg Chaispeach","gl":"Carrán do Caspio","he":"שחפית כספית","hu":"Lócsér","hy":"Կասպիական ծովածիծառ","it":"Hydroprogne caspia","ja":"オニアジサシ","ka":"ჩეგრავა","kbd":"ТхьэрыкъуэкӀэзэгуэх","kk":"Үлкен қырқылдақ","lt":"Plėšrioji žuvėdra","mi":"Taranui","mk":"Касписка рибарка","ml":"വലിയ ചെങ്കൊക്കൻ ആള","ms":"Camar Kaspian","my":"မြစ်တွေးနှုတ်နီ","ne":"केकरा फ्यालफ्याले","nl":"Reuzenstern","nn":"Rovterne","nb":"Rovterne","nv":"Tónteel táshchozhii bidaaʼ łichíʼígíí","olo":"Suuričiirakko","pl":"Rybitwa wielkodzioba","pms":"Hydroprogne tschegrava","pnb":"کیسپین ٹرن","pt":"Garajau-grande","ro":"Pescăriță mare","ru":"Чеграва","sd":"کرو","sk":"Čegrava veľkozobá","sv":"Skräntärna","ta":"காஸ்பியன் ஆலா","tr":"Hazar sumrusu","uk":"Крячок каспійський","uz":"Chegrava","vi":"Nhàn Caspi","war":"Sterna caspia","wuu":"红嘴巨鸥","zh":"红嘴巨鸥"},"cross_lingual_links_access_date":"2025-01-11T01:14:51.182014","text":"Dara-laut caspia adalah spesies burung dalam famili Sternidae. Burung ini tersebar di pesisir dan danau pedalaman Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan bagian utara, Eropa, Asia Afrika, Hindia Barat, Australia dan Selandia Baru. Di Indonesia, dara-laut caspia adalah pengembara yang jarang di Sunda Besar, Wallacea dan Papua, pernah tercatat satu kali di pesisir Sumatra Timur dan Brunei Darussalam.\n\nSterna caspia berukuran sekitar 48-55 cm. S. caspia dewasa yang berbiak ditandai dengan dahi hingga tengkuk serba hitam. 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","citations":[{"content":"{{Cite book|last=Robson|first=Craig|date=2007|title=NEW HOLLAND FIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA : THAILAND, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS, MYANMAR|location=London|publisher=New Holland|pages=118|url-status=live}}","char_index":67,"name":":0","url":null,"source_text":null,"source_code_content_type":null,"source_code_num_bytes":null,"source_code_num_chars":null,"source_download_date":null,"source_download_error":null,"source_extract_error":null,"source_snippet":null,"source_quality_label":null,"source_quality_raw_score":null}],"citations_needed":[]}]},{"type":"heading","text":"Habitat","translated_text":"Habitat","level":3,"citations":[],"citations_needed":[]},{"type":"paragraph","sentences":[{"text":"S. caspia dapat ditemukan di kolam pesisir, dataran lumpur, pasir, sungai besar, danau atau daratan rendah.","translated_text":"S. caspia can be found in coastal pools, mud flats, sand, large rivers, lakes or 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Burung ini tersebar di pesisir dan danau pedalaman Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan bagian utara, Eropa, Asia Afrika, Hindia Barat, Australia dan Selandia Baru. Di Indonesia, dara-laut caspia adalah pengembara yang jarang di Sunda Besar, Wallacea dan Papua, pernah tercatat satu kali di pesisir Sumatra Timur dan Brunei Darussalam.","translated_text":"Blood - sea caspia is a species of bird in the family Sternidae. 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S. caspia dewasa yang berbiak ditandai dengan dahi hingga tengkuk serba hitam. S. caspia dewasa yang tidak berbiak memiliki paruh merah yang tebal.","translated_text":"Sterna caspia is about 48-55 cm in size. The adult S. caspia is characterized by a blackish forehead to neck. 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