journal,id,question,cover_image,answer,option_A,option_A_path,option_A_embedding_name,option_A_embedding_id,option_B,option_B_path,option_B_embedding_name,option_B_embedding_id,option_C,option_C_path,option_C_embedding_name,option_C_embedding_id,option_D,option_D_path,option_D_embedding_name,option_D_embedding_id,split
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.png,C,Virus-like particles are unique platforms for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Addition of a small peptide to the C-terminus on the exterior of P22 virus-like particles (red) enables covalent attachment (orange) of proteins containing polyglycine sequences on their N-termini (yellow) through the targeted catalysis by the enzyme sortase (green). Covalent attachment via sortase enables the construction of robust hybrid virus-like particles produced through this highly targeted and very general genetic approach to bioconjugation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2017_5.txt,sbert,2017_5.txt,"Once protease inhibitors bind, macrodilution or protein denaturation is required to remove them. In this work, a novel methodology for controlling the enzymatic activity uniquely from OFF to ON through biotin-streptavidin affinity was presented. A directly biotinylated inhibitor of HIV-1 protease and human cathepsin D was effective for avoiding autolysis and as an eluent for simple detection of activity purified from human serum and cells. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 6IXD and PDB ID: 1N43)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2019_6.txt,multiBv1,2019_6.txt,"Efficient synthesis of novel glucuronic acid glycodendrimers with different scaffolds and different levels of multivalency as potent Dengue virus inhibitors. Using SPR and molecular modeling studies, the antiviral activity of these glycodendrimers was evaluated against Dengue virus. This antiviral evaluation indicated that glycodendrimers with flexible scaffolds and a high level of multivalency present strong binding affinity. This family of glycodendrimers can be considered as novel Dengue virus lead compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"PG-surfactants are a kind of lipopeptide having a gemini molecular structure, which consists of two alkyl-chain-modified cysteine residues, a short linker peptide between them, and periphery peptides at the N- and C-terminal sides. In this study, we successfully developed novel antimicrobial PG-surfactants that can exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum as well as low damage to red blood cells. This is the first example of synthesized lipopeptides that fulfills both the requirements above for therapeutic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.png,D,Picking up contaminant proteins from the proteome ocean. New protein contaminant FASTA and spectral libraries were established and were proven to benefit both DDA and DIA proteomics. New contaminant protein libraries are freely available and should be included in all bottom-up proteomics data analysis pipelines. Cover art designed by the Ling Hao research group and completed by the Robert Gates Graphics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_4.txt,ave_3,2022_4.txt,Supramolecular probe-based exosome array enabled high-throughput downstream validation of protein biomarkers discovered from large scale proteomic analysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,Differential proteome profiling analysis under pesticides stress using a Nano-UPLC-MS/MS untargeted proteomic-based approach on a 3D-developed neurospheroids model enables identification of cell regulation processes involved in tumor invasiveness and persistence as well as the prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human IDH1-mutant high-grade gliomas.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.png,B,"In this Review, Jost et al. provide a conceptual framework that integrates scientific knowledge about cognitive-motivational mechanisms that influence political polarization and the social-communicative contexts in which they are enacted.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_3.txt,multiBv1,1_3.txt,"In this Review, Čehajić-Clancy & Halperin consolidate research from four domains in social psychology (prejudice reduction, conflict resolution, intergroup reconciliation and affective polarization) to elucidate the critical features necessary for successful intergroup interventions.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"The patient-therapist alliance is the most consistent predictor of treatment outcome in psychotherapy. In this Review, Zilcha-Mano and Fisher synthesize the literature that distinguishes between state-like strengthening of alliance throughout treatment and trait-like differences between individuals in alliance strength to elucidate when and why alliance predicts treatment outcome. See Zilcha-Mano & Fisher
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_9.txt,sbert,1_9.txt,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.png,C,"Materials scientists and engineers can advance bioinspired machine intelligence by designing soft robots like those shown as robotic materials. Robotic materials are composites that tightly couple actuation, sensing, power, and control capabilities through novel forms and functionalities. (Image credit: Ryan L. Truby).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,"The fabrication of copper-based materials with the controlled atomic arrangement and valence states based on neural network-accelerated computational simulations and skilled synthetic chemistry. Using these catalytic nanoparticles coupled with novel reactors, the selectivity of the target product is improved and the energy consumption of CO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Inspired by enzyme catalysis, the microenvironment is recognized to be as vital as catalytic sites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring atomically precise and well tunable structures, are an ideal platform for rational regulation of the microenvironment surrounding catalytic sites, thereby manipulating the catalytic performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_8.txt,sbert,2021_8.txt,train
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.png,C,"Estrone (E1) is commonly associated with human and livestock wastes, but has received far less attention than the more potent 17β-estradiol (E2) relative to feminization of fish. In this study, it was found that male fathead minnows exposed to environmentally-relevant levels of E1 readily convert the steroid to E2, to a degree sufficient to feminize the fish.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2017_15.txt,ave_3,2017_15.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,We,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_15.txt,ave_2,2021_15.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_413,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_413.png,A,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on the effects of adenylyl cyclase 5 signaling on cardiac hypertrophy and other disorders associated with aging. [Image: David M. Allen, Purdue University]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_413.txt,groundtruth,2007_413.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that presents the phosphoproteomic analysis of hearts from mice treated with combinations of drugs targeting specific β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). In addition to identifying previously uncharacterized peptides and sites phosphorylated in response to β1AR signaling, this analysis may help in understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of heart diseases. The image shows an artist's depiction of the human heart and circulatory system. [Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_278.txt,allv2,6_278.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Coulis et al. report that oxidation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B alters microRNA processing to promote thyroid hormone–induced cardiac hypertrophy. The image shows how cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of PTP1B exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy triggered by pressure overload. Credit: Coulis et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_730.txt,sbert,15_730.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Review about NAADP and how it contributes to calcium signaling. The image is a crystal of the CD38 protein bound to NAD, the NAADP precursor. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_44.txt,multiBv1,1_44.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.png,D,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_9.png,D,"Fast advances in cancer genomics and immunology challenge traditional paradigms in
clinical oncology. On pages 101–109 in this issue, Subbiah and Kurzrock discuss the
shift from on-size-fits-all therapies to customized drug combinations, and why future
cancer research and practice models must adapt innovative, precise and personalized
patient-centric approaches. Cover design by iStock/DrAfter123.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"The move towards effective personalized cancer targeted therapy relies on the wise
application of genomics but also on a comprehensive understanding of tumor biology.
On pages 19–27 in this issue, Allegrezza and Conejo-Garcia discuss the effects of
targeted drugs on anti-tumor immunity; on pages 28–38, Yoshihama et al. evaluate the potential of targeting NLRC5/CITA to boost immunotherapies; on pages
39–55, Knudsen and Witkiewicz debate a more precise use of CDK4/6 inhibitors; and
on pages 56–71, Colak and ten Dijke review the complexities of targeting TGF-β in
cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_12.txt,multiBv1,3_12.txt,"Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking and have been shown to
exert both pro- and antitumorigenic functions in the tumor microenvironment. New
strategies are being tested to utilize chemokines and chemokine receptors to improve
immunotherapies. In this issue, Märkl et al. review recent advances in applying or
targeting chemokines in monotherapy or in combination therapies for the treatment
of cancer. The cover depicts immunotherapy strategies (pied piper) using chemokines
(orange and yellow circles) to attract cells expressing specific chemokine receptors
(mice
with chemokine receptors) to exert antitumorigenic effects and improve immunotherapy
efficacy. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from
gettyimages/Dynamic Graphics, 2007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_5.txt,ave_3,8_5.txt,"In the evolving era of cancer immunotherapy, combination strategies
are becoming ever more effective in overcoming challenges associated with PD-1
monotherapy. In this issue, Hashimoto et al. discuss the potential of PD-1/IL-2
combination regimen in enhancing anti-cancer therapy efficacy through shaping the
differentiation trajectory of CD8 T cells, thereby impacting their exhaustion program.
The cover depicts an effector CD8 T cell (upper right), generated by PD-1 blockade
and
IL-2 therapy, effectively finding and killing malignant cells (lower left). The cover
image
was created by Mie Yoshimura.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_9.txt,groundtruth,10_9.txt,test
Nature Protocols,19_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_10.png,D,"Human blood vessel organoid
Confocal image of a blood vessel organoid derived from human pluripotent stem cells, immunostained with CD31 to visualize endothelial networks (cyan) and PDGFR-b to label pericytes (magenta).
See Wimmer et al.
Image: Reiner Wimmer. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_2.txt,allv2,14_2.txt,"Human neurons in culture
Image of human striatal organoids that are derived from pluripotent stem cells in vitro and can be integrated with cortical cells to form cortico-striatal assembloids.
See Miura et al.
Image: Sergiu P. Pașca, Stanford University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_12.txt,ave_3,17_12.txt,"Neural assembloids
A fluorescent image of a 3D human cortical spheroid (hCS) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells that was plated on a glass coverslip and immunostained with antibodies against MAP2 (neurons; green), GFAP (glial lineage cells; purple) and DAPI (nucleiI, blue).
See Sloan et al.
Image: Image taken from the protocol by Sloan et al. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_4.txt,ave_2,13_4.txt,"Studying human brain vascular cells with single-cell transcriptomics and organoids
Human brain vascular cells, including endothelial and mural cells, can be purified with FACS and used in many downstream applications, including cell culture, transcriptomics and organoid transplants. This image shows vascular cells labeled with GFP and transplanted on top of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical organoids. See Crouch et al. p603
Image : Elizabeth Crouch, University of California San Francisco. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_10.txt,groundtruth,19_10.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.png,B,"The illustration is an artistic representation of the abundance of chirality in nature, including the compound (R-/S-MBA)2CuBr4 reported in this issue. It depicts how the pronounced chirality of the organic molecule (R-/S-MBA) is abundantly transferred to the inorganic units, CuBr4. Chiral MBA rotates these nearly isolated 0D CuBr4 in successive layers via hydrogen bonding and electronic interactions, giving rise to a screw axis in the system. Interestingly, the nearly 0D inorganic units within the same layer weakly interact with each other through short Br",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,A host–guest approach is developed for the induction of chiral luminescence in a series of achiral porphyrin nanostructures through their co-assembly with chiral gelators. Modulating specific interactions between the host and guest helped achieve intense chiral emission with desired handedness.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"A high-performance nanogenerator coupling pore dipole effect, triboelectric effect, and piezoelectric effect is developed through nanoporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)/BaTiO3 composite electrospun fibers, which exhibits great potential in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_8.txt,multiBv1,2022_8.txt,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_2.png,A,"Best practices in microbiology
Best practices in microbiology range from learning sterile techniques or streaking your bacterial strain of choice, to defining frameworks to facilitate data sharing. These practices guide us towards more robust, reproducible, ethical and sustainable science and facilitate major advances. This month’s focus issue features a set of Perspectives that discuss best practices for microbiome research, specifically synthetic communities and the design of clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics. To accompany the issue, we present a Series hosting an evolving collection of articles that will expand over time to highlight tools, frameworks and resources that push us towards better microbiology research.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes
Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.
See Vitkup, D. et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,multiBv1,9_5.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,test
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.png,D,"Although we aim to understand the molecular underpinnings of cellular signalling events,
inconsistencies and discord abound in the published literature. Do our in vitro experiments
and in silico modelling efforts accurately capture the nature of in vivo events? How
can we best make biochemical sense of the biological world? On pages 471–482 of this
issue, Toby Gibson outlines conserved features of cellular signalling events, and
discusses how this knowledge might facilitate experimental design and interpretation.
Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/34_3.txt,multiBv1,34_3.txt,"On pages 472–483 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Goodsell, Olson, and Forli provide an update, almost thirty years in the making,
of how structural information can be integrated with light microscopy and -omics data,
among others, to depict the cellular mesoscale. This is the level at where one can
observe how individual molecular components come together and interact in living systems.
For example, on the cover, the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting pathway is illustrated.
Cover image designed by Dr. Goodsell, in collaboration with Daniel Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_7.txt,ave_2,45_7.txt,"Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are prevalent across the kingdoms of life
and exist in a collection of structurally interconverting states known as an ensemble.
Because such ensembles lack an extensive network of intramolecular contacts, their
physical dimensions are inherently sensitive to changes in their physiochemical environment
(e.g., pH, temperature, and chemical composition). On pages 1019–1034, the Sukenik
and Holehouse labs discuss how the unique sensitivity of disordered regions may allow
them to function as sensors of cellular state. Cover image by Alex Holehouse.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_1.txt,allv2,48_1.txt,"Osmotic stress conditions cause changes in the physicochemical
properties of the cellular environment, including macromolecular crowding. Recent
progress has shed light on how cells sense such environmental perturbations (e.g.
temperature, pH, and crowding). On pages 480–493 in this issue, Meneses-Reyes et al.
discuss how intrinsically disordered regions in proteins can sense macromolecular
crowding in plants and provide a tool guide for tracking macromolecular crowding in
living cells. Cover image by Cesar Cuevas-Velazquez, inspired by Mexican seed art.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_7.txt,groundtruth,49_7.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.png,C,"On the cover: Chemical biology has made significant contributions to cancer research.
In recognition of this, we decided to focus our special issue on cancer chemical biology
and on the efforts that have led to the range of small molecules and platforms that
are making a difference in both clinical practice and basic cancer biology. Therefore,
all of the topics we selected for this special issue revolve around the idea of chemical
biology as a driver of technology development and as a strategy that helps us to better
understand basic cancer biology. The cover design captures our keen interest in cancer
chemical biology as a magnifying glass that can bring cancer cell biology into focus.
Cover credit: iStock/vitanovski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/24_4.txt,allv2,24_4.txt,"On the cover: Promotion of immune infiltration and activation within the tumor microenvironment
using a tumor-targeting immunostimulant (turquoise peptide-oligo conjugate). In this
issue, Miller et al. (451–462) conjugate an immune-stimulating CpG oligonucleotide
to a unique tumor-targeting peptide that localizes to tumors by binding tumor-associated
integrins (purple receptors). Systemic administration of this tumor-targeted immunostimulant
transforms the tumor immune landscape leading to massive infiltration of T cells (blue
cells) and B cells (purple cells). Cover art by Caitlyn Miller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_10.txt,sbert,29_10.txt,"On the cover: Immune checkpoint blockade mediated by therapeutic antibodies has revolutionized
cancer treatment yet still fails many patients. Xu, Chen, Olszewski, et al. show that shortage of the building blocks (gray and red molecules) for purine synthesis
present a metabolic bottleneck (second gate) for tumor-infiltrating T cells (blue).
One-carbon supplementation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (first gate)
can overcome these barriers to anti-cancer immunity, leading to durable tumor regressions.
Image courtesy of the authors. 3D models by LucasPresoto, jimbogies, AnshiNoWara NG+,
and ep2au are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"On the cover: After reaching the extracellular environment, the immunotransmitter
cGAMP (yellow/orange/green shapes; left) is degraded into pieces by the enzyme ENPP1
(black jaws). This enzyme activity dampens the STING-mediated innate immune response
to cancer. Guided by a crystal structure, Carozza et al. search for small molecule
inhibitors (geometric puzzle piece shapes; right) that both anchor the catalytic zincs
in ENPP1 and snuggle into the hydrophobic pocket, ultimately succeeding in blocking
ENPP1 activity. These inhibitors delay tumor growth in mice (depicted as tumor growth
curves; background). Original artwork by Daniel Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_2.txt,multiBv1,27_2.txt,val
ACS Catalysis,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.png,C,"A nitrogen-anion decorating strategy has been developed to optimize the electrocatalytic activity of metallic CoS2 porous nanowire arrays. The N-CoS2 nanowire/carbon cloth 3D electrode shows significantly enhanced HER performance, highlighting that N-anion engineering plays a vital role in the design of highly efficient HER electrocatalysts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2017_2.txt,multiBv1,2017_2.txt,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,sbert,2021_3.txt,"A mild photochemical etching strategy was designed to induce nitrogen vacancies at the center of heptazine rings over g-C3N4 holey nanosheets, which enhance CO2 photoreduction via delocalized π electron clouds with tunable electronic structures and mid-gap states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Inspired by thylakoid in chloroplast, a capsular structure is explored as a compatible design strategy to coordinate photocatalysis and biocatalysis for CO2 reduction. The capsular structure, or “artificial thylakoid”, compartmentalizes the photo-generated holes with enzymes, and transfers photo-generated electrons to enzymes through NADH, thus enabling superior sustainability and high efficiency of the artificial photosynthesis process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_43,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.png,B,"Lignin model compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) and hardwood and softwood lignin samples were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide oxidation to evaluate methoxy substituents' effect in C4-DCA production (succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, and tartaric acids).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_43.txt,sbert,2021_43.txt,"Phenolation is introduced as a simple yet very efficient modification strategy to improve the reactivity of hydrolysis lignin, resulting in better-defined bioaromatic fractions that are suitable for the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_43.txt,groundtruth,2024_43.txt,"The catalytic HDC is a technically viable and inexpensive process for the treatment of 4-chloro 2-amino phenol bearing contaminated water into a reusable product, 2-amino phenol.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_13.txt,multiBv1,2022_13.txt,"High-purity and high-quality lignins were obtained from optimized ethanol organosolvent. Sugarcane bagasse is an excellent source of lignin for application in material science because of its high lignin recovery, purity, thermal stability, and the presence of reactive sites for polymerization in the aromatic ring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_41.txt,allv2,2022_41.txt,val
Trends in Genetics,40_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_12.png,A,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.
In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic
basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty
Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,groundtruth,40_12.txt,"Clytia hemispharica is emerging as a promising experimental model for studies in development
and evolution. In this issue, Forêt et al. (pp. 154–158) discuss the relative importance
of ancestral and novel genes in the emergence of cnidarian traits, while Houliston
et al. (pp. 159–167) introduce Clytia as a new model organism for developmental genetic
studies. The cover image shows an adult C. hemispharica jellyfish, measuring about
1cm in diameter. Image credit: Tsuyoshi Momose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/26_9.txt,sbert,26_9.txt,"Population genetic models typically show a paradigm of slow molecular evolution; however,
more recent studies have painted a different picture showing that phenotypic traits
can often change dramatically over the course of only a few generations. On pages
408–418 in this issue, Messer et al. report on how new techniques and research in understanding rapid evolution are helping
to refine current population genetic models. The cover image shows variation among
chiclid fish. Image courtesy of iStockPhoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_6.txt,allv2,32_6.txt,"In this issue: Genomic resources and profound ecological knowledge
make Littorina snails useful models for speciation studies. Ecotypes and closely related
species adapted to different rocky-shore environments form hybrid zones where
reproductive isolation can be investigated. In this issue, Kerstin Johannesson and
co-authors
show that evolution of reproductive isolation can take different paths and is best
analysed using multi-dimensional frameworks. Contrary to expectations they suggest
that ecotype formation rarely leads to new species and that chromosomal inversions
play a greater role in local adaptation than in completion of reproductive isolation.
Illustration by Patrik Larsson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_9.txt,multiBv1,40_9.txt,train
Nature Food,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_2.png,C,"Urban agriculture
Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Structural and farm-level innovation for sustainable pork in China
Pork supply in China is expected to increase between 2017 and 2050, as population and pork consumption per capita increases. Almost 90% of pork will be produced by medium and large farms, and this intensification will increase the cropland use per kilogram of pork and the footprints of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. The contribution of pork and the environmental impact from small farms will decrease over time. Structural interventions can address negative impacts of this transition, including through relocation of production across regions, international trade and demand-side adjustments. Farm-level technical measures to reduce the environmental impact of pork production include the use of feed additives, low-protein feeding, anaerobic digestion and improved manure management. Scenarios of structural adjustment and farm-level technical measures are modelled to support sustainability of the pork supply chain in China to 2050.
See Tong et al.
Image: Wolfgang Kaehler / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"Cultivated meat techno-economic analyses
Cultivated meat could provide dietary protein with lower resource use than conventional beef production. Current techno-economic analyses exploring scaled-up production adopt different assumptions and processing approaches. Scale-up feasibility is likely to depend on the use of plant-based components to save costs on cell culture media, developing sustainable food-grade aseptic conditions and extensive scaling of related supply chains. Technological advancements need to address serum-free differentiation, new bioreactor designs, media recycling and valorization, and facility design that can support large-scale production.
See Shirwaiker et al.
Image: Jochen Tack / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Agricultural by-products for feed
Global consumption of animal-sourced foods must decrease if more sustainable food systems are to be achieved. Yet, projections suggest that the demand for livestock products will continue to grow over the next half-century. Strategies to curb the demand for crop-based feed are therefore key to reduce environmental impacts and free up land and water resources for agricultural production for human consumption. The replacement of some substitutable feed crops with available agricultural by-products, such as cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains and citrus pulp, is one of these strategies. Replacing 11–16% of energy-rich feed crops (that is, cereals and cassava) with agricultural by-products is estimated to save approximately 15–27 Mha of land, as well as 3–19 km3 and 74–137 km3 of blue and green water, respectively.
See Govoni et al.
Image: Design Pics Inc / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Shinde et al. present CMI-PB, a data resource and challenge contest to develop computational models
predicting vaccine responses. The cover image draws inspiration from the “blind man
and elephant” parable, showing blindfolded scientists each bringing their own expertise
to solve a multifaceted systems biology problem represented by the elephant and involving
the multi-omics datatypes represented at the top. Courtesy: Unsplash (Wolfgang Hasselmann)
and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.txt,allv2,4_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kim et al. combine a black box optimizer with a white box logical model to create a gray box
framework for predicting anti-cancer drug responses. The cover image depicts silver
cubes representing the gray box framework. Cover image courtesy gettyimages/Iana Kunitsa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Hall et al. introduce the MAP (migration analysis of peripheral immune cells) chip, a microfluidic
platform for live, single-cell profiling of immune cell migration in response to a
variety of stimuli. The cover image depicts tracking of human monocytes (multicolored)
navigating through the chemotactic maze microchannels in the MAP chip and is courtesy
of Alice Tsai and Mehdi Jorfi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.txt,sbert,4_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_2,5_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.png,B,"Avidity in antibody drug design, inspired by the Review on p715.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_3.txt,allv2,21_3.txt,"The bispecific antibody landscape, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_9.txt,groundtruth,23_9.txt,"Antibodies to combat viral infections, inspired by the Review on p676.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.png,D,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.
It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent
the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered
throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation
efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence
of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Liang et al. explore machine learning in the field of materials science
by predicting polymer compatibility. In the cover image, a plant with neural network
roots is depicted and being watered with molecules representing nutrients. The sun
is rising in the background, indicating the potential of machine learning for materials
science exploration. Image created by Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, Yichun Liu, et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"On the cover: Spider webs dissipate a tremendous amount of kinetic energy during prey
capture. Zou et al. implement the sacrificial bonds and hidden lengths toughening
mechanism found in spider silk into a transparent composite via instability-assisted
3D printing. High-optical transmittance and impact energy dissipation are demonstrated.
Image by Shibo Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_2.txt,sbert,1_2.txt,"On the cover: Week after week, technology companies unveil new AI tools that increasingly
resemble humans. The activity of humans and scientists is becoming more and more influenced
by AI. Fazio et al. propose a multiscale data-driven strategy for hierarchical physical phenomena that
keeps scientists as main players. Explicit analytical relationships to be easily interpreted
are deduced, enabling a continuous interaction between data modelling and scientific
knowledge. Spider silk is considered as an explicit proof of concept. The cover graphic
was designed by Federica Fazio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,val
Biophysical Journal,124_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_3.png,B,"Cover picture: The cover depicts the mechanical probing of nuclei isolated from malignant cancer
cells. Local deformation of the nuclear membrane, the underlying lamina, and the associated
heterochromatin all potentially contribute to the measured elasticity. The modulus
is shown to decrease with a reduction in the expression of Heterochromatin Protein
1α in the cell from which the nuclei is extracted.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/120_12.txt,allv2,120_12.txt,"Cover picture: Inhibition of the Brahma-related gene (BRG1) motor in the Brg/Brm-associated factor
chromatin remodeling complex stiffens the nucleus, preventing its transition from
an oblate shape in substrate-attached cells to a spherical shape in plasma-membrane-enclosed
karyoplasts upon isolation. When fibroblasts with active BRG1 are exposed to gentle
centrifugal forces, they lose most of their nuclei, leaving behind nucleus-free cytoplasts.
In contrast, when the BRG1 motor is inhibited (as shown in this image), the same centrifugal
force leaves behind mostly intact cells and fewer cytoplasts (actin cytoskeleton stained
in green), with their nuclei (blue) unable to emerge from the cell during the centrifugation process. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3322.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_3.txt,groundtruth,124_3.txt,"Cover picture: Schematic representation of a Rac1-PAK1 AFM-based SMFS pulling experiment setup
in which PAK1 (black colored protein) is functionalized on AFM tip and Rac1 (blue-
to red-colored protein, according to dynamical changes) is immobilized on the surface.
The correlation map on the bottom represents how we project the changes in the dynamic
cooperativity of Rac1 upon mutations by MD simulations. Overall, the authors incorporate
the computational prediction of intrinsic dynamics of Rac1 with the AFM-based observations
on Rac1’s unbinding mechanics from PAK1.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/120_20.txt,sbert,120_20.txt,"Cover picture: Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization with both passive and active nuclear
transport with increasing nuclear curvature in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs
stained with anti-YAP antibody (red) and Hoechst nuclear label (blue) are confined
on fibronectin line patterns with different thicknesses. MSCs treated with a combination
of importazole (inhibits active nuclear transport) and cyclohexanediol (dilates nuclear
pores and increases passive nuclear transport) show high nuclear YAP on thin patterns
(1.5 μm) and low nuclear YAP on thick patterns (8 μm). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.008.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/123_15.txt,ave_2,123_15.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.png,C,"RPA in action
Bulk and single-molecule fluorescence analyses reveal the dynamics of RPA DNA-binding domains during homologous recombination.
See Pokhrel, Caldwell et al.  26 , 129–136 (2019)
Image: Xuanyu Han/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_11.txt,multiBv1,26_11.txt,"PDB 50th anniversary: celebrating the future of structural biology
In honour of the 50th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank, we and our colleagues at Nature Methodspresent a special online Collection that celebrates the past and future of structural biology.
See Editorial
Image: Cross-section through a B-cell showing release of antibodies. Illustration by David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, published 2009 by Springer Nature. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_8.txt,allv2,28_8.txt,"A proteomics atlas of citrullination
Rebak et al. use proteomics to establish an expansive atlas of protein citrullination and implicate certain citrullinated sites as potentially clinically relevant in rheumatoid arthritis. Citrulline was initially discovered in watermelons.
See Rebak et al.
Image: THEPALMER / E+ / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"A comprehensive proteomics screen reveals that the m6A RNA modification attracts and repels factors that control mammalian mRNA homeostasis. Cover by Erin Dewalt, image from Yon Marsh / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 870)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_3.txt,sbert,24_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.png,C,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,multiBv1,2024_24.txt,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,The combination of a strong electronegative effect and the hydrophobic feature of –CF3 as well as the increase of free volume contributes to the improved energy capability of the FPI film.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"-conjugated polymer films with orientation factors of ~0.9, large homogeneous areas (2 × 3 cm2), low roughness (50 nm), high strength (30 MPa), and excellent reproducibility (~96%). Herein, mechanistic investigations determine the velocities of the polymer-chain orientation, conformational change, and C–C bond elongation during iSOFT processing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,val
Cell Chemical Biology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.png,C,"On the cover: Tengu, a dog-like creation in ancient Chinese tales, was believed to
eat the sun, leading to the elimination of sunshine, and subsequently bringing illness
to folks. Croppi et al. discover that an FDA-approved drug inhibits the enzymatic
activity of bacterial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in the living environment
(depicted as a color change in the river), suppresses the production of bacteria-generated
H2S gas (the cloud and the Tengu), elevates ROS (the sun and sunshine), and eventually
kills the bacteria. Cover art by Fang Wu (Shanghai Jiao Tong University).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_1.txt,allv2,27_1.txt,"On the cover: The image is a falsely colored electron micrograph showing E. coli cells treated with a recently developed multimodal host defense peptidomimetic. Jahnsen
et al, pp. 1286–1295, report that the host defense peptidomimetic fights Gram-negative
bacteria in a multifunctional manner and that bacterial killing takes place as a result
of the combined effects of membrane perturbation and targeting of intracellular components.
This complex mode of action is less likely to confer resistance development in E. coli compared to the major classes of antibiotics in current use. The compound also exhibits
desirable antibacterial activity against microbial biofilm communities, and has appropriate
immunomodulatory activity. All these beneficial properties suggest that this host
defense peptidomimetic has high potential as a future anti-infective drug.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/20_3.txt,multiBv1,20_3.txt,"On the cover: Sharma et al. describe the chemical interplay between the gut microbiota and host circadian physiology
via the epigenetic circuit. Members of the gut microbiota fine-tune host functions
(yellow bacterium and pink intestinal epithelial cells), synthesize host-sensed metabolites
(orange bacterium and orange-yellow receptor), interact with intestinal epithelium
and immune cells (blue, dark green, and light green bacterium and light-orange immune
cell), and can harm the host (purple bacterium). Cover art by Samskrathi Aravinda
Sharma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: Bacterial respiration is the primary pathway to produce energy, coupling
with the electron transport chain (ETC) to transfer electrons. Targeting the ETC leads
to energy depletion and bacterial death. In this cover by Li et al., bacteria are depicted as the glowing light bulbs equipped with electrical circuits.
Antibacterial compounds block electron transfer leading to bacterial death, which
is like interruption of circuits causing the lights to turn off. Hence, targeting
the ETC is an attractive strategy to discover antibiotics. Image credit: Kui Zhu and
Qian Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.txt,sbert,31_2.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.png,C,"A ligand-receptor-anchored nanopore is designed that mimics natural structural adaptability and favorable orientation of the ligand. It facilitates real-time mapping of multivalent binding pathways and kinetics in native states at the single monomeric subunit level, providing a new tool for high-throughput screening of antibodies or drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,"Surface specific peptides guide the large-scale assembly of Pt cubic nanocrystals in hierarchical order. Individual turn-structure peptide molecules specifically adsorbed on Pt{100} facets transform into β-sheet assembly when coming together, guiding the cubic nanocrystals to organize into 1D and 2D assemblies. See Huang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08023. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_48.txt,multiBv1,2019_48.txt,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"“Molecular glues” stabilize protein complexes. Here, a disulfide-bound fragment leads to a 40-fold stabilization in the binding of the adaptor protein to a phosphopeptide derived from the C-terminus of an estrogen receptor. Disulfide trapping provides a method to screen systematically for molecules that bind at predetermined sites and modulate protein–peptide and protein–protein interactions. See Arkin and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11658. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_44.txt,sbert,2019_44.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.png,A,The crosstalks between multiple post-translational modifications in the first 17 residues of huntingtin protein differentially modulate its conformation and interaction with various lipid membranes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"A cyclic peptide that interacts with Aβ42 enhances the formation of high-molecular-weight Aβ42 aggregates, and in its presence, the interactions of Aβ42 with plasma and mitochondria membranes are weakened. This peptide thus exhibits an inhibitory effect against Aβ42-mediated mitochondrial membrane disruption and reduces Aβ42-mediated apoptosis and death in neuronal cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_7.txt,sbert,2023_7.txt,Superimposed molecular structures of α-conotoxin Vc1.1 and its analogues (shown in colored ribbon forms) at the α9(+)α9(–) interface binding site of the human α9α10 nAChR. The key pairwise interacting residues are represented by sticks.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_3.txt,ave_3,2019_3.txt,The serotonin transporter undergoes complex structural rearrangements to transport neurotransmitters across the cell membrane. Molecular dynamics simulations and Markov state modeling not only provide atomistic resolution of the dynamics involved in substrate transport but also examine how post-translational modifications alter the energetics and conformational dynamics required for transport.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_18.txt,allv2,2022_18.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_3.png,B,"Out-of-plane conductivity in layered MOFs
Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that hold promise for applications in chemical sensing and energy storage are typically layered structures exhibiting in-plane conductivity. Now, Mircea Dincă and co-workers have prepared a series of layered lanthanide MOFs where the charge transport is primarily out-of-plane, perpendicular to the ligand-based sheets (an artistic representation of the anisotropic conductivity is shown on the cover). The conductivity of the materials can be modulated by changing the lanthanide ion which, in turn, affects the interlayer distance.
See Skorupskii et al
IMAGE: Grigorii Skorupskii, MIT COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_11.txt,ave_3,12_11.txt,"Solid-state superionic conductivity
All-solid-state batteries offer a safer alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, but the solid electrolytes necessary to transport lithium ions between electrodes display poor room-temperature conductivities. Now, Jue Liu, Yifei Mo, and Hailong Chen show how a family of electrolyte solids undergo a temperature-triggered transition from low to high conductivities due to collective anion motion. Using the uncovered structure–property relationships, they develop new electrolytes with lower transition temperatures to achieve superionic conductivities at room temperature. The cover shows an artistic representation of lithium-ion movement through the solid-state electrolyte.
See Chen et al.
Image: Phoenix Pleasant / ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_3.txt,groundtruth,16_3.txt,"Superionic conduction in a polar crystal
Ionic conductors serve as solid electrolytes for fuel cells and batteries, whereas polar crystals such as ferroelectrics and pyroelectrics — which are typically insulating materials — are used in electronic devices. Now, Shin-ichi Ohkoshi and co-workers have prepared a polar crystal that shows superionic conductivity at room temperature. Based on –Fe–N≡C–Mo– units, this three-dimensional anionic network hosts Cs+ cations in every other pore and is also photo-responsive: when irradiated with light, its conductivity significantly decreases (an artistic representation of this characteristic is shown on the cover).
See Ohkoshi et al
IMAGE: Shin-ichi Ohkoshi, The University of Tokyo COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_9.txt,allv2,12_9.txt,"Kinetic competition in cathode synthesis
Stability issues currently prevent the practical application of nickel-rich layered oxides as cathodes in next-generation lithium batteries. Now, Kang, Park and colleagues have studied the solid-state synthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) using multiscale in situ techniques and show that kinetic competition between precursor decomposition and lithiation leads to spatially heterogeneous intermediates and the formation of detrimental defects. The image on the cover depicts the heterogeneous intermediates captured during the synthesis of NCM622 from a precursor mixture of transition-metal hydroxides and lithium hydroxides. The lithium atoms are shown as blue spheres, transition-metal atoms (Ni, Co and Mn) as brown spheres, and hydrogen and oxygen atoms are white and red, respectively.
See Park et al.
Image: Younghee Lee / CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/14_7.txt,ave_2,14_7.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.png,A,"On the cover: In this Cell Host & Microbe issue, Yu et al. report that oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum during the perioperative phase of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment significantly
enhances postoperative liver function, extends survival, and reduces hospitalization.
This effect is mediated by the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites, including
5-hydroxytryptamine, secondary bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids. These factors
collectively promote hepatocyte growth while inhibiting liver fibrosis and inflammation.
Also in this issue Lehmann and colleagues demonstrate that fecal metabolite profiling
can identify liver transplant patients with heightened risk for post-operative infections.
These studies collectively illustrate how the gut-liver axis can impact disease/treatment
outcome. The cover image illustrates this therapeutic intervention's impact on the
liver's healing process, with Bifidobacterium longum playing a central role.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"On the cover: Mechanisms involved in preventing an excessive inflammatory response
to intestinal microorganisms are critical to maintain mucosal integrity and protect
against diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Saha et al. (pp. 147–162) report
that mammalian peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) protect the host from chemically
induced colitis by promoting the normal balance of bacterial flora and by preventing
damaging production of interferon-γ by NK cells in response to intestinal injury.
The cover shows a cross-section of the colon from a PGRP-deficient mouse with hyperplasia
of the lamina propria, loss of epithelial cells and crypt architecture, ulceration,
and infiltration with inflammatory cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/8_5.txt,sbert,8_5.txt,"On the cover: This special issue features Reviews, Minireviews, and Commentaries that
highlight various aspects of endogenous microbes, including bacteria and viruses,
and how they influence host health and disease. The cover image is designed to capture
the idea that microbiota represent a major hub whose activities affect both host health,
exemplified by immunity and metabolism, and disease, illustrated as cancer and inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). Please turn to the editorial on pp. 285–286 for details.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/10_3.txt,allv2,10_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts engraftment of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) into the gut microbiome when co-administered with human milk oligosaccharides (HMO).
High-level engraftment of B. infantis, depicted here as microbial “seeds” scattered into the intestine, occurs when HMO
is provided as “fertilizer.” In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Button et al. (1523–1538) demonstrate precision microbiome engineering when HMO-fed
B. infantis are introduced into adult, antibiotic-perturbed gut microbiomes. Reproducible changes
include cross-feeding of propionate-producing Veillonella spp. and changes in an array of gut metabolites. Artwork by Jeff McElroy and Rook
Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/31_4.txt,multiBv1,31_4.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.png,C,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,sbert,2024_4.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.png,B,"Standing in the wind
Climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events putting energy infrastructure at risk. Bennett et al. develop a methodology to incorporate increasing extreme event risk into energy systems modelling and planning, and estimate the impact of improving grid resilience on the electricity cost for Puerto Rico.
See Bennett et al.
Image: FEMA / Alamy Stock Photo Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_10.txt,multiBv1,6_10.txt,"Resilient lines
Hurricane damage leads to power outages and can trigger cascading failures in power grids as they respond to the initial impacts. Stürmer et al. present a dynamic approach to modelling these wind-induced power-line failures that allows them to test the potential effects of line hardening in providing a more resilient power grid.
See Stürmer et al.
Image: Bob Daemmrich / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,"Power grids put to the test
Failures in power distribution grids can affect thousands of customers but understanding their causes remains elusive. Ji et al. analyse large-scale power outage data during both a hurricane and daily operations and find that local failures disproportionally affect non-local regions of grid infrastructure.
See Ji et al. 1, 16052 (2016).
Image: Yun Wei, Henry Mei.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Wildfire resilient grids
Placing power lines underground (undergrounding) may reduce risk of power line-ignited wildfires, but it can come with disproportionately high costs for some neighbourhoods. Wang et al. propose an income-based cost-allocation scheme to minimize and more equitably disperse the costs of power line undergrounding.
See Rajapogal et al.
Image: Rachel Husband / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_3.txt,sbert,8_3.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_9.png,B,"Natural hybridization between closely related taxa is a common phenomenon, both in
plants and in animals. However, the evolutionary dynamics leading to the emergence
of newly adapted genes after hybridization are largely unexplored. On page 54–58 of
this issue, Arne Nolte and Diethard Tautz argue that the identification and analysis
of processes that occur after the first contact deserve specific attention, because
this is when hybrid speciation is most different from other forms of speciation. The
authors discuss the formation of several new species, including sunflowers and sculpins
(or bulheads). Hybridization among sunflower species currently constitutes the best
documented case of homoploid hybrid speciation. The building of canals that connect
European rivers and the fortification of the shores with rocks has triggered a recent
hybridization between the sculpinsCottus rhenanus undCottus perifretum whereby the
hybrid lineage is rapidly colonizing new habitats that were not used by the parental
species. Photo courtesy of PDPhoto.org (http://www.pdphoto.org).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/26_11.txt,sbert,26_11.txt,"In this issue: Genomic resources and profound ecological knowledge
make Littorina snails useful models for speciation studies. Ecotypes and closely related
species adapted to different rocky-shore environments form hybrid zones where
reproductive isolation can be investigated. In this issue, Kerstin Johannesson and
co-authors
show that evolution of reproductive isolation can take different paths and is best
analysed using multi-dimensional frameworks. Contrary to expectations they suggest
that ecotype formation rarely leads to new species and that chromosomal inversions
play a greater role in local adaptation than in completion of reproductive isolation.
Illustration by Patrik Larsson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_9.txt,groundtruth,40_9.txt,"Snails are unique in that they naturally produce mirror-image forms without any pathology.
On pages 189–202 in this issue, Angus Davison discusses how mirror-image molluscs
genetics can be an important resource towards understanding invariance asymmetry in
other animals. Snails could hold the key to revealing the common genetic factors that
define cellular and organismal left–right asymmetry. Image credit: Alice Campain (University
of Nottingham)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/36_10.txt,allv2,36_10.txt,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.
In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic
basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty
Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,multiBv1,40_12.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.png,D,"On the cover: Rehydration and restoration of effective mucociliary clearance in cystic
fibrosis (CF) airways (center), on a background of differentiated human airway epithelial
cells (zona occludens, red; nuclei, blue), used as 3D ex vivo models of CF lung tissue. Inhibition of furin in the trans-Golgi Network (left) by
the highly selective cell-permeable compound BOS-318 (bottom/right) prevents activation
of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), which serves to rehydrate the airways, preventing
mucus stasis which is associated with the devastating cycles of infection and lung
damage seen in CF. See Douglas et al., pp. 947–957. Image credit: Lorraine Martin,
Lisa Douglas, Nino Campobasso, Jeffrey Axten, and Maggie Truong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_7.txt,sbert,29_7.txt,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA
modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion
pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates
the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for
expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the
special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,
function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies
against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,allv2,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation
marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated
the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient
degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy
of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation
cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary
complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates
the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex
formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,multiBv1,30_6.txt,"On the cover: Hazawa et al. demonstrate that the formation of biomolecular condensate droplets (transparent bubble)
is promoted by protein-protein interactions between NUP153 (blue protein within bubble)
and the coactivator BRD4 (green protein within bubble). These interactions bring phase-separated
super-enhancer-containing DNA close to mRNA exporters like TPR (green and yellow pores),
promoting mRNA export (purple spirals) and TP63 oncogene expression. Image courtesy
of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_5.png,D,"This cover art illustrates a new cascade of thermal radical bond-forming processes involving an Alder-ene reaction followed by a formal 1,7-H shift, Myers–Saito cycloaromatization, and 1,5-hydrogen transfer to form highly functionalized benzo-fused 6-membered rings. This transformation requires thermal activation in the same way as Vietnamese “Bánh Chu’ng, Bánh Tét” that are cooked for the Lunar New Year festival.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_45.txt,allv2,2024_45.txt,visible-light-catalyzed radical tandem cyclization is developed which enables the efficient assembly of divergent tricyclic frameworks and results in the first total synthesis of abietane 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol in only six steps. This cascade resembles a high-speed train which is initiated by green energy and provides fast transportation to the desired destination.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_35.txt,multiBv1,2024_35.txt,"The Chinese character “Chun” on the lantern shows the Spring Festival, which is an occasion of great festivity and reunion. The Chinese character “Fu” behind the structure of CBZ6 illustrates the good vision for the coming Year of the Hare. CBZ6 is as gorgeous as fireworks, which is the traditional custom in Chinese New Year. It provides us with a reliable method for dehalogenation, borylation, and phosphorylation of (hetero)aryl halides. The different kinds of fireworks represent diverse reaction categories, indicating the wide application of CBZ6.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_47.txt,sbert,2023_47.txt,"The cover picture inspired by the Lantern Festival in China. Cyclopropenone and allyl alcohol/olefin are like fireworks, while radicals are like fuses. Their combination and collision can produce",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,train
Structure,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_10.png,C,"On the cover: The image shows viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 variants with a close-up
of the spike protein (S) bound to its receptor, human ACE2. Li et al. used cryo-EM to determine the apo S structures and their human ACE2-bound structures
of the newly emerged variants BA.2.86, JN.1, EG.5, EG.5.1, and HV.1. The electrostatic
charge changes and an additional N-glycosylation in BA.2.86 influence its binding
to mAbs. The JN.1 RBD L455S mutation maintains optimal receptor binding and enhances
immune evasion. Image credit: Linjie Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,"On the cover: BK polyomavirus is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen that causes severe
disease in the immunosuppressed. Six distinct quasi-equivalent copies of the VP1 major
structural protein form an asymmetric unit, 60 of which form the T=7d isometric particle,
shown on the cover assembling around the viral genome. Hurdiss et al. (pp. 528) reveal
the density for the N-terminal DNA binding domain of the VP1 protein that allows the
capsid protein to bind to the viral genome during assembly. The location of binding
is shown colored according to chain number. Cover credit: Daniel Hurdiss and Neil
Ranson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/24_9.txt,sbert,24_9.txt,"On the cover: Pestiviruses bear substantial economic importance within the domain
of viruses affecting livestock. Among them, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) and
Norway rat pestivirus (NRPV) exhibit relatively low sequence conservation in their
surface glycoprotein E2. Aitkenhead et al.'s work delves into describing the structures of these proteins. These glycoproteins
serve as the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, and they play crucial roles
in cell attachment and the process of viral fusion. Image courtesy of Kamel El Omari.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: Homo-oligomerization of the Ebolavirus virion protein 35 (VP35) is essential
for genome replication and innate immune suppression. In the style of Da Vinci's Vitruvian
man, an iconic Ebola virus particle and the geometric parameters for coiled-coil motifs
are depicted behind the Ebola and Reston virus VP35 oligomerization domain crystal
structures. Helical wheel diagrams superimposed on the tetrameric and trimeric VP35
coiled coils show residues in the hydrophobic core and the outer shell salt-bridge
that are critical for VP35 oligomers assembly. See Zinzula et al., pp. 39–54.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_12.txt,allv2,27_12.txt,val
Nature Catalysis,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_4.png,A,"Dispersion control
In their work, L. Robert Baker and colleagues investigate the effects of molecular dispersion of a heterogenized cobalt phthalocyanine on the rate and product selectivity in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Elad Gross and Hadar Shema, Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Factored in CO2 electroreduction
Metal cations are known to influence the performance of the electrochemical reduction of CO2, but their specific role is still unclear. Here, Marc Koper and co-workers investigate the role of alkali cations in CO2 electroreduction onAu, Ag and Cu electrodes with and without metal cations. Based on their results using electrochemical measurements, scanning electrochemical microscopy in the surface-generation tip-collection mode and ab initio molecular dynamics, the authors find that the reaction does not take place without a metal cation.
See Monteiro et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Katrina Goretskaya Cover Design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,"Tuned in to CO2 hydrogenation
Structure sensitivity in heterogeneous catalysis is usually apparent from a strong dependence of the catalytic performance on the size of supported nanoparticles. Here, Hensen and co-workers introduce a form of structure sensitivity dependent on the size of the support. By tuning the size of the ceria–zirconia support, cobalt nanoparticles can be supported, achieving the optimum metal–support interaction. A facile oxygen transport is enabled at the corresponding interface, resulting in remarkable CO2 methanation activity.
See Parastaev et al.
Image: Alexander Parastaev, Eindhoven University of Technology. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_7.txt,multiBv1,3_7.txt,"Super CO2
In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
See Qi et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,test
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.png,A,Daima and co-workers discuss engineered nanomaterials,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Recently, metallopolymer nanocomposites have been extensively utilized in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and sensing applications. In our study, a newly designed MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) composite is synthesized and tested for its toxicity on a fruit fly model. The hybrid nanomaterial did not exhibit neurotoxicity or genotoxicity, and there was no change in phenotypic characters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.png,B,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,sbert,21_4.txt,"Thriving in an inhospitable environment, inspired by the Review on p448.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"Writing, editing and reading, inspired by the Review on p413.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"‘Breaking the blockade’ inspired by the Review on p133
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.png,B,"A global view of Alzheimer disease genetics, inspired by the Review on p261
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_8.txt,sbert,19_8.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Cycles in epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p267.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_8.txt,allv2,17_8.txt,"Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p19.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,test
Nature Catalysis,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/8_1.png,A,"Urea solidified
In their work, Xiaolin Zheng and colleagues couple hydrogen peroxide-selective oxygen electroreduction with precipitation of urea from urine resulting in wastewater purification and co-production of the solid nitrogen source percarbamide.
See Shi et al.
Image: Xinjian Shi, Henan University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"A cloth to unveil ammonia
Conventional gas diffusion electrodes improve transport of gaseous species, but they suffer from electrolyte penetration and flooding when used with non-aqueous solvents. Here, Manthiram and co-workers report a gas diffusion electrode architecture that is compatible with non-aqueous solvents to utilise sparingly soluble gases in electrochemical reactions. These electrodes are used to simultaneously reduce nitrogen and oxidise water-splitting-derived hydrogen to produce ammonia at ambient conditions.
See Lazouski et al.
Image: Nikifar Lazouski, MIT. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"Electrifying regeneration
Lin and co-workers demonstrate that the performance degradation of mixed Ni–Fe hydroxide water oxidation electrocatalysts is due to their segregation into NiOOH and FeOOH phases. The authors find that this process is reversible between the water oxidation and catalyst reduction potentials, and show that the degraded electrocatalysts can be revivified under catalytic operating conditions via an intermittent reduction protocol.
See Lin et al.
Image: Feng Lin, Virginia Tech. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_4.txt,multiBv1,3_4.txt,"Bias-free ammonia
In their work, Ji-Wook Jang and colleagues couple an efficient lead halide perovskite photocathode for nitrate reduction to a glycerol oxidation anode for bias-free ammonia production with a photocurrent density greater than 20 mA cm–2.
See Tayyebi et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic / Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_8.txt,allv2,7_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p757.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.txt,ave_3,25_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p350.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_7.txt,ave_2,24_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p750.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.png,D,"Novel superhard materials with exciting potential for applications in cutting tools and abrasives can be designed by combining incompressible transition metals with boron to create phases like WB4, pictured here. Diamond-cell-based high-pressure radial diffraction enables the direct study of lattice specific mechanisms for hardening.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_12.txt,multiBv1,2022_12.txt,"Axially stacking distinct nano-objects in a block-by-block manner, forming heteronanostructures termed axially segmented nanowires, offers a route to relax the rule of lattice-matched epitaxy during growth. By steering the synthetic chemoselectivity, one now has the access to high-precision ASNWs with superior properties and functions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2020_2.txt,sbert,2020_2.txt,"Two-dimensional nanocapillaries assembled by van der Waals technology enable experimental exploration under extreme spatial confinement, helping to reveal nanoconfinement effects on molecular structure and behavior down to the atomic scale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"By intertwining with various physical properties, two-dimensional and interface superconductivity may give rise to diverse emergent quantum phenomena, including quantum Griffiths singularity with superconducting rare regions, bosonic anomalous metallic state modulated by periodic nanohole arrays, Ising superconductivity with large in-plane critical field, interfacial high-temperature superconductivity, interface-induced superconductivity, etc.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,test
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.png,A,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"For the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the presence of disulfide bonds, prevalent during oxidative stress, creates a conformation ready to bind to the receptor. Reduction of these disulfides leads to a spectacular conformational change, ultimately causing a complete loss of its binding affinity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,Photoactive immunofluorescence with iterative cleavage (PACIFIC) enables multiplex protein analysis with sub-cellular resolution. This technology leverages photo-cleavable antibody–fluorophore conjugates and can work with fixed cells as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,Targeted protein degradation (TPD) repurposes an endogenous mechanism of proteostasis for therapeutic interventions. We have developed a pharmacodynamic model of the TPD process to help inform the rational development of degraders. The clock inlaid on the cell symbolizes the dependence of degradation efficiency upon the kinetics of the repurposed intracellular process [image by Yunxing (Stella) Li].,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.png,D,"The goal of cell biology is to understand the cellular and molecular underpinnings
that regulate cell function. In order to achieve this goal, scientists have created
a massive set of tools to perturb these processes. Among them is the recent development
of chemical tools such as chemical inhibitors, activity-based probes, chemically tunable
protein tags, unnatural amino acids, and fluorescent detection reagents, which allow
visualization and manipulation of cellular processes. In this issue, Wijdeven et al. (pages 751–760) review the rapidly developing field of chemical biology and discuss
recent techniques that are being applied to a wide variety of questions in cell biology.
Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/LifesizeImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.
Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that
regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation
of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort
to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts
on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.
In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological
research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image
courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_2.txt,ave_3,23_2.txt,"Cell biology is a discipline rooted in understanding the basic functions of the cell.
Historically, cell biologists tried to understand the proteins and processes that
regulated cellular function, but as time went on, it became apparent that dysregulation
of many of these processes contributed to various diseases and disorders. In an effort
to foster drug development, scientists have begun to focus their research efforts
on more translational applications by understanding the mechanisms driving disease.
In this special issue, we highlight some of the recent developments in cell biological
research that could ultimately lead to important clinical applications. Cover image
courtesy of ©iStockphoto and adapted by Danielle Loughlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_1.txt,ave_2,23_1.txt,"Cell-cell interactions are integral to countless biological processes in the
human body, and artificial control of these interactions would enable advances in
basic
research and therapeutic engineering. Researchers have previously overexpressed
endogenous membrane proteins to induce affinity, which tends to have cross-affinity
and trigger unintended signaling. Several engineered methods, from chemical-based
to peptide-based methods, have recently become available to program intercellular
interactions. On pages 277–287 in this issue, Chao et al., the creators of helixCAM,
discuss where the state of the art is for this growing field, along with key areas
of
development. Additionally, they present potential use cases across developmental
biology, immunology, and neuroscience to encourage scientists to experiment with
and incorporate the ability to control cell-cell interactions into constructing their
model systems.Cover design by Kathryn Kamowski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.png,C,"Action potentials have a central role in the nervous system. Intracellular methods can record these potentials with high signal-to-noise ratios, but they are invasive, whereas extracellular methods suffer from reduced signal strength. In this issue three groups report advances in this field. Lieber and co-workers show that nanowire field-effect transistors can make electrical measurements on biological materials with unprecedented spatial resolution. Cui and colleagues use arrays of vertical nanopillar electrodes to make both intra- and extracellular recordings with excellent signal strength and minimal damage to the cells. And Park and co-workers show that arrays of vertical silicon nanowires can record and stimulate neuronal activity from within mammalian nerve cells, such as the rat cortical cell in this false-colour SEM image, and also study the connections between these cells. The nanowire array is below the cell and cannot be seen in this image (which is 45 μm across).
Letters p174, p180 and p185; News & Views p143
IMAGE: J. T. ROBINSON, M. JORGOLLI, F. FRANKEL AND H. PARK
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_10.txt,allv2,7_10.txt,"The neuronal membrane progressively collects postsynaptic potential signals from neighbouring neurons and integrates them until a threshold value is reached, resulting in an action potential being fired. Tomas Tuma, Evangelos Eleftheriou and colleagues have now reproduced this integrate-and-fire functionality by means of a single nanodevice working on a typical timescale of a nanosecond. To this end, they exploit the reversible transition between amorphous and crystalline states of chalcogenide-based phase-change materials. These devices display intrinsically stochastic dynamics, analogous to biological neurons, making them extremely appealing for applications in the field of neuromorphic computation.
Article p693; News & Views p655
IMAGE: XVIVO SCIENTIFIC ANIMATION
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/11_5.txt,sbert,11_5.txt,"Multiparametric nano-mechanobiology of neurons
The cover image depicts a coloured scanning electron microscopy image of a network of cortical neurons grown on a microelectrode array used for combined force and electrophysiological measurements.
See Muller et al.
Image: M. Oeggerli (Micronaut) 2020–2024, supported by University Hospital Basel (Pathology), Bio-EM Lab, Biozentrum, University Basel, and S. Ronchi and A. Hierlemann, Bio-Engineering Laboratory, D-BSSE, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_7.txt,groundtruth,19_7.txt,"Machine learning for enhancing nanomedicine permeability
The cover shows a confocal fluorescence microscopy image of a tumour tissue section in the presence of genetically recombinant human ferritin nanocages. Ferritin nanocage particles permeate the tissue through the tumour vasculatures, here visible at individual blood vessels level.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Mingsheng Zhu, Nankai University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_7.txt,multiBv1,18_7.txt,train
Current Biology,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_2.png,B,"On the cover: Severe cold and food scarcity predict a slow response of the Antarctic
benthos to a changing climate. But in this issue, Fillinger and colleagues (pages
1330–1334) show that this prediction does not hold for the Antarctic Peninsula region,
where the recent collapse of the floating Larsen ice shelf has exposed a seafloor
supporting a surprisingly fast-growing population of glass sponges. These archaic
filter feeders provide habitat for a rich community of fish and invertebrates seeking
shelter and food, including brittle stars (white) and feather stars (orange and pink).
Image by Tomas Lundälv.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_11.txt,ave_2,23_11.txt,"On the cover: The microscopic fossil ostracod crustacean shown is used as a time machine
to reconstruct past deep-sea ecosystem changes. In this issue, Moriaki Yasuhara, Huai-Hsuan May Huang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, and their colleagues revealed the 500,000-year history of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem. The researchers
found that the present-day Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem was established at a
major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago. After that, both deep-water temperature
and food supply (via surface plankton production related to iron fertilization that
eventually sinks to the deep-sea floor) substantially affected their deep-sea ecosystem
in different ways. The team highlights the importance of the Southern Ocean deep-sea
ecosystem as a “canary in the coal mine” for future anthropogenic climatic changes
on our planet, and especially highlights the need to carefully think about how we
proceed with ocean-based climate interventions as they mitigate temperature rise but
also affect surface production. Cover image: Jingwen Zhang, Raine Wing Ki Chong, Huai-Hsuan
May Huang, and Moriaki Yasuhara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"On the cover: Increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion are causing the oceans to acidify. It is well
documented that ocean acidification can have a detrimental effect on marine animals,
particularly those that build calcified body parts, such as shellfish and coral. However,
this evidence is largely based on artificial laboratory experiments, which do not
reflect the species' natural environment. In this issue, Connell et al. (pages R95–R96)
use natural CO2 underwater seeps in the southwest Pacific, which represent near-future oceanic conditions,
to demonstrate how a marine calcifying animal can in fact thrive in acidic waters
due to the increased supply of habitat and food. The image shows a leafy sea-dragon
(Phycodurus eques), an iconic marine animal of southern Australia that lives among CO2-affected habitats. Photograph © Jeffrey Jeffords; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_22.txt,allv2,27_22.txt,"On the cover: The heroic era of polar exploration left more than footprints and took
away more than photos. Specimens of marine life collected by Scott's and other early
voyages provide key baselines and context for new discoveries of biological change
in Antarctica. Growth of bryozoans on the seabed was near constant for most of the
last century but has drastically increased since the 1990s in Antarctica's Ross Sea.
For details, see the Correspondence by Barnes et al. (R147–R148). Photograph of Scott's
hut by John Shears, © British Antarctic Survey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_21.txt,sbert,21_21.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.png,A,"We evaluate the diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from both pre- and post-harvest 'Alkar' tall wheatgrass, a candidate biofuel. While green leaf volatiles dominate post-harvest emissions, we demonstrate novel post-harvest VOCs that are under-characterized in the context of carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Wildfire particulate matter is comprised of a complex mixture of chemical species such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. Prevailing winds can transport fresh plumes to urban centers thousands of kilometers away from the burning site, and secondary processing may change the chemical composition during transport.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,Early morning fog and dew in southeast Virginia. The bio-grime films on leaf surfaces are complex organic mixtures from deposited material and guttation/microbes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_10.txt,ave_3,2022_10.txt,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_9.png,B,A facile electrochemical dehalogenation method to simultaneously synthesize and fabricate films of various conjugated polymers based on halogen-substituted benzene/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been developed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"This image illustrates the formation of a uniform film containing a high density of π-stacked helical poly(quinoline-2,3-diylmethylene) with cysteine derivatives at the chain ends on a Au substrate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt,allv2,2010_11.txt,"Poly(benzene-1,4-diyl)s bearing bulky and chiral side-chain groups without a stable helical conformation in solution undergo remarkable chirality amplification leading to a helix with significant anisotropy in the amorphous solid state through interchain interactions, which resulted in intense circular dichroism, efficient circularly polarized luminescence, and chiral recognition toward racemic compounds. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_12.txt,ave_3,2022_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.png,D,"Avidity in antibody drug design, inspired by the Review on p715.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_3.txt,sbert,21_3.txt,"Antibody–drug conjugates in cancer, inspired by the Review on p641.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_5.txt,multiBv1,22_5.txt,"Immune checkpoint inhibitors, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"Sequential immunotherapy, inspired by the Review on p501.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_6.txt,groundtruth,23_6.txt,val
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.png,B,"The Co atom dispersed on the N-doped carbon nanosphere catalyst was designed and constructed by a simple precursor-engineering method. Therefore, the synergistic effect of N and the Co metal atom is beneficial for tuning the carbon matrix defects, which leads to the improvement of ORR activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2021_9.txt,allv2,2021_9.txt,"The image depicts a lanthanum hydride cluster nanoconfined within the porous structure of functionalized carbon hosts, highlighting local interactions between the hydride cluster and the carbon material.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,The image depicts the concept of “nanofibers coated yarns” (NCYs) proposed at the,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_11.txt,multiBv1,2018_11.txt,"The strategically engineered N,O-codoped carbon spheres using molecularly designed polybenzoxazine particles are explored using a template-free colloidal technique. Evaluated in supercapacitor applications, the carbon material exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance, highlighting its potential for energy storage devices. The cover art has been prepared in part using an AI tool at https://copilot.microsoft.com/.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_5.png,D,"Optogenetics, our pick for Method of the Year 2010, is rapidly becoming a vital tool for neurobiologists, who are applying it to study both basic biology and disease. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/8_12.txt,sbert,8_12.txt,"On the cover: a cellular model learned by an artificial neural network. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on a concept by Jianzhu Ma, Samson Fong, Michael Yu and Trey Ideker. p290",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/15_9.txt,allv2,15_9.txt,"On the cover: The Focus on Synthetic Biology takes readers from DNA synthesis to gene assembly, circuit design and whole-genome assembly. Artistic rendition by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_8.txt,multiBv1,11_8.txt,"Focus on advanced AI in biology
Advanced artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are having a transformative impact on biological research, as explored in this special issue.
See Editorial
Image: Weiquan Lin / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,test
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.png,D,"Asymmetric catalysis, cascade reactions, C,H-activation, catalytic conversion of renewable resources, collected natural product synthesis, late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_4.txt,ave_3,2016_4.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,A new ruthenium catalytic system was developed for the construction of a C(sp2)−Se bond with the assistance of directing groups. The convenient late-stage selenylation of bioactive molecules has also been demonstrated.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_12.txt,ave_2,2016_12.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.png,B,"The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA, influences neuronal and glial activity in a prolonged manner via GABAB receptor, a prototypical class C GPCR. GABAB receptor is an obligatory heterodimer of two subunits. They perform a complicated “pas de deux” to transduce the extracellular stimuli into cells. See page 564-573 by Chunyou Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_6.txt,ave_2,30_6.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"The lotus beneath Nezha, a fairy tale character, represents an ER anion channel CLCC1. Chloride through CLCC1 compensates both potential and osmolality changes during ER Ca2+ release together with K+ (2Ca2++Cl–=3K+). CLCC1 dysfunction leads to imbalance of ER ion homeostasis (2Ca2+=4K+), ER swelling, and neurodegeneration, which is linked with ALS represented by Nezha’s frozen leg and spear. See page 497–515 by Liang Guo et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_6.txt,ave_3,33_6.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.txt,allv2,35_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.png,D,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.png,B,The electronic structure of Neodymium(III) is elusive. Minute changes in the crystal field can lead to significant changes in the observed electronic properties. The Cover Art shows a neodymium complex with computed and experimentally determined electronic structures on top of a computer-generated field of crystals. The background picture was generated using DALL-E by ChatGPT.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_13.txt,allv2,2024_13.txt,"The crystal field splitting of neodymium(III) is determined by the full electrostatic potential of the donor atoms, which for water requires a description of the orientation of all nine coordinating donor ligands. Or briefly, the properties of lanthanide(III) aqua ions are defined by the shape of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The artwork showcases the pioneering application of pentacyanidocobaltate(III) complexes, [CoIII(CN)5(azido/nitrito-N/iodido)]3– as metalloligands for lanthanide(III) (Ln = Nd, Ce) Single-Molecule Magnets. The figure visualizes an azido-pentacyanido Co(III) complex and three sides of the reported work: (a) solution technique used for crystallization of Ln(III)–Co(III) nanomagnets, (b) magnetic measurements performed to study the slow relaxation of magnetization, (c) the computational work involving ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of Ln(III) complexes and simulations of their physical characteristics using the newly developed SlothPy software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_12.txt,ave_3,2024_12.txt,"The quest to unravel the crystal structure of Osmium(III) acetylacetonate. The difficulties in resolving the X-ray structure triggered a multitechnique investigation allowing one to determine the magnetic properties and electronic structure of Os(acac)3. By combining EPR and Cantilever Torque Magnetometry, we revealed the dimorphic nature of Os(acac)3 finding the “missing”",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_16.txt,ave_2,2024_16.txt,val
ACS Energy Letters,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.png,B,"The control of ion diffusion is one of the main challenges facing perovskite solar cells. The transport of charged defects is linked to current−voltage hysteresis, photoinduced structural transformations, and chemical degeneration. The Perspective discusses the principles that govern ion diffusion in solids, including the role of electric fields and thermal gradients, and offers directions for limiting ion transport, where required, and harnessing it for new applications of halide perovskites.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_5.txt,ave_2,2018_5.txt,"In-detail experimental and theoretical analysis derived that crown ethers are impressive for surface passivation and a guardian layer against moisture owing to their unique acid-base passivation and hydrophobicity, and crown ethers with appropriate molecular design at the perovskite/electron transfer layer interface inhibit the nonradiative recombination and voltage losses in p-i-n perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"A self-assembled monolayer of [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl]phosphonic acid promotes the growth and mechanical adhesion of perovskite single-crystals on ITO substrates. Solar cells constructed from these crystals in the inverted p-i-n architecture exhibit efficiencies of up to 23.1% and substantially enhanced operational stability, setting new benchmarks for single-crystal perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_11.txt,ave_3,2023_11.txt,Our work demonstrates that thermal evaporation of large organic cations used to modify interfaces in state-of-the-art halide perovskite solar cells enables higher median performances and reproducibility than solution deposition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.png,B,"Biodiversity under stress
A school of fish on a remote coral reef in the Indian Ocean. Biodiversity was found to be the primary driver of ecosystem functioning of coral-reef fishes. The positive biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships were robust to two human-caused stressors: climate change and invasive species.
See Benkwitt et al
Image: Kristina Tietjen. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_6.txt,sbert,4_6.txt,"Underwater alliances
Individuals of the day octopus (Octopus cyanea) sometimes team up with various fish species such as the blue goldsaddle goatfish (Parupeneus cyclostomus) to engage in collective hunting. Three-dimensional field-based tracking and field experiments unravel the complex social influences that drive decision-making, and reveal shared leadership across these distantly related species.
See Eduardo Sampaio et al.
Image: Eduardo Sampaio. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Minimum size
Tagged Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), which are the smallest lunge feeders, surface in a group before 9 feeding dives in 3 minutes. Cade et al. found that these ultra-high feeding rates (which can exceed 200 lunges per hour at night) barely enable the whales to meet their expected metabolic needs, and suggest that biomechanical, environmental and physiological constraints would not allow lunge feeding as a strategy in smaller species.
See Cade et al
Image: Duke Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_9.txt,allv2,7_9.txt,"Rare ocean gems
Marine plankton communities contain a huge number of distinct species, such as these protists observed by the Tara Oceans expedition at the ocean surface. Although the composition of such communities varies considerably from place to place, the decay in abundance of the rare species that comprise 99% of local richness follows the same power law everywhere.
See Ser-Giacomi et al.
Image: Noé Sardet and Christian Sardet. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_5.txt,multiBv1,2_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.png,C,"Synchrotron radiation provides insight into the structure and properties of materials. In this issue, our collection of articles examines the role of synchrotron techniques in materials characterization, including understanding intrinsic properties and elucidating structure–property relationships for the improved performance of materials.
Credit: Lauren V. Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"Tetradymite-type materials, such as Bi2Te3, are excellent thermoelectric materials near ambient temperature and have enabled many seminal studies on topological insulators. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in the optimization of the properties of bulk and thin-film tetradymites for such studies.
See Joseph P. Heremans et al. 2, 17049 (2017).
Renee L. Ripley",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"High-entropy materials are primarily known for their mechanical strength and high toughness. However, they can also be used as a platform for multifunctional material design, in which several, even conflicting, properties can be reconciled because of the compositional tolerance inherent in the high-entropy concept: these include electronic, magnetic, mechanical, catalytic, thermal expansion and hydrogen storage properties. The cover shows 3D atom probe tomography data from a chemically complex Ti Mo based alloy. See Han L.et al.
Cover image: Dierk Raabe. Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Architected materials are structured at the intermediate scale between the atomic and bulk scale, and they can be encoded with a temporal degree of freedom such that they evolve over time, resulting in unique materials properties and functionalities. The cover artistically illustrates three examples of responsive architected materials. See Xia et al.
Image: Xiaoxing Xia and Eric Brian Smith. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_4.txt,multiBv1,7_4.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_1.png,D,"Discrete catalytic functions
Analogous with a modern production line, the cover image illustrates how precise placement of different active sites (robotic arms) within a hierarchical pore network enables individual catalyst particles to perform a complex sequence of chemical transformations in a cooperative and predictable process reminiscent of substrate channelling (conveyor belt) in biological systems. Here, the authors illustrate this approach for cascade and antagonistic reactions, namely a two-step deacetalization–Knoevenagel condensation of dimethyl acetals to cyanoates and a base-catalysed triacylglyceride transesterification.
See Isaacs et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_2.txt,ave_3,3_2.txt,"Thin photo-factories
In their work, Wenbin Lin and colleagues introduce a family of tunable artificial enzymes equipping metal–organic framework monolayers with an amino acid-coordinated metal centre and photoactive cofactors. Different analogues of such photoactive catalysts can thus be integrated into an efficient artificial photosynthesis system.
See Lan et al.
Image credit: Wenbin Lin. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_2.txt,allv2,5_2.txt,"Light oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents.
See Ko et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,val
Science Advances,11_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_2.png,B,"ONLINE COVER 
  Cyathopharynx furcifer
 —one of approximately 240 species of cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika in Africa. In animals, the visual sensory system is key to vital tasks such as orientation, navigation, foraging, predator avoidance, communication, and mate choice. Visual opsin genes expressed in the cone and rod photoreceptor cells in the eye’s retina are at the core of animal vision. Ricci et al. examined visual opsin gene expression profiles across the massive adaptive radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika and show that adaptations of the visual system to habitat and diet occur via gene expression variation in a subset of opsin genes. Credit: Angel Fitor",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_36.txt,sbert,9_36.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of rosette colonies and solitary cells of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta undergoing signaling events. Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. Colgren et al. identified communication amongst the cells of S. rosetta colonies. This communication regulates shape and ciliary beating across the rosette. Understanding how information flows between cells in choanoflagellate colonies provides key insights into early animal evolution. Credit: Davis Laundon, Ella Maru Studio and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_2.txt,groundtruth,11_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Co-expression of optix (cyan) and frizzled2 (green) mRNA in a pupal hindwing of Bicyclus anynana, the squinting bush brown butterfly. Wnt signaling genes play an integral role in the communications of multicellular biological systems. To show how Wnt signaling influences eyespot and band butterfly wing patterns, Banerjee et al. demonstrate that different members of the Wnt signaling pathways are spatially and temporally regulated during different stages of wing development. This work gives insight into how interaction between different Wnt signaling pathways influences complex biological color patterns, as well as the differentiation of other biological tissues. Credit: Image by Dr. Tirtha Das Banerjee (Antónia Monteiro Lab)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_30.txt,allv2,9_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Habitat and structural home of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex S. cyanobacteriicola-S. taiwanensis. Fungi often form the outer structure in symbiotic relationships such as lichens. However, Chen et al. discovered a symbiosis in Taiwan’s subtropical forests where fungi live within cyanobacterial sheaths, forming erect, nitrogen-fixing thalli. The discovery of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex demonstrates unique fungi residing within structures built by cyanobacteria. This finding sheds light on unique forms of symbiosis and expands our understanding of fungal partnerships in nature. Credit: Che-Chih Chen",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_7.txt,multiBv1,11_7.txt,val
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.png,C,Fabricating thin polymer films on complex substrates can potentially advance a variety of fields such as drug delivery and separations. The featured cover graphic displays thin polymer films that form canopy structures over arrays comprised of different geometries. The canopies were fabricated using a novel technique that combines initiated chemical vapor deposition with the use of a scaffolding liquid that structurally supports the polymer film as it grows. Two methods of applying liquid scaffolds are explored in the article that allow for a range of liquids to be used and provide different degrees of control over the location of film formation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_11.txt,multiBv1,2015_11.txt,CN polymers,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2019_33.txt,sbert,2019_33.txt,"A composite film composed of liquid crystal polymer networks and polyvinylidene fluoride doped with carbon nanopowders exhibits a roll angle change of 235° under the midday sun during summer. It demonstrates phototactic and light-avoiding rolling behavior, indicating",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,A thermal conducting liquid crystal (TCLC) molecule was synthesized as a polymerizable building block and efficiently applied as a directional heat transfer material for the development of advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs). The directional heat transfer of TCLC was achieved by uniaxial molecular orientation. The uniaxially aligned TCLC film stabilized by photopolymerization exhibited a remarkable thermal conductivity up to 2.5 W/(m K) along the orientation direction. Newly developed TIMs from TCLC can be applied in advanced flexible devices.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_11.txt,allv2,2018_11.txt,test
BDJ In Practice,37_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_5.png,B,"In this issue...
Equality, diversity and inclusion work will never be finished - it requires all of us, every day, to be mindful of how our words and actions affect others.

In this EDI themed issue, we look at where dentistry is in its quest to become more equal, diverse and inclusive
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_3.txt,allv2,35_3.txt,"In this issue...
Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice.

Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_5.txt,groundtruth,37_5.txt,"In this diversity themed issue
Diversity matters, but is dentistry leading the way or lagging behind? In this themed edition, we unpick all aspects of equality, diversity and inclusion
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_10.txt,ave_2,34_10.txt,"In this issue...
In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_3,36_1.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.png,B,"Sapidolide A (SA) treats acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI) by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Acetaminophen (APAP) causes hepatocyte necrosis, which releases DAMPs and induces NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis. This leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β and IL-18, that further recruits immune cells and aggravates liver inflammation, as well as hepatocyte damage. SA acts as an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis in macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation and protecting against AILI.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/43_5.txt,sbert,43_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) has been widely illustrated in inducing persistent alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome during hepatitis. Given the close interaction between gut and liver disorders, this study further highlights that intake of MCD predisposes to experimental colitis and enhances its pathogenesis via modulating gut microbes and macrophages. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01291-y). See the article in pages 1912-1925.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"During the pathological process of pancreatic cancer, the composition of the gut microbiota changes (i.e., intestinal microbiota dysbiosis), and the gut barrier is impaired. As a result, certain gut microbes translocate to the pancreas and colonize the pancreas to induce a suppressive immune microenvironment that facilitates pancreatic cancer progression. See the article in pages 1027–1039.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_6.txt,multiBv1,42_6.txt,"Bile acids are important mediators for lipid absorption, distribution, and metabolism through activation of bile acid receptor FXR. Disregulation in bile acid homeostasis and FXR function resulted in NASH. The cover art dipicts the role of FXR in bile acid regulation and the FXR structure as the basis for rational drug design for treating NASH, both topics are reviewed by Jiao et al and by Tian et al in pages 1103 and 1120, respectively.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/43_8.txt,allv2,43_8.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_3.png,C,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in
transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with
the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In
this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol
IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted
degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,
via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The
cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological
figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs
of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol
IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying
dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating
UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,sbert,13_8.txt,"On The Cover Lateral root formation at the single-cell resolution. The cover displays a confocal
image of an Arabidopsis root with three lateral root primordia. The center primordium
explodes in colorful individual cells, symbolizing that the cells are extracted and
profiled through single-cell RNA-seq to dissect cell type specification. Cell identities
described in the model are represented by coloring the primordia, and the cells show
the UMAP plot obtained after clustering. Image by: Laura Serrano-Ron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_5.txt,multiBv1,14_5.txt,"On the cover: The different colored shapes depict the SA-induced NPR1, as a dimer, fused to TurboID
with the labeling radius highlighted in green and to GFP that is recognized by the
GFP nanobody-MNase used in greenCUT&RUN. When bound to NPR1-GFP, the GFP nanobody-MNase
cleaves the genomic loci bound by NPR1-GFP through its association with the TGA transcription
factor (TGA). The cover image illustrates, on the one side, the identification of
the nuclear partners of NPR1, while on the other side, the identification of genomic
targets of NPR1. Image by Jordan Powers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_3.txt,groundtruth,17_3.txt,"On The Cover The cover image shows the mutant library of rice generated by genome-wide targeted
mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9. A total of 34,234 rice genes were targeted by 88,541
sgRNAs and 91,004 targeted loss-of-function rice mutants were generated via large-scale
Agrobacterium transformation. Combining with the high-throughput genotyping method, a detailed
pipeline for genome-scale gene editing in plants was developed. Image by: Ze-hui Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_4.txt,allv2,10_4.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.png,C,"Particle tracking with graph optimal transport learning
A graph neural network approach, which incorporates an optimal transport-based algorithm, is developed for efficient tracking of particles in fluid flow. The image shows particle clouds at two different time steps (shown in blue and red).
See Liang, J., Xu, C. & Cai, S.
Image: Aizhen Yang, Hangzhou Sphere Studio, China. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"Insect-like plume tracking with reinforcement learning
Flying insects excel at solving the computational challenge of tracking of odour plumes. Many aspects of the associated behaviour and the underlying neural circuitry are well studied, but measuring neural activity directly in freely behaving insects is not tractable. Singh et al. developed a complementary in silico approach that involves recurrent neural network artificial agents that use deep reinforcement learning to locate the source of simulated odour plumes. The trained agents produce trajectories with a strong resemblance to those of flying insects and learn to compute task-relevant variables with distinct dynamic structures in population activity.
See Satpreet H. Singh et al.
Image: Bing Wen Brunton, Floris van Breugel / University of Washington. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_12.txt,ave_3,5_12.txt,"Generating turbulence trajectories with diffusion models
Diffusion models can be used to generate intricate and detailed particle paths in turbulent flows, reflecting the complex nature of fluid motion. By means of statistical analysis, Li et al. show that diffusion models can capture the full complexity of turbulent dynamics and generalize to extreme events.
See Li et al.
Image: Michele Buzzicotti, University of Rome Tor Vergata. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"Learning physical displacement fields with deep optical flow
Analysing complex flow dynamics is important in a wide range of problems in areas such as automotive, aerospace and biomedical engineering. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a key technique for visualizing and computing the velocity components of flow fields. Conventionally, manually designed algorithms are needed to process PIV measurements, but deep learning-based optical flow estimators are developed by Lagemann et al. that promise to be general, largely automated and to provide a high spatial resolution, which allows one to study very fine velocity fluctuations. The cover image highlights such a dense displacement field for a turbulent boundary layer predicted by the proposed optical flow learning model.
See Lagemann et al.
Image: Christian Lagemann, Institute of Aerodynamics Aachen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_6.txt,ave_2,3_6.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.png,D,"Animals can show cognitive biases leading to apparently irrational behaviour. Amongst
these, the question of overconfidence has received most attention, partly because
it can reveal itself in interactions such as conflict, illustrated by the two gold
dust day geckos (Phelsuma laticorda) fighting on a banana plant in Réunion. Clearly an evolutionary approach to questions
of cognitive biases is useful but how this is done has recently been criticized. In
this month’s Focus Issue, we examine the evolutionary approach to cognitive biases
exemplified by overconfidence and deception. (Photo by Thierry Caro, via Wikimedia
Commons.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_5.txt,sbert,28_5.txt,"There is widespread agreement that bee populations are declining in the industrial
world with the cause linked to a range of environmental stressors, including pesticides
and malnutrition. On pp. 268–278 of this issue, Mathieu Lihoreau and colleagues discuss
the important question of why bees appear so susceptible to these stressors and find
clues in their neurobiology and behaviour. Cover image: CSIRO via Wikimedia Commons",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/32_9.txt,allv2,32_9.txt,"Many different pollinators often visit the same flower, as seen in this image where
a buff-tailed bumble bee (Bombus terrestris), a red-tailed bumble bee (Bombus lapidarius) and a small sweat bee (Lasioglossum sp.) are sharing a plume thistle Cirsium rivulare flower. On pages 623–636, Willem Proesmans and colleagues discuss how such sharing of flowers
is a potential conduit for insect–pathogen spillover between species. Pathogen dynamics
are shaped by both the plant-pollinator network and species traits, and will be affected
by global change. Photo credit: Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_6.txt,multiBv1,36_6.txt,"Research on pollinator cognition usually focuses on a single reward
aspect in isolation. However, this does not reflect the complexity of reward types
that
pollinators encounter while foraging, as demonstrated by the Sonoran bumblebee,
Bombus sonorus collecting nectar, a complex mix of chemicals, from mealy sage
Salvia farinacea. On pages 1047–1058, Claire Hemingway and colleagues discuss
how reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition and demonstrate the need to
consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant–pollinator interactions.
Photo credit: Alexander Wild.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.txt,groundtruth,39_2.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.png,A,"Decoupled antigen binding and CD3 signalling in allogeneic T cells
This issue highlights the engineering of T cells and other immunomodulatory therapeutic cells with augmented functionality, for use to treat HIV, cancers, red-blood-cell disorders and injured, inflamed tissue.
The cover illustrates that allogeneic T cells can be engineered with a T cell receptor that decouples antigen-mediated T cell activation from T cell cytotoxicity.
See Kapetanovic et al.
Image: Daniel Pöschl, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Traceless isolation of killer T cells via DNA aptamers
This issue highlights an overview of immunotherapies leveraging engineering approaches, the traceless isolation of CD8+ T cells for CAR-T cell therapy, high-throughput immunomagnetic cell sorting implemented in a microfluidic chip, orthologous therapeutic proteins that elude the adaptive immune system, glycosylated peptides for preventing T-cell-mediated diabetes in mice, and a cell-culture system for assembling 3D tissue models by stacking layers containing pre-conditioned microenvironments.
The cover illustrates the isolation of CD8+ T cells by magnetic microbeads functionalized with DNA aptamers that specifically bind to the T-cell marker CD8 and that can be displaced by a complementary oligonucleotide.
See Kacherovsky et al.
Image: Hang Yu Lin. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,ave_2,8_9.txt,"Antigen-agnostic tumour tagging for CAR T cell therapy
This issue highlights the generation of T cells expressing a tumour-directed receptor constitutively and an inducible transgene, the suppression of tumour growth via the cooperative phagocytic activity of macrophages, a nanoparticle targeting myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs for resolving immunoparalysis, the amphiphilic tagging of cancer cells for the universal redirection of CAR T cells against tumours, an interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel for the suppression of cytokine release syndrome, glycosylated antigens for the suppression of established immune responses, a fusion protein of an immunosuppressive enzyme for treating local inflammation, the transcriptomic profiling of the fate of human CAR T cells in vivo, and the microfluidic isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood.
The cover illustrates that the tagging of tumour cells with an amphiphilic ligand for a chimaeric antigen receptor on T cells allows for the universal redirection of the cells against solid tumours.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Angela Zhang and co-authors. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_4.txt,allv2,7_4.txt,test
Trends in Biotechnology,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.png,B,"Due to their nature as follow-on biologic drugs, the development of biosimilars can
be fraught with roadblocks from both the scientific and regulatory domains. In pages
70–83 of this issue, Ferro and colleagues discuss production challenges, the major
factors that affect the race to approval by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA
(Tortoise) and the EMA (Hare), and the possibility that improving on originator biologics
with ‘biobetters’ may prove to be the strategy of the future. Cover image(s) from
iStockPhoto/gabetcarlson and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_14.txt,ave_2,34_14.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt,allv2,43_1.txt,"Complex disease states and traumatic injuries present inherent challenges that necessitate
an evolution of current therapeutic strategies to meet them. In this special issue,
our authors highlight advances at the intersection of regenerative medicine, materials
science, and nanotechnology, which are paving the way to the next generation of therapeutics.
Cover images from iStockPhoto/traffic_analyzer, iStockPhoto/alex-mit, and iStockPhoto/DeMango
and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.png,B,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated
in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest
of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.
Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.png,C,"The tricolor micrograph captured with Australian Synchrotron XFM shows metal distribution in diabetic db/db mouse brain hippocampus. Blue color indicates decreased copper, while normal levels of iron (in red) and zinc (in green) were observed. Image credit: Mark Hackett.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,The image shows a tissue slice of the mouse hippocampus that has been digitally enhanced to highlight the different tissue regions. The light arc through the middle of the image shows the cornu ammonis (CA) over the also light-colored dentate gyrus. The pyramidal cells within the CA form networks that are commonly studied in particular for work related to learning and memory. Image credit: Marissa Cabay.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_11.txt,sbert,2018_11.txt,"A hippocampus being drawn: This cover art aims to represent the findings of our study on the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine on Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration, emphasizing cognitive improvements through the brain insulin pathway. The art was created in CorelDraw X8. The tridimensional c",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover graphics highlight the potential pharmacotherapeutic applications of belladonna to treating various diseases, particularly brain disorders. B",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_6.txt,multiBv1,2020_6.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_5.png,A,"Tension builds
A 3D printing technique that relies on tension to pull metal ink from a nozzle can create free-standing metallic structures with high conductivities and aspect ratios. The photograph on the cover shows an electromagnetic bandgap metamaterial fabricated with the tension-driven 3D printing technique.
See Ling et al. and News & Views by Yang
Image: Tee Research Group, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Printing stretchable electronics in three dimensions
Three-dimensional structures made of stretchable conductors can be printed using an emulsion-based composite ink. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the capabilities of the approach, which can be used to create different three-dimensional geometries that have a minimum feature size of less than 100 μm and a stretchability of more than 150%.
See Lee et al. and News & Views by Zhou & Yuk
Image: Seungjun Chung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,"3D-printed soft electronics
Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.
See Hui et al.
Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,"Soft electronics in 3D
Soft vias for connecting circuit layers can be created by using programmed photocuring to direct the assembly of liquid metal droplets. The photograph on the cover shows a multilayer soft circuit fabricated with the approach that can be used to sense magnetic fields and display the result by illuminating light-emitting diodes.
See Ho et al. and News & Views by Babatain
Image: Dong Hae Ho and Michael D. Bartlett, Virginia Tech. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_2.txt,ave_3,7_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.png,C,"A transition to renewable energy — such as wind and solar power — will require technology to store energy for use when the wind does not blow and when the sun doesn’t shine. While lithium-ion batteries have proven useful for relatively small scale operations, from laptops to single vehicles, they are unlikely to be useful or yet practical for large scale grid-level operations. Redox flow batteries have the potential to fill that niche, but there is much to do to realize that potential. See Zhang et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Guihua Yu and co-workers Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_5.txt,sbert,6_5.txt,"Microbes can derive energy from the enzymatic degradation of plant biomass. For example, cutinase enzymes hydrolyze ester linkages in cutin, the hydrophobic polymer on the outside of plants. Related enzymes can degrade synthetic polyesters like polyethylene terephthalate, and the prospect of clean and efficient polymer degradation would contribute to a sustainable environment. See Chen et al.
Image: Chun-Chi Chen. Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"Electronic waste or e-waste is an ever-increasing problem driven by the global population’s insatiable thirst for the latest gadgets. Discarded electronics contain a range of valuable materials, which might be recovered and reused. Recycling e-waste can reduce carbon emissions and the release of hazardous materials into soil and water. Furthermore, the scarcity of some natural resources will begin to limit the new technologies that can be built if we do not begin to better understand how to recycle these waste streams. See Niu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,allv2,8_11.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.png,A,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,groundtruth,2023_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.png,B,"Complex spatial cognition supports seemingly simple actions like picking up a coffee mug. In this Review, Fiehler and Karimpur discuss the spatial coding underlying such actions and suggest that research should integrate across spatial scales.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,"In this Review, Ayzenberg and Behrmann examine the maturation of object recognition from infancy through childhood.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"In this Review, Snyder et al. discuss leading theories of rhythm perception and synthesize relevant behavioural, neural and genetic findings.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.txt,multiBv1,3_6.txt,"In this Review, Orben et al. describe the mechanisms by which social media could amplify the developmental changes that increase adolescents’ mental health vulnerability.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.txt,sbert,3_7.txt,test
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.png,D,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"We explore the capabilities and limitations of disulfide rebridging for introducing trans-cyclooctene click handles into off-the-shelf antibodies integral to multiplexed analytical diagnostics. Rebridging outcomes differ substantially by species of origin and IgG subclass, highlighting a complex relationship between hinge region structure, biological activity, and conjugation chemistry of IgG antibodies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,"Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) combines an antibody and small molecule drugs in one entity, representing a new class of potent biopharmaceutical drugs. Potent small molecule drugs are conjugated to the constant domains of antibodies via various linker chemistries. The antibody component of ADC enables circulation in the bloodstream for days and specific delivery of cytotoxic drugs into cells upon antigen target-mediated internalization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,N-Terminal site-specific biotin and digoxigenin (DIG) conjugated reagents are applied to the clinical anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay development for a VHH antibody using the bridging ELISA format. The site-specific conjugates demonstrated superior purity and homogeneity compared to conventional conjugates and can potentially reduce the possibility of missing detection of ADAs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.png,A,"Bacteria can use chemotaxis to locate and establish ecological
partnerships with other organisms. Previously, it has been estimated that some cells
are
too small to be sensed by chemotactic bacteria. However, as discussed in this issue’s
Opinion piece by Seymour et al., recent evidence points to unsuspected chemotactic
precision and indicates that chemotaxis might underpin ecological interactions between
individual bacterial cells. The cover image highlights how chemotactic bacteria (blue
cells)
may use chemical signals to increase time spent in the proximity of other small bacteria
(green cells) or cluster around larger microbes (e.g. phytoplankton). Image courtesy:
Glynn Gorick, Justin Seymour, Douglas Brumley, Roman Stocker, Jean-Baptiste Rain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"The cover illustrates chemical gradients sensed by various microbes resulting in altered
localization via the phenomenon known as chemotaxis. The association between bacterial
chemotaxis and human infections is the main topic of the review by Zhou, Szymanski
and Baylink. Image courtesy: Bibi Zhou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"Many human bacterial infections consist of more than one bacterial species, and these
interact physically and chemically during infection. It is now recognised that this
‘social networking’ can influence both disease progression and response to treatment
as discussed by Short et al. on pages 508–516. The cover image is an illustration of the network of interactions
that can occur within a complex bacterial community such as those found in some human
infections. Cover image courtesy Francesca Short and Robert Ryan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/22_4.txt,multiBv1,22_4.txt,"The cover image shows an experimental setup which can be viewed as a bacterial ‘model’
of primary tumor–metastases interplay. Shown is an example of colony development of
a primary colony and four daughter colonies of the Paenibacillus dendritiformis pattern-forming social bacterium. Color shades indicate cell density, red for low
and yellow/white for high. After inoculation at the center of the colony, cells replicate
and organize establishing a ‘mother colony’. Then cells with different epigenetic
traits start to leave the center region and form expanding branches. The four daughter
colonies are grown from cells transferred by toothpick inoculation from the edge of
the mother colony (from the four white dots at the yellow edge). Comparison of the
shapes of the colonies to that of four daughter colonies grown on another Petri dish
in the absence of the primary colony indicates an ongoing interplay (likely mediated
by chemical signaling) between the primary colony and its daughter colonies. This
experiment represents a bacterial analogue to multi-location xenografts in cancer
for studying primary tumor–metastases interplay and this and other lessons that can
be learnt from bacteria about cancer are discussed by Ben-Jacob et al. on pages 403–410. Cover image courtesy Eshel Ben-Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/20_4.txt,ave_2,20_4.txt,test
Cancer Cell,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_1.png,A,"On the cover: Yang et al. reveal a mechanism of immune evasion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and suggest
the strategy of combining CD155 blockade with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cover image
shows a cuckoo chick in a host bird’s nest, symbolizing CD49f+ TICs within the tumor microenvironment. The host bird represents neutrophils, attracted
to the cuckoo through its mimicry of the host’s calls, similar to how TICs release
CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils. The host then invests resources to feed the cuckoo,
paralleling neutrophils secreting CCL4 to support TIC survival. As the cuckoo matures,
its feathers (representing CD155) help it blend in and evade predators like the snake,
which symbolizes CD8+ T cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"On the cover: The angel and demon wings represent the two faces of FOXOs in suppressing
breast cancer or inducing the resistance of cancer cells to drug inhibition. The cage
symbolizes harnessing the power of the epigenetically regulated FOXO/c-Myc axis in
context of nucleosomes to synergistically kill cancer cells using drugs. See Matkar
et al. (pp. 472–485) for details. Cover art by Lili Guo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/28_3.txt,sbert,28_3.txt,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Virassamy et al. (pp. 585–601) characterize the key role of CD8+ T cells
displaying properties of tissue residency that accumulate in response to anti-PD-1
and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), mediate local protective immunity
against murine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and associate with better outcomes
in TNBC patients treated with ICI. The cover image represents a progression of scale,
depicting an encapsulated TNBC, the tumor microenvironment, and a vignette revealing
molecular interactions. Within the TNBC microenvironment, tissue-resident memory CD8+
T cells (apricot) accumulate and interact with breast cancer tumor cells (red), non-cancerous
cells (blue), and infiltrating dendritic cells (pink). The vignette portrays the disruption
of PD-1 (apricot receptor) on the tissue-resident memory T cells and PD-L1 (red-pink
receptor) on breast cancer cells following blockade by checkpoint immunotherapy (anti-PD-1,
blue). Cover art by Dr. Maja Divjak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_10.txt,multiBv1,41_10.txt,val
Lab Animal,53_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_9.png,C,"Animal models of post-COVID-19 condition
Over 40% of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience lasting neurological issues; suitable animal models are needed to better understand these issues. In a new Perspective, Usai et al. provide an overview of the animal models that are available to mimic human post-COVID-19 condition, with a focus on neurological symptoms.
See Usai et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_4.txt,multiBv1,52_4.txt,"Modeling sepsis in nonhuman primates
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is the result of dysregulated host responses to systemic infections. It remains difficult to treat, aside from the administration of early antibiotics and fluids. Nonhuman primates, like the baboon pictured, are important preclinical models of sepsis that can be more translationally relevant than rodents, providing researchers unique opportunities for understanding the condition and advancing potential therapies to the clinic.
See Chen et al.
Image: Mark Holdefehr/500px/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_10.txt,allv2,48_10.txt,"In vivo modeling of postpartum hemorrhage
Severe bleeding after childbirth – postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) – is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Several animal models have been developed for testing novel therapeutic materials; however, these animals differ considerably from the anatomy and physiology of a postpartum woman. In a new Review, Hargett, Leslie et al. critically evaluate available animal models of PPH and propose additional methods for modeling PPH in vivo.
See Gaharwar et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_9.txt,groundtruth,53_9.txt,"The NeoThy humanized mouse model
Humanized mouse models with human fetal-derived hematopoietic system and lymphoid tissues are well-established, but ethical constraints and difficulties to access human fetal tissues limit their use. In a new Protocol, Del Rio, Huang et al. describe the development of the NeoThy mouse model, a humanized mouse model that incorporates neonatal thymus tissue and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells as non-fetal human tissue sources.
See Del Rio et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_6.txt,sbert,52_6.txt,test
Nature Cities,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_12.png,D,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.png,A,"This study modifies the ZSM-5 zeolite support of Au/ZSM-5 catalysts through desilication-recrystallization to increase activity for partial methane oxidation. The treatment notably enhances oxygenate yield, primarily of methanol and acetic acid, by redistributing acid sites across the zeolite surface and stabilizing gold nanoparticles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,The cover shows an artificially colored focused ion beam scanning electron micrograph of a kaolin-bound ZSM-5 extrudate. The article by Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers assesses the complexity of harmonizing the interaction between the zeolite and binder phases for the catalytic conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. The major differences in performance observed highlight the critical need to rationalize the role of additives in heterogeneous catalysis (see page 2409).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2014_5.txt,allv2,2014_5.txt,"For the Ni10-V-MgAl catalyst, the V promoter simultaneously entered the structure of Ni and the support, enhancing the activation of methane and carbon dioxide, which promoted the catalytic activity under the premise of long-term stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_11.txt,ave_2,2021_11.txt,scanning transition X-ray microscopy studies at the Ni and Co L-edges were utilized to observe electronic and morphological changes in a NiCo dry methane reforming (DMR) catalyst during the reductive activation step and during the DMR reaction,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_14.txt,sbert,2020_14.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.png,D,"Scanning electron micrograph of T lymphocytes attacking a cancer cell. Kortylewski et al. activate antitumor immunity using a CpG toll-like receptor 9 agonist linked to siRNA (p 925). Credit: Steve Gschmeissner, Science Photo Library.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/27_3.txt,multiBv1,27_3.txt,"CAR macrophages
A scanning electron micrograph of a macrophage (top) and cancer cells. In this issue, Klichinsky et al. engineer macrophages with human chimeric antigen receptors, directing their phagocytic activity against tumors.
See Klichinsky et al.
Image: Steve Gschmeissner, Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/38_5.txt,sbert,38_5.txt,An illustration of a tumor surrounded by T cells bearing cytokine 'backpacks'. The cytokine-delivery system developed by Tang et al. releases cytokines specifically at the tumor after T cells recognize a tumor antigen (p 707). Image credit: Yutao Dong,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_5.txt,allv2,36_5.txt,"Liposomal antibiotics unleash antitumor immune response
An illustration of liposomal antibiotics (pink lipid particles) targeting tumor-associated bacteria (colored spheres in central purple tumor), leading to activation of T cells (white) by cytokines (orange) released from antigen-presenting cells (not shown). Wang et al. show that killing bacteria in tumors by liposomal delivery of antibiotics generates neoantigens that enhance T cell antitumor immunity in a mouse model of colon cancer.
See Wang et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.png,C,"Prolonged immune activation via polymer–STING condensates
This issue highlights an albumin–IL-4 fusion protein that ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the potency of CAR-T cells targeting a nucleophosmin neoepitope for treating acute myeloid leukaemia, vaccination against leukaemia via the sustained release of co-encapsulated anti-PD-1 and a leukaemia-associated antigen, the generation of hypoimmunogenic T cells from engineered allogeneic human induced pluripotent stem cells, erythrocyte-anchored chemokine-encapsulating nanoparticles for treating lung metastases, the durable activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist, and the design of host defence peptides that specifically target Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The cover illustrates that a polymeric STING agonist can prolong the activation of innate-immunity pathways via the formation of condensates.
See Li et al.
Image: Xianzhi Chen, Shenyang Zhiyan Science and Technology Co. Ltd. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"Antigen-agnostic tumour tagging for CAR T cell therapy
This issue highlights the generation of T cells expressing a tumour-directed receptor constitutively and an inducible transgene, the suppression of tumour growth via the cooperative phagocytic activity of macrophages, a nanoparticle targeting myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs for resolving immunoparalysis, the amphiphilic tagging of cancer cells for the universal redirection of CAR T cells against tumours, an interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel for the suppression of cytokine release syndrome, glycosylated antigens for the suppression of established immune responses, a fusion protein of an immunosuppressive enzyme for treating local inflammation, the transcriptomic profiling of the fate of human CAR T cells in vivo, and the microfluidic isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood.
The cover illustrates that the tagging of tumour cells with an amphiphilic ligand for a chimaeric antigen receptor on T cells allows for the universal redirection of the cells against solid tumours.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Angela Zhang and co-authors. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_4.txt,multiBv1,7_4.txt,"Supramolecular bispecific T cell engagers with controllable disassembly
This issue highlights advances in the design of bispecific T cell engagers, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mineralized bacteria and other cellular as well as molecular immunotherapies for the modulation of the activity of the immune system against cancers and other inflammatory conditions.
The cover illustrates the small-molecule-mediated control of the antitumour activity of a supramolecular bispecific T cell engager through its disassembly.
See Gong et al.
Image: Ningqiang Gong. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,sbert,8_9.txt,val
Nature Cell Biology,26_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.png,D,Sharp Dpp boundaries sculpt fly legs by triggering cell death in the joints.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/9_12.txt,allv2,9_12.txt,"Cell atlas
Focus on mapping the cells of the body
See
Börner et al.
Image: Image courtesy of MC-IU HuBMAP team, Indiana University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_2.txt,multiBv1,23_2.txt,"Multi-organelle units
OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis.
See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele
Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, ""Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.txt,sbert,26_5.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,groundtruth,26_4.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_782,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.png,B,"ONLINE COVER CAR and Driver. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a cancer immunotherapy engineered to recognize a specific antigen on a tumor surface. CAR T cell therapy can result in damage to healthy cells and/or tumor cells escaping destruction when a convenient target tumor antigen is not available. To address this problem, Park et al. first infected tumors with an oncolytic virus to express the antigen CD19, then delivered CAR T cells recognizing CD19 to destroy these tumors. The image shows a tumor infected with an oncolytic virus (green), with cell nuclei in blue. [CREDIT: A. K. PARK, S.-I. KIM, S. J. PRICEMAN/CITY OF HOPE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/12_559.txt,allv2,12_559.txt,"ONLINE COVER CAR T Kiss of Death. The cover image shows chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (green), which have been genetically modified to reduce off-tumor toxicities, forming functional immune synapses in preparation to kill colon cancer cells (magenta). Nuclei are shown in blue. Despite the success of CAR T cells in cancer treatment, a lack of unique tumor antigens often leads to on-target, off-tumor toxicities. To overcome this clinical challenge, Wang et al. improved tumor-specific targeting by genetically modifying CAR T cells to prevent their interaction with endothelial cells, reducing their ability to migrate into healthy tissues while retaining their ability to enter and eradicate tumors. Their work presents an improvement of CAR T cell therapies by minimizing their toxicities while enhancing their antitumor potential. Credit: Wang et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_782.txt,groundtruth,17_782.txt,"ONLINE COVER Hitting the Brakes. The cover image shows OX40 ligand-specific chimeric antigen receptor regulatory T cells (OX40L–CAR-Tregs, red) in co-culture with K562 cells (blue) expressing OX40 ligand (green). Many of the CAR-Tregs have acquired OX40 ligand from the K562 cells through trogocytosis (red and green colocalization). CAR T cell therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment and prompted their application to other fields of medicine. Rui et al. applied CAR T cell technology to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by generating OX40L–CAR-Tregs. The authors found that OX40L–CAR-Tregs could suppress activation of alloreactive T cells, in part by their ability to strip OX40 ligand, an activation antigen, from antigen-presenting cells. This translated into protection from GVHD in a xenogeneic transplant mouse model, supporting further development of OX40L–CAR-Tregs for GVHD and, potentially, solid organ transplants. Credit: Rui et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_769.txt,ave_3,16_769.txt,"ONLINE COVER Taking CAR T Cells Up a Notch. This image shows three sections of a glioblastoma tumor (yellow, lower image) in a mouse brain (nuclei in blue) infiltrated with activated synthetic notch-chimeric antigen receptor (synNotch-CAR) T cells (cyan, upper image) and undergoing apoptosis (magenta, middle image). Tumor specificity and effector cell exhaustion are two challenges hindering the success of CAR T cells for solid tumors. In a pair of manuscripts, Choe  et al. and Hyrenius-Wittsten  et al. demonstrated that synNotch-CAR T cells, which only turn on expression of the CAR at the site of the tumor, were tumor-specific and kept CAR T cells in a less exhausted state. synNotch-CAR T cell treatment reduced tumor burden in mouse models of glioblastoma, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancer. Thus, synNotch-CAR T cells are an attractive option for overcoming challenges associated with treating solid tumors. [CREDIT: CHOE ET ALMAC_Bench/Science TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_591.txt,ave_2,13_591.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.png,B,"Spotlight on 2021, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p81
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Breaking barriers, inspired by the Review on p222.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Opening the gates, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_5.txt,multiBv1,18_5.txt,"Linked together, inspired by the Review on p599.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,train
Immunity,57_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_11.png,C,"On the cover: Microglia are thought to be developmentally derived from a common progenitor,
yet they reside in physiologically diverse niches of the central nervous system. O'Koren
and Yu et al. (723–737) show that microglia in discrete anatomical locations of the
retina are functionally distinct, both in how they are maintained locally and in their
contribution to neurophysiological responses. Furthermore, microglia occupy another
niche in retinal degenerative states, where they are reprogrammed to protect the retina
against disease-associated damage. The illustration of the ecological bird niches
in a tree is a metaphor for the distinct microglial niches of the retina described
in this paper. Image by Zhengdong Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_4.txt,sbert,50_4.txt,"On the cover: Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, play an important role in
the maintenance of brain homeostasis, but they lose their homeostatic function during
the course of neurodegenerative disorders. In this issue of Immunity, Krasemann and Madore et al. (566–581) describe how the microglia phenotype switch
is regulated on the molecular level. Several homeostatic microglial genes including
P2ry12are downregulated during disease and aging, whereas Apoeis upregulated and serves as the major regulator of neurodegenerative microglia. TREM2
induced APOE signaling, and inhibiting the TREM2-APOE pathway restored the homeostatic
microglial function. The cover image illustrates homeostatic microglia maintained
by TGF-β signaling as Dr. Jekyll. APOE signaling induces neurodegenerative microglia
when they eat dying neurons and transform into Mr. Hyde in disease. Illustration by
Daisy Chung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/47_4.txt,allv2,47_4.txt,"On the cover: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs) are associated with various neurological
disorders. In this issue, Lan et al. examine the plasticity and fate of DAMs during brain injury and recovery in juvenile
and neonatal mice and find that in the neonatal stroke models, DAM-like microglia
regained a homeostatic signature and integrated into the microglial network after
recovery but remained sensitized to subsequent immune challenges. Some microglia remain
within the core injury region, perishing alongside the damaged cells. However, other
microglia escape the infarct core, migrating away from the injury region and regaining
homeostatic features, akin to soaring butterflies rising from the ashes. Image created
by Zhong Wei and Yangning Lan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_11.txt,groundtruth,57_11.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_2.txt,ave_3,58_2.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_5.png,A,On the cover: Schematic representation of mRNA translation to protein by a ribosome from Tkaczyk et al. Image credit: Astra Zeneca.,MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the Cover: Although AAV researchers have previously discovered many molecules required for AAV
binding and entry, our picture remains incomplete (represented in this rendering of
the partial structure of AAV9). In Dudek et al., pp. 367–381, researchers use CRISPR/Cas
screens to uncover another pivotal piece of the puzzle. (Image credit: Eric Zinn,
Luk H. Vandenberghe Lab.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/28_13.txt,ave_2,28_13.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image details the mechanism of action of designed mRNA delivery to a target
cell via a liposomal nanoparticle. This special issue of Molecular Therapy is focused on the development of mRNA-based therapies. Katalin Kariko´ (BioNTech
RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH) and Paloma Giangrande (Moderna) served as the guest editors.
Image courtesy of Moderna Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_11.txt,allv2,27_11.txt,"On the Cover: Differences in endocytosis and intracellular traffic of mRNA (magenta) (coding for
GFP, green) by LNPs in different pre-clinical cancer cell models were highlighted
by a testing process called endocytic profiling. Imaging structures, such as endosomes,
lysosomes (upper right), Golgi (top left), and microtubules (bottom center), and measuring
endolysosomal pH can guide further investigations of nanoformulations as delivery
vectors for therapeutics. See Sayers et al., pp. 1950–1962.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_2.txt,ave_3,27_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.png,B,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,"TiB2-derived nanosheets lead to the conversion of a majority γ-C2S phase to β-C2S phase, which is stable at room temperature. β-Phase stabilization enhances the initial rate and degree of hydration of dicalcium silicate, thereby reducing the carbon footprint of cement from the atmosphere (image by Bhagyashri Gaykwad, Prof. Kabeer Jasuja, and Xina Wang on Freepik). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.png,A,"‘Decoding speech’, inspired by the Review on p473.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"‘Song processing’, inspired by the Perspective on p711.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"‘The language network’, inspired by the Review on p289.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.txt,multiBv1,25_8.txt,"‘Talking in time’ inspired by the Review on p322.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_7.txt,ave_1,21_7.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.png,C,"COVER: Antigen presentation, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_3,22_1.txt,"Origins of immunity, inspired by the Perspective on p629.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_3.txt,allv2,22_3.txt,"Sex differences in Immunity, inspired by the Review on p487.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_6.txt,groundtruth,24_6.txt,"COVER: Immune ageing, inspired by the Review on p484.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_5.txt,ave_2,22_5.txt,val
ACS Engineering Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.png,B,We have taken a piece of this reactor cake and used it for modeling the hydrodynamic behavior. Our results point to the regimes and design guidelines of internal recycling Berty reactors for catalyst testing.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_5.txt,ave_2,2022_5.txt,"rinciple describes reversible processes, whereas the depolymerization of step-growth polymers involves driving the equilibrium toward the monomer side. Interpreting",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,Frontier orbital energies of small organic molecules can be represented using knowledge-based and struct,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_3.txt,sbert,2022_3.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.png,A,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,allv2,6_8.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_3.png,B,"Method of the Year 2018
Imaging in freely behaving animals is our Method of the Year 2018 for the possibilities this approach opens up in investigations of complex behaviors, including social interactions in a naturalistic environment.
Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_12.txt,ave_3,16_12.txt,"20 years of Nature Methods
This month, Nature Methods celebrates its 20th anniversary with a special feature.
See Editorial
Image: Thomas Phillips, Springer Nature. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"The cover celebrates ten years of Nature Methods. Design by Erin Dewalt, based on images of the number '10' generated by multiple methods, contributed by Yonggang Ke (Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University); Kristina Woodruff and Sebastian Maerkl (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Akira Takai, Yasushi Okada, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai (Osaka University); Alan Shaw and Björn Högberg (Karolinska Institutet); Lauren Polstein and Charles Gersbach (Duke University); Sandra Duffy (Griffith University); and Navneet Dogra and T. Kyle Vanderlick (Yale University). Visit Methagora for more information about these images.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_3.txt,ave_2,11_3.txt,"Special Feature: Nature Methods turns 15!
This month we celebrate the fifteen-year anniversary of Nature Methods. The cover artwork comprises images from previous covers of Nature Methods throughout the years.
Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_3.txt,allv2,16_3.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_8.png,C,"Tuna-dependent economies and climate change
Climate change will shift tuna fish away from the tropics. The study by Bell and colleagues finds two routes to sustaining the tuna-dependent economies of Pacific Small Island Developing States—reducing greenhouse gas emissions or negotiating to maintain the current benefits they receive from tuna.
See Bell et al.
Image: ©ISSF, Fabien Forget. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_3.txt,ave_1,4_3.txt,"Sustainable space
We are rapidly expanding our reach into Earth’s orbital space and beyond. The adverse impacts of this development occur right here on Earth’s surface and in our atmosphere, in our near orbital space and all the way to our ability to see into the stars. As we show in this month’s Focus, it is now urgent to extend our notions of protecting a sustainable future on Earth to ensure a sustainable future in space.
See Editorial
Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_10.txt,multiBv1,7_10.txt,"Jobs in transition
A more sustainable economic system will have substantial effects on employment as sectors will downsize and jobs will be lost while emerging industries will need new workforce. This Focus issue highlights the likely effects of a sustainability transition on jobs and the barriers that both research and policy should overcome to facilitate such a transition.
See Focus page here
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Land freight multiple impacts
Per-capita land freight in the United States, as pictured, has been increasing in recent decades. Bond and colleagues analyse projections to 2050 to examine the emissions, health and climate impacts of US freight truck and rail transportation under various policy scenarios.
See Bond et al.
Image: Mark Stone/CIG/ aerial support by LightHawk/University of Washington. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_9.png,D,"On the cover: The authors’ interpretation of Conrad Hal Waddington’s epigenetic landscape
metaphor. In this issue of Cell Systems, Coomer and colleagues (83–102) demonstrate how stochasticity, as pervasive variability
in single-cell data, changes the shape and qualitative features of the epigenetic
landscape and the differentiation dynamics. Development is not a random-walk on the
landscape, but the shape of the landscape changes in ways that cannot be captured
by deterministic dynamics alone. Image courtesy of Lucy Ham.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_12.txt,allv2,13_12.txt,"On the cover: A global network of pairwise genetic interaction profile similarities
visualized using Cytoscape. Colors highlight prominent and coherent clusters enriched
for different GO terms. In this issue of Cell Systems, Heigwer et al. (p. 346–362) report a global network of profile similarities to understand
complex gene regulatory networks. The authors generate synthetic genetic interaction
and cell morphology profiles of more than 6,800 genes in cultured Drosophila cells and use the resulting map for machine-learning-based gene function discovery,
enabling uncovering mechanisms underlying genetic interactions at the single-cell
level.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_8.txt,sbert,14_8.txt,"On the cover: Fitness landscapes. In this issue, Pan et al. (555–568) characterize
differential fitness responses to genetic perturbations in cancer cell lines and demonstrate
the utility of these fitness profiles in studying gene function. Inspired by the classic
album cover of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures record and enabled by Claus Wilke's R-package “ggridges,” the cover image is an artistic
interpretation generated using real data from the fitness responses of 342 cancer
cell lines to knockout of individual genes, each represented by a trace. Image credit:
Robin Meyers, Joshua Pan, and Eric Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: 2nd and 3rd elementary landscapes (ELs) (top and middle, respectively)
and a linear combination of 2nd and 3rd ELs (bottom). Each vertex represents a unique
genotype, and colors indicate simulated fitness. Edges connect genotypes accessible
by a single mutation. In this issue of Cell Systems, Meger et al. experimentally characterize the DNA specificity landscape in the LacI/GalR family
of gene regulators, revealing its extreme ruggedness and providing insights into the
evolutionary dynamics shaping DNA specificity and regulatory function. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_9.txt,groundtruth,15_9.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.png,D,Fluorescence image of live human embryonic kidney cells showing voltage-gated sodium channels stained with a voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye. González and colleagues describe rapid electro-optical method for screening candidate ion-channel blockers. (p. 439),MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/24_9.txt,sbert,24_9.txt,"A pseudocolored scanning electron microscopy image of nanobeads carrying VSVG-pseudotyped lenti viruses. Schubert et al. report a method to target single cells in live animals for viral transduction by guiding the magnetic beads to a cell in the mouse brain using an electromagnetic field (p 81). Image credit: G. Morison and R. Schubert, ETH Zürich, for SEM imaging and M. Oeggeli, Micronaut, for coloring.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_12.txt,allv2,36_12.txt,Artist’s impression of digital ELISA. Rissin et al. determine protein abundance by capturing beads bearing single analyte molecules in arrayed femtoliter-volume reaction chambers (p 595). Credit: Ken Eward © BioGrafx.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/28_7.txt,multiBv1,28_7.txt,"Measuring organellar sodium ions
A DNA nanodevice measuring organellar sodium ion levels in lysosomes of living cells. Zou et al. developed RatiNa for imaging intracellular Na+ at single-organelle resolution.
See Zou et al.
Image: Junyi Zou and Bruna Di Giacomo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,train
Nature Plants,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/11_1.png,B,"Genetic colour code
Most oranges and other cultivated citrus fruits tend to have light yellow or green flesh. But different abilities to synthesise anthocyanin produce different colours, controlled by the Ruby2–Ruby1 gene cluster.
See Huang, D. et al.
Image: X. Jiang & Q. Xu. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"Expanding the diversity of sweet potato
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a hexaploid crop with an annual production in excess of 80 million tonnes. Detailed sequencing and phenotyping of 294 accessions showed that variations in their principal agronomic traits (expanded tuberous roots and orange colour) result from increased dosage of two genes: the expansin gene IbEXPA4 and the Orange gene.
See Zhang, X. et al.
Image: Zhangjun Fei, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"Digging for weevil resistance in sweet potato variety
Sweet potato weevils are a major crop pest, causing substantial economic and environmental harm in the tropics and subtropics. Identifying genes conveying resistance to weevils, such as SPWR1 and SPWR2, is a route to eco-friendly pest management.
See Liu, et al.
Image: Guoguo Mei. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_2.txt,multiBv1,8_2.txt,"Preventing aerial potatoes
Potato tubers are specialized structures for storing carbon underground, helping the plant survive the winter. A single gene, BRANCHED1b, blocks the accumulation of sugars in above-ground plant organs. Its loss results in tubers growing on shoots.
See Nicolas, M. et al.
Image: Inés Poveda, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC. Cover Design: E. Dewalt. Hero image credit: Yihua Zhou, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_11.txt,allv2,8_11.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,15_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/15_1.png,B,"Glacier response to ice-shelf melt
Ice loss from Antarctica is sensitive to changes in ice shelves, including the Ross Ice Shelf as shown on the cover. Finite-element modelling reveals that localized ice-shelf thinning, particularly in locations vulnerable to warm-water intrusion, can have far-reaching impacts across the entire shelf via tele-buttressing.
See Reese et al. and News & Views by Gagliardini.
Image: André Gilden/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_12.txt,allv2,8_12.txt,"Observing a smoother Arctic
As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.
See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym
Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,groundtruth,15_1.txt,"Snow under the microscope
Snow is a key component of the climate system and is undergoing substantial changes as a consequence of anthropogenic warming. The spatial coverage and thickness of Earth’s snow cover is decreasing dramatically, with implications for water resources, atmospheric teleconnections and planetary albedo. This issue includes a Focus collection of Comments, Reviews, Perspectives and original research documenting the key role snow plays in the climate system and how this may be modified with climate change. The collection can also be found online at: nature.com/collections/snow.
Image: Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"Arctic erosion reduces ocean CO2 sink
Permafrost melting is linked to a number of reinforcing feedback processes accelerating warming. Writing in this issue, Nielsen and colleagues study how increased rates of Arctic coastal erosion, due to permafrost melt, affect Arctic Ocean biogeochemical cycling in an Earth system model. They find that greater terrestrial carbon input limits the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that the ocean can sequester, leading to amplified warming.
See Nielsen et al. and News & Views by Manizza
Image: Jenni Schurr and David M. Nielsen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_4.txt,multiBv1,14_4.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_8.png,D,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_3.txt,sbert,42_3.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Friedrich et al. (711–725) reveal the mode of action of bispecific antibodies
in patients with multiple myeloma. Particularly important for a response to bispecific
antibody therapy are specific CD8+ T cells, which drive an effective immune response. On the other hand, if there are
too many already exhausted CD8+ T cells, this predicts failure of bispecific antibody treatment in multiple myeloma.
Individual differences in the immune repertoire thus determine the clinical response
to treatment. The cover is inspired by pointillism, the painting technique pioneered
by Georges Seurat, and highlights how single dots of varying color (T cells in different
cell states) can blend together from a distance and make up an individual’s immune
repertoire. Seurat is also the name of the single-cell genomics tool used to visualize
some of the data in the paper. Artwork by Su Min Suh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_9.txt,allv2,41_9.txt,"On the cover: Dyikanov et al. develop a machine learning platform that classifies a patient’s immune system into
five immunotypes using a blood test. On the cover, the railway map represents these
immunotypes as train stations with distinct characteristics. G1-naive and G2-primed,
characteristic of immune systems with the greatest potential to respond to immunogenic
stimuli, are represented by a fertile, green landscape. G3-progressive is a transitional
immunotype represented by a central hub. The G4-chronic station is a heavily developed
urban landscape, symbolizing an immune system shaped by persistent activation and
chronic antigen exposure. G5-suppressive is a desert that represents a depleted immune
system. The trains ferry passengers among different stations along the railway lines,
symbolizing the dynamic nature of one’s immunotype depending on their health or disease
status. (Image credit: Alfiia Mustafina).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_12.png,A,"Prediction of life outcomes
While the socio-demographic factors that play an important role in human lives are well understood, accurately predicting life outcomes has not been possible. In this issue, Sune Lehmann et al. introduce a machine learning approach, based on language processing techniques, that can predict different aspects of human lives. The proposed model — called ‘life2vec’ — establishes relationships between concepts, captured by an embedding space, that form the foundation for the predictions of life outcomes. The image depicts such an embedding space as it converges, where the white dots represent individuals and white lines represent how they move as the model is optimized. The shades of blue represent the density of points: the brighter the blue, the higher the density.
See Sune Lehmann et al.
Image: Germans Savcisens, Technical University of Copenhagen. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"The future of Earth-system modeling
Weather and climate prediction has achieved steady progress over the past few decades thanks to advances in computational science. Nevertheless, our Earth-system models must adapt, and fast, to the explosion of data challenges and to future computing architectures. In this issue, Bauer et al. discuss the current limitations in the field and potential solutions to best exploit what new digital technologies have to offer.
See Bauer et al.
Image: lowball-jack/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Urban planning assisted by machine learning
Spatial urban planning is a highly complex task that mostly depends on the intuition and experiences of human experts. In this issue, Yu Zheng et al. propose an integrated human–ML (machine learning) collaborative workflow that uses deep reinforcement learning to optimize the generation of land use and road layouts for urban communities. Such an approach delegates the more time-consuming and computational-heavy steps to ML, leaving the more conceptual steps in the hands of human planners.
See Yu Zheng et al. and Paolo Santi
Image: jong ho shin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_4.txt,multiBv1,3_4.txt,"Advances in human mobility science
The field of human mobility has evolved drastically in the past 20 years. The increasing availability of data describing how people move across space and the ever-growing advances in computational science have allowed researchers to uncover regularities in many human activities that involve movements. But what’s next? Laura Alessandretti et al. discuss three key areas in human mobility — framed as minds, societies, and algorithms — where they expect to see substantial improvements in the future. Also in this issue, Marta C. González et al. demonstrate how a combination of both individuals’ mobility data (for instance, from smartphones) and data collected from dwellers (for instance, travel survey data) can be used to understand the evolution of urban spatial structure.
See Laura Alessandretti et al., Marta C. González et al. and James Bagrow
Image: Orbon Alija / E+ / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_102,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_102.png,A,"ONLINE COVER How Helminths Evade the Immune System. Approximately one-third of humans are infected by worm-like parasites called helminths, which have developed multiple strategies to evade immune-mediated destruction. Bohnacker et al. studied mice infected with the murine intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) to define parasite-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion. They report that helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) targets macrophages by inducing production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other immunomodulatory molecules. heGDH also suppresses leukotriene synthesis, which prevents alternative macrophage and T helper 2 (TH2) cell activation. This is yet another strategy devised by helminths to suppress antiparasite immune responses and thereby facilitate the establishment of chronic infections. This month’s cover features an adult female Hpb in the center, flanked by adult Hpb males with their characteristic caudal bursae on the left and right sides, crescent-shaped Hpb larvae from various stages surrounding the adults, and Hpb eggs in the four corners of the image. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_102.txt,groundtruth,9_102.txt,ONLINE COVER Activating Acetylcholine Production. This month's cover shows a section of mouse jejunum prepared 7 days after infection with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Hyperplasia of both yellow goblet cells (stained with the UEA-I lectin) and magenta tuft cells (expressing doublecortin-like kinase 1) is observed as part of the host immune response to this infection. Roberts et al. found that ILC2 synthesis and secretion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine contributed to effective expulsion of the parasites. [CREDIT: NAVEEN PARMAR/NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_57.txt,allv2,6_57.txt,"ONLINE COVER Guarding the Brain from Infection. The central nervous system (CNS) is shielded from invading pathogens through a combination of barriers and immune surveillance. Kim et al. identified a population of brain-localized macrophages capable of defending against systemic viruses to limit viral propagation in the CNS. This month’s cover shows blood vessels (yellow) within the connective membrane covering the brain, known as the dura mater, with the protective macrophages expressing MHCII (magenta) distributed along the venous sinus. Credit: Kim et alMAC_Bench/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_88.txt,ave_3,8_88.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Immunology of Human Schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. Humans are typically infected through agricultural, domestic, and fishing activities that expose them to contaminated water. Houlder et al. studied how the immune features of schistosomiasis change over time by tracking immune responses during acute human Schistosoma mansoni infections in a controlled experimental setting. The early stages of infection were dominated by an inflammatory type 1 T helper (TH1) cell–skewed response regardless of whether participants were infected with male or female cercariae-stage parasites. By 8 weeks, however, type 2 T helper (TH2) and T regulatory (Treg) cells dominated the response, consistent with chronic schistosomiasis. This month’s cover features fishermen on Lake Malawi near Cape Maclear, Malawi, a site endemic for schistosomiasis. Credit: Robert Harding Picture Libr. Ltd/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_97.txt,ave_2,9_97.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_9.png,D,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of graphene, which, given its unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties, continues to attract the interest of different scientific and engineering subfields. In this issue, authors report the use of graphene quantum dots in CIGS solar cells, graphene/silicon photodetectors, plasmon propagation in graphene, and more. Image Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,The illustration artistically demonstrates the boosting of light in-coupling into an optical fiber at almost grazing incidence via a dielectric axisymmetric nanostructure. Image courtesy of Anastasia Shalaeva.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_3.txt,ave_3,2020_3.txt,"The image artistically illustrates the interaction of light with a colloidal superstructure of a triangulated core decorated with gold nanoparticles. Besides the excitation of hotspots at the so-called satellite particles, the pronounced diffuse scattering is portrayed, which is characteristic for larger core particles above 100 nm in size.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_6.txt,allv2,2020_6.txt,"The image shows a glowing circle of dots on a black background. The dots are evenly spaced and become smaller as they move away from the center, creating a sense of movement and energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.png,B,"Microglia have traditionally been associated with brain infection and disease. However,
numerous recent studies have demonstrated that microglia also have important physiological
roles in the nervous system, even in the absence of pathologies. On pages 209–217,
Wake et al. review microglial contributions to the development, plasticity and maintenance of
neural circuits. The cover design is a confocal image showing microglial cells (green),
which tile the surface of the retina and lie in close proximity to retinal ganglion
cell axons (blue). They cluster at the center of the retina, where the axons converge
to leave the eye and form the optic nerve. Image credit: Alejandra Bosco and Monica
Vetter.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_9.txt,allv2,36_9.txt,"Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system
(CNS). Emerging evidence highlights the roles of homeostatic microglia in regulating
neuronal activity, interacting with synapses, tuning neural circuits, and modulating
behavior. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Shunyi Zhao, Anthony Umpierre,
and Long-Jun Wu review how microglia sense and regulate neuronal activity through
synaptic interactions, thereby directly engaging with neural networks and influencing
behavior in adult mice. The cover features a 3D reconstructed two-photon image of
microglia (blue) interacting with cortical excitatory neurons and apical dendrites
(red).
The cover image was acquired and processed by Shunyi Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_10.txt,groundtruth,47_10.txt,"Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the brain, are reactive to traumatic
brain injury (TBI) and drive long-term inflammation that may contribute to the high
prevalence of neuropathological complications after TBI. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Lynde Wangler and Jonathan Godbout discuss the influence of aging and interferons
on microglial reactivity and priming after TBI. The cover features a histological
image of IBA1+ microglia in the cortex 7 days after diffuse TBI induced by midline
fluid percussion injury in aged mice. The image demonstrates the broad morphological
diversity that aged reactive microglia adopt following injury, including rod microglia.
Cover image was acquired and processed by Lynde Wangler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_2.txt,ave_3,46_2.txt,"Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, adopt diverse roles that
span development, adulthood, and aging. Once thought to be a relatively homogeneous
population, there is a growing recognition that microglia are highly specialized to
suit
their specific brain region, with the cerebellum being one such area of specialization.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Mark Stoessel and Ania Majewska discuss
the roles cerebellar microglia play as they interact with the cerebellar environment,
and
how these roles contrast with those of microglial populations in other brain regions.
The
cover features an artistic representation of cerebellar microglia interacting with
a lone
Purkinje cell, the primary output cell of the cerebellum. Cover image by Rianne Stowell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_6.txt,multiBv1,44_6.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_1.png,C,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in
transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with
the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In
this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol
IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted
degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,
via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The
cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological
figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs
of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol
IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying
dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating
UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_3.txt,ave_3,18_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liu et al. show that MYB3R-like interacts with the methyltransferase
RID2 to maintain the 5’ cap structure of WUSCHEL (WUS) mRNA and protect it from degradation. As the most important stem cell regulator,
WUSCHEL maintains the accuracy of protein synthesis in stem cells by repressing key
components in protein folding to prevent the reuse of refolded proteins. Upon heat
stress, which results in extensive increases of misfolded proteins in stem cells,
the MYB3R-like/RID2 module is suppressed to decap WUS mRNA and reduce its stability. This releases the inhibition of protein folding capacity
in stem cells to eliminate misfolded proteins and allows stem cell survival at high
temperatures. The cover image is designed by the inspiration from the ancient Chinese
myth “Journey to the West”. After the havoc in heaven, the Monkey King is captured
and sealed in a magic alchemy furnace. The Monkey King needs to break the shackles
by kicking over the alchemy furnace to save himself from fire, just as stem cells
need to reduce WUS transcripts by decapping nascent WUS mRNAs to protect themselves under heat stress. Image by Sumei Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_1.txt,ave_2,18_1.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.png,C,"It has long been known that animals can gain information about their environment from
other species operating at the same trophic level as themselves. On pp. 354–361 of
this issue, Eben Goodale and colleagues ask whether this information can also influence
the spatial structure of mixed-species groups of animals. The concepts are illustrated
on this month’s cover using mixed-species clusters of imaginary fish. Shared information
about the habitat is represented on the surface at the centre of the image while information
about predators is shown flowing between the individuals as ribbons of binary data.
Cover image created by Lalith Manage, Janananda Laksiri and Eben Goodale (with thanks
to Jeffrey B. Graham, Jens Krause and Richard Rosenblatt for comments).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_8.txt,allv2,25_8.txt,"Iridescent signals change constantly with viewing geometry and illumination. However,
to be reliable, signals must be consistent, and easily perceived and evaluated by
receivers. On pages 187–195, Devi Stuart-Fox and colleagues discuss this paradox and
argue that iridescence can be a reliable signal when accompanied by adaptations to
enhance reliability. The cover image shows an iridescent jewel beetle (Temognatha chevrolatii) feeding on mallee flowers (Eucalyptus sp.) in Western Australia. Photo credit: Amanda Franklin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_10.txt,sbert,36_10.txt,"Organisms can gain information about other individuals through
visual signals. These signals often involve patches of colour that are viewed against
a background that can be another part of the same animal or an environmental
background, both demonstrated by the chromodorid nudibranch depicted here. On
pages 188–198, Eleanor Caves and colleagues argue that how a colour signal is
perceived is highly dependent on its background. As such, to understand the function
and evolution of colour signals, the signal must be considered in conjunction with
the
background as a 'multicomponent' signal. Photo credit: Jordan Casey.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_11.txt,groundtruth,39_11.txt,"Genomes conceal a vast intricate record of their carriers’ decent and evolution. To
disclose this information, biologists need phylogenetic models that integrate various
levels of organization, ranging from nucleotide sequences to ecological interactions.
On pp. 224–232 of this issue, Bastien Boussau and Vincent Daubin review the recent
advances and possible developments towards a comprehensive reconstruction of the history
of life. The cover image is a painting by Françoise Boussau-Janon: The use of molecular
phylogenetics reveals a forest of gene trees, with each tree representing a distorted
and fractional version of the history of organisms.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_10.txt,multiBv1,25_10.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_40,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.png,A,"In a whimsical journey through microchannel landscapes, our study delves into electroosmotic micromixing adventures. Navigating serpentine twists, we discover that strategically placed chemical patches induce counter-rotating vortices, enhancing mixing efficiency. Positive and negative ζ-potentials choreograph flow, offering a vibrant canvas for controlled microfluidic exploration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_40.txt,groundtruth,2024_40.txt,"A universal, modular, and tunable microfluidic architecture, combining plastic microfluidic cartridges and pre-degassed polymeric micropumps, is presented. The micropump absorbs air producing a negative pressure and triggering the movement of fluids within the microchannel. A wide range of fluid volumes may be processed in these microsystems, which is an unprecedented fact in self-powered microfluidics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_1.txt,sbert,2020_1.txt,Fluorescent Molecular Rotors are fluorescent molecules whose fluorescence lifetime and intensity are enhanced in media of high viscosity. We use this property to map quantitatively the evolution of viscosity during mixing of fluids in microfluidic channels.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_20.txt,allv2,2023_20.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: H. Wang et al., “Anticorrosive Epoxy Nanocomposite Coatings Filled with Polyaniline-Functionalized Silicon Nitride Particles” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02460); J. P. A. de Azevedo Barros et al., “Fluid Dynamic Analysis of a Modified Mechanical Stirring Spouted Bed: Effect of Particle Properties and Stirring Rotation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03139); J. de Jesus Ibarra-Sánchez et al., “Size Control, Chemical Kinetics, and Theoretical Analysis for the Production of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with a High Specific Absorption Rate” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02780); and L. Chen et al., “Spatiotemporal Modeling for Distributed Parameter System under Sparse Sensing” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02120).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_15.txt,multiBv1,2020_15.txt,test
Nature Protocols,19_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_12.png,B,"High spatial resolution imaging of biological tissues using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-DESI).
This protocol enables sensitive and quantitative imaging of lipids and metabolites in tissue sections with high throughput and spatial resolution. Hundreds of high-quality ion images were obtained from a single uterine section with a resolution of better than 10 µm.
See Yin et al.
Image: Julia Laskin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_1.txt,multiBv1,14_1.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,groundtruth,19_12.txt,"Whole-mouse imaging at the cellular level
Nanobody(VHH)-boosted 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (vDISCO) enables the labelling of single cells in intact animals or whole organs. The cover shows a vDISCO image of a whole mouse where individual metastatic cells (magenta), bones and organs (cyan) and muscles (yellow) are labelled via nanobodies.
See Cai et al.
Image: Ali Ertürk, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_9.txt,allv2,18_9.txt,"Scanning electron micrograph of a cell (pink) that is semi-encapsulated by DNA hydrogel (blue) (pseudocolored).
MCF-7 cell captured as a consequence of an aptamer-trigger-clamped hybridization chain reaction (atcHCR). The 3D environment of the DNA networks minimizes cell damage, and the cells can subsequently be released for live-cell analysis.
See Ye et al.
Image: Dekai Ye and Tingting Zhai. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_6.txt,ave_2,15_6.txt,train
Structure,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_4.png,A,"On the cover: Acid-switched antibodies with fully natural human domains can be developed
using light-chain shuffling and phage display technology. In Tulika et al., monoclonal antibodies with such pH-dependent antigen-binding properties were discovered
against snake venom toxins, which they bind at a neutral pH and release at a low pH.
Image credits: Esperanza Rivera de Torre, Monica Lisa Ines Fernandez Quintero, and
Andreas Hougaard Laustsen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"On the cover: Arthropod venoms are extremely complex and often contain hundreds or
even thousands of peptide neurotoxins. Unfortunately, the evolutionary origins of
most of these peptides remain masked by their extreme sequence variation. By comparing
the three-dimensional structure of selected spider and centipede toxins, Undheim et
al. (pp. 1283–1292) discover a family of venom peptides that has been derived from
a ubiquitous arthropod hormone. While the venom of many spiders, such as the Giant
Golden Orb Weaver (Nephila pilipes) pictured on the cover, contain peptides that closely resemble the ancestral hormone,
a select group of spiders and centipedes have weaponized the hormone to create extremely
stable neurotoxins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/23_6.txt,sbert,23_6.txt,"On the Cover: Human antibodies coded by the VH3 gene and specific for V3 crown of
the HIV-1 gp120 have an antigen-binding site shaped as a soup ladle. While the handle
of the ladle forms main chain interactions allowing broad reactivity, the bowl may
impose specificity through water-mediated interactions with the V3 apex. Cover image
prepared by Jared Sampson. (See Burke et al., pp. 1538–1546.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/17_2.txt,allv2,17_2.txt,"On the cover: The human antibody 1H10 when bound to immature dengue virus can enhance
virus attachment to membranes at low pH, thereby helping to overcome the first step
of the fusion process between the immature virus and the endosomal membrane. The cover
image shows cryoEM maps of immature dengue virus:Fab 1H10 complex at neutral and low
pH conditions. Fabs of low pH complexes are colored in dark green and neutral pH are
colored in light green, respectively; the liposome is depicted as a gray sphere. See
Wirawan et al., pp. 253.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_11.txt,multiBv1,27_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_11.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Nimpf et al. establish in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in awake pigeons and use the approach to investigate color
processing in the avian visual cortex. Cover image shows a pattern of birds and eyes.
Courtesy gettyimages/Dusan Stankovic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Brain-wide imaging at high resolution to trace axonal arbors of single
neurons to their termini presents a huge challenge, as this typically requires 1 or
2 weeks of continuous imaging. In this issue, Chen et al. develop SMART, a platform
to rapidly image brain-wide neural projections at synaptic resolution by taking advantage
of the sparsity of signals. The cover image shows fluorescence of about three dozen
neurons in the primary visual cortex and their brain-wide projections collected using
the SMART system in about 10 hours. Cover image by Yuexin Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"On the cover: The organization of small biological structures is critical for the
function of the nervous system and other organs, but methods to visualize these features
in tissue are often low throughput. In this issue, Albrecht et al. present RAIN-STORM,
a rapid and scalable imaging optimization approach that improves three-dimensional
visualization of targets within tissue at depth at the nanoscale. The cover image
shows finely arranged astrocyte processes as revealed by RAIN-STORM imaging for glial
fibrillary acidic protein in the retina. Cover credit: Nicholas Albrecht and Viktor
Akhanov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_6.txt,sbert,2_6.txt,val
ACS ES&T Water,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_8.png,A,"This work provides a comprehensive overview of pollution in Chinese water environments and exposure risks of pollutants to wetland birds in aquatic ecosystems. Migratory birds can be important biovectors of persistent and bioaccumulative pollutants, which may be an essential geochemical cycling process in addition to atmospheric deposition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The autonomous boat is navigating and monitoring the heavy metal pollution in the lake. Its automation and compact design could relieve the interference on the wildlife from humans for the environmental security control, showing a harmonious scenario promoted by this technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_1.txt,sbert,2021_1.txt,"This captivating cover art symbolizes the complex interplay of factors driving eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The artwork illustrates the intricate relationship among environmental variables, sediment nutrient release, and microbial communities in West Lake, revealing the critical role of submerged plants and microbial diversity in shaping nutrient dynamics. This comprehensive study sheds light on the dynamics of internal nutrient loading, providing insights crucial for effective ecosystem management and water quality preservation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.txt,multiBv1,2024_11.txt,"Simulating cadmium (Cd) fate process in lake sediments: Our study reveals a substantial rise in Cd concentration at the surface sediment, impacting benthic organisms. Employing diverse risk assessment methods, we illuminate the ecological consequences of heavy metal fate during acute input events.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.png,C,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,artwork by Mariana Avila and Diana Mancera entitled “Reach for the Stars – inspiring Latin American women in STEM”.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.txt,groundtruth,2022_1.txt,"A prototype smartphone-based device for flow cytometry has been developed, and its operation is facilitated by the use of brightly photoluminescent supra-nanoparticle assemblies of colloidal quantum dots. Cells are immunolabeled with different colors of these assemblies to be classified and enumerated. Cover art by W. Russ Algar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.txt,ave_2,2022_6.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.png,D,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Lignin refined
Recalcitrant C–C bonds in lignin limit the monomer yield of current depolymerization strategies that target labile C–O bonds. Now, Emiel Hensen and colleagues present a process based on a bifunctional Pt/zeolite catalyst that selectively cleaves common C–C linkages in lignins, resulting in substantially increased fuel yields from common lignin sources.
See Luo et al. and Subbotina & Samec
Image: Hassan Tahini, ScienceBrush Design. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"Microbial fragrance production
Benzyl acetate, a compound with a jasmine-like scent used in various products, is traditionally made through inefficient plant extraction or chemical methods. Now, Choi, Lee and colleagues have developed a more sustainable method using a metabolically engineered bacterium to produce benzyl acetate, achieving significant production levels in a fermentation process. The cover shows a 300-liter pilot-scale fermentor at KAIST, Korea.
See Choi et al. and Sokolova & Haslinger
Image: Kyeong Rok Choi and Sang Yup Lee, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_4.png,D,"Memristors and CMOS integrate to multiply
By integrating a memristor crossbar array with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) control circuitry, a programmable neuromorphic computing chip can be created that is capable of efficient multiply–accumulate operations. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of the integrated chip, with the 54 × 108 crossbar array at the centre.
See Cai et al. and News & Views by James
Image: Seung Hwan Lee. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"A 3D twist on stretchable electronics
By stacking, and electrically connecting, layers of stretchable circuits, three-dimensional integrated devices can be built that are capable of wirelessly monitoring a person’s vital signs and creating human–machine interfaces. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a four-layer stretchable device that is equipped with Bluetooth data communication capabilities and can simultaneously sense electrophysiological signals, strain, temperature, acceleration, and orientation.
See Huang et al. and News & Views by Kim et al.
Image: Sheng Xu, University of California San Diego. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,"Implantable micro-LEDs take control
Implantable optoelectronic devices, which are based on microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) and are capable of wireless power harvesting, offer precise control over their optical output for use in complex optogenetic experiments. The cover shows a photograph of one of these flexible devices balanced on a finger.
See Gutruf et al. and News & Views by Sohal
Image: Philipp Gutruf, The University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"An optical neural interface in miniature
A miniaturized implantable optical device, which is thin enough to lie within the subdural space of a primate brain, can be created using an integrated circuit that provides both fluorescence imaging and optogenetic stimulation. The optical microscopy image on the cover shows a section of the integrated circuit, which is fabricated using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and highlights the photodiode pixels used for imaging in the neural interface.
See Pollmann et al.
Image: Eric Pollmann, Columbia University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_1.png,B,"Role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, inspired by the Review on p429.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_6.txt,multiBv1,20_6.txt,"Treating colorectal cancer with or without high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency, inspired by the Review on p839.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.txt,ave_2,22_1.txt,"Understanding chromosomal instability in cancer, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.txt,allv2,21_4.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_12.png,A,"Mitigation shortfalls in mining
Sustainable mining relies on vigorous and comprehensive mitigation strategies; however, two studies in this issue show that these measures are falling short. Among artisanal and often illegal mining operations in the Amazon, Fritz et al. demonstrate that while mercury retorts reduce losses, the amount of mercury and CO2 emissions into the environment remains substantial. Globally, Aska et al. draw attention to the number of mine tailing facilities contained within or near the boundaries of protected areas, posing a potential hazard for regional biodiversity.
See Fritz et al. and Aska et al.
Image: Mario Schmidt, Pforzheim University. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"Coal mining and biodiversity
Coal mining provides energy resources and employment but dramatically alters landscapes and, indirectly, climate. Giam et al. synthesize studies on how coal mining under existing United States regulations affects stream biodiversity, including after stream restoration.
See Giam et al. and Osenberg.
Image: www.mountainroadshow.com. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,ave_3,3_12.txt,"Iron and steel production emissions standards
Governments’ interventions to curb industrial emissions are rarely evaluated. Mi and colleagues have now developed hourly, facility-level emissions estimates to assess the effects of strengthened emissions standards on pollution from China’s iron and steel industry.
See Bo et al.
Image: Xin Bo, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_4.png,A,"In this issue...
September's cover feature asks whether paediatric patients are harder to reach than ever before
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_4.txt,groundtruth,37_4.txt,"In this issue...
We ask a simple question: where are all the specialists?
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_11.txt,allv2,33_11.txt,"In this issue...
October's cover feature discusses the perception of readiness for practice - is there a difference between perception and reality? If so how big is the gap, and how can it be bridged?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_3.txt,sbert,36_3.txt,"In this issue
February's edition takes a look at the mental health toll exacerbated by COVID-19
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_11.txt,multiBv1,34_11.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_378,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_378.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week, Serdiuk et al. show that the cholesterol analog cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) stabilizes basally active conformations of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in membranes at physiological temperature. The image depicts the β2AR interacting with CHS (green surfaces) in liposomes at 37℃.  Credit: Serdiuk et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_737.txt,allv2,15_737.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue on cell migration and chemotaxis. Content in this issue highlights how model organisms, modeling, cell biology, and biochemistry have uncovered the signaling molecules, networks, and regulatory mechanisms that control directional cell movement. The image shows Dictyostelium cells streaming toward a pipette containing the chemoattractant cAMP. [Image: Chun-Lin Chen, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_213.txt,sbert,5_213.txt,COVER This week features a Protocol that describes software used to explore how polarization in membrane lipids occurs in response to chemotactic stimuli. The image depicts the simulated PIP3 concentration when a cell is experiencing chemotactic stimuli from two point sources at opposing poles.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_378.txt,groundtruth,2007_378.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Protocol that describes how to apply mechanical stress to a cell and measure its effects on intracellular signaling pathways. The image shows a cell with an attached ferromagnetic bead mounted above an inverted microscope. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_34.txt,multiBv1,1_34.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_11.png,A,concomitantly formed back-surface electrical-field and reduced surface potential fluctuations reinforce the built-in electric-field and minimize the electron extraction barrier. This work represents a promising strategy to energy-level optimization at the heterojunction interface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The image presents a copper electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction sitting on an electron-conducting support and ion-conducting polymer in a gas-diffusion electrode, where gas-phase CO2 and water can react after binding to form C–C bond-containing compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_12.txt,sbert,2019_12.txt,"This short Perspective emphasizes some recent breakthroughs achieved in double-layer capacitors based on high-surface-area carbons and high-rate (pseudocapacitive) redox materials, such as oxides and emerging 2D MXene materials. In this context, the development of in situ analytical techniques to characterize the electrode/electrolyte interface by tracking local ion fluxes and electron transfer to understand fundamental electrochemical processes and structural effects (pores and  surface groups) down to the nanoscale level is expected to play a key role in developing next-generation electrochemical capacitors with high-energy and high-power performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,"Beyond the conventional ensemble-averaged studies, real-time single-molecule approaches have been demonstrated to be powerful in dissecting the complex, fluctuating, and often intermittent interfacial electron-transfer dynamics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2016_3.txt,allv2,2016_3.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_16.png,A,"The new 3D coordination polymer, as a result of the connection between the 2D extension of hexanuclear iron(II) motifs, which gives rise to a metamagnetic behavior, and the hysteresis loop with a high coercive field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"The “triangles” are really hexanuclear cyclic helicates with a distorted trigonal prism form, constituted by Zn chiral cyclic dimers with N donor ligands and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_2.txt,multiBv1,2015_2.txt,A magnetostructural study has been conducted on two new magnetic 1D coordination polymers with zigzag topology. The front view of the chains resembles an Andean condor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_18.txt,allv2,2024_18.txt,"A new ethylenediamine-derived ligand H4L1 was prepared and used to generate two isomeric copper(II) coordination polymer materials  1 and 2. Both networks possess identical coordination environments with the exception of the trans-(R,R)/(S,S) (1) or cis-(R,S) (2) conformations of the amine backbone. The hydrogen bonding modes favored by each conformer define either a close-packed network (1) or a porous architecture (2) (Cryst. Growth Des. 2015, 15, 3417–3425).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_6.txt,ave_2,2015_6.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_12.png,C,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,sbert,56_7.txt,"Red pineapple
Red pineapple (Ananas comosus var. bracteatus) was cultivated for fiber or fruit juice, and as a living hedge, and it is now a pantropical ornamental. The bracteatus plant is conspicuous for its bright pink-to-red fruit. The sequenced pineapple genomes partly validated ‘one-step operation’ for domestication of clonally propagated crops and revealed candidate genes for self-incompatibility. The photograph was taken 1 month after flowering.
See Chen et al.
Image: Ming-Li Wang. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/51_3.txt,allv2,51_3.txt,"Banana genome evolution
Genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel bananas reveal the origins, disease resistance and fruit-ripening mechanisms of the banana cultivars.
See Li et al.
Image: Aleksandr Zubkov/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_12.txt,groundtruth,56_12.txt,"Papaya genomes
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) originated and was domesticated in Central America. Transgenic papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) saved the Hawaiian papaya industry from collapse and is a widely publicized success story of genetically modified crops. Comparative genomic analysis of transgenic SunUp and non-transgenic progenitor Sunset revealed a single complex 1.64-Mb insertion that contains all three transgenic fragments, including the functional PRSV coat protein gene (cp) that confers resistance to the virus.
See Yue et al.
Image: Eric Mora Newcomer, Universidad de Costa Rica. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_8.txt,multiBv1,54_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.png,A,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,val
Cell Genomics,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_12.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Jin et al. present a series of articles based on sequencing data from non-invasive
prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnant women, focusing on multiple phenotypes and diseases.
The cover image represents these articles. On the left is the silhouette of a pregnant
woman; surrounding the fetus in her womb are the radial rings of Manhattan plots,
representing the main content of this series as genome-wide association studies based
on the pregnant woman's genome. The right side of the image contains a blood tube
with a DNA molecule leaping out of it, representing that the samples used in these
studies are from the cell-free DNA in the blood drawn from the pregnant woman's NIPT
examination. Artist credit: Huanhuan Zhu and Linxuan Li, authors from this series
of articles, jointly completed the conceptual design of this cover, with Linxuan Li
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_3.txt,multiBv1,4_3.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wu et al. present an innovative approach to non-invasively quantify extracellular RNA (exRNA)
extracted from the spent culture media of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. The cover art ingeniously captures the study's essence,
envisioning the temporal fluctuations of exRNA resembling majestic mountains while
depicting embryos as celestial stars. Crafted by Yuan Liu, this image encapsulates
the intricate interplay between exRNA dynamics and the developmental journey of embryos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Kester et al. monitor the evolution of a colon cancer organoid model over 100 generations.
They develop a single-cell genomics approach to integrate multiple lineage measurements
from individual cells and reconstruct parallel tumor evolution from the model. The
cover illustration represents clones emerging and competing within a colon cancer
organoid culture. Illustration by Buys de Barbanson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_11.txt,ave_3,2_11.txt,val
Molecular Cell,85_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_3.png,C,"On the cover: A flood of discoveries expanding not only the different classes of regulatory
RNAs but also revealing a variety of distinct regulatory roles has changed how we
think about these nucleic acids and their biological functions. From their ability
to base pair with other nucleic acids and serve as scaffolds for protein complexes
to their dynamic structure and catalytic activity, the properties of RNAs make them
ideal regulatory molecules. Our knowledge of the diversity of these RNA-based mechanisms
continues to grow, as does our understanding of the critical pathways and processes
they impact. This image depicts some of these RNAs—thermosensors, tRNAs, and riboswitches—showing
them emerging from the background as central regulatory elements, making an indelible
stamp on molecular biology. Cover art by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/43_1.txt,ave_3,43_1.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_1.txt,allv2,85_1.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_3.txt,groundtruth,85_3.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_4.txt,ave_2,85_4.txt,val
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.png,B,"NH3 is considered an important chemical for producing plastics, fertilizers, nitric acid, explosives, and intermediates for pharmaceuticals. In this study, a Cu-rich bimetallic nanocomposite CuPt, on a nanofibrillar network of peptide bolaamphiphile hydrogel, is reported as a high-performance NO3RR electrocatalyst for converting NO3– to NH3. We were interested in visually representing the process of producing NH3 from industrial NO3– waste. To do this, we used a sketch of an industry obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre (mother of pearl), the study shows that graphene–polyethylene nanocomposites confer excellent shock dissipation and spall strength, especially when there is grafting between the filler (graphene) and the matrix (polyethylene), ushering exploration of biomimetic nanocomposites for protection under extreme conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Phenol formaldehyde resin and vermicelli were mixed together to prepare a lightweight carbon foam with a hierarchical pore architecture for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The carbon foam in this instance absorbs harmful electromagnetic (EM) waves while also protecting the electronic equipment from EM waves over a broad frequency range. These EMI shielding materials can be used to benefit stealth technology.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,"Sulfate-free surface cellulose nanocrystals helped to fabricate highly stable, sensitive, and lightweight flexible thermal sensors for continuous monitoring of temperature profiles. Along with high stability, a sensitivity of 0.6%/℃ can be achieved with the CNC-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_15.png,D,"Poly(benzene-1,4-diyl)s bearing bulky and chiral side-chain groups without a stable helical conformation in solution undergo remarkable chirality amplification leading to a helix with significant anisotropy in the amorphous solid state through interchain interactions, which resulted in intense circular dichroism, efficient circularly polarized luminescence, and chiral recognition toward racemic compounds. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_12.txt,sbert,2022_12.txt,"Polymers containing chemically dissimilar crystallizable blocks show especially rich nanoscale structure, tunable through both macromolecular architecture and processing conditions.  Diblock copolymers of hydrogenated polynorbornene (hPN) and linear polyethylene (LPE), when melt-drawn into fibers, show a parallel arrangement of the crystal stems, but melting and recrystallization of the LPE block within the hPN framework generates a perpendicular arrangement.  The blocks constituting the “framework” and “confined” crystals can be interchanged simply by changing either the total molecular weight or the relative block lengths. See page 8835.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_3.txt,multiBv1,2011_3.txt,Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers with well-defined linear polymeric chains between branch points. See page 7067.     View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_7.txt,allv2,2011_7.txt,"Di-block ring polymers in strongly segregated lamellar phase, where one di-block ring (light yellow-green) in original conformation is embedded inside the mesh of other di-block rings (dark yellow-green) in the primitive-path conformations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_9.png,A,"The Frizzled family (FZD1-10) of transmembrane receptors belongs to the
class F of G protein-coupled receptors. FZDs bind to and are activated by Wingless/Int1
(WNT) proteins. The WNT/FZD signaling system regulates crucial aspects of developmental
biology and stem cell regulation. Dysregulation of WNT/FZD communication can lead
to
developmental defects and diseases such as cancer and fibrosis. In this issue, Schulte
et al. discuss the growing evidence that FZDs are not only druggable but also behave like
GPCRs with regard to ligand-induced dynamics and mechanisms of receptor-transducer
coupling, and the basis to target FZDs pharmacologically. The cover is a schematic
representation of the WNT/FZD signaling system. WNT (yellow), FZD (dark pink), the
LDL
receptor-related protein 5/6 (in cyan), Disheveled (in light blue), heterotrimeric
G proteins
(blue, light pink and light yellow). The small molecule (in pink) depicts the potential
to target
FZDs for therapeutic purposes particularly in cancer. Membrane lipids are shown in
white.
The cover was designed by Dr. Julien Bous with Blender 4.02.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,"The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been studied in great detail in central
nervous system (CNS) neurons, yet these important molecules have been relatively understudied
in glia. In recent years, exciting new roles for GPCRs in glial cell biology have
emerged. In this issue, Amit Mogha, Mitchell D’Rozario, and Kelly R. Monk discuss
GPCRs in a specialized subset of glia, myelinating glia. They highlight recent work
firmly establishing GPCRs as regulators of myelinating glial cell development and
myelin repair. These advancements expand understanding of myelinating glial cell biology
and underscore the utility of targeting GPCRs to promote myelin repair in human disease.
Image courtesy of iStockPhoto/selvanegra.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/37_2.txt,sbert,37_2.txt,"G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) share a common mechanism of signal transduction,
but greatly vary in ligand recognition and function. In this issue, Vsevolod Katritch,
Vadim Cherezov and Raymond Stevens review common structural features and outline the
scope of structural diversity of GPCRs at different levels of homology. Given the
current set of GPCR crystal structures, a distinct modularity is now being observed
between the extracellular (ligand-binding) and intracellular (signaling) regions.
The rapidly expanding repertoire of GPCR structures provides a solid framework for
experimental and molecular modeling studies, and helps to chart a roadmap for comprehensive
structural coverage of the whole superfamily and an understanding of GPCR biological
and therapeutic mechanisms.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/33_12.txt,allv2,33_12.txt,"Vsevolod V. Gurevich and Eugenia V. Gurevich discuss the biological
effects of free arrestins and the GPCR-arrestin complex, focusing on the regulation
of arrestin-mediated signaling, both receptor-dependent and -independent. They also
address the therapeutic tools needed to modulate the receptor-independent activity
of free arrestins. The cover image illustrates the structure of bovine arrestin-2
(PDB ID
1G4M, molecule A). In the scaled ball-and-stick model, the polar core's positively
(dark
blue) and negatively (red) charged residues, hydrophobic residues forming the three-element
interaction (yellow), finger loop (magenta), middle loop (dark green), and inter-domain
hinge (red) are depicted. The unresolved C-terminus in the crystal structure
(blue) is shown not to scale. The binding sites for clathrin (light green) and clathrin
adaptor AP2 (purple) on both non-visual arrestins are illustrated on the proximal
and
distal C-terminus, respectively. Additionally, the caspase cleavage sites in arrestin-2
(Asp380, pink ball) and arrestin-3 (Asp366, light blue ball) are highlighted. This
image is
adapted from Figure 2 of Gurevich and Gurevich and was created using DS ViewerPro
6.0 (Dassault Systèmes, San Diego, CA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_6.txt,multiBv1,45_6.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_12.png,C,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,"Promoting neoantigen-specific stem-like T cells
Seder and colleagues demonstrate improved antitumor efficacy by delivering a nanoparticle cancer vaccine intravenously. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed a stem-like gene signature in neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
See Seder
IMAGE CREDIT: Medmovie and Microverse Studios. COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/22_12.txt,multiBv1,22_12.txt,"Second-generation M1-polarized CAR macrophages
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived macrophages (iMACs) are being used to engineer CAR macrophages for immunotherapy. Zhang and colleagues design second-generation macrophage-specific CARs by integrating CD3ζ and TIR domains, resulting in M1-polarized CAR-iMACs with increased antitumor functions.
See Zhang et al.
Image credit: Jin Zhang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"Cardioprotective macrophages
Macrophages promote both injury and repair following myocardial infarction, but discriminating functions within mixed populations remains challenging. Epelman and colleagues use fate mapping and single-cell transcriptomics to describe the dynamics of resident and recruited cardiac macrophages during ischemic injury.
See Dick et al.
Image: Sarah Dick. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/20_12.txt,sbert,20_12.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.png,A,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,sbert,2023_3.txt,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,"Looking plants in the eye: triplex metabolic labeling using monolignol reporters and three bioorthogonal reactions allows the identification of zones that are actively producing lignin in plant cell walls. Allied to super-resolution fluorescence bioimaging techniques like Airyscan microscopy, this method allows the study of individual wall layers and substructures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,val
Cell Chemical Biology,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_10.png,A,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts a story of a justice messenger fighting evil
inside the human body. Tumors, acting as cunning and treacherous evils, afflict our
bodies, hijack nutritious resources, and expand massively. The appearance of the justice
messenger shatters the source of the demon’s energy and returns the physical order
to normal. In this issue, Zhu and colleagues (1616–1629) report that NAMPT-targeting
PROTAC compounds can inhibit tumor cell growth by blocking both intrinsic NAD+-biosynthesis
and extrinsic pro-survival signals.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_2.txt,ave_2,29_2.txt,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation
marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated
the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient
degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy
of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation
cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary
complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates
the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex
formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,ave_3,30_6.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_7.png,B,"Vulnerable mountain infrastructure
Climate change is exacerbating geohazards in High Mountain Asia that pose a growing risk to hydropower and water infrastructure across the region. Improved monitoring and forecasting of cascading hazards and sustainable sediment management solutions are needed to inform climate change-resilient hydropower. The image shows an expanding moraine-dammed glacial lake in the Himalaya.
See Li et al.
Image: Ting Zhang. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/15_6.txt,ave_2,15_6.txt,"Tibetan Plateau lake expansion
Model projections suggest that, even under a low emissions scenario, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau will increase in area by about 50% by 2100, with widespread impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems. The photo shows the Dawa Co (left) and Qiduo Co (right) lakes, the land between which is gradually disappearing due to rising lake levels.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shi Cai. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_7.txt,groundtruth,17_7.txt,"Many lakes in China are subject to eutrophication. Water quality analyses on 862 Chinese lakes reveal that better sanitation has reduced phosphorus inputs in the most populated areas, but aquaculture and livestock offset improvements elsewhere. The image shows traditional houses in the Jiangnan region, China.
Article p507; News & Views p469
IMAGE: SHIAN YUAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_6.txt,ave_3,10_6.txt,"Lakes fed by hidden glacier melt
According to analysis of satellite observations and bathymetric measurements, the estimated glacier mass loss across the Himalaya over the past 20 years increases by 7% when subaqueous melting from lake-terminating glaciers is accounted for. The image shows a glacial lake below Shishapangma — the 14th-highest mountain in the world — in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
See Bolch et al.
Image: Guoqing Zhang. Cover Design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/16_9.txt,allv2,16_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_10.png,A,"‘Light and cognition’, inspired by the Review on p159.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,"‘Expanding consciousness’ inspired by the Review on p611.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_2.txt,multiBv1,21_2.txt,"‘Current of consciousness’, inspired by the Review on p439.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_6.txt,allv2,23_6.txt,"‘A mental vista’, inspired by the Perspective on p309.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_8.txt,sbert,22_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_44,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_44.png,C,"The diffusion dynamics of interfacial water interacting with the surface of lipid vesicles dispersed in bulk water is quantified by employing a new Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization approach. The electron spin-based probes (green dots) only ""illuminate"" the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance signal of water molecules within a 5-10Å distance. See Han and co-workers, p. 18254.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2009_1.txt,multiBv1,2009_1.txt,A detailed experimental description of the structurally and dynamically perturbed water near the surface of the protein GFP (green fluorescent protein) reveals fundamental differences in the dynamics of hydration water relative to neat water. These differences highlight the important and systematic effects of experimental probe length on the observed magnitude of the perturbation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_49.txt,allv2,2017_49.txt,"While molecular marodipoles on average do not vary much with time (red line on the graph), they show huge picosecond fluctuations due to solvent dynamics (white line on the graph).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_44.txt,groundtruth,2024_44.txt,"The habits of hippuric acid needles are dynamic during growth. The crystals simultaneously twist and untwist at different places during their extension. These competing gyrations are fully revealed in the variation of the linear birefringence, evidenced in the vivid display of Newton's colors. See Kahr and co-workers, p 9341.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_25.txt,ave_2,2010_25.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_2.png,C,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,sbert,1_6.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_2.png,B,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"On the cover. The key elements in our approach, which employs a generative model to sample novel chemical structures. Commencing from a set of structurally similar molecules, shown in the top row, a model is constructed which describes the structural variations (left). New samples are then drawn from this model and a projection step is applied (right). These samples are shown in the bottom row and represent novel chemical structures that, with high probability, have similar structural properties to those in the original set. The molecules used to construct the model are taken from the EGFR dataset in the Directory of Useful Decoys. See D. White and R. C. Wilson, p 1257.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2010_6.txt,ave_3,2010_6.txt,"Liang et al. employ machine learning techniques to establish a connection between microscopic morphology and macroscopic properties. The cover image showcases a set of AI goggles symbolizing the predictive model, capable of analyzing morphology and providing property predictions. The backdrop consisting of SEM images and a neural network emphasizes the model's foundation on neural network architecture and extensive data training. The image credits go to Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, et al.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_12.png,C,"'Sounding the alarm', inspired by the review article on page 256.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/19_9.txt,sbert,19_9.txt,"Bacterial bubbles, inspired by the Review on p415.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_6.txt,multiBv1,21_6.txt,"Disinfection, inspired by the Review on p4.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_12.txt,groundtruth,22_12.txt,"Resistance, inspired by the Review on p347.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_7.txt,allv2,21_7.txt,test
NATURE METHODS,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_4.png,A,"Enhancing lamella preparation for cryo-ET with serial lift-out
Artistic representation of the sectioning step in a focused ion beam-based sample preparation technique, Serial Lift-Out. A block of vitreously frozen biological material (here, a C. elegans L1 larva embedded in buffer) is attached to a micromanipulator needle and transferred to a rectangular-mesh copper electron microscopy grid to be serially sectioned.
See Article
Image: Jürgen M. Plitzko. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is our choice for Method of the Year 2015 for its newfound ability to solve protein structures at near-atomic resolution. Featured is the 2.2-å cryo-EM structure of β-galactosidase as recently reported by Bartesaghi et al. ( Science  348, 1147–1151, 2015). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/13_12.txt,multiBv1,13_12.txt,"Cryo-ExM preserves cellular ultrastructure
A human cell in mitosis observed using cryo-expansion microscopy (Cryo-ExM). The DNA is stained pink and the rest of the cell with an NHS ester that marks the proteome and highlights the mitochondria in black at each pole of the mitotic spindle.
See Laporte et al.
Image: Marine Laporte (University of Geneva). Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Non-uniform refinement of cryo-EM structures
A reconstruction algorithm called non-uniform refinement accounts for spatial variability in the rigidity and disorder of membrane proteins, yielding improved 3D structures determined from cryo-EM data, as shown here for NaV1.7, a voltage-gated sodium channel.
See Punjani et al.
Image: Ali Punjani, Haowei Zhang and David J. Fleet. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/17_1.txt,sbert,17_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_4.png,A,"Human brain organoids can partly mimic the structure and function of the human brain and are being explored for the investigation of human brain development, biology and disease. With their increasing complexity and applications, ethical questions have arisen focused on how to classify, use and regulate these tissues. See Nathan A. Shlobin et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,ave_3,2_5.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_11.png,C,"Peptides based on sequences of glycine receptors that interact with gephyrin have been developed that have enhanced affinity and specificity toward blocking gephyrin interactions with these postsynaptic inhibitory receptors. These super-binding peptides are useful for isolating and localizing native gephyrin and for modulating glycinergic synaptic transmission (depicted as stars in a synaptic space of a glass-like neurotransmitter-releasing neuron and a postsynaptic target cell). Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Henning Dalhoff. Article, p153",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_11.txt,ave_3,13_11.txt,"Membrane curvature induces sorting of G-protein-coupled receptors within membrane protrusions, potentially as a result of a thermodynamic drive to match receptor shape and elasticity to membrane structure. The image shows fluorescently labeled neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors concentrating at filopodia of surface-adhered neuron-like PC12 cells. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image generated by Kadla Rosholm. Article, p724",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_6.txt,allv2,13_6.txt,"Peaks and valleys of GPCR signaling
The spatial organization of GPCRs is closely associated with their signaling responses and cellular function. Kockelkoren et al. reveal that the spatial organization is energetic coupling of receptors to the curvature of the plasma membrane. The image depicts the landscape of GPCR distribution at the plasma membrane of living cells.
See Kockelkoren et al.
Image credit: Gabriele Kockelkoren and Jens Carstensen, University of Copenhagen. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Bioactive lipids branch out
Structures of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in five main classes have advanced our knowledge about the mode of action of these receptors in normal and disease contexts and will continue to support the design of drugs to target them. This issue features structures of three members of the prostanoid receptor subfamily of GPCRs, EP3, EP4, and TP, shown here as structural models on a phylogenetic tree based on GPCR sequence. Also highlighted in the tree are those GPCRs (circled) represented by at least one solved structure.
See Audet et al.
Image: Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya and Raymond Stevens, inspired by a figure in Katritch et al. (Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2012; 33, 17-27). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/15_12.txt,sbert,15_12.txt,val
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_2.png,A,"This figure shows an amorphous solid dispersion of indometacin (glowing blue) within a matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The perspective highlights the drug’s chemical environment, with the polymer structure intricately rendered, offering insight into the interactions within the dispersion. No molecules were removed from this real-world simulation data. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The cover art demonstrates the key finding from a study titled “Stabilizing Mechanisms of β-Lactoglobulin in Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Indomethacin”. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions of indomethacin are substantially stable even at 50–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_2.txt,sbert,2022_2.txt,"Fluorescence microscopy reveals core/shell microparticle structures formed using a three-fluid nozzle spray-drying process. Alginate-based microparticles exhibit distinct layers of green (FITC) fluorescence in the core and red (rhodamine B) fluorescence in the shell, highlighting effective encapsulation of Polymyxin B and controlled release properties in antimicrobial drug delivery.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_3.txt,multiBv1,2025_3.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,allv2,2020_6.txt,test
Nature Reviews Materials,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_12.png,D,"Polarons — quasiparticles arising from the interaction of electrons with lattice vibrations — manifest themselves in many different ways and have a profound impact on materials properties and functionalities. Polarons have been the testing ground for the development of numerous theories, and their manifestations have been studied by many different experimental probes. See Franchini et al.
Image: Michele Reticcioli. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_6.txt,allv2,6_6.txt,"Oxide superlattices reveal emergent phenomena if the balance between competing degrees of freedom is altered. In this Review, synthetic approaches to tap the properties of competing ground states are described, focusing on an example yielding a room-temperature multiferroic and another example producing polarization skyrmions. See Ramesh & Schlom
Image: Megan Holtz & Emily Falco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_9.txt,ave_2,4_9.txt,"Ultrafast spectroscopies, and in particular three emerging techniques – attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, solid-state high-harmonic generation spectroscopy and extreme ultraviolet-second harmonic generation spectroscopy – enable the characterization of quantum materials and of their functional properties. The cover shows an artistic rendering illustrating coupled degrees of freedom in a quantum material probed by ultrafast light. See Alfred Zong et al. [Note: the cover line has been updated to read ""attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.""]
Image: Ella Marushenko. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_9.txt,ave_3,8_9.txt,"Broken symmetries at the nanoscale can greatly modify the emergent nanophotonic responses enabled by phonon polaritons, and lowering the degree of symmetry in natural and artificial materials gives rise to a wide spectrum of low-loss, directional, confined light–matter quasiparticles. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of extreme light confinement in low-symmetry crystals. See Galiffi E. et al.
Cover image: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,val
Lab Animal,53_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_10.png,A,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,groundtruth,53_10.txt,"Working better together
In the clinic, an effective teamwork can positively affect patient safety and outcome. Similarly, fostering collaboration in animal research may advance animal welfare and enhance research quality. In a new comment this month, Ober, Ho et al. provide key recommendations to promote collaboration between clinician-scientists and veterinary specialists in translational sciences, based on the group’s own experience when relocating to a new academic institution.
See Ober et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_8.txt,ave_2,51_8.txt,"Bringing MRI datasets together
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help bridge neuroscience research in nonhuman primates with the humans they are intended to model. But, studies with such animals tend to involve small numbers of subjects, and the task of adapting human equipment and tools to nonhuman primates means labs are often coming up with their own solutions to collecting and analyzing MRI data. Data sharing may help researchers make the most of those animals. With discussions about standards and tool building ongoing, a growing number of labs in the nonhuman primate research community are working to bring their MRI datasets together.
See Neff
Image: Katja Heuer & Roberto Toro. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_7.txt,allv2,49_7.txt,"Small program, same responsibilities
Administration of an animal research program must go on—regardless of how large or small the staff supporting that program may be. Large institutions will often have dedicated research offices to provide administrative support, as well as enough staff for each and every animal- and administrative-related task that needs tending. Smaller programs don’t always have the same luxury of manpower and time, but they must provide the same level of animal care and program support all the same. A Comment this month shares experiences from administering a small animal research program and tips for others facing similar challenges.
See Keator et al.
IMAGE: filbyfilms / Moment / Getty. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_2.txt,sbert,49_2.txt,train
Immunity,57_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_1.png,C,"On the cover: Neutrophils are powerfully destructive cells that, when drawn into sites
of sterile inflammation, aggressively destroy normal structures. Neutrophil recruitment
into tissue, therefore, is a very tightly regulated process. Although there are many
chemoattractants for neutrophils, how these different mediators regulate the entry
of neutrophils into tissue is not understood. Chou et al. (pages 266–278) use a murine
model of autoantibody-induced arthritis to uncover an integrated model describing
the complex regulation of neutrophil trafficking in vivo. The cover depicts (by different
colors) a cascade of mediators that include the lipid, leukotriene B4, the cytokine, interleukin-1, and chemokines, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL3, and CCL5,
that sequentially collaborate to control the entry of neutrophils into the joint and
induce inflammatory erosive arthritis. Cover art by Steven Moskowitz. Preview by McDonald
and Kubes (pages 148–149).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/33_5.txt,allv2,33_5.txt,"On the cover: Scanning electron micrographs of Langerhans cells, tissue dendritic
cells, and macrophages from human skin. A specialized lineage of cross-presenting
dendritic cells is well characterized in the mouse, but the identity of its human
tissue counterpart has remained elusive. Haniffa et al. (pages 60–73) describe a human
tissue dendritic cell population with cross-presenting function. Inclusion of this
cell in a cross-species comparison aligns the classification of human and mouse dendritic
cell networks and presents a new potential target for therapeutic intervention. Scanning
electron microscopy images by Dr. Benoit Malleret.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/37_6.txt,ave_2,37_6.txt,"On the cover: MacDonald et al. investigate the role of synovial tissue (ST) myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in health,
active, and remission stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identifying functional
features of distinct ST-DCs that provide insight into the roles of these cells in
immune tolerance and disease. The discovery process is illustrated as a team of archaeologists
uncovering the intricate patterns of a mosaic floor in an ancient Roman house (domus
romana). Diverse DC and T cell populations are depicted as colorful tiles forming
patterns in the ST (mosaic floor) atop the bloodstream (central heating system, hypocaustum)
from which DCs infiltrate the ST, determining the three conditions: health, disease,
and remission. Illustration by Art&Science: Dorotea Fracchiolla.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_1.txt,groundtruth,57_1.txt,"On the cover: Scanning-electron microscopy image showing a dendritic cell (DC) migrating
on collagen in cultured human skin. The centrality of DCs in the link between the
innate and the adaptive arm of the immune system highlights their potential importance
in a myriad of diseases ranging from infection to autoimmunity and cancer. In this
issue of Immunity, we review the current understanding of DCs in vivo, including their mechanism of
migration (Alvarez et al., pages 325–342), the response to pathogens by conventional
DCs (López-Bravo and Ardavín, pages 343–351), the controversy surrounding the in vivo
role of plasmacytoid DCs (Villadangos and Young, pages 352–361), the ability of DCs
to suppress immune responses via the induction of Treg cells (Belkaid and Oldenhove,
pages 362–371), and how DCs are affected by the tumor microenvironment (Melief, pages
372–383). Steinman (pages 319–324) synthesizes the current knowledge and draws attention
to the steps toward effective DC-based therapies. Image by Kristian Pfaller, Nikolaus
Romani, and Patrizia Stoitzner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_8.png,A,"Regulating NK cell effector function
Li et al. identify the transcription factor MEF2C as essential for human natural killer (NK) cell function and viral immunity in mice and humans. This control is exerted by regulation of lipid metabolism, and deficiency in MEF2C can be overcome by supplementation with oleic acid.
See Li et al.
Image credit: Adalia Zhou, UCLA. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,"Formation of memory precursor NK cells
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as memory formation. O’Sullivan and colleagues show that the transcription factor Fli1 has important roles in controlling the establishment of NK cell memory.
See O’Sullivan
Image Credit: Helena Pinheiro. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/23_9.txt,allv2,23_9.txt,NF-κB is the key transcription factor that orchestrates inflammatory responses and contributes to the development of the immune system. This month's focus features a series of specially commissioned review articles to mark the 25th anniversary of the discovery of NF-κB. http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/NF-kB/index.html Artwork by Lewis Long.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/12_5.txt,ave_3,12_5.txt,"NK cell-intrinsic sex differences
Cheng et al. show that an extra copy of the X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX in female mice increases natural killer (NK) cell effector function. As NK cells are crucial for antiviral immunity, this may explain decreased severity of viral infections in female versus male mammals.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Helena Pinheiro. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.txt,multiBv1,24_8.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.png,A,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"Mapping landscapes, inspired by the Review on p171
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_6.png,B,"The cover art depicts photoresponsive algosome nanoformulation encapsulating antibiotics for targeting cancer and bacterial infections simultaneously to overcome bacteria-induced chemoresistance in tumors. The developed nanoformulation loaded with antibiotics induces oxidative stress in response to NIR light, thus aiding in anticancer therapy, and also shows antibacterial effect against S. aureus and E. coli",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. The supramolecular system with iodine (Cdots-HPβCD/I2) exhibits iodine release and antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria. Low cytotoxicity and effective interactions with human cells were demonstrated. The bioinspired Cdots-HPβCD, combining good optical properties and nanocarrier capability, is a promising candidate for multimodal therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"A mustard-gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, is converted through a photocatalytic process (under blue LED irradiation) into 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide by the action of a series of porphyrin-based nano-MOFs. The process is triggered by the formation of 1O2 by the porphyrin organic linker, and it is highly selective toward the nontoxic product, ultimately avoiding the formation of the highly toxic 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfone.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_12.txt,sbert,2019_12.txt,"The ternary Pt-CIS/CdS HNCs constructed based on CuInS2 nanodisks exhibited high photocatalytic activity and stability for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation, resulting from an effective defect-trap-mediated electron transfer pathway that balances the contributions of the semiconducting heterojunction with the direct Z-scheme of the charge separation and the cocatalyst.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2022_7.txt,multiBv1,2022_7.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.png,A,Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Inspired by the radical scavenging functionalities of lignin in plants and trees, we have molecularly designed a unique family of well-defined side-chain phenolic (block) copolymers derived from an enzymatically acrylated lignin monomer (dihydroconfineryl alcohol) that intrinsically displays antioxidant and antistatic properties and without the need to incorporate any additives.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"High molecular weight polyproline is shown to be a potent ice recrystallization inhibitor and can bind to specific faces of ice. This demonstrates that a simple polymer derived from bio-sourced starting materials can be used to mitigate ice growth, as an alternative to vinyl-based polymers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"The storage of cells at low temperature is an essential tool in modern medicine and biotechnology, and understanding how extremophiles have adapted to survive in ice-rich sub-zero climates is an enduring research topic. Ice binding materials can not only be discovered from Nature, but also through application of macromolecular (polymer/colloid) sciences, offering the possibility of (bio)synthetically scalable macromolecular cryoprotectants being widely applied and facilitating new fundamental understanding. The contributions in this special issue on “Natural and Synthetic Macromolecules that Interact with Ice” highlight the state-of-the-art in this trans-disciplinary research field spanning new polymer materials for cryopreservation and the study of ice-binding proteins as well as analytical methods for probing and experimental and computational studies to understand interactions between materials and ice.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_11.txt,multiBv1,2022_11.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_2.png,D,"Pupillometry as a readout of locus coeruleus activation
Merged image of a human iris (white) and noradrenergic neurons (yellow) of the locus coeruleus from a DBH-iCre mouse. Visualization of the noradrenergic neurons is a consequence of triple-labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (green), virally encoded floxed mCherry (red, delivered via an AAV-5 stereotactic injection) and a neuronal marker (Nissl bodies, blue).
See Privitera et al.
Image: Microscopy image taken by Amalia Floriou-Servou, photograph of the iris by Edouard Janssens, image merging by Sarah Steinbacher. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_5.txt,sbert,15_5.txt,"A running cheetah with DeepLabCut
Image of a cheetah ‘in the wild’ with markerless tracking of user-defined parts made with DeepLabCut, an open-source toolbox for deep-learning-based animal-pose estimation provided by Nath et al.
See Nath et al.
Image credit: Mackenzie Mathis. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_6.txt,allv2,14_6.txt,"Imaging whole-brain activity with ultrasound
Functional ultrasound imaging (fUS), a hemodynamic-based method, provides a readout of whole-brain activity in awake mice at high spatiotemporal resolution. The image displays a transverse view of the mouse brain microvasculature, captured with fUS. The fUS volume was registered in the Allen Common Coordinate Framework (outlines) using open-source software facilitating the analysis of ~250 brain regions across subjects.
SeeBrunner et al.
Image: Micheline Grillet, Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Leuven, Belgium. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_6.txt,ave_2,16_6.txt,"Mice in motion
Animal behavior is built from basic units of movement, analogous to syllables in human language. In mice, these ‘syllables’ have subsecond duration and include rears, turns, darts and more. Pose trajectories for several example syllables are shown here. To help with visualization, consecutive frames have been shifted horizontally before superimposing them. See Lin et al
Image: Caleb Weinreb, Harvard Medical School. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,test
Nature Astronomy,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_7.png,A,"The bated bang behind the burst
The brightest gamma-ray burst of all time, GRB 221009A, has a fairly modest supernova behind it, according to JWST observations. This finding demonstrates that the GRB and supernova mechanisms are decoupled, and suggests that other factors must be responsible for the extreme energetics involved.
See Blanchard et al.
Image: Aaron M. Geller, Northwestern, CIERA & IT Research Computing and Data Services. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,"Super-stars go supernova
At the end of their lives, so-called super-asymptotic giant branch stars of main sequence mass 8–10 solar masses are expected to explode via an electron-capture mechanism. Here Hiramatsu et al. identify a supernova that exhibits all six of their hallmarks of electron-capture supernovae.
See Hiramatsu et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Joseph DePasquale (STScI) and Las Cumbres Observatory. Cover Design:Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_4.txt,sbert,5_4.txt,"Neutrinos from a blazar flare
Blazars, powered by an accreting supermassive black hole, launch collimated relativistic outflows (pictured) that are among the brightest persistent radiation sources in the Universe. The recent IceCube detection of a very-high-energy neutrino from the blazar TXS0506 + 056 in coincidence with a multi-wavelength flare implies that blazars can accelerate cosmic rays beyond petaelectronvolt energies, challenging conventional theoretical models.
See Gao et al. and News & Views by Pian
Image: DESY, Science Communication Lab. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_12.txt,multiBv1,3_12.txt,test
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_7.png,A,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"The cover art for this Forum Issue, “Discrete Coordination Cages and Metal Clusters”, depicts the utility of molecular engineering to create materials with diverse applications in fields such as catalysis, molecular recognition, and gas separation. It also highlights how chemists and chemical engineers from different disciplines (represented by the diverse cast of characters building the complex) can take a ground-up approach to designing assemblies with enhanced activity and selectivity in chemical transformations. For instance, the blueprint in the architect's hand depicts the vanadium oxide cluster, [V6O13(TRIOLNO2)2]2–, which is featured in a paper by Fertig et al. in this issue and used to analyze the thermodynamics of proton-coupled electron transfer at the surface of polyoxometalates. The background of the graphic features larger, more complex assemblies representative of supramolecular architectures that combine properties from their atomically precise components to develop optimized systems. Cover art by Michael Osadciw, University of Rochester.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2023_47.txt,ave_2,2023_47.txt,"This cover shows the first crystal structure of a cation-assembled supramolecular dimer in the crown-phthalocyanine family. The idea of such a supramolecular assembly was inspired by the ability of crown ethers to bind alkali metal ions with high affinity through noncovalent interactions, which are ubiquitous in nature. In this dimeric molecule, two aluminum crown-phthalocyaninate nicotinate molecules are connected through an Al–O–Al bridge supported by four rubidium cations sandwiched between the crown ether moieties. See L. A. Lapkina, V. E. Larchenko, G. A. Kirakosyan, A. Yu. Tsivadze, S. I. Troyanov, and Yu. G. Gorbunova. Design of the cover: A. Yagodin and A. Martynov.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2018_24.txt,ave_3,2018_24.txt,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_10.png,D,"Lightening the genetic load
Parasitism has evolved independently in plants many times. Plants of the genus Balanophora are obligate parasites of roots and show a consistent pattern of gene loss and genome modification similar to that of other unrelated holoparasites.
See Chen et al.
Image: Ze Wei, Plant Photo Bank of China. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_3.txt,multiBv1,9_3.txt,"Maintaining the sexual divide in kiwi
Kiwifruits are dioecious plants, having separate male and female individuals. Sequencing the genome of three kiwi species demonstrates the evolution of a neo-Y chromosome through translocation of two sex-determining genes.
See Akagi et al.
Image: Erika Varkonyi-Gasic. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_10.txt,allv2,9_10.txt,"The nature of nodules
The symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants such as Mimosa pudica arose more than 90 million years ago. By comparing transcriptomes from several such plant species, the ancestral state can be established and the developments leading to its current diversity followed.
See Libourel et al.
Image: Anne-Claire Cazalé, Laboratoire des interactions Plantes Microorganismes. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_6.txt,sbert,9_6.txt,"Spreading the load
Centromeres affect epigenomic architecture and meiotic recombination. The Brazillian plant Rhynchospora breviuscula has holocentric chromosomes with multiple kinetochores along their length, rather than a single centromere. Here, chromosome synapsis dynamics is key to the broad-scale pattern of crossovers. The image shows anthers, pollen and meiocyte of R. breviuscula.
See Castellan et al.
Image: Ulla Neumann, Marco Castellani, Thiago do Nascimento and Rob Kesseler. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_10.txt,groundtruth,10_10.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_382,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_382.png,B,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, in conjunction with Science's Special Issue on Cell Signaling, features an Editorial Guide, three Perspectives, and a Research Article that highlight the network properties of signaling pathways. The image is an artist's rendition of signaling networks rendered as electronic digital circuits and was inspired by the Research Article by Abdi et al. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_42.txt,multiBv1,1_42.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on cAMP signaling in PC12 cells. The image shows PC12 cells developing neurites. [Image: Matthew J. Gerdin and Lee E. Eiden, NIH]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_382.txt,groundtruth,2007_382.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that sequential interactions between the serotonin 5-HT6 receptor and its binding partners are required to promote dendritic tree morphogenesis. The image shows 5-HT6R (cyan) and its interaction partner GPRIN1 (magenta) in neurites produced by NG108-15 neuroblastoma cells. [Image: Pujol et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_618.txt,sbert,13_618.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Review that discusses the nonspecific effects of inhibitors of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). The image shows the structure of PKA bound to the inhibitor Rp-cAMPS and is based on PDB structure 1NE4. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_22.txt,allv2,1_22.txt,val
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_8.png,B,"Polymer capsules with tunable compositions and properties have been engineered by the continuous assembly of polymers for specific cellular interactions. The capsules exhibit low fouling, high fouling, or specific targeting behavior depending on their composition. The tunable nature of the capsule facilitates the rational design of capsule systems for controllable bio-nanointeractions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2017_6.txt,allv2,2017_6.txt,"A super-hydrophilic zwitterionic material, EKP polypeptide, was employed to cloak yeast cells via genetic engineering. This polypeptide serves to shield yeast cells from interactions with yeast-specific antibodies and macrophage cells. This approach endows these cloaked yeast cells with the potential to circumvent the immune system.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Antimicrobial peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AMP-AuNPs) are emerging as promising tools in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria. AMP-AuNPs lyse bacterial membranes causing cell death. The cover image illustrates this general membrane lytic mechanism of action of AMP-AuNPs. Protegrin-3 (from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 1PFP)) has been chosen as a model antimicrobial peptide to illustrate the general structure of AMP-AuNP conjugates and their effect on bacterial cell membranes. Credit is given to Shutterstock, Inc. for the image of the non-damaged bacteria.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2017_2.txt,multiBv1,2017_2.txt,"Tunnel vision, objectively speaking: A smartphone image of magnetic beads (taken through the eyepiece of a microscope) labeled with a HaloTag–protein kinase A fusion protein, depicted in the cartoon below. Ribbon diagrams of the HaloTag protein (RCSPDBID 6U32, green) and protein kinase A protein (RCSPDBID 4xw4, yellow) were created in PyMol.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_12.txt,sbert,2023_12.txt,val
Science Robotics,9_91,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_91.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Electronic Skin and Computing Hardware for Robotics. In order for robots to be deployed effectively, they must be able to interact with their environment. Yu et al. have developed a printable electronic skin to endow robots with tactile and chemical sensing capabilities to detect physical objects and hazardous materials. The electronic skin can also be affixed to an operator’s arm to detect electromyography signals and to control the movement of a robot. This month’s cover is a photograph of the electronic skin placed on an operator’s arm and also incorporated in the fingers of a robot.  Credit: Wei Gao/CalTech",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_67.txt,multiBv1,7_67.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Biomechanics and Exoskeleton Suits. The metabolic rate during walking can be minimized by providing assistance at the waist of individuals undergoing physical therapy. By focusing on the center of mass of an individual, the waist, Antonellis et al. develop a robotic tether system that can apply assistive forward forces with optimized magnitude and timing. The researchers show that providing assistance early in the step cycle can reduce the metabolic rate by almost half in healthy adults. This month’s cover is a photograph of an individual with the robotic tether attached to their waist while walking on a treadmill.  Credit: Ryan Soderlin/University of Nebraska at Omaha",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_64.txt,allv2,7_64.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robust robots. The ability of robots to endure severe damage, as well as offer the possibility for repair, can enable their deployment in challenging settings. Kim et al. have developed aerial robots that can endure several punctures while sustaining controlled flight. The dielectric elastomer actuators on the robots were also designed to be repairable by using laser ablation to isolate the defects and recover their performance. This month’s cover is a photograph of the aerial robot showing one dielectric elastomer actuator pierced with fiberglass needles. Credit: Yi-Husan Hsiao and Sampson Wilcox",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_76.txt,sbert,8_76.txt,"ONLINE COVER Wearable Shoulder-Assistive Robot. Industrial roles involving repetitive overhead tasks cause shoulder injuries, but existing passive assistive devices are often not adaptive to various user motions. Zhou et al. have now developed a portable soft robot integrated onto a wearable garment to assist the shoulder in industrial work. The robot could reduce muscle activity during various tasks in a laboratory setting. Moreover, in a proof-of-concept study in an automotive industrial setting, qualitative assessment showed its usefulness in static overhead tasks. This month’s cover is an image of a user wearing the assistive robot while holding an object overhead. Credit: Yu Meng Zhou",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_91.txt,groundtruth,9_91.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_7.png,D,"On the cover: As cells proliferate during development or in disease, their molecular
state, characterized for example by the expression levels of the master regulator
genes, changes continually over time. These complex dynamics are depicted in the figure
as a tree with thick sinewy branches. At each cell division, a branch splits into
two, reflecting the shared dynamical trajectory of the two daughter cells up to the
point of their parent's division. The full dynamics are not easily accessible using
current experimental techniques; however, high-throughput techniques allow us to obtain
an accurate snapshot at the final time-point (shown in the figure as the smFISH image
slicing through the end of the tree). In this issue, Hormoz et al. (pp. 419–433) present
a computational framework and an experimental platform for inferring what unfolds
on the full tree from the static snapshot and the lineage relationships of the cells.
Lineage tree of the cells is depicted as the shadow of the tree, where knowledge of
the molecular details of the dynamics is lost but the branching structure of the tree
is retained. Their approach is applied to uncover the dynamics of cell state transitions
in embryonic stem cells in culture.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"On the cover: Subpopulations of intratumoral immune cells in Prkar1a mutant tumors grown in immunocompetent mice, as determined by single-cell RNA sequencing
and visualized using potential of heat-diffusion for affinity-based trajectory embedding
(PHATE). In this issue of Cell Systems, Sidi Chen and colleagues (136–151) use genome-scale in vivo CRISPR screens to identify Prkar1a as a tumor-intrinsic modulator of immune responses against cancer, further characterizing
how Prkar1a loss in tumor cells influences the composition and transcriptome of tumor-infiltrating
immune cells. Image credit: Ryan Chow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_5.txt,multiBv1,8_5.txt,"On the cover: What if each cell contained its own “experimentalist,” determining whether
to turn on GFP expression depending on the particular signaling dynamics it encountered?
In this issue of Cell Systems, Pavithran Ravindran, Jared Toettcher, and colleagues develop and validate synthetic
gene circuits, based on an incoherent feed-forward loop architecture, that selectively
respond to pulses of signaling activity. This opens the door for uncovering both the
underpinnings and implications of signaling dynamics. Image created by Oliver Hoeller
(www.oliverhoeller.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_11.txt,ave_3,13_11.txt,"On the cover: Illustration showing simulations of tumor growth arranged as the two
strands of a DNA helix, shattered by the emblematic double strand break induced by
PARP inhibitors. The simulations (strands) compare two adaptive strategies: as the
tumor responds and regrows under treatment (blue lines), doses are either modulated
or skipped (shading and bars, with some artistic liberties). In this issue of Cell Systems, Strobl et al. integrate real-time microscopy and mathematical modeling to investigate whether adaptive
therapy, which dynamically tailors treatment to the tumor dynamics, could help to
reduce cumulative PARP inhibitor use to reduce toxicity. Image credit: Kit Gallagher
and the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_7.txt,groundtruth,15_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.png,D,"Chitosan-grafted pomegranate extract hydrogel, as a cost-effective and bio-based approach, effectively absorbs moisture and provides antibacterial and antioxidant properties, demonstrating a promising alternative as a food packaging material.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_9.txt,sbert,2024_9.txt,"Absorption and photorelease of specific organic substances from aqueous environments using tailored Q-silsesquioxane-azobenzene hybrid sponges. The image was generated through Adobe Photoshop (v 25.12) Generative AI, and the molecular structures were manually created using Avagadro (v 1.2.0).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"gel chemistry from silylated polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, dextrin, chitosan, and pectin, were successfully prepared for the first time under physiological conditions, with a tunable structure and mechanical properties for biological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"Fluorescent sugar-hydrogel, developed using the functionalization of chitosan and an anthracene derivative, which shows solvent-dependent aggregation-based exciplex emission in gel networks at a normal temperature. The background image was created using DALL·E, an AI-powered image generation tool by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_9.png,D,"Colloidal crystals composed of isotropic spheres are powerful model systems for the studies of crystallization, melting and solid-solid transitions at the single-particle level. Tunable, anisotropic or active particles provide greater opportunities to study crystal assembly and phase transitions.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"Ultrafast spectroscopies, and in particular three emerging techniques – attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, solid-state high-harmonic generation spectroscopy and extreme ultraviolet-second harmonic generation spectroscopy – enable the characterization of quantum materials and of their functional properties. The cover shows an artistic rendering illustrating coupled degrees of freedom in a quantum material probed by ultrafast light. See Alfred Zong et al. [Note: the cover line has been updated to read ""attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.""]
Image: Ella Marushenko. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_9.txt,multiBv1,8_9.txt,"Breakthroughs in crystal structure prediction have enabled the discovery of materials and of physical and chemical phenomena. This Review surveys structure prediction methods and presents examples of results for different classes of materials. See Oganov et al.
Image: Artem R. Oganov. Cover Design: Lauren V. Robinson.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_8.txt,sbert,4_8.txt,"Crystallization of soft materials often follows pathways not envisioned in classical theories of crystallization, instead passing through disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid precursors. The recent emergence of techniques to probe these pathways with minimal damage has led to a growing knowledge about these pathways. The image illustrates crystallization via a dense liquid precursor as the free energy of the system decreases, as well as the in-situ observation of this process. See Du J.S. et al
Cover image: Cortland Johnson. Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_11.png,B,"Targeting cancer metabolism, inspired by the Review on p141.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_11.txt,ave_2,21_11.txt,"Extracellular targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Review on p126.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_11.txt,groundtruth,23_11.txt,"Therapeutically harnessing extracellular vesicles, inspired by the Review on p379.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_8.txt,ave_3,21_8.txt,"Delivering on the promise of targeted protein degradation, inspired by the Perspective on p410.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_8.txt,allv2,22_8.txt,test
ACS Food Science & Technology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_1.png,D,"Photoactive edible coatings were developed using curcumin as a photosensitizer and blue light, to reduce fungal decay in strawberries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_1.png,C,"Increasing the operating temperature of jet engines requires materials that are stable against degradation. Towards this goal, growth of TiAl alloys with high strength and ductility, as well as superior creep resistance, is reported.
Article p876; News & Views p823
IMAGE: GUANG CHEN, C. T. LIU AND ZHIXIANG QI
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_5.txt,multiBv1,15_5.txt,"Hierarchical electrodes for semi-artificial photosynthesis
Wiring photosynthetic biomachineries to electrodes is promising for sustainable bio-electricity and fuel generation, but designing such interfaces is challenging. Aerosol jet printing is now used to generate hierarchical pillar array electrodes using indium tin oxide nanoparticles for high-performance semi-artificial photosynthesis.
See Chen et al.
Image: Mairi Eyres and Xiaolong Chen, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_6.txt,ave_1,21_6.txt,"Sustainable aviation fuels
Lignin is an abundant source of renewable aromatic carbon and is of interest as a feedstock for sustainable fuels. This Review provides an overview of production technologies, jet fuel requirements, effects of lignin chemistry, depolymerization techniques, upgrading of bio-oils and challenges for catalysis using real biomass feedstocks.
See Webber et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,"Zeolite catalysts
Nanosized zeolites enable better catalytic performance; however, their synthesis is non-trivial. Here, a simple treatment is presented that enables the growth of nanosized fins on zeolites that act as pseudo-nanoparticles, reducing deactivation rates for methanol-to-hydrocarbon catalysis.
See Editorial; See Q&A; See Sastre; See Ravi et al.; See Dai et al.; See Lezcano-Gonzalez et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Thomas Wilson.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/19_3.txt,allv2,19_3.txt,val
Cancer Cell,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_2.png,C,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/37_4.txt,ave_3,37_4.txt,"On the cover: In their review, Galluzzi and colleagues examine the mechanisms by which malignant cells evade immune elimination through
a novel “three Cs” framework. Camouflage refers to cancer cells’ ability to disguise themselves from the immune system,
preventing recognition as a threat. Coercion involves the direct or indirect inhibition of immune functions by neoplastic
cells, while cytoprotection describes the capacity of malignant cells to withstand cytotoxic agents.
Together, these strategies contribute to immunoevasion and resistance to (immuno)therapy
across various oncological contexts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"On the cover: Fresh insights for exploiting the immune system's strengths and vulnerabilities
are paving the way to a revolution in cancer treatment. Following FDA approvals of
immune checkpoint antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, current research
efforts now aim to understand the role of T cell priming and dysfunction in the tumor
microenvironment as well as the influence of other immune regulatory factors, including
the microbiome. Researchers are also investigating the effects of oncolytic viruses
on anti-tumor immunity. The translation of these scientific advances to novel clinical
trials is as rapid and as expansive as ever before, suggesting we have only seen the
tip of the iceberg for cancer immunotherapy. For more details, see the four Perspective
articles and one Review article in this issue. Artwork by Abby Ernst, Penn Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/33_3.txt,multiBv1,33_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_7.png,A,"Antibody libraries, inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_7.txt,groundtruth,24_7.txt,"Modifications light up RNA, inspired by the Review on p303.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"‘The signalling hub’, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_5.txt,allv2,19_5.txt,"The many facets of RNA, inspired by the Review on p22.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_12.txt,sbert,21_12.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_6.png,C,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"shell structure may be a clever choice to achieve effective capture and storage of radioactive iodine. The core acts as the active site in the reaction with iodine, and the shell acts as a radioactive barrier, trapping captured iodine firmly on the core of the sorbent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_9.png,C,"The host-pathogen transmission process can rely on the symbiotic relationship between
the vector and its microbiome; a microbial community found inhabiting the vector.
As this relationship is sometimes essential to the physiology of the insect vector,
knowledge concerning the interaction could potentially lead to developing more efficient
insect control strategies. To read more about this fascinating interaction, see the
article on pp. 514–522 by Weiss and Aksoy. Photograph of Culex pipiens from Douglas
Allen/iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/27_2.txt,ave_2,27_2.txt,"Parasitic infections account for some of the most significant diseases worldwide,
in both animals and humans, and are of enormous socioeconomic importance. They remain
a major threat to livestock farming and the well-being of companion animals. Due to
their often-zoonotic nature and the dynamic bond between animals and humans, their
threat to animal health is affecting people’s welfare as well. Unfortunately, resistance
to the existing drugs across most parasitic diseases is rising, which demands the
development of novel antiparasitics. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Selzer and Epe provide the animal health industries’ perspective on the antiparasitic
market and give an insight into the major drivers of future innovation. Cover image
created by Paul Selzer, Christian Epe and Adam Design (http://www.adam-design.de/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_12.txt,multiBv1,37_12.txt,"Non-self-produced compounds from the environment can be consumed
or applied as prophylactic or therapeutic agents to avoid infections or cure diseased
individuals. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Erler et al. provide a new view on
animal medication, broadening the current concept of (self-)medication by including
inclusive fi tness, innate immunity and the microbiome. Studying insects (from solitary
to
social communities) offers unique advantages to better understanding the mechanisms
and evolution of animal medication. This cover image shows a bumble bee (Bombus
   hypnorum) foraging for food on a thistle. Bumble bees, as many other insect species,
forage and feed on different plant material and products. Plant secondary metabolites
(found in nectar and pollen) are known to enhance bee health and/or to reduce parasite
loads in infected individuals. Image credit: Silvio Erler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_9.txt,groundtruth,40_9.txt,"In recent years there has been a growing concern over the widespread decline in honeybee
colonies in the northern hemisphere. Devastating losses are impacting not only ecological
services and biodiversity, but also the beekeeping industry. The recent identification
of causal agents of colony loss such as parasites and pesticides has provided a link
between colony collapse and different stress factors, but these factors do not act
in isolation. Rather, stress factors are part of a complex multifactorial syndrome
whereby a variety of stress factors, through synergistic interactions, can cause honeybee
colony collapse. In this issue, Nazzi et al. (pages 556–561) suggest mechanistic reasons
underpinning this phenomenon and propose a conceptual framework to define new experimental
approaches for the functional analysis of the multifactorial origin of bee colony
collapse. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/grafissimo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,train
Matter,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_11.png,A,"On the cover: Chirality is a fundamental property of the universe. The cover of this
issue of Matter presents the synthesis of bichiral perovskite nanocrystals by Liu et al. The primary visual elements of the illustration, featuring two types of chiral nanocrystals,
represent mirror-symmetrical matter in the cosmos. Stimulated by high-energy radiation
in the universe, these perovskite nanoscintillators generate photogenerated charge
carriers with opposite spin directions. This introduces a novel concept of chiral
perovskite scintillator materials with promising prospects for innovative materials,
drug delivery systems, and various bioengineering applications.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,"On the Cover: In this issue of Matter, Yang et al. (848–861) show the synthesis of optimal-sized gold nanoparticles coated
with water-soluble pillar[6]arenes through a reversed Turkevich method to explore
a powerful strategy of marrying synthetic macrocycles with noble metal nanoparticles
for the fabrication of multi-functional organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. On
the cover, we depict the label-free sensing of paraquat and efficient catalysis of
nitrophenol reduction by this hybrid material.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,multiBv1,4_1.txt,"On the Cover: Like powerful artifacts in manga, perovskites have proven to hold powerful
secrets and demonstrated behaviors beyond their initial appearance and measure, serving
as a transition between light and energy. Unplanned, this month’s issue sees three
independent perovskite research articles from Mali and colleagues (635–653), Zhou
and colleagues (582–599), and Liu and colleagues (709–721), as well as a review by
Wang and colleagues (528–551). How can you use perovskites to power up?",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_9.png,C,"The cover of this issue is an artistic view of how living tissues can be understood in terms of concepts from mechanics, such as stress. See Manuel Gómez-González et al.
Image: Iris Joval Granollers. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"The cover of this issue uses motifs from a Perspective on proliferating active matter. See Hallatschek et al.
Image: Oskar Hallatschek, University of California, Berkeley. Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_6.txt,sbert,5_6.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates living human cancer cells and tissues. See Massey et al.
Image: Alexander Cartagena-Rivera, National Institutes of Health, US. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"The cover of this issue is a phase map of red blood cells, as recovered using Fourier ptychography. See Zheng et al.
Image: Guoan Zheng, University of Connecticut. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_10.txt,ave_3,3_10.txt,test
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_2.png,D,"Axon regeneration after injury remains a daunting challenge. In this issue, two articles
focus on novel strategies aimed at promoting axon regeneration in the nervous system.
On pages 156–163, George Smith, Anthony Falone and Eric Frank review recent advances
in sensory axon regeneration, including strategies for promoting the functional reconnection
of sensory axons with their original synaptic targets after injury. In a review on
pages 164–174, Eun-Mi Hur, Saijilafu and Feng-Quan Zhou discuss the potential of enhancing
axon regeneration by direct modulation of growth cone cytoskeletal components, including
reviewing recent progress that has been made towards altering the growth rate and
trajectory of regenerating axons. Image credit: iStockphoto/MarianoR.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/35_10.txt,allv2,35_10.txt,"In this issue, on pages 124–133, Gaillard and Jaber discuss cell replacement therapy
as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Specifically,
they highlight recent studies related to the transplantation of cells within the lesioned
site, the substantia nigra, and the subsequent formation of axonal projections to
the striatum and improved motor behavior that has been observed in animal models of
Parkinson’s disease. The cover image is a photograph of fiber optics, string and wires
that conceptually depicts the formation of new connections and the rewiring of the
brain. Photo credit: Dinodia Photos, Brand X Pictures (Getty Images)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/34_11.txt,ave_3,34_11.txt,"Due to the permanent and often debilitating effects of lesions in the brain, spinal
cord, and optic nerve, therapeutic regeneration of injured axons in the central nervous
system has been a long sought after, but as yet unattained, goal. On pages 381–387
of this issue, Pernet and Schwab review recent studies demonstrating potent sprouting
and regeneration of optic nerve axons in adult mice following stimulation of specific
signaling pathways. They point out that many of these studies reveal axon navigation
defects at critical points under conditions of strong growth stimulation (as conceptualized
by the cover image) and argue that therapies aimed at long-distance axonal regeneration
must balance treatments of growth-promoting and guidance factors. Cover image: iStockphoto/DC_Colombia",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/37_6.txt,multiBv1,37_6.txt,"Axonal regeneration is a highly complex process that requires the
coordinated action of multiple intracellular mechanisms. Unlike peripheral neurons,
central nervous system (CNS) neurons fail to activate a pro-regenerative program
following injury, resulting in severe neurological deficits. In this issue of Trends in
   Neurosciences, Diogo Tomé and Ramiro D. Almeida discuss the main intracellular
processes that drive the regenerative response and how their manipulation can
enhance the intrinsic growth capacity of injured CNS neurons. The cover features
an image of a growth cone (red), the precursor of axon regeneration, located at
the tip of a rat hippocampal axon (blue). The cover image was acquired by Diogo
Tomé and Ramiro D. Almeida.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_2.txt,groundtruth,47_2.txt,test
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_1.png,B,"Sequence-specific fluorescence labeling of oligonucleotides is critical for cellular studies of nucleic acid structure and function. Post-synthetic incorporation of bioorthogonal tags into DNA and RNA, described by Egloff et al., enables fluorescence labeling of nucleic acids of any length, allowing for detailed studies of complex RNA folding as well as shorter sequences using single-molecule FRET. Image from Shutterstock",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2016_4.txt,allv2,2016_4.txt,"Switchback nucleic acid structures contain right-handed helical half-turns that are laterally arranged to form a globally left-handed structure with parallel strand orientation (set of blocks in the middle) in contrast to conventional duplexes that contain vertically stacked half-turns that form a right-handed structure with antiparallel strands (set of blocks on the right). The cover image was designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,multiBv1,2014_5.txt,"The illustration shows an x-ray crystal structure of the enzyme PAD2 with a padlock in the active site. A series of calcium ions must bind, the last one switching PAD2 to its active state (unlocking it). Art designer: Mary O?Reilly",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2015_9.txt,sbert,2015_9.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_16.png,B,"In an associative polymer system, motion of a given chain is restricted by the interchain associations and entanglements. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_22.txt,allv2,2022_22.txt,The cover illustrates the elastically active network in a Brownian dynamics simulation of associative polymers with an association density just above the gel point. A random color is assigned to each linear section connecting branch points in the network. The number of paths forming unique cycles in the network determines the elastic modulus of the gel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"Using computational modeling,  we predict how light can be harnessed to direct the autonomous motion of  self-oscillating gels. See page 3231. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_15.txt,sbert,2014_15.txt,"Linear polymers which fluctuate in thermal equilibrium can develop complicated types of self-entanglement, including physical knots.  These forms of entanglement are known to affect several properties of the polymers such as mechanical resistance and rheology. Yet, the dynamical mechanisms leading to the spontaneous knotting and unknotting of open chains are still relatively unexplored. The study of Tubiana et al. contributes to fill this gap by using stochastic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the knotting and unknotting of equilibrated flexible chain of beads. The observed form of spontaneous knotting is illustrated by the chain shown in the picture. The blue portion in the foreground is tied in a 52 knot as aptly illustrated by its smoothed version represented with a tube. The background image was prepared with the VMD graphical package. See Macromolecules 2013, 46 (9), 3669­—3678.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2013_14.txt,ave_1,2013_14.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_8.png,D,"Neuromodulating psychological traits
In this issue, Williams et al. present the results from the Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Stimulation (SHIFT) trial investigating imaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) to increase the ability to be hypnotized. Hypnosis has been posited as a non-pharmacological intervention for functional pain disorders. The trial demonstrated that in a sample of participants with fibromyalgia syndrome, inhibition of the L-DLPFC was associated with greater ability to be hypnotized, indicative of a promising target for noninvasive neuromodulation. The cover depicts a representation of neuromodulation of the L-DLPFC during the SHIFT paradigm.
See Williams et al.
Image: Ori Dvir. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_12.txt,sbert,2_12.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,ave_2,1_4.txt,"Youth mental health
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of intense emotions and a crucial time for developing strategies for coping and processing emotions. In addition to facing normative developmental experiences, young people today are growing up in a time of great challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, gun violence and international conflict — all of which have negatively affected youth mental health. The cover for our August issue is deliberately moody and somber, reflecting the uncertainty of our times. Yet even in unexpected places, there is always hope. The shadow of a young person’s hand reaches for a bright poppy, often associated with the promise of a more peaceful future, depicting the need to continue to strive for a better world.
See our Editorial for more on the challenges facing youth mental health and some promising new research avenues.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"ADHD in adulthood
The cover of the May issue uses a braid of several colorful threads woven together to symbolize some of the current thinking about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Adult ADHD is not well understood and, consequently, can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. But recent work has attempted to identify the ways in which ADHD in adulthood may be both different from and similar to ADHD diagnosed in childhood by bringing many strands of research together. The braid also symbolizes the need for increasing the awareness of, reducing the stigma of and providing better treatment and multifactorial support for people with ADHD in adulthood.
Read more in our Editorial about the neurobiological basis of ADHD in adults and parental support and self-management in people with ADHD transitioning to adulthood.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_4.png,D,"Going against the current
An autonomous underwater vehicle is designed with a distributed sensory system over its surface, inspired by fish lateral line sensing, so that it can measure hydrodynamic forces and compensate for disturbances immediately. The vehicle manoeuvres by using jet thrusters, a mechanism that is inspired by jet propulsion employed by squid. Such underwater robots can instantly feel and respond to disturbances, and have improved position tracking.
See Michael Krieg, Kevin Nelson and Kamran Mohseni
Image: Springer Nature Limited/Monica Schul. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Learning visual appearance for flight control
Flying insects show impressive skills in navigation and piloting, including landing and avoiding obstacles, which roboticists try to mimic in the design of lightweight flying robots. The visual cue of optical flow is known to play a major role in insect navigation and is increasingly studied for use by small flying robots as well. However, there are gaps in the current understanding of optical flow control, as it cannot disentangle distance from velocity, and is less informative in the forward flight direction. In this issue, De Croon et al. propose a solution that consists of a learning process in which the robot first uses optical flow and self-induced oscillations to perceive distances to objects in its environment. It then learns a mapping from visual appearance to these distances to complement optical flow, solving the above-mentioned problems. The approach, which is biologically plausible in terms of processing, sensing, and actuation requirements, is demonstrated on a flying robot.
See De Croon et al.
Image: Sarah Gluschitz. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Coordinating safe navigation
The collective motion of swarms, such as flocks of birds or flying robots, can be described well in terms of locally defined rules, where every agent regulates its motion with respect to a limited set of neighbours. This complex phenomenon can be mathematically modelled using potential fields, but for aerial robots, this is not sufficient to guarantee safety in environments with obstacles. In this issue, Enrica Soria et al.. describe how a predictive model can incorporate the robots' dynamics and environments to improve the speed, order and safety of a swarm of aerial robots. The model is validated with a swarm of five quadrotors navigating a real-world indoor cluttered environment.
See Enrica Soria et al.
Image: AGORA Lombard Odier at EPFL by Catherine Leutenegger with digital implementation of drones by Enrica Soria. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_7.txt,ave_3,3_7.txt,"Fly-by-feel flight control
Natural flight capabilities surpass current drone technology, with mechanoreceptors in wings thought to have a crucial role in the control of insect flight. Inspired by this observation, Kim et al. developed a wing strain-based control system, achieving precise manoeuvrability of flapping wing robots and offering insights into autonomous flight control within complex aerodynamic flows.
See Kim et al.
Image: Aleksey Akimov/ Shutterstock. Pixacon/ Shutterstock. 3d_molier International/ Turboquid by Shutterstock. Image concept: Daeshik Kang, Ajou University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.png,A,"Intestinal organ chips, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_2,22_1.txt,"Intestinal goblet cells, inspired by the Review on p785
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,"Gut delivery, inspired by the Review on p219
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_9.txt,sbert,19_9.txt,val
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_22.png,C,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"The top right is hexagons representing the benzene ring, which is an important part of the TPU. The central part of the cover is a three-dimensional diagram of the sandwich structure. The left side is a microscopic diagram of particle-filled TPU film and nonwovens.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_4.png,B,"The pH (Low) Insertion Peptide (pHLIP peptide) conjugated to a positron emission tomography (PET) radioisotope (pHLIP-PET) is able to target tumor sites based on the low extracellular pH environment surrounding these cells via transmembrane insertion. The glowing end of the peptide represents the PET isotope being delivered to the tumor site. Cover illustration created by Wenjing Wu at Design and Creative Services, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_4.txt,ave_2,2016_4.txt,"A novel FAP-targeting PET probe based on quinolinium was designed and prepared. The targeted binding ability of the probe to FAP was investigated at multiple levels. The results showed that quinolinium FAPI had specific affinity for FAP and had potential for clinical transformation. As the first exploration of charged FAP-targeting probes, quinolinium FAPI fills the gap in this area of research and provides new ideas for the design of new FAPI tracers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Next generation, endothelial-targeted, radioimmunoliposomes provide in vivo pulmonary targeting specificity, enabling molecular imaging.  Using copper-free, biorthogonal click chemistry, we demonstrate",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_2.txt,multiBv1,2018_2.txt,"Non-invasive in vivo imaging of malignant diseases with Positron Emission Tomography (PET): The multimerization of the GRPR-affine peptide PESIN is able to produce improved in vitro receptor-specific binding avidities compared to the respective monomers when using an appropriate molecular design. Among the investigated multimers, the peptide dimers show optimal in vivo pharmacokinetics being reflected in higher absolute tumor-specific uptakes as well as tumor-to-background ratios compared to monomers and larger multimers. (See Lindner et al. on page 489.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2014_10.txt,allv2,2014_10.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.png,A,"Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.txt,groundtruth,22_3.txt,"Alternatives for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, inspired by the Review on p262.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.txt,ave_3,22_8.txt,"Bacterial biofilms, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_3.txt,multiBv1,20_3.txt,"‘Addressing the antimicrobial resistance crisis’, inspired by the Viewpoint article on page267.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_8.txt,allv2,18_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.txt,ave_3,20_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,train
Caner Cell,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/43_1.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_2.txt,allv2,43_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lu et al. (pages 21–35) report that vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) directly and negatively regulates glioblastoma tumor cell invasion
by suppressing HGF-dependent MET phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. The cover
image depicts the opposing “yin and yang” nature of VEGF signaling. On one hand, murine
glioblastomas that overexpress VEGF are highly proliferative and angiogenic but with
well-defined, circumscribed borders (left side). At the opposite extreme, murine glioblastomas
deficient of VEGF are nonangiogenic, slower growing, but highly invasive (right side).
Tumor cells are red, blood vessels are green, and nuclei are blue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/22_6.txt,ave_3,22_6.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,test
Trends in Cancer,10_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_3.png,C,"Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking and have been shown to
exert both pro- and antitumorigenic functions in the tumor microenvironment. New
strategies are being tested to utilize chemokines and chemokine receptors to improve
immunotherapies. In this issue, Märkl et al. review recent advances in applying or
targeting chemokines in monotherapy or in combination therapies for the treatment
of cancer. The cover depicts immunotherapy strategies (pied piper) using chemokines
(orange and yellow circles) to attract cells expressing specific chemokine receptors
(mice
with chemokine receptors) to exert antitumorigenic effects and improve immunotherapy
efficacy. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from
gettyimages/Dynamic Graphics, 2007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_5.txt,sbert,8_5.txt,"In BRCA1/2-mutant cancers, genomic instability can induce Inflammatory
signaling, suggesting that these tumors may respond to checkpoint inhibitors. However,
genomically instable cancers have co-opted mechanisms to evade the immune system,
resulting in minimal patient benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this issue,
van Vugt and Parkes review the mechanisms by which genomic instability triggers
inflammatory signaling, and describe how cancer cells evade the immune system.
Cover image depicts how cancer cells ‘fly under the radar’ of the immune system.
Immune cells use radar to detect DNA damage and inflammatory signals in cancer
cells, prompting their mobilization. Cover design conceived by Danielle Loughlin and
created by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_11.txt,multiBv1,8_11.txt,"Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) can target two different epitopes or
antigens and can be leveraged for therapeutic targeting in cancer. The bsAb structure
can be engineered to enable diverse mechanisms of action – from dual modulation
of signaling pathways or immune checkpoints, to T cell, NK, or innate immune
cell engagers. In this issue, Herrera et al. provide a comprehensive review of this
rapidly evolving field, detailing advances in preclinical and clinical developments,
as well as challenges ahead. The cover art depicts the complexities of the tumor
microenvironment as a cosmos, and the moment a bispecific T cell engager binds to
and activates tumor-infiltrating T cells to enable cancer cell killing. Design by
Lewis
Au. Illustration by Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_3.txt,groundtruth,10_3.txt,"Engineering nanotechnology for cancer therapy is a fast-paced field, and applications
in immuno-oncology are highly awaited. On pages 551–560 in this issue, Shiladitya
Sengupta reflects on past successes and failures of cancer nanodrugs, and discusses
how to leverage these lessons to design next-generation nanomedicines for immunotherapy.
Cover design by iStock/Jakarin2521.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_5.png,C,"Gamma-ray binary with a pulse
Rare gamma-ray binary system LS I +61° 303 has been generally well characterized, but the exact nature of the compact object component of the binary has not been firmly established. Sensitive observations with FAST have detected transient radio pulsations from the direction of the system, inferring that LS I +61° 303 is host to a rotating neutron star.
See Weng et al.
Image: D.F. Torres, S. Weng, K. Rappaport, Science Commuication Lab. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_7.txt,multiBv1,6_7.txt,"Optical jet lag
An artistʼs impression of a black hole accreting matter from a companion star (red) launches a jet of hot plasma (purple), funnelled by swirling magnetic fields. Measurements of a lag between optical and X-ray emission reveal the characteristic elevation where the jet becomes optically thin (white), giving insight into the physics of plasma acceleration.
See Gandhi et al.  1 , 859–864 (2017)
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"Studying accretion in extreme regimes
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer has observed renowned Galactic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3, receiving photons reflected from the accretion funnel around the compact component. Accretion occurs at super-Eddington rates; the apparent luminosity makes Cygnus X-3 an ultraluminous X-ray source.
See Veledina et al.
Image: Alexander Mushtukov, University of Oxford (alexander.mushtukov@physics.ox.ac.uk). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Balloons and black holes
X-ray polarization observations of the stellar black hole in Cygnus X-1 by a balloon-borne telescope revealed weak polarization, whose angle is aligned with the jet axis. Together with previous data, these findings point to an accretion disk corona that is either extended or located far from the black hole.
See Chauvin et al.
IMAGE: Swedish Space Corporation COVER DESIGN: Allen Beatie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_10.png,D,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"This Special Issue entitled “3D Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications” highlights the diverse applications of 3D printing technologies in environmental sectors. Owing to their exceptional efficiency, flexible structures, and ease of recovery, 3D-printed catalysts hold significant potential for addressing practical challenges in real-world water environments. The cover artwork was created using OpenAI.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_2.txt,multiBv1,2025_2.txt,"An unmanned surface vehicle water quality sensor platform (the “AquaBOT”) traveling along a second-order, agriculturally influenced stream in Iowa, USA, to collect longitudinal water quality data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_10.txt,sbert,2022_10.txt,"‘Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Data Analytics in Water Environments’ showcases the many diverse applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics in addressing environmental issues within the broad context of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2025_3.png,B,"This cover art features a striking depiction of mitochondria emerging from a scientific paper adorned with illustrations of F0-ATPase and drugs. Scientists delve into groundbreaking research, seeking a cure for ischemia",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.txt,allv2,2024_24.txt,"This cover art showcases ZG-2305, a novel inhibitor of FIH, designed to target its tyrosine-flip pocket. ZG-2305 shows potential in improving lipid accumulation and reversing hepatic steatosis, raising a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver diseases. A generative AI tool (Midjourney) was used to create a part of the artwork.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A phenyl oxzole derivative CIB-3b could target TRBP to disrupt its interaction with Dicer and alter the expression of a subset of cancer-related miRNAs, thereby inhibiting human hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Inhibition of TRBP-mediated miRNA biogenesis could be a novel strategy for cancer therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2022_9.txt,multiBv1,2022_9.txt,"Nonphenolic potent COMT inhibitor with CNS druglike properties. The compound was designed using X-ray guided, sequential optimization of a hit obtained in a fragment screening targeting the SAM pocket. (Lerner, C.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00927) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2016_3.txt,sbert,2016_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.png,B,"Amphiphilic copolymer-modified eggshell-based column packing materials contribute not only to the reduction of environmental impact, but also to effective purification of basic compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_3.txt,ave_1,2022_3.txt,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"A new method for synthesizing urea-based polymers with tetracyanobutadiene chromophores is presented. These polymers show selective  turn-on fluorescence when exposed to fluoride ions in a wide range from 30 μM to 7.2 mM. Fluoride disrupts supramolecular aggregates of the polymer, enhancing emission intensity. The background image was generated using the free NinjaTech AI tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,test
Science Immunology,9_98,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_98.png,C,ONLINE COVER Amoeboid Prowling by Lung ILC2s. Featured on the cover is a confocal image of a precision-cut mouse lung slice showing green group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in close proximity to peribronchial collagen fibers (in blue and magenta). Puttur et al. used intravital microscopy techniques to track the migration of ILC2s during IL-33–induced lung inflammation. These studies identify type I collagen and chemokines as key influences on the shape and locomotor activity of ILC2s during lung inflammation. [CREDIT: FRANZ PUTTUR ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_36.txt,ave_2,4_36.txt,"ONLINE COVER Pneumonia Prophylaxis. This month’s cover depicts intramuscular administration of a vaccine to an elderly man. Lower respiratory virus infections, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, are more likely to progress to severe pneumonia and a fatal outcome in senior citizens. There is an urgent need for vaccines that show comparable efficacy in seniors and younger individuals. Using a mouse influenza infection model, Goplen et al. found that aged mice sustained more fibrotic lung damage following influenza infection than young mice due to excessive accumulation of dysfunctional tissue-resident memory T cells. [CREDIT: FG TRADE/GETTY IMAGES]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_53.txt,sbert,5_53.txt,"ONLINE COVER Specialized Macrophages Repair the Lung After Damage. Airborne pathogens and pollutants can cause long-lasting lung damage, but how lung myeloid cells contribute to postinjury repair is not fully understood. Ruscitti et al. identified a population of Ly6G+ macrophages that emerges during the early recovery phase after influenza virus–triggered lung injury in mice. These Ly6G+ macrophages were short-lived, monocyte-derived cells that populated alveoli near the site of damage and promoted epithelial repair. This month’s cover illustration depicts damaged lung alveoli as burning buildings, from which falling debris (representing signals such as GM-CSF and type 2 cytokines) promotes monocyte differentiation into reparative Ly6G+ macrophages. Credit: Adeline Deward/Illumine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_98.txt,groundtruth,9_98.txt,"ONLINE COVER Helpful Lung Liaisons. This month's cover is a confocal immunofluorescence micrograph of mouse lung tissue showing CD4+ T cells (magenta) tightly associated with B220+ B cells (cyan) in an inducible bronchus–associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) structure present 31 days after influenza infection. Swarnalekha et al. identified a BCL6-dependent subset of CD4+ T cells located within the iBALT that supports mucosal antibody production. This T cell subset, designated as resident helper T cells (TRH), is also the subject of a companion paper by Son et al. and a Focus commentary by Schattgen and Thomas. [CREDIT: N. SWARNALEKHA ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_55.txt,allv2,6_55.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_8.png,B,and thus a promising thermoelectric figure of merit in a set of crystalline materials. The insights provided here should guide the discovery and design of potential candidates for thermoelectric energy conversion.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_7.txt,ave_2,2018_7.txt,Rotations of MA cations with large dipole moments significantly reduce the thermal conductivity by scattering acoustic phonons,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"A charge carrier in hybrid lead halide perovskite forms a large polaron (orange) from coupling to optical phonons of mainly the lead halide sublattice. The movement of the large polaron may be further slowed by orientational relaxation of surrounding dipoles, i.e., a dielectric drag. Image by Nicoletta Barolini and Xiaoyang Zhu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_2.txt,allv2,2017_2.txt,"Plasmonic nanostructures function as powerful nanoantennas, providing strong coupling with light at wavelengths from the UV to the IR. As the plasmon decays, there is some probability that all its energy excites a single electron. This Perspective discusses the fundamental properties of these high-energy hot electrons, explores the limitations to their usage in solar energy conversion, and presents ways to increase their numbers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_3.txt,ave_3,2019_3.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_7.png,C,"An antibody/metal-organic framework-modified paper-based device was developed for the isolation and detection of small extracellular vesicles. Combining the advantages of filtration and immune capture methods, this versatile automatic platform possessed superior isolation performance compared to traditional ultracentrifugation methods with much less cost and time.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_21.txt,ave_3,2022_21.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"Droplet-based microfluidic technologies have transformed the paradigm of biochemical experimentation in recent years, enabling a range of chemical and biological operations to be performed at ultrahigh speed and with outstanding efficiency. Such tools have been used in a diversity of applications, including single cell analysis, RNA sequencing, small molecule screening, directed evolution, in vitro diagnostics, tissue engineering, and materials synthesis. Herein, we highlight and discuss some of these important, successful, and exciting applications over the past 2 years. Image concept by Dr. Yun Ding. Image created by Yujia Ma.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2020_24.txt,ave_2,2020_24.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_50,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_50.png,C,"Chemoselective reduction of functional nitroarenes into functional anilines is one of the key reactions in both laboratory and industrial organic synthesis. Cu nanoparticles can serve as excellent catalysts to chemoselectively reduce 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline with ammonia borane under ambient conditions. See Sun and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 16460. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,"The cover illustrates a rationally designed and synthesized stable, nickel foam-supported, {–210} high-index facet-rich Ni3S2 nanosheet array, dubbed Ni3S2/NF, in action as a highly active, binder-free, bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the hydrogen evolution and the oxygen evolution reactions. See Asefa and co-workers, p 14023. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_8.txt,sbert,2015_8.txt,"An environmentally benign and economic method was established to synthesize the NiOOH active phase. Mechanistic insights led to milestone activities, yielding directional electrochemical conversion of the lignin-derived cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone and of cyclohexanone to adipic acid by accurately controlling the Ni3+",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_50.txt,groundtruth,2024_50.txt,An electrochemical strategy is reported to upgrade CO2-derived formic acid into high-valued formamide by the co-reduction of CO2 and nitrite pollutants. Low-coordinated Cu exhibits a remarkable economic advantage for formamide electrosynthesis over conventional manufacture.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_17.txt,ave_3,2022_17.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.png,C,"The first Pd-catalyzed stereospecific C-glycosylation of reversed anomeric stannanes yields non-classical aryl and vinyl C-glycosides in good to excellent yields with exclusive stereocontrol, distinguishing this method as the current state-of-the-art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,Thio ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as an extraordinary electrocatalyst enhanced the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia due to the regulated electronic structure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,"The integration of green hydrogen production and storage through electrocatalysis, enabling the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into methanol or formic acid, and N2 or NOx with H2O into ammonia, holds great promise for streamlining the hydrogen economy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"With a copper electrode background, the cover describes the process of carbon deposition leading to electrode poisoning in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction process. The carbon accumulation on the electrode surface is irregularly distributed, and the hydrogen evolution reaction is intensified.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_11.png,C,"On the cover: A wave of gene-expression states, traveling from bottom right to top
left, in a field of communicating cells. Each circle is a cell, and the colors represent
gene-expression states. The image was produced by vertically stacking temporally adjacent
snapshots of a simulation so that the uppermost layer (protruding out of the page)
shows the present and the layers below it (going into the page) successively show
the future. Each stack of cells (present to future) is identical to its diagonally
(towards northwest) adjacent, underlying stack of future cells—a hallmark of dynamic
spatial patterns such as waves that coherently transmit information across space.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Dang et al. (82–98) developed a theory to determine how cells can form dynamic spatial
patterns by communicating with diffusible molecules and a software package for simulating
this communication. Image by Max A. Betjes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_6.txt,multiBv1,10_6.txt,"On the cover: The universe of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. In
this issue, Cursons et al. (77–91) show that multiple miRNAs cooperate to drive a
robust mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition within a cell line model of claudin-low
breast cancer. The cover image shows a rotated representation of 1,102 TCGA breast
cancer samples (hexbin density) and 72 breast cancer cell lines (circular markers)
on a landscape defined by epithelial and mesenchymal molecular phenotypes. Hexbin
colors reflect TCGA sample density (black, no samples; yellow, highest density).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_6.txt,sbert,7_6.txt,"On the cover: Lung cancer cells expressing the CluMPS reporter (magenta) show large
puncta that indicate the presence of small, hard-to-see clusters of its target (EML4-ALK,
green). In this issue of Cell Systems, Mumford et al. introduce CluMPS (clusters magnified by phase separation), a fluorescent reporter
for detecting small protein clusters in living cells. The combined multivalency of
CluMPS and a multimerized target produces large condensates that are detectable with
standard microscopy. CluMPS can detect and track clusters of both endogenous and exogenous
proteins. Image credit: Thomas Mumford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_11.txt,groundtruth,15_11.txt,"On the cover: Liquid-like protein droplets function as cellular “memory foam.” In
this issue, Dine et al. (655–663) develop a new optogenetic approach, the PixELL system,
which demonstrates that protein phase separation is intrinsically able to maintain
spatial patterns. The cover image shows a single PixELL-expressing cell that had been
transiently exposed to a spatial pattern of blue light (large blue stripe). The image
shown is taken 40 min after the blue light stimulus was removed, demonstrating the
persistence of the spatial distribution of droplets that emerged during light stimulation.
Image credit: Elliot Dine and Jared Toettcher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,test
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_7.png,D,"Mathematical models of T cell regulation
Machine learning models for T cell dynamics: Kirouac et al. encode knowledge about T cell biology through mathematics and use computer simulations to explore the mechanisms underlying clinical observations and biomolecular data.
See Kirouac et al.
Image: Nicole Sims. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/41_2.txt,multiBv1,41_2.txt,Deep learning of protein-DNA-binding specificities seen through an artist's eyes. Alipanahi et al. show that deep learning techniques can be used to ascertain the binding sequences of proteins on RNA and DNA from experimental data (p 831). Credit: Graham Johnson,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/33_5.txt,allv2,33_5.txt,"Protein structure prediction
Artistic rendering of a system for protein structure prediction. Chowdhury et al. present a deep learning method to predict a protein’s structure from its sequence alone, with applications to orphan and de novo–designed proteins.
See Chowdhury et al.
Image: Alina Kurokhtina. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/40_2.txt,sbert,40_2.txt,"Modeling genetic perturbation outcomes
Predicting the outcome of genetic perturbations: Roohani et al. present GEARS, a computational method that integrates deep learning with a knowledge graph of gene–gene relationships to simulate the effects of genetic perturbations.
See Roohani et al.
Image: Yusuf Roohani, Jure Leskovec and SayoStudio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,val
Trends in Cell Biology,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_6.png,B,"Mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of ferroptotic cell
death. They are a major source of ROS, but also produce key metabolites to protect
the cells from lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. The cover illustrations shows
the metamorphosis of mitochondrial function from supporting cell survival following
oxidative damage to promoting ferroptosis and leading to cardiac damage. Cover
illustration by Sofia Ahola (www.sofiaahola.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_11.txt,ave_3,34_11.txt,"Neuronal ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases.
On pages 535–546 in this issue, Jacquemyn et al. discuss how alterations in iron
and lipid metabolism affect neuronal ferroptosis in health and disease. Fundamental
features of neurons that make them vulnerable to ferroptosis and the unique strategies
neurons use to protect themselves from it are highlighted. Finally, the reciprocal
roles
of neuronal iron, lipids, and pathogenic proteins in ferroptosis in neurodegenerative
disease are discussed. Cover design by Dr. Julie Jacquemyn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,"Among the different forms of cell death is the nonapoptotic program, ferroptosis,
which is driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species as a result
of the loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).
In this issue (pages 165–176), Yang and Stockwell review the mechanism of ferroptosis
regulation and its implications in both normal and pathological physiology. The cover
depicts metabolic pathways (pipes) that converge to supply Gpx4 (hose) with the reducing
power (water) needed to eliminate oxidative damage to lipids, such as lipid peroxidation
(fire). Image designed by Nicoletta Barolini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_12.txt,ave_2,26_12.txt,"Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death that plays critical roles in health
and disease. This issue of Trends in Cell Biology includes a cluster of articles discussing ferroptosis pathways in cells from various
angles, including links to lipid metabolism, NADPH metabolism, and cancer. The rusty
surface of the cover’s image alludes to the notion of ferroptosis. Photo credits:
letty17/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/33_1.txt,allv2,33_1.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/33_1.png,C,"On the cover: Damodar et al. demonstrated that RLBP1 encodes two CRALBP isoforms that are differentially expressed in human and murine
retinal tissues: two isoforms in retinal pigment epithelium and one isoform in Müller
glial cells. The image shows 3D isosurface rendering (Imaris) of a 250-day-old retinal
organoid labeled for CRALBP (multicolor object ID) in Müller glial cells. The Müller
cells span the outer nuclear layer (in blue), with their end feet forming the outer
limiting membrane that surrounds the organoid. Image credit: Hassan Boukhaddaoui and
Nejla Erkilic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_1.txt,ave_3,32_1.txt,"On the cover: In ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (AKI), tubular epithelial cells
(TECs) undergo different degrees of cell necrosis and nuclear disruption, obtaining
pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic properties, which recruit mononuclear macrophage
infiltration by expressing Cxcl1, IL-34, Ccl2, and Cxcl16. These activated macrophages
further activate Th17 through IL18-IL18R1, resulting in a sustained secretion of TGF-β1.
In addition, the subcapsular injection of MSC regulates repair and reduces the infiltration
and activation of the above-mentioned inflammatory cells by secreting extracellular
vesicles to deliver microRNAs, especially miR-26a-5p, thus alleviating renal fibrosis
during the progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Image credit: Beijing
FantasticColor Animation Technology Co., Ltd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_3.txt,ave_2,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_2.txt,allv2,33_2.txt,val
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_12.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, two articles explore
related ideas of proteins being in the ‘neighborhood’ of their interaction partners
and
substrates. In their Review, Dr. Ciaran Seath and colleagues describe how proximity
labeling approaches can be used to explore protein-RNA and protein-ligand interactions,
as well as subcellular protein trafficking, and in their Opinion, Dr. Hyun-Woo Rhee
and co-authors describe spray-type post-translational modifications, a concept that
resembles proximity labeling methods. Cover image from GettyImages/soberve.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_10.txt,ave_3,49_10.txt,"Glycosylation is a ubiquitous and dynamic post-translational modification of proteins
and lipids. Though many studies have separately studied the glycome (akin to foliage
on a tree) and proteome (like the trunk of a tree), Dr. Mia Huang and colleagues on
pages 492–505 describe a growing toolbox to study the structure, interactions, and
biological functions of the glycoproteome. Cover image from GettyImages/Alice Adler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_7.txt,ave_2,47_7.txt,"SUMO and ubiquitin are related eukaryotic protein ‘tags’ that covalently modify substrate
proteins to alter their stability, their intracellular localization or their interactions
with other proteins. Although they have distinct functions and use independent enzymatic
machineries to control their conjugation to substrate proteins, recent studies have
revealed several direct and indirect functional interactions of the two protein tags,
as Praefcke et al. describe on pages 23–31 of this issue. Among others, these interactions
include alternative tagging of a protein substrate by sumoylation or ubiquitylation,
proteolytic targeting of SUMO-modified proteins by addition of ubiquitin tags, and
modifying the activity of enzymes controlling one modifier by their conjugation to
the other. Cover design by Ana Fuejo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/37_12.txt,allv2,37_12.txt,"UFMylation is the most recently identified ubiquitin-like modification. On
pages 52−67 in this issue, Zhou et al. review recent advances in the understanding of
the biochemical and structural bases of this post-translational protein modification
and
highlight the various intertwined cellular processes tightly controlled by UFMylation.
They
point out some of the outstanding research questions that will need to be addressed
to decipher the physiological importance of this modification and for evaluating the
potential of its pharmacological targeting. Cover image by Dr Elodie Lafont.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_12.txt,groundtruth,49_12.txt,test
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_4.png,A,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,Our findings highlight the importance of an oxo bridged diiron core and an appended thiazolinium group in proton shuttling to the catalytic active center during the hydrogen evolution reaction. Our study aims to shed light on the pivotal role of the redox active ligand coupled with proton shuttle toward designing an efficient molecular catalyst. The cover art was designed by Bharath M using Microsoft PowerPoint.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_18.txt,ave_3,2024_18.txt,A new catalyst composed of CuO nanoparticles embedded in Zn-MOF with the H3L ligand,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_42.txt,ave_2,2024_42.txt,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_2.png,A,"The cover art depicts an isolated hydroxyl-bridged tricopper triangular complex being lifted from the kagomé lattice of herbertsmithite, illustrating how our new compound, CaCu(OH)3Cl, represents a chemically equivalent zero-dimensional analogue of this well studied quantum spin liquid candidate. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C.  Top Right: Unsolicited Photoexcited-State Pathways Relegate the Long-Lived Charge Separation in Self-Assembled Nucleobase–Arene Conjugate (J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (42), pp 23259–23267). Center: Transport Mechanism of Guest Methane in Water-Filled Nanopores (J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (29), pp 15675–15686). Bottom Left: Core–Shell Structure of Palladium Hydride Nanoparticles Revealed by Combined X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (33), pp 18202–18213). Background:  Diffusion Dependence of the Dual-Cycle Mechanism for MTO Reaction Inside ZSM-12 and ZSM-22 Zeolites (J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (41), pp 22872–22882).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2018_51.txt,multiBv1,2018_51.txt,"Three-dimensional double-decker building blocks are promising systems in molecular spintronics due to their built-in spin and charge functionality. Here, we incorporated tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to chemically identify the molecular adsorption configurations and self-assembly formation processes. The non-resonance Raman fingerprint of the adsorbed molecules was complemented by the density functional theory simulation, realizing the full potential of this technique. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2022_32.txt,sbert,2022_32.txt,"Remarkable enhancement of second hyperpolarizability in antiferromagnetic cyclic thiazyl multiradical aggregates. Open-shell singlet character is a quantum chemical index describing the instability of chemical bond. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties (second hyperpolarizabilities) of π-stacked pancake-bonded cyclic thiazyl aggregates are found to be controlled by tuning the open-shell singlet character. Indeed, the antiferromagnetic 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radical aggregate with intermediate open-shell singlet character is found to cause remarkable enhancement of the second hyperpolarizability, which also exhibits strong dependence on the intermolecular distance. These findings reveal the high potential application of open-shell singlet cyclic thiazyl multiradical aggregates to outstanding third-order NLO materials. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2018_40.txt,allv2,2018_40.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.png,C,"This Review details the structural and chemical features of state-of-the-art metal–organic frameworks for their application in the carbon cycle of capturing, purifying and transforming CO2 into valuable products. 
See Christopher A. Trickett et al. 2, 17045 (2017). 
 
Image credit: Kyle E. Cordova, Christopher A. Trickett & Omar M. Yaghi",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_5.txt,ave_3,2_5.txt,"Space exploration offers opportunities for scientific discovery, but the materials we use are critical to its success. Materials that can withstand harsh environments, innovations in materials manufacturing and energy-efficient technologies are essential for achieving viable and sustainable space missions, allowing us to explore new worlds. See the Editorial.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_2.txt,multiBv1,9_2.txt,"Universal access to fresh water and modern energy are key to a sustainable and just future. Sorbent materials that capture and release water molecules are at the heart of technologies that turn the Earth’s abundant atmospheric moisture into drinkable water and energy, making these essential resources more accessible to all. See the Editorial
Cover image: Jiaxing Xu, Tingxian Li and Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,"Materials engineering enables the control of water–material interactions in solar vapour generators, which aim to efficiently use solar energy for the cost-effective production of clean water. This Review discusses material-design principles for solar evaporators, spanning from macrostructures to molecular configurations. See Zhao et al
Image: Guihua Yu. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,val
Nature Astronomy,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_2.png,C,"Decoding a galaxy’s past with AI
Constraining the intrinsic and extrinsic stellar mass in a galaxy unlocks its merger history. Here, using the power of artificial intelligence, the authors do this for 10,000 galaxies, finding traits that can be used to characterize even larger samples.
See Angeloudi et al.
Image: Gabriel Pérez Díaz (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), image background: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_3.txt,sbert,8_3.txt,"Fingerprints of streaming instability
The ubiquitous population of Kuiper belt binaries holds clues to the mechanisms driving planetary formation. A 3D hydrodynamical model can reproduce the observed inclination distribution, as well as the dominance of prograde orbits, of Kuiper belt binaries by including planetesimal formation by the streaming instability.
See Nesvorný et al.
Image: Rixin Li, University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"Episodic resonance locking guides planet–star coevolution
Stellar seismology couples with planet migration to excite a series of resonance locks that affect the orbital evolution of planets, especially ‘dormant migrating giants’ that can become hot Jupiters when the star moves off the main sequence.
See de Wit et al.
Image: Carlos Villamil, Wentworth Institute of Technology and Julien de Wit, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2024. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"The long and the short of turbulence
The formation of stars through the collapse of molecular clouds is strongly influenced by turbulence. New high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations reveal the turbulent properties of the interstellar medium from subsonic to supersonic scales, in the process providing quantitative constraints for models of turbulent star formation.
See Federrath et al.
Image: Christoph Federrath, Australian National University Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_9.txt,ave_1,5_9.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.png,D,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_16.png,B,"In drug discovery research, many candidate molecules are prioritized by their computationally predicted binding affinities. To reduce the statistical errors in the predictions, we develop a method of constructing an optimal network of computations that calculate the differences between select pairs of molecules, from which the individual binding affinities are estimated with minimum total statistical variance. Image credit: Yunxing (Stella) Li.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_11.txt,sbert,2022_11.txt,"The viscosity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) holds significant influence across diverse research applications. Understanding and predicting DES viscosity is crucial for advancing various scientific projects. We developed different machine learning models for the prediction of DESs viscosity using the physics-informed input features, and these models help to accelerate the development of novel DESs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"Coarse-grained models typically suffer from tedious parametrization efforts for every new molecule. Here, we apply a combination of physics, chemoinformatics, and prediction algorithms to automate this task. A script quickly provides the force field of any small molecule, ready to be simulated. This provides the means to study a large number of diverse molecules, without the need for a force-field parametrization expert. The image illustrates how the melting pot of small organic molecules is now easily accessible to coarse-grained modelers. See  T. Bereau, K. Kremer, pp 2783–2791.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_7.txt,allv2,2015_7.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,multiBv1,2024_22.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_12.png,D,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,multiBv1,2019_12.txt,"Poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalization (PEGylation) has been demonstrated in a variety of fields including biomedicine. However, the functionalization of poly(PEG methacrylate) [poly(PEGMA)] with appropriate targeting moieties can be challenging. Here we showed numerous amphiphilic block and star copolymers based on an OH functionalized methacrylate monomer (PEGOHMA) prepared using ruthenium-catalyzed living radical polymerization. Protein−polymer conjugates were also easily prepared using these copolymers with the OH groups. Our strategy regarding hydroxy-functionalization of PEGMA-related polymers has potential applications in many fields including contributing to the further development of self-assembled, thermoresponsive, and biomedical PEGylated materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_8.txt,sbert,2019_8.txt,"To have a bactericidal effect, the Young's modulus of nanostructured soft materials needs to be sufficiently high. Differences in the amount of stress exerted on bacterial membranes, generated from the stored elastic energy in flexible pillars, contribute to variations in bactericidal performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_9.txt,allv2,2022_9.txt,"The antibacterial properties of nanosheet-shaped crystalline assemblies of enzymatically synthesized aminated cellulose oligomers (namely, surface-aminated synthetic nanocelluloses) and their synergy with a metal-chelating antibacterial agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, were demonstrated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_2.png,A,"Cation vacancies are beneficial to enhancing the intrinsic OER activity, and oxygen vacancies are in favor of promoting long-term stability. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,", is the surface-reactive intermediate that is responsible for ketonization. The geometry of different CeO2 facets determines the coverage of monodentate propionate and therefore the catalytic activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_20.txt,allv2,2022_20.txt,Strategic incorporation of nucleic bases boosts the catalytic H2 production response by synthetic cobalt complexes in water.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_13.txt,multiBv1,2023_13.txt,"For the Ni10-V-MgAl catalyst, the V promoter simultaneously entered the structure of Ni and the support, enhancing the activation of methane and carbon dioxide, which promoted the catalytic activity under the premise of long-term stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_11.txt,sbert,2021_11.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_2.png,A,"Plants can program and reprogram their genomes to create genetic
variation and epigenetic modifications, leading to phenotypic plasticity. While
consequences of genetic changes are well understood, the basis for transgenerational
inheritance of epigenetic variation remains elusive. Shuai Cao, and Z. Jeffrey Chen
review
contributions of external (environmental) and internal (genomic) factors to initiation
and establishment of epigenetic memory during plant evolution, crop domestication,
and modern breeding. Understanding and harnessing epigenetic inheritance will help
developing effective breeding and biotechnological strategies to improve crop yield
and resilience. The cover image of a scientist pruning a hedge symbolizes the selection
process during domestication aimed at “shaping” optimal plant traits. Image credit:
Grayson Ticer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_2.txt,groundtruth,29_2.txt,"Most high-yielding crops are susceptible to abiotic and biotic stresses,
making them vulnerable to potential effects of climate change. A possible alternative
is
to accelerate the domestication of wild plants tolerant to harsh conditions and enhancing
their yields. However, competition between wild progenitors and newly domesticated
plants may reduce yields. To address this, Pedro M.P. Correia, Javad Najafi, and Michael
Palmgren propose using gene-editing to introduce traits into de novo domesticated
crops and make them visually distinct for weeding robots. By precise editing of key
genes for architectural traits and pigment accumulation, the plants' colors can be
altered. Manipulating these pivotal genes would significantly enhance the accuracy
of
discriminating between newly domesticated crops and their wild counterparts. Advanced
weeding robots could then be trained through machine learning methods to recognize
such signature traits. Image credit: Vibha Duraikkannan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,"The discovery of the CRISPR/Cas genome editing system has revolutionized our understanding
of the plant genome. CRISPR/Cas has been used for over a decade to modify plant genomes
in order to study specific genes and biosynthetic pathways as well as speeding-up
breeding in many plant species. Although the CRISPR/Cas system is very efficient for
genome editing, many bottlenecks and challenges slow down further improvement and
applications. Katrijn Van Laere and colleagues discuss these challenges and review
the opportunities of new CRISPR platforms and specific applications related to gene
regulation, abiotic and biotic stress response improvement, and de novo domestication of plants. The cover shows sick, poorly performing plants (left), and
healthy plants with improved traits (right) that were created with the help of CRISPR/Cas
technology. Image credit: Pouneh Pouramini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_3.txt,ave_3,28_3.txt,"Sustainable agriculture in response to increasing demands for food depends on development
of high-yielding crops with high nutritional value that require minimal intervention
during growth. Focus so far has been on changing plants by introducing genes that
impart new properties, which the plants and their ancestors never possessed. On pages
155–164 Michael G. Palmgren and colleagues suggest another potentially beneficial
and perhaps less controversial strategy that modern plant biotechnology may adopt.
This approach, which broadens earlier approaches to reverse breeding, aims to furnish
crops with lost properties that their ancestors once possessed in order to tolerate
adverse environmental conditions. What molecular techniques are available for implementing
such rewilding? Are the strategies legally, socially, economically, and ethically
feasible? These are questions addressed in the review. Cover design by Susanne C.
Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,val
Nature Aging,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_12.png,B,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,"Brain network desegregation in aging
In this issue, a study by Chan and colleagues longitudinally examined the decline in the organization of brain networks that normally occurs in older adults. They found that it varies in relation to an individual’s educational attainment and that it is correlated to future dementia severity independently of Alzheimer’s disease genetic-risk or pathology. Our issue cover shows the superimposition of a map of Saint Louis in the United States featuring color-coded education-level census data used in the study on top the representation of a brain’s system segregation map in the form of a spring-embedded graph.
See Chan et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Jorge Sepulcre
Cover image: Micaela Chan and Gagan Wig, The University of Texas at Dallas. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,multiBv1,4_2.txt,train
Organometallics,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_4.png,C,"The cover for the special issue “Organometallic Solutions to Challenges in Cross-Coupling” illustrates the process of two coupling partners leading to a cross-coupling product through a carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction, which is often a kinetically slow process and requires high activation energy. However, such a transformation can be favored at a much greater speed by employing a transition metal catalyst (high-speed train vs bike). Some notable catalysts and ligands are highlighted in this special issue. Cover art concept by Professors Deng, Diao, and Tang. See the editorial (DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00361).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2021_11.txt,allv2,2021_11.txt,Metallocene dichlorides bearing adjusted bridging motifs are isolated and the characteristic angles and distances in the solid state compared by SC-XRD. The deviation in catalyst design illustrates the high impact of small changes inside the catalyst system on the performance in the coordinative polymerization of propylene after in situ activation. Cover art created by Dr. Johannes Richers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,"s reactivity trend in activating C(spn)–X bonds mirrors that of a palladium catalyst. Reactivity increases by two distinct mechanisms: i) as the C(spn)–X bond becomes progressively weaker from X = F to Cl to Br to I, resulting in a more facile bond rupture, and ii) as the steric shielding at the pertinent carbon atom diminishes from C(sp3)–X to C(sp2)–X to C(sp)–X, leading to less steric clash and therefore a more stabilizing catalyst–substrate interaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover art vividly depicts the cutting-edge mixed-ligand approach in homogeneous catalysis. It spotlights the interplay between XPhos, essential for C–Cl bond activation, and P(2-MeOC6H4)3 (L1), crucial for C–H activation, both sequentially coordinating with palladium. Their alternating roles in the catalytic cycle unlock exceptional yields in the direct arylation of heteroarenes with aryl chlorides. The artwork embodies the cooperative power of the ligands and their transformative impact on palladium catalysis. The cover art was designed and created by N. Kosaka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2023_1.txt,ave_1,2023_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_11.png,D,"liquid interfacial tension γeff, which suppresses the formation of crystal nuclei and leads to an increase in the nucleation energy barriers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_24.txt,multiBv1,2024_24.txt,"Optical microscope image showing planar, submicron, and nanoscale wires and grooves on the surface of InP(110) prepared by noncongruent sublimation. The circular (moon-like) feature contains high (low) density of Au nanoparticles which sacrifice themselves to form etch pits and running wires. These self-assembled structures were found on many III-V(110) surfaces and observed in situ by low-energy electron microscopy",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_5.txt,sbert,2017_5.txt,"Origami representation of crystallization by enantiomer-specific particle attachment . This crystalline tessellation has the same handedness and merges perfectly at the interface. One can envisage the central unfolded, yet chiral, region linking the crystalline domains acting as a “chiral glue” to attract the two halves together (Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 3573–3576).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2016_6.txt,allv2,2016_6.txt,"The convolution of spatial confinement and interparticle interactions controls the formation of superparticles differing in structure and function, resulting in emergent properties. In this review, Marino et al. discuss recent developments in this topical area spanning length scales of colloidal particle assembly from nano- to micrometers. The cover image was AI-generated using Microsoft Copilot.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
Med,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_2.png,D,"On the cover: Our focus this month is on population health: Pan and colleagues (pp.
168–181) analyze data from the Global Burden of Disease database to assess the burden
of common cancers attributable to metabolic risks, suggesting the possibility of tailored
cancer screening for people with metabolic syndrome; Du and colleagues (pp. 182–190)
determine, through an epidemiological model, that fractional doses of COVID-19 could
be a cost-effective strategy for mitigating the public health costs of mass immunization
against new variants; while Turtle and colleagues (pp. 191–215) report results from
the longitudinal PITCH study observing that broadly cross-reactive T cell responses
to SARS-CoV-2 are well maintained over time—especially in people with hybrid immunity—and
may contribute to continued protection against severe disease. Cover designed by Salvatore
Fabbiano. Cover image adapted from arthobbit/iStock /Getty Images Plus via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_10.txt,allv2,4_10.txt,"On the Cover: Liver diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Therapeutic interventions can be limited, particularly in late-stage diseases that
still rely on organ transplantation. In this issue ofMed, we focus on some of the current approaches to tackling liver disease, from developing
a blood signature to predicting hepatocellular carcinoma risk in individuals with
liver fibrosis to pharmacological approaches in patients with non-alcoholic fatty
liver disease and steatohepatitis. Our cover image reflects the network of complex
interactions that underlies liver health and spotlights recent advances in liver disease
monitoring, progression, and treatment. Cover credit: inkoly/iStock/Getty Images Plus
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"On the cover: Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally and
the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The prognosis for advanced gastric
cancer is poor, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies.
In this issue of Med, Li et al. conducted a phase 2 clinical study to explore the efficacy and safety of combining
two different anti-HER2 antibodies plus XELOX as first-line therapy for patients with
HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. The study reveals that the treatment regimen
significantly extended progression-free survival and improved antitumor response in
these patients, with manageable safety profiles, supporting the clinical benefits
of dual HER2 blockade.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_3.txt,ave_3,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Obesity is a known risk factor for some types of cancers. With the global
rise in overweight and obesity rates, it is important to understand the impact on
cancer incidence. In this issue of Med, Liu et al present an analysis of data from a population-based cancer registry in China covering
14.4 million individuals between 2007–2021. Worryingly, they note an increase in obesity-related
cancers, especially among younger adults. These findings highlight the need for public
health interventions and policies to address obesity as a risk factor and lower premature
mortality rates. Cover credit: d3sign via Moments/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2025_2.png,D,Dynamic mudpot from the Greater Obsidian Pool Area near Mud Volcano in Yellowstone National Park. This mudpot is unofficially named “Pedro’s Tarpit” and changes shape and viscosity from year to year. Here it is pictured in July 2015.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"Nitrate salts are found in both the hyper-arid Atacama Desert in Chile and the Martian regolith. Fernanders et al. measure nitrate salt deliquescence and apply the data to sites in the Atacama, one pictured here, as well as to Gale Crater, Mars. Photo by Diana Boy. Mars image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,The Dallol volcano and its fascinating poly-extreme hydrothermal field are conspicuous features of salt vulcanism driven by dehydration and hydrolysis of highly hydrated minerals interlayered in the 2 km thick evaporitic sequence deposited after the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) was recurrently flooded by the Red Sea. Photograph by Fermin Otálora.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_1.txt,ave_2,2022_1.txt,"The stark and wild Tablelands of Newfoundland, Canada. The environmental conditions present at the Tablelands have produced minerals and materials similar to those found on Mars. The barren yet beautiful landscape is likewise potentially reflective of early Martian conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_5.png,C,"Tuna-dependent economies and climate change
Climate change will shift tuna fish away from the tropics. The study by Bell and colleagues finds two routes to sustaining the tuna-dependent economies of Pacific Small Island Developing States—reducing greenhouse gas emissions or negotiating to maintain the current benefits they receive from tuna.
See Bell et al.
Image: ©ISSF, Fabien Forget. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_3.txt,allv2,4_3.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,multiBv1,7_9.txt,"Sustainable sea urchin aquaculture
The process of obtaining sea urchin gonads, a high-demand culinary delicacy, involves the killing of the organism. Rakaj and colleagues present a sustainable no-kill sea urchin aquaculture method to produce an alternative market product of ‘caviar’ made of eggs produced by female batches.
See Rakaj et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Markets for marine conservation
Some countries have not implemented large-scale Marine Protected Areas for fear of losing significant fisheries revenue. Villaseñor-Derbez and colleagues find that transferable fishing rights and a biomass-based allocation rule can incentivize conservation within a market-based setting.
See Villaseñor-Derbez et al.
Image: Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_10.txt,sbert,3_10.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_394,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_394.png,A,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Undergraduate Education, contains an Editorial Guide as well as three Teaching Resources and the inaugural article for the new STKE Journal Club. [Classroom Image: Jupiter Images]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_394.txt,groundtruth,2007_394.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week launches the first of three issues containing Teaching Resources related to a course in systems biology. The first Teaching Resource in this set provides an overview of the need for such a course and the objectives and organization of such a course taught at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY. [Image: Fotosearch]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_190.txt,allv2,4_190.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Single Molecules contains an Editorial Guide as well as three Perspectives that discuss technical advances that allow cell signaling researchers to zoom in on individual molecules. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_388.txt,multiBv1,2007_388.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Decision-Making, highlights cellular decision-making events (see the Editorial Guide). The image depicts a neuronal stem cell and its potential fates of a glia or a neuron. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_410.txt,ave_3,2007_410.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_1.png,C,"Magnetron co-sputtering unlocks a precise control of chemical composition during a high-pressure synthesis in the diamond anvil cell. Chromium cementite is selectively synthesized at high pressures, demonstrating the potential of this novel method. Artwork created by Scott D. Thiel and James P. S. Walsh.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"In this image we show an immunostained cryosection of an engineered cardiac microtissue, with cardiac troponin T (cardiomyocytes) in green, vimentin (fibroblasts) in red, and nuclei in blue. Dasatinib + Quercetin treatment results in a clearance of senescent fibroblasts and improvement of heart tissue functional parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"RAW 264.7 monocytic cells on the experimental bone composite CP7 under osteoclastic induction. The image demonstrates a reduced number of multinucleated giant cells, suggesting an inhibitory effect of the CP7 on osteoclast formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,This cover features Co-substituted polyoxotungstate anions attached to the surface of TiO2 via aminopropyltriethoxysilane linkers that enable robust covalent binding. The heterogenized clusters serve as an O2 evolution co-catalyst and promote stable light-driven water oxidation catalysis photosensitized by the semiconducting support.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_3.txt,multiBv1,2022_3.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_2.png,C,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Fresh insights for exploiting the immune system's strengths and vulnerabilities
are paving the way to a revolution in cancer treatment. Following FDA approvals of
immune checkpoint antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells, current research
efforts now aim to understand the role of T cell priming and dysfunction in the tumor
microenvironment as well as the influence of other immune regulatory factors, including
the microbiome. Researchers are also investigating the effects of oncolytic viruses
on anti-tumor immunity. The translation of these scientific advances to novel clinical
trials is as rapid and as expansive as ever before, suggesting we have only seen the
tip of the iceberg for cancer immunotherapy. For more details, see the four Perspective
articles and one Review article in this issue. Artwork by Abby Ernst, Penn Medicine.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/33_3.txt,multiBv1,33_3.txt,"On the cover: In their review, Galluzzi and colleagues examine the mechanisms by which malignant cells evade immune elimination through
a novel “three Cs” framework. Camouflage refers to cancer cells’ ability to disguise themselves from the immune system,
preventing recognition as a threat. Coercion involves the direct or indirect inhibition of immune functions by neoplastic
cells, while cytoprotection describes the capacity of malignant cells to withstand cytotoxic agents.
Together, these strategies contribute to immunoevasion and resistance to (immuno)therapy
across various oncological contexts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, Sagnella et al. (pp. 354–370) show that nanocells attack tumors by delivering a
cytotoxin and engaging multiple arms of the immune system. The cytotoxin binds and
kills tumor cells. Dendritic cells and macrophages engulf dying tumor cells and display
tumor-associated antigens that are recognized by CD8+ T cells. Activated CD8+ T cells
home to the tumor, recognizing and killing live tumor cells and augmenting the anti-tumor
effect. The cover is an artistic rendition of the dual roles of the cyto-immunotherapeutic
nanocells. Design: Himanshu Brahmbhatt and Jennifer MacDiarmid. Image: Martin Hale,
Animated Biomedical Productions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/37_4.txt,ave_3,37_4.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_405,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_405.png,C,"COVER This week's issue features a  Perspective on the inositol phosphatase and kinase ITPK1 (inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6 kinase). The image is human ITPK1 based on PDB 2odt. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_4.txt,multiBv1,1_4.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Yu et al. report that ID2 reduces the interferon response by inhibiting the activation of IRF3 and show that mice lacking ID2 are resistant to viral infections. The image shows a section of a lung from an ID2-deficient mouse infected with HSV-1. Credit: Yu et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_715.txt,allv2,15_715.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on variant IFN-α proteins with distinct activities. The image depicts human IFN-α. [Image based on PDB 1rh2.],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_405.txt,groundtruth,2007_405.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, van der Vlist et al. show that type I interferon (IFN) signaling switches the immunoreceptor CD200R from inhibiting to promoting inflammation. These data suggest that this signaling rewiring may contribute to the inflammation seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a prototypical type I IFN disease. The image shows staining of a tissue sample from a patient with SLE. Credit: Biophoto Associates/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_704.txt,sbert,14_704.txt,train
Immunity,57_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_6.png,A,"On the cover: Cerebral interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutières’ Syndrome stem
from chronic activation of the type I interferon response within the central nervous
system, but the mediators of neurotoxicity are poorly defined. Viengkhou et al. identify the cerebral microvasculature as a critical transducer of interferon toxicity
within the brain. Deletion of the type I interferon receptor, IFNAR1, on endothelial
cells not only rescued cerebral vascular disease and restored blood-brain barrier
integrity but also prevented the development of diffuse brain disease, including neurodegeneration.
The devastating neurological changes mediated through cytokine-driven microvascular
disease are depicted as a leaf, full of tiny, delicate microvasculature networks reminiscent
of the human brain, changing from green to autumnal brown. Image by Ben Gartland,
Grant Foster, and Holly Philip.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_6.txt,groundtruth,57_6.txt,"On the cover: Stroke leads to persistently high risk for recurrent vascular events
caused by systemic atheroprogression driven by endothelial cell activation. In this
issue, Liu et al. report that stroke causes persistent activation of endothelial Notch1 signaling in
the periphery. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1 ligands induce a senescent, pro-inflammatory
endothelium that drives post-stroke atheroprogression. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1
ligands are illustrated in the form of falling rocks from the top of a mountain (brain)
and atheroprogression, and the associated blood traffic congestion is depicted as
vehicles accumulating behind the block in the road. Cover image by Mingming Liu and
Qiang Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_4.txt,sbert,57_4.txt,"On the cover: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to important for protection during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mayer-Barber et al. (pages 1023–1034) show an additional critical protective
role for IL-1α and identify two myeloid subsets as the source of these important inflammatory
cytokines in the infected lung. On the cover is an artistic depiction of the heterogeneous
nature of these two pulmonary DC-macrophage subsets, as well as interactions between
antigen-presenting cells and T cells in the lungs of M. tuberculosis (brown)-infected mice. Each colored cell represents a functionally distinct subset
of DCs or monocytes-macrophages and, in case of the smaller round cells, different
CD4+ T helper cell subsets. The myeloid subsets are multifunctional and, in addition to
IL-1α and IL-1β, produce a specific set of cytokines (represented by small, round
particles), which in turn are regulated by interferons from infected cells and T lymphocytes.
Cover art by Katrin Mayer-Barber.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/35_1.txt,multiBv1,35_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lercher et al. (1074) report that type 1 interferons
reprogram hepatocyte metabolism to dampen adaptive immune responses and reduce tissue
damage via systemic metabolite changes. This 3D image depicts the liver at the tissue
level. Hepatocytes are organized around the central veins to form hexagonal hepatic
lobules that are powerhouses of liver metabolism and immune-metabolic regulators upon
infection. Image provided by the Bergthaler laboratory, CeMM.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/51_1.txt,allv2,51_1.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_12.png,C,"In the work highlighted on the cover, Piatkowski and coworkers present recent advances in the field of ultrafast and nonlinear nanophotonics, where ultrafast meets ultrasmall. The use of tailored ultrashort laser pulses enables observation and coherent control of the ultrafast dynamics in plasmonic nanostructures and individual molecules. A typical experiment relies on precise tuning and orchestrating of the specific properties of the laser pulses, in analogy to a puppetry act, where pulling different strings gives access to and control over the puppets' specific motion. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00124. Image courtesy of ICFO\Lukasz Piatkowski & Povarchik Studios Barcelona.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_5.txt,allv2,2016_5.txt,"A conceptual scheme for a photonic–phononic N-emitter–receiver system. The red probe beam at the receiver channel can be modified by the yellow acoustic waves, generated by blue pump beams at the emitter channels. Information transmitted to the receiver can be used as RF signal shaping by manipulating the acoustic wave interference.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_4.txt,ave_2,2022_4.txt,"A pump pulse is used to drive lattice vibration, and a probe pulse accompanied by a reference pulse is used to probe the vibration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Two nanostructured dielectric mirrors form a chiral Fabry-Perot cavity supporting only a right-handed, but not left-handed, standing wave, which selectively couples to chiral optical emitters of the matching handedness.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Lyubetskaya et al. report on their analysis of methods
for spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis of tumor samples in clinical pathology
settings. The cover image depicts spatial patterns of gene expression signatures for
activated stroma in a human pancreatic tumor section. Expression strength is indicated
by color from high (red) to low (blue). Image credit: Brian Rabe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"On the cover: There is a growing need to develop technologies that provide quantitative
information on the spatial location of RNAs and proteins on a single-cell level. In
this issue, Savulescu et al. present DypFISH, a versatile toolbox of analytical techniques
to interrogate single-molecule RNA FISH data in combination with protein immunolabeling.
The cover image represents the localization patterns of various RNAs and proteins,
generated by using the DypFISH technique and compacted into one representative micropatterned
cell resembling a kite. Cover image by Robyn Brackin, Advanced Medical Bioimaging,
Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Current methods for blood flow imaging in deep issues in animal models
require multiple fluorescent tracer injections that can lead to animal stress and
alter the physiological relevance of findings. In this issue, Wang et al. develop
a virus-based method that enables labeling of blood plasma following a single intraperitoneal
or intravenous injection, providing a versatile and cost-effective method for investigating
vasculature function. The cover image depicts fluorescent proteins in the liver for
labeling blood circulation in mice. Cover credit: Antonis Asiminas, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sakamoto et al. develop a semi-automated platform for synthesis of fluorogenic probes that can detect
enzyme activities in the blood at a single-molecule level. The activity-based screening
identifies candidate biomarkers for pancreatic tumors at early stages. In the cover
image, the bloodstream and the enzymes are depicted by the river and the fireflies,
respectively. The background shows the images of synthesized probes and the enzyme
activity assay. Cover art: Dr. Ryo Tachibana, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
The University of Tokyo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.txt,groundtruth,4_12.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.png,C,"On the cover: Two papers in this issue from Sun et al. (pages 624–633) and Li et al.
(pages 634–645) look at the relationship between neuronal activity and neurogenesis
defects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. The cover image shows newly generated
granule cells (GCs) in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus. The photo
was captured by Binggui Sun and modified by Alisha Wilson, Li Gan, and Brian Halabisky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/5_1.txt,ave_1,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Production of new neurons in the adult brain goes down with age and
this decline may underlie age-related cognitive impairment. In this issue Encinas
et al. (pages 566–579) show that aging is associated with the decrease in the number
of neural stem cell in the hippocampus. These cells disappear, after a rapid series
of divisions, via their conversion into astrocytes. The image depicts stem cells (teal)
and neuronal nuclei (yellow), with the autumn trees with falling leaves symbolizing
the loss of cells during aging. Image created by Elena Nikanorova, Ann-Shyn Chiang,
and Grigori Enikolopov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_2.txt,allv2,8_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shen and Zaballa et al. report on using Yamanaka factors (YF) for partial reprogramming in the mouse brain.
During development, YF induction results in increased neural proliferation, cortex
expansion, and improved behavior. Similar induction at adult stages improves neuron
plasticity and prevents the development of several Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks.
The cover image depicts a white, leafless winter tree that represents the aging neuron.
A segment of a branch, drawn in green with pink flowers, symbolizes the effects of
partial reprogramming in the brain, suggesting new neuron growth and rejuvenation.
Cover composed by Julia Kuhl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, two papers look at how Wnt signaling contributes to the
regulation of adult neurogenesis. Jang et al. (pp. 215–223) show that secreted frizzled-related
protein 3 (sFRP3) regulates stem cell activation and neuronal development in the adult
mouse hippocampus and plays an essential role in activity-induced neurogenesis. Seib
et al. (pp. 204–214) identify increased expression of the Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in the
hippocampus during aging and show that deletion of Dkk1 can reverse the decline in
neurogenesis and cognitive ability usually seen as animals age. The illustration on
the cover shows sFRP3 (blurry yellow circles in the background) being released from
mature dentate granule neurons (yellow), which affects the activation of radial glia-like
neural stem cells (cyan) and their development. Artwork created by Heechul Jun, Veneliza
Salcedo, and Mi-Hyeon Jang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/12_5.txt,multiBv1,12_5.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_5.png,A,"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the
most widespread global chronic liver disease. This month, Miao et al. (pp. 697–707)
discuss the hepatic and extrahepatic health outcomes of MASLD, its epidemiology
and economic burden on healthcare systems, calling for new public health strategies
to reduce the impact of this condition. On the cover, the steatotic liver, shackled
above the earth, symbolizes the heavy global burden of MASLD. Its scars and nodules
indicate the disease progression to steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, or even cirrhosis.
The
red alert serves as a reminder to focus on this urgent issue and calls for attention
from
the whole world. Cover credit: concept design from Ming-Hua Zheng and Lei Miao;
illustration/colourisation from Peng Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_5.txt,groundtruth,35_5.txt,"Overweight and obesity are strong promoters of fatty liver, a metabolic disorder that
can range from simple steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis
and hepatocellular carcinoma. In recent years, a link between intestinal microbiota
and host metabolism has been established and dysbiosis is now believed to play an
active role in the metabolic dysregulation seen in obesity and its complications,
including metabolic liver disease and NASH. On pages 537–545 of this issue, Tilg et al. offer a mechanistic view based on rodent and human studies on how obesity-dysregulated
microbiota might interfere with innate immunity resulting in chronic inflammation,
thus contributing to the development of metabolic liver disease. Cover image: artistic
rendition of gut flora. iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_2.txt,multiBv1,24_2.txt,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,ave_3,35_7.txt,"Ceramides are sphingolipids that have been linked to insulin resistance, obesity,
cytokines and lipotoxicity, all of which are central to the etiopathogenesis of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH). Recent data also suggest a role for ceramide in alcoholic
liver disease. In pages 365–371 of this issue and on the cover, Kirwan and colleagues
suggest that ceramides, in the presence of other key ``ingredients'' like saturated
lipids (even in absence of alcohol), cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6 and FAS (in the
background), in addition to insulin resistance (sugar on the cocktail shaker) and
obesity (the obese gentleman) could provide an environment (the bar and cocktail)
conducive for development and histological progression of fatty liver (in the glass)
from NAFLD to NASH. Image by Joseph Pangrace, Center for Medical Art and Photography
- CCEI.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/23_7.txt,allv2,23_7.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_4.png,A,"Bacteria and neutrophil extracellular traps drive dental calculi
This issue highlights a near-infrared dye for fluorescence-guided tumour resection and the assessment of wound healing, an inexpensive light-sheet fluorescence microscope for the high-resolution imaging of cleared and living samples at scale, transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for a transcription factor, an analysis of neuroimaging data across mental health, neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnostic categories, that blocking the mechanical sensor PIEZO1 in cytotoxic T lymphocytes augments their cytotoxicity against tumour cells, and that bacteria-mediated resistance of neutrophil extracellular traps to enzymatic degradation drives the formation of dental calculi.
The cover illustrates that the development of dental calculi involves bacteria in local mature biofilms converting the DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps from being degradable by the enzyme DNase I to being degradation-resistant.
See Wan et al.
Image: Mei-chen Wan, The Fourth Military Medical University. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Elasticity-guided piezoelectric biopsy needles
This issue highlights needle-shaped piezoelectrics for discriminating abnormal and healthy tissue, deep learning for predicting cardiovascular risk factors from retinal images, painless microneedle-based blood draws, a simpler growth-factor-free stem-cell culture system, and ultralow-input microfluidics for profiling brain methylomes.
The cover illustrates a biopsy needle with mounted piezoelectrics for distinguishing tumour and healthy tissue via variations in tissue modulus.
See Yu et al.
Image: Seyed M. M. Basri, Shahid Beheshti University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_10.txt,sbert,2_10.txt,"A microphysiological model of fungal infection of the brain
This issue highlights the production of humanized skeletal muscle in human:pig chimaeras, skeletal muscle regeneration via the chemical induction and expansion of myogenic stem cells, the regeneration of infarcted mouse hearts via the direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts, the reprogramming of tumour cells into cancer stem cells on hydrogels, a protocol for the expansion of human limb-bud-like mesenchymal cells forming cartilaginous-like tissue, and various microphysiological systems for the identification of candidate antiviral therapeutics, for the modelling of fungal infection of the brain, for the evaluation of stem cell therapies for ischaemic stroke, and for the characterization of the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic duct-like organoids.
The cover illustrates a neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip with a functional blood–brain barrier for the recapitulation of the neurotropism of the most common pathogen causing fungal meningitis.
See Kim et al.
Image: Seung-Woo Cho and Jin Kim, Yonsei University, and Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_5.txt,multiBv1,5_5.txt,"Arraying neutrophil swarms
This issue highlights technology for the characterization of human-neutrophil swarming, and also includes advances in non-destructive histopathology, the biophysics of ageing, oligonucleotide cloning probes and Matrigel substitutes.
The cover shows a snapshot of the swarming of human neutrophils on a microscale array (Article).
Image by Eduardo Reátegui & Daniel Irimia (MGH)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_2.png,D,"Universal dynamics out of equilibrium
The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology.
See Huh et al. and Prüfer
Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"Cell doublet pirouette
Cells can pair up and form a rotating doublet. Linjie Lu and collaborators have shown that these rotations are spontaneously caused by an uneven distribution of myosin within cell cortices. This polarized distribution breaks the mirror symmetry of the doublet. These results highlight how active mechanical forces drive collective cell motion.
See Lu et al.
Image: Linjie Lu, Tristan Guyomar, and Daniel Riveline (IGBMC-University of Strasbourg). Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Two-state cell migration
Two-state micropatterns offer a unique platform to study cell migration. An equation of motion is inferred from a large ensemble of trajectories, revealing key differences in the nonlinear dynamics of healthy and cancerous cells.
See Broedersz et al.
Image: Christoph Hohman, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_7.txt,multiBv1,15_7.txt,"Cellular energy budget
How cells manage the internal energetic budget to drive mechanical and chemical dynamics is still an open question. Sheng Chen and collaborators show that the allocation of energy depends on how far the cell is from thermodynamic equilibrium.
See Sheng Chen et al.
Image: William Bement (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Sheng Chen (Yale University), Michael Murrell (Yale University). Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_4.png,D,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"Leptospermum honey bioactivity is defined by methylglyoxal concentration in the honey, which has been shown to correlate with dihydroxyacetone (DHA) concentration in the nectar from which the honey is derived. A new UPLC-MS/MS method is established to detect and quantify DHA, glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels in Leptospermum scoparium nectar. Aerial image by ACI.CAPTURE.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_2.txt,ave_3,2021_2.txt,"The functional exploitation of wild medicinal plants by local stakeholders requires an in-depth quali–quantitative knowledge of their specialized metabolites. This is mandatory for pursuing sustainable and innovative value chains. In this context, field marigold from five neighboring Cilento coast locations represents our study case.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_8.png,B,"Voyager 1 in the interstellar medium
Voyager 1’s Plasma Wave System previously relied on coronal mass ejection-driven shock excitation of plasma to measure the density of the medium through which it was passing. However, as reported here, a very weak, narrowband, plasma oscillation has now been identified that enables the continuous measurement of the density of the interstellar medium beyond the heliosphere.
See Ocker et al.
Image: Jack Madden, Rhode Island School of Design. Cover Design:Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_5.txt,multiBv1,5_5.txt,"Warm water cycle reprocesses interstellar matter
The JWST detection of highly excited rotational lines from the hydroxyl radical in an irradiated planet-forming disk indicates an active water cycle in the disk upper layers. This cycle could process the Earth’s oceans’ worth of material in weeks, resetting diagnostic isotope ratios, for instance.
See Zannese et al.
Image: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), the PDRs4All ERS Team . Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Multi-phase tails tell energy transfer tales
Multi-wavelength data are key to understanding the energy transfer between intra-cluster gas and different phases of interstellar media that are stripped from galaxies during interactions in cluster environments. This optical image has been complemented with X-ray and submillimetre images in order to study the correlation between the warm, hot and cold phases of the stripped gas.
See Sun et al.
Image: Ming Sun (The University of Alabama in Huntsville), Sunil Laudari (The University of Alabama in Huntsville); NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_11.txt,sbert,6_11.txt,"Mapping out a magnetohydrodynamic wind
A MUSE map of the [O I] λ6300 line within 1 au of young star TW Hydrae reveals an outflow with the hallmarks of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) disk wind. The presence of this MHD wind has implications for the disk dispersal process and poses questions about the role of photoevaporation in disk dispersal.
See Fang et al.
Image: Dawei Li (Xiamen University). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_5.txt,allv2,7_5.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_8.png,A,"On the cover: VelvetSDE simulations of early neural progenitors differentiating into
motor neurons, V3 interneurons, and floor plate cells, coloured by fate and visualised
in PCA space of VelvetSDE latent space representation. Maizels et al. present methods for dynamical modeling from single-cell transcriptomics: an experimental
protocol for metabolic labeling that provides increased data quality with single-cell
temporal resolution and a generative modeling framework for velocity inference that
outperforms other tools and provides trajectory simulations that capture dynamical
aspects of cell fate decisions. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_8.txt,groundtruth,15_8.txt,"On the cover: A colony of mouse embryonic stem cells is stained for the transcription
factors Oct4 (green) and Nanog (red) and nuclei (blue) and depicted three times for
artistic purposes. These factors are stochastically expressed within the colony, indicating
that the ES cell identity is highly dynamic. Using tools from statistical mechanics
and computational methods developed by Chan et al. (pp. 251–267), Stumpf et al. (pp.
268–282) find differentiation is well described as a stochastic process with “memory.”",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/5_4.txt,ave_2,5_4.txt,"On the cover: As cells proliferate during development or in disease, their molecular
state, characterized for example by the expression levels of the master regulator
genes, changes continually over time. These complex dynamics are depicted in the figure
as a tree with thick sinewy branches. At each cell division, a branch splits into
two, reflecting the shared dynamical trajectory of the two daughter cells up to the
point of their parent's division. The full dynamics are not easily accessible using
current experimental techniques; however, high-throughput techniques allow us to obtain
an accurate snapshot at the final time-point (shown in the figure as the smFISH image
slicing through the end of the tree). In this issue, Hormoz et al. (pp. 419–433) present
a computational framework and an experimental platform for inferring what unfolds
on the full tree from the static snapshot and the lineage relationships of the cells.
Lineage tree of the cells is depicted as the shadow of the tree, where knowledge of
the molecular details of the dynamics is lost but the branching structure of the tree
is retained. Their approach is applied to uncover the dynamics of cell state transitions
in embryonic stem cells in culture.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"On the cover: A wave of gene-expression states, traveling from bottom right to top
left, in a field of communicating cells. Each circle is a cell, and the colors represent
gene-expression states. The image was produced by vertically stacking temporally adjacent
snapshots of a simulation so that the uppermost layer (protruding out of the page)
shows the present and the layers below it (going into the page) successively show
the future. Each stack of cells (present to future) is identical to its diagonally
(towards northwest) adjacent, underlying stack of future cells—a hallmark of dynamic
spatial patterns such as waves that coherently transmit information across space.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Dang et al. (82–98) developed a theory to determine how cells can form dynamic spatial
patterns by communicating with diffusible molecules and a software package for simulating
this communication. Image by Max A. Betjes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_6.txt,multiBv1,10_6.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.png,B,"ATG9 scrambles lipids
Structural and functional analyses reveal that ATG9 is a lipid scramblase that transports phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets in liposomes and promotes autophagosome membrane expansion.
See Articles by Noda and Otomo.
Image Credit: ra-photos / E+ / Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_1.txt,allv2,27_1.txt,"Remodeling membranes into phagophore-like cups
Using multiple imaging techniques, both in vitro and in vivo, Mohan, Moparthi et al. show that LCB3 works with the ATG121–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex to remodel flat membranes into membrane cups, providing insights into membrane remodeling processes needed for phagophore formation in non-selective autophagy.
See Mohan, Moparthi et al.
Image: Ann Manner / DigitalVision / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,"The scoop on γTuRC
Studies by Aher et al. and Dendooven et al. reveal the structure of the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) and show that it acts as a perfect template for 13-protofilament microtubules during nucleation.
See Aher et al. and Dendooven et al.
Image credit: Olivia Grigorita/500px/Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_6.txt,multiBv1,31_6.txt,"PDB 50th anniversary: celebrating the future of structural biology
In honour of the 50th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank, we and our colleagues at Nature Methodspresent a special online Collection that celebrates the past and future of structural biology.
See Editorial
Image: Cross-section through a B-cell showing release of antibodies. Illustration by David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, published 2009 by Springer Nature. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_8.txt,ave_3,28_8.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_2.png,C,The SARS-CoV-2 N-protein considerably speeds up the in vitro formation of amyloid fibrils by α-synuclein and seems to disturb α-synuclein proteostatis in live cells. These findings point toward direct interactions between the N-protein and,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_24.txt,allv2,2022_24.txt,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"Amyloid fibrils can be generated from a large range of food proteins, which may directly contact disease-associated amyloidogenic proteins in certain scenarios, such as for medical applications or individuals with digestive disorders. In this study, we show the biological effects of food amyloid fibrils when exposed to a series of conventional cell lines.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Possible colocalization of amyloidogenic peptides, in this case, α-synuclein with mitochondria. The article reviews the possible mechanisms of amyloidogenic peptides such as α-synuclein or Aβ1-42 that may be involved in regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. Immunofluorescent labeling of α-synuclein (green), an amyloid peptide, performed with an anti-α-synuclein antibody. Mitochondria (red) are labeled with Mitotracker staining. Image credit: Duygu Gezen-Ak and Erdinç Dursun.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_6.txt,ave_2,2022_6.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_8.png,B,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_9.txt,allv2,2025_9.txt,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"The image depicts the three levels of scale associated with the production of artificial two-dimensional protein arrays: ribbon structure of the designed protomer, architecture of the self-assembled array, and micrograph of a resulting nanosheet.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2015_5.txt,ave_2,2015_5.txt,"An artist's rendering of a carbon nanotube forming a coil. Nanotubes grow up from a substrate and can form defect-free coils in situ, similar to the coiling of falling ropes. These coils have free ends, allowing for electrical contact. The inset shows a cross-sectional TEM image of such a coil, which is highly ordered and comprised of 74 turns with identical diameter and chirality. Nitzan Shadmi, Anna Kremen, Yiftach Frenke, Zachary J. Lapin, Leonardo D. Machado, Sergio B. Legoas, Ora Bitton, Katya Rechav, Ronit Popovitz-Biro, Douglas S. Galvão, Ado Jorio, Lukas Novotny, Beena Kalisky, and Ernesto Joselevich. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2016_9.txt,ave_3,2016_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_1.png,B,"Targeting transcription factors, inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"Targeting the TNF and TNFR superfamilies, inspired by the Review on p939.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,"Targeting chromatin remodellers, inspired by the Review on p661.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_4.txt,ave_2,23_4.txt,"The PROTACtable genome, inspired by the Perspective on p789.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_3.txt,sbert,20_3.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_1.png,D,"Gallium nitride (GaN), which has been intensively utilized as a blue-light source as a bulk, is now realized as a colloidal nanocrystal. The cover art illustrates the light conversion from ultraviolet to blue-color emission through colloidal GaN quantum dots doped with Zn metal ions.  For more information, see “Blue Emission of α‑GaN Colloidal Quantum Dots via Zn Doping” by Yun Chang Choi, Hyunjin Kim, Chiho Lee, Juhee Son, Hionsuck Baik, Sungnam Park, Jaekyun Kim, and Kwang Seob Jeong* (Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b05193).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2019_10.txt,ave_3,2019_10.txt,"The perovskite Cs2NaBiCl6:Mn2+ is shown in the lower left, where the BiCl6 (blue) and MnCl6 (yellow) octahedra act as sensitizer and activator, respectively.  When exposed to near-UV light, Cs2NaBiCl6:Mn emits yellow-orange light as the photograph of a crystal illuminated by UV light in the upper right illustrates.  The ease of synthesis, use of inexpensive, nontoxic reagents, and stability of the host lattice make Cs2NaBiCl6:Mn2+ attractive for use in solid state white lighting applications.  For more information, see “Cs2NaBiCl6:Mn2+",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2019_20.txt,multiBv1,2019_20.txt,"Nitridomagnesoaluminates such as  M[Mg2Al2N4] (M = Ca,Sr,Ba)  show intense red luminescence under irradiation with blue light and complement  recently published narrow band red-emitting materials which are discussed as  next-generation LED phosphor materials. Deep investigation of the observed anomalous luminescence properties in M[Mg2Al2N4]  (M = Ca,Sr,Ba) is essential to understand the correlations  between all of these structurally related red emitters, which are fundamental  to design narrow band luminescence of Eu2+ systems. For more  information, see “Group (III) Nitrides M[Mg2Al2N4]  (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu) and Ba[Mg2Ga2N4]-Structural  Relation and Nontypical Luminescence Properties of Eu2+ Doped  Samples” by Philipp Pust, Frauke Hintze, Cora Hecht, Volker Weiler, Andreas  Locher, Daniela Zitnanska, Sascha Harm, Detlef Wiechert, Peter J. Schmidt, and  Wolfgang Schnick* (Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 6113–6119). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2014_4.txt,allv2,2014_4.txt,"A new cluster compound of RuSn6In6O16 crystallizes as orange crystals with Ru2+ and Sn2+ in the RuSn6 cluster, while the oxide layer is occupied by In3+. Despite the orange color of the crystals, the compound exhibits blue emission with a significant blue shift from its expected orange fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.png,D,"Exploring the association between stress and metabolic disease, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.txt,allv2,20_8.txt,"Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p447.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.txt,sbert,20_5.txt,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.png,C,"The design of magnetic molecules for applications in, for example, data storage, quantum information or spintronics, requires the preservation and control of spins. This calls for a deep understanding of how molecules interact with their environment — electromagnetic fields, molecular vibrations, other magnetic molecules. The problem concerns many degrees of freedom, but state-of-the-art ab initio computations combined with data driven approaches to materials modelling can be integrated into multiscale strategies in order to define design rules for magnetic molecules. See Lunghi and Sanvito
Image: Alessandro Lunghi and Stefano Sanvito, Trinity College Dublin; Carl Conway. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_2.txt,sbert,6_2.txt,"By mimicking the structure of cells, single- or multi-compartmented molecular nanoreactors have been developed. In their shells and pores of tuneable dimensions, catalytic sites can be embedded, making such nanoreactors a customisable material with applications in fields as diverse as phase separation, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, and bioengineering. For a discussion on the chemistry behind such nanoreactors, see Ma et al.
Image: Dongyuan Zhao; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.txt,multiBv1,8_1.txt,"Inserting atoms, ions or molecules between the pristine molecular layers of a 2D material can have a remarkable effect on its properties. Such fine tuning can be exploited to optimize the properties of these materials for applications in thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. The intercalation process can be studied in real-time by in situ imaging and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The cover image illustrates a typical intercalation process of foreign species moving into the gaps between a layered material. See Yang et al.
Cover Image: Ruijie Yang, Zhiyuan Zeng. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"2D allotropes often exhibit peculiar properties. Although graphene — which can be isolated from the naturally occurring layered bulk counterpart, graphite — is the most popular representative of this class of materials, the library of 2D materials is being significantly expanded to elemental species like borophene, silicene and phosphorene that offer unique structures and functions.
Image and design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Waas et al. develop an accessible, low-input proteomics platform called DROPPS. The cover image
is an artistic rendering of the proteomics platform where the disco balls, generated
from heatmaps, represent cellular heterogeneity. Image credit: Matthew Waas, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_9.txt,allv2,4_9.txt,"On the cover: There is a growing need to develop technologies that provide quantitative
information on the spatial location of RNAs and proteins on a single-cell level. In
this issue, Savulescu et al. present DypFISH, a versatile toolbox of analytical techniques
to interrogate single-molecule RNA FISH data in combination with protein immunolabeling.
The cover image represents the localization patterns of various RNAs and proteins,
generated by using the DypFISH technique and compacted into one representative micropatterned
cell resembling a kite. Cover image by Robyn Brackin, Advanced Medical Bioimaging,
Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_4.txt,multiBv1,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Computational methods to extract the information of the numerous single-particle
trajectories (SPTs) are currently limited. In this issue, Parutto et al. present fast
algorithms, available as an ImageJ plugin, for automated analysis of SPTs, providing
insights on subcellular organization of organelles in the range of tens to hundreds
of nanometers that have been previously inaccessible. The cover image shows the workflow
of this analysis pipeline reconstructing the endoplasmic reticulum network of a COS7
cell from lysosome trajectories generated by TIRF microcopy. Cover credit: Jennifer
Heck and Pierre Parutto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Quarles et al. present a method for high-throughput cryosectioning of hundreds of C. elegans in a single block, enabling improved access to antigens for immunostaining. As shown
in the cover image, they use this method to establish C. elegans as a multicellular model for studying the function of inorganic polyphosphate (depicted
in green). Image courtesy of Ellen Quarles.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.png,A,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The BBB crossing ability and thioamide-to-amide regioselective transformation of CM2 probe allowed unambiguous and differential detection, imaging and quantification of HOCl in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and wild-type (WT) mice brains. This study established and validated the elevated level of HOCl (green) proximally localized with amyloid plaques (red) in the AD mouse brain as reliable marker to expand the repertoire of biomarkers for diagnosis of AD. Image credit: Thimmaiah Govindaraju",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_1.txt,allv2,2019_1.txt,"A silver-metallized gold nanorods multicolorimetric sensor array, designed to detect and discriminate dopaminergic agents for assessing nervous system disorders, yielded significant results in simultaneous detection and discrimination of benserazide (Benz), levodopa (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"An immunofluorescence study of postmortem brain tissue from the temporal cortex of an 89 year old woman with Braak stage V/VI Alzheimer's disease stained with antibodies to Aβ protein (green) and hydroxynonenal-modified histidine (HNE-His) residues (red). HNE is an oxidative degradation product of arachidonic acid that may be produced by redox cycling of Aβ-copper complexes, and that spontaneously reacts with histidine side chains by Michael addition. The diameter of the red ring is approximately 20 μm. Art Designer: Ian V. J. Murray, Ph.D.  (St. George's University).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2016_10.txt,ave_2,2016_10.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_10.png,C,"Speeding up blood flow scans
4D MRI scans can be used to track cardiovascular blood flow over time, and are important for diagnosing a range of cardiovascular diseases. The cover image in this issue shows blood flow reconstructed from these scans by a deep variational neural network developed by Vishnevskiy and colleagues. This approach may speed up diagnostic workflows, allowing clinicians to view blood flow in close to real-time.
See Vishnevskiy et al.
Image: V.Vishnevskiy and S.Kozerke. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_9.txt,allv2,2_9.txt,"Evolving neural units
While neural network architectures are often said to be inspired by the brain, many design choices and optimizations are usually made by researchers. Evolutionary approaches to machine learning attempt to efficiently optimize these architectures through evolution. The cover image shows work by Bertens and Lee, who take a step further towards biological realism by proposing evolvable neural units that can mimic individual neuronal compartments and learning rules. Also in this issue, Tanneberg and colleagues use evolutionary training to learn robust and scalable algorithms.
See Bertens and Lee
Image: Donguk Kim, Scapiens. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"Learning phenotypes from cardiac geometry
Understanding the genetic factors that underlie the normal variation in cardiac shape is of great interest. In this work, Bonazzola et al. apply unsupervised geometric deep learning to phenotype the left ventricle by using an MRI-derived three-dimensional mesh representation (as depicted on the cover). The authors show that this approach boosts genetic discovery and provides deeper insights into the genetic underpinnings of cardiac morphology.
See Bonazzola et al.
Image: Rodrigo Bonazzola, University of Leeds. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"Hypergraphs for computational genomics
The complexity of biological mechanisms requires analysis of gene expression over many cell and tissue types to understand the cause of diseases. The cover image shows a network of interconnected tissues in a human silhouette, symbolizing the hypergraph factorization approach of Viñas and colleagues in this issue, which integrates gene expression information from multiple collected tissues of an individual and imputes missing data.
See Ramon Viñas et al.
Image: Ramon Viñas, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.png,A,"On the cover: Gu et al. report their observation of a sandwich-like ternary electron donor-acceptor complex
between electron-deficient aryl halides, a guanidine base, and tetrahydrofuran. The
cover image highlights the visible light absorption characteristics of this intriguing
donor-acceptor complex and its structural resemblance to a mouth-watering sandwich.
The strategy reported provides facile conditions for access to various alkyl aryl
ethers toward applications in fine chemical synthesis. The cover design was created
by Jiayi Gu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Li et al. report an angstrom-scale channel membrane embedded with supramolecular
coordination complexes using a directional bonding strategy. The supramolecular channel
membrane allows the rapid transport of monovalent metal ions while inhibiting the
migration of divalent ions, with a high K+/Mg2+ selectivity ratio of 1,015.5. The cover image depicts the efficient ion-sieving application
of the supramolecular channel membrane. Image credit: Runhao Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_8.txt,sbert,4_8.txt,"On the cover: The design of covalent organic frameworks with pre-determined structures
for uranium capture remains challenging. Zhang et al investigate the structure-directing
effect of intramolecular interactions in hydroxyl group functionalized COFs, showing
that the atomic arrangements are determined by the competition among conjugation,
aromaticity, hydrogen bonding, and steric effects. Image by L.Z.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"On the cover: The oxygen evolution reaction holds promise for sustainable green hydrogen
production. This portrait depicts the application of refined key design principles
reported by García-Melchor et al. to computationally screen catalysts for this reaction.
By combining a library of organic ligands with earth-abundant metals, the digitally
manufactured complexes led to the identification of three promising Cr-based candidates
for experimental realization, one of which is highlighted in this cover image. Image
by Mr. Eric Mates-Torres, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_393,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_393.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article in which a computational docking approach identified the interaction between a Gβγ dimer and a potassium channel. The image shows the various conformations that were identified for Gβγ as translucent images, with the best-scoring conformation shown docked onto the channel. The channel is a tetramer, with the two subunits that interact with Gβγ shown in magenta and cyan and the two noninteracting subunits shown in gray. [Image: Rahul Mahajan, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_288.txt,ave_1,6_288.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on regulation of vesicle release by a voltage-gated potassium channel. The image depicts interaction of the Kv2.1 channel with the vesicle fusion machinery. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_393.txt,groundtruth,2007_393.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Carden et al. report that the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 is a potential druggable host factor for inhibiting the lytic replication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The image shows a molecular model of the KSHV capsid.   Credit: Louise Hughes/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_845.txt,multiBv1,17_845.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Perspective on coupling exocytosis to endocytosis through membrane insertion of calcium channels. The image depicts a vesicle containing a calcium channel that fuses with the membrane, thereby enabling a calcium signal to initiate endocytosis. [Image: Yana Greenman, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_102.txt,allv2,2_102.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_4.png,B,novel chimeric lysins which were the fusion of bacteriophage lysins and novel antimicrobial peptide LeuA-P were,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_40.txt,allv2,2021_40.txt,"This study investigates a novel antimicrobial peptide AtR905 derived from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus, which was successfully expressed in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The crystal structure of Gram-negative Brenneria levansucrase complexed with sucrose was determined. Two mutants including A154S and H327A were studied in detail. Strikingly, a ""switch"" role of residue 327 was reasonably proposed because the mutant H327 would exclusively produce FOSs rather than polymer compared to the wild-type enzyme.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_36.txt,sbert,2022_36.txt,Novel pyrazole carboxylate derivatives containing thiazole showed remarkable antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea and Valsa mali,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_22.txt,multiBv1,2021_22.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_6.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p467
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_5.txt,allv2,23_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p631
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_2.txt,ave_3,20_2.txt,"Inspired by the Reviews on p460 and p476
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p461
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/21_5.txt,ave_2,21_5.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_8.png,B,"Mutualistic symbiosis between soil-borne fungi and tree roots play an essential role
in forest health and productivity. The comparative analysis of two symbiotic fungi
genomes, those of Laccaria bicolor and Tuber melanosporum, is now providing insights
into the genetic foundation of this lifestyle. On pages 14–22 of this issue, Plett
and Martin discuss our current understanding of the genetic basis of this intimate
association.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_12.txt,sbert,27_12.txt,"Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic filter-feeding animals that live in
freshwater habitats worldwide. In this issue, Wilson et al. discuss how recombination
interlinks with three strange features of bdelloids: high levels of horizontal gene
acquisition, stress-tolerance, and an apparent lack of males. This individual of the
species Rotaria macrura is about 500 μm long, is attached to floating debris from a
pond in Hattingen, Germany, and was collected and photographed by Michael Plewka.
It is feeding using the ciliated discs (corona) on either side of its red eye-spots.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_8.txt,groundtruth,40_8.txt,"The establishment of color patterning provides a system to study diversity, evolution
and ecology. Reef fish offer a great model to study color patterning because they
are ecologically and phylogenetically diverse and have the largest variety of pigment
cell types known in vertebrates. On pages 265–278 in this issue, Laudet et al. offer an Eco/Evo/Devo perspective as to how the study of reef fish color patterning
can bring unique insights into the evolution of complex phenotypes. The cover shows
an image of a clownfish, aka Nemo. Cover image by Loïc Honoré.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/35_10.txt,multiBv1,35_10.txt,"Adaptive radiation is a burst of speciation starting from a single ancestor, often
in response to changes in the environment that open up new niches, which are then
filled by novel species. Although there are several well-known examples, such as Darwin’s
finches and the cichlid fish, we are only now beginning to look at how the genomes
of these species change during this process. On pages 491–499, Daniel Berner and Walter
Salzburger, review recent genomic studies that aim to shed light on how the phenotypic
differences observed in adaptive radiation arise. The cover image shows a collection
of endemic cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika in East Africa, which are part of a collection
established by the authors at the Zoological Institute of the University of Basel.
Image courtesy of Robert Hubert.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_4.txt,allv2,31_4.txt,test
Nature Geoscience,17_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_12.png,C,"Pollution in the night
Measurements show that night-time production of atmospheric nitrate radicals increased in China but decreased in Europe and the USA from 2014 to 2019. This suggests the increasing contribution of night-time atmospheric oxidation in China — and potentially other developing countries — to air pollution. The image shows Beijing at night with bright lights corresponding with sites of active anthropogenic emissions.
See Lu et al.
Image: Huang Dengyi, Institute for Planets. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/16_10.txt,multiBv1,16_10.txt,"Planetary materials reveal variation in iron isotope composition across planetary bodies. Experiments suggest that this variation can be explained by varying degrees of fractionation during core formation, depending on temperature. The image shows a scanning electron microscope image of an iron isotope exchange experiment: a bright semi-spherical metal which simulates a planets core is found next to a grey, quenched silicate, representing a magma ocean. The black region is the graphite sample container.
Article p317
IMAGE: STEPHEN M. ELARDO
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/10_9.txt,sbert,10_9.txt,"Rare earth elements in circulation
Mobilization of in-use rare earth element stocks in regions of high consumption can ease dependence on regions of rare earth element extraction, according to dynamic integrated modelling combining material flow and scenario analysis. The satellite image shows wind turbines offshore Jiangsu, China, that have magnets containing substantial rare earth elements, representing a potential urban mine for reuse.
See Chen et al.
Image: Chang Guang Satellite Technology. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_12.txt,groundtruth,17_12.txt,"The processes that create economic-grade accumulations of metals above magma chambers are unclear. High-temperature laboratory experiments show that rapid reactions between magmatic gases and Earth's crust can trigger efficient metal deposition. The image shows the Grasberg Copper-Gold-Silver porphyry deposit in Papua, Indonesia, which contains reserves of well over 24 Mt of copper and 2,000 t of gold.
Letter p210; News & Views p168
IMAGE: KURT FRIEHAUF
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_10.txt,allv2,8_10.txt,val
Cell Systems,15_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_4.png,C,"On the cover: Illustration of a microbial community. In this issue of Cell Systems, Wang et al. show that optimizing metabolic specialization and versatility of individuals within
a microbial consortium yields a metabolic division of labor configuration with the
highest function. Image credit: Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_12.txt,allv2,15_12.txt,"On the cover: Exo-metabolome dynamics of co-cultured Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. Ponomarova et al show that low-cost amino acids secreted by yeast (dark brown bell-shaped
curves) enable the survival of lactic acid bacteria in nitrogen-rich environments
(pp. 345–357). The study illustrates how metabolomics, network modeling, and genetics
can be used together to decipher the ecological relationships between microorganisms
in complex natural environments.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/5_3.txt,ave_2,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Droplets containing algae and bacteria on a kChip microfluidic chip.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Gopalakrishnappa et al. use high-throughput screening of >100,000 algae-bacteria communities in ∼525 environments
and find that pH, buffering capacity, and carbon source identity modulate algae-bacteria
interactions by impacting the dependence of growth on nutrient availability. Image
credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_4.txt,groundtruth,15_4.txt,"On the cover: Cell-type-specific bioelectric response. In this issue of Cell Systems, Colin Comerci, Alan Gillman et al. (p. 488) demonstrate how electrically stimulating
a bacterial biofilm promotes the proliferation of motile cells (orange) over matrix-producing
cells (blue) around the electrode (black disk), despite the cells being genetically
identical and living in the same microenvironment. Image credit: Nicholas Wilson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_7.txt,sbert,13_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_383,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_383.png,A,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Germ Cells, contains an Editorial Guide as well as one Perspective on the migration of primordial germ cells and elimination of those that fail to migrate and one on poppy rejection of self-incompatible pollen. The image depicts a pollen tube. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_383.txt,groundtruth,2007_383.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,multiBv1,2007_400.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue highlights the nucleus (see the Editorial Guide [http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content-embargo/abstract/sigtrans;2007/415/eg11]). Articles and resources at STKE focus on signaling within the nucleus, as well as transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The image depicts an artist's rendition of a cell nucleus. [Image: Christopher Bickel , AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_415.txt,ave_2,2007_415.txt,COVER This week's issue of Science Signaling complements the Science Special Issue on Organ Development. The development of plant leaves and the specialized structure called a root nodule are two of the topics highlighted in this issue. See the Editorial Guide for more details about this exciting issue. The image shows a seedling. [Image: Jupiter Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_49.txt,allv2,1_49.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_1.png,D,"Artistic representation of multiphase formation in perovskite crystal using light. Placed on a metasurface, the phase-gradient heterostructure can be formed on demand. The effect allows one to actively tune the optoelectronic properties of the material and to boost the brightness of light-emitting devices or modulate the lasing efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2023_15.txt,sbert,2023_15.txt,"A circular Bragg grating array is fabricated on a silicon nitride wafer, and then perovskite nanocrystals are randomly dispersed. When a nanocrystal is placed outside the circular Bragg grating, the nanocrystal exhibits non-directional emission. In contrast, when the nanocrystal is placed in the center of a circular Bragg grating, the emitted single photons show a high degree of directionality in the direction perpendicular to the plane.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_51.txt,allv2,2024_51.txt,"Atomically thin crystalline silver films of high quality exhibit unexpectedly sharp collective electron excitations, known as plasmons, that couple strongly to light when carved into ribbons, defining a new platform for nano-optoelectronics in the near-infrared spectral range. The image illustrates ribbon arrays formed by silver (111) atomic planes deposited on silicon and resonating with externally incident light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2019_6.txt,ave_3,2019_6.txt,"Perovskite nanocrystals are assembled into superlattice structures inside lithographically fabricated hollow, three-dimensional transparent templates, enabling position and size control. When excited, the ordered quantum dots “cooperate” and collectively emit superfluorescent bursts of light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.png,D,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,test
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_3.png,A,"for combination cancer therapy. A controlled adjustment of their ligand layer composition allows for several formulations to be obtained with high affinity to integrin αvβ3, a transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed in many types of cancer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Olignucleotide-based drugs show promise as a novel form of chemotherapy, but cell-specific targeting, cellular uptake, and intracellular distribution still are problems that have not been satisfactorily solved. Covalent conjugation of oligonucleotides to molecules that expectedly facilitate the internalization, target the conjugate, and improve the pharmacokinetics offers a possible way to combat these shortcomings. The advances made in the solid-supported synthesis of such conjugates are reviewed by Lönnberg on p. 1065.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/1994_7.txt,ave_2,1994_7.txt,"Pictured is a conjugate of a boron-rich dendritic wedge, a fluorophore, and a ligand that targets αvβ3 integrins overexpressed on αvβ3-positive tumor cells and vasculature. The reported convergent strategy enables efficient, modular synthesis of the conjugate, which rapidly accumulates and is retained for 7 days in animal models of human melanoma and murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Fluorescence turn-on functionality allows for high signal-to-noise ratio monitoring of the accumulation and retention of the conjugate in the tumors. (See Dubey et al. on page 78.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_12.txt,allv2,2015_12.txt,"Novel poly(malic acid)-based multifunctional, biodegradable, and nontoxic drug delivery vehicle targets and accumulates in implanted human brain tumor after iv injection into nude mice. Concentrations of fluorescently labeled vehicle by whole organ imaging are shown in pseudocolor from low (dark blue) to high (red). Tumor targeting is superior with conjugated antibody to transferrin receptor (right) over typically tumor tissue enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) for macromolecules (left) (see Lee et al. on page 317). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2006_5.txt,ave_3,2006_5.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_400,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_400.png,D,"COVER This week features a Perspective on Dictyostelium chemotaxis. The image shows the various ways that movement can be controlled during Dictyostelium migration. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_396.txt,ave_3,2007_396.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article that describes a model for the migration of cells in a chemotactic gradient. In particular, the model describes how cells can exhibit migration either in a straight line or in an alternating left-right pattern, which occurs when the leading edge of a cell forms branched protrusions, only one of which persists. The image shows the results from a simulation of the leading edge of a migrating cell, with areas of membrane retraction (blue) and branched protrusions (red). [Image: Mikiya Otsuji, University of Tokyo, Japan]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_152.txt,sbert,3_152.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue on cell migration and chemotaxis. Content in this issue highlights how model organisms, modeling, cell biology, and biochemistry have uncovered the signaling molecules, networks, and regulatory mechanisms that control directional cell movement. The image shows Dictyostelium cells streaming toward a pipette containing the chemoattractant cAMP. [Image: Chun-Lin Chen, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_213.txt,allv2,5_213.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,groundtruth,2007_400.txt,test
ACS Omega,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_5.png,B,increasing the size of nanosheets and the number of layers can significantly improve the energy density while combining the advantage of the high-rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_45.txt,allv2,2023_45.txt,"Low-dimensional TMDC-based flexible, electrochemical biosensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,lysozyme amyloid micronetworks using scanning electron microscopy. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_25.txt,multiBv1,2023_25.txt,A flexible bioinspired metal-insulator-metal metasurface is developed through a simple and scalable biomimetic fabrication process producing tunable broadband surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors. The metasurface is used as a biosensor to detect uric acid levels label-free in whole human tears through broadband SERS.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2020_30.txt,sbert,2020_30.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_3.png,B,"On the cover: The cover shows a mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) found in
a non‐small-cell lung cancer patient sample. Using transcriptomic analyses, Patil
et al. (page 289–300) identify the key drivers of clinical outcomes in the randomized
clinical trials of PD‐L1 blockade versus chemotherapy, and they find plasma cell signals
to be strongly associated with patient benefit and specifically with PD‐L1 blockade.
In this multiplex immunofluorescence image, tumor cells are displayed in blue (panCK+);
plasma cells, the product of a mature TLS, in orange (CD138+/panCK-); B cells in aqua
(CD20+); CD8+ T cells in yellow (CD3+/CD8+); and CD4+ T cells in green (CD3+/CD4+).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_10.txt,sbert,40_10.txt,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Single-cell transcriptomic analyses unravel a complex tumor-immune microenvironment
in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), uncovering cellular interactions that form the tumor’s
“immune circuitry.” Braun et al. demonstrate that exhausted CD8+ T cells and M2-like macrophages are enriched in advanced disease and interact to
form an immune dysfunction circuit that is associated with a worse prognosis. In two
related studies, Bi et al. (pp. 649–661) and Krishna et al. (pp. 662–677) define the
immune landscape of RCC tumors in the context of immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
Cover credits: cells by Steven Moskowitz, kidney and circuit via Shutterstock, and
design by David Braun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_8.txt,allv2,39_8.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_1.png,B,"The CRISPR-Cas technology is one of the most ground-breaking biotechnologies of the
21st century. In the genome imaging field, CRISPR is spearheading the next generation
of spatial imaging strategies with the potential to revolutionize fundamental and
clinical research. In pages 769−784 of this issue, Van Tricht and colleagues review
CRISPR-based genome imaging approaches, with a particular focus on how this molecule
leverages signal generation for sensitive genome imaging. The cover image zooms into
the cell’s nucleus and depicts CRISPRCas9 binding to its genomic target of interest,
resulting in signal generation. Cover image design by somersault18:24.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/41_7.txt,sbert,41_7.txt,"CRISPR-driven genetic circuits have offered promising solutions to
burgeoning challenges in RNA sensing. In pages 1601–1614 of this issue, Jiang and
colleagues discuss cutting-edge developments in CRISPR-powered RNA sensors
in vivo, in addition to providing new insights on the future development of these
programmable RNA sensors. Cover image from Baojun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"A powerful emerging technology based on CRISPR/Cas-nucleobase deaminase fusions, known
as base editing, has recently opened new avenues for microbial genome engineering.
In pages 165–180 of this issue, Wang and colleagues discuss recent trends in developing
and applying base editing and auxiliary bioinformatics tools to engineer industrially
and clinically relevant microorganisms. Cover image concept from Yu Wang, Ye Liu,
and Meng Wang and illustrated by Liye Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/39_13.txt,ave_3,39_13.txt,"CRISPR/Cas and other genome editing approaches have quickly become centrally important
biotechnological techniques in synthetic biology. This month, we focus on emerging
aspects of genome editing ranging from generating high-value chemicals in prokaryotes
to designing synthetic gene circuits. In pages 535–547 of this issue, Jusiak, Cleto,
and colleagues discuss the applications of CRISPR to transcriptional regulation and
envision a paradigm of highly efficient transcription factor design using genome editing.
Cover image from Sara Cleto, Timothy Lu, and the Elsevier Webshop, and cover design
by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_7.txt,allv2,34_7.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.png,B,"Renewables in the zone
Renewable energy siting regulations are often created at the local level, meaning district-level ordinances may impact wind and solar power developments. Lopez et al. identify wind and solar ordinances across the United States and spatially model the impact that setbacks — which dictate the required distance from property — have on land availability for the development of renewables.
See Lopez et al.
Image: Acelya Aksunkur / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_4.txt,ave_2,8_4.txt,"Unequal electricity regulation protection in Australia
Those living further from urban areas are at higher risk for procedural neglect of energy needs. White et al. find that remote communities and those with a majority Indigenous population are more likely to be underserved by electricity retail legal protections in Australia.
See White et al.
Image: Simonology / 500px / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,"Duration matters
Measuring the relevance of different dimensions of electricity provision is complex, especially in rural environments and developing countries, but it provides important information to define access policy priorities. Aklin et al. survey 8,568 households in rural India and find that an increase in the number of hours of electricity per day provides greater satisfaction to end users than reliability or stability.
See Aklin et al. 1, 16170 (2016).
Image: Aditya Ramji.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Mandated efficiency
Cities around the world are either putting in place or considering mandatory audit laws for monitoring building energy efficiency. Using data from the application of New York’s pioneering Local Law 87, Kontokosta et al. document the impact of mandatory audits on energy use in buildings.
Kontokosta et al.
Image: Grant Faint Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_9.txt,sbert,5_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_5.png,A,"Neurology in the midnight sun, inspired by the Q&A on p453.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"Brain asymmetries, inspired by the Review on p383.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,ave_2,20_8.txt,"Brain injury, inspired by the Perspective on p419.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_6.txt,multiBv1,18_6.txt,test
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_8.png,C,"This Account highlights the recent progresses to increase the luminescence efficiency of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals and various device engineering strategies to fabricate efficient light-emitting diodes as illustrated in the artwork by “Lee Research group” from Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_5.txt,multiBv1,2023_5.txt,This image schematically illustrates that the merging of molecular/structural engineering and advanced manufacturing techniques provides a robust toolkit to produce engineered functionally tough hydrogel biomaterials. The affiliated article reviews the recent advances and perspectives of novel network designs and processing techniques for the next-generation functional tough biomaterial hydrogels to satisfy broad biomedical applications. Cover designed by Xiao Kuang.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_11.txt,ave_1,2023_11.txt,Self-powered medical implants serve as a promising,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Materials scientists and engineers can advance bioinspired machine intelligence by designing soft robots like those shown as robotic materials. Robotic materials are composites that tightly couple actuation, sensing, power, and control capabilities through novel forms and functionalities. (Image credit: Ryan L. Truby).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_3.txt,allv2,2021_3.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_9.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Orozco et al. explore a systems-biology approach that uncovers novel disease mechanisms
in age-related macular degeneration. The cover depicts an artist’s representation
of a fundus image of a human retina with age-related macular degeneration, using a
combination of pastels and digital techniques. The yellow-orange color represents
a geographic atrophy lesion. Image created by Allison K. Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_7.txt,ave_3,3_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huguet et al. present an article focused on the interpretation of the effect size of CNVs on cognitive
ability across different gene sets related to brain and non-brain functions. The cover
image represents this article. The human genomic sequence is depicted in the background,
with blue and red parentheses indicating genomic duplications and deletions, respectively.
Circles of corresponding colors show which organ-associated gene sets affect cognitive
ability when duplicated or deleted. Therefore, the scale depicts the resulting changes
of cognitive ability for a given individual, with the left part showing a decreased
cognitive ability. Artist credit: Guillaume Huguet and Thomas Renne, authors on this
article, jointly produced the conceptual design of this cover, with Guillaume Huguet
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_1.txt,multiBv1,4_1.txt,test
Cell Host&Microbe,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_4.png,C,"On the cover: The cover depicts engraftment of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) into the gut microbiome when co-administered with human milk oligosaccharides (HMO).
High-level engraftment of B. infantis, depicted here as microbial “seeds” scattered into the intestine, occurs when HMO
is provided as “fertilizer.” In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Button et al. (1523–1538) demonstrate precision microbiome engineering when HMO-fed
B. infantis are introduced into adult, antibiotic-perturbed gut microbiomes. Reproducible changes
include cross-feeding of propionate-producing Veillonella spp. and changes in an array of gut metabolites. Artwork by Jeff McElroy and Rook
Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/31_4.txt,allv2,31_4.txt,"On the cover: Mechanisms involved in preventing an excessive inflammatory response
to intestinal microorganisms are critical to maintain mucosal integrity and protect
against diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. Saha et al. (pp. 147–162) report
that mammalian peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) protect the host from chemically
induced colitis by promoting the normal balance of bacterial flora and by preventing
damaging production of interferon-γ by NK cells in response to intestinal injury.
The cover shows a cross-section of the colon from a PGRP-deficient mouse with hyperplasia
of the lamina propria, loss of epithelial cells and crypt architecture, ulceration,
and infiltration with inflammatory cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/8_5.txt,sbert,8_5.txt,"On the cover: Probiotics are potential treatments for ulcerative colitis, but their
efficacy is frequently compromised by gastrointestinal conditions that limit adhesion
and activity. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Guo et al. engineered Lactobacillus casei to contain selenium dots embedded in the pericellular film (represented by the cloak
decorated with red dots). Upon oral administration, engineered Lactobacillus casei efficiently enhanced gastric acid resistance and intestinal mucoadhesion, which potentiated
the synergistic restoration of gut microbiota and redox homeostasis (represented by
the engineered Lactobacillus casei waving the wand to cast spells).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"On the cover: As discussed in the reviews in this Special Review Issue of Cell Host & Microbe, microbes are remarkably proficient at hijacking and manipulating the host cell machinery,
most often to their own advantage. In the example illustrated on the cover, pathogenic
E. coli co-opt cellular actin polymerization mechanisms to form actin-filled membrane protrusions
or “pedestals” beneath themselves on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells. This
effect is catalyzed by the bacterial outer membrane protein Intimin (pseudocolored
reddish pink; bacterial DNA is yellow). Actin pedestals (in blue) are seen extending
from the cell beneath the attached bacterium. The infected host cell nucleus appears
as the large green mass. Original image by Daniel Kalman and artistic rendition by
Katherine Ris-Vicari.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.png,C,"Fluorescently labeled nanobodies target and deliver a small-molecule cytotoxic drug directly into PSMA+ prostate cancer cells. Image by Noa Ilan. (Rosenfeld, L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,"Human malignancies stem from aberrant protein signaling pathways and require novel therapeutic approaches.  LaMarche and colleagues demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, an important node in the MAPK pathway, is inhibited by the allosteric small molecule SHP099. (Garcia Fortanet, J.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00680) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2016_8.txt,ave_2,2016_8.txt,"The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,ave_3,2024_22.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_23.png,D,"A practical framework for computer-aided polymer design is presented. After given detailed polymer attributes, polymer repeat unit structures as well as their required molecular weight range can be output. These candidates can be ranked according to difficulty of synthesis, which are the guidelines for polymer synthesis and production.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_20.txt,allv2,2021_20.txt,Polypropylene melts with different viscoelastic properties due to the presence of different structures of self-assembled nucleation agent.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_45.txt,sbert,2022_45.txt,"Polymeric foam can be modified with a wide range of materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphenes, polymers, and metal oxide nanoparticles by various methods for preparing surface-coated foams for a variety of applications encompassing materials for oil-water separation, electrodes for energy storage devices, biological scaffolds, and so forth.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_36.txt,multiBv1,2022_36.txt,fibrous structure were prepared by modulating the ratio of binary polymers and exhibit excellent mechanical properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_6.png,B,"Controlled permeability of porous polymer nanocapsules enabled the creation of size- and charge-selective nanoprobes for surface-enhanced raman scattering (SERS). The cover image illustrates the application of selective SERS nanoprobes in the trace analysis of small molecules in blood plasma without the need for sample pretreatment. The selectivity is achieved by controlling the size of the nanopores or the charge of the shells of the nanocapsules. Molecules that are allowed to enter the nanocapsules interact with the encapsulated clusters of the nanoparticles, resulting in SERS signals. This approach is fully compatible with current methods aimed at selective SERS analysis using permselective nanoparticle coatings, promising facile sensing in complex environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2016_22.txt,sbert,2016_22.txt,"The cover showcases custom laser-engineered membranes used for generating lidocaine-loaded nanocapsules via membrane emulsification. These nanoemulsions, based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES), enhance drug solubility and bioavailability. The study demonstrates controlled drug release through diffusion and highlights the potential of DES-based nanoemulsions in biomedical drug delivery applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Current microencapsulation methodologies show great promise to facilitate targeted delivery of active ingredients. However, encapsulation and retention of small, volatile actives is still a challenge because of their associated rapid diffusion through current polymer shells. The work highlighted on the cover demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of microcapsules with a continuous impermeable metal shell that prevents the release of encapsulated small aromatic oils. The cover graphic, created by Kirsty Stark, is an optical micrograph showing microcapsules (synthesized to be purposefully large, ~100 μm) with a continuous gold film observed under reflected light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_24.txt,allv2,2015_24.txt,"Current microencapsulation methodologies show great promise to facilitate targeted delivery of active ingredients. However, encapsulation and retention of small, volatile actives is still a challenge because of their associated rapid diffusion through current polymer shells. The work highlighted on the cover demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of microcapsules with a continuous impermeable metal shell that prevents the release of encapsulated small aromatic oils. The cover graphic, created by Kirsty Stark, is an optical micrograph showing microcapsules (synthesized to be purposefully large, ~100 μm) with a continuous gold film observed under reflected light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_25.txt,ave_2,2015_25.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_22.png,A,"a) Summarized study methodology. b) Schematics related to the motivation of this study, which is controllable intelligent microfluidic nanoparticle synthesis. c) Overview of the research methods:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"A universal, modular, and tunable microfluidic architecture, combining plastic microfluidic cartridges and pre-degassed polymeric micropumps, is presented. The micropump absorbs air producing a negative pressure and triggering the movement of fluids within the microchannel. A wide range of fluid volumes may be processed in these microsystems, which is an unprecedented fact in self-powered microfluidics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_1.txt,allv2,2020_1.txt,This Special Issue of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research focuses on the application of nanobiomaterials for biosensing and biodegradation to develop new approaches in water treatment systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_41.txt,multiBv1,2023_41.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Y. Liu et al., “Formulation of Nanoparticles Using Mixing-Induced Nanoprecipitation for Drug Delivery” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04747); P. Rojahn et al., “Mixing Performance in a Distributed-Feed Plate-Type Reactor with Multinozzle Injection for Fine Chemical Production Scale” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06407); and J. N. C. Hernandez et al.,  “Droplet Retention Time and Pressure Drop in SiSiC Open-Cell Foam Used as Droplet Separation Devices: A Numerical Approach” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04247).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_44.txt,ave_1,2020_44.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_5.png,A,"The graphene assembled films demonstrate exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The artwork emphasizes our research on utilizing graphene assembled film-based electronics for RF and microwave technology in the Internet of Everything (IoE), encompassing antenna and antenna array, flexible electronics, RFID, and metasurfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"High-quality semiconductor fibers were developed by a thermal drawing technique with selected pairs of semiconductor materials and synthetic materials, including silicon and germanium, glassy semiconductors, and two-dimensional semiconductors. The semiconductor fibers may find multiple applications in the field of wearable electronics, such as on-cloth sensors and wearable energy harvesting and storage devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.txt,ave_2,2024_2.txt,"Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have led to considerable progress in various fields, but there still are some remaining challenges concerning fundamental charge transport mechanisms and applications. The microstructured ultrathin organic semiconductor films (MUOSFs) via the dip-coating technique provides an ideal platform by bridging the materials, assembly, and applications of organic semiconductors with monolayer precision. Image credit: Ming Liu. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,val
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.png,D,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,ave_3,2021_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,multiBv1,2022_3.txt,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,groundtruth,2022_2.txt,test
iScience,27_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_10.png,A,"On the cover: The cover image, related to the article by Li et al., vividly depicts the unique microbial ecosystem during the Cambrian “explosion.”
Here, increased microbially induced erosion, particularly by boring cyanobacteria
Endoconchia, significantly influenced the shell calcification process, resulting in the evolution
of complex and densely packed tubule systems in shells of Nomgoliella, one of earliest mineralized mollusks recovered from western Mongolia. Image credit:
Xi Liu and Luoyang Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_10.txt,groundtruth,27_10.txt,"On the cover: The image represents a giant clam Tridacna crocea that displays a mantle where photosynthetic symbiotic algae harbor. Giant clams thrive
in oligotrophic tropical waters and rely on the symbiosis between photosynthetic microalgae
called zooxanthellae. An algal betaine lipid, from a class of phosphorus-free membrane
lipids, is incorporated and utilized by the clam tissues and cells. This “smart utilization”
of algal lipids may help clams survive in poorly nourished coral reef waters. Image
credit: Ryuichi Sakai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_5.txt,sbert,26_5.txt,"On the cover: The study characterized the microbial community composition of liquefied
soil after an earthquake. Our finding sets up an alternative monitoring methodology
for soil liquefaction after seismic events.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/24_4.txt,multiBv1,24_4.txt,"On the cover: Step back in time to the Eocene era in Na Duong Basin, where a remarkable
paleoenvironment reconstruction unveils a thriving aquatic realm through art and science.
Dive into the fossil Lagerstätte of Southeast Asia, where crocodilians and testudines
reign, brought to life through meticulous analysis and stunning illustration by Chung-Tat
Cheung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_4.txt,allv2,26_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.png,D,"Sounds are generated by interactions between objects in the world. In this Review, Winkler & Denham describe how representations of sources and actions enable humans to segment complex auditory experience into meaningful units.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_9.txt,ave_2,3_9.txt,"In this Review, Singh and Mehr find evidence for universality of emotional and behavioural responses to music.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"In this Perspective, Benedek et al. integrate memory research within existing creativity theorizing to provide a framework for how creative ideas arise.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_9.txt,ave_3,2_9.txt,"In this Review, Snyder et al. discuss leading theories of rhythm perception and synthesize relevant behavioural, neural and genetic findings.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_23.png,D,"We developed a ranked-orbital scheme to select active spaces for high-throughput multireference computation; our figure shows three UHF natural orbitals of butadiene ranked in order of importance for the active space. The method we developed for ranking orbitals for the active space, called the ""Approximate Pair Coefficient"" method, appears to be highly effective for calculating excitation energies using multireference methods and inexpensive compared to costly methods involving DMRG.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2021_8.txt,allv2,2021_8.txt,"The figure is a handmade picture of Type II topoisomerase (topoII) in complex with a DNA double strand. This enzyme controls the topology of the DNA by cleaving and religating both strands of a DNA duplex. In the paper, classical and hybrid QM/MM simulations were used to propose a model for the yet uncharacterized structure of the reactant state of topoII. This model suggests a canonical two-metal-aided mechanism that also explains experimental evidence for topoII inhibition. See Palermo, G. et al.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2013_11.txt,multiBv1,2013_11.txt,"Main stages of the aquaPELE step. It starts with the perturbation stage where the ligand and water molecules are translated and rotated to available new locations, if any, highlighted with yellow and green shadows, respectively. The protein backbone is also perturbed, allowing it to follow its principal vibrational normal modes, highlighted with a pink shadow. Finally, in the relaxation stage, it runs a side-chain prediction algorithm, depicted by gray areas, and a global minimization, which is not represented but affects all of the atoms in the complex.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_1.txt,sbert,2020_1.txt,"The singlet-triplet (ST) inversion observed in several triangle-shaped organic molecules containing conjugated carbon and nitrogen atoms is an astonishing result. Here we demonstrate that the ST inversion does not require triangle-shaped molecules nor any specific molecular symmetry, but rather a small HOMO-LUMO gap and a small exchange integral between frontier orbitals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_1.png,B,"Pinniped population genomics
A mixed breeding colony of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on San Miguel Island, California.
See Peart et al.
Image: Fritz Trillmich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"Extreme bottlenecks
In the 19th century, commercial hunters nearly drove the northern elephant seal to extinction. A combination of population genetics, veterinary pathology data, demographic modelling, whole-genome resequencing and genetic simulations suggests that this extreme population bottleneck probably purged much of this species’ genetic load, affecting post-bottleneck population dynamics and contemporary fitness variation.
See Joseph I. Hoffman et al.
Image: Martin Stoffel, Turing Institute, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"African raptor declines
Many African raptors have suffered severe, widespread declines since the 1970s, and at the same time have become significantly more dependent on protected areas. Their loss has the potential to trigger extensive cascading effects, particularly in the case of large, apex predators such as this martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), seen here having just killed a black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas).
See Shaw et al.
Image: Munir Virani, Mohamed Bin Zayed, Raptor Conservation Fund. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_12.txt,ave_3,8_12.txt,"Inbreeding depression
A male Southern Resident killer whale off San Juan Island, Washington, USA. Unlike most North Pacific killer whale populations, the population of endangered Southern Residents has remained small and declined since the 1990s — despite 50 years of legal protection and conservation efforts. Genomic and demographic analyses reveal that inbreeding has reduced survival and limited the growth and recovery of the population.
See Kardos et al.
Image: NOAA Fisheries, taken under Federal Research permit number 16163. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_8.txt,multiBv1,7_8.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_7.png,D,"On the cover: The UK Biobank is a pioneering large-scale biobank study and biomedical
resource that plans to perform comprehensive imaging in up to 100,000 participants.
In this issue of Cell Genomics, Haas et al. use a machine learning approach to quantify liver fat—the leading driver
of end-stage liver disease—from raw abdominal MRI images in over 36,000 participants
from the UK Biobank. The authors report that the majority of those with excess liver
fat did not carry a diagnosis in the medical record, identify several new common genetic
variants that drive liver fat accumulation, and highlight a molecular subtype of steatosis
characterized by defective secretion of lipid-containing particles. The cover depicts
stylized livers, with lighter shades indicating increased fat content, which come
together to form a DNA helix. Illustration by Mary O'Reilly (Twitter:@moscienceart,https://pattern.broadinstitute.org/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_1.txt,multiBv1,1_1.txt,"On the cover: Understanding human genetic diversity can elucidate critical host-pathogen
interactions. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Gibbs et al. leveraged a cellular genome-wide association study to discover that
variation across a chromosome 1 locus was associated with intracellular replication
of Salmonella Typhi and regulated protein abundance of human mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2), a divalent cation
channel. Mechanistic studies revealed that MCOLN2 restricts S. Typhi replication via magnesium deprivation, demonstrating that natural human genetic
diversity leads to variable nutritional immunity. The cover art is titled “Revealing
the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.” One strand of DNA is shown with nucleotides
from the MCOLN2 locus, including an associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. Salmonella forms the second strand of DNA, symbolizing the microbe's evolutionary pressure and
genetic interaction with the host genome, down to even a single nucleotide. Artist:
Trisha Dalapati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"On the cover: The Global Biobank Meta-analysis Initiative (GBMI), a worldwide collaborative
network of biobanks, creates invaluable resources and opportunities to advance the
understanding of the etiology of human diseases and to help move toward the equitability
of genetic studies in diverse ancestries. This cover depicts locations of 24 biobanks
from 5 continents (Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, and North America) representing
more than 2.2 million consented individuals with genetic data linked to electronic
health records studied in the flagship project of GBMI. Depiction by Kuan-Han Wu,
Martin Soave, and Cristen Willer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huang et al. explore characteristic gut microbiota associated with phenotypes of the Chinese population
from 17 ethnic groups in China by metagenomics sequencing of 3,234 fecal samples.
The complexity and diversity of gut microbiota, akin to a veil of fog, were revealed.
The patterns within the 17 circles are symbolic patterns from 17 ethnic groups distributed
across various regions of China. The microbiota and genes at the center of the circles
reveal the species and genetic diversity of gut microbiota in the Chinese population.
Image credit: Qixiao Zhai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p241.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.txt,ave_3,20_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_12.txt,allv2,20_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p613.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p143.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_11.png,D,"A flyby-impacted massive protostellar disk
ALMA observations of a massive protostar near the Galactic Centre reveal a large disk with two embedded spirals. A combined analytical and numerical analysis suggests that the spirals were formed by a close flyby. The study concludes that massive stars can form in a similar way as low-mass stars: through disk-mediated accretion subject to flybys.
See Lu et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Xing Lu. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_6.txt,sbert,6_6.txt,"Galaxies from wherever flock together
Streamlines trace the motions of galaxies through the Universe from their modern-day locations to the potential minima of basins of attraction.
See Valade et al.
Image: Daniel Pomarède, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_1.txt,ave_1,8_1.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Gazing at galaxies from the edge of space
SuperBIT is a wide-field, diffraction-limited optical and near-UV imager of the sky that was designed to travel via the seasonal winds at an altitude of 33 km. Suspended from a scientific balloon rather than a crane, its April 2023 mission took in views of merging galaxy clusters, galaxies, and massive star winds from the stratosphere.
See Massey et al.
Image: Barth Netterfield (University of Toronto). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_12.png,A,"On the cover: The study by Xiang et al. primarily focuses on data-driven lithium-ion battery degradation models. The cover
image incorporates an electric vehicle, a battery, and neurons representing deep learning,
indicating our use of a semi-supervised deep-learning method to empower the aging
modeling of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The gradient colors of the
battery imply its aging process. The authors would like to express gratitude to Qinxin
Li for creating the image.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"On the cover: Liang et al. explore machine learning in the field of materials science
by predicting polymer compatibility. In the cover image, a plant with neural network
roots is depicted and being watered with molecules representing nutrients. The sun
is rising in the background, indicating the potential of machine learning for materials
science exploration. Image created by Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, Yichun Liu, et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_7.txt,ave_3,3_7.txt,"On the cover: Lithium ion batteries from storage systems and electric vehicles can
stabilize future grids with high-penetration renewable energy. Yudi Qin and Xiaoru
Chen made the figure.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"On the Cover: An electrically rechargeable liquid fuel (e-fuel), containing regenerative
electroactive species, can store intermittent electricity harvested by solar panels
and wind turbines. This fuel cell fed by an e-fuel, with its simple structure and
short refueling time, shows potential for powering electric vehicles of the future.
Cover designed by Xingyi Shi, Xiaoyu Huo, and Liang An.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_11.png,A,"Ligands with multipotent profile binding with different targets, such as acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase, and amyloid β: Multipotent ligands are expected to display neuroprotection and neurorescue potential along with reactive species inhibition activity for the effective treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,as a potential target of Alzheimer's disease (AD) catalyzes cholesterol 24S-hydroxylation to adjusts cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. The recognition and binding mechanism of CYP46A1 with CH was explored by MD simulations. The results may provide effective clues for designing the drugs for AD. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_15.txt,allv2,2022_15.txt,"Nanoconjugates, including 5-FU-PVP and 5-FU-PVP-Au, were synthesized and later functionalized with gold nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic applications. These nanoconjugates exhibited high drug-loading efficiencies, prolonged drug release, and effective hen egg white lysozyme aggregation inhibition. In an Alzheimer’s Drosophila model, 5-FU-PVP demonstrated superior amyloid aggregation inhibition compared to a bare drug, showcasing potential anti-Alzheimer’s activity. The image was created with the assistance of OpenAI's ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.png,B,"On the cover: Engineered living materials are an exciting technology at the interface
of materials science and engineering. Li et al. design engineered living hydrogels
by integrating genetically modified Escherichia coli cells into hydrogels for robust biocatalysis in pure organic solvents. This cover
image features the Chinese legend The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid, representing the meeting of living materials and biocatalysis. Image credit: Yong
Hu and Xin Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_3.txt,ave_3,3_3.txt,"On the cover: This artistic representation showcases a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V screw
designed for spinal procedures. Karavasili et al. show that its fenestrated, microstructured geometry enables precise antibiotic release
via an injectable hydrogel composite, promoting osteoblast activity and inhibiting
bacterial growth. A fusion of engineering and biomedicine, this innovation potentially
offers a safer, patient-specific alternative to traditional bone cement. Image by
ScienceBrush Design.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Fei et al. report a halftoning grayscale 3D printing strategy that enables
the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) through any commercial projection
SLA 3D printer. This universal fabrication strategy may open a new window for engineers
and scientists to explore complex and multifunctional graded materials. The cover
image depicts the 3D-printed FGM (center: X-ray CT image of the 3D-printed hollow
cube) and some potential applications (top: catalyst support, left: sound-absorbing
micro lattice, right: biomedical implant). Image credit: Guanghai Fei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_5.txt,ave_2,4_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover of this month’s issue of Cell Reports Physical Science summarizes the research of Li et al. on the preparation of multiscale hydrogels. The background represents a hydrogel’s
macroporous structure, which provides space for cells. The hydrogel (upper left) affects
mesenchymal stem-cell fate with local stiffness-enhancing structures (lower left)
and promotes bone regeneration (bottom right). This research has promising applications,
such as the possibility to be used as a 3D printing ink (upper right). The cover was
produced by Zhibao Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_4.txt,allv2,5_4.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_21.png,A,"The PARCH scale is a tool for calculating the hydropathy of amino acid residues as a function of a protein’s nanoscale topography, such as bumps, crevices, cavities, clefts, pockets, and channels. This computationally inexpensive method can compare hydropathies of the different protein surfaces and quantify the effect of point mutations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"The parameters used in AWSEM-Suite are optimized from energy landscape theory for protein folding, and the effects of water are implicitly considered. With the water-mediated interactions that are significant in protein folding and structure predictions, AWSEM-Suite was able to accurately predict many hard targets in CASP13.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_7.txt,allv2,2020_7.txt,"Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory (GIST) can now report how the positional correlations of water molecules impact the entropy of water in a binding site. As diagrammed here, this involves discretizing the region of interest onto a three-dimensional “K-grid” and computing how the presence of a water in each voxel k affects the entropy of nearby water on a local “L-grid”. The result can be displayed as contour maps, as shown for the enzyme coagulation factor Xa. Here, regions where water is correlated less and more than in pure water are displayed in green and pink, respectively; more correlation means lower entropy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2016_12.txt,sbert,2016_12.txt,"The effects of protein scaffolding on enzymatic catalysis are evident in the active site electron charge density.  Geometric constraints on charge density isosurfaces mean that charge redistribution is facilitated in some regions and hindered in others.  The most mobile regions of charge density coincide with bond bundles, which provide a sensitive probe for charge density analysis.  The cover shows analogous bond bundles and critical point characteristic angles (double cones) in acetone and in the ketosteroid isomerase active side.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_22.txt,multiBv1,2023_22.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_8.png,C,"Entanglement unscrambled
Higher-dimensional entanglement between two photons can be preserved for a photon passing through a complex medium by applying an appropriate scrambling operation on the entangled partner that does not enter the complex medium.
See Malik
See Forbes
IMAGE: Saroch Leedumrongwatthanakun and Mehul Malik, Heriot-Watt University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_2.txt,ave_3,16_2.txt,"Incoherent quantum holography
By exploiting polarization entanglement between photons, quantum holography can circumvent the need for the first-order coherence required for classical holographic imaging. In this protocol, when one photon in an entangled pair is directed at a smiley-shaped object, the phase information of the object is instantaneously shared with the other photon, regardless of their separation. The object shape is then remotely reconstructed in the form of quantum holograms by detecting photons with separate cameras.
See Defienne et al.
Image: Hugo Defienne, University of Glasgow. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_8.txt,ave_2,17_8.txt,"Non-classical correlations
Quantum devices need to be linked together in such a way that entanglement can be shared between them. Meesala et al. demonstrate a step towards this goal by developing a transducer capable of generating microwave-optical photon pairs that can be used to share non-classical correlations between an optical link and a superconducting quantum device.
See Meesala et al.
Image: Steven Wood, California Institute of Technology. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Entangled with Cherenkov
Despite their relevance for quantum technology, photon-pair sources are difficult to control. A theoretical proposal shows how photon pairs can be created from vacuum fluctuations in time-dependent systems, potentially enabling heralded single-photon frequency combs.
See Sloan et al. and Talebi
Image: Haley Park. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_12.txt,allv2,18_12.txt,train
innovation,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_2.png,C,"On the cover: Extremophiles are invaluable biological resources, pivotal for unraveling
the mysteries of life, revealing the origins and evolution of life on Earth, and exploring
extraterrestrial planets. Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss, exemplifies life's remarkable adaptability to extreme environments.
It demonstrates extraordinary desiccation tolerance, capable of losing over 98% of
its cellular water content, and can endure −196°C ultra-low temperatures. Additionally,
it exhibits exceptional radiation resistance, withstanding doses of more than 5,000
Gy of gamma irradiation. This moss can survive and maintain vitality under simulated
Mars conditions. S. caninervis is one of the toughest plants on Earth, offering promising potential as a pioneer
species for future Mars colonization and terraforming efforts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_3.txt,sbert,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists
and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now
we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via
multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"On the cover: In the Mozi Gongshu from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of ancient China, the principle
of “Shu attacks and Mo defends” is recorded, which means that for every attack strategy,
there is inevitably a corresponding method of defense. This wisdom is vividly reflected
in crop protection of modern agricultural practices. To prevent agricultural pests
from damaging crops, people extensively adopt Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based bioinsecticides and insect-resistant crops. However, the global notorious
pest, Plutella xylostella, utilizes its strong immune system to form a midgut transcriptional regulatory loop
as a “defensive shield” to resist Bt toxicity. The arms race between insect pests
and Bt perfectly exemplifies the ancient “Shu attacks and Mo defends” principle. In
the future, deciphering the “Bt resistance shield” of insect pests can be utilized
to design specific methods to break the evolutionary balance of pest resistance, which
could be conducive to developing novel pest management strategies. This will advance
global crop protection level to new horizons and make a significant contribution to
ensuring food security.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the cover: Vivid life is everywhere in this blue planet. In this cover, four seasons
are illustrated with diverse lives that are the traces of entire ecosystem circle.
What a natural harmony! From birth to death, each species has its own life cycle and
innate mechanisms decoded and to be decoded by scientists. The destiny of life cycle
can be revealed by genome within a cell as the core of living beings. The more scientific
discoveries about the core, the higher possibilities to disclose the truth of life.
For sustainable development of our planet, it is important to build up one co-existing
ecosystem for all living things.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_1.png,A,"Stem cell-embedded hydrogel nanocomposites, tailored with varying stiffness, growth factors, and nanoparticles, effectively guide stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes or osteocytes, facilitating cartilage or bone regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_9.txt,allv2,2019_9.txt,The injectable self-healing hydrogels with improved hemostatic efficacy based on choline phosphoryl functionalized chitosan and oxidized dextran are reported. The choline phosphoryl groups exhibit positive and synergistic effects on the acceleration of hemostasis by facilitating erythrocyte adhesion and aggregation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_11.txt,sbert,2023_11.txt,"Cardiomyocytes, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, and cardiac fibroblasts are coated with extracellular matrix proteins via a layer-by-layer deposition and encapsulated into PEG-based microgels via microfluidics, resulting in physiological beating. Image courtesy of Luis P. B. Guerzoni and Yoshinari Tsukamoto.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_3.txt,multiBv1,2019_3.txt,test
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_3.png,A,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art depicts the puzzle of how to combine elements in ternary pnictides to achieve low thermal conductivity. By combining density functional theory, machine learning, and Boltzmann transport theory, this study unravels the factors that contribute to thermal transport in these materials and suggests the most promising ones for thermoelectric applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"Novel nickel orthoborate nanograins synthesized by a simple and scalable method was used to fabricate the asymmetric coin cell type supercapacitor to power the temperature sensor device.  In general, the supercapacitor is used to power the consumer electronics, renewable energy storage and harvesting devices, automotive, military, and medical device applications. The cover art was designed by using some images downloaded from the website (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,train
Immunity,58_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/58_1.png,B,"On the cover: TREM2 is a microglial innate immune receptor associated with a lethal
form of early, progressive dementia, the Nasu-Hakola disease, and with increased risk
of Alzheimer's disease. The pathology seen in the presence of TREM2 inactivating mutations was thought to be the result of microglial defects in phagocytosis
of toxic aggregates or apoptotic membranes. In this issue of Immunity, Filipello and Morini et al. (979–991) show that TREM2 promotes microglial-dependent
pruning of supernumerary synapses in the developing brain. TREM2-deficient mice display
excessive spine density, behavioral defects, and reduced long-range functional connectivity,
and TREM2 protein amount negatively correlates with the severity of symptoms in humans
affected by autism. These findings reveal the role for TREM2 in neuronal circuit sculpting
and provide evidence for its involvement neurodevelopmental diseases. The cover illustration
depicts confocal images and 3D reconstruction of CX3CR1+ microglia cells (red) phagocytosing GFP-transfected dendritic spines on neurons (green).
Image by Marco Erreni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/48_2.txt,ave_3,48_2.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_1.txt,groundtruth,58_1.txt,"On the cover: Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, play an important role in
the maintenance of brain homeostasis, but they lose their homeostatic function during
the course of neurodegenerative disorders. In this issue of Immunity, Krasemann and Madore et al. (566–581) describe how the microglia phenotype switch
is regulated on the molecular level. Several homeostatic microglial genes including
P2ry12are downregulated during disease and aging, whereas Apoeis upregulated and serves as the major regulator of neurodegenerative microglia. TREM2
induced APOE signaling, and inhibiting the TREM2-APOE pathway restored the homeostatic
microglial function. The cover image illustrates homeostatic microglia maintained
by TGF-β signaling as Dr. Jekyll. APOE signaling induces neurodegenerative microglia
when they eat dying neurons and transform into Mr. Hyde in disease. Illustration by
Daisy Chung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/47_4.txt,ave_2,47_4.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_2.txt,allv2,58_2.txt,test
Science Signaling,2007_389,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_389.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that applied bioinformatics analysis to a BRCT protein-protein interaction network to identify biological processes and protein complexes that integrate the DNA damage response with regulation of the cell cycle. The image shows a network based on the tandem BRCT-mediated protein interactions. The BRCT domain–containing proteins are indicated in yellow. [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS, adapted from Nicholas Woods and Alvaro Monteiro, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_242.txt,sbert,5_242.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that combines knowledge of protein structure and abundance to predict competition for binding a common partner protein. This week's issue also includes an Editorial Guide with vignettes from researchers in memory of Tony Pawson, who identified that such modular protein-protein interactions regulate signal transduction. The image shows CRAF (red) outcompeting GAP (yellow) for binding to Ras (blue). [Image: Chris Bickel/AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_306.txt,allv2,6_306.txt,"COVER This week features a Protocol on detecting protein interactions with capture beads and flow cytometry. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_389.txt,groundtruth,2007_389.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Protocol that details how to analyze signaling in single cells with a high-throughput microfluidics device. The image shows sample data from an experiment in which the cells were processed for immunofluorescent imaging of signaling molecules following exposure to a stimulus for various times. [Image: Andre Levchenko, The Johns Hopkins University]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_75.txt,multiBv1,2_75.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.png,A,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,sbert,45_1.txt,A schematic showing the underlying mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of Icariside II (ICS II) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in rats. ICS II attenuates cerebral I/R-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in rats in a manner involving regulation of the MMP9/TIMP1 balance. See the article in pages 1547–1556.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/41_1.txt,multiBv1,41_1.txt,"A schema for the anti-neuroinflammation effect of isosibiricin, a natural coumarin compound from medicinal plant Murraya exotica. Isosibiricin inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by selectively targeting dopamine D1/2 receptor-dependent NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome pathway. See the article in pages 173–180.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/41_11.txt,allv2,41_11.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.png,A,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,ave_3,2024_2.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.png,A,"With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"2018), an outstanding scientist and crystallographer with a warm personality. The authors acknowledge Siting Ni for creation of this artwork, used by permission",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_6.txt,allv2,2019_6.txt,"interactions are somewhat contentious, but the crystal structures of fluorous carboxylic acid and triazole have been found. A computational study shows that a large number of these are as stabilizing as a typical hydrogen bond. The image shows the relief map of the Laplacian of the electron density of a dimer extracted from the crystal structure of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_7.txt,multiBv1,2015_7.txt,"Crystal engineering actively explores supramolecular control strategies to construct functional materials. An emerging approach relies on the concept of long-range synthon Aufbau modules (LSAMs) to transfer a “large synthon” from one structure to another. The strategy was used to transfer known supramolecular synthons from trihalophenols into cocrystals with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. The cocrystals are photoreactive and undergo single-crystal reactivity (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 2511–2518).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_8.txt,sbert,2019_8.txt,test
Nature Electronics,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_1.png,A,"A new quantum standard of resistance
High-accuracy measurements of Hall resistance quantization in the quantum anomalous Hall effect regime on a device based on a magnetically doped topological insulator show that the system could provide a quantum resistance standard at zero external magnetic field. The optical differential interference contrast microscopy image on the cover shows the quantum anomalous Hall effect device, which is fabricated from the topological insulator vanadium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3.
See Patel et al. and News & Views by Callegaro
Image: Kajetan Fijalkowski, University of Würzburg. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Two-dimensional materials go analogue
Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors.
See Polyushkin et al.
Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_5.txt,ave_3,3_5.txt,"Tunnel barriers with a 2D spin
Electrons that tunnel through a thin ferromagnetic chromium tribromide barrier, sandwiched between graphene electrodes, are forced to emit magnons in order to fulfil momentum conservation conditions, which suggests that such tunnel barriers could be used for spin injection. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of the trilayer heterostructure, which is encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride and placed on a silicon/silica substrate.
See Ghazaryan et al. and News & Views by Valenzuela et al.
Image: Abhishek Misra, University of Manchester. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"An elemental nonlinear Hall effect
Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films.
See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al.
Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_10.txt,allv2,7_10.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.png,D,"The sources of myocardial passive stiffness
Loescher et al. use a mouse model that enables specific cleavage of elastic titin in cardiomyocytes to dissect the contributions of various structural elements of myocardium to passive stiffness. They quantify the strain-dependent contributions from titin, actin filaments, microtubules, the sarcolemma, intermediate filaments and the extracellular matrix to both elastic and viscous forces.
See Loescher et al.
Image credit: Andreas Unger and Wolfgang A. Linke, University of Münster. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Regenerative senescence in cardiac repair
Zhang et al. show that the transcription factor Egr1 regulates transient senescence in cardiac fibroblasts during neonatal heart regeneration and upon agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice, acting downstream of the integrin–FAK–ERK1/2–Akt1 axis.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Genia Brodsky, Design Section, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.txt,ave_2,3_5.txt,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,multiBv1,3_6.txt,"Histone H1.0 links cell mechanics to chromatin structure
Hu et al. describe how histone H1.0 regulates cellular responses to mechanical stimulation, inducing myofibroblast activation in the heart and linking force generation to nuclear organization and gene transcription.
See Hu et al.
Image: Todd H. Kimball, PhD, UCLA/UNC Chapel Hill. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_4.png,D,"Sustainable agriculture in response to increasing demands for food depends on development
of high-yielding crops with high nutritional value that require minimal intervention
during growth. Focus so far has been on changing plants by introducing genes that
impart new properties, which the plants and their ancestors never possessed. On pages
155–164 Michael G. Palmgren and colleagues suggest another potentially beneficial
and perhaps less controversial strategy that modern plant biotechnology may adopt.
This approach, which broadens earlier approaches to reverse breeding, aims to furnish
crops with lost properties that their ancestors once possessed in order to tolerate
adverse environmental conditions. What molecular techniques are available for implementing
such rewilding? Are the strategies legally, socially, economically, and ethically
feasible? These are questions addressed in the review. Cover design by Susanne C.
Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,"Plants can program and reprogram their genomes to create genetic
variation and epigenetic modifications, leading to phenotypic plasticity. While
consequences of genetic changes are well understood, the basis for transgenerational
inheritance of epigenetic variation remains elusive. Shuai Cao, and Z. Jeffrey Chen
review
contributions of external (environmental) and internal (genomic) factors to initiation
and establishment of epigenetic memory during plant evolution, crop domestication,
and modern breeding. Understanding and harnessing epigenetic inheritance will help
developing effective breeding and biotechnological strategies to improve crop yield
and resilience. The cover image of a scientist pruning a hedge symbolizes the selection
process during domestication aimed at “shaping” optimal plant traits. Image credit:
Grayson Ticer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_2.txt,ave_3,29_2.txt,"Modern phenotyping technologies will speed up root trait improvement. On pages 105–118
Michelle Watt and colleagues highlight eleven breeding programs using phenotyping
to integrate root traits into germplasm. This century will see a shift from single
root traits to rhizosphere selections that can be managed dynamically on farms, and
a shift to phenotype-based improvement to not only cope with but harness complexity
in whole crop systems. Image credit: Johannes A. Postma. Cover design by Susanne C.
Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/25_12.txt,ave_2,25_12.txt,"Most high-yielding crops are susceptible to abiotic and biotic stresses,
making them vulnerable to potential effects of climate change. A possible alternative
is
to accelerate the domestication of wild plants tolerant to harsh conditions and enhancing
their yields. However, competition between wild progenitors and newly domesticated
plants may reduce yields. To address this, Pedro M.P. Correia, Javad Najafi, and Michael
Palmgren propose using gene-editing to introduce traits into de novo domesticated
crops and make them visually distinct for weeding robots. By precise editing of key
genes for architectural traits and pigment accumulation, the plants' colors can be
altered. Manipulating these pivotal genes would significantly enhance the accuracy
of
discriminating between newly domesticated crops and their wild counterparts. Advanced
weeding robots could then be trained through machine learning methods to recognize
such signature traits. Image credit: Vibha Duraikkannan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_4.txt,groundtruth,29_4.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.png,D,"The cover art illustrates the dynamic interplay of milk and espresso in the creation of espresso drinks, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction in defining the taste and texture of the beverage. It underlines how advanced two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments can elucidate the complex interactions and dynamics of organic molecules and milk proteins and offer insights into the molecular dance that supports the unique flavor of these popular drinks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,sbert,2024_6.txt,Controlling the postprandial glucose spike by increasing the rich starch crystallinity and lowering the starch digestion rate of rice-based fermented foods using a combination of heat treatment and hydrocolloid addition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_9.txt,ave_3,2024_9.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
Science Translational Medicine,17_785,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_785.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Gene Editing to the Rescue. This conceptual image depicts a mouse fetus having its DNA sequence corrected to repair a pathogenic mutation. Alapati et al.. used CRISPR-Cas9, a method of targeted gene editing, to inactivate a mutant version of Sftpc, a gene that causes a lethal congenital lung disease, in mice. Because the lung disease is lethal at the time of birth, the researchers performed gene editing in utero. Editing improved the survival of mouse pups without causing adverse effects in their mothers. [CREDIT: EO TRUEBLOOD/THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_488.txt,ave_3,11_488.txt,"ONLINE COVER Expanding Liver Gene Editing. The cover shows gene-targeted and expanded adult mouse hepatocytes (red) and a counterstain for DNA (blue). Homology-directed repair (HDR)-based techniques show promise for gene editing of liver diseases, but they do not always achieve sufficient editing of adult cells. To improve HDR-based hepatocyte editing, De Giorgi et al. created a system that conditions the liver by transiently knocking down the essential gene fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah), and then inserts a therapeutic transgene of choice alongside a non-targetable version of Fah into the highly expressed Apolipoprotein A1 (Apoa1) locus, to protect the hepatocytes from further injury. A high-protein diet in these mice increased expansion of edited hepatocytes and corrected of about a quarter of all hepatocytes in the liver, and increased the expression of therapeutic transgene human factor IX (FIX) by five-fold. This increased expansion of targeted hepatocytes may expand the number of liver diseases targetable by gene therapy. Credit: Marco De Giorgi",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_785.txt,groundtruth,17_785.txt,"ONLINE COVER Fixing Fibrosis. This image shows a colored scanning electron micrograph of human liver fibrosis that occurs during the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a currently uncurable condition. Rom et al. found that reduced systemic glycine exacerbated hepatosteatosis and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice. Administration of a glycine-glycine-leucine tripeptide to mice in a model of established nonalcoholic steatohepatitis altered fatty acid oxidation and glutathione synthesis, resulting in improved liver fat, inflammation, and fibrosis. As circulating glycine is often low in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, such an amino acid–based treatment may hold therapeutic promise for humans. [CREDIT: PIETRO M. MOTTA, TSUNEO FUJITA/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/12_572.txt,ave_2,12_572.txt,"ONLINE COVER Therapeutic Toxicity. The image shows a liver section from an acetaminophen-treated mouse expressing acetaminophen-metabolizing Cyp2E1 (green) and its cofactor Cypor (red). Genome-integrating gene therapy vectors promise stable therapeutic effects, but integration is difficult to achieve in hepatocytes. Vonada et al. developed an adenoviral vector containing a shRNA against Cypor. In this system, successful integration selectively protected the resulting transgene-expressing hepatocytes, but not non-integrated hepatocytes, against toxic drug exposure. Administration of the vector plus a moderately hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen to neonatal mice selected for transgene-expressing cells and achieved therapeutic viral vector integration in models of hemophilia B and phenylketonuria, suggesting the potential of the approach for gene therapy for liver diseases. [CREDIT: VONADA ET ALMAC_Bench/Science TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_597.txt,allv2,13_597.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.png,C,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_1.txt,allv2,35_1.txt,"The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, GABA, influences neuronal and glial activity in a prolonged manner via GABAB receptor, a prototypical class C GPCR. GABAB receptor is an obligatory heterodimer of two subunits. They perform a complicated “pas de deux” to transduce the extracellular stimuli into cells. See page 564-573 by Chunyou Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_6.txt,ave_2,30_6.txt,"The dual effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) are illustrated by bees. Left, low levels of GCs bind to the canonical high-affinity GC receptor (GR, the flower producing honey), mediating physiological and therapeutic effects. Right, high levels of GCs can also bind to the low-affinity receptor, tau, leading to bone loss and demonstrating pathological effects. See page 23–44 by Wenyu Fu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"The lotus beneath Nezha, a fairy tale character, represents an ER anion channel CLCC1. Chloride through CLCC1 compensates both potential and osmolality changes during ER Ca2+ release together with K+ (2Ca2++Cl–=3K+). CLCC1 dysfunction leads to imbalance of ER ion homeostasis (2Ca2+=4K+), ER swelling, and neurodegeneration, which is linked with ALS represented by Nezha’s frozen leg and spear. See page 497–515 by Liang Guo et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_6.txt,ave_3,33_6.txt,val
Nature Microbiology,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/10_2.png,A,"Microbiome predicts potato growth potential
Pictured is an aerial image from a drone-mounted camera of a potato trial field. In this issue, Song et al. show that time-resolved drone imaging of potato crop development and seed tuber microbiome data can be used to predict potato vigour, or growth potential.
See Song et al.
Image: Elisa Atza, Technical University Delft. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Five years of Nature Microbiology
Shown are Escherichia coli and the cheese-associated bacterium Pseudomonas psychrophila growing with a cheese-associated Penicillium fungus. Pierce and colleagues study the interactions between fungi and bacteria in microbiomes. They combine random barcode transposon-site sequencing, RNA sequencing, bacterial cytological profiling and metabolomics to reveal that fungi can affect the fitness of bacterial mutants through a variety of mechanisms. Their findings may translate to a better understanding of the effects of fungi on bacterial phenotypes in mixed-species microbiomes.
See Pierce, E. C. et al.
Image: Emily Pierce, University of California, San Diego and Elliot Weiss, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_12.txt,allv2,6_12.txt,"Unravelling diet–microbiome interactions
This image depicts a Rube Goldberg-type representation of the gut microbiota, playfully showing the process of converting various food items into metabolites. In this issue, Quinn-Bohmann et al. have developed a community-scale metabolic modelling approach for predicting personalized short-chain fatty acid production by the gut microbiota in response to prebiotic, probiotic and dietary inputs. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid of interest in the paper, is featured as golden stick figures towards the bottom of the composition.
See Quinn-Bohmann et al.
Image: Sam D'Orazio and Institute for Systems Biology (ISB). Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_6.txt,sbert,9_6.txt,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes
Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.
See Vitkup, D. et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,multiBv1,5_8.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/28_2.png,D,"Mouse model amyloid structures
Mice that have been genetically modified to mimic Alzheimer's disease are vital for research into the condition. Zielinski et al. analyzed amyloid-β fibrils in different mouse models and identified striking structural variations. The image shows a cross-section through a 3D reconstruction of an amyloid-β fibril from an APP23 mouse, identical to the type 2 fibril found predominantly in patients with familial Alzheimer's disease (a rare, early-onset inherited form).
See Zielinski, Peralta Reyes et al.
Image: Mara Zielinski/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/26_1.txt,ave_3,26_1.txt,"Autolysosome build-up in AD models
By fluorescently tagging the autophagy ‘waste recycling’ pathway in neurons in the brains of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Lee and colleagues visualized a massive build-up of waste-filled vacuoles that cause the neurons’ circumferences to bulge in a unique flower-like pattern. These vacuoles, which contain forms of amyloid-ß, also coalesce centrally around the (DAPI-blue stained) nucleus, generating a senile (amyloid) plaque within the still-intact neuron. The rosettes of fluorescent protrusions from the cell membrane surface (blebs) are packed with autophagic vacuoles tagged by eGFP–mRFP–LC3; imaged on a section of cortex from the 5xFAD mouse model of AD.
See Lee et al.
Image: Ralph A. Nixon. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/25_7.txt,allv2,25_7.txt,"Special issue on glia
Communication between glial cells has a profound effect on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Huang et al. report that reactive astrocytes impose cell distancing in peri-plaque glial nets via the guidance receptor Plexin-B1, which affects microglial access and compaction of amyloid plaques. The cover art depicts a fishing net catching fish, which symbolizes glial nets surrounding amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease.
See Huang et al.
Image: Lily Armstrong-Davies, Mount Sinai Health Systems. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_5.txt,ave_2,27_5.txt,"Tau in AD extracellular vesicles
Brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to have a role in the clearance and spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the pathological tau species that are associated with EVs and how they contribute to clearance is unclear. Fowler, Behr and colleagues used electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) to image EVs from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, directly visualizing the unexpected membrane-tethering of short tau filaments within EVs. The cover image represents the release of EVs containing membrane-tethered tau filaments from a neuron by blending the cryo-ET data with Gustav Klimt’s symbolist style.
See Fowler and Behr et al.
Image: Shraddha Nayak, VisLab, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,test
Nature Food,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_8.png,D,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Antimicrobial resistance in livestock systems
Antimicrobial use and overuse in livestock production is a key driver of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. Although different antimicrobials are typically used in humans and animals, resistance genes can spread horizontally in the environment — even to bacterial populations with no previous exposure to antimicrobials.
Now, a genomic analysis of Escherichia coli samples taken during the past 50 years from livestock production sites in China reveals patterns of AMR spread and identifies plasmids that conferred increasing resistance for critically important veterinary and human antimicrobials. Policy actions informed by the biology underlying AMR are urgently needed to curtail the use of antimicrobials in livestock production and limit the global spread of AMR.
See Yang et al.
Image: Ted Horowitz / The Image Bank / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,"Food systems air pollution
Poor air quality is considered one of the greatest environmental mortality risk factors. While progress has been made on air pollution from the industry, transportation, solid waste management and household sectors, air quality has been largely absent from the discussion of food systems, and of human and planetary health. The development of tools for estimating air pollution from food systems have not kept pace with other sectors.
The European Commission’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) is now used to develop an inventory of NH3, NOx, N2O, SO2, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter emitted in the production (including land-use change), distribution, consumption and waste of food. Air pollution emissions from food systems have risen over the past 50 years, corresponding to more than half of total nitrogen emissions and more than a third of particulate matter globally. More than a fifth of deaths due to poor air quality are related to pollution from food systems.
See Crippa et al. and Balasubramanian and Babbar
Image: James Jordan Photography / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_2.txt,ave_3,3_2.txt,"Food-borne pathogens and the pig industry
Salmonella enterica is a pathogen that can cause serious food-borne illnesses in humans. As many cases go unreported, the prevalence of infections might be largely underestimated, underscoring the importance of understanding the reasons for the rise of S. enterica. Human activities contribute to the global spread of this pathogen, much of which comes from modernized livestock production systems. Over the past century, the pig industry has contributed to the spread of S. enterica through intensive farming, overuse of antimicrobials leading to the acquisition of resistance genes, and the global pork trade. Pigs are now the main source of transmission of the pathogen to other hosts. Greater emphasis on the surveillance of S. enterica infections in humans and animals is key to prevent future disease outbreaks.
See Li et al.
Image: WLADIMIR BULGAR/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/ Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,train
Science Advances,11_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_8.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of a universal prion-based mechanism for ionic strength sensing (represented by gauge) inside animal cells. An ever-expanding fraction of the global population faces rising temperatures and water scarcity, conditions that place excessive ionic stress on cells and tissues. Khandwala et al. show that increasing ionic strength inside cells activates a mitigative transcriptional program controlled by the protein NFAT5. This discovery links climate medicine and cell biology, providing a foundation for developing therapies against climate change-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease. Credit: Kate Zvorykina and Ella Marushchenko (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_8.txt,groundtruth,11_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER A three-dimensional image of a mouse kidney section acquired via laser scanning confocal microscopy. The three colors correspond to three fluorescent stains DAPI (purple), phalloidin (blue), and wheat germ agglutinin (yellow). Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool in biological research, but the content and quality of acquired images limits observations of biological phenomena. Mandracchia et al. introduce image quality by modeling the image acquisition process and using pixelwise noise correction. Multiscale image restoration through optimally sparse representation (MIRO) enables fast, low-light optical microscopy by restoring the fluorescence signal for a wide range of microscopy systems. Credit: © 2023 Shu Jia",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_35.txt,sbert,9_35.txt,ONLINE COVER An artistic depiction showing the delivery of DNA molecules via acousto-thermal transfection into a human cell. This technique uses acoustic waves and localized heating to enhance the permeability of cell membranes. Previous methods faced difficult tradeoffs between efficiency and cell viability. Liu et al. propose an acoustothermal transfection approach combining acoustic and thermal effects on cells to realize the efficient delivery of multiple large plasmids while maintaining cell viability and easy scalability. This approach may become a powerful tool for future cellular and gene therapies. Credit: Liu et alMAC_Bench/Science Advances,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_16.txt,allv2,10_16.txt,"ONLINE COVER An instant structured illumination microscopy view of the perinuclear region (the cytoplasmic region just around the cell nucleus), featuring the accumulation of septin-7 along the convex ridge. Zhovmer et al. describe how septins (a group of GTP-binding proteins) sense surrounding obstacles and shape cells for movement by locking them onto surrounding collagen fibers. The septin-based interactions drive peristaltic propulsion of cell content along individually contracting cell segments. The research may enable more effective CAR-T cell therapy, through a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in lymphocyte migration. Credit: Alexander Zhovmer",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_1.txt,multiBv1,10_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.png,D,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,"Preparation of a conventional battery electrode requires successful integration of the active material, polymeric binder, carbon additive, and metallic current collector. Replacing the last three components with a macroscopic carbon nanotube fiber and a growing uniform layer of active material (e.g. here MoS2) can not only reduce the dead weight of the electrode components, but also provides a notable gain in capacity and toughness.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2021_7.txt,ave_3,2021_7.txt,"The cover depicts a solid ion-exchange and diffusion method developed to achieve a metal–organic framework derived sulfidation strategy for carbon-encapsulated metal sulfides. This architectural design makes these nanohybrid electrodes display outstanding capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life for Li-ion batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_2.png,C,"Tumor vasculature (also referred to as perivascular niche) functions as a signaling
hub that can impact on tumor evolution and therapy response. In this issue, Nowosad
et al. review how the perivascular niche promotes cancer stemness, immune evasion, dormancy,
and metastatic spreading. The cover image draws inspiration from the Greek myth of
the Lernaean Hydra. In a modern context, this myth metaphorically aligns with the
intricate landscape of intratumor heterogeneity. The image showcases diverse snakes,
symbolizing the various tumor subpopulations characterized by distinct identities.
These subpopulations expand within the network of blood vessels (represented in red)
that are structured with different cell types. Similar to the Hydra's many heads presenting
a formidable challenge, the complex interplay of cancer populations residing within
these meticulously organized perivascular niches presents a puzzle that needs to be
unraveled. Cover conceptualization by Panagiotis Karras and Ada Nowosad. Cover art
and design by Ola Kwiecin´ska (Olamaloú).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_2.txt,allv2,9_2.txt,"In late stage cancer, tumor cells can escape the primary organ and colonize new organs.
It has been observed that some organs are more commonly colonized by cancer cells
than others, suggesting that metastatic outgrowth arises when there is compatibility
between the tumor ‘seed’ and its new environment ‘soil.’ Others have argued that metastatic
outgrowth is determined by mechanical properties associated with patterns of circulation.
In this issue, Azubuike and Tanner discuss the biophysical determinants of organotropism
in cancer and argue that both theories can work in concert to explain organotropism.
The cover depicts a tumor’s (ship) voyage to new organs (land) and the various obstacles
it must adapt to in order to colonize and survive in the new site. Cover image adapted
with permission from gettyimages/shevvers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_10.txt,sbert,9_10.txt,"It was a long-held notion that cancer cells could only grow if
angiogenesis was induced. However, recent findings have shown that some forms
of cancer can grow in the absence of angiogenesis by exploiting existing vessels.
In this issue, Harris et al. review the mechanisms supporting a revision of one of
the Hallmarks of Cancer from ‘inducing angiogenesis’ to ‘inducing or accessing
the vasculature.’ Cover image design from gettyimages/MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE
PHOTO LIBRARY.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Tumors have evolved numerous mechanisms to obtain the nutrients
they need to grow and to cope with changing environments. Much work has led to
the identification and the therapeutic exploitation of various metabolic vulnerabilities
of
tumor cells. Recent findings are also uncovering mechanisms in which neighboring cells
can be metabolically altered to promote cancer progression. In this special issue,
we
explore recent advances in tumor metabolism. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/
farakos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_5.txt,multiBv1,7_5.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_5.png,A,"On the cover: One of the X chromosomes in females is inactivated through X chromosome
inactivation (XCI). However, several X-linked genes escape from XCI and contribute
to female-biased gene expression. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tomofuji et al. develop scLinaX, a new bioinformatics tool to quantify the escape from XCI and elucidate
the sex differences of gene regulation. The cover art depicts leaky lights from the
inactivated X chromosome that represent the escape from XCI. Crafted by Anna Tsukasaki,
this image visually captures the essence of the scLinaX method.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"On the cover: Hormone therapy and concomitant gender-affirmation surgery in transgender
patients offer a unique chance to examine the effects of sex hormones on healthy tissues.
In this issue of Cell Genomics, Raths et al. explore the molecular effects of androgen therapy in a multimodal single-cell
resolution atlas of breast tissue from transgender men. The study sheds light on how
hormone-responsive cell types in the mammary gland control a wide range of cellular
processes and considers the findings in the context of breast cancer, metabolic disease,
and gender differences. The cover art (acrylic pouring on canvas) symbolizes the intricate
cellular structure of the mammary gland where epithelial cells interact with fibroblasts,
blood vessels, immune cells, and adipocytes. The blue, pink, and white colors are
often used to symbolize the transgender community and their journey of transition.
Original artwork by Justyna Kanska; digital reproduction by Florian Raths.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_10.txt,ave_3,3_10.txt,"On the cover: X chromosome copy number varies in the human population. As reported
in this issue of Cell Genomics, San Roman et al. harnessed this variation to discover that the “inactive” X chromosome
regulates expression of the “active” X chromosome. The cover is inspired by Andy Warhol’s
1960s pop art paintings, which were produced contemporaneously with the discovery
of X chromosome inactivation, the premier example of epigenetic regulation. As shown
here, the inactive X chromosome can be visualized as a heterochromatic density at
the nuclear periphery that is known as the “Barr body.” The cells here depict the
range of X chromosome copy number interrogated in the present study—from one to four.
Since all but one X chromosome are inactivated in each cell, this is visualized as
zero to three Barr bodies (inactive X chromosomes). Illustration by Caitlin Rausch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,ave_2,3_5.txt,train
Matter,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_7.png,C,"On the Cover: Like powerful artifacts in manga, perovskites have proven to hold powerful
secrets and demonstrated behaviors beyond their initial appearance and measure, serving
as a transition between light and energy. Unplanned, this month’s issue sees three
independent perovskite research articles from Mali and colleagues (635–653), Zhou
and colleagues (582–599), and Liu and colleagues (709–721), as well as a review by
Wang and colleagues (528–551). How can you use perovskites to power up?",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Matter marks the inaugural “Pieces of Matter” issue, with a collection of six invited Perspectives,
five featured in this issue (see the contributions by Buonassisi, Jen/Yip, Loi, Stranks,
Walsh, and Yang) with a focus on a single materials system: perovskites. The cover,
contributed by co-editor of the collection, Yuanyuan Zhou, and created by Ms. Xinran
Xu, from the Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, depicts
perovskites as the centerpiece to an art gallery exhibition, highlighting illustrative
examples of physics, atomistic structure, device engineering, machine learning, etc.,
i.e. disparate “pieces” that compose a research field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_1.txt,multiBv1,4_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image of this issue of Matter by Feeney and Petry et al. illustrates the thermal evaporation process of a perovskite absorber in an industrial
setting. The image captures the formation of perovskite directly in its photoactive
cubic alpha phase, a result of kinetic trapping of initially formed crystallites as
they come into contact with exposed phosphonic acid anchoring groups on the surface.
In addition, the incorporation rate of formamidinium iodide (FAI) markedly increases
when the perovskite crystallizes in the alpha phase, enabling higher overall production
throughput. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of how surface chemistry
influences the crystallization dynamics of co-evaporated perovskite precursors, thereby
advancing the field of perovskite solar cell technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"On the cover: Chirality is a fundamental property of the universe. The cover of this
issue of Matter presents the synthesis of bichiral perovskite nanocrystals by Liu et al. The primary visual elements of the illustration, featuring two types of chiral nanocrystals,
represent mirror-symmetrical matter in the cosmos. Stimulated by high-energy radiation
in the universe, these perovskite nanoscintillators generate photogenerated charge
carriers with opposite spin directions. This introduces a novel concept of chiral
perovskite scintillator materials with promising prospects for innovative materials,
drug delivery systems, and various bioengineering applications.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_11.txt,ave_2,7_11.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_1.png,B,"Biofunctional biomaterials aim to positively interact with the host and through their biophysical, biochemical and/or biological cargo to stimulate the innate reparative machinery, thereby promoting functional repair and regeneration. To this end, biomaterial-based carriers (e.g., particles, spheres), chemical systems (e.g., dendrimers, stimuli responsive polymers) and biological molecules (e.g., peptides) are at the forefront of scientific and technological research and innovation. Images have been adapted from the following papers: (1) Chan et al., Synthetic strategies for engineering intravenous hemostats; (2) Leiro et al., The present and the future of degradable dendrimers and derivatives in theranostics; (3) Fontana et al., Three-dimensional microgel platform for the production of cell factories tailored for the nucleus pulposus; (4) Wu et al., Dendrimers in medicine: Therapeutic concepts and pharmaceutical challenges; (5) Liu et al., Rationally engineering phototherapy modules of eosin-conjugated responsive polymeric nanocarriers via intracellular endocytic pH gradients; (6) Gong et al., Releasable conjugation of polymers to proteins; (7) Son et al., Magnetofection mediated transient NANOG overexpression enhances proliferation and myogenic differentiation of human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells; (8) Samorezov et al., Dual ionic and photo-cross-linked alginate hydrogels for micropatterned spatial control of material properties and cell behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_6.txt,allv2,2015_6.txt,Coacervate microgels (particle-like structures in light blue) were formed from IgG(Alexa488) (green) and conjugates of pullulan (light blue) with a cell membrane-permeabilizing peptide L17E (red). The interaction of the microgel leads to a dynamic structural change of the cell membrane (shown as waves) and the intracellular IgG infusion.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The drawing depicts microspheres formed from highly-homogeneous Tetra-PEG hydrogels that serve as subcutaneous depots for a novel drug delivery system. Drugs – peptides, proteins, or small molecules – are covalently attached to the hydrogel backbone by self-cleaving",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_8.txt,multiBv1,2016_8.txt,"The bioactivity of a hydrogel is dynamically modified using three modalities. In the top panel, photoreactive sites within the hydrogel matrix covalently link to photoreactive biomolecules in areas of light exposure. In the middle panel, an enzyme links biomolecules into enzyme recognition sites present within the gel network. In the bottom panel, non-covalently bound biomolecules are displaced from their “host” docking sites by molecules tagged with higher binding affinity “guest” groups. Cover art illustrated by Lauren Halligan, Duke University.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,test
Trends in Microbiology,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/33_2.png,B,"On pages 872–886, Michelle Mulcahy and Rachel McLoughlin explore the dynamic interplay
between Staphylococcus aureus and the host immune system during commensal colonization at the nasal epithelium.
The cover image playfully depicts S. aureus ‘talking’ to human keratinocytes and resident immune cells (T cells) within the nasal
cavity. The T cells in turn ‘communicate’ with neutrophils (PMN) which act to control
bacterial levels at this site, as well as keratinocytes which release antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs) to directly target the bacteria. Cover image and design by Michelle
Mulcahy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,"Complement component C3 is historically considered an extracellular
protein, protecting the intravascular space from invasion by microbes. More recently,
emerging intracellular roles of C3 have been identified, such as facilitating cellular
survival and decreasing pathogen burden. One such protective role is that C3 targets
cytoinvasive bacteria for autophagy-mediated degradation, unless the bacteria
express omptins, which can cleave C3 off the bacterial surface. In this cover image,
the cell is figuratively depicted as a dragon, protecting the intracellular environment
by breathing C3 (as flames) that can potentially enclose bacterial invaders. Omptins
expressed by bacteria are denoted as shields, which can cleave C3 off the bacteria,
thus, allowing them to persist and proliferate. However, in the absence of omptins,
the
C3 that is coating the bacteria enhances the recruitment of ATG16L1 and LC3, which
promotes autophagy targeting (represented by 'LC3' traps in the ground), rendering
the
bacteria unable to proliferate or further damage the cell. Image courtesy: DrawImpacts,
www.drawimpacts.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/30_9.txt,ave_3,30_9.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.txt,allv2,33_1.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_17.png,A,Bipyridine–silver(I) compounds with phosphane co-ligands induce paraptotic cell death and emerge as interesting drug candidates for the treatment of resistant ovarian cancer (created with BioRender.com). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"Anticancer and antiangiogenic iron(II) complexes targeting thioredoxin reductase to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. (Xie, L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00917) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2017_20.txt,sbert,2017_20.txt,"Compound 17, a novel L-783277 derivative rigidified by incorporation of a phenyl ring, is highly selective and potent on VEGFR3 and VEGFR2. The cover shows that 17 is capable of suppressing tumor growth by inhibiting both lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. (Han, Y.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01025)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_5.txt,multiBv1,2019_5.txt,"The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_1.png,B,"On the cover: Plants respond acutely to environmental cues such as light and temperature.
Such responses result in altered gene expression; however, the cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor networks controlling these changes remain
largely undefined. Sullivan et al. now map the regulatory landscapes of photomorphogenesis
and heat shock, disclosing thousands of environmentally sensitive elements and TF regulatory
circuits underlying these responses. Their results provide a resource for A. thaliana gene regulation and functional biology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/8_1.txt,allv2,8_1.txt,"On the Cover: Two 3D reconstructions of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, showing
the domains of transcription and translation (in magenta) and protein accumulation
(in green) of the transcription factor MONOPTEROS. In this issue, Cavalleri et al. report that MONOPTEROS protein is stable in tissues with high auxin content, while
accumulation is prevented by proteasomal degradation in domains with low auxin. This
regulation is required to correctly modulate root development and sensitivity to auxin.
Image credit: Alex Cavalleri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts the expression of multiple cell fate determinants
and the PLT2 transcription factor gradient in growing root tips. In this issue, Durgaprasad
et al. report that dosage of PLT2, expressed in a gradient, orchestrates regeneration
competence at the root tip. Image by Kavya Durgaprasad and artwork by Anju P S.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/29_12.txt,sbert,29_12.txt,"On the cover: Transcriptional dysregulation and altered neural differentiation are
potentially early events in the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The neural
transcriptome and differentiation state of neural progenitor cells are altered in
AD in part through loss of function of the transcriptional repressor REST. Shown is
nuclear REST (red) in nestin-positive neural progenitors (green) derived from iPS
cells of an AD patient. Note the absence of nuclear REST in a subset of cells that
have spontaneously differentiated into neurons becoming positive for the early neuronal
marker doublecortin (turquoise color). The image was prepared by Katharina Meyer and
King-Hwa Ling.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/26_9.txt,multiBv1,26_9.txt,test
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_2.png,C,"Chemical gardens are self-organized, inorganic precipitate structures. They can nucleate silicate crystallization that eventually embeds the tubular shapes. The resulting lab-grown samples show intriguing similarities to mineral filaments preserved in agates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,SEM image of the ferrihydrite added to the radioiodine-contaminated sediment samples in the column sorption and transport experiments. The SEM image was taken by Odeta Qafoku (PNNL).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,Tl+ added to birnessite in low Tl+/Mn doses triggers laminar to tunneled structure transformation via Mn(IV) reduction by water oxidation from the laminar birnessite.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The Dallol volcano and its fascinating poly-extreme hydrothermal field are conspicuous features of salt vulcanism driven by dehydration and hydrolysis of highly hydrated minerals interlayered in the 2 km thick evaporitic sequence deposited after the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) was recurrently flooded by the Red Sea. Photograph by Fermin Otálora.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_1.txt,multiBv1,2022_1.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_780,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_780.png,D,"ONLINE COVER  Brighter Horizons for an HIV Vaccine. Despite decades of intensive research, an effective vaccine against HIV remains elusive. An ideal vaccine would generate broadly neutralizing antibodies to cope with viral diversity, which would require naive B cells to embark on a series of activation and maturation steps. Havenar-Daughton and colleagues investigated how human naive B cells recognized a structure-based HIV vaccine candidate. B cells that bound the vaccine protein used the same gene segments found in several potent broadly neutralizing antibodies that target a vulnerable portion of the virus. These results suggest that the vaccine candidate could stimulate the right type of B cell, bringing the dream of an HIV vaccine a bit closer to reality. [CREDIT: DANITA DELIMONT/GETTY IMAGES]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/10_448.txt,allv2,10_448.txt,"   

Untitled Document
ONLINE COVER Schematic Representation of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein (Env) Trimeric Spike. Shown is the molecular surface of the crystal structure of the core gp120 exterior Env (light blue) modeled inside the cryo-EM density (external blue sheen) defined by the Subramaniam group at the NIH. On the surface of the left most core monomer are the residue contacts for the human broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) VRC01 within the primary receptor CD4 binding site (yellow and orange) and for the non-broadly neutralizing CD4 binding site-directed mAbs (red and orange; orange are common footprint residues) elicited by soluble Env trimers in nonhuman primates. The VRC01 mAb is able to access its epitope by a side approach to the HIV-1 primary isolate spike and neutralize diverse viruses (yellow mAb, right, heading for its yellow/orange CD4 binding site footprint/epitope). However, the non-broad vaccine-induced mAbs (not shown) described by Sundling et al. cannot access their red/orange epitope by the same orientation due to clashes with trimer-axial elements of the spike and are unable to neutralize most circulating HIV-1 isolates. [CREDIT: CHRISTIAN POULSEN AND CHRISTINA CORBACI, SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/4_142.txt,ave_3,4_142.txt,"ONLINE COVER Necessary Neutralization. This image depicts a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) broadly neutralizing antibody, PGT121 (blue), bound to an Fc receptor (red) and interacting with HIV envelope protein on the surface of an infected cell (white and teal). In this study, Hangartner  et al. treated rhesus macaques with variants of PGT121 that are unable to bind Fc receptors to understand if Fc receptor binding is required to mediate protection by PGT121. They found that variants which can only function by neutralization were equally effective at protecting female macaques against intravaginal simian-HIV infection. These results demonstrate that certain broadly neutralizing antibodies may not require Fc receptors to mediate protection. [CREDIT: L. HANGARTNER AND C. CORBACI/THE SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_585.txt,sbert,13_585.txt,"ONLINE COVER Against All Odds. The cover image shows an engineered HIV immunogen, 10.17GS (red and orange) in complex with an inferred unmutated common ancestor of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody, DH270 (gray and white). Glycans are shown in tan. HIV vaccines are designed to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies. However, development of these antibodies requires accumulation of rare somatic mutations. Here, Swanson et al. engineered 10.17GS to specifically elicit these unlikely, but essential mutations, finding that it did so in three humanized immunoglobulin mouse models. This immunogen, and others like it, may increase the odds of a successful HIV vaccine. Credit: Swanson et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_780.txt,groundtruth,17_780.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.png,B,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram of the mechanism underlying the regulation of monocyte migration and differentiation by β-arrestin2, further mediating hepatocyte apoptosis in autoimmune hepatitis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01103-9). See the article in pages 2048–2064",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_3.txt,allv2,44_3.txt,"Cover Credit: PANoptosis is a new type of cell death featured with pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis as a result of PANoptosome formation. The core components of PANoptosome are CASP8 and RIPK3. The picture is a fluorescence microscopic visualization of the PANoptosome formed in macrophages which can be inhibited by inhibitors of reverse electron transport. Doi: 10.1038/s41401-023-01182-8. See the article in pages 594–608",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,sbert,45_1.txt,"Cover Credit: Bergapten on NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation produces potent therapeutic effects in a wide array of inflammatory diseases. The schematic describes that bergapten, a natural organic compound in herbal medicines and fruits, effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and pyroptosis through maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy, suggesting its potential role in suppressing the inflammatory response. See the article in pages 1867–1878.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_4.txt,ave_2,44_4.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_6.png,C,"On the cover: Taguchi et al. (pp. 289–299) describes global comparison of plasma proteomic
profiles from mouse models of cancer, which uncovers plasma protein signatures for
lung cancer that are relevant to human lung cancer even at the pre-diagnostic stage.
Cover Image by Yoko Kazdal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"On the cover: Taylor et al. (pages 11–22) describe an integrative analysis of genomic
alterations in prostate cancer that, of several findings, identifies patterns of DNA
copy-number alterations that are associated with the risk of disease relapse. Illustration
by Nathan Marks.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/18_6.txt,ave_2,18_6.txt,"On the cover: Casanova-Salas et al. demonstrate how the genomic and transcriptomic cargo within circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsies provides valuable insights into metastatic prostate
cancer outcomes and treatment responses and how this information could facilitate
the identification of biomarkers for guiding therapy switch decisions. The cover artwork
features an EV-lit traffic light, symbolizing the important role that circulating
EVs could play in the trafficking of clinically actionable information. Image credit:
Carlos Córdoba Terreros.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Yu et al. (page 443–454) employ a compendium of genome-wide
location analyses to reveal an integrated network of androgen receptor (AR), the Polycomb
group protein EZH2, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression. The
left circle represents prostate cancer cells in which EZH2 is stained green, whereas
the right circle depicts the nucleus of a prostate cancer cell harboring ERG rearrangement
as shown by dual color break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. The background
images represent network diagrams, model schemas, and stained prostate cancer tissues.
Illustration by Sooryanarayana Varambally, University of Michigan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_10.png,D,"Arctic methane sink
The Arctic is considered a source of atmospheric methane, but its methane budget is uncertain and sinks may be underestimated. In this issue, Voigt et al. demonstrate methane uptake in well-drained Arctic soils. This uptake is driven by soil moisture and carbon availability, and represents a potential increased methane sink with drier soils under climate change.
See Voigt et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Evan J. Wilcox, Universität Hamburg. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_3.txt,allv2,13_3.txt,"Peat fire emissions and degradation
Northern peatlands are carbon-dense ecosystems, yet the future of their carbon stocks is uncertain. In this issue, Wilkinson et al. used data from natural, degraded and restored peatlands in boreal and temperate regions to show that wildfire reduced peatland carbon uptake and enhanced emissions from degraded peatlands. Without active peatland restoration, climate change will accelerate peatland emissions and weaken the resilience of this carbon sink.
See Wilkinson et al.
Image: Maydays/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_8.txt,sbert,13_8.txt,"Water-table impact on peat emissions
The climate impact of water-table drawdown in peatlands is unclear as carbon dioxide emissions increase and methane emissions decrease due to drying. Writing in this issue, Huang et al. show that decreasing water-table depth results in net greenhouse gas emissions from global peatlands, despite reducing methane emissions.
SeeHuang et al.and News & Views byMorris
Image: RJH_IMAGES / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_6.txt,ave_3,11_6.txt,"Boreal–Arctic wetland methane emissions
Boreal–Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to climate change. Writing in this issue, Yuan and colleagues analysed two decades (2002–2021) of methane emissions from this region and show a robust increasing trend, with strong inter-annual variation. This analysis used eddy covariance and chamber observations, and highlights substantial impacts of warming and vegetation activity.
See Yuan et al. and News & Views by Christensen
Image: Jeremy Snyder, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_10.txt,groundtruth,14_10.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_2.png,B,"The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism includes several enzymes and compounds
which can modulate T cell function, but manipulating these pharmacologically has not
achieved the expected therapeutic activity for the treatment of autoimmune disorders
and cancer. In a review article of this issue, Trevor Stone and Richard Williams introduce
the kynurenine pathway and sites of action for the compounds within it which modulate
the activity of immune system cells. They also summarize recent advances in developing
novel compounds to modify the pathway, and present examples of interactions between
the kynurenine pathway and other signal transduction systems. The cover image is an
illustration of T cells (red) attacking cancer cells. Image credit: Meletios Verras
via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/44_7.txt,ave_3,44_7.txt,"Development of protective immune responses relies on a balance
between proinflammatory CD4 T helper (Th) cell populations such as Th17 cells and
regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) that keep immune activation in check. In this issue,
Kaul
and Schwartzberg discuss the role of interleukin-2–inducible T cell kinase (Itk),
which
controls the activation of phospholipase C gamma, Ca2+ influx and the activity of the
NFAT transcription factor, in regulating the balance between Th17 and Tregs. They
also explore the potential of inhibiting Itk as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune
diseases. Dark pink/orange cells are Th17 cells with greater Itk activity and Ca2+ flux.
Light pink cell represents a Treg cell with decreased Itk activity and Ca2+ flux. Cover
art designed by Alexander Stewart, NIAID using Maxon Cinema4D Software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,"Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) exert a variety of functions through regulation of
the cell cycle and gene expression. Recent results have deciphered the molecular mechanisms
employed by nuclear CDKs to support the expression of inflammatory mediators. The
abilities of CDK6 to trigger expression of inflammatory genes and to recruit the nuclear
factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 to its target sites are largely independent from
its kinase function. On pages 101–113 in this issue, Michael Kracht and M. Lienhard
Schmitz discuss how involvement of CDKs in pro-inflammatory gene expression allows
therapeutic targeting of their functions to interfere with tumor-promoting inflammation
or chronic inflammatory diseases. Cover image courtesy of IstockPhoto/Kevin Smart",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/37_11.txt,allv2,37_11.txt,"We are only now beginning to understand the natural tumor immune surveillance mechanisms
and why our immune systems sometimes fail to halt tumor development and growth. In
this issue, Pellegrini and colleagues discuss how encouraging results with the latest
immunotherapies, particularly those relating to cytokines, have generated new enthusiasm
in the field. The cover image ``Tumor with T- cells'' shows normal cells in pink,
cancer cells in green, lymphocytes in white and blood vessels in red. Designed by
Drew Berry, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/31_5.txt,multiBv1,31_5.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_5.png,D,"Warming threat to deep-ocean biodiversity
A soft coral sits at a depth of 2,200m on a small ridge (“Te Kawhiti o Maui Potiki”) near the Cook Islands. Marine biodiversity is at risk as the ocean warms, but currently the focus has been on the surface ocean, as the deep ocean warms less. In this issue, Brito-Morales et al. show that climate velocities (the speed and direction of isotherm displacement) are faster in the deep ocean than at the surface. Projections show this will continue, with implications for the ability of deeper marine life to adapt.
See Brito-Morales et al.
Image: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_7.txt,ave_2,10_7.txt,"Deoxygenation threatens reefs
Climate-change-associated ocean deoxygenation is a growing threat to marine ecosystems, including tropical coral reefs. In this issue, Pezner et al. use data from 32 coral reef habitats to demonstrate that hypoxic (low oxygen) conditions are already occurring on tropical coral reefs and that hypoxic event intensity, duration and severity will increase under continued ocean warming.
See Pezner et al.
Image: Yi Wei, National Sun Yat-sen University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_9.txt,allv2,13_9.txt,"The breadth and depth of ocean change
Climate change impacts on global oceans are varied, far-reaching and severe. In our Editorial we discuss work featured in this issue of Nature Climate Change, which ranges from the surface to the ocean depths, through physical changes and biological impacts, and encompasses scales from the sub-cellular to the global.
See Editorial.
Image: Olena Holubova / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_3.txt,ave_3,12_3.txt,"Debating coral futures
Coral reef bleaching is a common image of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. In this month’s issue, we feature three opinion pieces discussing the future of coral reefs, including the need to move beyond narratives of global loss and considerations over the costs and benefits of choosing active intervention pathways.
See Streit et al., Webster et al. and McClanahan
Image: Marianne Purdie/Moment/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_5.txt,groundtruth,14_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_8.png,D,"Anthropogenic warming is causing cryosphere degradation, which is increasing erosion and sediment transport. This Review describes changes in sediment fluxes and explains how peak sediment will be reached as a result of deglaciation and permafrost thaw.
Image credit: Ting Zhang. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"The Indian Ocean has undergone substantial heat and freshwater changes. This Review uses various data sources to examine the causes of such contemporary and longer-term shifts, revealing that trends over the twentieth century are linked to anthropogenic forcing, but that those since 1980 are related to the Interdecadal Pacific oscillation. See Ummenhofer et al.
Image: Somnuk Krobkum / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,"Degradation and loss of blue carbon ecosystems contributes to climate change, weakens coastal protection and threatens biodiversity. This Perspective outlines the actions required to achieve goals to restore and protect these ecosystems.
Image credit: Vincent Pommeyrol/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.txt,allv2,5_6.txt,"Tectonic processes can lead to the formation of semi-enclosed seas and the deposition of extensive salt deposits. This Review explores the drivers and impacts of the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis, including previously unconsidered impacts on the global carbon cycle.
Image credit: Nick Brundle Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,val
Nano Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_2.png,B,"The overall membrane composition efficiently controls trafficking of nanoscopic cargo in the cell. The illustration depicts cargo, such as nanoparticles or viruses, passively entering the cell by binding to membrane receptors (in green). The presence of curved inert membrane components (in purple and red) regulates the rate and selectivity of the trafficking process, even though these species do not bind the cargo or change the overall membrane curvature. Cover artwork created by Dr. Nicola De Mitri.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2018_4.txt,allv2,2018_4.txt,"Tuning the mechanobiology of cells can enhance the interaction between nanoparticles and the cell membrane. As a key regulator of cell mechanics, the inhibition of yes-associated protein (YAP) may be leveraged to optimize cell",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The interaction of the small molecule biotin with the protein streptavidin is widely used for non-covalent yet stable bonding in nanotechnology, biotechnology, and medicine. The cover highlights that the mechanical stability of the streptavidin/biotin complex depends strongly on the direction of the force application. Using machine-learning techniques, findings from hundreds of simulations were connected to experimental results, identifying the underlying molecular mechanism. Rafael C. Bernardi, Hermann E. Gaub, Zaida Luthey-Schulten, Diana A. Pippig, Marcelo C. R. Melo, Leonard C. Schendel, and Steffen M. Sedlak.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2019_7.txt,ave_2,2019_7.txt,"The magnetic nanoparticles are ideal candidates for the contactless regulation of thermosensitive biomolecules since they are able to transform alternating magnetic field (AMF) radiation into local nanoheating. Using a smart combination of magnetic nanoparticles with different magnetic response, it is possible to induce a selective activation of local nanoheating by tuning the frequency and field conditions of the AMF. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2021_8.txt,multiBv1,2021_8.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,11_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/11_2.png,D,"Intratumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer. Mutations, aberrant epigenetic changes,
and other perturbations increase the stochasticity of gene regulatory networks, increasing
entropy. This increase in entropy can result in cancer cell plasticity at the single
cell level and tumor heterogeneity at the population level. In this issue, Nijman
(pp. 454–461) proposes that cancer-associated perturbations collectively disrupt normal
gene regulatory networks by increasing their entropy. The cover image depicts Robert
Smithson’s earthwork sculpture, Spiral Jetty. This artwork articulates the artist’s fixation on entropy as well as the passage
of time and was inspired by an emblem of energy unfolding over time. Cover design
courtesy of gettyimages/Scott T. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_8.txt,ave_3,6_8.txt,"Recent work has revealed unappreciated functions of nucleotides that extend beyond
their canonical roles as substrates for DNA and RNA synthesis. In this issue, Shi
and Savani et al. discuss insights into these functions and the ways that they are exploited by tumor
cells. Nucleotides interact with growth pathways, protect cells from DNA damage, stimulate
central carbon metabolism, and direct cell fate decisions and cell-cell communication.
These advances offer new avenues for cancer therapy that leverage a deeper understanding
of nucleotide metabolism. The cover depicts a satellite emitting waves of nucleotides,
which transmit information within and between cells. Covert art and design courtesy
of Melissa Logies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_5.txt,ave_2,9_5.txt,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_1.txt,allv2,11_1.txt,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_2.txt,groundtruth,11_2.txt,train
Nature Water,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_4.png,A,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Sanitation in dense urban areas
A simple extension of conventional sanitation technologies cannot meet the rising needs in the rapidly expanding cities of the global south. The Comment by Abishek Sankara Narayan and colleagues presents a portfolio approach that systematically considers the co-existence of various sanitation systems, including centralized and decentralized sewer-based systems, varied types of on-site blackwater and greywater treatment, and household-level treatment in situ. The approach optimizes the integration of these systems to achieve multiple outcomes, including public health, environmental protection, climate resilience, resource recovery, and equity. The cover image provides an aerial view of a densely populated township in South Africa.
See Narayan et al.
Image: John Wang / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_4.png,D,"“Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus” or so the old adage goes. Although this
may not be in fact true, there are many relevant physiological and genetic differences
between the sexes. In pages 735–747 of this issue, Tower discusses sex-biased effects
in health and disease with regards to aging and lifespan from worms all the way up
to humans. Cover image is from istock/CSA-printstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/28_3.txt,allv2,28_3.txt,"With the ever increasing prevalence of diabetes it is important to understand how
environmental factors impact the disease. Recent studies have begun to uncover the
effect of endocrine disrupters in diabetes risk factors. In pages 612–625 of this
issue, Velmurugan and colleagues discuss how the gut microbiota metabolize these environmental
chemicals and the role this has in diabetes. Cover image is from istock/ TLFurrer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/28_5.txt,multiBv1,28_5.txt,"Since Warburg's time, it has been recognized that iron is essential for
metabolism. But how do cells utilize this versatile biometal? In this issue, Teh et al.
offer an exploration of iron's diverse roles, spanning cellular biochemistry to clinical
pathology. The cover illustrates the authors' goal to provide contemporary insights—
symbolized by a laptop on a lectern showcasing iron trafficking—into enduring
questions, represented by a gothic library adorned with iron-themed stained glass
and
ancient books. Cover credit: Sonhita Chakraborty (www.artbysonhita.com/)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.txt,sbert,35_1.txt,"Selenium is an essential trace element associated with both beneficial
and detrimental health effects. This month, Schomburg and colleagues (pp. 781–792)
review the current evidence suggesting a sexual dimorphism in the relationship
between selenium and diabetes, as high blood concentrations of this element have
been associated with an increased risk in men but a decreased risk in women,
particularly for gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The cover picture
highlights the fascinating interaction between selenium, diabetes and sex. Selenium
is
named after the Greek goddess of the moon and is depicted accordingly. She shines
favourably on women when it comes to protection from disease, particularly the risk
of gestational diabetes, while too much exposure could pose an additional diabetes
risk for sweet-toothed men. Cover credit: Katja May.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_4.txt,groundtruth,35_4.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_10.png,C,"Refugee mental health
The number of people displaced by climate-related natural disasters, political conflict and violence continues to grow. Refugees who have often been exposed to horrific conditions at home may also face further trauma in transit. In our November issue, we reflect on refugee mental health, which has often been considered less of a priority than basic needs such as food and shelter or where infrastructure is lacking. The cover symbolizes the potential for the mental health community to better reach and support refugees.
Read more about opportunities for improving refugee mental health in our Editorial, and see Nickerson et al. to learn more about promotive and protective factors for refugee mental health.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_2.txt,sbert,2_2.txt,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"Loneliness and social isolation
The cover of the March issue focuses on the issue of the experience of loneliness and social isolation that can occur even when one is surrounded by others. Research investigating these constructs considers the nuances of the subjective and objective dimensions — where loneliness refers to the distress that arises from feeling one does not have enough fulfilling social contact, and social isolation refers to the limited number and quality of social contacts. Notably, both are associated with poor physical and mental health. Finding ways to disrupt the feeling of loneliness and experiencing social isolation is crucial for protecting vulnerable people, such as adolescents and older adults.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Benedyk et al. on the effects of physical activity on loneliness and social isolation.
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,"Youth mental health
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of intense emotions and a crucial time for developing strategies for coping and processing emotions. In addition to facing normative developmental experiences, young people today are growing up in a time of great challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, gun violence and international conflict — all of which have negatively affected youth mental health. The cover for our August issue is deliberately moody and somber, reflecting the uncertainty of our times. Yet even in unexpected places, there is always hope. The shadow of a young person’s hand reaches for a bright poppy, often associated with the promise of a more peaceful future, depicting the need to continue to strive for a better world.
See our Editorial for more on the challenges facing youth mental health and some promising new research avenues.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_10.png,C,Illustration of two covalent adaptable networks (CANs): a thermal CAN (left) incorporating furan and maleimide Diels−Alder thermoreversible functional groups and a radical-mediated CAN (right) incorporating allyl sulfide reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer functional groups. See page 2643.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_19.txt,allv2,2010_19.txt,Homogeneous reversibly interlocking macromolecular networks are synthesized from two preformed immiscible polymer networks based on thermodynamic principles and dynamic covalent chemistry. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_23.txt,ave_3,2020_23.txt,"Upon specific stimuli, breaking and reforming of the chemical bonds in associative covalent adaptable networks (CANs) allow the rearrangement of network topology, offering the potential to address the challenge of recycling thermosets. A kinetic Monte Carlo model involving both cross-linking and exchange reactions is constructed to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction kinetics for the synthesis of CANs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Introducing a strategy to customize the dynamics of covalent adaptable networks via molecular-scale design. By modifying functional monomer moieties, this strategy adjusts vinylogous bond kinetics, enabling the properties of robustness, dynamics, shape-memory, reprocessibility, and degradation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_11.png,C,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,"Research on human navigation has largely been limited to Western
environments and participants, but anthropological accounts reveal diverse cultural
adaptations to navigation. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Pablo Fernandez-
Velasco and Hugo Spiers connect these anthropological studies with cognitive
science research, emphasizing the diverse, multimodal environmental cues used by
indigenous communities. They further show how environmental cues are integrated with
systematized knowledge, visualization techniques, and cognitive artifacts to produce
a
rich and varied array of navigation systems across different cultures. Cover image
from
Justin Lewis/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_12.txt,multiBv1,28_12.txt,"Psychological traits, including emotions, values, social behaviors, and
personality, exhibit variability across historical periods. These traits are reflected
in
the cultural artifacts of different periods. However, until recently, psychologists
have
largely lacked the tools needed to systemically analyze these ‘cultural fossils’.
In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nicholas Baumard and colleagues review how
recent computational advances are being used to systematically explore variability
in
cultural fossils, including the literature, paintings, and music of different periods,
and
what this variability may tell us about the values and preferences of different cultures.
For example, the authors examine how variations in depictions of children in paintings
may illuminate parental attitudes throughout different historical periods. Cover image:
Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zuñiga (1784–1792) by Goya.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_11.txt,groundtruth,28_11.txt,"Neuroaesthetics is concerned with understanding the biological bases of aesthetic
experiences. These experiences involve appraisals of natural objects, artifacts and
environments. Because aesthetic encounters are common in everyday life, exploring
their biological bases can deepen our understanding of human behavior in important
domains such as mate selection, consumer behavior, communication, and art. Chatterjee
and Vartanian review recent evidence showing that aesthetic experiences emerge from
the interaction between sensory–motor, emotion–valuation, and meaning–knowledge neural
systems. Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/18_6.txt,sbert,18_6.txt,test
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_8.png,D,"Imaging coronary arteries, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p696.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Remodelling after myocardial infarction, inspired by the Review on p373.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_7.txt,ave_3,20_7.txt,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_6.txt,multiBv1,20_6.txt,"Microvascular obstruction in the coronary tree, inspired by the Review on p283.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_34,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_34.png,C,"A novel type of photocatalyst-immobilized gel bead with interconnected macropores, which is designed and fabricated with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as the photocatalysts and calcium alginate as the gel matrix, is successfully developed for the efficient removal of pollutants in water via visible photocatalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_28.txt,allv2,2021_28.txt,"Morphology controlled, low bandgap nanoneedles of nickel cobaltite were successfully developed for the photocatalytic treatment of toxic wastewater.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_40.txt,sbert,2022_40.txt,This work presents grafting of a CuCo alloy bimetallic nanoparticle over g-C3N4 for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant ibuprofen and H2 gas evolution by water splitting.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_34.txt,groundtruth,2024_34.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: K. Viacava et al., “Low-Temperature Reactive Aerosol Processing for Large-Scale Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03213); S. Mishra et al., “Microwave Catalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Molecules by 2D Sheets of Spinel Nickel Ferrite” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02352); and J. Carneiro et al., “Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Metal-Based Cathode Electrocatalysts of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02773).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_16.txt,multiBv1,2020_16.txt,test
Nature Catalysis,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_10.png,D,"Electrifying regeneration
Lin and co-workers demonstrate that the performance degradation of mixed Ni–Fe hydroxide water oxidation electrocatalysts is due to their segregation into NiOOH and FeOOH phases. The authors find that this process is reversible between the water oxidation and catalyst reduction potentials, and show that the degraded electrocatalysts can be revivified under catalytic operating conditions via an intermittent reduction protocol.
See Lin et al.
Image: Feng Lin, Virginia Tech. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"A touch on surface reconstruction
Electrocatalysts, particularly those for water oxidation, often experience substantial or at least partial reconstruction. Here, Wang et al. are able to control surface reconstruction using a cationic redox-tuning method on layered LiCoO2–xClx catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The resulting optimized catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance in alkaline electrolyte.
See Wang et al.
Image: Younghee Lee. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_10.txt,ave_3,4_10.txt,"Ruthenium loners oxidise water
Ru-based electrocatalysts are among the most active for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic electrolyte but they commonly suffer from low stability. Here Wu, Li and co-workers report a core–shell catalyst consisting of a Pt3Cu core with a Pt-rich shell that stabilizes surface-dispersed Ru atoms. The compressive strain of the Pt shell fine-tunes the electronic structure of Ru sites, which results in high activity and stability for acidic water oxidation.
See Yao et al.
Image: Yuen Wu, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_9.txt,multiBv1,2_9.txt,"Durable manganese oxides
In their work, Ryuhei Nakamura, Jianping Xiao, Ailong Li and colleagues report a strategy to achieve high stability of MnO2 in acidic water oxidation under relevant proton exchange membrane electrolyser conditions by tuning the oxide structure and increasing the strength of Mn–O bonds, which suppresses Mn dissolution.
See Kong et al.
Image: Tomoyuki Wakashima, RIKEN. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_7.png,C,"In this Special Focus – Genomic Regulation issue, Trends in Cell Biology delves into
the nucleus to examine recent findings on myriad forms of genomic regulation, from
co-transcriptional splicing to Xist, and the role of such regulation in cell biology.
The cover was inspired by the concept of the DNA double helix as a starting point
for an impressive technical feat: employing layers of regulatory mechanisms in order
to engineer the specific expression patterns needed for proper cellular function.
Drawn in the style of Leonardo da Vinci, the DNA double helix is depicted alongside
Italian mirror writing describing technical aspects of the major and minor grooves
and the nucleotides. Cover image by Jackie Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_7.txt,ave_2,21_7.txt,"Since the discovery of DNA, scientists have focused on understanding how the sequence
of our genome can regulate the transmission of genetic material. However, recent advances
in genomic technology suggest that the linear sequence is only one factor involved
in regulating genome function. The functional properties of the genome also rely on
the inherent plasticity of chromatin via dynamic changes in its spatial and structural
organization inside the nucleus. Key to this plasticity is epigenetic modifications
including chemical modification of histones and DNA, nucleosome remodeling, and noncoding
RNAs. In appreciation of this rapid development, this special issue of Trends in Cell
Biology focuses on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of how the dynamic processes
of epigenetic and chromatin components integrate to regulate critical cellular processes.
The cover depicts an abstract interpretation of chromatin fibers that can be organized
to form looped domains inside the nucleus. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/OlgaYakovenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_2.txt,multiBv1,24_2.txt,"Noncoding variants are thought to be responsible for the vast majority
of our genetic predisposition to disease. Unlike coding variants, which disrupt amino
acid sequences, noncoding variants often disrupt transcription factor binding motifs
and alter gene regulation and gene expression. On pages 465-483 in this issue, Chin
&
Gardell et al. review the current state of noncoding variant prioritization and validation.
They highlight the challenges associated with obtaining definitive proof of noncoding
variant effects and suggest a workflow that provides the groundwork to move beyond
association and towards genetically informed studies on the molecular and cellular
mechanisms of polygenic diseases. Cover design by Cathrine Petersen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"Developmental gene expression is precisely coordinated by vast networks of transcriptional
enhancers, and accumulating evidence suggests chromatin accessibility, as well as
three-dimensional nuclear positioning, are fundamental to proper enhancer function.
In this issue, Rickels and Shilatifard (pages 608–630) review emerging trends in the
rapidly evolving enhancer field, and discuss how next-generation sequencing technologies
have enabled high-throughput enhancer identification and characterization at unprecedented
resolution. The cover image depicts a cowboy wrangling DNA from a distance, while
the lasso represents ring-like cohesin proteins that tether genes to enhancers by
encircling their DNA strands. Likewise, the “wild-west” theme is symbolic of the exciting,
yet still mysterious nature of enhancer biology, and the unexplored frontier that
lies ahead. Cover image created by Ryan Rickels based on a concept by Andrea Piunti.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/28_6.txt,allv2,28_6.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_11.png,A,"Recovering and resourcing from manure wastewater
Recovering ammonia from manure wastewater has multiple sustainability benefits. Qin and colleagues develop an electrochemical process that allows such removal efficiently and enables the production of decentralized fertilizers and chemicals.
See Wang et al.
Credit: Matauw, Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,"Floating wetlands for wastewater treatment
Floating treatment wetlands, pictured, can cost-effectively improve wastewater treatment in stabilization ponds. In a three-year study, Afzal et al. evaluated the performance of full-scale floating treatment wetlands in stabilization ponds receiving mixed sewage and industrial wastewater, and they demonstrated substantial improvement in all water quality parameters recorded.
See Afzal et al.
Image: Muhammad Afzal, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_4.txt,ave_3,2_4.txt,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,allv2,7_9.txt,"Sustainable rice farming in South Asia
The overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of rice can have detrimental environmental effects. With a large dataset from more than 31,000 farmer fields in South Asia, Coggins and colleagues identify pathways optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice cropping systems across the region.
See Coggins et al.
Image: Arunabh Bhattacharjee / Alamy Stock. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/8_1.txt,sbert,8_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.png,D,"A discussion of pituitary stem cells, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,"The β-cell in type 1 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p150.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_10.txt,ave_3,17_10.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_2.png,C,"Exhaustive simulation studies on SARS-CoV-2 targets and corticosteroids provide molecular insights into the prophylaxis effects of several drugs, e.g., dexamethasone, vitamin D3, ciclesonide, by identifying their probable target(s). This work also disinters an allosteric site of PLpro, which could act as a potential druggable site. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2023_7.txt,sbert,2023_7.txt,This Perspective analyzes the role of molecular architecture and molecular packing in obtaining the nanoscale morphologies for efficient organic photovoltaic devices.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2010_19.txt,multiBv1,2010_19.txt,"Aggregation leads to a considerable reduction in the medicinal effectiveness of drugs. This study investigates how structurally similar polyphenolic compounds self-aggregate, rendering them ineffective against cancer. Notably, due to dissimilarities in their backbone, the co-assembly prevents them from constructing a supramolecular architecture and disintegrates under physiological conditions, ultimately enhancing their effectiveness against cancer cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Observation of a specific hydrogen-bonding motif of the biomolecular building block indole, tryptophan's chromophore, in water, revealing strong hydrogen bonding to nitrogen accompanied by unstructured solvent interactions. Graphic was created using artificial intelligence: leonaro.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_9.png,C,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Port city pollution
Air pollution from the shipping industry is a problem in coastal cities. This study finds that although small-particulate pollution has fallen in China’s port cities, such as Tianjin (pictured), due to shipping emissions reductions, mortality associated with long-term exposure has risen.
See Luo et al.
Image: DuKai photographer/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,"Navigating the waters
Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones.
See Lu
Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_1.txt,sbert,1_1.txt,val
ACS ES&T Water,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_5.png,B,This work shows the marriage of single atoms with nanoparticles for enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The built-in electric field assisted Co SAs for efficient PMS activation via a nonradical pathway.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"The present work explores and demonstrates the electrochemical sensing capability of a highly stable bimetallic gold–copper nanocluster. The nanocluster can selectively sense heavy metal ion lead, Pb(II) through a specific gold–Pb(II) interaction, and is successfully extended to real sample analysis as well. Thus, a real-time monitoring strategy has been put forward.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The coupling of Fe and Co, Ni increases the abundance of PFRs as redox sites in biochar, while Zn inhibits the PFRs generation via blocking the electron transfer process. This study provides new methods for manipulating PFRs in biochar and updates the information about heterogeneous metals contained in the biomass pyrolysis process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_11.txt,ave_2,2023_11.txt,The iron electrode as a second anode can completely convert electrogenerated chlorine to FeIVO2+ for detoxifying antibiotics in mariculture wastewater.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_5.txt,multiBv1,2023_5.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_21.png,A,-wavelength deep ultraviolet emission from AlGaN quantum wires at macrostep edges and AlGaN quantum wells at macrostep terraces. The low dislocation density of AlN templates and dominant luminescence of the high-density quantum wires lead to a high internal quantum efficiency of 70%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,Unexpected N-polar AlN films are realized on Si-face 4H-SiC substrates by RF reactive magnetron sputtering and high-temperature annealing. The naturally oxidized SiC surface induces the formation of Si,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"The von Mises stress exceeds 1.11 GPa in AlN single crystals homoepitaxially grown by the physical vapor transport method. The total resolved shear stress in crystals grown along [001] (left), [10√3] (middle), and [100] (right) growth orientations shows 6-fold symmetry, reflection symmetry, and 2-fold symmetry, respectively",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_8.txt,allv2,2018_8.txt,"Optical microscope image showing planar, submicron, and nanoscale wires and grooves on the surface of InP(110) prepared by noncongruent sublimation. The circular (moon-like) feature contains high (low) density of Au nanoparticles which sacrifice themselves to form etch pits and running wires. These self-assembled structures were found on many III-V(110) surfaces and observed in situ by low-energy electron microscopy",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_5.txt,multiBv1,2017_5.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_3.png,A,"Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles involved in multi-system
responses. This month’s issue is dedicated to the complexity of mitochondrial
biology from cellular bioenergetics to whole-body physiology, with articles on the
relationship between mitochondrial shape and function (Wai), their interplay with
other
organelles (Lee et al.) their plasticity and function during oocyte development (Bahety
et al.), the role of mitochondrial calcium metabolism in metabolic processes (Huo and
Molkentin), the tissue specificity of mitochondrial diseases (Vela-Sebastián et al.)
and the interdisciplinary efforts needed to elucidate the role of this organelle in
psychobiological processes (Kelly et al.). The cover, a pop-art representation of the
variety of mitochondrial shapes, reflects the breadth of their functions and of the
topics included in this issue. Cover credit: Cover image from Grayson Ticer, VI4 Artist-in-Residence
Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_3.txt,groundtruth,35_3.txt,"Mitochondria are versatile organelles, involved not only in generating energy but
also in cellular signaling and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Recent findings
suggest that the shape of this organelle, governed by fusion and fission processes,
changes during the progression of apoptosis. On pages 287–294 of this issue, Wasilewski
and Scorrano discuss the machinery that regulates mitochondrial shape and morphology
during cell death. The cover depicts a lava lamp containing shape-shifting mitochondria
and `blebs', representing the changing shapes of mitochondria associated with apoptosis.
Illustration by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,"Mitochondria produce up to 95% of a eukaryotic cell's energy through oxidative phosphorylation
to fuel cellular activity. Their importance has been widely appreciated as disorders
of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are associated with a number of major diseases,
and dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to health problems ranging from cancer
to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism is dedicated to the mitochondrion and offers a collection of exciting articles that
highlight the evolving role of mitochondria in metabolism and emphasize some of the
most promising areas for future research. The image depicts a footprint on the moon
reminiscent of a mitochondrion. Cover image created by Caspar Benson and Getty Images
and adapted by Iphigenia Tzameli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/23_6.txt,ave_3,23_6.txt,"Mitochondria produce up to 95% of a eukaryotic cell's energy through oxidative phosphorylation
to fuel cellular activity. Their importance has been widely appreciated as disorders
of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are associated with a number of major diseases,
and dysfunctional mitochondria have been linked to health problems ranging from cancer
to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This special issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism is dedicated to the mitochondrion and offers a collection of exciting articles that
highlight the evolving role of mitochondria in metabolism and emphasize some of the
most promising areas for future research. The image depicts a footprint on the moon
reminiscent of a mitochondrion. Cover image created by Caspar Benson and Getty Images
and adapted by Iphigenia Tzameli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/23_5.txt,sbert,23_5.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_11.png,B,"CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance is based on recognition of MHC class I molecules bearing
peptides encoded by cell or pathogen-encoded genes. Antigenic peptides are generated
by proteasome degradation of protein antigens. The bulk of peptides derive from defective
ribosomal products (DRiPs) that fail to reach a stable conformation and integration
into the cellular proteome. A minor peptide fraction derives from standard degradation
of folded proteins after their natural life span. On pages 548–558, J.W. Yewdell reviews
understanding of DRiP biogenesis, including recent evidence suggesting compartmentalization
of DRiP synthesis by ""immunoribosomes"", a specialized subset of ribosomes. The cover
image illustrates the contribution of DRiPs to the MHC class I presentation pathway.
Protein antigens are depicted as chickens, paying homage to the source of the most
studied model peptide SIINFEKL, present in chicken egg ovalbumin. Drawing made by
Eric Reits, AMC, University Van Amsterdam",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_2.txt,multiBv1,32_2.txt,"Aligned with the Spring season, the image symbolizes development and
metamorphosis (as seen for butterflies). In terms of T lymphocyte development, CD4+
T cells in the mammalian intestinal intraepithelium can undergo massive transcriptional
reprogramming, leading to their metamorphosis into phenotypically and functionally
distinct CD4+CD8αα+ T cells. On pages 288–302, Can Li, Dominic Lanasa, and Jung-
Hyun Park review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms and developmental
pathways of CD4+CD8αα+ T cells. Image created with Biorender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"T cells develop while traveling through a series of distinct micro-environments in
the thymus. While there has been a strong focus on understanding the cellular and
soluble factors that regulate maturation, proliferation and selection in different
regions of the thymus, the regulation of T cell movement from one region to another
has received less attention. On pages 86–98, Ehrlich and colleagues review how chemokines
and patterns of receptor expression mediate this choreography across the thymus. Cover
image adapted from “The Dance Class”, by Edgar Degas (Public domain, accession number
1987.47.1 in the MET collection).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/39_13.txt,allv2,39_13.txt,"Upon antigen-specific stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells have the potential to differentiate
into various T helper (Th) cell subsets. In pages 61–68 of this issue, Tobias Bopp
and colleagues discuss recent advances in our understanding of the development and
function, in both health and disease, of the recently described Th9 cell subset, which
preferentially produces interleukin-9. They describe the challenges inherent to unambiguously
defining roles for Th9 cells using the available experimental animal models, and suggest
new experimental models. The artwork illustrates a central role for Th9 cells in driving
forward immune responses in certain contexts. Cover image credit: Tobias Bopp, Institute
for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz,
Langenbeckstraße 1, Building 708, 55131 Mainz, Germany.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/35_12.txt,sbert,35_12.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.png,D,"Therapeutic extracellular vesicles produced at scale
This issue highlights the use of deep learning to detect anaemia from retinal fundus images, the local delivery of newly identified vasodilators for reducing ureteral contractions, a biomaterial-based vaccine to treat acute myeloid leukaemia, the reduction of the therapeutic dose of silencing RNA via its integration into extracellular vesicles, cellular nanoporation for the large-scale production of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes, anionic nanoparticles that enhance the intestinal permeability of orally delivered proteins, base editing in a mouse model of tyrosinemia, the optimization of the delivery of base editors, and a comparison of compatibilities in protospacer adjacent motifs and of on-target and off-target activities of SpCas9 variants.
The cover illustrates the production, via cellular nanoporation, of large quantities of extracellular vesicles loaded with endogenously transcribed therapeutic mRNAs and targeting peptides.
See Yang, Z. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"Antigen-agnostic tumour tagging for CAR T cell therapy
This issue highlights the generation of T cells expressing a tumour-directed receptor constitutively and an inducible transgene, the suppression of tumour growth via the cooperative phagocytic activity of macrophages, a nanoparticle targeting myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs for resolving immunoparalysis, the amphiphilic tagging of cancer cells for the universal redirection of CAR T cells against tumours, an interleukin-6-adsorbing hydrogel for the suppression of cytokine release syndrome, glycosylated antigens for the suppression of established immune responses, a fusion protein of an immunosuppressive enzyme for treating local inflammation, the transcriptomic profiling of the fate of human CAR T cells in vivo, and the microfluidic isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood.
The cover illustrates that the tagging of tumour cells with an amphiphilic ligand for a chimaeric antigen receptor on T cells allows for the universal redirection of the cells against solid tumours.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Angela Zhang and co-authors. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_4.txt,sbert,7_4.txt,"Intratumoural activation of CAR T cells via focused ultrasound
This issue highlights the engineering of T cells to infiltrate pancreatic tumours, a bispecfic antibody for the rejuvenation of tumour-specific T cells, checkpoint-blockade antibodies conjugated to glucosylated polymers for glioblastoma therapy, the site-specific PEGylation of IL-2, an antibody for the concurrent depletion of tumour cells and immunosuppressive cells, an organoid-based screen for epigenetic inhibitors that stimulate antigen presentation, the control of the activity of CAR T cells via local elevations in temperature, the direct reprogramming of natural killer cells, an orally administered gel generating systemic antitumour immunity, and nanobody–antigen adducts for the induction of antigen-specific tolerance.
The cover illustrates that T cells can be engineered to express a chimaeric antigen receptor within tumours when heat is locally generated by pulses of focused ultrasound.
See Wu et al.
Image: Lan-Tao Gou, Yinglin Situ and Yiqian Wu. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_2.txt,ave_2,5_2.txt,"Engineering extracellular vesicles to target T cells
This issue highlights intestinal organoids for the analysis of off-tumour toxicities of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies, the affinity maturation of mouse B cells reprogrammed to express human antibodies, modular chimaeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers, engineered extracellular vesicles for targeting T cells and for the delivery of mRNA to neurons, immune-privileged tissues formed from immunologically cloaked mouse embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells with chimaeric antigen receptors, the generation of antigen-specific mature T cells from engineered stem cells, and engineered heart tissue for the study of metabolic rewiring during tachycardia.
The cover illustrates that extracellular vesicles can be engineered with multiple functionalities for the targeted delivery of biologics to T cells.
See Stranford et al.
Image: Justin Muir. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,val
Lab Animal,53_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_1.png,B,"Monitoring squirrel hibernation with shredded paper
Detecting torpor-bout duration in heterothermic mammals is usually invasive or inaccurate. To solve this problem, Hutchinson et al. developed a cost-effective, non-invasive method using the paper towel shredding behavior of ground squirrels to detect arousals with 100% accuracy over a long hibernation period.
See Hutchinson et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_8.txt,allv2,53_8.txt,"Digging deeper into the marble burying task
The marble burying task (MBT) is widely used to measure anxiety-like behavior in rodent models, but it is not typically video-recorded. In our first Brief Communication, Burgett et al. show that using a single photo at the end of the task might not be a reliable indicator of rodent engagement with marbles. The authors suggest that video analysis might provide a more accurate representation of the rich set of behaviors displayed in the MBT.
See Burgett et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_1.txt,groundtruth,53_1.txt,"Automated recording in the home cage
If animal activity is your measure, you need a good baseline against which to compare any changes following an experimental invention. Home cages that can automatically track the motion of the mice within can provide such information. A new research article this month uses an automated home cage tracking device to establish baseline activity for three mouse strains, highlighting differences in locomotor patterns and underscoring the need to know the basics about the model you are working with.
See Fuochi et al.
IMAGE: Supertruper/Getty, Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_4.txt,ave_2,50_4.txt,"Keeping track of animals on the move
Animals move. Keeping track of that can help researchers answer questions across a number of scientific disciplines, but it’s a tedious task to watch and annotate hours of videos of mice and worms and zebrafish (and more!) moving about for analysis. Can software help? A new Review compares and contrasts 28 different tracking software applications for different model species to help inform what option might be the best one for the question you want to ask of your animals.
See Panadeiro et al.
IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_3.txt,ave_3,50_3.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.png,C,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_390,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_390.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how transcriptional and hormonal signaling pathways interact to control flower development. The image shows flowers of the mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. [Image: Wuxing Li, California Institute of Technology]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_270.txt,sbert,6_270.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes a mechanism involving signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum to brassinosteroid signaling that may allow plants to optimize growth during challenging environmental conditions. The image provides a representation of some of the extreme conditions that plants can face. In particular, it shows a hot, dry period, and the dark clouds imply an impending deluge. [Image: Chris Brown, Eyecue Design and Shutterstock].",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_141.txt,ave_3,3_141.txt,"COVER This week features a Book Review of Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants: The Role of Transcript Structure and Processing, edited by Carole L. Bassett. The image depicts maize with stripes resulting from the movement of transposons. [Image: Alan Rose, University of California, Davis]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_387.txt,allv2,2007_387.txt,COVER This week features a Perspective on circadian signaling in the regulation of plant transpiration. [Image: Julie White],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_390.txt,groundtruth,2007_390.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_12.png,C,"Recent years have seen great advances in our understanding of the importance of membrane
shape and organization in cellular function. In this issue of Trends in Cell Biology,
Guizetti and Gerlich (pages 133–140) discuss the role of ESCRT-III polymers in membrane
constriction, Suetsugu and Gautreau (pages 141–150) review recent evidence for a collaborative
effect of BAR-domain containing proteins and NPFs in creating distinct membrane shapes,
and Walther and colleagues (pages 151–158) describe mechanisms of plasma membrane
domain formation in yeast. The cover image is an electron micrograph of liposomes
sculpted by the PACSIN2 F-BAR domain. The lattice pattern represents inward or outward
tubules that are thought to be pushed by actin polymerization in cells. The image
is courtesy of Nobuhiro Morone at Kyoto University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/22_11.txt,multiBv1,22_11.txt,"Microtubules are dynamic tube-shaped structures of the cytoskeleton with a key role
in cell migration and division. Microtubule nucleation, which is de novo formation of microtubules, takes place at microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs).
The centrosome is the predominant and most complex MTOC, and is involved in many cellular
processes that depend on the interplay between hundreds of proteins. This complexity
may blur the specific role of particular proteins. In this issue, Paz and Lüders (pages
176–187) propose that studying nucleation at simpler, non-centrosomal MTOCs could
be useful in identifying the minimum number of components required to assemble a MTOC.
Image created by Joel Paz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/28_11.txt,allv2,28_11.txt,"Microtubules organize various cellular processes through their dynamic
ends, as well as their stable shafts. Plenty of microtubule-binding proteins involved
in
these processes were recently shown to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)
and form liquid- or gel-like condensates (shown here as gooey material wrapping the
microtubules). However, it is unclear whether LLPS is necessary for the functions
of the
proteins involved, or is it a by-product related to protein concentration. On pages
18–30
in this issue, Vladimir Volkov and Anna Akhmanova discuss the evidence in favor and
against the occurrence of LLPS and its functional significance for microtubule-based
processes in cells. Cover design by Nemo Andrea (distributed under CC-BY-4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,"Recent studies revealed that the biophysical properties of protein condensates modulate
their autophagic degradation. In this issue, Wang and Zhang (pp. 417–427) discuss
how phase separation and transition specify autophagic degradation of protein condensates.
The cover image depicts the processing of protein components (illustrated by colored
shapes) along two different production lines. On one line (26oC), proteins are processed
into big condensates that are not amenable to autophagic degradation. Through another
production line (20oC), proteins are enveloped by a scaffold protein (illustrated
in light green) and form gel-like granules that are encapsulated by autophagosomes
and delivered to lysosomes. Cover created by Sean Shan Zhang from the Academy of Arts
& Design, Tsinghua University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/29_8.txt,ave_2,29_8.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_6.png,A,"Cover Credit: Suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) contributes to tumor progression and immunotherapy failure. Noninvasive radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure reshapes TIME into an antitumor phenotype by altering the transcription profile of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in pulmonary metastatic melanoma, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity signature of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T and NK cell subsets. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01260-5. See the article in pages 1492–1505",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,ave_3,45_1.txt,"During the pathological process of pancreatic cancer, the composition of the gut microbiota changes (i.e., intestinal microbiota dysbiosis), and the gut barrier is impaired. As a result, certain gut microbes translocate to the pancreas and colonize the pancreas to induce a suppressive immune microenvironment that facilitates pancreatic cancer progression. See the article in pages 1027–1039.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_6.txt,multiBv1,42_6.txt,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram describes the mechanism of action of G-sHDL (gemcitabine-loaded synthetic high-density lipoprotein) in treating colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. G-sHDL can target and kill hepatic Mono-M2 (monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages) that may eradicate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and can also induce ICD of tumor cells to prime the antitumor immunity. Consequently, G-sHDL would improve the number and activity of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and synergize with anti-PD-L1 antibody in treating colorectal cancer. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01110-w). See the article in pages 2331–2341",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_2.txt,allv2,44_2.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_2.png,A,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks
In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging.
See Ying et al.
Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,"A cell atlas of worm longevity
In this issue, Shihong Max Gao et al. use a model organism that has been fundamental to our understanding of aging biology — Caenorhabditis elegans — and generate a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas, profiling the cell-type-specific effects of aging and pro-longevity strategies. The cover image portrays two intertwined worms transitioning into swirling particles that stretch through time, assembling into a radial graph.
See Gao et al.
Image: Alps Xia. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_6.txt,ave_3,4_6.txt,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,multiBv1,4_12.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_3.png,A,"Esterase-responsive turn-on fluorogenic prodrug of the marketed drug epalrestat was developed towards the treatment of cancer by selectively inhibiting aldose reductases. Activation of the prodrug by intracellular esterases, overexpressed in cancer cells, enables the real-time monitoring of the active drug release (epalrestat) with fluorescence readout.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Supramolecular prodrug vesicle “bombs” are constructed based on the self-assembly of a macrocycle with a betulinic acid derivative and doxorubicin. These “bombs” will explode via a pH-stimulus response of the macrocycle and release of the loaded anticancer drugs for combinational chemotherapy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_6.txt,sbert,2022_6.txt,"The cover image depicts a multifunctional oligonucleotide-functionalized conjugated oligomer nanoparticle (CON) for effective cancer cell imaging and therapy. The CON possesses the high fluorescence emission efficiency for imaging and can generate reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The oligonucleotides linked to CON are labeled with folate molecules for the target recognition of the cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors. Moreover, the complementary oligonucleotides are added to form double-stranded DNA, which enables a sequence-specific loading with doxorubicin for chemotherapy. Therefore, the oligonucleotide-functionalized CON exhibits four capacities, including fluorescence imaging, target recognition, PDT, and chemotherapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_10.txt,allv2,2019_10.txt,"A rapid and reagentless electrochemical biosensor constructed from a DNA aptamer, immobilized onto a gold-working electrode. The aptamer is equipped with a redox probe at its top end, which is brought closer to the electrode surface upon target (CRP) binding, to induce a signal-ON event. This illustration was created using the AI image generator, DALL-E-3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_7.png,A,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,Depicted on the front cover of this issue is art created by Brown University graduate student Giovannia Barbosa that reflects her discovery of science through the eyes of an underrepresented woman in chemistry. The cover and accompanying Editorial are part of ACS Publication's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_5.txt,ave_3,2022_5.txt,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,The cover art illustrates the synthesis of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_401,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_401.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes the structure of the kinase p38γ in a complex with the phosphatase PTPN3, revealing reciprocal allosteric regulation. The image shows the structure of PTPN3 (ribbon model) in a complex with a peptide of p38γ (stick model) inside a transparent model of the molecular surface determined by x-ray crystallography. [Image: K.-E. Chen/Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_347.txt,allv2,7_347.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that presents the structure of the hinge domain of the epigenetic regulator SMCHD1 and identifies amino acid residues involved in protein dimerization and function. The image shows the hinge domain structures of two SMCHD1 subunits (blue and peach) interacting with DNA (green). [Image: Jeroen Claus/Phospho Biomedical Animation],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_636.txt,multiBv1,13_636.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article describing how tyrosine phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) shifts tumor cell metabolism in a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect and gives them a metabolic advantage. The image (based on PDB 3BJF) shows the crystal structure of PKM2. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_97.txt,sbert,2_97.txt,COVER This week features a Review on PB1 domains. The image depicts the structures making up the p40phox and p67phox PB1 complex. [Image: PDB entry 1OEY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_401.txt,groundtruth,2007_401.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_6.png,C,"Risky times and risky places
Predator–prey interactions, such as between cheetahs and zebras in Liuwa Plain National Park in Zambia, reveal the relationship between types of risk. In locations with high long-term risk, prey vigilance was strong when short-term risk was also high but not when short-term risk was low.
See Dröge et al. 10.1038/s41559-017-0220-9 (2017)
Image: Daan Smit. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Tasmanian predator interactions
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus, pictured) is a mesopredator that is subordinate to Tasmanian devils ((Sarcophilus harrisii). New genomic data show that quoll genetic structure has increased as devil populations have declined from a fatal, transmissible cancer. Top predators are declining globally, and this study shows that such declines can cause evolutionary responses in other predators, as well as ecological changes in food webs due to reduced competition.
See Beer et al
Image: Sebastian Comte. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.txt,sbert,8_11.txt,"Name-calling
Desert Rose — the large female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in the picture — produces a distress call that alerts her calves to danger, in Samburu Shaba National Reserve in northern Kenya. A study by Pardo et al. shows that individuals address conspecifics with name-like calls that do not rely on imitation of the receiver.
See Pardo et al.
Image: George Wittemyer. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Trophic rewilding
A sunrise silhouette of waterbuck on the Urema floodplain of Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park. Gorongosa’s wildlife was devastated by civil war in the 1980s and 1990s, but has lately been flourishing under a pioneering rewilding programme. The recovery of waterbuck and other large herbivores has dramatically reduced the abundance of invasive shrubs, which suggests that restoring large mammal populations can revive lost ecosystem functions.
See Guyton et al.
Image: Jen Guyton. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_8.txt,multiBv1,4_8.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_3.png,D,"On the Cover: The cover represents sections of a mouse retina following injection with three independent
AAV vectors, each encoding for a different fluorescent reporter (EGFP, DsRed, and
EBFP2). Some photoreceptor cells within the retina are transduced by the three vectors.
In this issue, Maddalena et al. (pp. 524–541) use the simultaneous delivery of three
independent AAV vectors (triple AAV) to reconstruct large genes in the retina that
would not otherwise fit in a single AAV vector. This approach can be used for gene
therapy of blinding conditions that require transfer of large genes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_13.txt,multiBv1,26_13.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image shows a dendritic cell interacting with T lymphocytes, representing
one of the key events that link innate to adaptive (antigen-specific) immune responses
against gene transfer vectors and their transgene products. Innate immune recognition
leads to activation of dendritic cells, whose function is to present antigen to and
activate T cells. Different types of activated T cells may have cytolytic activity,
promote production of antibodies, or even suppress immune responses. This issue of
Molecular Therapy contains examples of all of these responses to gene therapy. Cover image credit:
Juan Gaertner/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/28_12.txt,allv2,28_12.txt,"On the Cover: Scanning electron microscopy and computer-generated image of DNA molecules and red
blood cells. The European Commission has now granted conditional marketing authorization
to Roctavian™ (valoctocogene roxaparvovec), an AAV5-based gene therapy product for
the treatment of severe hemophilia A that is based on the expression of a B-domain
deleted FVIII cDNA. VandenDriessche et al. discuss the implications of this first
approval of a liver-based gene therapy product for the field in an editorial on page
3335. Image credit: Getty Images (STEVE GSCHMEISSNER & KEITH CHAMBERS/SCIENCE PHOTO
LIBRARY).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/30_2.txt,sbert,30_2.txt,"On the cover:Pitner et al. demonstrated that non-differentiating B cells act as “decoys” that blunt the generation
of factor VIII inhibitors in a murine model of hemophilia A. The image displays a
coronal spleen section from a CD45.1 mouse after intravenous delivery of Blimp1-knockout
decoy MD4 B cells and intraperitoneal immunization with HEL-OVA. Decoy B cells (CD45.2,
magenta) dominate the light zones of germinal centers (GL7, green) within B cell follicles
(IgD, blue). CD4 T cells (CD4, red) and marginal zone macrophages (CD169, gray) are
also pictured. Image credit: Jaime L. Chao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_3.png,D,"On the cover: Neuropeptides produced in the lateral hypothalamus regulate feeding
via classical brain signaling mechanisms, such as synaptic transmission. In this issue,
Noble et al. (pp. 55–68) identify an alternative mode of neural communication, whereby
the orexigenic neuropeptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is transmitted via
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricular system. The cover image features
a rat (the study animal model) receiving a message in a bottle (MCH), washed ashore
from the ocean of CSF at sunset, when MCH levels in the CSF rise and nocturnal feeding
begins. Illustration provided by Alyssa Cortella and Vaibhav Konanur.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/28_6.txt,allv2,28_6.txt,"On the cover: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity.
In this issue, Kurniawan et al. (pp. 920–936) show that a feedback loop between glutathione
(GSH) and serine (SER) is essential for Treg function. The loss of GSH in Tregs results
in increased ROS and serine metabolism, which reduces FoxP3 expression and the immune
suppressive capacity of Tregs. Limiting cellular serine restores FoxP3 expression
and Treg-mediated suppression. On the cover, FoxP3, represented by a serene, meditating
fox, assures immune tolerance through balanced signaling of GSH and SER. Image by
Lynn Bonetti.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_2.txt,multiBv1,31_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Mukherjee et al. (pp. 259–272) screen for molecules in
glia that are essential for axonal integrity. They find that oligodendrocytes secrete
ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) using an unconventional secretory pathway involving extracellular
vesicles (EVs) to protect neurons against iron-mediated cytotoxicity in aged mice.
The cover depicts the cross-section of an oligodendrocyte secreting EV-associated
FTH1 to defend a nearby neuron. Image by Chaitali Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/32_5.txt,ave_2,32_5.txt,"On the cover: The conditionally essential amino acid serine is highly beneficial for
retinal and peripheral nerve health. Lim et al. find that circulating serine is the primary source of retinal serine levels, and
altering systemic serine influences visual function and retinal health. Here systemic
serine (glowing droplets) infuses retinal and peripheral nervous tissue to rescue
function as represented by the glowing flowers and root system. Illustration by Christina
Corbaci and Lars Hangartner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_3.txt,groundtruth,36_3.txt,train
Organometallics,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_3.png,B,"Modifying the steric properties of ligands enables tuning the reactivity of organometallic complexes. Although various methods have been developed to quantify the steric parameters of mononuclear complexes, these had not been validated for dinuclear complexes. The cover shows two copper atoms window shopping for dinucleating ligands. In the window, they see three 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligands with different substituents. Each carries price tags with calculated steric parameters using our validated methodology. This enables the copper atoms to find the right fit for their needs. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Emily Monkcom for designing the cover art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2023_24.txt,allv2,2023_24.txt,"A display of ingenuity: A modular synthesis of rigid chelating naphthyridine-based bis(carbene) ligands, coined the ""NBC"" scaffold, has been unlocked. With the cashing in on this new ligand scaffold, the bulkiest version supports a rare collection of diverse structures of the coinage metal series, consisting of mononuclear trigonal planar species with Cu(I) and Ag(I) and a dinuclear complex with Au(I). The cover art was designed and created by lead author Evan Patrick.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A series of uranium polyarene complexes was synthesized and characterized. While linear polyarenes (acenes) form mononuclear κ2-bound compounds, nonlinear polyarenes adopt an inverse-sandwich structure with a μ-η6,η6-coordination mode. The correlation between the topology of the polyarenes and the coordination modes was rationalized by the electronic structures and the energies of the isomers. The cover art was designed by the corresponding author Wenliang Huang and illustrates the coordination modes of the uranium ion with a variety of polyarenes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2024_23.txt,multiBv1,2024_23.txt,"The cover art vividly depicts the cutting-edge mixed-ligand approach in homogeneous catalysis. It spotlights the interplay between XPhos, essential for C–Cl bond activation, and P(2-MeOC6H4)3 (L1), crucial for C–H activation, both sequentially coordinating with palladium. Their alternating roles in the catalytic cycle unlock exceptional yields in the direct arylation of heteroarenes with aryl chlorides. The artwork embodies the cooperative power of the ligands and their transformative impact on palladium catalysis. The cover art was designed and created by N. Kosaka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2023_1.txt,sbert,2023_1.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_8.png,C,"Integrated devices get a little cooler
High-performance microthermoelectric coolers, which are composed of pairs of thermoelectric ‘legs’ and convert electricity into cooling, can be fabricated using methods compatible with the modern semiconductor industry. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of the integrated microthermoelectric device, which has a packing density of around 5,000 leg pairs per cm2.
See Li et al. and News & Views by Vaughan
Image: Guodong Li, IFW Dresden. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Implantable micro-LEDs take control
Implantable optoelectronic devices, which are based on microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) and are capable of wireless power harvesting, offer precise control over their optical output for use in complex optogenetic experiments. The cover shows a photograph of one of these flexible devices balanced on a finger.
See Gutruf et al. and News & Views by Sohal
Image: Philipp Gutruf, The University of Arizona. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,"Microdevices find their place on conformable substrates
High-density arrays of microdevices can be site-selectively integrated on conformable substrates with the help of a velocity-controlled dip-transfer coating method that selectively deposits an adhesive precursor on the surface of the devices. The photograph on the cover shows a four-by-four array of blue micro-light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) that were assembled using the approach and are wrapped around a cylindrical rod.
See Yoon et al.
Image: Hyungsoo Yoon and Sujin Jeong, Seoul National University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"MicroLED chips align to shine
Micro-light-emitting-diode (microLED) chips can be accurately aligned on a substrate — and used to create active-matrix displays — by engineering the top and bottom faces of the chips so that they have a different van der Waals interaction with the substrate. The optical microscopy image on the cover shows the microLED chips on a silicon substrate, with the faces of the chips all aligned in the same direction.
See Hwang et al. and News & Views by Do et al.
Image: Kyungwook Hwang, SAIT. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_10.txt,allv2,6_10.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_2.png,D,"Volume 28 | Issue 1
In this issue we hear from new BDA President Russ Ladwa, detail the career options for dentists in the UK and delve into oral medicine conditions you need to know about
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_3.txt,allv2,28_3.txt,"Volume 29 | Issue 1
Welcome to your new-look BDJ Student, featuring the same clinical insight, career options and professional development as before.

Be sure to check out our handy 'how to' guides, covering a wide range of topics
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/29_3.txt,multiBv1,29_3.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 3
How can we integrate oral health with global health? The cover feature in this edition's BDJ Student asks - and answers - that very question
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_1.txt,ave_3,28_1.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 2
In this spring issue of BDJ Student, our lead feature takes a closer look at four dental professionals who have taken their clinical knowledge and applied it outside the practice
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_4.png,D,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Quantifying 15-minute cities
Quantifying the potential to achieve 15-minute cities, Bruno et al. measure the proximity time to access essential services and amenities across global cities. The 3D maps of Rome, Fortaleza, Nairobi, Mumbai, Hanoi and Bogotá show population density as the height of the bars, and blue, yellow and red as high, medium and low levels of accessibility.
See Bruno et al.
Image: Matteo Bruno, Sony Computer Science Laboratories - Rome. Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Sony Computer Science Laboratories – Rome. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_3.txt,ave_2,1_3.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_3.png,D,2D transition metal MXene-based photocatalysts for solar fuel generation. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2019_13.txt,sbert,2019_13.txt,Semiconducting oxides represented as mediating the production of solar-based fuels over photoelectrode surfaces. Semiconducting heterometallic oxides have been discovered that exhibit light absorption deep into the visible-light energies while also possessing band energies that can bracket key fuel-generating redox reactions. Current results demonstrate their potentially broadly applicable use in the photoelectrode-based conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2010_7.txt,allv2,2010_7.txt,"Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have recently emerged as one of the potential materials for solar light harvesting. Beyond photoluminescence, these were also explored as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Even though the phase instability in polar medium is a major concern, significant reports with proper optimizations were reported for selective reductions leading to CO and CH4 as major products. This Perspective discusses the chemical pathways leading to different products and the reaction mechanism in exploring perovskite nanocrystals as efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction in appropriate mediums. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_9.txt,multiBv1,2020_9.txt,"Designing self-illuminating photocatalysts for next-generation lithium-oxygen batteries: Enhancing photo-assisted energy storage with persistent overpotential reduction, stable performance under intermittent illumination, and promising applications in space exploration and energy systems for low-light environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_19.png,A,Multi-stimuli-responsive polymorphic elastic organic fluorophore.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,"To understand the kinetically controlled polymorphic superstructures of soft materials, phase transition behaviors of a pyrene-based asymmetric molecule were studied by the combination of scattering and morphological and thermal analyses (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 1707–1715).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_9.txt,allv2,2017_9.txt,"Itraconazole polymorphs (Forms I and II) crystallize as spherulites from melt at 100 °C in the presence of 20% w/w hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). Both polymorphs exhibit similar morphologies, but Form I spherulites appear darker and display a more striated surface with clearly discernible radial lines. While HPMCAS exerts no significant impact on the morphologies of both itraconazole polymorphs, it substantially retards the crystal growth of both forms, particularly Form II (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 3433–3442).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_7.txt,sbert,2017_7.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,val
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_10.png,B,"RPA in action
Bulk and single-molecule fluorescence analyses reveal the dynamics of RPA DNA-binding domains during homologous recombination.
See Pokhrel, Caldwell et al.  26 , 129–136 (2019)
Image: Xuanyu Han/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_11.txt,multiBv1,26_11.txt,"Insights into mitochondrial DNA packaging
A study by Isaac et al. presents mtFiber-seq, a method that measures individual mitochondrial genome packaging at nucleotide resolution, providing insight into the architecture of mitochondrial DNA packaging.
See Isaac et al.
IMAGE CREDIT: © Leidy Churchman, Courtesy Matthew Marks Gallery. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,"SYCP1 lattice bridges meiotic chromosomes
SYCP1, the core architectural element of the meiotic synaptonemal complex, forms tetrameric building blocks that assemble a zipper-like supramolecular lattice.
See Dunce et al.  25 , 557–569 (2018)
Image: Image composite by Erin Dewalt, imagery from Istock/Getty Images Plus. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_6.txt,sbert,25_6.txt,"Single-molecule chromatin fibers coming into focus
A study from the Narlikar and Ramani labs presents SAMOSA-ChAAT, a method for resolving how chromatin-interacting proteins restructure individual chromatin fibers in high-throughput and at scale.
See Abdulhay, Hsieh, McNally, Ostrowski et al.
Image Credit : Jodie Lesman. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/30_3.txt,allv2,30_3.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_3.png,A,"In this issue...
Dental academia is something every qualified dentist has experienced. And just like the wider profession, it is suffering. October's cover feature asks what is the current state of dental academia
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_3.txt,groundtruth,37_3.txt,"In this issue...
Dental charities do some brilliant work overseas, but an increasing number have to treat patients in the UK. How has dentistry got into this position?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_8.txt,sbert,35_8.txt,"In this issue...
We ask what kind of future lies ahead for students and young dentists
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_6.txt,allv2,33_6.txt,"In this issue...
In July's issue of BDJ In Practice, we ask four dental indemnifiers for their views on how they see the profession, their market and the current landscape within
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_6.txt,multiBv1,36_6.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.png,D,"‘Recycling ribosomes’, inspired by the Review on p526
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_5.txt,allv2,19_5.txt,"‘A medley of vesicles’, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_6.txt,ave_2,24_6.txt,"‘Tails’, inspired by the Review on p93.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_11.txt,sbert,23_11.txt,"‘Endosomes as sorting stations’, inspired by the Review on p765
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_2.png,C,"Carboxymethyl chitosan is co-dissolved with cellulose to fabricate highly transparent and robust composite films. Here, due to physical cross-linking and hydrogen bonding between uniformly dispersed CMCS and cellulose molecules, CSCs exhibit better thermal stability, high transparency, excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), and a good barrier and antibacterial properties for potential fresh fruit packaging.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2023_37.txt,ave_3,2023_37.txt,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,Sustainable photobactericidal nanofillers were rationally engineered from aminated hairy nanocrystalline cellulose functionalized with natural photoactive rose-bengal through a bioconjugation reaction. Electrospun fibers and casting films with the incorporation of these nanofillers could be applied as active packaging materials for eliminating foodborne bacteria.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2021_21.txt,ave_2,2021_21.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_8.png,D,Engineering living material for fragrance release.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_3.txt,multiBv1,2024_3.txt,"A CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplexed integration (CMI) system was developed in yeast, which can achieve multiplexed integration at individual locus without pre-engineering the host.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,"This cover describes an engineered metabolic  negative feedback circuit that regulates fatty acid production in response to  the cellular concentration of a key intermediate, malonyl-CoA, in Escherichia coli. Artwork by Yu Xia and  Di Liu based on DOI: 10.1021/sb400158w.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_11.txt,allv2,2015_11.txt,Yeast engineered to produce bromoform could be used to lessen the,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
One Earth,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_7.png,A,"On the cover: This month's cover features Suze Woolf’s artwork Larger Than Life from her series of “burned tree portraits.” By realizing that a paper substrate can
be any shape, including the contour of a burned tree, Suze works on torn paper to
represent the state of the forests. The paintings are both a metaphor for and an example
of our human impact on nature: our prediliction for cooking the planet. The artwork
featured on this month's cover illustrates the topography of fire-carved layers of
lignin, from the Tripod burn on Tiffany Mountain in Washington State's Pasayten Wilderness.
The patterns reminded Suze of the swoops and swirls of '60s acid rock music posters.
Cover by Suze Woolf https://www.suzewoolf-fineart.com/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"On the cover: This painting, and others in this series by John Sabraw, is inspired
by satellite imagery, dynamic flows of waterways, and the poetic beauty of complex
ecosystems. Sabraw incorporates sustainably sourced pigments that are extracted in
the process of remediating streams polluted from acid mine drainage from coal mining.
His collaborative team of engineers and environmentalists separate iron oxide pollutant
from clean water and transform it into safe and sustainable artist's pigment. As the
climate crisis continues to escalate, Sabraw's work offers an inspiring combination
of action, activism, and art that reminds us that there are many ways to make a difference.
For more of Sabraw's work, please visit https://www.johnsabraw.com/.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_11.txt,sbert,5_11.txt,"On the cover: Burning Coal Train. As an important piece in Mary Lou Dauray’s award-winning “coal series,” Burning Coal Train speaks to one of the worries in the transporting of coal: fire and spillage. The
subject and media of Dauray’s coal series reflect her awareness of the all-too-toxic
pollution caused by coal mining, transporting, and burning and also refer to the tragic
environmental toll caused by the use of this fossil fuel. Cover by Mary Lou Dauray
(https://www.maryloudauray.com/), @mld.artist via Instagram, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,"On the cover: Tempest. To reflect environmental issues associated with a warming planet, their effect on
our landscape and natural resources, and our perception of environmental change, the
subjects and media of Resa Blatman’s paintings are heavily layered and the surfaces
are often split apart with laser-cut forms that mimic tree branches, coral, and flora.
As we become even more aware of the precarious nature of our habitat, this work speaks
to the vulnerability of the Earth that we so easily take for granted. Cover by Resa
Blatman (http://resablatman.com/) courtesy of the artist and Art Works for Change.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,train
One Earth,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_9.png,C,"On the cover: In the absence of enhanced ambition for climate mitigation and stronger
financial support for adaptation, the resilience of planet Earth is at risk of melting
away. The upcoming 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 26) to the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change has a great deal to achieve, and climate justice
must be brought to the fore. Image: Melting ice in shape of globe, close-up. Photo
courtesy of Peter Dazeley, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: The effects of climate change, in terms of both long-term warming and
short-term extremes, can affect the transmission and spread of vector-borne diseases.
In this month's issue, Alcayna et al. (pages 336–350) review climate-sensitive disease (CSID) outbreaks in the aftermath
of extreme climatic events and inform the design of CSID prediction models for anticipatory
public health action. Image: vertical macro of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a vector for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. Credit: Joao Paulo
Burini via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_9.txt,allv2,5_9.txt,"On the cover: Climate change is reshaping insect abundances and ecosystems, sometimes
with severe consequences for humanity, but it remains difficult to predict how and
why insects move. In this month's thematic issue on insect movement, a new review
by Terblanche and colleagues identifies key traits that facilitate insect movement in response to warming climate.
Here, a cloud of locusts, a species possessing all the traits, is spread across a
once verdant field, a gloomy prediction for the future. The cover image was designed
by Casey Williams (https://caseylynnwilliams.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"On the cover: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Sixth Assessment
Report, changes to our lifestyles and behavior can result in a massive 40%–70% reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. But achieving behavioral change at scale is difficult
and requires successful navigation of a complex labyrinth of situation-specific influences.
Credit: Getty, Sean Gladwell",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_9.txt,sbert,6_9.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_6.png,D,Drug Discovery Toxicology: The Road to Safe Drugs. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_9.txt,allv2,2016_9.txt,Computing Biological Relationships among Organ Toxicities. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_8.txt,multiBv1,2016_8.txt,Using Cultured Cells To Predict Chemical Toxicity in Humans. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_2.txt,ave_3,2016_2.txt,Insights from toxicology. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_6.png,A,"Light-touch electronics with a spin
Imperceptible electronic fibres can be tethered to biological surfaces with an orbital spinning technique and used to create on-skin electrodes that can detect electrocardiogram signals, skin-gated organic electrochemical transistors, and augmented touch and plant interfaces. The photograph on the cover shows the fibres on one person’s finger, where they can be used to record electrocardiograms of another person by touching the other person’s finger.
See Wang et al. and News & Views by Wan et al.
Image: Wenyu Wang and Yuan Shui, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"Flexible amplifiers make heartfelt monitors
A differential amplifier that is only two micrometres thick and based on organic electronics can provide electrocardiograms — a recording of the electrical activity of a person’s heart — with high signal-to-noise ratios. The cover shows a photograph of the ultraflexible circuit, which can be crumpled like a plastic wrapper and can conform to a person’s skin.
See Sugiyama et al. and News & Views by Myny
Image: Tsuyoshi Sekitani, Osaka University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"Tactile textiles from functional fibres
Fibres with a coaxial structure in which conductive stainless-steel threads are coated with a piezoresistive nanocomposite can be machine knitted into wearable garments — including gloves, vests and socks — that can be used to monitor and recognize tactile interactions. The optical image on the cover shows a stainless-steel thread (top), coaxial piezoresistive fibre (middle) and acrylic knitting yarn (bottom).
See Luo et al. and News & Views by Chen et al.
Image: Wan Shou and Yiyue Luo (MIT). Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"A 3D twist on stretchable electronics
By stacking, and electrically connecting, layers of stretchable circuits, three-dimensional integrated devices can be built that are capable of wirelessly monitoring a person’s vital signs and creating human–machine interfaces. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a four-layer stretchable device that is equipped with Bluetooth data communication capabilities and can simultaneously sense electrophysiological signals, strain, temperature, acceleration, and orientation.
See Huang et al. and News & Views by Kim et al.
Image: Sheng Xu, University of California San Diego. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,val
ACS Measurement Science Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.png,B,artwork by Mariana Avila and Diana Mancera entitled “Reach for the Stars – inspiring Latin American women in STEM”.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.txt,multiBv1,2022_1.txt,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,ave_3,2021_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,allv2,2022_3.txt,test
NATURE ENERGY,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_5.png,A,"Disrupting gender norms
A just and equitable energy transition requires addressing historically embedded gender norms. Michael and Ahlborg shed light on the Solar Mamas programme in Zanzibar as an example for how locally led, contextually grounded energy interventions prioritizing care work and women’s knowledge may contribute to disrupting established norms.
See Michael and Ahlborg and Research Briefing
Image: Olga Timokhina, La Fabrika Films. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,"The power to respond
Energy is used in the delivery of many functions of humanitarian aid, from shelter, lighting and transport, to clean water, sanitation, and medical assistance. This Focus issue explores how thinking around energy is changing as the need for sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps intensifies and as humanitarian crises become more protracted.
Image: Practical Action/David Nkurunziza. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"Clean cooking transition experiences
Adapting to cleaner cooking fuels from more polluting options may be experienced differently by different groups across various stages of the energy transition. Kar et al. analyse survey data on household-level energy use in Ghana as the country shifts towards cleaner cooking fuels. Given wide heterogeneity, they propose a stage-based framework to support policy interventions.
See Kar et al.
Image: Kypros / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_9.txt,ave_3,9_9.txt,"Shining a light on gender inequality
Increasing energy access brings socio–economic benefits, but they are not necessarily evenly felt by all members of a household. Now, Zhang et al. use a large scale survey and a women's empowerment index to examine gender-based disparities in awareness, satisfaction, usage and opinion of energy services within households in India.
See Zhang et al. and News and Views by Kumar
Image: Arpana Varghese / EyeEm / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_5.txt,allv2,7_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.png,C,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics of freezing and melting. See Sun & Calzavarini.
Image: Galaxiid/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.txt,multiBv1,6_2.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue shows an artistic representation of collective charge dynamics in cuprates, discussed in this month’s Viewpoint on high-temperature superconductivity. See Zhou et al.
Image: Greg Stewart, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,train
Nature Water,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_9.png,C,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,sbert,1_12.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Agricultural trade and its impacts across population groups
The nexus of water, agriculture, and trade has global implications on multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for the most vulnerable populations. The study by Weiyi Gu and colleagues finds striking trade-induced asymmetric water impacts across population groups. It thereby underscores that international agricultural trade eases water scarcity yet exacerbates inequity, disproportionately favouring more affluent populations. The authors urge future water and trade policies to strive for a better balance across multiple critical SDGs to achieve sustainable development for all.
See Gu et al.
Image: Weiyi Gu, Peking University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,ave_3,2_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_414,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_414.png,A,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,groundtruth,2007_414.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective about the allosteric regulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity by DNA. The image (based on PDB 1r4r) shows the crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor (orange and red) bound to DNA. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_73.txt,multiBv1,2_73.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that monoubiquitination of Lys147 could enhance GTP loading on K-Ras and increase its affinity for specific downstream effectors, thus providing a previously unidentified mechanism for Ras activation. The accompanying Perspective provides context on the distinct effects of ubiquitination on the abundance, activity, and access to effectors of different Ras isoforms. The image, which is based on PDB structure 3GFT, shows the crystal structure of part of the guanine nucleotide–binding domain of K-Ras with Lys147 highlighted in red, bound to GDP (space-filling model). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_163.txt,allv2,4_163.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that discusses how the binding of dinucleotides such as NAD(H) or NADP(H) to certain regulatory proteins modulates changes in gene transcription and physiological state. The image shows an asymmetric dimer of the NADP-binding protein HSCARG. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_33.txt,ave_1,1_33.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.png,A,"On the cover: For Cell Chemical Biology’s 30th anniversary year, we kick off our celebrations with a special issue on RNA
modulation alongside an Editorial, a Q&A from founding editors, and other opinion
pieces from RNA biologists presenting opportunities for targeting RNA. The cover illustrates
the adaptability of RNA molecules, which allow natural and synthetic modulation for
expanded functions. This reflects the topics of the Reviews and Articles within the
special issue describing advances in our understanding of the structural diversity,
function, and regulation of RNA and harnessing this knowledge for therapeutic strategies
against viral infections or cancer. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_15.txt,groundtruth,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Chemical biology has made significant contributions to cancer research.
In recognition of this, we decided to focus our special issue on cancer chemical biology
and on the efforts that have led to the range of small molecules and platforms that
are making a difference in both clinical practice and basic cancer biology. Therefore,
all of the topics we selected for this special issue revolve around the idea of chemical
biology as a driver of technology development and as a strategy that helps us to better
understand basic cancer biology. The cover design captures our keen interest in cancer
chemical biology as a magnifying glass that can bring cancer cell biology into focus.
Cover credit: iStock/vitanovski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/24_4.txt,ave_1,24_4.txt,"On the cover: The apple does not fall far from the tree. In this issue, Tran et al.
describe synthetic small molecules that activate the ZTP riboswitch, a bacterial RNA
that regulates gene expression. The apples signify RNA bound to particular synthetic
ligands, with the best ligand being grasped by the researcher. Cover art by Joseph
Meyer (Scientific Publications, Graphics, and Media; Frederick National Laboratory
for Cancer Research).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,multiBv1,31_5.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.png,B,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,ave_3,6_8.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,ave_2,6_7.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,allv2,6_5.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.png,A,"Cover Credit: Reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles for tumor-targeted protein degradation and anticancer therapy. The reduction-activatable PROTAC prodrug nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered by self-assembly of the PROTAC-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymer and further functionalized with a CRGDK ligand. The resulting PROTAC prodrug NPs can specifically target tumor cells and be efficiently internalized by recognizing neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Remarkably, the PROTAC prodrug NPs efficiently degraded the protein targets BRD4 and CDK9 for inhibiting tumor growth in an mouse model of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer. More importantly, the PROTAC prodrug NP can serve as a platform for co-delivering chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., doxorubicin, DOX) to perform combinatory cancer therapy. (Doi: 10.1038/s41401-024-01266-z). See the article in pages 1740–1751.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,Schematic depicting the preparation of a dual-responsive nanoparticle BCGN and its mechanisms in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The BCGN are responsive to oxidation and reduction for triggering drug release at different conditions. It provides a promising strategy to improve combinational molecular targeted therapy against NSCLC.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_12.txt,allv2,44_12.txt,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram describes the mechanism of action of G-sHDL (gemcitabine-loaded synthetic high-density lipoprotein) in treating colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. G-sHDL can target and kill hepatic Mono-M2 (monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages) that may eradicate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and can also induce ICD of tumor cells to prime the antitumor immunity. Consequently, G-sHDL would improve the number and activity of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and synergize with anti-PD-L1 antibody in treating colorectal cancer. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01110-w). See the article in pages 2331–2341",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_2.txt,ave_2,44_2.txt,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,sbert,45_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.txt,ave_3,20_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_12.png,B,"mediated gene silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a cross-sectional view of C. reinhardtii highlights the precise interaction between DNA strands and gold nanoparticles, facilitated by a targeted LED light source. The illustration depicts the subsequent accumulation of lipid droplets indicative of silenced gene expression within the cell.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,Shining the spotlight on gene editors: optically controlled Cas9 and Cre provide precise spatiotemporal control over gene editing. The review discusses the methods for engineering the optical control of these enzymes. Why light? Clinical benefits? Any limitations? The future? Read more to find out!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"We developed an antisense RNA interference-enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 base editing method (asRNA-BE) to transiently disrupt the expression of uracil DNA glycosidases during base editing, leading to 2.8–65.8-fold enhanced editing efficiency and better genome stability compared to BE in Streptomyces lividans 66.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_8.txt,sbert,2021_8.txt,"Genetic code expansion enables the in situ generation of modified proteins. Here, we present a versatile implementation for the generation of light-activatable nanobodies. Building on a comprehensive analysis, we combined genetic code expansion in mammalian cells with ribosomal skipping. The new approach offers the highest efficiency and opens a direct route toward photopharmacological applications of antibody–drug conjugates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2022_9.txt,allv2,2022_9.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_12.png,C,"In this themed issue of Trends in Microbiology we discuss bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis from multiple perspectives, including
pathogenesis in the complex milieu of the microbiota. Cover image from iStock/Dr_Microbe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/28_9.txt,allv2,28_9.txt,"The cover art depicts an imaginative scenario wherein various microbes
are seen attending a class on the different types of genetic mechanisms that they
could
employ in order to survive various stresses, in turn enhancing their ability to infect
different
hosts. This illustration captures the essence of this Joint Special Issue and forms
a unifying
basis for the different article themes featured within. Image courtesy: Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/29_14.txt,multiBv1,29_14.txt,"The design of the cover image is based on Newton's cradle, which
is demonstrative of the conservation of momentum and energy. It is essential to
understand how microbes interact, assemble, and persist within microbial communities.
In the context of abundant and diverse commensal microbes in the host, enterococci,
as depicted as the lifted and released ball, drive the proliferation, pathogenicity
or
persistence of representative pathogens such as S. aureus, C. difficile and E. coli via metabolic cross-feeding, upregulation of virulence and biofilm formation, thus
influencing the progression of bacterial infections and affecting treatment options.
This
driving role of enterococci in polymicrobial infections is the subject of the review
by Xu
and colleagues. Image courtesy: Kui Zhu and Wenjiao Xu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"The cover image illustrates that light affects bacterial biofilms. Many bacteria use
sophisticated photosensory signaling mechanisms to help regulate protein activity
and gene expression. Emerging evidence indicates that bacteria use light signals in
guiding major cellular decisions, such as the choice between a single cell motile
lifestyle and a biofilm, which is discussed by Mark Gomelsky and Wouter Hoff on pages
441–448. In some organisms the activation of photoreceptor proteins results in the
suppression of biofilm formation. This leads to the question depicted on the cover:
do bacteria party at night? Artwork by Bramwell G. Lambrus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_4.txt,sbert,19_4.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/18_1.png,A,"High mountain hazard cascade
Perched at 3,600 m elevation in the Himalayan mountains of Nepal, massive glacial sediment deposits were incised by nearly 100 m in a geological instant during monsoonal flooding in 2021. The sediment unleashed by this event set in motion an erosional chain reaction with devastating consequences downstream, exemplifying the cascading hazard posed by sediment-laden floods in high mountains.
See Chen et al.
Image: Chan-Mao Chen, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,"Vulnerable mountain infrastructure
Climate change is exacerbating geohazards in High Mountain Asia that pose a growing risk to hydropower and water infrastructure across the region. Improved monitoring and forecasting of cascading hazards and sustainable sediment management solutions are needed to inform climate change-resilient hydropower. The image shows an expanding moraine-dammed glacial lake in the Himalaya.
See Li et al.
Image: Ting Zhang. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/15_6.txt,allv2,15_6.txt,"In active mountain belts, erosion is driven by bedrock landsliding. River water chemistry in New Zealand's Southern Alps suggests that stochastic mass wasting processes also enhance chemical weathering in such environments. The image shows water with extensive algal growth seeping from the base of a landslide deposit at Chenyoulan River, Taiwan in November 2013.
Letter p42
IMAGE: ROBERT EMBERSON
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND AND ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/9_12.txt,ave_3,9_12.txt,"The recurrence times of great Himalayan earthquakes are difficult to assess because they rarely rupture the surface. Field mapping and 14C dating of offset fluvial deposits are used to identify two great Himalayan quakes that ruptured the surface along the main plate boundary fault in AD 1255 and 1934. The image shows the Sir Khola river-cut cliff looking east. Thrust fault F4, outlined by a narrow band of thin dark gouge, is seen to cut obliquely deformed grey Siwalik siltstones. Shyam Bogati, from Cheru village in southeastern Nepal, is refreshing the cliff face.
Article p71; News & Views p19
IMAGE: L. BOLLINGER
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/6_12.txt,sbert,6_12.txt,train
Science Immunology,10_103,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/10_103.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Reversing the Hands of Time. Inflammaging is the age-associated increase in systemic inflammation, which can have negative effects on blood cell production and the immune system. Using a mouse model of premature hematopoietic aging, Ramalingam et al. identified thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as a driver of age-associated changes to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Deletion of Thbs1 prevented HSC myeloid bias, loss of HSC self-renewal, and systemic signs of inflammaging in aged mice. This month’s cover illustration depicts the process of HSC inflammaging as a pocket watch. Thbs1 gene deletion causes the watch hands to move backwards, which reverses aging-associated HSC defects and turns back the clock on inflammaging. Credit: Rioka Hayama",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/10_103.txt,groundtruth,10_103.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,ave_2,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Protecting Against Plaques. Lipids and immune cells both contribute to atherosclerosis (shown). Smith et al. connect these two players, showing that lipid-stimulated iNKT cells can influence plaque development and cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. [CREDIT: BO VEISLAND/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,"ONLINE COVER Pneumonia Prophylaxis. This month’s cover depicts intramuscular administration of a vaccine to an elderly man. Lower respiratory virus infections, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, are more likely to progress to severe pneumonia and a fatal outcome in senior citizens. There is an urgent need for vaccines that show comparable efficacy in seniors and younger individuals. Using a mouse influenza infection model, Goplen et al. found that aged mice sustained more fibrotic lung damage following influenza infection than young mice due to excessive accumulation of dysfunctional tissue-resident memory T cells. [CREDIT: FG TRADE/GETTY IMAGES]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/5_53.txt,sbert,5_53.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_4.png,D,"The sound of a qubit
Mechanical resonators combined with superconducting circuits are a promising platform for controlling non-classical mechanical states. Here, this platform is used to directly measure the parity of a motional quantum state.
See von Lüpke et al. and Navarathna and Bowen
Image: Uwe von Lüpke, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_6.txt,ave_3,18_6.txt,"Braided anyons
An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions.
Manfra, Article
IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_4.txt,allv2,16_4.txt,"Topological frequency combs
Optical frequency combs are a key technology in communications, sensing and metrology. A theoretical proposal shows that introducing topological principles into their design makes on-chip combs more efficient and robust against fabrication defects.
See Mittal et al. and Peano
Image: David Lam. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_3.txt,ave_2,17_3.txt,"Digital braiding of Fibonacci anyons
Anyons are particles that do not follow either Bose or Fermi statistics and can be found in quantum many-body systems that have a non-Abelian topological order. They can be used to encode and manipulate quantum information in a topologically protected manner, meaning that they are robust against some types of noise. Shibo Xu et al. have used a superconducting quantum processor to simulate non-Abelian topologically ordered states of the Fibonacci string-net model and demonstrate both braiding and fusion of Fibonacci anyons — operations that are required to implement quantum gates.
See Xu et al.
Image: Shibo Xu, Jiachen Chen, Zheng-Zhi Sun. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_12.png,D,"Biorefinery has gained prominence for its capacity to produce various industrially
important chemicals from renewable resources. With the growing concern of climate
change, technologies that can establish the foundation for a transition towards a
carbon-neutral chemical industry are attracting considerable attention. In this review,
Professor Sang-Yup Lee and co-authors discuss the current advances being made in the
bio-based production of polyamide monomers. This approach, when coupled with biodegradation
and recycling, suggests the possibility of establishing a complete green bio-based
polyamide industry. Image Credit: Dr. Jong An Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Dr. Jung Ho Ahn, Yeah-Ji
Ahn, and Prof. Sang Yup Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"Among various methane conversion techniques, chemical looping methane conversion can
realize the efficient utilization of methane with minimal environmental impact and
energy penalty. In this issue, Pei, Gong and co-authors propose some general principles
for the design of redox catalysts for this process, based on the study of oxygen release
kinetics. By coupling surface reactions and bulk oxygen transport, scientists can
boost this redox-catalyst mediated chemical looping methane conversion process and
push the frontiers of catalysis and engineering. Image Credit: Dr. Xianhua Zhang and
Zheyuan Ding.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_7.txt,multiBv1,5_7.txt,"The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes
valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis
integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable
chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light
to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146
of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative
catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,"Plastic upcycling is a strategy for treating plastic waste, not only to
remedy environmental pollution but also to provide tremendous resources for novel
advanced materials. In this issue, Lim and Nguyen discuss sustainable approaches
to upcycle plastics, converting them into useful chemicals and materials. The review
highlights green chemical catalysis and hybrid methods that integrate biocatalysis,
offering immense potential for valorizing waste plastics. Cover image credit: the
authors, who found joy in art design, in addition to their passion for valorizing
plastics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_12.png,B,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"MOFs made to order
The synthesis of isoreticular zeolite-like MOFs is achieved using a face-directed assembly strategy inspired by architecture techniques. The strategy combines a supermolecular building block approach with the use of various centring structure-directing agents.
See Barsukova et al.
Image: Aleksandr Sapianik. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,"Combining catalysts for selective acylation
The combination of N-heterocyclic carbene and organic photoredox catalysts enables the meta-selective acylation of electron-rich arenes. This method provides complementary selectivity to Friedel–Crafts acylation and gives complex arene products without relying on multiple steps.
See Goto et al.
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_2.txt,ave_1,2_2.txt,"Enzymatic C(sp 3)–F bond formation
Enantioselective C(sp 3)–F bond formation is reported using an engineered non-haem iron enzyme. The process proceeds through a radical fluorine atom transfer pathway, which converts N-fluoroamides into chiral benzyl fluorides.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yunfang Yang, Zhejiang University of Technology. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,val
Environment & Health,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2025_2.png,D,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,The epoxidation products produced by 1-nitropyrene metabolic transformation in the body increase the risk of DNA binding and affect human health. The health risks of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken seriously.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Hu et al. report on an artificial intelligence-based
tool for automatic analysis of animal behavior. The tool improves accuracy by generating
a two-dimensional “pattern image” that represents the animal’s motion pattern over
time. The cover shows the pattern images of both mice and Drosophila larvae arranged in a circular wheel-like configuration. Cover credit: Rajani Arora.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_10.txt,multiBv1,3_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sit et al. present MEA-NAP, an open-source flexible network analysis pipeline for neuronal 2D
and 3D organoid multielectrode recordings. The cover is an artistic impression of
the development of hub and non-hub roles in microscale neuronal networks using node
cartography. Image credit: Rachael Feord, PhD, and Susanna Mierau, MD, DPhil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_2.txt,sbert,4_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Dark et al. describe the generation of left ventricle-like
cardiomyocytes with improved structural, functional, and metabolic maturity from human
pluripotent stem cells. The cover image shows such a cardiomyocyte monolayer culture
with cardiac ryanodine receptors in green, cardiac muscle α- actinin at sarcomeres
in red, and nuclei in blue. Image by Dr. Marie-Victoire Cosson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_9.txt,allv2,3_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kowalczewski et al. present a single-organoid analytics workflow that integrates micropatterning-based
organoid engineering and machine learning techniques to evaluate the impact of micropatterned
geometric designs on cardiac organoid properties. Cover image of a human cardiac organoid
is courtesy of Zhen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,train
BDJ,237_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_2.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,sbert,237_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on mental health, oral cancer inequalities, and autism spectrum condition

Cover image: From 2023. For this issue, we celebrate the cover series from last year which aimed to consider the UNs’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the relevance they have to dentistry, our patients and their oral health. Although there are 17 SDGs, we only have 12 covers in a volume so we had to select the dozen that we felt were most appropriate for this purpose but not necessarily the most important overall – as depicted in the future-gazing professional on this cover’s revisit (Volume 235 Issue 1, 14 July 2023).
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_2.txt,groundtruth,237_2.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on nicotine pouches, clinical coding practices, and community water fluoridation.

Cover image: Dentistry and the SDGs – Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. Is the sun setting on the NHS dental contract? As more and more practices are withdrawing from the NHS altogether, time is running out to close on a solution that is fruitful for all: patients, employees and the NHS itself.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_5.txt,multiBv1,235_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, mouth cancer, and weight stigma.

Cover image: Dentistry and the SDGs – Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities. 1 in 5 Brits have no dentist. Oral health inequalities between rural and urban areas call for a necessity to reduce disparities and enhance oral health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of their geographical location.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_3.txt,allv2,235_3.txt,test
Structure,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_1.png,D,"On the cover: The bacterial transporter AcrB (viewed in magnifying glass) is a member
of the widely distributed RND family and is the energy-transducing component of a
tripartite, multi-drug efflux machine that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative
species (gray background image). Using cryo-EM, the structure of AcrB was studied
in a complex with a small transmembrane protein AcrZ (red) and in the presence of
antibiotic chloramphenicol (space filling representation) within a membrane-mimicking
environment. The structure reveals interaction with lipids (yellow, red), and the
results from simulations and molecular genetics suggest that the small protein and
the lipid type impact the activity of the efflux machine. Cover art by Syma Khalid
and Firdaus Samsudin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/28_7.txt,allv2,28_7.txt,"On the cover: Nestling like an anchor in a seabed among phospholipids forming a membrane,
the triacylated tether of bacterial lipoprotein pullulanase secures the molecule in
the periplasm prior to secretion via the Type 2 secretion system. Molecular dynamics
simulations by East et al. (pp. 92–104) provide an unprecedented insight into this
structure, revealing the membrane-associated pullulanase tether, which is disordered
in solution. Acting as a chaperone, the inner membrane protects pullulanase against
proteolysis and favors its productive interactions with the secretion system through
dynamic secretion signal subdomains. Cover design by Alexandra East.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/24_12.txt,sbert,24_12.txt,"On the cover: DNA bacteriophages and herpesviruses efficiently package their genomes
into empty procapsids in the presence of a large excess of host DNA. A virally encoded
factor known as Small terminase confers specificity to viral DNA avoiding massive
packaging of host DNA. The atomic structure of bacteriophage P22 Small terminase reveals
a nonameric quaternary structure with a central channel sufficiently large to accommodate
hydrated B-DNA. The cover illustrates a ribbon diagram of P22 Small terminase that
resembles a “jellyfish.” The protein is placed in a “sea of DNA” symbolized by algae.
During a typical viral infection, host DNA is in vast excess as compared to newly
replicated P22 genome. Small terminase recognizes P22 DNA in the crowd of contaminating
host DNA and presents it to the packaging motor, thus ensuring fidelity of packaging
and avoiding wasteful ATP hydrolysis. For more details, see the article by Roy et
al. (pp. 1403–1413). Illustration by Monalisa Mazumdar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/20_5.txt,multiBv1,20_5.txt,"On the cover: The illustration shows an artistic representation of chains of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, highlighting the inner membrane-embedded FtsABCD system responsible for
the capture of siderophores. Several hydroxamate siderophores with different structures
are shown surrounding the transporter in the periplasmic space. This illustration
symbolizes the ability of the membrane-anchored periplasmic binding protein, FtsB,
to recognize ligands with different structures as demonstrated in this issue by Fernández-Pérez et al. The conserved binding pocket of FtsB is depicted in red and reproduces the capture
of a molecule of Ferrichrome. Illustration by Jorge Fernández Pérez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,train
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_3.png,D,"This Special Issue on Urban Air Pollution and Human Health presents the latest multidisciplinary advances on urban air quality, its sources, its chemistry and microbiology, health impacts and disease implications, solutions for mitigation and control, and research outcomes influencing policy change. The front cover artwork depicts research by Pond et al. included in this special issue, that estimates cardiopulmonary mortality associations for long-term exposure to fine particulate components within a national US cohort. Depicted components include",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2022_14.txt,allv2,2022_14.txt,"Marine organisms, including mussels, are exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) through multiple sources. As mussels serve as important biomonitors for coastal pollution, this study describes the Coastal Biosensor for Endocrine Disruption assay to screen for EDCs and protect marine wildlife from reproductive impacts. Original cover artwork by Adam Blalock.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2018_9.txt,multiBv1,2018_9.txt,"This study developed a physics-based model to determine life-cycle environmental benefits of lightweighting electrified vehicles (EVs).  Lightweighting EVs is less effective in reducing carbon emissions than lightweighting internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the benefits differ substantially by vehicle model.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2016_5.txt,sbert,2016_5.txt,"This study reveals that allergen-harboring extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from allergenic species are widespread in the environment. EVs enhance allergen stability and translocation. It suggests a novel vesicle-mediated pathway for allergen dissemination and implications for human health. Background elements of the city, greenery, and houses in the cover art were generated by the image generation function of ChatGPT 4.0.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.png,B,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,sbert,2024_4.txt,"Magnetron co-sputtering unlocks a precise control of chemical composition during a high-pressure synthesis in the diamond anvil cell. Chromium cementite is selectively synthesized at high pressures, demonstrating the potential of this novel method. Artwork created by Scott D. Thiel and James P. S. Walsh.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,"The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt,multiBv1,2023_4.txt,test
Cell Chemical Biology,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_6.png,D,"On the cover: Proximity-induced chemistry is a relatively new technique for developing
protein therapeutics. Cheng et al. provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms and approaches associated with proximity-induced
chemistry. They also present innovative protein drugs developed using this technique
and discuss their therapeutic effectiveness based on pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
The cover symbolizes two proteins (blue and green surface representation) that react
to form a covalent bond in close proximity and ultimately serve as a powerful drug.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.txt,ave_3,31_13.txt,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_7.txt,allv2,31_7.txt,"On the cover: Promotion of immune infiltration and activation within the tumor microenvironment
using a tumor-targeting immunostimulant (turquoise peptide-oligo conjugate). In this
issue, Miller et al. (451–462) conjugate an immune-stimulating CpG oligonucleotide
to a unique tumor-targeting peptide that localizes to tumors by binding tumor-associated
integrins (purple receptors). Systemic administration of this tumor-targeted immunostimulant
transforms the tumor immune landscape leading to massive infiltration of T cells (blue
cells) and B cells (purple cells). Cover art by Caitlyn Miller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_10.txt,ave_2,29_10.txt,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,test
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_1.png,B,"There is growing interest in exploiting RNA dysregulation as a source of novel cancer
immunotherapy targets. In a Review of this issue, Xing and colleagues discuss the
expanding repertoire of tumor antigens arising from RNA dysregulation. They introduce
multi-omic and big-data strategies for identifying optimal RNA dysregulationderived
immunotherapy targets, as well as discuss barriers for translating these targets into
effective therapies. The cover shows a T-cell “superhero” armed with a sword shaped
like a T-cell receptor (TCR). The T cell battles with three cancer-cell “villains”,
each with a type of RNA dysregulation that can generate a tumor antigen. Cover image
conceptualized, designed, and provided by Robert Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/42_9.txt,ave_3,42_9.txt,"This issue showcases recent advancements in vaccine research. It
underscores the growing application of nucleic acid, recombinant protein, and multi-epitope
peptide subunit vaccines, as well as lipid nanoparticle and dendritic cell-based
platforms in the design and delivery of vaccines. These innovative approaches are
proving effective against a range of diseases, including infectious viral diseases
like mpox
and enterovirus, parasitic infections such as malaria, and various cancers, all of
which
necessitate a multifaceted immune response. The inclusion of adjuvants, which enhance
vaccine efficacy by stimulating innate immune receptors like Toll-like receptors (TLRs),
is
crucial for achieving optimal results. The cover image features various vaccine types
in the
background while spotlighting a new generation of small molecule (SM) adjuvants, made
possible through advancements in high-throughput screening technologies. In contrast
to
traditional adjuvants, which are often large and complex molecules (lower left), innovative
SM agonists like 2B182C for TLR4 (depicted in red on the cell surface) are prominently
featured. Additionally, PVP-057 and 1V270, which target key endosomal innate immune
receptors—the double stranded RNA sensor TLR3 (shown in blue) and the single stranded
RNA sensor TLR7 (illustrated in green), respectively—are also represented. The cover
image
was designed by Wolfgang W. Leitner and created by Lisa A. Leitner using Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein
5 (MDA5) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that function as key sensors
for viral RNA thus activating anti-viral responses in the body. Current research suggests
that RIG-I and MDA5 have distinct and separate functions consequently opening further
opportunities for the use of specific and potent nucleic acid agonists and putting
the receptors at the center of an ongoing hunt for novel pharmacological pan-antivirals
and vaccine adjuvants. On pages 116–127 of this issue, Kasumba and Grandvaux review
the current literature and discuss the gaps in knowledge that have an impact on the
choice and design of optimal RNA ligands towards achieving an appropriate immunostimulatory
response with RIG-I and MDA5 that will have limited adverse effects in prophylactic
and therapeutic approaches against viruses. Cover image courtesy istock/Rost-9D. Cover
design by Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_12.txt,allv2,40_12.txt,"Most of the persistent threats to human health come from enveloped viruses such as
hepatitis virus, HIV, or influenza. In addition, newly emerging viruses create a high
need to develop broad-spectrum antivirals, which usually are obtained by targeting
of host cell factors. Targeting host cell factors essential for virus persistence,
or immune-based therapies are attractive therapeutic approaches. In this issue, Karin
Wisskirchen, Julie Lucifora, Thomas Michler, and Ulrike Protzer review recent developments
in the generation of antivirals targeting host cell factors as well as immune-based
therapeutic approaches to fight against enveloped viruses. Cover image courtesy of
muzon/iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/35_4.txt,sbert,35_4.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_2.png,A,"CAR T cells eradicate solid tumors
An illustration of intact mitochondria (yellow) in IL-10-expressing CAR T cells. Zhao et al. show that expressing IL-10 in CAR T cells improves their mitochondrial function and therapeutic efficacy in multiple solid-tumor models.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yiling Li, Li Tang, Yugang Guo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"Sequential therapy of drug-resistant cancers with siRNA- and drug-containing minicells bearing O-polysaccharide chains (yellow). MacDiarmid et al. show that RNAi-mediated silencing of the gene encoding a multidrug resistance protein (magenta) reverses tumor drug resistance, increasing the efficacy of subsequent treatment with cytotoxic drugs (p 643). Credits: Martin Hale, © Animated Biomedical Productions, and Russell Kightley, © Russell Kightley Media.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/27_6.txt,multiBv1,27_6.txt,"Resilient off-the-shelf T cells
Colored scanning electron micrograph of resting human T lymphocytes. Mo et al. present an alloimmune defense receptor that allows allogeneic T cells to resist rejection by the host immune system by deleting activated host T and NK cells.
See Mo et al.
Image: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_12.txt,ave_1,39_12.txt,An illustration of a tumor surrounded by T cells bearing cytokine 'backpacks'. The cytokine-delivery system developed by Tang et al. releases cytokines specifically at the tumor after T cells recognize a tumor antigen (p 707). Image credit: Yutao Dong,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_5.txt,allv2,36_5.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_784,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_784.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Stowaway Cells Foster Graft Failure. Primary graft dysfunction can result in transplantation failure. Zheng et al. used mouse models of lung transplantation and examined human donor lung tissue to determine if there were cells present in the donor organ that initiated this response. They found that nonclassical monocytes recruited destructive neutrophils, known mediators of primary graft dysfunction. These results suggest that depletion of nonclassical monocytes in donor tissue, like the one pictured here, could improve the rate of organ transplantation success. [CREDIT: ZHENG ET ALMAC_Bench/Science TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/9_394.txt,allv2,9_394.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Already-Formidable Foes Conceal New Weapons. A pair of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria swim innocently across the stage in this colored transmission electron micrograph. But these Gram-negative bugs cause serious intestinal, lung, wound, skin, and urinary tract infections—especially the drug-resistant varieties. Dire warnings in the popular press have brought to the forefront the perils of antibiotic resistance, but the problem might be worse than we thought. In this week's issue, Roux et al. show that in P. aeruginosa and two other pathogenic bacteria—Acinetobacter baumannii and Vibrio cholerae—mutations in genes that confer intrinsic or acquired antibiotic resistance also impart on the bugs both fitness and virulence advantages during infection. These findings add a new wrinkle in the battle against our drug-resistant adversaries. [CREDIT: L. M. STANNARD, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/7_297.txt,multiBv1,7_297.txt,"ONLINE COVER Clearing the Airways. This image shows an x-ray image of the chest of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for treating COPD, however, this treatment is associated with increased risk of lung infection. Singanayagam et al. examined the airway microbiome in sputum samples from patients with COPD given inhaled corticosteroids and showed increased proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. In mice, inhaled corticosteroids promoted bacterial proliferation by inhibiting the protease cathelicidin, a peptide important for innate immune defense. Boosting cathelicidin production prevented inhaled corticosteroid-induced bacterial proliferation in mice. [CREDIT: SCOTT CAMAZINE/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/11_507.txt,sbert,11_507.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Bacteria Behind Lung Rejection. The cover illustration shows two transplanted lungs, one healthy and tolerated by the recipient (left), the other infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (light orange), leading to formation of donor-specific antibodies (blue) and antibody-mediated rejection (right), ultimately resulting in lung allograft failure. Liao et al. showed that P. aeruginosa infection was associated with increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection in a small retrospective study of lung transplant recipients and elucidated the mechanism by which P. aeruginosa induced antibody-mediated rejection in mouse orthotopic lung transplant models. A Focus by Guerrero-Fonseca and Yipp explains how this work challenges the conventional view of the development of antibody-mediated rejection and highlights further implications for the clinic. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_784.txt,groundtruth,17_784.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_9.png,B,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,multiBv1,2025_2.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,test
Nature Photonics,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_1.png,D,"Subcycle light–matter interactions
Artistic depiction of a Landau-quantized electron wave function dressed by virtual photons in an optical resonator. Femtosecond deactivation of the resonator strips photons off the electrons much faster than a single cycle of light, unveiling otherwise inaccessible properties of this strongly coupled quantum state of light and matter.
See Lange et al.
IMAGE: Christoph Lange COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/14_2.txt,multiBv1,14_2.txt,"The ability to capture sequential ultrafast images generated by femtosecond X-ray pulses could ultimately allow the realization of molecular movies.
Image courtesy of C. M. Gunther  et.al.
Letter by C. M. Gunther  et.al",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/5_11.txt,allv2,5_11.txt,"A spectrotemporal view of the emergence of femtosecond mode-locking. Real-time spectroscopy provides a stream of spectra during the build-up of ultrashort pulses from noisy fluctuations. This 3D representation visualizes the final stage of the process: one narrowband spectral line rapidly broadens, bursts and finally relaxes to a broad femtosecond spectrum.
Article p321
IMAGE: GEORG HERINK
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_8.txt,sbert,10_8.txt,"Femtosecond fieldoscopy
An artistic impression of ‘femtosecond fieldoscopy’, whereby a femtosecond near-infrared light pulse interacts with an ethanol molecule in the liquid phase. A signature of the interaction is imparted on the pulse’s light field, allowing one to retrieve valuable information about the molecular excitation dynamics.
See Srivastava et al.
Image: Soledad Cook-Ordonez, Freelance scientific visual communicator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,val
ACS Materials Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.png,B,"High-precision printing using gold nanoparticle ink, characterized by its low-temperature sintering capacity, presents a promising frontier for advancing flexible printed and wearable electronic technologies. The cover features the investigation and optimization of a water-based gold nanoparticle ink formulation tailored for utilization in aerosol jet and inkjet printers, specifically for applications within printed electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,"The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.png,C,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,allv2,31_5.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_2,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,"On the cover: Over the last two decades, the Editors of Chemistry & Biology have had the privilege of publishing some of the most exciting chemical biology studies.
This special issue marks the 20th anniversary of Chemistry & Biology's first issue. It includes a collection of Perspectives from some of our past Editors
and reviews on a selection of topics that are currently of high general interest for
the community. The cover features snippets of our past cover layouts and is a tribute
to the staying power of the journal and its place as the first publication dedicated
to featuring investigations in all areas at the interface of chemistry and biology.
Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_1.png,A,"Rewiring for life on land
To colonize the land, plants had to evolve ways to obtain nutrients from barren terrains. The nutrient-response networks of liverworts, such as Marchantia polymorpha, show how this was achieved through extensive reorganization of the core components they share with distantly related, water-living algae
See Dong, Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"Retaining network resilience through evolution
Plant regulatory networks adapt to abiotic stresses such as salt conditions. Comparing the gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis and Marchantia shows what is kept and what is lost over the evolutionary history of land plants.
SeeWu, T.-Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_7.txt,allv2,7_7.txt,"The nature of nodules
The symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants such as Mimosa pudica arose more than 90 million years ago. By comparing transcriptomes from several such plant species, the ancestral state can be established and the developments leading to its current diversity followed.
See Libourel et al.
Image: Anne-Claire Cazalé, Laboratoire des interactions Plantes Microorganismes. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_6.txt,sbert,9_6.txt,"The conquest of dry land
Around 470 million years ago, land plants evolved from a charophycean algal ancestor. Many of their lineages, such as Sporogonites, Cooksonia and Baragwanathia (shown here), became extinct, while others have come to dominate most terrestrial habitats.
See Bowman
Image: June Ding. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_1.txt,ave_2,8_1.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_10.png,C,"Establishing laws of plant and ecosystems functioning has been an overarching objective
of functional and evolutionary ecology. However, most theories neglect the role of
human activities in creating novel ecosystems characterized by species assemblages
and environmental factors not observed in natural systems. Lucie Mahaut and colleagues
argue that agricultural weeds, as an emblematic case of such an ‘ecological novelty’,
constitute an original and underutilised model for challenging current concepts in
ecology and evolution. Image credit (flowering Agrostemma githago in a wheat field): Guillaume Fried",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,"Sustainable agriculture in response to increasing demands for food depends on development
of high-yielding crops with high nutritional value that require minimal intervention
during growth. Focus so far has been on changing plants by introducing genes that
impart new properties, which the plants and their ancestors never possessed. On pages
155–164 Michael G. Palmgren and colleagues suggest another potentially beneficial
and perhaps less controversial strategy that modern plant biotechnology may adopt.
This approach, which broadens earlier approaches to reverse breeding, aims to furnish
crops with lost properties that their ancestors once possessed in order to tolerate
adverse environmental conditions. What molecular techniques are available for implementing
such rewilding? Are the strategies legally, socially, economically, and ethically
feasible? These are questions addressed in the review. Cover design by Susanne C.
Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"An in-depth analysis of the mechanistic processes underlying the evolution and ecophysiology
of typical invasive plants such as Carpobrotus spp., Acacia spp., Agave spp. and Opuntia spp. (shown on the cover) in Mediterranean-type ecosystems shows very sophisticated,
complex, and efficient strategies for invasion success, particularly in fragmented
habitats. Sergi Munné-Bosch proposes a two-pronged strategy based on long-term prevention
and eradication for the management of Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Image credit:
Sergi Munné-Bosch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_10.txt,groundtruth,29_10.txt,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,multiBv1,17_9.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_377,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_377.png,A,"COVER This week features a Perspective on focal adhesions, protein complexes that link the cell interior to the extracellular matrix. The image illustrates a model of focal adhesion proteins functioning as a molecular clutch. [Image: Yu-Li Wang, University of Massachusetts Medical School]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_377.txt,groundtruth,2007_377.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article describing the role of the LKB1-activated kinase NUAK1 in decreasing cellular adhesion. The image shows that cells lacking NUAK1 remain attached despite treatments that cause normal cells to detach. [Image: Anna Zagórska and Alan R. Prescott, University of Dundee]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_115.txt,ave_2,3_115.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that demonstrates that the adhesion protein CDH11 mediates contacts between macrophages and fibroblasts that enable macrophages to both promote the activation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and create a self-sustaining, profibrotic niche. The image shows the myofibroblast markers α-SMA (red) and fibronectin (green) in activated mouse lung fibroblasts. [Image: Lodyga et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/12_564.txt,ave_3,12_564.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that discusses protein complexes associated with integrins, which are receptors that regulate cell migration during processes such as development and metastasis. The image is an artist's depiction of a migrating cell. [Image: Yana Greenman, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_89.txt,allv2,2_89.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_4.png,B,"Cregg and colleagues show that a specific population of brainstem command neurons act to control steering of locomotor movements in mice through unilaterally projecting descending fibers to the spinal cord. This finding is artistically depicted on the cover showing a mouse driving a race car in a computer game where left and right turns are initiated by pressing left and right turn buttons on a brain-like controller
Image credit: Gil Costa. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_7.txt,multiBv1,23_7.txt,"A neural circuit for coughing
Coughing is a vital respiratory defense mechanism. Gannot et al. identified a genetically defined neural circuit connecting the airway to the brain that controls cough-like behavior in mice. The cover art features a mouse coughing, with a brain image illustrated in the droplets. The key brain region for coughing, the nucleus of the solitary tract, is highlighted in white.
See Peng Li et al.
Image: Rajani Arora, University of Michigan Life Sciences Institute. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_4.txt,groundtruth,27_4.txt,"The locus coeruleus is a brainstem nucleus that is important for arousal and learning, alerting the brain to surprising stimuli. Martins and Froemke examined how activation of the rat locus coeruleus leads to long-lasting changes in responses to sounds, affecting auditory perception and modifying the circuitry of the rat auditory cortex and the locus coeruleus itself. The cover is a reference to The Scream of Nature by Edvard Munch.1483",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/18_3.txt,allv2,18_3.txt,"Serotonergic anxiety pathways
Yu et al. identify two serotonergic pathways from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the basal amygdala that are differentially involved in the regulation of anxiety-related social avoidance and the avoidance of bright spaces. This finding is depicted on the cover by showing a spotlight on a mouse that creates shadows of different anxiety-related mouse postures and two different neuron-like halos.
See Yu et al.
Image: Xiao-Ming Li, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/25_1.txt,sbert,25_1.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_7.png,B,"Dietary effects across mouse life stages
Differences in standard chow diets can influence mouse model phenotypes and impact experimental reproducibility. In a new Article, Knuth et al. measured the phenotypic effects of exposing mice to commonly used standard chows during different life stages. Their findings demonstrate that the timing of diet exposure can also affect phenotypic outcomes.
See Knuth et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_2.txt,multiBv1,54_2.txt,"Effect of housing temperature on gut motility
A growing body of evidence suggests that housing mice at 22°C induces chronic cold stress in the animals. In a new Article, Han et al. show that mice raised at 22°C display faster gut transit than mice raised at 30°C, due to increased stress signals. These results further highlight the influence of environmental factors on mouse biology, which can affect experimental reproducibility.
See Monack et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_7.txt,groundtruth,53_7.txt,"The case for including more female mice in research
Male mice have been the default in scientific experiments for decades, based on the assumption that hormonal fluctuations across the estrous cycle make females more variable than males. In a News & Views this month, Bronwyn Graham discusses recent findings showing that the estrous phase had little effect on the exploratory behavior of female mice, and that female mice were actually less variable than males.
See Graham
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_8.txt,ave_3,52_8.txt,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,allv2,52_10.txt,test
Nature Human Behaviour,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_3.png,A,"Connecting humans and machines
The ubiquity of human–machine interactions is an opportunity to explore, while being mindful of the risks. This issue features a Focus on the many ways in which humans interact and communicate with machines, which foregrounds the societal implications and ethical considerations of emerging technologies.
See Focus
Image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Focus on cooperation
Human beings rely on cooperation to survive and thrive. Understanding how and why cooperation succeeds or fails is integral to solving the many global challenges we face. In this Focus, we bring together review, opinion, and research content on human cooperation, aiming to spark interdisciplinary conversation.
See Editorial
Image: sarote pruksachat/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"Navigating the AI frontier
The rapid development of generative AI has brought about a paradigm shift in content creation, knowledge representation and communication. This hot generative AI summer has created a lot of excitement, as well as disruption and concern. This issue features a Focus on the new opportunities that AI tools offer for science and society. Our authors also confront the numerous challenges that intelligent machines pose and explore strategies to tackle them.
See Focus
Cover image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"Machine reasoning
Reasoning by analogy is a hallmark of human intelligence. Webb et al. now show that large language models such as GPT-3 are able to solve analogical reasoning problems at a human-like level of performance.
See Webb et al See also Research Briefing
Cover image: Yaron Dotan, Los Angeles-based artist. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_4.txt,sbert,7_4.txt,test
Science Immunology,9_99,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_99.png,D,ONLINE COVER Amoeboid Prowling by Lung ILC2s. Featured on the cover is a confocal image of a precision-cut mouse lung slice showing green group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in close proximity to peribronchial collagen fibers (in blue and magenta). Puttur et al. used intravital microscopy techniques to track the migration of ILC2s during IL-33–induced lung inflammation. These studies identify type I collagen and chemokines as key influences on the shape and locomotor activity of ILC2s during lung inflammation. [CREDIT: FRANZ PUTTUR ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_36.txt,sbert,4_36.txt,"ONLINE COVER ""Induced"" Dendritic Cells. In this issue, Rosa et al. report that ectopic expression of three transcription factors—PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3—is sufficient to reprogram mouse and human fibroblasts into ""induced"" dendritic cells. Featured on the cover is a colored scanning electron micrograph showing an ""induced"" dendritic cell with prominent cytoplasmic protrusions. [CREDIT: JONAS AHLSTEDT & SEBASTIAN WASSERSTROM/LUND UNIVERSITY BIOIMAGING CENTER]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/3_30.txt,multiBv1,3_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Advances in Understanding Allergic Asthma. This month’s cover features a photograph of a young man using an inhaler. Inhaled drugs are widely used by patients with allergic asthma to treat disease exacerbations after aeroallergen exposure. Alladina and Smith et al. used segmental allergen challenge of volunteers with either allergic asthma or just allergy to compare the responses of airway cells collected 24 hours after intrapulmonary allergen challenge. Single-cell profiling identified distinct cellular circuits in the allergic controls without asthma group that provide clues as to how these individuals can tolerate allergen exposure, avoiding activation of pathogenic TH2 cells and progression to impaired airway function. The potential application of these findings to the design of therapeutic interventions for asthma patients is discussed in an accompanying Focus by Gay and Nawijn. Credit: SeventyFour/Shutterstock",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_83.txt,allv2,8_83.txt,"ONLINE COVER IgE Plasma Cells Are Cut from a Different Cloth. Immunoglobulin E–producing plasma cells (IgE PCs) are key players in allergic reactions and are an attractive target for the treatment of allergic diseases. A deeper understanding of IgE PC phenotypic and transcriptional profiles is needed, however. Vecchione et al. characterized IgE PCs from mice exposed to house dust mite allergen. IgE PCs were transcriptionally and phenotypically different from PCs producing other immunoglobulin isotypes, with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress due to higher levels of antibody production. IgE PCs in the lung-draining lymph node (dLN) and bone marrow (BM) showed distinct transcriptional profiles: The relatively short-lived IgE dLN PCs expressed genes indicative of recent class switching, whereas BM PCs were enriched for genes involved in survival and BM homing. This month’s cover illustration depicts plasma cells secreting a profusion of allergy-driving IgE antibodies. Credit: Noelle Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_99.txt,groundtruth,9_99.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_18.png,B,"The chiral secondary structure was induced by a ligand exchange reaction of optically inactive Pt-containing polymers with optically active diphosphine ligands. The intermolecular crosslinking reaction could be suppressed at highly diluted concentrations, in which intramolecular bridging took place to give a folded helical polymer that showed intense CD signals based on exciton coupling. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_24.txt,multiBv1,2022_24.txt,Targeted induction of right- or left-handed double-stranded helical sense in chiral polyelectrolytes through selective choice of configuration in the chiral pendant and with an appropriate counteranion. Authors used Freepik for the cover design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"Poly(benzene-1,4-diyl)s bearing bulky and chiral side-chain groups without a stable helical conformation in solution undergo remarkable chirality amplification leading to a helix with significant anisotropy in the amorphous solid state through interchain interactions, which resulted in intense circular dichroism, efficient circularly polarized luminescence, and chiral recognition toward racemic compounds. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,"A peculiar order–order transition with transition zone between achiral double gyroid and chiral alternating gyroid can be observed in the self-assembly of chiral triblock terpolymers, giving optical activity for the alternating gyroid due to interchain chiral interaction with homochiral evolution from helical polymer chain to hierarchical superstructure via mesochiral self-assembly.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_7.png,C,"Stem cell-embedded hydrogel nanocomposites, tailored with varying stiffness, growth factors, and nanoparticles, effectively guide stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes or osteocytes, facilitating cartilage or bone regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Recent advances in organic and polymer chemistry, bioengineering, and nanotechnology have resulted in several new developments in the field of hydrogels for therapeutic delivery, including nanogels, multicomponent hydrogels, bioorthogonal cross-linking methods, the release of therapeutics from 3D printed hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels. These new concepts will significantly improve the applicability and performance of therapeutic hydrogels and, therefore, increase their role within the field of therapeutic delivery. Image courtesy of Sytze J. Buwalda, Tina Vermonden, Wim E. Hennink, and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2017_11.txt,sbert,2017_11.txt,"The cover art design incorporates three key elements: metal ions, bone defect tissue, and hydrogel. The layout comprises an upper and lower structure. The upper part showcases multiple molecular formulas of hydrogel components and metal ions, while the lower part depicts a bone defect tissue filled with a metal ion-containing hybrid hydrogel, featuring the release of multiple metal ions from the hybrid hydrogel between bone trabeculae. The overall background is a dark blue with elements resembling a starry sky, evoking a sense of technology, artistry, and professionalism, closely aligning with the theme of the paper.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,False-colored scanning electron microscopy image that shows the invasion of human dermal fibroblasts into the interconnected pores of the photocurable polycaprolactone methacrylate-based polymerized high internal phase emulsion scaffold designed for tissue-engineering applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_10.txt,multiBv1,2022_10.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.png,A,"Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in
heterogeneous environments, as shown on the cover. There is a bi-dimensionality in
root traits, the root economics spectrum, and an orthogonal dimension describing how
nutrients are obtained. On pages 78−88, Yue Zhang, Deliang Kong and colleagues
propose that this bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots,
the
allometric relationship of root anatomical structures, and the independence between
root cell wall thickness and cell number. Cover credit: Beijing MyScimage Multimedia
Technology Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.txt,groundtruth,39_12.txt,"Plants are modular organisms built by three key processes: growth,
branching, and duplication of branching systems. Plant architectural traits reflect
key
functional responses to abiotic and biotic conditions. On pages 524–536, Marilyne
Laurans and colleagues argue that plant architecture can offer a dynamic view of the
whole-plant phenotype and a framework for characterizing integrated plant phenotype
and structuring plant trait networks. The cover shows a developing shoot of wild cherry,
Prunus avium. Photo credit: Patrick Heuret.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_7.txt,sbert,39_7.txt,"Plants in moderately water-stressed environments often have C4 photosynthesis, a complex
trait evolved by physiological and anatomical modifications of the more familiar C3
photosynthesis. One key characteristic of C4 anatomy is the surrounding of the leaf
veins by a ring of photosynthetic cells (the bundle-sheath cells, coloured orange
in the section of a C4 leaf shown on this month’s cover). On pp. 403–409 of this issue,
Pascal-Antoine Christin and colleagues discuss the limitations of relying solely on
species phylogenies to investigate transitions between C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Their
findings have important implications for the study of complex trait evolution. Cover
image by Paul Hattersley, http://delta-intkey.com/grass/images/pennis80.gif.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_7.txt,ave_3,25_7.txt,"Trait-based approaches to understanding ecosystem processes involving plants have
tended to focus on aboveground traits. On pp. 692–699 of this issue, Richard Bardgett,
Liesje Mommer, and Franciska De Vries move the focus to root traits and synthesise
emerging evidence for the importance of the belowground parts of plants in ecosystem
processes and responses to climate change. (Background image from an original painting
by Jill Colquhoun Bardgett.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_1.txt,allv2,29_1.txt,test
Molecular Plant,17_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_10.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,sbert,17_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration inspired by the Chinese myth of King Yu
Taming the Flood, which serves as a metaphor for the role of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN
KINASE 12 (CPK12) in hypoxia signaling in Arabidopsis. Hypoxia caused by the submergence/flooding can seriously hinder plant growth, development,
and crop yields. The work reported by Fan et al. (2023) in this issue demonstrates
that hypoxia stress triggers rapid activation and translocation of CPK12 from the
cytoplasm into the nucleus. This process is regulated by phosphatidic acid (PA) and
the scaffold protein 14-3-3. After entering the nucleus, CPK12 interacts with and
phosphorylate several ERF-VII transcription factors to potentiate plant hypoxia sensing.
The cover illustration shows that, like King Yu who built river channels with the
help of Bo-Yi and Hou-Ji to dredge floods, CPK12 promotes hypoxia signaling by stabilizing
ERF-VIIs with the help of PA and 14-3-3 protein. Image by: Lin-Na Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_8.txt,allv2,16_8.txt,"On The Cover The IMMUTANS locus of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX, a versatile terminal (plastoquinol)
oxidase in plastid membranes. It plays a central role in regulating the redox state
of membranes in chloroplasts and non-green plastids. The immutans variegation mutant (shown) has green- and white-sectored leaves due to the absence
of PTOX, and over the years it has served as a model system to understand the function
of this protein in plastid metabolism and processes of photosynthesis and plastid
differentiation. In this paper, studies of immutans reveal that PTOX mediates carotenogenesis, as well as novel pathways of electron
transport, in membranes in etioplasts of dark grown seedlings. These paths likely
define one or more processes of “etiorespiration” in which molecular oxygen is consumed
to form water at the expense of electrons from NAD(P)H. Image by: Sekhar Kambakam.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_4.txt,multiBv1,9_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a paradox of callus proliferation during in vitro plant regeneration. Hypoxic microenvironments resulted from active callus proliferation
during the in vitro plant regeneration process intrinsically inhibit callus regeneration competence.
Low oxygen levels in callus (shown in red) activate the RAP2.12 protein, which promotes
salicylic acid biosynthesis to inhibit callus cell pluripotency. Given that continuous
cell proliferation is essential for pluripotency maintenance, cell proliferation-induced
hypoxia would be an unavoidable intrinsic limitation for tissue culture. This bottleneck
can be overcome by hyperoxia treatment (i.e., excess supply of oxygen), providing
an opportunity to increase plant tissue culture efficiency. Image by Pil Joon Seo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_10.txt,groundtruth,17_10.txt,train
Immunity,58_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/58_2.png,D,"On the cover: TREM2 is a microglial innate immune receptor associated with a lethal
form of early, progressive dementia, the Nasu-Hakola disease, and with increased risk
of Alzheimer's disease. The pathology seen in the presence of TREM2 inactivating mutations was thought to be the result of microglial defects in phagocytosis
of toxic aggregates or apoptotic membranes. In this issue of Immunity, Filipello and Morini et al. (979–991) show that TREM2 promotes microglial-dependent
pruning of supernumerary synapses in the developing brain. TREM2-deficient mice display
excessive spine density, behavioral defects, and reduced long-range functional connectivity,
and TREM2 protein amount negatively correlates with the severity of symptoms in humans
affected by autism. These findings reveal the role for TREM2 in neuronal circuit sculpting
and provide evidence for its involvement neurodevelopmental diseases. The cover illustration
depicts confocal images and 3D reconstruction of CX3CR1+ microglia cells (red) phagocytosing GFP-transfected dendritic spines on neurons (green).
Image by Marco Erreni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/48_2.txt,ave_3,48_2.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_1.txt,allv2,58_1.txt,"On the cover: Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, play an important role in
the maintenance of brain homeostasis, but they lose their homeostatic function during
the course of neurodegenerative disorders. In this issue of Immunity, Krasemann and Madore et al. (566–581) describe how the microglia phenotype switch
is regulated on the molecular level. Several homeostatic microglial genes including
P2ry12are downregulated during disease and aging, whereas Apoeis upregulated and serves as the major regulator of neurodegenerative microglia. TREM2
induced APOE signaling, and inhibiting the TREM2-APOE pathway restored the homeostatic
microglial function. The cover image illustrates homeostatic microglia maintained
by TGF-β signaling as Dr. Jekyll. APOE signaling induces neurodegenerative microglia
when they eat dying neurons and transform into Mr. Hyde in disease. Illustration by
Daisy Chung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/47_4.txt,ave_2,47_4.txt,"On the cover: Inpp5d, a risk gene for Alzheimer’s disease, encodes the lipid phosphatase SHIP1. Matera, Compagnion, et al. demonstrate that Inpp5d is expressed in microglia during early postnatal brain development, where it limits
synaptic pruning in a complement-dependent manner. Perturbation of Inpp5d during brain development has long-lasting effects on cognitive function. The cover
image depicts microglial cells (magenta) interacting with neurons (cyan) in the mouse
CA1 hippocampal region during early development, specifically at postnatal day 15.
The plasticity and dynamism of microglia, which constantly scan the brain environment,
are highlighted by oil painting effect. Image acquisition and editing by Alessandro
Matera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/58_2.txt,groundtruth,58_2.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_7.png,D,"Poly(benzene-1,4-diyl)s bearing bulky and chiral side-chain groups without a stable helical conformation in solution undergo remarkable chirality amplification leading to a helix with significant anisotropy in the amorphous solid state through interchain interactions, which resulted in intense circular dichroism, efficient circularly polarized luminescence, and chiral recognition toward racemic compounds. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_12.txt,sbert,2022_12.txt,"We suggest a facile method to  acquire double gyroid (DG) phase from the self-assembly of chiral block  copolymers (BCPs*), polystyrene-b-poly(L-lactide) (PS−PLLA). A wide  region for the formation of DG can be found in the phase diagram of the BCPs*,  suggesting that helical phase (H*) from the self-assembly of BCPs* can serve as  a stepping stone for the formation of the DG due to an easy path for order−order  transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (network) structure.  Moreover, the order−order transition from metastable H* to stable DG can be expedited by blending the PS−PLLA with compatible entity. Unlike the  conventional way for blending BCP with homopolymer, PS−PLLA blends are prepared  by using styrene oligomer (S) to fine-tune the morphologies of the blends at  which the molecular weight ratio of the S and compatible PS block (r) is  less than 0.1. Owing to the use of the low-molecular-weight oligomer, the  increase of BCP chain mobility in the blends significantly reduces the  transformation time for the order−order transition from H* to DG. Consequently,  by taking advantage of degradable character of the PLLA, nanoporous gyroid SiO2  can be fabricated using hydrolyzed PS−PLLA blends as a template for sol−gel  reaction followed by removal of the PS matrix. See page 7993. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_3.txt,allv2,2014_3.txt,"The chiral secondary structure was induced by a ligand exchange reaction of optically inactive Pt-containing polymers with optically active diphosphine ligands. The intermolecular crosslinking reaction could be suppressed at highly diluted concentrations, in which intramolecular bridging took place to give a folded helical polymer that showed intense CD signals based on exciton coupling. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_24.txt,ave_2,2022_24.txt,"A peculiar order–order transition with transition zone between achiral double gyroid and chiral alternating gyroid can be observed in the self-assembly of chiral triblock terpolymers, giving optical activity for the alternating gyroid due to interchain chiral interaction with homochiral evolution from helical polymer chain to hierarchical superstructure via mesochiral self-assembly.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,50_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.png,D,"Protein synthesis, also called translation, is a complex and vital mechanism mediated
by the ribosome. Translation is very dynamic and any disruption will jeopardize cell
viability. In eubacteria, the main quality-control mechanism for rescuing stalled
ribosomes is trans-translation, performed by tmRNA and SmpB. However, other rescuing systems have been
recently discovered, revealing a far more complex story that is presented by E. Giudice
and R. Gillet on pages 403–411 of this issue. On the cover: the way that a bumblebee
homes in on a cluster of foxglove blooms in a field of flowers is analogous to how
a member of the bacterial rescuing task force scans the translational machinery, detects
stalled ribosomes, and then goes to work on them. Photo courtesy of R. Gillet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/38_5.txt,ave_3,38_5.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.txt,allv2,50_2.txt,"Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) protect the proteome against
deleterious effects of protein unfolding, catching non-native proteins before they
aggregate and precipitate. On pages 1063–1078 in this issue, Johannes Buchner
and colleagues describe the structural and functional principles of sHsp oligomers
and what makes them versatile and adaptive for trapping a large range of non-native
proteins. Cover art, colors inspired by “The Catcher in the Rye”, by Carsten Peters.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.txt,ave_2,49_1.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.txt,groundtruth,50_1.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.png,C,"The first part of a review on managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern
can be found on pp 157–163. This artwork, by Viviana Tarallo (University of Bari,
Italy), shows the role played by arthropods in transmitting CVBDs to humans in different
environments. Design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/25_9.txt,multiBv1,25_9.txt,"The cover shows the circumsporozoite protein (CSP, cyan) and nuclei
(magenta) during the final stage of Plasmodium sporozoite formation within oocysts at the
Anopheles mosquito midgut. The image is a projection over five layers acquired from
a
4x expanded midgut with a Zeiss Airyscan 2 LSM900 microscope. In this issue of Trends
   in Parasitology, Singer et al. discuss the many roles of CSP, from sporozoite formation
within the mosquito to infection of the mammalian host. Image credit: Maren Gehringer
and Kevin Walz, Heidelberg University Medical Faculty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_1.txt,sbert,40_1.txt,"The cover illustrates a famous self portrait of Frida Kahlo that depicts
the close relation between humans and animals (domestics and wildlife) in a tropical
environment, typical of many zoonotic dirofilariasis infections. The parasite and
its vector
(Dirofilaria and the mosquito) are also part of this intricate interface. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Perles et al. review data concerning dirofilariasis in humans, especially wildlife
associated Dirofilaria species that are less often reported as causative agents of human
dirofilariasis, including D. striata, D. tenuis, D. ursi, D. spectans and D. magnilarvata. The authors advocate the importance of combined morphological and genomic approaches
to
providing unequivocal evidence for their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Image
credit: Sofia Otranto and Jairo Mendoza-Roldan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.txt,groundtruth,40_10.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,allv2,32_11.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_32,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_32.png,B,Novel acid-resistant nanofiltration facilitated nonsaponified extraction process can remove the acid from acidic raffinate and achieve a high RE extraction rate and RE loading,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_22.txt,multiBv1,2023_22.txt,"With the assistance of the voltage, the rejection of the optimal membrane for acid fuchsin increased from 36.37% to 99% and the permeance was almost unchanged",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_32.txt,groundtruth,2024_32.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Fang et al., “Evaluating the Antifouling Properties of Poly(ether sulfone)/Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) Blend Membranes in a Full-Size Membrane Module” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00114); and Rafiei and Ricardez-Sandoval, “Stochastic Back-Off Approach for Integration of Design and Control Under Uncertainty” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03935).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_40.txt,allv2,2018_40.txt,"The cover art shows the concept of a membrane reactor that can efficiently couple the decomposition of N2O with water splitting reactions and directly produce synthesis gas for ammonia production. N2O and water with an appropriate ratio are fed to one side (side I) of the membrane, while oxygen-consuming gas (hydrogen or low-grade hydrogen in this case) is fed to the other side (side II). At high temperatures, N2O and water decompose on the surface of the membrane to form N2, H2 (ASG), and oxygen ions. The oxygen ions then transport through the MIEC membrane by diffusion to side II, where they react with H2 to form water; meanwhile, electrons migrate from side II to side I to maintain the electric neutrality of the whole process. The oxygen-consuming gas in side II results in an extremely low oxygen partial pressure on side II, which drives the permeation of oxygen from side I to side II.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_45.txt,sbert,2021_45.txt,train
Current Biology,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_7.png,C,"On the cover: On pages 2090–2099 of this issue, Dubruille et al. report that a gene
duplication event in Drosophilaallowed for the emergence of K81, a telomere capping protein specialized in the protection
of sperm telomeres. Genetic analysis of K81mutant flies revealed that the integrity of sperm telomeres is essential for the transmission
of functional paternal chromosomes to the zygote. This confocal image shows a group
of differentiating spermatid nuclei (in blue) stained with the telomere marker HOAP
(red foci).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_2.txt,multiBv1,20_2.txt,"On the cover: Dedicated stress response pathways help cells adjust to environmental
and cellular stresses. In this issue, Chen and McDonald show that an intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response helps Drosophila border cells migrate collectively in the ovary during oogenesis. This image shows
a dispersed ovary with strings of progressively developing egg chambers. The cell
nuclei are labeled in gold and the cell membranes and the ovary's muscle sheath are
labeled in magenta. Inside each egg chamber, border cells, labeled in blue, migrate
during mid-oogenesis to reach the oocyte, the large brown cell. Image by Yujun Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_18.txt,allv2,34_18.txt,"On the cover: Confocal micrograph of an adult Drosophila melanogaster flight muscle under pressure: myofibrils (magenta) and mitochondria (cyan) build
up pressure on nuclei, in which Tono (yellow) responds by forming round droplets.
Here, pressure was increased externally by incubation in a hyper-osmotic solution
(200 mM NaCl) prior to fixation; as a consequence, Tono formed large droplets. In
this issue, Zhang, Avellaneda, et al. demonstrate that the BTB-Zn finger protein Tono is required for myogenesis. Without
Tono, myofibrils and mitochondria remain immature, muscles do not work, and flies
can neither fly nor jump. Tono is present in the muscle nuclei and responds to internal
and external mechanical pressure on the nuclei by forming small or large droplets.
The authors propose that Tono measures the internal pressure status to adapt the transcriptional
program of the developing flight muscles, which in turn supports myofibril and mitochondria
maturation. Similar mechanosensitive BTB-Zn finger proteins may exist in humans. Image
acquired by Jerome Avellaneda.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Schoppmeier et al. (pages 1811–1815) show that the transcription
factor Caudal in the early flour beetle embryo is translationally regulated by MEX-3
(which has a similar function in C. elegans) and by ZEN-2 (a protein related to the anterior morphogen Bicoid in Drosophila). The image shows a ventroanterior aspect of the head of a Tribolium first-instar larva (cuticle autofluorescence was detected with a Zeiss ApoTome microscope).
In contrast to fly maggots, beetle larvae develop all typical insect head appendages,
i.e., labrum (top), antennae, mandibles, maxillae, and labial palps (bottom), which
makes Tribolium an ideal system for the study of insect head development. Image by Christian Schmitt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_4.txt,sbert,19_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_9.png,A,"‘Altered activity’, inspired by the Perspective on p272.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"‘A mental vista’, inspired by the Perspective on p309.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/22_8.txt,ave_2,22_8.txt,"‘Taking shape’, inspired by the Review p271.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_8.txt,sbert,24_8.txt,"‘Brain activity on the move’, inspired by the Perspective on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_7.txt,allv2,24_7.txt,val
ACS Macro Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.png,D,"A twinflower is thriving in the grassland of a polymer synthesis. This catalyst-free and visible light-induced step-growth polymerization method was developed by employing a photo-RAFT single unit monomer insertion reaction. A pendent cationic RAFT agent was formed in each repeat unit of the backbone, which could be used for both radical and cationic chain extensions to produce different bottlebrush polymers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_11.txt,multiBv1,2022_11.txt,Protein coronas influence the specific targeting of functionalized polymer particles. See page 1259. Image courtesy of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,"We introduce a versatile nanogel probe with violet-blue emission that is pH-responsive. The probes contain two complementary fluorophores and use the strong distance dependence of nonradiative resonance energy transfer to sensitively report nanogel swelling changes. The nanogel probes were included in hydrogels at low concentration and enabled investigation of their internal environments via ratiometric fluorescence intensity variation. These new nanogel probes should provide a versatile system for remotely studying pH and strain within gels. Image courtesy of Mingning Zhu, Dongdong Lu and Brian R. Saunders.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2017_2.txt,sbert,2017_2.txt,"Blue butterflies (reagents) try to access to the flowers (catalytic sites) either arranged randomly on the surface of the left tree (dendrimer) or precisely on the surface of the right tree (dendrimer). After reaching the flowers, blue butterflies are transformed to orange butterflies (products).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.png,D,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre (mother of pearl), the study shows that graphene–polyethylene nanocomposites confer excellent shock dissipation and spall strength, especially when there is grafting between the filler (graphene) and the matrix (polyethylene), ushering exploration of biomimetic nanocomposites for protection under extreme conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,"Detecting defects inside of microarchitected materials is important to ensure their intended functionality. The high scattering nature of these materials hides these defects, especially those deep inside these materials, from sight. In our manuscript we investigate defects deep inside these structures by using optical microscopy techniques with submicrometer resolution to resolve the entire structure and pinpoint the nature and location of individual defects. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Joule,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_5.png,D,"On the Cover: Hydrogen split from water provides fuel for long-duration energy storage.
In this issue of Joule, Dowling et al. find that long-duration energy storage (e.g., power-to-gas-to-power
with hydrogen) can make reliable wind-solar-battery electricity systems more affordable.
Photograph courtesy of Durk Gardenier.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_4.txt,allv2,4_4.txt,"On the Cover: Depicted is the green solar ammonia refinery mirroring the traditional
image of a fossil-powered greenhouse gas-emitting Haber-Bosch ammonia refinery, showing
that we are building something clean, sustainable, and futuristic, in contrast to
the past. Cover art by Chenxi Qian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"On the Cover: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) features energy infrastructure construction
aimed to catalyze economic development, with fossil fuel currently predominating ongoing
projects. The cover art, using the Chinese papercutting folk art form, depicts cooperative
development around integration of solar photovoltaics as a renewable power source
throughout the BRI region. In this issue of Joule, Chen et al. (1895–1912) developed an integrated model to explore the potential of
solar power as a climate-friendly alternative to decouple future regional economic
growth from increasing carbon emissions. The potential distribution of solar power
over the BRI region with systematic consideration of the impacting factors was evaluated
on an hourly basis using high-resolution data. The result demonstrates the advantage
of regional solar cooperation and the importance of investments in electric power
grid interconnections. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_5.txt,sbert,3_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates Wallington et al.’s comprehensive analysis of green hydrogen’s potential to decarbonize all transportation
modes. Electricity is generated by harnessing renewable energy sources such as solar
and wind to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. This hydrogen, along with direct
renewable electricity, powers a variety of vehicles. The image captures the entire
spectrum of transportation modes: road vehicles, trains, aircraft, and ships, all
contributing to a more sustainable future. Image credit: Stephen Alvey and Joaquim
R.R.A. Martins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_6.png,C,"On the cover: The PH1 mutation harbored by this flower is due to the insertion of
an active transposon in the coding sequence of the gene. Cells in which the transposon
has jumped out of the locus, leaving a footprint that restores the coding sequence,
acquire the reddish wild-type color. Protoplasts isolated from this flower are a mixed
population of white cells from the mesophyll, blue anthocyanin-containing cells from
the corolla (mutant cells), and reddish cells from the corolla (revertant cells).
Koes, Quattrocchio, and colleagues now show that flower color is determined by two
P-ATPases, including PH1, that hyperacidify the vacuole.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/6_6.txt,allv2,6_6.txt,"On the Cover: Two 3D reconstructions of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, showing
the domains of transcription and translation (in magenta) and protein accumulation
(in green) of the transcription factor MONOPTEROS. In this issue, Cavalleri et al. report that MONOPTEROS protein is stable in tissues with high auxin content, while
accumulation is prevented by proteasomal degradation in domains with low auxin. This
regulation is required to correctly modulate root development and sensitivity to auxin.
Image credit: Alex Cavalleri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_1.txt,multiBv1,43_1.txt,"Some wild Mimulus verbenaceus plants in Sedona, AZ, USA display a distinct anthocyanin
stripe across their leaves. In this issue, LaFountain et al. identify three regulatory genes that pre-pattern the foliar stripe and are associated
with leaf development. These findings suggest that the stripe phenotype was potentiated
by the incorporation of an anthocyanin regulatory gene into a pre-existing genetic
regulatory network and provide insights into how phenotypic novelties emerge. Concept
and Artwork: Bianca T. Ferreira.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_6.txt,groundtruth,43_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows a young GUS-stained and cleared Arabidopsis flower
with pollen-specific expression of the gene FWA (blue speckles in the anthers) in mbd5mbd6 mutant plants. Ichino et al. show that, in this mutant, transcriptional derepression
of transposons and genes like FWA is restricted to developing pollen grains, likely due to their sensitized decompacted
chromatin state. Image taken by Lucia Ichino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/41_6.txt,sbert,41_6.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.png,B,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,allv2,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,ave_2,6_7.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,ave_3,6_8.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/11_1.png,A,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_2.txt,allv2,11_2.txt,"Intratumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer. Mutations, aberrant epigenetic changes,
and other perturbations increase the stochasticity of gene regulatory networks, increasing
entropy. This increase in entropy can result in cancer cell plasticity at the single
cell level and tumor heterogeneity at the population level. In this issue, Nijman
(pp. 454–461) proposes that cancer-associated perturbations collectively disrupt normal
gene regulatory networks by increasing their entropy. The cover image depicts Robert
Smithson’s earthwork sculpture, Spiral Jetty. This artwork articulates the artist’s fixation on entropy as well as the passage
of time and was inspired by an emblem of energy unfolding over time. Cover design
courtesy of gettyimages/Scott T. Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_8.txt,ave_3,6_8.txt,"Recent work has revealed unappreciated functions of nucleotides that extend beyond
their canonical roles as substrates for DNA and RNA synthesis. In this issue, Shi
and Savani et al. discuss insights into these functions and the ways that they are exploited by tumor
cells. Nucleotides interact with growth pathways, protect cells from DNA damage, stimulate
central carbon metabolism, and direct cell fate decisions and cell-cell communication.
These advances offer new avenues for cancer therapy that leverage a deeper understanding
of nucleotide metabolism. The cover depicts a satellite emitting waves of nucleotides,
which transmit information within and between cells. Covert art and design courtesy
of Melissa Logies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_5.txt,ave_2,9_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_4.png,D,"The many facets of RNA, inspired by the Review on p22.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_12.txt,allv2,21_12.txt,"Modifications light up RNA, inspired by the Review on p303.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"'Making changes to RNA' by Lara Crow, inspired by the Review on p381.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/17_7.txt,ave_3,17_7.txt,"One circular RNA to rule them all, inspired by the Review on p597
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_4.txt,groundtruth,24_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_399,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_399.png,C,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows how DNA methylation regulates synaptic scaling to control the strength of glutamate transmission in cortical neurons. The image is an acrylic painting that resembles dendrites and synapses in a pyramidal neuron. [Image: J. David Sweatt/University of Alabama-Birmingham],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_382.txt,multiBv1,8_382.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that discusses how different subsets of postsynaptic receptors are activated depending on whether the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal occurs spontaneously or is triggered by an action potential. The image shows the activation of a subset of glutamate receptors following spontaneous release of glutamate. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_65.txt,allv2,2_65.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how nicotine modulates synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex. The image depicts a ball-and-stick model of nicotine.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_399.txt,groundtruth,2007_399.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that includes Research Articles, a Review, and a Perspective that highlight how synaptic signaling pathways are influenced by neuronal stress and how altered signaling contributes to neurological disease. The image shows MRI scans of the human brain. [Image: haydenbird/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_283.txt,sbert,6_283.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.png,D,"Polycrystalline Ge is a leading candidate as a channel material for next-generation thin-film transistors; however, randomly existing grain boundaries have degraded device characteristics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,Artistic depiction of a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond film grown on a gold-coated substrate over gold nanoparticles which form during deposition. Gold nanoparticle size can be controlled by the surface pretreatment or suppressed by growing a diamond nucleation layer in a linear antenna microwave chemical vapor deposition reactor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_7.txt,multiBv1,2019_7.txt,the growth surface is always low (<12 Mpa) during the whole growth process whether using AlN or SiC seeds.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_8.txt,sbert,2021_8.txt,"Understanding CdTe thin-film growth is essential to enhancing its efficiency in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. Here, we investigated the growth dynamics of CdTe homoepitaxial films on Cd- and Te-terminated (111) surfaces at various temperatures using molecular dynamics and time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo simulations with a machine-learning force field. The background image is generated using the OpenAI DALL-E program.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_2.png,B,"On the Cover: The cover portrays the CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal emitters synthesized by Heo et al. via a hydrogen-halide-mediated
anionic exchange method. The materials display high color purity and compositional
uniformity over the full color spectrum. Cover sketched by Sang Hyuk Im.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Baker and Alvarez investigated local pH modification for urea electro-oxidation in bulk-neutral media.
The image shows co-located electrodes with gas bubbles generated on the surface. It
is reminiscent of hydrogen evolution during the urea electro-oxidation reaction on
interdigitated electrodes. The color gradient is a reference to the simulation results
depicting pH variation along the surface. The image was created by Mr. Eric Proctor,
Visual Information Specialist at DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the cover: Wei Zhou et al. report a superphane as an effective receptor for the
recognition, extraction, and adsorption of perrhenate with exceptional affinity and
selectivity. The cover illustrates in schematic form the selective separation of anions
by this receptor system for rapid and complete removal of perrhenate. The hourglass
represents a separation or adsorption system, the green lantern-like constructs represent
superphanes, and the perrhenate ions are highlighted in red and gold. Artwork credit:
Shangzhen Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"On the cover: The study by Xiang et al. primarily focuses on data-driven lithium-ion battery degradation models. The cover
image incorporates an electric vehicle, a battery, and neurons representing deep learning,
indicating our use of a semi-supervised deep-learning method to empower the aging
modeling of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. The gradient colors of the
battery imply its aging process. The authors would like to express gratitude to Qinxin
Li for creating the image.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.png,B,"The high concentration of oxygen vacancies on Ni/CeO2-NS facilitates the activation of water and oxygen molecules during methanol oxidative steam reforming, leading to enhanced conversion of methanol to hydrogen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_37.txt,ave_3,2024_37.txt,"A novel microwave catalyst exhibits outstanding CO2 oxidative propane dehydrogenation (CO2-ODHP) performance by microwave catalysis at low temperatures, and the doping of Y greatly improved stability and regeneration performance for ZnO. This work cleverly utilizes microwave characteristics to solve the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"H2-rich gas can be produced from biomass reforming at low temperature when Ni/ZSM-5 is employed as a catalyst. Through various ex situ and in situ techniques, the generation mechanism of syngas involved in the intermediate transformation during biomass tar reforming is unraveled.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_35.txt,multiBv1,2022_35.txt,"Chemical-looping-based oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with successive CO2 activation to CO was verified on FeMTiOx mixed metal oxides (M = Ni, Sn, Co, Mn, Ce).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/9_1.png,B,"JWST puts a shine on the Southern Ring
JWST Early Release Observations with the NIRCam and MIRI instruments reveal that the Southern Ring Nebula is not just the product of a binary star system, as previously thought, but likely a creation that involved a quadruple (if not larger) star system. Also evident, in crisp detail, is a flocculent ring and extended halo composed of molecular hydrogen.
See De Marco et al.
Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, J. DePasquale (STScI). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_1.txt,multiBv1,6_1.txt,"Galactic fireworks from cosmic dawn
13.4-billion-year-old photons reveal the extreme conditions in one of the most distant known galaxies. This illustration highlights the JWST/MIRI spectrum of galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12, in which atomic transitions from hydrogen and oxygen are present.
See Zavala et al.
Image: César Augusto Huato Méndez & Jorge A. Zavala (Background image: JWST, NASA/ESA/CSA. Composition by Diego Paris). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Super-stars go supernova
At the end of their lives, so-called super-asymptotic giant branch stars of main sequence mass 8–10 solar masses are expected to explode via an electron-capture mechanism. Here Hiramatsu et al. identify a supernova that exhibits all six of their hallmarks of electron-capture supernovae.
See Hiramatsu et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Joseph DePasquale (STScI) and Las Cumbres Observatory. Cover Design:Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_4.txt,sbert,5_4.txt,"Out of the ordinary
Observations of a dusty high-redshift (z = 6) galaxy reveal it to be more representative of ‘normal’ star-forming galaxies in the local Universe, rather than the extreme starbursts of a similar age discovered to date. The cover image is an interpretation of this distant lensed galaxy by young illustrator Elda FloMont.
See Zavala et al.
Image: Elda FloMont, digital artist. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_2.png,B,"Protein engineering is an important and rapidly growing field that bridges multiple
fi elds of study. For example, chemistry lends a hand in understanding and modifying
enzyme catalysis, and biochemistry and structural biology contribute knowledge and
manipulation of protein function and structure. As such, Trends in Chemistry and Trends
in Biochemical Sciences have collaborated on Focused and Special Issues, respectively,
that highlight advances in chemoenzymatic synthesis and applications of protein engineering.
Cover image by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"BURP domain peptide cyclases (BpCs) represent a newly emerging class
of copper enzymes that catalyze the oxidative macrocyclization of peptides in plants,
offering exciting potential for advances in plant biochemistry and biotechnology.
In their
Opinion article, Hematian and Noyon discuss the recent breakthroughs in understanding
the sequence, structure, and function of BpCs, along with their proposed chemistry.
They offer potential mechanistic models and highlight critical structural aspects
that
could guide future research into BpCs' reactivity and catalytic mechanisms. Artwork
credit: Shabnam Hematian & M. Rafi ul O. K. Noyon",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"Cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) are membrane proteins that
modulate the flux of ions - sodium and/or potassium cations coupled with chloride
anions – across cells. CCCs are crucial in setting intracellular ionic concentration
and
cell-volume homeostasis. In the past, diuretic drugs have been developed on CCCs
expressed in the kidney. However, CCCs are also critically involved in numerous other
pathologies, stimulating recent drug-discovery programs targeting CCCs. On pages
832–849 of this issue, De Vivo, Cancedda, and colleagues review the structure-function
relationships of CCCs, providing analysis on current highresolution cryo-EM data and
older biochemical/functional studies. The authors discuss the mechanistic insights
and
opportunities to design selective CCC-modulators to treat diverse diseases. Shown
on
the cover is Danio rerio NKCC1, the first cryo-EM CCC structure resolved in 2019.
The
transporter is embedded in the membrane (grey lines), and flux of ions (3 colors,
one for
each ion transported: Na, K, and Cl) go through each monomer of the protein from one
side to the other of the cell. Image credit: Corinne Portioli, Manuel Jose Ruiz Munevar,
Marco De Vivo, and Laura Cancedda (Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_3.txt,multiBv1,3_3.txt,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_1.png,B,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"This figure shows materials being ""scanned"" by AI, as our method applies an AI-based filter to assess prediction reliability of AI-based regression models. The depicted structures are from the COD database (CC0 license) and were processed using the Avogadro software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Liang et al. employ machine learning techniques to establish a connection between microscopic morphology and macroscopic properties. The cover image showcases a set of AI goggles symbolizing the predictive model, capable of analyzing morphology and providing property predictions. The backdrop consisting of SEM images and a neural network emphasizes the model's foundation on neural network architecture and extensive data training. The image credits go to Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, et al.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"On the cover. The key elements in our approach, which employs a generative model to sample novel chemical structures. Commencing from a set of structurally similar molecules, shown in the top row, a model is constructed which describes the structural variations (left). New samples are then drawn from this model and a projection step is applied (right). These samples are shown in the bottom row and represent novel chemical structures that, with high probability, have similar structural properties to those in the original set. The molecules used to construct the model are taken from the EGFR dataset in the Directory of Useful Decoys. See D. White and R. C. Wilson, p 1257.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2010_6.txt,ave_3,2010_6.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_8.png,A,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,"EGFR and its family members have emerged as strong therapeutic targets in cancer.
However, the therapeutic progress achieved with EGFR inhibitors that blocks its activation,
has also been accompanied by increasing number of acquired resistance mechanisms frequently
observed in treated patients. In a review of this issue, Guardiola et al. discuss the different anti-EGFR therapies currently available and highlight their
uses and limitations. They further explore the potential of drug combinations in blocking
the activation of EGFR that could lead to efficacious cancer therapy. Cover image
adapted from Figure 1 of Guardiola et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_1.txt,ave_2,40_1.txt,"Progressively increasing failure rates and high costs associated with cancer drug
development have necessitated alternative approaches to drug discovery. Exploring
established non-cancer drugs for anticancer activity provides an opportunity to rapidly
advance therapeutic strategies into clinical trials. In this issue, Subash C. Gupta,
Bokyung Sung, Sahdeo Prasad, Lauren J. Webb, and Bharat B. Aggarwal explore efforts
to repurpose diverse compounds into anticancer therapeutics.Cover image courtesy of
iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_4.txt,ave_3,34_4.txt,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_7.txt,allv2,45_7.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_7.png,D,"Magnetite nanodiscs decorating axons extending from a sensory neuronal structure dorsal root ganglion in vitro revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Switching from the vortex to in-plane magnetization state enabled the nanodiscs to transduce torques to the membranes of mechanosensitive neurons and, thus, to trigger their activity via remotely applied magnetic fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2020_6.txt,ave_3,2020_6.txt,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,"Arrays of high-aspect-ratio nanopillars direct stem cell growth and patterning via tunable geometrical cues built into the biomaterial surface. Nanopillar arrays of specific order, spacing, and aspect ratio induce predictable morphologies including neuron-like polarization and directional outgrowth of cellular processes. Mechanobiological cues are thus programmed into diverse biomaterials by tuning the geometrical properties of the surface structures. Read the full article on p 6222. Image courtesy of Mike Bucaro, Benjamin Hatton, and Joanna Aizenberg.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2012_6.txt,ave_2,2012_6.txt,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.png,D,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,multiBv1,1_8.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_1.png,B,"The candidate biomarkers for intake of deep-fried potatoes were discovered and characterized as furans, pyrroles and pyrazines through LC–MS untargeted metabolomics",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2020_31.txt,sbert,2020_31.txt,"Microorganisms secrete siderophores to acquire iron. Streptomyces, the well-known strains producing numerous metabolites, also produce a rich variety of siderophores with diverse structures that play important roles in many fields. This review provides an overview of the classification, structure, biosynthesis and applications of siderophores produced by Streptomyces,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Postbiotic collagen peptides produced from probiotic fermentation as biological mediators to exert wound-healing activities in gut epithelial cells via the GPR35-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway: Part of this cover (image of a person) has been designed using images from Freepik.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_25.txt,multiBv1,2022_25.txt,"This study investigates a novel antimicrobial peptide AtR905 derived from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus, which was successfully expressed in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,train
Nature Food,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_12.png,C,"Diversification for resilience
Resilience is the capacity to recover in response to adverse circumstances, and resilient food systems are needed in the face of population growth and the impacts of climate change. Resilience of food systems has economic, social and ecological facets characterized by financial equitability, inclusivity and support of communities, and minimization of detriment to the natural environment. A central theme emerged for the scientists working on the UN Food Systems Summit Action Track on Resilience, and that was diversification. Diversification supports resilience, and there are multiple opportunities to enhance diversification along the supply chain, including at the production level, the global, regional and local trading systems level, and at the household level.
See Hertel et al.
Image: Hendrik Schneider / ZALF. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,"Focus on cellular agriculture
There are many viewpoints on how cellular agriculture technologies can benefit or hinder sustainable food system transformations.
This focus issue takes stock of the field from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our contributors comment on sustainability, food justice, corporate power and potential for greenwashing, virtue ethics, scaling for impact and antimicrobial resistance, and examine tensions and opportunities for moving forward.
See Editorial, Comments by Tuomisto, Ellis et al., Broad and Chiles, Howard, Bomkamp, Holmes et al. and Alvaro, World View by Friedrich, and Feature by Gruber
Image: Monty Rakusen/Getty Images. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"Urban agriculture
Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"Food on the move
The food system is increasingly globalized, and localness is often presented as an attribute of sustainable food production. But there is a dearth of evidence on feasibly minimizing the distance between sites of food production and consumption. A model based on foodsheds suggests that less than one-third of the world’s population could achieve their demand for specific crops with production and consumption within a 100-km radius. Food is on the move — to ensure adequacy and stability of current global food supply.
See Kinnunen et al.
Image: Chris Boswell / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_7.png,B,"Balancing user and robotic control
Brain–machine interfaces can augment human capabilities and restore functions. In the past decade, advances in materials engineering, robotics and machine learning are opening up new possibilities in this area. In work by Katy Z. Zhuang et al. a robotic hand prosthesis is developed that allows not only user-controlled movement but also assisted grasping in a shared control scheme. This is accomplished by first decoding myoelectric signals with a machine learning method to control individual fingers. This proportional control of fine movements is combined with an algorithmic controller to assist stable grasping by maximizing the area of contact between a prosthetic hand and an object. Elsewhere in this issue, Musa Mahmood et al. demonstrate a portable, wireless, flexible scalp electroencephalography system, implementing state-of-the-art flexible electronics approaches and convolutional neural networks for real-time neural signal classification. In our Editorial, we look at some of the history of brain–machine interfaces, going back to Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics.
See Zhuang et al., Mahmood et al. and Editorial
Image: Albert Shakirov / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,"Self-motion estimation with neuromorphic resonator networks
Estimating position and movement relative to objects with vision is a challenging computational problem in robotics. Renner et al. propose a neuromorphic solution, aiming at low-power, brain-inspired machine vision for mobile robots. In this approach, event-based neuromorphic vision sensors convert luminance changes during movement into spikes, illustrated in the cover image, with colour representing time. A neural architecture then analyses scene structure and the sensor’s pose, building a working memory of the environment.
See Renner et al. and Renner et al.
Image: Alpha Renner and Lazar Supic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"Adaptive locomotion for neural walking machines
Learning walking gaits in unstructured environments is a challenging task for multi-legged robots such as the hexapods in the cover image. A modular approach for neural control by Thor et al . in this issue combines multiple primitive closed-loop controllers to allow rapid learning and adaptive behaviour, including pipe and wall climbing, as well as gaits to pass through high, low or narrow gaps.
See Thor et al.
Image: Mathias Thor. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_11.txt,multiBv1,4_11.txt,"Neuromorphic olfaction
Neuromorphic chips are designed to use computational machinery inspired by the brain, but it has been challenging to use that machinery in real-world practical problems. In a paper in this issue, Imam and Cleland describe a neural algorithm for the learning and identification of odour samples based on the architecture of the mammalian olfactory system. They implement their neural algorithm in the Intel Loihi neuromorphic system.
See Nabil Imam and Thomas A. Cleland.
Image: Springer Nature Limited/Jordan Abina. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.png,A,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,ave_3,2017_9.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,allv2,2017_4.txt,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_7.png,B,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_8.txt,allv2,45_8.txt,"Despite the successes in recent years in the development of novel cancer
therapies including small molecule drugs and biologics, resistance to these therapies
is common and affects disease prognosis and quality of life of patients. Towards
eradication of therapy resistance, clinicians and research scientists in different
parts
of the world have leveraged new, advanced technological tools to gain greater insights
of the molecular underpinnings of cancer progression and resistance to treatment.
These insights promise to revolutionize current approaches including drug combination
strategies in tackling therapy resistance in cancer. The June special issue of Trends in
   Pharmacological Sciences features expert perspectives on the recent developments in
the cancer drug resistance field and exciting future avenues of research. Image credit:
Lucidio Studio Inc. via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,"EGFR and its family members have emerged as strong therapeutic targets in cancer.
However, the therapeutic progress achieved with EGFR inhibitors that blocks its activation,
has also been accompanied by increasing number of acquired resistance mechanisms frequently
observed in treated patients. In a review of this issue, Guardiola et al. discuss the different anti-EGFR therapies currently available and highlight their
uses and limitations. They further explore the potential of drug combinations in blocking
the activation of EGFR that could lead to efficacious cancer therapy. Cover image
adapted from Figure 1 of Guardiola et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_1.txt,ave_2,40_1.txt,"Progressively increasing failure rates and high costs associated with cancer drug
development have necessitated alternative approaches to drug discovery. Exploring
established non-cancer drugs for anticancer activity provides an opportunity to rapidly
advance therapeutic strategies into clinical trials. In this issue, Subash C. Gupta,
Bokyung Sung, Sahdeo Prasad, Lauren J. Webb, and Bharat B. Aggarwal explore efforts
to repurpose diverse compounds into anticancer therapeutics.Cover image courtesy of
iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_4.txt,ave_3,34_4.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_9.png,C,"Polymer physical phenomena have achieved a notable breakthrough in the design of meso- and macrostructures of inorganic materials. This Account introduces the recent developments, insights, and practical applications of the spinodal decomposition-driven synthesis, generating hierarchically structured mesoporous inorganic materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_2.txt,sbert,2023_2.txt,"Carbon electrode–molecule junctions offer a reliable platform for revealing and understanding the intrinsic properties of materials at the molecular-length scale, thus forming the basis for building a new generation of functional integrated circuits and sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. See Guo and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00133).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_4.txt,multiBv1,2015_4.txt,"This cover illustration highlights the sophisticated design and application of stretchable physiological microelectrode arrays (MEAs), emphasizing their function as adaptable and biocompatible interfaces for neuron–motor pathways. These state-of-the-art MEAs are crafted to accommodate the dynamic movements of biological tissues, guaranteeing stable and accurate electrophysiological measurements. This breakthrough technology is poised to enhance numerous biomedical applications, such as neural prosthetics and brain–machine interfaces. The exceptional biocompatibility and mechanical resilience of these MEAs facilitate enduring real-time neural signal monitoring, propelling our comprehension and capacity to regulate neural functions for therapeutic interventions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Wireless magnetoelectric neural stimulator next to a blueberry to demonstrate miniaturization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,train
One Earth,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_3.png,C,"On the cover: The global food system must transform to alleviate environmental pressures,
but it must do so in a way that is equitable, inclusive, and respectful of local dietary
needs, customs, and cultures. This month's cover features hundreds of people buying
and selling food in a market in Sanga, Mali. Credit: Owen Franken, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_8.txt,ave_2,6_8.txt,"On the cover: The blue economy has emerged as a transformative framework to establish
socially equitable, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable ocean sectors.
National plans and policy goals are increasingly incorporating this term, but concerns
persist that the urgency and opportunity to find ways to sustain and equitably share
benefits from the oceans will instead lead to bluewashing, deflection of accountability,
and continued negative impacts. The cover image was designed by Casey Williams (https://caseylynnwilliams.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_4.txt,allv2,5_4.txt,"On the cover: Blue foods and small-scale fisheries are vital for the resilience of
coastal communities, providing essential nutrition, economic stability, and cultural
identity. However, they face threats from overexploitation, climate change, and habitat
degradation. Inclusive governance of these resources is crucial for maintaining traditions
and ensuring economic and nutritional stability for current and future generations.
Image: Image Source, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_47,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_47.png,D,"electrocatalysts, solvents, and lithium salts deteriorates the redox kinetics in Li‒S chemistry. As visually illustrated in the cover art, a Lewis basic salt lithium iodide is introduced to “clip” the Lewis acidic sites and boost the performances of Li‒S pouch cells. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_20.txt,allv2,2022_20.txt,"The complete biosynthetic pathway of a complex fungal meroterpenoid, anditomin, has now been elucidated. The anditomin pathway employs an unprecedented synthetic strategy with the nonheme iron-dependent dioxygenase AndA to afford the unique bicyclo[2.2.2]octane framework. Another dioxygenase, AndF, is also responsible for the structural complexification to finalize the pathway. See Abe and co-workers, p 15326.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_10.txt,sbert,2014_10.txt,"Strong electrostatic repulsion provided by the rock salt/spinel phase formed on the surface of cycled cathode disrupts Li+ transport and restrains lithium replenishment during regeneration. We propose the topotactic transformation of stable rock salt/spinel phase into Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 and then back to LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode, which greatly improves lithium replenishment during regeneration.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2023_39.txt,ave_2,2023_39.txt,LiFePO4–Li,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_47.txt,groundtruth,2024_47.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.png,B,"The exciting and rapidly expanding field of mechanochemistry is at the very forefront of sustainable synthesis whilst also allowing greatly simplified experimental procedures and interesting alternative reactivity. For the first time, ring-opening copolymerization was performed via mechanochemistry. Highly efficient (co)polymerizations were achieved in a ball-milling system using monomers derived from amino acids and starch. Importantly, organic co-catalysis effects, homologous to those observed in solution, were demonstrated to be active within the mechanochemical system. This study opens a new field of study in (co)polymer synthesis and organic catalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2021_1.txt,sbert,2021_1.txt,"Aqueous photoiniferter polymerization of acrylonitrile, achieving high monomer conversion, faster kinetics, and controlled molecular weights, could dramatically improve polyacrylonitrile-based polymers for high-performance carbon fiber production. The AI-generated cover depicts black carbon fibers being pulled out of a beaker of shimmering saltwater, highlighting the potential application of this work.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The Letter reports on the toughening of the bio-based polymer, polylactide (PLA), by blending it with just 2 wt % of a new polyester. The blend polyester is prepared using an efficient switchable catalysis, whereby mixtures of ʟ-lactide, maleic anhydride, and propene oxide are selectively enchained in one pot by a tin alkoxide; similar tin catalysts are widely used in commercial PLA production.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2021_6.txt,multiBv1,2021_6.txt,"A twinflower is thriving in the grassland of a polymer synthesis. This catalyst-free and visible light-induced step-growth polymerization method was developed by employing a photo-RAFT single unit monomer insertion reaction. A pendent cationic RAFT agent was formed in each repeat unit of the backbone, which could be used for both radical and cationic chain extensions to produce different bottlebrush polymers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_6.png,C,"A synthetic materials-guided tissue engineering approach, wherein the scaffold?s chemical and physical properties alone instruct regeneration, holds the potential to treat clinically pervasive osteochondral defects. This cover depicts use of material chemistries and fabrication techniques, including solvent-casting–particulate-leaching, freeze-drying, additive manufacturing, and electrospinning, for the development of biphasic, triphasic, or gradient scaffolds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2020_5.txt,ave_2,2020_5.txt,"The bioactive functions of urushiol, which was obtained from lacquer tree, and its first use as a primer to enhance dentin bonding by improving collagen cross-linking and antibacterial activity were confirmed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,"artially oxidized hyaluronic acid was prepared as an adjuvant of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription to treat deep soft tissue injuries. The hydrogel could improve the dosage form of the prescription as well as its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,", first fabricating frameworks of hydrogel models by stereolithography and subsequently modifying the fabricated models with hydroxyapatite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_3.png,A,The superior sensitivity and specificity of qPCR allow for the quantification of algal genera and the discovery of algae response to reservoir characteristics that traditional microscopy methods could not easily detect.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,This Special Issue entitled Wastewater Surveillance and Community Pathogen Detection presents the latest research on wastewater-based,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_2.txt,ave_2,2022_2.txt,A novel simple phenotypic antibiotic-susceptibility testing method for Escherichia coli was developed,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_5.txt,multiBv1,2022_5.txt,"This captivating cover art symbolizes the complex interplay of factors driving eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The artwork illustrates the intricate relationship among environmental variables, sediment nutrient release, and microbial communities in West Lake, revealing the critical role of submerged plants and microbial diversity in shaping nutrient dynamics. This comprehensive study sheds light on the dynamics of internal nutrient loading, providing insights crucial for effective ecosystem management and water quality preservation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_2.png,B,"Genetic code expansion (GCE) breakthroughs over the past decade have revolutionized synthetic biology, protein engineering, material science, and medicine by enabling the creation of synthetic proteins decorated with non-canonical functional groups. To fully harness the power of non-canonical amino acids and achieve precise and selective protein synthesis, developing membrane-less organelles, precisely orthogonally translating organelles (OTOs) inspired by the concept of phase separation, has been crucial. These innovative organelles confine engineered translation machinery and ensure the specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids only into target proteins, unlocking unprecedented potential in GCE applications. The cover art depicts soap bubbles to illustrate phase-separating proteins forming a membrane-less organelle microenvironment in living cells, enriched with components for orthogonal translation. Notably, yellow stars represent non-canonical amino acids, while dark orange shapes signify heterologous tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, with stop codons on the mRNA recoded for the incorporation of these non-canonical amino acids. The artwork was created by Sabrina Giofrè.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"The cover illustration depicts the diverse applications of genetic code expansion (GCE) technology. At the center, the core mechanism of GCE is represented, highlighting its role in enabling the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins. Surrounding this central image are various applications of GCE, showcasing its versatility and potential impact in fields such as synthetic biology, therapeutic development, and molecular engineering. The interconnected elements emphasize how GCE technology bridges fundamental biological processes with innovative practical applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The last several decades have seen a revolution in the rational design of self-assembled macromolecular architectures unseen in natural systems using building blocks such as DNA and proteins. This cover sets the scene as a workshop, in which complex models of self-assembled DNA and protein architectures are rationally designed. The blueprint below emphasizes the diversity of constituents in DNA and proteins that can be altered to achieve new building blocks that direct the formation of unique self-assembled structures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2021_3.txt,ave_3,2021_3.txt,"In recent decades, natural enzymes have been identified by extremophiles as bioorthogonal tools for the incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins. This special issue presents a series of papers that introduce advanced methods for the incorporation of bioactive peptides, protein scaffolds, complexes, and whole proteomes by ncAAs. By integration of various physicochemical properties from organic synthesis and biophysics, the use of ncAAs for protein production heralds a new biotechnology for the 21st century.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_1.png,C,"3D-printed optogenetic probes for wireless neuromodulation
A 3D-printing-based manufacturing approach enables facile and rapid development of optogenetic neural probes of any desired design, length and dimension. These probes can be easily assembled with a tiny Bluetooth module to allow wireless optogenetics in freely behaving animals for complex behavioral neuroscience studies.
See Parker et al.
Juhyun Lee and Jae-Woong Jeong, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), and Younghee Lee. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_12.txt,multiBv1,18_12.txt,"3D confocal image of a human colon organoid.
Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols.
See Dekkers et al.
Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt,sbert,14_7.txt,"Creating 3D models of a coastal cliff with the iPhone LiDAR sensor
The iPhone LiDAR sensor is used to generate accurate 3D representations of a coastal cliff. The LiDAR sensor allows the rapid generation of detailed 3D models giving insights into object size, volume and geometry. This enables precise measurements of the cliff erosion processes over time. See Luetzenburg et al.p3520.
Image: Gregor Luetzenburg, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Illuminating digital cells on a microscopic stage.
A detailed digital reconstruction of an animal cell receiving light cast from afar. This represents the transformation of cells from microscopy images into a form suitable for accurate optical modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Image: John Ball, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Adapted from Lauri Purhonen, Sketchfab, under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_8.txt,allv2,19_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_6.png,D,"The initial morphology of the Cu-based nanoparticle catalyst can be transformed into smaller fragmented particles, which were densely contacted to each other, during electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). This unique morphology is suggested to improve C–C coupling reaction selectively and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_41.txt,allv2,2019_41.txt,Surface wetting of ceria-supported Pt catalyst is shown to activate the fast and long-range diffusion of protons at the water/solid interface. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that wet conditions accelerate the spillover of ad-species between oxide and metal sites via an interfacial water-mediated Grotthus diffusion mechanism. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_16.txt,ave_3,2016_16.txt,"Incorporating oxophilic atoms enables modulation of binding abilities of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions on Ni surfaces, leading to the first establishment of a volcano relation between OH-binding energies and hydrogen evolution activities in alkaline medium. With the optimized binding abilities, a unique Cr-doped Ni nanohelix catalyst accelerates water dissociation and hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_49.txt,ave_2,2021_49.txt,"This paper describes the synthesis of atomically isolated Pd sites onto Cu nanoflakes to regulate the protonation of key intermediates. The Pd sites with moderate water activation capability are found to enhance the protonation of *CO at the neighboring Cu site to *COH, which is confirmed to be the rate-determining step through kinetic isotope effect studies. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,41_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_3.png,B,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_1.txt,allv2,41_1.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_3.txt,groundtruth,41_3.txt,"In mammals X-inactivation allows for dosage compensation between XX females and XY
males. ∼15% of the genes on the inactive X chromosome escape inactivation and are
expressed. On pages 348–359 in this issue, Balaton and Brown discuss recent advances
that shed light on the importance of chromatin and chromosome structure to the regulation
of these genes. The cover image shows genes making an escape from the X-chromosome.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_7.txt,ave_3,32_7.txt,"Although sexual reproduction has evolved multiple times among eukaryotes, the steps
leading to the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes are thought to be shared
between organisms as diverse as animals, plants, and fungi. By studying species where
sexual reproduction has recently evolved, researchers are now able to connect the
genetic and developmental mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination with theoretical
work and studies at the population level. On pages 350–376 of this issue, a broad
panel of experts in the field review key questions regarding the emergence of gender
and sex chromosomes. Photo credit: ©iStockphoto.com/pkujiahe",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_4.txt,ave_2,27_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_5.png,C,"Programming condensate function
An engineering approach was developed to control cellular functions via regulating the formation and physical properties of synthetic condensates. The image depicts the programmable synthetic biomolecular condensates for the modulation of transcription, plasmid partitioning and protein circuits.
See Dai et al.
Image credit: Yifan Dai, Duke University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/19_9.txt,multiBv1,19_9.txt,"Seeking small proteins
Seeking small proteins. Exploration of translation by combining de novo transcriptome assembly and ribosome profiling illuminated the existence of thousands of previously unannotated small open reading frames that encode microproteins.
See Martinez et al
IMAGE: Amy Cao. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_9.txt,sbert,16_9.txt,"Computational protein design
Development in computational tools enables the prediction of protein structures and de novo design of proteins with new features or desired functions. The cover image depicts the computational design and engineering of all-parallel and antiparallel α-helical barrel proteins with functionalizable channels.
See Albanese et al.
Image: Rokas Petrenas and Katherine Albanese, University of Bristol. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"The cover depicts structures of dynamic and native conformational exchanger (DANCER) proteins, which were computationally designed to switch between predicted conformational states. DANCERs are based on the global fold of streptococcal protein Gβ1 and contain an engineered Trp43 residue that spontaneously exchanges between sequestered and solvent-exposed states on the millisecond timescale. Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image from Adam Damry. Article, p1280",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_1.txt,allv2,13_1.txt,val
Nature Cancer,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_10.png,C,"Temporal dynamics of T cells following PD-1 blockade
Single-cell sequencing reveals temporal changes in tumor-infiltrating T cell populations before and after immune checkpoint blockade. Patients responding to treatment display accumulation of CXCL13+ precursor exhausted T cells.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zemin Zhang and Baolin Liu, Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Cross-resistance between targeted therapy and immunotherapy
Acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma confers cross-resistance to immune-checkpoint blockade by fostering a cancer cell–instructed immunoevasive tumor microenvironment. The hourglass represents the time before therapy and after relapse on therapy, and the bottleneck imposed by targeted therapy that ultimately selects for cross-resistant clones.
See Haas et al.
Image: Lisa Obenauf. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"γδ T cells as a target of checkpoint inhibition
Intratumoral PD-1+Vγ1+ cells display an exhaustion program similar to that of αβ T cells, can be derepressed by checkpoint inhibitors and are predictive of the response to anti-PD-1 in patients with melanoma, specifically those with low levels of neoantigens.
See Davies et al.
Image credit: Joe Brock, Research Illustration Manager, The Francis Crick Institute Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"Dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy
A cell-therapy platform based on dendritic cell progenitors that express immunostimulatory cytokines has shown anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma and liver cancer models in an antigen-agnostic manner.
See Ghasemi et al.
Image: Amaia Martinez-Usatorre/Michele De Palma/EPFL. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_11.txt,ave_3,5_11.txt,test
Cell Metabolism,36_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_12.png,C,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,sbert,29_2.txt,"On the cover: Aspartate metabolism in cancer. Two papers in this issue, Alkan et al.
(pp. 706–720) and Tajan et al. (pp. 721–736), show that when cytosolic glutamine is
limiting, aspartate is exported from the mitochondria to promote cell proliferation
and survival. The cover image is from the colorful mosaic tiles of the Buddhist monastery
and temple Wat Pha Sorn Kaew in Thailand and represents the funneling of aspartate
to support cell growth within the complex cancer ecosystem. Image credit: iStock/anupan001.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/28_2.txt,multiBv1,28_2.txt,"On the cover: In the human body (tree), apoptotic cells and vesicles (fallen blossoms)
are not the waste, which can release hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The H2S from apoptotic cells and vesicles can re-nourish our body, maintaining immune homeostasis.
Ou et al. reveal the unknown role of apoptosis in immune homeostasis. As the old saying goes,
“The fallen petals, in return, will transform into soil to nourish the flower in spring.”
落红不是无情物, 化作春泥更护花 (in Chinese).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_12.txt,groundtruth,36_12.txt,"On the cover: This issue's Focus on Aging includes work by Gnad et al. (pp. 56–70) revealing that adenosine has multiple positive
effects on aging through the A2B receptor. Activation of A2B signaling counteracts
the loss of muscle mass and function during aging. In addition, A2B enhances energy
expenditure and prevents age-associated loss of brown fat. Taken together, targeting
A2B has the potential to both induce healthy aging and to tackle metabolic disease.
The image depicts that high A2B levels promote youth processes in cells, thus preserving
the vitality of a young leaf. In the absence of A2B, aging processes dominate as the
leaf fades and wilts. Image by Ines Wegge-Schatz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/32_6.txt,allv2,32_6.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_12.png,D,"Non-uniform refinement of cryo-EM structures
A reconstruction algorithm called non-uniform refinement accounts for spatial variability in the rigidity and disorder of membrane proteins, yielding improved 3D structures determined from cryo-EM data, as shown here for NaV1.7, a voltage-gated sodium channel.
See Punjani et al.
Image: Ali Punjani, Haowei Zhang and David J. Fleet. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/17_1.txt,ave_3,17_1.txt,"Secondary structure detection with deep learning
The deep-learning-based tool, Emap2sec, detects protein secondary structures in intermediate-resolution cryo-EM maps, as illustrated for the archaeal 20S proteasome.
See Maddhuri Venkata Subramaniya et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and Elina Karimullina; Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/16_4.txt,allv2,16_4.txt,"Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is our choice for Method of the Year 2015 for its newfound ability to solve protein structures at near-atomic resolution. Featured is the 2.2-å cryo-EM structure of β-galactosidase as recently reported by Bartesaghi et al. ( Science  348, 1147–1151, 2015). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/13_12.txt,sbert,13_12.txt,"Integrated protein structure modeling for cryo-EM
DeepMainmast builds structures of protein complexes from cryo-electron microscopy maps. It uses deep learning to identify key atom positions in the density, which are then connected to build fragment structures. Fragments are combined into a full structure, which is refined to atomic detail.
See Terashi et al.
Image: Pranav Deep Punuru, Purdue University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,test
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.png,B,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,"The field-flow fractionation technique enables robust in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona at the surface of nanomedicine, which, in turn, can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicine. The image was created by DALL·E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,-tubulin. This structure is overlaid on a super-resolution micrograph of HeLa cells that have been labeled with a fluorescent molecular probe that enables quantitative analysis of binding of these compounds to microtubules in living cells.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2022_2.txt,ave_3,2022_2.txt,Photoactive immunofluorescence with iterative cleavage (PACIFIC) enables multiplex protein analysis with sub-cellular resolution. This technology leverages photo-cleavable antibody–fluorophore conjugates and can work with fixed cells as well as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_1.png,A,of t-HC(S)SH,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Tl+ added to birnessite in low Tl+/Mn doses triggers laminar to tunneled structure transformation via Mn(IV) reduction by water oxidation from the laminar birnessite.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_2.txt,sbert,2024_2.txt,A range of cationic hydroxylated silicon oxide species are produced and their infrared (IR) spectra are,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,ave_3,2023_8.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_3.png,D,"p450s branch out
The cover depicts a red seaweed Laurencia spp. Bacteria living on red seaweeds degrade algal cell walls made of carbohydrate polymers such as agar. Agars contain methylated sugars, which suppress degradation by bacterial enzymes. Discovery of a new class of sugar demethylating enzymes from the P450 cytochrome monooxygenase family defines a mechanism to enhance bacterial agar degradation.
Cover design by Erin Dewalt based on an image provided by Wilfried Thomas.
Image credit: Wilfried Thomas. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/14_9.txt,sbert,14_9.txt,"Programming condensate function
An engineering approach was developed to control cellular functions via regulating the formation and physical properties of synthetic condensates. The image depicts the programmable synthetic biomolecular condensates for the modulation of transcription, plasmid partitioning and protein circuits.
See Dai et al.
Image credit: Yifan Dai, Duke University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/19_9.txt,multiBv1,19_9.txt,"Microbial marionettes
Directed evolution of a set of 12 small-molecule-responsive biosensors and their integration into Escherichia coli “marionette” strains enables researchers to precisely control gene expression in bacteria, as conceptualized on the cover illustration of a bacterium being manipulated by a scientific puppeteer.
See Meyer et al.
Image: Erin Dewalt, based on a concept by Chris Voigt. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/15_11.txt,allv2,15_11.txt,"Respiration guides living materials
Graham et al. developed engineered living materials with controllable mechanic properties in response to environmental stimuli. This was achieved by programming bacteria (orange) embedded in the hydrogel matrix with genetic logic circuits to control the expression of MtrC (foreground), a membrane-associated protein that regulates the microbial respiration process.
See Graham et al. and Atkinson
Image: Ismar Miniel Mahfoud, The University of Texas at Austin; protein structure from PDB; PDB ID: 4LM8. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.png,D,"In this Review, the interplay between materials and microfluidics is examined, with the discussion focused on how recent advances in materials fabrication have expanded the frontiers of microfluidic platforms and how the new microfluidic capabilities are, in turn, furthering materials design. 
See Xu Hou et al. 2, 17016 (2017).
Image and design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_8.txt,multiBv1,2_8.txt,"Emerging materials and methods for fabricating 3D micro- and nanostructures provide powerful capabilities of relevance across diverse areas of technology. This Review highlights the latest results and future trends associated with the most powerful methods in 3D printing, folding and assembly. 
See Yihui Zhang et al. 2, 17019 (2017).
Image: John A. Rogers; Cover design: Lauren V. Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_9.txt,sbert,2_9.txt,"2D materials exhibit diverse properties and can be integrated in heterostructures: this makes them ideal platforms for quantum information science. This Review surveys recent progress and identifies future opportunities for 2D materials as quantum-dot qubits, single-photon emitters, superconducting qubits and topological quantum computing elements. See Liu & Hersam.
Cover Image: Xiaolong Liu",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_3.txt,allv2,4_3.txt,"In this Focus Issue we explore new research directions in the field of moiré materials, including results from global and local probe studies, the use of interlayer hybridization for property tuning, potential commonalities with the physics underlying strongly correlated materials, and the recent discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect. See the Editorial
Cover design: David Johnston. Cover image: Nuckolls, K.P., et al. Nature 620, 525–532 (2023).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_7.png,A,"On the cover: The image is a graphical representation of the Drosophila Protein Interaction Network 2 that was generated by expressing thousands of individual
tagged proteins and assessing their interacting partners by affinity purification
and mass spectrometry, covering more than half of the proteome. Functionally related
proteins often physically interact with each other and organize into clusters, shown
by the distinct colors. To learn more about how such network maps are a valuable resource
for predicting protein associations and assigning function for poorly studied proteins,
see Bhat et al. Image credit: Guruharsha Bhat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_7.txt,groundtruth,59_7.txt,"On the cover: The two epithelia (shown flanking the four central 3D images) are low-magnification
snapshots taken from time-lapse fluorescence imaging of Myosin-II-RFP (red) and adherens
junctions (E-Cadherin-GFP, green) in the dorsal thorax of Drosophila melanogaster. The 3D views down the middle of the image show four time points of epithelial mitosis,
from anaphase (bottom left) to cytokinesis (upper right); adherens junctions (green)
are visible throughout the tissue, while Myosin-II-RFP (red) marks the actomyosin
contractile ring of the dividing cell. For more information about the regulation of
epithelial cell tension and how it impacts on cytokinesis in vivo, see Founounou et
al. (pp. 242–255) and the two related companion papers by Herszterg et al. (pp. 256–270)
and Guillot and Lecuit (pp. 227–241).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/24_4.txt,ave_2,24_4.txt,"On the cover: A 512-member protein-protein interaction network of genes transcriptionally
regulated by the plant hormone abscisic acid (chemical structure shown at center).
Each interacting node (gene) is represented by an image of an Arabidopsis seedling, color-coded according to the gene's function. The network was created using
Cytoscape. For more on the construction and utility of this network as a tool for
the discovery of regulators and effectors of abscisic acid signaling, see Lumba et
al., pp. 360–372.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,"On the cover: The image shows AP-1A adaptor proteins working in the trans-Golgi network to coordinate clathrin-dependent basolateral sorting of cargo proteins.
For more information, see Gravotta et al., pp. 811–823. The illustration was produced
by HyukJae Henry Yoo and TianXu Tim Guo of Pratt Institute.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/22_3.txt,allv2,22_3.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_8.png,A,"Poly(methylvinyl siloxane) (PMVS) with a cysteine derivative side chain designated PMVS-Cys was prepared using anionic polymerization and an ene-thiol reaction. PMVS-Cys forms a preferred-handed helical conformation in both solution and film via hydrogen bonding. The helical structure remains during the calcination process, resulting in a silica with a helical structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Polypentenamers are a unique class of precision polyolefins derived from ROMP of low ring strain cyclopentene monomers. This Viewpoint highlights recent discoveries in controlled synthesis, properties, and unique thermoreversible polymerization behavior for these systems towards frontier applications. Image courtesy of William J. Neary and Justin G. Kennemur.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2019_12.txt,allv2,2019_12.txt,"The conformation and relaxation dynamics of local regions along the polymer chain of poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles are measured by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE), respectively. Contrast matching conditions and selective deuteration are used to highlight regions of interest and indicate that portions of the polymer chains closer to the nanoparticle surface exhibit slower dynamics and more elongated conformations than regions farther away due to differing degrees of confinement. Image courtesy of Michael J. A. Hore.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_7.txt,sbert,2018_7.txt,Poly(vinyl phosphonic acid)-based double hydrophilic block copolymers by gadolinium ions are demonstrated to be the polymer of choice in the design of highly stable MRI contrast agents. Measurement of high magnetic relaxivities in vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging on rats demonstrate the high potential of such polymeric assemblies.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2022_1.txt,multiBv1,2022_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_3.png,C,"A novel microporous platform for scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy in liquids has been developed. The platform is based on a graphene-capped ordered array of microcapsules filled with liquid analytes. High electron transparency of the graphene allows for high-resolution electron imaging and related Auger, energy-dispersive X-ray chemical mapping to be done on solid–liquid interfaces of practical importance such as water and electrolytes. Because the platform is composed of a lattice of identical microcapsules, it can be used in conjunction with powerful statistical analysis, data mining, combinatorial, and pattern recognition methods. The latter allows for the study of the complex spectrotemporal and spatiotemporal behaviors at liquid–solid interfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2017_20.txt,ave_3,2017_20.txt,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A novel microporous platform for scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy in liquids has been developed. The platform is based on a graphene-capped ordered array of microcapsules filled with liquid analytes. High electron transparency of the graphene allows for high-resolution electron imaging and related Auger, energy-dispersive X-ray chemical mapping to be done on solid–liquid interfaces of practical importance such as water and electrolytes. Because the platform is composed of a lattice of identical microcapsules, it can be used in conjunction with powerful statistical analysis, data mining, combinatorial, and pattern recognition methods. The latter allows for the study of the complex spectrotemporal and spatiotemporal behaviors at liquid–solid interfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2017_21.txt,ave_2,2017_21.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_2.png,B,"Cells soften into migration
Cells from embryonic tissues dynamically decrease their stiffness to initiate collective cell migration, a process that traditionally is associated with stiffer environments and cellular states.
See Marchant et al.
Image: Julien Marcetteau. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_2.txt,ave_2,21_2.txt,"Nuclear jamming during organ growth
Developing zebrafish retina and brain tissues undergo a nuclear jamming transition that induces crystalline-like cellular ordering, with the emergent tissue stiffness controlled by nuclear mechanics.
See Kim et al.
Image: Rana Amini and Otger Campàs, Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,"Nuclear instability in laminopathies Lamin mutations responsible for muscular dystrophy are shown to reduce nuclear envelope stability, resulting in mechanically induced nuclear envelope rupture, DNA damage and activation of DNA damage response pathways that lead to muscle cell death. Preventing nuclear envelope damage by reducing cytoskeletal forces on the nucleus improves muscle fibre health and function.
See Lammerding Article; Gonzalo News & Views
IMAGE: Tyler Kirby, Lammerding Lab, Cornell University COVER DESIGN: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/19_9.txt,ave_3,19_9.txt,"Probing the stiffness before differentiation
During mesodermal differentiation of living zebrafish embryos, individual cells probe the stiffness associated with the foam-like architecture of the tissue as a part of their mechanosensing responses.
See Mongera et al.
Image: Brian Long, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/22_12.txt,allv2,22_12.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.png,D,"Disulfide bonds, or bridges, help to stabilize and regulate the function of diverse
secretory and cell-surface proteins. On pages 485–492 of this issue, Neil J. Bulleid
and Lars Ellgaard discuss the many pathways that mammalian cells use to generate disulfide
bonds, with a focus on the regulatory role of glutathione in these processes. The
cover shows how different bridge designs have been utilized for a common purpose:
to allow Londeners to cross the Thames River. Cover image by Tara Tranguch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/36_4.txt,sbert,36_4.txt,"Maintaining the structure and function of mitochondria is crucial for eukaryotic organisms.
Consequently, mitochondrial quality control is extremely versatile, including mechanisms
acting on the molecular, organellar and cellular level. On pages 284–292 of this issue,
Osiewacz and colleagues discuss recent research that indicates that many, if not all
of these quality control mechanisms are interconnected and together form a network
of interacting pathways aimed at keeping the cellular ‘power plants’ running. The
cover image depicts a power plant (symbolizing a mitochondrion) whose functional maintenance
is dependent on different processes, such as the monitoring by a watchman (symbolizing
surveillance systems such as ROS scavenging), the reconstruction of damaged parts
by a repair vehicle (symbolizing repair mechanisms and chaperone-mediated refolding),
the destruction of heavily damaged and dysfunctional facilities by a wrecking ball
(symbolizing protein degradation and mitophagy), delivery of new parts by cargo transporters
(symbolizing the import of cytosolic components) as well as the communication with
more distal areas (symbolizing mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling). Original drawing
by Fabian Fischer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/37_6.txt,multiBv1,37_6.txt,"The illustration depicts the mitochondrion in a metabolically active state: like a
charged battery. The blue to red spectral trails represent both the mitochondrial
inner architecture and the flow of electrons. The mitochondrion is ‘leaky’, as electrons
spin off during fuel oxidation and electron transport and produce potentially deleterious
reactive oxygen species (ROS). On pages 592–602 of this issue, Harper and colleagues
describe the homeostatic systems in place to control ROS levels within the mitochondria.
Original cover artwork by Abid Javed (www.abidsbrushstrokes.com and @sunshine_6).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/38_1.txt,allv2,38_1.txt,"While certain levels of cellular oxidants can be beneficial for a cell and
activate various arms of the proteostasis network (symbolized by ‘life’ on the right
side of the cover), they can also be harmful, causing oxidative damage to both the
network and the cell (depicted as ‘destruction’ on the left side of the cover). On
pages
761–774, Drs. Agnes Ulfig and Ursula Jakob explore how the roles of cellular oxidants
are balanced within the proteostasis network. Cover image by Dr. Agnes Ulfig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.txt,groundtruth,49_4.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_4.png,C,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,"Enzyme engineering requires researchers to navigate a high-dimensional sequence–activity landscape to identify variants with the desired properties. This represents a highly challenging task, but machine learning and automation can accelerate such projects and increase the chances of success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"ChatGPT-based assistants can engage in a wide range of lab activities, assisting human researchers to expedite the discovery of MOFs and COFs. Through the integration of a multi-AI system, we demonstrate that these assistants are capable of reshaping the traditional research paradigm, heralding a future where human",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_3.png,A,"Adsorption of a molecule on a metal surface, a key initial step in surface chemical reactions: Quantum computers, faintly visible in the background, enable the modeling of strong correlation effects and complex molecule–surface interactions, surpassing the limitations of classical methods. Advanced quantum algorithms promise to revolutionize the understanding of catalytic processes, paving the way for sustainable innovations in chemistry and materials science. This image was generated using the AI platform Gemini.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The Hyperspace algorithm. Fine-tuned substructure search in real time against vast libraries with billions/trillions of synthetically accessible compounds unleashes their full potential and leads to various new workflows in drug discovery. This image further illustrates the disruptive power of generative AI. While our algorithm is ""AI-free"", this cover art is not. DALL-E2 created the image of a colorful explosion, and gpt4 generated large parts of the code to overlay the image with semi-transparent chemical structures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,"A machine learning (ML)-based methodology for predicting chemical reaction products from phase space data generated by molecular dynamics simulations is introduced. In contrast to layered ML approaches (e.g. neural nets), which can produce difficult to interpret models, this approach leverages support vector machines to train reaction product prediction models that permit mechanistic interpretation by the user. The methodology is demonstrated on both low dimensional heuristics and simulation data generated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the photodissociation of acetaldehyde.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2019_7.txt,multiBv1,2019_7.txt,"Machine learning was used to train a coupled cluster expansion of oxygen adsorbed on the (111) surface of Pt3Ni, a highly active catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).  This cluster expansion makes it possible to rapidly predict equilibrium structures and oxygen binding energies, enabling the rational design of active surfaces for the ORR.  Similar cluster expansion-based approaches have made it possible to study structure-property relationships for alloy surfaces and nanoparticles with accuracy close to that of density functional theory.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_45,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_45.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: C. M. Sanchez et al., “Hydrogen Stable Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes with Silver Carriers: Propylene and Propane Permeability and Solubility” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04886); H. Jiang et al., “Mixed-Matrix Membranes with Covalent Triazine Framework Fillers in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for CO2 Separations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04632); L.-C. Ma et al., “Gas Transport Properties of Teflon AF2400/Ceramic Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes in Dissolved-Gas-in-Oil Extraction” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06026); and T. H. Lee et al., “High-Performance Polyamide Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes Containing ZIF-8/CNT Hybrid Nanofillers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04810).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_41.txt,allv2,2020_41.txt,Superacid-catalyzed polymers with fully ladder backbones and well-defined micropores demonstrate outstanding performance for advanced membrane gas separations. The micropore architecture and gas separation are regulated through the steric hindrance imposed by the different side groups on chain packing density and rigidity.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_45.txt,groundtruth,2024_45.txt,This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_19.txt,sbert,2022_19.txt,"The present research provided excellent dispersion of a thin film composite membrane with high power density, excellent long-term performance stability, and good mechanical durability for salinity gradient energy generation. Sulfonated polymers and graphene nanosheets provide an essential platform for the development cost-effective and high performance renewable energy generation systems.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_38.txt,multiBv1,2023_38.txt,test
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.png,C,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,allv2,2024_12.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Bioavailable gingerol formulation (Ginactiv) was prepared by cutting-edge Polar-Nonpolar Sandwich (PNS) technology with a full spectrum of ginger matrix (FSGM). Ginactiv can be utilized as a natural dietary supplement for supporting gastrointestinal and gut health improvement and to maintain the,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,sbert,2021_6.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_8.png,A,"Crystal structure solution methods powered by recent advancements in machine learning reveal the structures of compounds that were previously unsolved. Crystalyze, a model for solving structures from powder X-ray diffraction, has discovered several materials and promises to serve as a generalizable tool for materials discovery under a wide range of conditions. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"AI artwork (created with Imagine) representing the entrance of machine learning (ML) in the field of laser synthesis of copper nanocrystals. ML was able to unravel cross-correlations between experimental features and predict the oxidation state of the metal in the final products, guiding the experiments toward the maximization of the compounds in greatest demand for integration in sustainable processes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,Crystal engineering principles are employed successfully to design mechanically flexible single crystals by introducing active slip planes in structures via supramolecular shape synthons. These crystals are extremely bendable to the extent that they are able to contort into different alphabetical characters. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_11.txt,multiBv1,2016_11.txt,"Depicted is a two-dimensional representation of coordination environments in crystal structures that a deep neural network has organized by similarity. This organization is a result of training the network to identify sets of chemical elements likely to adopt specific topologies. Each point represents a topology, and colors indicate broad chemical categories. See Ryan, Lengyel, and Shatruk. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03913. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_20.txt,allv2,2018_20.txt,val
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.png,D,"In this issue:
This issue explores the many aspects of dentistry which require well researched evidence in order to support the day to day decisions made in dental practice.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,ave_3,24_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,allv2,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry focusses entirely on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry. The importance of this topic cannot be overstressed given that almost 10% of antibiotic prescriptions are issued by dentists and antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to global public health.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,23_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_7.png,A,"Laser patterning of liquid-crystal elastomers
Lack of local phase patterning in liquid-crystal elastomers has hindered their broad implementation. The authors report a laser-induced dynamic crosslinking approach with allyl sulfide groups to achieve reconfigurable high-resolution patterning of multiple liquid crystalline phases in a single film.
See Choi et al.
Image: Seok Hwan Choi, Seoul National University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_7.txt,groundtruth,23_7.txt,"3D nanomaterial crystals with DNA frames
Prompted by advances in the programmability of DNA nanostructures and their hybridization, the complexity of nanomaterial lattices guided by DNA continues to increase.
See Editorial; See Jiang et al.; See Lewis et al.; See Liu et al.; See Gang et al.; See Linko et al.; See Yao et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Oleg Gang (Columbia/BNL). Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/19_6.txt,multiBv1,19_6.txt,"Nanoscale environments created by topological defects in liquid crystals can serve as a template for the self-assembly of molecular amphiphiles within the defects.
Article p106; News & Views p10
IMAGE: NICHOLAS ABBOTT GROUP
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_12.txt,sbert,15_12.txt,"Shape-morphing elastomers
Elastomer sheets with programmable air channel organization swiftly shape into complex three-dimensional structures upon the application of pressure.
See Roman et al. and Efrati News & Views
Image: Emmanuel Siefert, PMMH, CNRS/EPSCI-PSL/SorbonneU./U.Diderot. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_12.txt,allv2,18_12.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_4.png,A,L-Glutamic acid acts as molecular glue connecting αlanine units to produce fluorescent poly-Glu-Ala. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The synthesis of end-functionalized polymers based  on the strong organic acid-catalyzed group transfer polymerization (GTP) method  has been studied using functional initiators and terminators. The α-hydroxyl-, α-ethynyl-, α-vinyl-, and α-norbornenyl-functionalized  poly(n-butyl acrylate)s  (PnBAs) were synthesized by the N-(trimethylsilyl)bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide  (Me3SiNTf2)-catalyzed GTP of n-butyl acrylate (nBA)  using functional initiators (FIs) of triisopropylsilyl ketene acetals with the  respective functional groups as initiation approach and the ω-ethynyl, ω-vinyl-, ω-hydroxyl-, and ω-bromo-functionalized PnBAs using functional terminators (FTs) of 2-phenyl acrylates with the respective functional groups as termination approach. In  addition, the α,ω-diethynyl-, α,ω-dihydroxyl-, and α-hydroxyl,ω-ethynyl-functionalized  PnBAs were synthesized by the GTP of nBA initiated by FIs and subsequently  terminated by FTs. The obtained polyacrylates possessing the end-functional groups should be utilized as building blocks for constructing macromolecular  architectures, such as block, cyclic, star-shaped, and dendritic polymers. See  Takada, K.; Fuchise, K.; Kubota, N.; Ito, T.; Chen, Y.; Satoh, T.; Kakuchi, T. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 5514– 5525. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_8.txt,ave_2,2014_8.txt,Ring-opening polymerization of γ-(4-vinylbenzyl)-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride for the synthesis of polypeptides with pendant vinyl groups that are subject to versatile vinyl chemistries for the preparation of polypeptide materials containing various pendant functional groups or moieties. See page 6237.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_9.txt,multiBv1,2011_9.txt,"Selective protein conjugation of polymers with tunable composition, molar mass, and topology for activity preservation and half-life extension. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,test
Nature Chemical Engineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.png,A,"Nanoisland nests for cluster catalysis
Stabilizing noble metal cluster catalysts presents a formidable roadblock to harnessing their high atom efficiency and size-dependent properties for industrial reactions. Now, Bruce Gates, Jingyue Liu, Xu Li, Jie Zeng and co-workers report on a strategy for confining few-atom platinum clusters on cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoislands that are stably dispersed on a commercial high-area porous silica support. These ensembles work as nanoreactors, wherein the platinum clusters remain confined even under harsh hydrogenation reaction conditions. The cover image shows an illustrative render of these nanoreactors, with the platinum clusters confined to isolated nanoisland nests.
See Chen et al.
Image: Yizhen Chen, University of California, Davis, and Xu Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_2,1_9.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_5.png,B,"On the Cover: The cover portrays the CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystal emitters synthesized by Heo et al. via a hydrogen-halide-mediated
anionic exchange method. The materials display high color purity and compositional
uniformity over the full color spectrum. Cover sketched by Sang Hyuk Im.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_4.txt,ave_1,1_4.txt,"On the cover: Tsikriteas et al. present the development and comparison of various lead-free piezoelectric inks for
wearable technology. The printed systems exhibit excellent printability and strong
adhesion. The cover image highlights the integration of these systems into practical
real-world applications, showcasing their enhanced piezoelectric performance and advancements
towards more sustainable solutions in wearable tech. The cover design was created
by Ehsan Faridi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Ng et al. demonstrate a self-driving digital twin that is designed to automatically improve
the performance of roll-to-roll printed solar cells using high-throughput, closed-loop
techniques driven by machine learning. This month's cover depicts a robotics-controlled,
high-throughput roll-to-roll printer that prints out solar cells, much like what has
been demonstrated in the paper. The cover was designed by Leonard Ng Wei Tat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_7.txt,multiBv1,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Fei et al. report a halftoning grayscale 3D printing strategy that enables
the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) through any commercial projection
SLA 3D printer. This universal fabrication strategy may open a new window for engineers
and scientists to explore complex and multifunctional graded materials. The cover
image depicts the 3D-printed FGM (center: X-ray CT image of the 3D-printed hollow
cube) and some potential applications (top: catalyst support, left: sound-absorbing
micro lattice, right: biomedical implant). Image credit: Guanghai Fei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_9.png,D,"Women's perspectives on fuel choice
It is assumed that women prefer clean cooking fuels due to the associated health benefits, but adoption is limited by fuel costs. Through qualitative analysis of focus group discussions, Malakar and Day find that women who use liquefied petroleum gas for cooking and those who use firewood both believe their cooking fuel supports their well-being in different ways, thus suggesting more complex trade-offs.
See Malakar et al.
Image: Yuwan Malakar, CSIRO Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"Fire without smoke
In 2016, the Government of India launched a massive subsidies and small loans program to promote replacement of unclean fuels with liquefied petroleum gas. Analysing gas sales data, Kar et al. find that the program succeeded in creating rapid initial uptake but more work will be needed for rural consumers to fully transition away from the use of solid fuels.
See Kar et al.
Image: Umesh Negi / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_4.txt,allv2,4_4.txt,"Fuel for the future
Our energy systems are undergoing large-scale changes as we try to overcome many societal and environmental challenges. Doing this successfully requires the efforts of many different researchers across a range of technologies and systems, each of which faces their own issues and concerns for the future.
See Armstrong et al. 1, 15020 (2016).
IMAGE:  poliki/iStock/ThinkstockCOVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_12.txt,multiBv1,1_12.txt,"Clean cooking transition experiences
Adapting to cleaner cooking fuels from more polluting options may be experienced differently by different groups across various stages of the energy transition. Kar et al. analyse survey data on household-level energy use in Ghana as the country shifts towards cleaner cooking fuels. Given wide heterogeneity, they propose a stage-based framework to support policy interventions.
See Kar et al.
Image: Kypros / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.png,A,This cover image shows that a phosphino-phenolate nickel catalyst affords ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) from ethylene polymerization. The cobbles on the beach implies the capability of this precipitation polymerization strategy to afford polymer products with good morphology control.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"Pyrolysis-free M–N–C catalysts enable bottom-up molecular design and precise active site construction, which allows one to ""precisely manufacture"" M–N–C catalysts in a similar manner and process as machining mechanical parts from mechanical drawings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"fabrication by oxidizing the peroxymonosulfate at the interlayer of Mn SSCs and reducing dissolved oxygen on the surface of the Mn SSCs, which displays an excellent sulfamethoxazole elimination performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_8.txt,multiBv1,2023_8.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_9.png,A,"Disentangling channel-gating mechanisms
Kalienkova et al. report high-resolution structures of an FMRFamide-gated sodium channel in several functional states. This disentangles the molecular basis by which different invertebrate receptors recognize similar neuropeptides and paves the way for studies of channel gating and ion conduction among the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel superfamily.
See Kalienkova et al.
IMAGE CREDIT: Alexandre Jan, University of Bergen. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"Curare stabilizes desensitized nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Cryo-EM structures reveal how the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is desensitized in response to an agonist, and how the arrow poison curare, extracted from Strychnos toxifera (pictured) and other plants, antagonizes the channel by stabilizing the desensitized state.
See Rahman et al.
Image: Florilegius / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/29_9.txt,sbert,29_9.txt,"TRP channels feel the heat
Cryo-EM structures of the sensory ion channels TRPV1 and TRPV3 at different temperatures reveal mechanistic principles of heat-dependent gating.
See Kwon et al. and Nadezhdin, Neuberger et al.
Image: Felipe Jansen / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_6.txt,multiBv1,28_6.txt,"Otopetrin proton channel structures
Otopetrins are proton channels and candidate sour-taste sensors. Cryo-EM, functional and computational analyses reveal the architecture of zebrafish Otop1 and chicken Otop3, as well as potential paths for proton conduction.
See Saotome et al.
Image: cover art by Erin Dewalt, based on Otop1 immunohistochemistry image of circumvallate papillae from mouse tongue, by Emily Liman and Yu-Hsiang Tu. Original image modified using Adobe Photoshop.Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_7.txt,allv2,26_7.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.png,B,"Sc4O2@C80 with mixed-valence state of Sc atoms and metal-based frontier orbitals exhibits unique electrochemical behavior: both reduction and oxidation are localized on the Sc4O2 cluster. The endohedral nature of redox reactions is proved by hyperfine structure with large 45Sc coupling constants observed in ESR spectra of the anion and cation radicals. See Popov and co-workers, p 19607.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_4.txt,sbert,2012_4.txt,"Through massive molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the fluorine domain endows fluorinated ionic liquids ultrahigh solubility of nitrogen. Meanwhile, a theoretical model of fluorine densification energy was also constructed to predict the abnormal solubility of nitrogen based on the microscopic structure of fluorinated ionic liquids.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Incorporating oxophilic atoms enables modulation of binding abilities of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions on Ni surfaces, leading to the first establishment of a volcano relation between OH-binding energies and hydrogen evolution activities in alkaline medium. With the optimized binding abilities, a unique Cr-doped Ni nanohelix catalyst accelerates water dissociation and hydrogen evolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_49.txt,multiBv1,2021_49.txt,"Large ionic water clusters are trapped within porous metal—organic frameworks, where they undergo a proton/ion-exchange and reversible dehydration/rehydration process. This observation provides valuable insights into the high mobility and transportation of the aqueous proton pertaining to large protonated water clusters in the condensed phase. See Duan and co-workers, p 3321.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_42.txt,allv2,2010_42.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_2.png,D,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"Biomolecular binding kinetics including the association and dissociation rates play a crucial role in therapeutic design. However, accurate prediction of the kinetic rates poses a significant challenge for molecular modeling. Here, we highlight recent remarkable advances in computational modeling of biomolecular binding kinetics and provide outlook for future developments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_17.txt,ave_3,2023_17.txt,"electrolyte interfaces, providing a fast and powerful complementary approach to constant potential molecular dynamics simulations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_15.txt,ave_2,2023_15.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.png,C,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,groundtruth,2023_2.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_2.png,A,"Nanoconjugates, including 5-FU-PVP and 5-FU-PVP-Au, were synthesized and later functionalized with gold nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic applications. These nanoconjugates exhibited high drug-loading efficiencies, prolonged drug release, and effective hen egg white lysozyme aggregation inhibition. In an Alzheimer’s Drosophila model, 5-FU-PVP demonstrated superior amyloid aggregation inhibition compared to a bare drug, showcasing potential anti-Alzheimer’s activity. The image was created with the assistance of OpenAI's ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,allv2,2020_3.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_4.txt,ave_3,2020_4.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_1.png,B,"Research on pollinator cognition usually focuses on a single reward
aspect in isolation. However, this does not reflect the complexity of reward types
that
pollinators encounter while foraging, as demonstrated by the Sonoran bumblebee,
Bombus sonorus collecting nectar, a complex mix of chemicals, from mealy sage
Salvia farinacea. On pages 1047–1058, Claire Hemingway and colleagues discuss
how reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition and demonstrate the need to
consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant–pollinator interactions.
Photo credit: Alexander Wild.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.txt,ave_2,39_2.txt,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.txt,allv2,40_2.txt,"On pages 1049–1052, Bea Maas and colleagues discuss how to transform mass production
of tropical agroforestry cash crops to meet higher socio-ecological standards. Achieving
this would provide novel opportunities to protect both ecosystem services and human
health and well-being. The cover image shows a highly diverse cacao agroforestry system
in Cusco, Peru (chuncho cacao), where the cacao is intercropped with banana and shade
trees. There is also maize combined with papaya and cassava with pigeon pea at the
bottom of the image and relict forest interspersed with crop fields on the hill. Photo:
Evert Thomas",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/35_1.txt,ave_3,35_1.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.png,B,"‘Astrocytes and neurodegeneration’, inspired by the Review on p23.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_12.txt,multiBv1,24_12.txt,"‘SARS-CoV-2 and the brain’, inspired by the Review on p30.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"‘The runaway brain’ inspired by the Review on p346
Cover Design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_7.txt,sbert,20_7.txt,"‘Viral tools’ inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,val
Matter,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/8_1.png,B,"On the cover: This month’s cover pays homage to the organic mixed ionic/electronic
conductor, a polymeric bioelectronic material that facilitates electronic and ionic
charge transport to enable devices that enhance the interface between microelectronics
and biological systems. Image credit: Jonathan Rivnay (p. 3132).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_3.txt,ave_2,6_3.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"On the Cover: In this issue of Matter, Gonzalez et al. (742–758) develop multifunctional protective materials for military
and other personnel. Using a non-woven fabric, this material overcomes some of the
traditional trade-offs between mechanical performance and heat transfer to give both
ballistic and thermal protection.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_2.txt,allv2,8_2.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.png,C,Thio ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as an extraordinary electrocatalyst enhanced the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia due to the regulated electronic structure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,"The first Pd-catalyzed stereospecific C-glycosylation of reversed anomeric stannanes yields non-classical aryl and vinyl C-glycosides in good to excellent yields with exclusive stereocontrol, distinguishing this method as the current state-of-the-art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,"A proline-catalyzed aldol condensation of a glycine Schiff base was developed for the synthesis of α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives. The synthesized α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives could be incorporated into peptides not only at the C-terminal but also at the N-terminal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The descriptor developed in this work allows quantitative identification of the adsorption energy differences between C=C and C=O in the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_4.txt,sbert,2023_4.txt,val
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_4.png,C,a potent and selective phosphopeptide inhibitor of the SOCS1-SH2 domain that blocks the recognition and ubiquitination of substrates mediated via the SOCS1-box Cullin5-RING ligase complex.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,"A fluorosulfate inhibitor of the mRNA decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS covalently targets a non-catalytic serine residue in the binding site. Image Credit: Lyn Jones, Jeff Ward, iconfinder.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_5.txt,ave_3,2017_5.txt,"Protein abnormal S-palmitoylation is associated with a variety of diseases, but rare effective S-palmitoylation inhibitors have been reported. Targeting the PATs and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Paradoxically, cancers overexpress the pro-apoptotic protein, procaspase-3. Recent evidence has begun elucidating the reasons behind this overexpression, justifying procaspase-3 activators as a possible selective anticancer therapy. PAC-1, a procaspase activator, is pictured here.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2019_2.txt,multiBv1,2019_2.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2025_2.png,C,This graphic illustrates the importance of photocatalysis to tackle clean energy and environmental problems for establishing a balance that sustains life on earth. Perovskite oxide-based photocatalysts have shown promising potential and their horizon is not far off.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_8.txt,allv2,2020_8.txt,The electronic structure and oxygen reduction activity of Fe sites in heterogenous Fe-phthalocyanine-based catalysts have been tuned by the terminal ligands with electron-withdrawing and donating functional groups.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_13.txt,multiBv1,2022_13.txt,The catalytic activity of LaCoO3 perovskite toward toluene oxidation can be improved by A-site defects regulation and the Rs is closely associated with the O p-band center.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"CO2 splitting is catalyzed on the double La2NiFeO6 perovskite by a synergistic effect of the binary Ni–Fe site. Ni sites facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies, H atom adsorption, and lattice oxygen mobility, while Fe sites destabilize the undesired carbonate formation to boost CO2 splitting.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_6.txt,sbert,2021_6.txt,train
Science Advances,11_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_3.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Black chert taken from a vertical vein below a 3.5-billion-year-old (Ga) seafloor vent system. Working with chert samples from the North Pole Dome area of the Pilbara Craton, Australia, Rasmussen and Muhling found that some of the carbon in the veins of the chert are comprised of organic compounds formed through abiotic or nonliving processes. They suggest that these processes may have impacted the chemistry of the early ocean and atmosphere. The study could serve to further unveil the emergence and early evolution of life. Credit: Larry Geddis/Alamy",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_5.txt,ave_2,9_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Geological formations known as karst pinnacles in Nambung National Park, Australia. Thousands of pinnacles up to 5 meters high dot the landscape and are formed by karstification, where acidic water weathers limestone leaving behind resistant rock columns exposed by erosion. Lipar et al. used (U-Th)/He dating on the iron-rich ferricrete nodules to determine when heavy weathering and erosion shaped the rocks. Their ages corresponded to the wettest interglacial period in the region over the last 500,000 years. This dating method provides direct evidence for the time of karstification, highlighting the method’s potential to reconstruct past climate conditions across the globe. Credit: Matej Lipar",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_40.txt,allv2,10_40.txt,"ONLINE COVER Two researchers exploring Herbstlabyrinth Cave, Germany. Located 70 km from the Laacher See volcano, Herbstlabyrinth Cave sits within the main fallout area of the Laacher See Eruption (LSE) event that occurred around 13,000 years ago. Using mineral deposits from the cave, Warken et al. developed a precise chronology of volcanic sulfur spikes and were able to link the LSE to a previously unidentified sulphate spike in the Greenland ice core record. This synchronized calendar shows the LSE was not a cause of the Younger Dryas (YD) climate cooling event that occurred 150 years later. Credit: Georg Taffet and SAH (Speläologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Hessen e.V.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_3.txt,groundtruth,11_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Neskowin Ghost Forest and Proposal Rock on the Oregon coast. Offshore, a newly discovered seep named Pythia’s Oasis is venting fluid up from beneath the seafloor. Philip et al. determined that the fluids’ source is located off the central Oregon coast where the oceanic plate pushes beneath, or subducts, the continental plate. The rate of seep is higher than elsewhere in the Cascadia Subduction Zone and is likely driven by extreme pressure along the plate boundary. This site provides additional evidence for the link between overpressures along the boundary and rock movement on either side of the fault. Credit: Larry Geddis/Alamy",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_4.txt,sbert,9_4.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_8.png,A,"Everything in the world has two sides. Surface engineering of 2D BP can not only show highly durable nanophotonic devices, including optics, optoelectronics, and photocatalysis, but is also capable of constructing excellent biodegradable delivery nanoplatforms in biophotonics, such as photo-assisted cancer therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Developing state-of-the-art colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, characterized by exceptional optoelectronic properties and precise processability, hinges on acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the nanocrystals' surface characteristics. The significance of unraveling the chemistry governing the facets in nanocrystals to reach the pinnacle of property design can be likened to the actor's compelling stage presence when the curtain lifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,"Light-mediated chemical processes are of interest for both chiral sensing and separation but often suffer from low efficiency. Nanophotonic platforms offer an opportunity to increase the efficacy of such methods, with an eye toward industrial processes and disease detection. Cover art by John Abendroth. See article by Jennifer A. Dionne and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00460).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_10.txt,multiBv1,2020_10.txt,"Light conversion nanomaterials that can be wirelessly activated by external fields, such as X-rays or near-infrared light, have the potential to be used for phototherapy in deep tissues. In this Account, the development and current challenges of these nanomaterials are discussed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_15.txt,allv2,2023_15.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_1.png,A,"How the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio influences atherosclerosis
Murcy et al. show that increasing the plasma ratio of glutamine to glutamate in a mouse model of atherosclerosis can distally reprogram transcriptional and post-transcriptional remodeling of the aorta by GLS2-dependent hepatic glutaminolysis.
See Murcy et al.
Image: Aude Laurent (Ododo) - Motion design / Art direction / Video editing / illustration *FREELANCE*. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"Breakdown of T cell tolerance checkpoints in atherosclerosis
Wang, Zhang, Lu et al. (this issue) and Depuydt, Schaftenaar et al. (previous issue) show that atherosclerosis is a bona fide T cell autoimmune disease.
See Wang et al.
Image: Xinger Wu; cover concept: Z. Wang, X. Zhang and C. Yin. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"Ventricular arrhythmia after cardiac infarction
By combining prospective clinical and mechanistic computational studies, Sung et al. show that the fat that infiltrates the post-myocardial infarction scar is a dominant factor in eliciting infarct-related ventricular arrhythmia.
See Sung et al.
Image: Eric Sung, Johns Hopkins University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_3.txt,sbert,1_3.txt,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,val
Immunity,57_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_4.png,D,"On the cover: Cerebral interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutières’ Syndrome stem
from chronic activation of the type I interferon response within the central nervous
system, but the mediators of neurotoxicity are poorly defined. Viengkhou et al. identify the cerebral microvasculature as a critical transducer of interferon toxicity
within the brain. Deletion of the type I interferon receptor, IFNAR1, on endothelial
cells not only rescued cerebral vascular disease and restored blood-brain barrier
integrity but also prevented the development of diffuse brain disease, including neurodegeneration.
The devastating neurological changes mediated through cytokine-driven microvascular
disease are depicted as a leaf, full of tiny, delicate microvasculature networks reminiscent
of the human brain, changing from green to autumnal brown. Image by Ben Gartland,
Grant Foster, and Holly Philip.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_6.txt,multiBv1,57_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sattiraju et al. (pages 1825–1843) report a dynamic spatio-temporal
patterning of tumor-associated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells in hypoxic niches
of glioblastoma that parallels hypoxic-zone maturation to pseudopalisades. As tumor
vessels transition from an initial dense regular network to later scant engorged vasculature,
CD68+ TAMs shift away from perivascular regions to poorly vascularized areas. This sequestration
is dependent on the immunocompetence of the host, interleukin-1β, and the chemokine
CCL8 at hypoxic niches. This distribution, as seen using immunofluorescence, is depicted
with hypoxic zones with immune cells (yellow) sequestered by surrounding hypoxic tumor
cells (blue). While immune cells outside hypoxic zones (blurred) are active in mounting
anti-tumor responses and sculpting tumor architecture, immune cells in hypoxic niches
are entrapped and reprogrammed for immunosuppression to benefit hard-to-eradicate
tumor cells that drive glioblastoma recurrence. Illustration and imaging by Anirudh
Sattiraju.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/56_5.txt,ave_3,56_5.txt,"On the cover: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs) are associated with various neurological
disorders. In this issue, Lan et al. examine the plasticity and fate of DAMs during brain injury and recovery in juvenile
and neonatal mice and find that in the neonatal stroke models, DAM-like microglia
regained a homeostatic signature and integrated into the microglial network after
recovery but remained sensitized to subsequent immune challenges. Some microglia remain
within the core injury region, perishing alongside the damaged cells. However, other
microglia escape the infarct core, migrating away from the injury region and regaining
homeostatic features, akin to soaring butterflies rising from the ashes. Image created
by Zhong Wei and Yangning Lan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_11.txt,allv2,57_11.txt,"On the cover: Stroke leads to persistently high risk for recurrent vascular events
caused by systemic atheroprogression driven by endothelial cell activation. In this
issue, Liu et al. report that stroke causes persistent activation of endothelial Notch1 signaling in
the periphery. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1 ligands induce a senescent, pro-inflammatory
endothelium that drives post-stroke atheroprogression. Brain-derived exosomal Notch1
ligands are illustrated in the form of falling rocks from the top of a mountain (brain)
and atheroprogression, and the associated blood traffic congestion is depicted as
vehicles accumulating behind the block in the road. Cover image by Mingming Liu and
Qiang Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_4.txt,groundtruth,57_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.png,D,"The development of model organisms such as zebrafish and worms progresses from a single cell to the formation of defined tissues and organs. A collection of Commentary, Perspective and Review articles in this issue describe new advances in exploiting the intersection between developmental processes and chemical biology. The cover image depicts the fate mapping of cellular lineages using different fluorescent dyes in a zebrafish embryo (top, colored in red), a Caenorhabditis elegans embryo (middle, colored in brown) and a mouse embryo (bottom, colored in green) at four distinct stages. The stem cells isolated from the mouse blastocyst are cultured and differentiated into neurons. Cover art by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_7.txt,multiBv1,13_7.txt,"Phasing in physicochemical features
Phase transitions give rise to macromolecular assemblies at a distinct physical scale, encoding functions that surpass those of their individual molecular constituents. This image illustrates the emerging electrochemistry of biomolecular condensates.
See Wang et al.
Image: Hualin Ou and Yifan Dai, Washington University in St. Louis. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,"Diversity in the function of nucleic acids, proteins and other biological macromolecules is due in large part to the chemical modifications that they undergo during their biosynthesis and as they take part in their biological functions. The collection of pieces in this themed issue highlights the structural and functional importance of several post-translational modifications of proteins, as well as chemical modifications of nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The cover image depicts a subset of the myriad chemical modifications explored in this issue as pattern pieces that are used to tailor biological macromolecules. Cover art by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/14_10.txt,ave_1,14_10.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,train
Joule,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_10.png,B,"On the Cover: Depicted is the image of tandem solar cells composed of silicon and
perovskites walking toward the Parthenon. This represents the conclusions of our cost-analysis
study featured in this issue of Joule, showing that perovskite-based tandem solar cells have promise in early commercial
considerations. Cover art by Pang Bo, Beijing Technology and Business University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"On the cover: This graphic illustrates the advantages of luminescent solar concentrators,
particularly their flexibility and ability to alter the solar spectrum. The work by
Baikie et al. outlines their real-world potential and identifies the niches in which they may outperform
conventional solar cells. Cover credit: Tomi K. Baikie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"On the Cover: The energetic landscape of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells influences
all of the fundamental processes that take place in the device active layer. However,
the challenges of accurately mapping this landscape led to the common use of estimated
energy level diagrams for interpretation of device physics. In their work, Lami et
al. (pp. 2513–2534) report on a newly developed spectroscopic technique that allows
the measurement and visualization of the energetic landscape within organic photovoltaic
devices with a nanometer vertical resolution. This powerful method, termed “ultraviolet
photoemission spectroscopy depth profiling,” can be applied to active layers of devices
based on any organic system and at any point in the device lifetime. Cover art by
Alexander Pisarevsky.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"On the Cover: Aside from conversion of sunlight to electricity, all solar cells generate
and dissipate heat, thereby increasing the module temperature. This can increase the
module and system cost by lowering its electrical output and shortening the module
lifetime. From the cost perspective, once the power conversion efficiency is approaching
a practical upper limit, work on the control and mitigation of the module temperature
can be equally or even more significant than costly marginal gains in power conversion
efficiency. Cover art by Ivan Gromicho. Scientific Illustrator, Research Communication
and Publication Services, Office of the Vice President for Research, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_10.txt,multiBv1,5_10.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_3.png,D,"On the cover: Image of a microwell subarrays with organoids. In this issue, Sockell
et al. (p. 764–776) describe a microwell platform for phenotypic profiling of organoids
at single-cell/organoid resolution. Various phenotypic traits such as growth rate
and movement as well as apical-basal polarity have been profiled. Coupled with the
mechanism for physical organoid retrieval and single-organoid sequencing, the microwell
platform enables genotype-phenotype matching of phenotype-of-interest. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_4.txt,allv2,14_4.txt,"On the cover: A global network of pairwise genetic interaction profile similarities
visualized using Cytoscape. Colors highlight prominent and coherent clusters enriched
for different GO terms. In this issue of Cell Systems, Heigwer et al. (p. 346–362) report a global network of profile similarities to understand
complex gene regulatory networks. The authors generate synthetic genetic interaction
and cell morphology profiles of more than 6,800 genes in cultured Drosophila cells and use the resulting map for machine-learning-based gene function discovery,
enabling uncovering mechanisms underlying genetic interactions at the single-cell
level.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_8.txt,sbert,14_8.txt,"On the cover: Image of a breast cancer tissue sample overlaid with visual representations
of spatially interacting patterns of tumor and immune activity obtained through latent
space factorization of 10X Visium spatial transcriptomics. In this issue of Cell Systems, Deshpande et al. (p. 285–301) introduce SpaceMarkers, an algorithm that identifies
regions of interaction between tumor and immune patterns and detects molecular changes
associated with tumor-immune interaction in spatial transcriptomics data.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_9.txt,multiBv1,14_9.txt,"On the cover: Clustering and cell type annotation results of Stereo-seq soybean root
data using raw data with added noise and data denoised using SpotGF. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Du et al. introduce SpotGF, a method for denoising spatially resolved transcriptomics data
via an optimal transport-based gene filtering algorithm. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_3.txt,groundtruth,15_3.txt,train
iScience,27_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_2.png,B,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the interconnectedness of the elements affected
during urban ecosystem rehabilitation plans: the health of the environment and all
living beings, urban architecture, and human psychological perception. In the foreground,
the head symbolizes a “green city” built upon scientific foundations, with intertwined
natural and architectural elements, idealizing a balanced system where micro- and
macrobiomes healthily coexist. In the mirror reflection, invasive species, pathogens,
and pests highlight the challenges that need to be scientifically monitored to prevent
them from becoming negative aspects of the green transition toward the cities of tomorrow.
This vision is the core of the perspective by Bruno et al., providing an evidence-based urban rehabilitation framework. Image credit: Giulia
Ghisleni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_2.txt,groundtruth,27_2.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,sbert,27_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates fruit flies, bacteria, and a knot in hexagons
in traditional Japanese taste. These Kikko patterns (turtle shell) are typical signatures
of health and longevity in Japan. The study by Yamauchi et al. (2020) shows a hidden
host-microbe interaction involved in age-related pathology of the animals via purine
metabolites. Artwork by Yoriko A-. Tokita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_9.png,C,"Signaling networks have gained an increasing relevance to drug design and the development
of novel artificial intelligence technologies. Neuronal learning processes and their
molecular mechanisms have been described in the past decades; however, learning mechanisms
of signaling networks have not been generally described yet. On pages 284–294 of this
issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Csermely et al. describe molecular mechanisms of signaling networks (including conformational memory
and protein translocation, as well as microRNAs and chromatin reorganization, providing
fast and robust learning, respectively) and show that they correspond to a generalized
Hebbian learning process of single, non-neuronal cells. Cover image designed by Balázs
Baksa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_9.txt,multiBv1,45_9.txt,"No longer considered as merely cellular recycling centres, a growing body of evidence
now supports the idea that lysosomes engage with the nucleus and communicate through
physical proximity and functional interactions. Adapting to external and internal
stimuli, lysosomes shuffle between peripheral and perinuclear regions to modulate
lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathways. On pages 978–991 of this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Zhao et al. review recent advances in the field of lysosome-to-nucleus communication and discuss
how these interactions mediate cellular signaling and transcriptional networks. Cover
image: Alps Xia",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_2.txt,sbert,45_2.txt,"The ancient oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling system has garnered
significant attention for its broad implications to health and disease. Particularly
within the central nervous system, its role in modulating social behavior presents
a
compelling avenue for exploration. On pages 361–377 in this issue, Perisic et al. offer a
comprehensive review of OT-VP signaling system encompassing recent advancements
and enduring obstacles. Their analysis sheds a light on the evolving landscape of
this
protein family, offering valuable insights into future directions for research. Cover
image
by Monika Perisic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_9.txt,groundtruth,49_9.txt,"Hypoxia develops when cellular or organismal demands for oxygen
exceed the oxygen supply, such as when at high altitudes. In the last few decades,
it has become apparent that sensing and responding to oxygen levels is important
for mammalian, and other multicellular organisms, physiology and pathology. In their
Opinion on pages 573–582, Dr. Ortmann and Profs. Taylor and Rocha share what
avenues of research they feel are the next pressing needs for the hypoxia community
to
address. Cover from GettyImages/Malte Mueller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_6.txt,allv2,49_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_1.png,C,"The cover art depicts highly exothermic intermetallic formation reactions proceeding from Ni/Al nanocomposites. Our research investigates reaction rates and dynamics of differing nanocomposite structures, using a molecular dynamics approach. These simulations reveal that structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces can substantially exceed singly periodic Ni/Al nanolaminates of comparable scale in reactivity. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2023_35.txt,ave_3,2023_35.txt,"Low dimensional materials such as boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) and hexagonal-BN (hBN) are superb one-dimensional (1D) and 2D thermal conductors, which have profound impacts on thermal management of technologically important materials. Bringing and controlling such thermal conductivity into 3D is a highly desired engineering feature.  The cover graphic depicts a new class of 3D materials, pillared boron nitride (PBN), that is made of covalent connections of BNNT as columns and h-BN sheets as floors. Fundamental understanding of phonon scattering in PBN can potentially open up new opportunities for knowledge-based engineering of thermo-mutable properties of PBN and other hybrid 3D nanomaterials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2015_19.txt,allv2,2015_19.txt,Hexagonal boron nitride spontaneously formed at the interface between a molten nickel–boron solution and dinitrogen gas in a ReaxFF simulation at 1800 K.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover art depicts highly exothermic intermetallic formation reactions proceeding from Ni/Al nanocomposites. Our research investigates reaction rates and dynamics of differing nanocomposite structures, using a molecular dynamics approach. These simulations reveal that structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces can substantially exceed singly periodic Ni/Al nanolaminates of comparable scale in reactivity. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2023_34.txt,ave_2,2023_34.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_12.png,A,The combination of Suzuki-Catalyst-Transfer-Polymerization and preparative size-exclusion chromatography enables automated fractionation into a narrow-disperse polymer and true monodisperse oligomer batches using cost-effective low-pressure LC equipment!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has emerged as one of the most useful tools for the synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular weight and architecture. Continuing advances in the field have expanded the capabilities of the method to allow the synthesis of previously inaccessible materials in an increasingly simplified manner.  See page 5459. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2015_9.txt,allv2,2015_9.txt,"High throughput controlled/living radical polymerization techniques, especially those incorporating oxygen tolerant methodologies, greatly speed up the process of polymer development compared with conventional techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2019_24.txt,ave_2,2019_24.txt,Aqueous emulsion polymerization by catalysts that selectively generate linear or branched polyethylene microstructures provides access to multiphase polyolefin particles. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2016_4.txt,multiBv1,2016_4.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_20.png,B,"On the cover: Immunofluorescent image of an adult mouse urothelium shows that after
injury (e.g., urinary tract infection), intermediate cells (marked by mCherry, in
red) proliferate (EdU, in pink) to regenerate the superficial layer of the urothelium.
In contrast, basal cells marked by Keratin-5 (in green) do not contribute to regeneration.
For more about the identity of progenitors in both embryonic and regenerating urothelia,
see Gandhi et al., pp. 469–482.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/26_2.txt,ave_3,26_2.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a human renal organoid derived from induced pluripotent
stem cells at day 14 of the protocol. The convoluted epithelial tube of the forming
nephron is visible, with the apical side labeled by staining for ZO1 (in yellow) and
the basal side of the cells labeled by staining for integrin beta-1 (in magenta).
Nuclei of both epithelial and surrounding mesenchymal cells are labeled by DAPI staining
(in blue), and cells fated to become nephrons are labeled by staining for the transcription
factor HNF1B. To learn more about mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in renal development,
see Ng-Blichfeldt et al. Image credit: John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_20.txt,groundtruth,59_20.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence image of a paraffin section from a late-gestation
(E18.5) mouse kidney heterozygous for both Fgf9 and Fgf20. The kidney's mesenchymal
progenitors (green), podocytes (red), proximal tubules (blue), and ducts (purple)
are highlighted. Fgf9 and Fgf20 help maintain metanephric mesenchymal progenitors
in mice, while mutations in Fgf20 are associated with congenital kidney agenesis in
humans. For more information on these topics and on the application of Fgfs to the
development of cell culture techniques that may one day enable biomedical uses of
nephrogenic progenitors, see Barak et al., pp. 1191–1207, and the accompanying Preview
by Vainio, pp. 1125–1126.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/22_1.txt,ave_2,22_1.txt,"On the cover: The kidney consists of distinct compartments: the nephron epithelium
(represented in green/yellow), the renal interstitium (in red), and the collecting
duct (in white). Although lineage boundaries exist between these compartments, little
is known about how such boundaries are formed and regulated in the developing kidney.
To learn more about regulatory mechanisms for the lineage boundaries during kidney
organogenesis, see Naiman et al., pp. 349–365. Cover image prepared by Natalie Naiman
and photographed by Akio Kobayashi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/41_3.txt,allv2,41_3.txt,train
Nature Cancer,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/6_1.png,B,"Year in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus on 2021 in Review issue that includes news, analysis and comment on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the most popular primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the last 12 months.
See our December Editorialand associated Focus content.
Image: From left to right from the 2021 Nature Cancer articles by Vanhersecke et al.; Klemm et al.; Tu et al.; Westcott et al. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"Five years of Nature Cancer
We mark Nature Cancer’s fifth anniversary with a Series of specially commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on key developments in cancer research and oncology, together with a collection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 5 years.
See our January Editorial
Image: Lukas Jonaitis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"2022 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2022 in Review’, that includes news, analysis and comment on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the most popular primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content
Image: Milos Luzanin / Alamy. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,"One year of Nature Cancer
This month we celebrate one year of Nature Cancer with a specially curated collection of Nature Cancer articles and a new type of commissioned Clinical Outlook articles.
See Editorial and the One Year of  Nature Cancer  collection
Image: Ryan Carter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_12.txt,multiBv1,2_12.txt,test
Structure,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_6.png,C,"On the cover: The classical pathway is one of the major complement activation mechanisms
and is required for innate protection against pathogenic microorganisms. SIGN-R1 receptor
(molecular surface and cartoon) mediates a novel complement activation strategy in
splenic marginal zone macrophages and prevents encapsulated pathogens such as S. pneumoniae from escaping C3 opsonization. Crystal structures of SIGN-R1 alone and in complex
with dextran sulphate and sialic acid provide insights into SIGN-R1’s simultaneous
binding of both immune glycoproteins and microbial components. See Silva-Martín et
al., pp. 1595–1606. Artwork credited to Pablo Hermoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/22_2.txt,ave_2,22_2.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (blue/green) bound to
MD-2 (yellow), the terminal complex of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cascade at the
mammalian cellular membrane (gray) as part of the innate immune system. Multiscale
models were developed for this cascade, revealing the mechanism of funneled transfer
of agonistic LPS molecules (red), which leads to receptor activation via an allosteric
“gating residue” (cyan, top right). See Huber et al., https://www.cell.com/structure/fulltext/S0969-2126(18)30132-1.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_6.txt,allv2,26_6.txt,"On the cover: The immune receptors and ligands within the Nectin/Necl co-receptor
axis are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. Hu et al. determined the Nectin-2-bound PVRIG structure and provide insights into the affinity-dependent
intra-axis immunoregulatory mechanism. The cover symbolizes the race between four
immune receptors depicted as Chinese dragons for their ligand, Nectin-2, the dragon
ball. The inhibitory receptor PVRIG (blue dragon) with a higher affinity catches the
ligand, while the activating receptor DNAM-1 (red dragon) awaits its chance. Cover
art credit: Han Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"On the cover: Since its discovery as a second ligand for the colony stimulating factor-1
(CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R), interleukin-34 (IL-34) has emerged as a partial functional
homolog of CSF-1, which is surprising given that IL-34, a secreted factor, and membrane-tethered
CSF-1 share meager sequence identity and appear unrelated. To resolve this mystery,
Ma et al. (pp. 676–687) characterize structures of human IL-34 alone, in complex with
the N-terminal three Ig domains of CSF-1R, and in complex with an anti-IL-34 Fab fragment.
The cover illustrates cartoon models of CSF-1R (with extracellular Ig repeats rendered
as ovals and colored as dark brown, brown, white, and teal for D1, D2, D3, and D4-D5
modules, respectively; intracellular tyrosine kinase is drawn as rods and colored
in light teal) comparatively bound to IL-34 (purple) and CSF-1 (green) homodimers.
The interdomain flexibility between D2 and D3 is a key feature that allows CSF-1R
to engage these two distantly related helical cytokines. Cover design by Allison Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/20_9.txt,sbert,20_9.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_384,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_384.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that complements the Science Special Issue on Inflammation. Research and commentary in this collection highlight the complex mechanisms by which inflammation occurs, signaling in inflammatory disease, and the need to understand the mechanisms that underlie the harmful and beneficial aspects of the inflammatory response. The image shows an artistic impression of inflammation in the skin. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_258.txt,allv2,6_258.txt,"COVER This week features an Editorial Guide on new approaches to cancer therapy, as well as two Perspectives and a Review. The image depicts colon cancer progression. [Image: Adapted from an image from the National Cancer Institute; Terese Winslow (copyright 2005), U.S. Govt. has certain rights]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_381.txt,multiBv1,2007_381.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Challenges in Immunology, contains an Editorial Guide, a Review, and two Perspectives that discuss signals that affect the fate and responsiveness of T lymphocytes. The image depicts the activation of a naïve CD4+ T lymphocyte by a dendritic cell and its subsequent expansion and differentiation into a long-lived memory cell. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_398.txt,ave_2,2007_398.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue contains an Editorial Guide on modulation of the immune response, as well as four Perspectives. The image depicts resolution of an inflammatory response. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_384.txt,groundtruth,2007_384.txt,val
Biophysical Reports,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_1.png,C,"On the cover: In silico model of the neuroepithelium surface of a zebrafish embryo at 24 h post-fertilization.
To build the model, Chang-Gonzalez et al. (pp. 1–13) developed a program that takes
3D image stacks and progressively constructs and refines beads-on-chain models that
capture the neuroepithelium surface. Arrows point to outward normal, and their colors
represent measured local curvature, where red and blue denote convex and concave,
respectively. The hierarchical refinement approach makes the model-building procedure
tolerant to noises in images, and the method is applicable to images obtained from
different imaging modality.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"On the cover: Tetraspanin proteins (TSPANs) are found in all cell types and are involved in functions
like cell adhesion, membrane fusion, and cancer metastasis, mainly through their ability
to form higher-order structures. Their assembly depends on membrane concentration,
which can increase in curved membranes for some tetraspanins because of their sensitivity
to membrane curvature. To understand how different parts of the protein contribute
to its assembly and curvature sensitivity, micropipette aspiration combined with confocal
microscopy and optical tweezers was used. The illustration depicts a vesicle containing
TSPAN4 proteins held in a micropippete, with a membrane tube pulled from it by using
an optically trapped bead. Upon tube formation, the proteins partition into the tube.
By using this assay, it was demonstrated that the protein's extracellular loop 2 contributes
to the curvature sensitivity and curvature-induced interactions of TSPAN4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100149",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_3.txt,ave_3,4_3.txt,"On the cover: We used a pressure vessel model to investigate the relationship between
virus shape and critical stress and found that filament formation is a way of increasing
individual virus volume without particle rupture. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100181.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"On the cover: Mem3DG (Membrane Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry) is based on
discrete differential geometry that bridges smooth and discrete surface theory. We
utilize this framework to model the cycle of vesicular budding driven by protein aggregation.
The schematics ends with a shadow from a floating metallic ring, which symbolizes
the realization of the mathematical theory by using 3D computer simulation. The contrast
between the smooth fluid membrane and polygonal cage highlights the idea of formulating
differential equations on a triangulated mesh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.png,D,"The cover art illustrates the dynamic interplay of milk and espresso in the creation of espresso drinks, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction in defining the taste and texture of the beverage. It underlines how advanced two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments can elucidate the complex interactions and dynamics of organic molecules and milk proteins and offer insights into the molecular dance that supports the unique flavor of these popular drinks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,Sourdough fermentation combined with the compound improvers significantly improved the baking performance of whole wheat bread. The potential mechanisms of quality improvement revealed in this study may be enlightening for the development of other functional bread aimed at balancing nutrition and sensory quality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_8.txt,ave_3,2022_8.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.png,B,"On the cover: Zhang et al. develop a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly
synthesis approach to create nano wrinkles with controllable patterns on polymeric
membrane surfaces by using the water-evaporation-induced intermolecular force within
the polymer matrix. Image by Jun Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_7.txt,ave_3,2_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.
It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent
the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered
throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation
efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence
of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Week after week, technology companies unveil new AI tools that increasingly
resemble humans. The activity of humans and scientists is becoming more and more influenced
by AI. Fazio et al. propose a multiscale data-driven strategy for hierarchical physical phenomena that
keeps scientists as main players. Explicit analytical relationships to be easily interpreted
are deduced, enabling a continuous interaction between data modelling and scientific
knowledge. Spider silk is considered as an explicit proof of concept. The cover graphic
was designed by Federica Fazio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_11.txt,multiBv1,5_11.txt,"On the cover: Liang et al. explore machine learning in the field of materials science
by predicting polymer compatibility. In the cover image, a plant with neural network
roots is depicted and being watered with molecules representing nutrients. The sun
is rising in the background, indicating the potential of machine learning for materials
science exploration. Image created by Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, Yichun Liu, et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.png,A,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Lipid nanoparticles are a versatile platform to  deliver protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid-based antigens as well as adjuvants and cell targeting small molecules. Recent success of COVID-19 vaccines based on liposomal delivery of RNA vaccines will foster the development of new therapeutics exploiting this technology against microbial pathogens and cancer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2021_5.txt,allv2,2021_5.txt,"The electrokinetic studies on the stimuli-responsive poly(NIPAM-co-SPMA) copolymer micelle-like nanocarriers revealed hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin. Those interactions determine preferential locations of the poorly and higher water-soluble forms of the active principle within the micelle-like aggregates, thus impacting the global loading and release efficiencies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,This image represents a painting of a monolayer of lymphatic endothelial cells stained with VE-cadherin and DAPI containing fluorescent nanoparticles. The original painting was created by Shae Shortt. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_4.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p545.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_4.txt,multiBv1,19_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p601.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p531.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p470.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_5.txt,ave_3,19_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.png,C,"In this Review, Bell et al. describe current VR-based treatments for mental health conditions and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"In this Review, Muraki et al. discuss how studying individuals with an inability to form mental images can provide insight into the relationship between mental imagery and the mental simulations involved in embodied cognition.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"In this Review, Orben et al. describe the mechanisms by which social media could amplify the developmental changes that increase adolescents’ mental health vulnerability.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"Individuals who are transgender or nonbinary experience a higher prevalence of certain mental health concerns. In this Review, Tebbe and Budge discuss these disparities along with factors that protect these individuals from negative outcomes and promote well-being.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_8.png,C,"From gene variants to disease mechanisms
A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight disrupts the cortical actin cytoskeleton in subcutaneous adipocytes, which results in decreased adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The image depicts differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and cortical F-actin (yellow).
See Glunk et al.
Image: Phil Kubitz, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_8.txt,sbert,5_8.txt,"Angiocrine polyamines regulate adiposity
Polyamines produced by endothelial cells in white adipose tissue support adipocyte lipolysis and have a role in maintaining healthy adipose tissue homeostasis. The cover image represents an artistic illustration of this concept, depicting the endothelium (magenta), polyamines (ultramarine), adipose tissue (yellow) and free fatty acids (yellow droplets), which are released as a result of lipolysis.
See Monelli et al.
Image: Arkaitz Carracedo, CIC bioGUNE. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"Small vesicles as metabolic mediators
Small extracellular vesicles released from adipose tissue macrophages in mice that were treated with the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice, circumventing the severe adverse effects of the drug. The image is an illustration of human cells secreting small extracellular vesicles.
See Rohm et al.
Credit: Image: JUAN GAERTNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Insulin sparkles
Using a zinc-based fluorophore with spinning-disc confocal microscopy, Peng et al. visualize insulin secretion in intact mouse islets, thereby revealing a subpopulation of β cells that make a disproportionally large contribute to overall insulin release. Each coloured dot indicates an exocytosis event against the backdrop of stained β cells of a mouse islet.
See Peng et al.
Image: Liangyi Chen, Peking University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_11.txt,allv2,6_11.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_12.png,C,"In this issue, on pages 210–224, Baluch and Itti discuss top-down attention pathways
and mechanisms. Their review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms
by which we can filter sensory information to pay attention to behaviorally-relevant
events. Image credit: CSA Images, B&W Archive Collection (Getty Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/34_10.txt,allv2,34_10.txt,"Flying insects are remarkable in their ability to chase moving targets, often at high
speed. On pages 383–391, Karin Nordström and David C. O’Carroll discuss recent mechanistic
insights into how insects achieve this feat. Cover image: © Phil Degginger/Alamy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/32_6.txt,sbert,32_6.txt,"Jumping spiders, renowned for their excellent vision used in prey capture,
navigation, and assessing elaborate, species-specific courtship displays, are an
emerging model system in the study of visual attention. These charismatic spiders
have
eight camera-type eyes: six function as motion detectors, while a pair of highly acute,
moveable eyes allow spiders to inspect the shape and color of objects. Historically,
investigation of visual processing in these animals has been thwarted by their internally
pressurized bodies, but these constraints have been overcome. In this issue of Trends
   in Neurosciences, Alex Winsor, Luke Remage-Healey, Ronald Hoy, and Elizabeth Jakob
highlight the architecture of the jumping spider visual system, discuss how shifts
in
gaze can regulate the uptake of visual information, and describe how different streams
of visual information from multiple eyes might be integrated in the brain. Cover image
of
Phidippus regius by Elizabeth Jakob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_12.txt,groundtruth,47_12.txt,"On pages 464–473, Huberman and Niell review recent advances in understanding the mouse
visual system at the anatomical, receptive field and perceptual level. The opportunities
and constraints that these features provide toward the goal of furthering our understanding
of the neural mechanisms underlying visual processing are also discussed, especially
in light of the fact that other species, such as primates, have traditionally been
used to study vision. Image credits: iStockphoto/jeremysale and iStockphoto/alptraum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/34_5.txt,multiBv1,34_5.txt,val
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_3.png,A,"Fluorescence microscopy reveals core/shell microparticle structures formed using a three-fluid nozzle spray-drying process. Alginate-based microparticles exhibit distinct layers of green (FITC) fluorescence in the core and red (rhodamine B) fluorescence in the shell, highlighting effective encapsulation of Polymyxin B and controlled release properties in antimicrobial drug delivery.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,sbert,2024_9.txt,The multi-phase drug (green) distribution in oil-in-water nanoemulsion (yellow) globule formulation: Drug exchange is mediated through the collision-induced globule fusion and fission between nano- and microemulsion (orange) globules. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,"This figure shows an amorphous solid dispersion of indometacin (glowing blue) within a matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The perspective highlights the drug’s chemical environment, with the polymer structure intricately rendered, offering insight into the interactions within the dispersion. No molecules were removed from this real-world simulation data. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_8.png,A,"Prosthetic embodiment refers to the incorporation of a prosthesis into one’s sensory and functional body schema, requiring the consideration of a user’s sense of agency and ownership. This may be achieved by engineering bionic limbs that leverage a closed-loop mechanoneural-machine interface to allow bidirectional information transfer between the peripheral nervous system and external assistive devices. See Tony Shu et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,ave_3,2_6.txt,"Neurological disorders or traumatic events that cause hand paralysis limit our ability to reach and manipulate objects with our hands. Neuroprosthetic technologies, and, in particular, ‘brain-to-body’ interfaces, may decode hand motor intent from brain signals and activate muscles accordingly, allowing voluntary control of movements while bypassing the neurological lesion. See Elena Losanno et al.
Cover image: Jeeshiu Design. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_2.png,B,"To celebrate 30 years of Trends in Microbiology, we have put
together a special issue on emerging pathogen defense mechanisms. The articles
in this collection discuss recent developments surrounding pathways that bacteria,
viruses, and fungi utilize to subvert host antimicrobial responses and enhance their
pathogenicity. In addition, this collection provides insights on targeting the players
involved in the microbial defense arsenal. The cover schematic is representative
of existing host defense systems (blue padlocks) being subverted (red padlock
showing a security breach). Image courtesy: NicoElNino, iStock/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_2.txt,ave_3,31_2.txt,"Bacteria have repeatedly evolved and repurposed phage machinery to kill
neighbouring bacteria. These bactericidal complexes called tailocins are strain-specific
in
their killing and show promise as targeted antibiotics. In this issue, Drs. Karasov,
Burbano,
and colleagues discuss ways in which tailocins target and kill closely related bacteria
but
avoid self-killing. Evolving the optimal tailocin specificity involves tradeoffs between
broads-pectrum
killing and outer membrane resistance to the environment.
Image courtesy: Daniel Rouhani, Exonscientific",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"Phages have evolved anti-defence systems (ADSs) to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms, forming complex antagonistic interactions with bacterial
defence systems. This cover image uses a chessboard as a visual metaphor for
how phage populations evolve layers of anti-defence strategies to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms. The floating elements next to the bacterial and phage pieces
symbolise “the moves” they can make to combat one and other – molecular
mechanisms they utilise. The cover illustrates some examples of those molecular
mechanisms (phage pieces and machinery are in grey, bacterial are in orange). For
instance, bacterial restriction-modification system (enzymes with cloud-like shape)
cleaves unmodified phage DNA, but phages evade the recognition by modifying
DNA; bacterial retron Ec78 cleaves endogenous tRNA-Tyr (yellow), preventing phage
protein translation, but phages overcome translation shutdown by encoding their
tRNA-Tyr, enabling their replication. In this issue, Murtazalieva and colleagues discuss
these and many other ADSs and their interplay with bacterial defence systems.
Image courtesy: Khalimat Murtazalieva, Aleksandra Petrovskaya, Abhishek Rawat,
Robert Finn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.txt,allv2,32_1.txt,"To celebrate 30 years of Trends in Microbiology, we have put
together a special issue on emerging pathogen defense mechanisms. The articles
in this collection discuss recent developments surrounding pathways that bacteria,
viruses, and fungi utilize to subvert host antimicrobial responses and enhance their
pathogenicity. In addition, this collection provides insights on targeting the players
involved in the microbial defense arsenal. The cover schematic is representative
of existing host defense systems (blue padlocks) being subverted (red padlock
showing a security breach). Image courtesy: NicoElNino, iStock/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_1.txt,sbert,31_1.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_92,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_92.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,allv2,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER Learning-based navigation. The ability of robots to navigate in unfamiliar environments presents a challenge for autonomous flight. Chahine et al. have developed and implemented a learning framework that utilizes liquid neural networks to facilitate the navigation of quadrotor robots to specific targets in surroundings that are distinct from their training environment. The brain-inspired framework relies on a learning-based solution that is robust and adaptable, in order to complete navigation tasks without guidance. This month’s cover is an image of a drone equipped with the liquid neural network performing vision-based autonomous flight toward a moving human target. Credit: Mike Grimmett/MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory/Copyright Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2023",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_77.txt,sbert,8_77.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robot Trajectory Planning – Framework for Planning Optimized Robot Trajectories Around Obstacles. Marcucci et al. report on a method for collision-free robot motion planning. The planning method relies on finding the shortest paths with graphs of convex sets to generate optimal trajectories in less time than other sampling-based algorithms. The framework was able to achieve collision-free motion planning on a quadrotor flying robot through a building in simulation, as well as the coordinated trajectories of two physical robot arms working jointly to sort objects. This month’s cover is an image of two robot arms using the framework for coordinated motion planning. Credit: Michael Grimmett",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_84.txt,ave_3,8_84.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robot Visual Trajectory Following. A bioinspired vision-based approach can enable small autonomous drones to follow routes over long distances. Van Dijk et al. developed a strategy for robot trajectory following that is inspired by desert ants to enable small drones to navigate without the need for high computational demands. The strategy combines odometry with highly compressed visual snapshots to record outbound flights with minimal memory consumption. Visual homing was then used on inbound flights to minimize the potential of drifting off course in autonomous drone navigation. This month’s cover shows a lightweight drone capable of visual route following to navigate in a forested environment. Credit: TU Delft, photo by Studio Oostrum",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_92.txt,groundtruth,9_92.txt,val
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_3.png,D,"To identify protein targets of bioactive small molecules, we developed a new approach, useful for rapid small molecule modification. Upon photomodification, a mixture of stochastically modified molecules is generated, subsequently conjugated to a hydrophilic copolymer, which is decorated with biotin and fluorophore. The protein is then identified by immunoprecipitation followed by MS. Image credit:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,"screening of 41716 compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identifies pre-clinical anticancer mycotoxins chaetocin and chetomin as potent inducers of novel nuclear metal homeostasis protein NUMR-1/2 in the alimentary canal.  Chaetomiaceae fungi and C. elegans inhabit similar environments, raising the possibility that NUMR-1/2 functions as a resistance mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"Bacteriophage carrying a human cDNA library (red), poised to infect a bacterial cell. Once inside the phage hijacks the cell’s chemical machinery to produce hundreds of identical copies of the infecting phage, each carrying  the human cDNA gene product (helical protein) on the capsid. This phage ""library"" can be iteratively mined for human proteins that bind to biotinylated small molecules (silver chains) rapidly and agnostically.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2019_9.txt,sbert,2019_9.txt,"Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lmat) is widely tested as an anticancer vaccine. Here, we use click chemistry to functionalize the Lmat cell wall and turn the bacterium into an “intelligent carrier” of the doxorubicin chemotherapeutic drug. Doxorubicin-loaded Lmat",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_2.png,D,"Vaccine adjuvants, inspired by the Review on p454.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_7.txt,ave_2,20_7.txt,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,ave_3,23_12.txt,"mRNA vaccines, inspired by the Review on p817.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,"mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases, inspired by the Review on p838.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,test
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.png,B,"Crystal engineering actively explores supramolecular control strategies to construct functional materials. An emerging approach relies on the concept of long-range synthon Aufbau modules (LSAMs) to transfer a “large synthon” from one structure to another. The strategy was used to transfer known supramolecular synthons from trihalophenols into cocrystals with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. The cocrystals are photoreactive and undergo single-crystal reactivity (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 2511–2518).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,Artistic representation of hemozoin crystals isolated from Plasmodium falciparum. Samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy. A group of isolated crystals was multiplied on the image and artificially colored.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,"Molecular building blocks, consisting of the halogen bond donor (triangles) and acceptor (rectangles), sublime and form a cocrystal (top). This process, named cosublimation, is investigated for its potential to form halogen-bonded cocrystals. Previously inaccessible supramolecular architectures are identified. (Cryst. Growth Des. 2018, 10, 6227",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_3.txt,ave_1,2018_3.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_6.png,B,"A-site mixing in the double-cation perovskites can induce a two-stage change of lattice, resulting in the completely opposite effects on the photovoltaic performance    View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,"The illustration shows the ion and charge migration in a perovskite solar cell under reverse electrical bias highlighting the interplay of different species in different layers and interfaces. Using spatially resolved scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the mechanisms behind these migrations are explored,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Technological evolution, from dye-sensitized to thin-film perovskite solar cells.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2013_4.txt,sbert,2013_4.txt,The quest for more efficient organic solar cells is driving the discovery of the mechanism of charge photogeneration in organic photovoltaic materials. Native vibrational modes of the organic materials are examined with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy to reveal the role of excess energy in mediating the dissociation of charge transfer excitons into separated electron–hole pairs. This process is observed directly through the time evolution of the vibrational frequencies. Solar image: courtesy of NASA/GSFC/AIA.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2010_10.txt,multiBv1,2010_10.txt,train
Current Biology,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_9.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Niehuis et al. (pp. 1309–1313) report the genome sequence
of a twisted-wing parasite (Strepsiptera) and find that the enigmatic Strepsiptera
are the closest living relatives of beetles (Coleoptera). The colored SEM micrograph
on the cover depicts a male of Xenos vesparum, the first (in 1793) scientifically described Strepsiptera species. This species
initiated a two-centuries-long debate concerning the phylogenetic origin of these
intriguing insects. Image by Hans Pohl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_11.txt,sbert,22_11.txt,"On the cover: Seeds? Ancient artwork? No, these are the eggs of 42 species of stick
and leaf insects. In this issue, Boisseau and Woods show that this spectacular diversity in size and shape has evolved within a complex
network of causal relationships among life history, ecological, and mechanical factors.
Variation in egg size is mainly explained by variation in female resource allocation
strategy (i.e., lay many but small or few but large eggs). In contrast, variation
in egg shape mainly reflects varying levels of mechanical constraints arising from
the passage through the reproductive canals of slender, twig-mimicking species or
from derived oviposition strategies including burying the eggs in the substrate or
gluing them to the host plant instead of dropping them. Image by Romain Boisseau,
Thies Büscher, and Tom van de Kamp.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_12.txt,allv2,34_12.txt,"On the cover: With over 30,000 species worldwide, darkling beetles have diversified
into a variety of ecological niches. They are masters of shape shifting, ranging from
cylindrical, wood-boring forms to hemispherical, surface-grazing forms. In this issue,
Li et al. show that this extraordinary diversity is driven by ancient rapid radiations, frequent
ecological transitions, and rapid bursts of morphological evolution. The cover image
is designed to tell this story, with darkling beetles of various shapes arranged in
a ring to showcase a “big bang” evolution into a spectacular array of ecomorphs that
we see today. In the center is an arboreal pie-dish beetle, part of a large Gondwanan
clade that underwent adaptive radiation. The evolutionary history of darkling beetles
demonstrates a critical role of ecology as a driver of morphological evolution and
is essential to improving our understanding of the general processes that have shaped
the spectacular biological diversity on Earth. Image by Yun “Living” Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,"On the cover: Lycaenid butterflies in their original drawer from the Insecta Scandinaviae collection of Johan Wilhelm Zetterstedt (1785–1874) of Lund University. Lycaenids
are one of the most biodiverse butterfly groups. They also illustrate the importance
of museum collections for cataloging and categorizing biodiversity. Our special issue
(pages R1141–R1342) assembles front matter articles that deal with biodiversity in
a wide range of contexts, from its description and historical origins to concerns
about its conservation and restoration. Picture taken by Christoffer Fägerström on
behalf of the Biological Museum of Lund University, https://www.biology.lu.se/biological-museum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_6.txt,multiBv1,31_6.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_3.png,D,"Inferring health trajectories
In this issue, Netta Mendelson Cohen et al. investigate individuals’ trajectories of healthy aging and age-related diseases. The researchers stitch together electronic health records with partial longitudinal coverage, using machine learning to untangle future healthy aging from chronic disease, and identify early indicators for healthy longevity. The cover image shows the study’s longevity-model features superimposed with representations of electronic health record information, which are connected via multiple solid or dotted lines that indicate differing propensities to drive the outputs of the models.
See Cohen et al.
Image: adapted from Nat. Aging  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5 (2024), Springer Nature America (background and central graph), elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus (remaining elements). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_12.txt,multiBv1,4_12.txt,"Air pollution and cognitive health
In this issue, a cohort study led by Xu Gao reports the negative impact of short-term exposure to air pollution on cognitive function of older men, and that such impact is lower among individuals pre-scribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The cover design illustrates the impact of air pollution on cognitive health by depicting common sources of air pollution (for example, air and surface traffic, power plants and factories) and a central cooling tower emitting a smoke cloud in the shape of the human brain.
Image: Chris Madden / Moment / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Plant-based dietary patterns and mortality in China
In this issue, an epidemiological study by Chen and colleagues looked at associations between plant-based dietary patterns and mortality risk in a large sample of older adults, aged 65 and above, in China. They found that not all categories of plant foods were associated with a decreased risk of mortality. Our cover image depicting wooden chopsticks holding a leafy green makes reference to East Asian culinary culture.
See Chen et al. and the accompanying Research Briefing
Cover image: ViewStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"Better diets for planetary and cognitive health
In this issue, Gonçalves et al use longitudinal data from the ELSA-Brasil study to explore how adherence to the planetary health diet is linked to protection against cognitive decline, but with income as a modifier. The cover image shows a selection of fresh food that reflects the sustainable, plant-forward diet guidelines.
See Gonçalves et al.
Image: Adehoidar/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_39,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_39.png,A,Measurement of single-molecule conductance has emerged as a promising tool to unravel complex chemistry at the nanoscale. Single-molecule conductance and Flicker noise analysis can be employed to probe chemical reactions at the single-molecule level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_39.txt,groundtruth,2024_39.txt,"Single molecular resistive switch is provided by using a quaterthiophene molecular junction. Transition between the three  distinct conductance states is controlled via varying the effective tunneling  length by sliding anchoring points, without changing either the binding modes  or the chemical structure of the contact point. See Nakamura and co-workers, p 7327. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_33.txt,sbert,2014_33.txt,Electron transport through transition metal complexes shows large magnetoresistance effects in single-molecule devices. The direction of the magnetization of the STM tip controls the spin current and the conductance values differ by several orders of magnitude when the tip magnetization is reversed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_36.txt,allv2,2017_36.txt,"Zeolites are the workhorse in oil refining and petrochemical applications. Single molecule, single turnover sensitive fluorescence microscopy allows studying the reactivity of Brønsted acid sites in zeolite crystals. The observed single turnover kinetics proceeds with significant spatial differences in turnover frequencies at the nanoscale, and with non-correlated temporal fluctuations. See Weckhuysen and co-workers, p 6559. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_32.txt,multiBv1,2015_32.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.png,A,"The mechanisms accounting for the formation of pores by amyloid peptides are revealed by unbiased all-atom simulations. Peptides adsorb, aggregate into β-sheets, and form pores spontaneously at the surface of lipid bilayers. Four peptides differing in the distribution of polar and nonpolar residues along the sequence are investigated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_3.txt,ave_3,2020_3.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"Amyloid fibrils can be generated from a large range of food proteins, which may directly contact disease-associated amyloidogenic proteins in certain scenarios, such as for medical applications or individuals with digestive disorders. In this study, we show the biological effects of food amyloid fibrils when exposed to a series of conventional cell lines.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_8.png,C,"On the cover: The cover shows a series of reconstructed Arabidopsis thaliana embryos, starting with the zygote in the top right and progressing to the heart stage
on the left. Cells are segmented and colored according to their volume (red denotes
large, blue denotes small). For more on how plant hormones control cell division orientation
by overriding a default geometric rule, see Yoshida et al., pp. 75–87.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/29_6.txt,sbert,29_6.txt,"On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis
spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic
atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left).
To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283),
Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang
Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_15.txt,allv2,57_15.txt,"On the cover: The cover features three overlaid images of rice seed embryos during
germination using three methodologies: cell wall staining image generated during Stereo-seq
sequencing (lower, white image); automatic cell segmentation using a self-trained
model (middle, colored image); in situ spatial gene expression map of the rice embryo achieved through cell segmentation
(top, colored image), with the same colors representing cells identified as the same
cluster in unsupervised learning. The design of the cover image highlights the crucial
data production stages in our article. To learn more about the spatiotemporal transcriptome
of the rice embryo and the roles of different cell types in seed germination, see
Yao et al. Image credit: Jie Yao and Longjiang Fan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_8.txt,groundtruth,59_8.txt,"On the cover: Brunskill et al. (see pp. 781–791) present an atlas of gene expression
patterning across multiple compartments and lineages of the developing kidney, with
samples made using a combination of laser-capture microdissection and fluorescence-activated
cell sorting and profiled via Affymetrix GeneChips. On the cover, the goal of understanding
the genetic blueprint of kidney development is depicted over a heat map illustrating
clusters of genes that exhibit compartment-specific or multicompartment expression.
At the end of the heatmap is a confocal picture of a developing kidney with YFP and
CFP labeling S-shaped bodies and collecting ducts, respectively. On the left is an
image representing gene regulatory relationships that can be derived from the data.
Cover designed by Bruce Aronow, Eric Brunskill, and Todd Valerius.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/15_2.txt,multiBv1,15_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.png,B,"‘Shaping cell signalling’, inspired by the Review on p638
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"‘Single-cell landscape’, inspired by the Review on p695
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_3.txt,ave_3,24_3.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.png,C,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_2,22_1.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,ave_3,23_2.txt,"Microbial food spoilage, inspired by the Review on p528.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.txt,groundtruth,22_4.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/46_2.png,A,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_1.txt,allv2,46_1.txt,"Mice hosting a human hemato-lymphoid system offer an attractive model for biomedical
research. For example, they hold potential for study of human-specific infectious
disease, or for pre-clinical vaccine testing. Current mouse models for human immune
cell function, however, have limitations such as a poor capacity for induction of
adaptive immunity. On pages 321–327, Flavell and colleagues discuss how delivery of
human cytokines into the mouse host can improve human hamatopoiesis and immune cell
function. They examine methods for cytokine delivery, with emphasis on gene targeting
approaches. The cover image shows a human statue overlaid with red blood cells. Image
credit: Robin Cracknell/Stockbyte Collection (Getty Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_7.txt,ave_2,32_7.txt,"The gut microbiota participates in the regulation of immune system development and
function, and different groups of bacteria may impact the frequency and activity of
specific immune cell subsets. Probiotics, which are components of the normal microbiota,
are live microorganisms that can confer a health benefit to host. On pages 208–215,
Kleerebezem and colleagues discuss how the probiotic lactobacilli may improve immune
homeostasis. The authors highlight that the health-promoting benefits of this probiotic
depend on strain identity and are specific to host physiology. Cover image credit:
iStock/Floortje.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/34_8.txt,ave_3,34_8.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_9.png,D,"Youth mental health
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of intense emotions and a crucial time for developing strategies for coping and processing emotions. In addition to facing normative developmental experiences, young people today are growing up in a time of great challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, gun violence and international conflict — all of which have negatively affected youth mental health. The cover for our August issue is deliberately moody and somber, reflecting the uncertainty of our times. Yet even in unexpected places, there is always hope. The shadow of a young person’s hand reaches for a bright poppy, often associated with the promise of a more peaceful future, depicting the need to continue to strive for a better world.
See our Editorial for more on the challenges facing youth mental health and some promising new research avenues.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"Lived experience: shifting focus
On the cover of this issue, we feature the mind and brain as a prism — refracting the simple input of white light into a resplendent and living rainbow. It serves as a metaphor to consider how mental health lived experience is complex and inhabited by an individual. For some, embracing their lived experience has become a transformative experience, prompting them to use their status as a mental health ‘expert by experience’ to inform research, advocacy and policy, ultimately, to help others.
See our Editorial for more on how shifting our focus to the value of lived experience can be transformative for the science of mental health and wellbeing.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_10.txt,multiBv1,1_10.txt,"Sex and the brain across the lifespan
How the brain changes as a function of sex and as we age are profound and relatively under-researched questions. The April cover challenges us to consider the maturation stages that make up the developmental trajectory over the lifespan and suggest the different windows of time in which the interplay of systems is especially salient, such as neuroendocrine function and puberty.
See our Editorial for more insights into sex and the brain across the lifespan.
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_16.png,A,"On the cover: The cover displays three adult Drosophila optic lobes, each stained for a specific class of distal medulla neurons (top, Dm4;
middle, Dm1; bottom, Dm11) using multicolor stochastic labeling (MultiColor FlpOut,
or MCFO). In the accompanying paper, the authors show that each of these neurons is
born from neural stem cells derived from a specific larval subdomain within a patterned
neuroepithelium. The size of each domain of origin determines the abundance of each
specific neuronal type. Therefore, spatial patterning not only contributes to cell
fate specification but also regulates the stoichiometry of each neural class. To learn
more about how spatial patterning regulates neuronal cell fate in Drosophila, see Malin et al. Image credit: Jennifer Malin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_16.txt,groundtruth,59_16.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a third instar Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which
is the larval precursor to the adult wing. Nuclei are labelled in magenta, and in
orange, a transgenic dad-GFPnls reporter reveals the graded signaling activity of the bone morphogenetic protein
(BMP) pathway. This visualization of a gradient, which is widely attributed to the
morphogen Dpp and is one of the most carefully analyzed, shows that the gradient is
formed exclusively by Dpp/Gbb heterodimers. To learn more about heterodimerization-dependent
secretion of BMPs in Drosophila, see Aguilar et al. 645–659. Image credit: Gustavo
Aguilar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_17.txt,sbert,58_17.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows fluorescence images of mitotic cells with de novo centromeres from Drosophila melanogaster larval brains. The chromosomes are stained with DAPI (DNA, magenta) and CENP-C antibodies
(kinetochore protein, green) and are shown within the outlines of fruit flies. To
learn more about targeted de novo centromere formation, inheritance, and impact on viability and development, see Palladino
et al. on pp. 379–394.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/52_4.txt,multiBv1,52_4.txt,"On the cover: Tiled images of skeletonized cell junctions (white boundaries) from
mosaic Drosophila wing disc epithelia. Growth-deficient TorΔP clones (red) are no longer contiguous and disperse among normally sized neighbors
within the tissue. For more on the mechanism of dispersal of the small-cell clones,
see Ramanathan et al. on pp. 49–61.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/51_6.txt,allv2,51_6.txt,train
iScience,28_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/28_3.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image describes a typical imminent collision scenario. Since
the frontal space is limited, the collision cannot be avoided for the ego vehicle,
i.e., into the oncoming vehicle, into the left buildings, or into the right pedestrians.
It is difficult for human drivers to make the optimal decision given the high spatial
and temporal pressure. In contrast, automated vehicles are promising to significantly
mitigate human injury risks due to a specifically designed safety decision-making
algorithm (represented by the robot sitting in the passenger seat).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_5.txt,ave_3,25_5.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_2.txt,allv2,28_2.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_3.txt,groundtruth,28_3.txt,"On the cover: People's vision for a future electricity system is decentralized, willing
to accept trade-offs, as shown in Mey et al. The picture captures this future vision with a person walking toward a small-scale
wind farm (six turbines) in the vicinity of several villages and settlements in central
Germany. Image credit: Lech Aleksandrowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_9.txt,ave_2,27_9.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.png,A,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,multiBv1,2_3.txt,"How the glutamine-to-glutamate ratio influences atherosclerosis
Murcy et al. show that increasing the plasma ratio of glutamine to glutamate in a mouse model of atherosclerosis can distally reprogram transcriptional and post-transcriptional remodeling of the aorta by GLS2-dependent hepatic glutaminolysis.
See Murcy et al.
Image: Aude Laurent (Ododo) - Motion design / Art direction / Video editing / illustration *FREELANCE*. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_1.txt,sbert,3_1.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_12.png,D,"Wave climate projections
Wind-generated waves, such as those shown on the cover shaping a sandy beach in Cape Town, South Africa, play a major role in coastal sea-level dynamics and shoreline change. Future changes to deepwater wave climate (height, frequency and direction) will likely affect approximately 50% of the world's coastlines, and could drive significant changes in coastal oceanic processes and hazards.
See Morim et al.
Image: Dan Grinwis. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/9_4.txt,ave_3,9_4.txt,"Cloud feedbacks
Whether clouds will warm or cool the planet under climate change is uncertain. Writing in this issue, two separate studies investigate the climate impacts of clouds. Mülmenstädt et al. show that overestimates of precipitation from warm clouds lead to substantial biases in climate models. Myers et al. find that feedbacks from tropical and subtropical marine clouds are smaller than previously reported.
See Myers et al., Mülmenstädt et al. News & Views by Stephens.
[Updated to correct the spelling of author name Myers.]
Image: GUADALUPE ISLAND, VON KARMAN VORTEX/The Image Bank/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_7.txt,ave_2,11_7.txt,"Warming accelerates Southern Ocean flow
Understanding the impacts of climate change on circulation in the Southern Ocean is limited by its remoteness and the lack of historical observations. Writing in this issue, Shi et al. use a combination of observations, CMIP6 and eddy-resolving models to show that acceleration of Southern Ocean zonal flow has emerged in recent decades due to uneven ocean warming.
See Shi et al. and News & Views by Stewart
Image: Mike Hill/Stone/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_1.txt,allv2,11_1.txt,"Increasing predictability of tropical circulation
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a mode of weekly-to-subseasonal atmospheric variability, mainly observed over the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean. The MJO strongly influences rainfall in these areas, but can also influence weather conditions in other regions of the world. Writing in this issue, Du et al. show that the MJO has become more predictable in recent decades, mainly driven by anthropogenic warming.
See Du et al. and News & Views by Jenney
Image: Nigel Prosser / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_12.txt,groundtruth,14_12.txt,val
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_11.png,D,"Comorbidities alter antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccine
Kedzierska and colleagues examine the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in Australian First Nations people, a population with a high burden of comorbidities. The artwork depicts the organs affected by chronic disease as five large dots (for heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and brain), surrounded by bush medicine leaves and smaller dots representing the researchers and health professionals sharing information.
See Kedzierska et al.
Image: Zoe Mardijbalina Fitzpatrick – Mardijbalina Art (https://mardijbalinaart.com) Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,ave_3,24_7.txt,"Immunology of COVID-19
Nature Immunology has commissioned a Series of Reviews and a Perspective that discuss the innate and adaptive aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the possible mechanisms behind the large clinical variability in the response to infection, and considerations for vaccine and therapy strategies.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/aeacbbicec
Image Credit: Erin Dewalt. Cover art: Kateryna Kon / Science Photo Library / Getty",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/23_11.txt,allv2,23_11.txt,"Coping with COVID
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide in the past year, killing millions and disrupting normal daily life for many more. Nature Immunology introduces a new series ‘Coping with COVID’, wherein researchers and public health experts from across the globe describe their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/gaacigidef
Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/22_10.txt,ave_2,22_10.txt,"Immune dysregulation in long COVID
Yin et al. use Olink proteomics and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses to show a dysregulated crosstalk between the cellular and humoral immune responses in individuals with long COVID 8 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.
See Kailin Yin et al.
Image credit: Amie Fernandez. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.png,B,"Artificial transmembrane transport
Building artificial cells that mimic the functions of biological cells represents a fundamental challenge. A major bottleneck is the transport of substances across the artificial cell membrane. Now, Nan-Nan Deng and colleagues demonstrate an endocytosis-/exocytosis-like transmembrane transport in a liposome-based system. By utilizing interfacial energy, liposomes can reversibly engulf and excrete oil microdroplets, which can subsequently be exploited as reconfigurable oil-based channels for molecular transport. The cover illustrates the shuttling process of ions and DNA across the oil-based channels.
See Tian et al. and Parikh
Image: Nan-Nan Deng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"Springing into action
Preventing freezing droplet accretion on surfaces is of practical importance, yet challenging. Now, Zuankai Wang and co-workers report a rationally designed structured elastic surface with spring-like pillars and wetting contrast, which can leverage the water volume expansion during the freezing process to drive the spontaneous ejection of freezing water droplets, irrespective of their impacting locations. The cover image shows a render of two ice droplets on the structured elastic surface, one of which has been ejected from a spring that was compressed temporarily due to freezing.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Ltd. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,test
Matter,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_4.png,D,"On the cover: In the film The Matrix, the offering of a red pill and a blue pill to the hero represents a choice, willingness
to learn, and courage to take risks. Frequently, a researcher finds their way to an
unplanned and unexpected topic that yields exciting results. Here, in our third annual
Researcher's Choice issue, we provide Previews that act as our choices, highlighting
exciting areas of materials science. Our pills are red, blue, green, yellow, and a
host of other colors! Will you choose MXenes, LEDs, perovskites, or metalloenzymes?
This author-first issue provides a snapshot of materials science. Find out how deep
the rabbit hole goes! Cover design by Sci-Fig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_5.txt,multiBv1,6_5.txt,"On the Cover: Sometimes, technological inspiration can be found among household items.
This month's cover depicts a simple cellulose-based kitchen sponge amongst an oily
mess, an appropriate material for cleaning. Herein, the work of Wang et al. (1274–1286)
demonstrates a sponge-like device for oily wastewater treatment. More complex than
a household sponge, inspired by plant transpiration, a solar-driven device is developed
that is based on wood, poly(vinyl alcohol), and hydroxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes,
producing fresh water from oily seawater and demonstrating impressive recyclability
and stability.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_9.txt,sbert,4_9.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Pena-Francesch et al. pays homage to magnetic manipulation in comic books and superhero pop culture. New
advances in radical polymers bring new opportunities to the design and development
of metal-free organic magnetic materials, with biocompatible and squishy properties
for soft robotics and medical imaging. Image credit: Adrian Bago Gonzalez and Abdon
Pena-Francesch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_9.txt,allv2,7_9.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Hsu and colleagues depicts a red-colored biomaterials film wrapped in a spiral pattern to look like
a rose, sitting in a menstrual cup. The work describes the development of an eco-friendly,
blood-absorbent biomaterial that improves the performance of menstrual products by
minimizing blood leakage and spilling while also helping to prevent infection. The
stark cover counters the stigma of thinking or studying menstruation, using advanced
functional materials for innovative solutions. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_4.png,B,Pinoline at 10 nM  stimulates neural differentiation in neurospheres derived from the  subventricular zone of adult rats. Cells were stained with the neurogenic  marker,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2015_8.txt,multiBv1,2015_8.txt,"Vincristine (VCR) is a highly neurotoxic chemotherapy drug. Our study showed that VCR can lead to axonal and neuronal degeneration in the spinal cord of old rats. The histopathological image of the scan that demonstrated the degenerative process in the spinal cord of old rats was used as the cover background. The neurodegeneration demonstrated in the histopathological image shows spherical vacuoles containing macrophages, indicating the phagocytic and neuroinflammatory processes induced by VCR in the spinal cord of aged rats. This unprecedented result may be a key indicator of how VCR may be more neurotoxic to old compared to young individuals, also demonstrating a mechanism that potentially triggers peripheral neuropathy in the elderly. The cover image was generated using Image Creator from Microsoft Designer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Held within a biohazard symbol, immunofluorescent images of motor neurons illustrate their response to increasing doses of the persistent organic pollutant cis-chlordane. Human iPSC-derived motor neurons are labeled with the neuron-specific microtubule marker Tuj1 (top, green; right, orange; and left, red) and the motor-neuron-identifying transcriptional factor Islet1 (yellow for all). Top, control motor neurons; right, mid-dose of cis-chlordane; and right, high dose of cis-chlordane.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,"Inhibition of demyelination of neurons was observed in the animal brains receiving dimethyl-fumarate-loaded lipid-based nanoparticles in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. The microphotographs of the brain slides stained with 1% luxol fast blue show vivid staining of the myelin sheath, indicating enhanced neuronal uptake of nanoparticle-encapsulated drug compared to that of plain drug. Luxol fast blue staining appeared as blue regions in the brain slides. Art Designer: Dr. Naveen Kaushal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_8.txt,sbert,2018_8.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.png,D,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"Photoactive edible coatings were developed using curcumin as a photosensitizer and blue light, to reduce fungal decay in strawberries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Purple tomatoes (available in the USA) on a background of red and yellow snaking tomatoes. Photograph Eugenio Butelli and Phil Robison.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_391,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_391.png,C,ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that highlights new insights in G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) to G protein signaling. The image shows the GPCR-activated G protein cycle. [Image: Preininger and Hamm/Sci. STKE],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_423.txt,multiBv1,9_423.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how day length modulates the behavioral effects of estrogens. [Image: J. Foxx/Getty Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_406.txt,ave_3,2007_406.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on ubiquitination of the estrogen receptor by the BRCA1 complex. The image depicts a model of BRCA1 involvement in estrogen receptor ubiquitination. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_391.txt,groundtruth,2007_391.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes the characterization of structurally redesigned estrogens that provide metabolic and vascular benefits with less risk of cancer. The image shows the structure of one of these redesigned estrogens inside the Venus symbol. [Image: chaofann, iStockphoto.com, for the Venus symbol; John A. Katzenellenbogen, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for the drug structure]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_429.txt,allv2,9_429.txt,val
Molecular Plant,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_2.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_13.txt,ave_2,17_13.txt,"On The Cover A vast majority of land plants form symbiotic relationships in their roots with arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In this issue, He et al. show that an LysM receptor heteromer
consisting of OsMYR1 and OsCERK1 mediates the perception of AM fungi in rice. The
cover image shows a cross section of a plant root with AM fungi (green) in the cortex.
Image by: Xiaowei Zhang and Ertao Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/12_1.txt,sbert,12_1.txt,"On the cover: Pathogens and their hosts are engaged in an ever-evolving arms race. Host pattern-recognition
receptors detect invading fungi and recruit adaptor proteins to initiate a signaling
cascade that ultimately triggers immune responses. In maize, the plasma-membrane-localized
receptor ZmWAK recognizes an unknown signature from the fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum and relays the phosphorylation signal to the cytoplastic kinase ZmSnRK1α2, thereby
facilitating its translocation into the nucleus for promoting the degradation of ZmWRKY53.
The reduced accumulation of ZmWRKY53, in turn, causes the downregulated expression
of transmembrane transporter genes, thereby restricting nutrient acquisition by Sporisorium reilianum in the apoplasts. Therefore, the ZmWAK-SnRK1α2-WRKY53 signaling module underlies
quantitative resistance to head smut disease in maize. The cover portrays this host-pathogen
conflict with a personified depiction, showing the soldiers in battle defending their
supplies with a strategic counterattack against the enemies. Image by Mingzhu Yan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_12.txt,allv2,17_12.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_7.png,A,"Interactions between algae and the phycosome may impact the productivity
of industrial cultures. This fluorescence microscopy image of an aggregate of Chlorella sp.
SLA-04 and its phycosome underlines the ecological complexity of xenic algal cultures.
In
pages 680-698 of this issue, Miller and colleagues highlight the current understanding
of
the phycosome and some future directions for taking advantage of phycosome ecology
in
production systems. Cover image taken by Isaac Miller at the Center for Biofilm Engineering
in the Imaging Core Facility.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,"Seaweed cultivation is the largest aquaculture industry by annual mass production,
supporting a range of industries including food, cosmetics, and animal feed. In pages
545–556 of this issue, Li and colleagues discuss technologies to manipulate the seaweed
microbiota. Beneficial to seaweed from microbial interactions include increased nutrient
availability, faster growth rates, and improved disease resistance. Cover image from
Getty Images/Brent Durand.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/41_9.txt,multiBv1,41_9.txt,"Algae are attractive targets for metabolic engineering to synthesize biofuels and
high value products. Predictive design will require a thorough understanding of algal
metabolism and the genes involved. Although many algal genomes have been sequenced,
annotation remains a challenge and there needs to be a concerted effort between bioinformatics
and metabolic modeling to improve predictive power. In pages 617–626 of this issue,
Reijnders and colleagues discuss an integrated approach for combining bioinformatics,
systems biology, and metabolic engineering to propel algal biotechnology forward.
Cover image(s) from iStockPhoto/micro_photo and /edfuentesg and /selensergen with
cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/32_1.txt,allv2,32_1.txt,"On pages 542–549, Malcata reviews recent research, development efforts and short-comings
of microalgal biofuels. The review tackles otherwise scarcely mentioned issues such
as heterotrophic versus autotrophic metabolism, alkane versus glyceride synthesis,
conduction versus bubbling of CO2, and excretion versus accumulation of lipids. Besides
promising solutions that have been hypothesized and arise from multidisciplinary approaches,
the review also considers less conventional ones. Microalgae and biofuels hold a promising
partnership, but competitive technology is not expected before the end of this decade.
The need for an order of magnitude productivity increase requires novel apparati and
transformed cells. Cover image from iStockPhoto and cover design by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/29_2.txt,ave_3,29_2.txt,train
Cell Reports,44_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/44_3.png,C,"On the cover: In this image, Jones et al. show a confocal micrograph of an immunohistochemically
labelled human neuromuscular junction from the soleus muscle. The image highlights
presynaptic 2H3/SV2 proteins (green) and postsynaptic AChRs (red). Image is by Ross
Jones and Tom Gillingwater.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/21_5.txt,ave_1,21_5.txt,"On the cover: Bernabò et al. analyzed translation in a mouse model of spinal muscular
atrophy (SMA) and identified translation defects that arise early in pathogenesis
and are accompanied by a low number of axonal ribosomes in diseased nerves. Their
findings highlight ribosome biology as a central hallmark of the disease. The naked
trees in the picture resemble the axons of SMA motor neurons, deprived of red foliage
symbolizing ribosomes. The illustration is by Toma Tebaldi, based on a painting by
Antonietta Bellini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/21_10.txt,sbert,21_10.txt,"On the cover: A section of murine soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, distinguished
by their fiber composition and exhibiting varying levels of vulnerability throughout
the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Spatial biology unveils opportunities
to explore the cellular and molecular networks underlying neuromuscular diseases.
Ruggieri et al. identify polyamines as key determinants of muscle fiber susceptibility in ALS, offering
insights into the mechanisms driving muscle atrophy in this disease. Image credit:
Luca Madaro and Veronica Ruggieri.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/44_3.txt,groundtruth,44_3.txt,"On the cover: Murgia et al. use mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to study human
muscle aging at the level of single cellular units, the muscle fibers. Muscles are
composed of slow and fast fiber types, which are shown in this cross-section of a
human biopsy stained with isoform-specific anti-myosin antibodies. Different fiber
types undergo distinct structural and metabolic changes as we age. Image by Dr. Stefano
Ciciliot.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/19_3.txt,allv2,19_3.txt,train
Immunity,57_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_7.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Flamar et al. report that qualitative differences between
natural and inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) can in part be attributed
to expression of the metabolic enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph1). Upon exposure
to interleukin-33 (IL-33) or helminths, natural ILC2 increase expression of Tph1,
which in turn drives their differentiation into inflammatory ILC2. The latter express
a cassette of gene transcripts associated with both immune activation and suppression
including ICOS. Blocking of ICOS or deficiency of Tph1 in ILC2 impaired the ability
to expel helminth infection. The image depicts IL-33 (green) in the nucleus (blue)
of podoplanin-expressing stromal cells (red) of the epididymis that is embedded in
visceral adipose tissue (large octagonal purple cells). Image courtesy of Tanel Mahlakõiv
and David Artis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/52_3.txt,allv2,52_3.txt,"On the cover: An intact epithelial barrier is critical for maintaining intestinal
homeostasis at the level of mucosal immune function and host-microbial interactions.
Dupaul-Chicoin et al. (pages 367–378) demonstrate that caspase 1 and 12 each play
critical but opposing roles in restoring mucosal homeostasis during colonic inflammation.
The cover shows epifluorescence staining of the epithelial lining of the ascending
colon. Mucins and other glycoproteins containing primarily fucose residues were stained
with the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1, whereas those with sialic acid residues
were detected with wheat germ agglutinin (green); DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear
counterstain. Micrograph by Kirk S.B. Bergstrom. See also Zaki et al. (pages 379–391)
and Siegmund (pages 300–302).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/32_4.txt,ave_1,32_4.txt,"On the cover: The intestines and lungs are two mucosal surfaces within the body that
directly interface with beneficial as well as potentially harmful environmental agents.
How the immune system modulates these interactions to maintain a defensive barrier
without unleashing excessive and potentially harmful inflammation is an important
question facing immunologists. In this special feature, we review recent advances
in research on how immune homeostasis is maintained at these interfaces and also how
this balance can be disrupted during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma.
Strober (pages 377–388) discusses innate responses to gut microflora by dendritic
cells (DCs), and Maynard and Weaver (pages 389–400) highlight our current understanding
of effector CD4+ T cell induction and dysregulation in IBD. Barnes and Powrie (pages 401–411) focus
on the generation and function of regulatory T cells in the gut, and Hooper and colleagues
(pages 368–376) draw attention to the diverse microbial communities within the intestine,
and the nature of host-microbial interactions in the gut lumen. Neurath and Finotto
(pages 357–361) provide an overview of the above discussions, linking them to implications
for clinical treatment for IBD. Lambrecht and Hammad (pages 412–424) lead off the
lung mucosal immunity section by summarizing our current understanding of how lung
epithelia and DCs contribute to the induction of asthma, and Barrett and Austen (pages
425–437) discuss effector cells and their generation in this complex disease. Lloyd
and Hawrylowicz (pages 438–449) examine regulatory T cell control of lung homeostasis,
and Holgate and Davies (pages 362–367) place the above reviews in context, with clinical
implications for asthma treatment. © iStockphoto.com/Eraxion]",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/31_4.txt,sbert,31_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Billipp et al. report the identification of a circuit wherein, upon detection of helminth infection,
tuft cells secrete acetylcholine that acts on neighboring epithelial cells to stimulate
chloride secretion. This then promotes the “weep” response and restricts helminth
infection, independently of other type 2 cells. The sentinel and effector functions
of epithelial tuft cells in host defense in the intestine are illustrated in the form
of Roman soldiers, where the apical “tuft” of microvilli are the plume on the centurion’s
helmet. An accompanying paper by Ndjim, Gasmi, Herbert, et al. reports similar findings.
Cover image by Lauren Hostette.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_7.txt,groundtruth,57_7.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_12.png,A,Membrane-spanning α-helical peptide pores for single-molecule sensing.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Peptoid nanosheets are a protein-mimetic 2D nanomaterial that can be readily synthesized and functionalized.  The peptoid chains adopt a stable σ sheet bilayer structure, which allows the nanosheets to freely float in water.  Their",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_10.txt,allv2,2016_10.txt,Peptidomimetic foldamers have potential as non-biodegradable compounds in materials or biomedical sciences. The cover shows two high-resolution structures of helical,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_3.txt,multiBv1,2015_3.txt,"Flexibility is an interesting feature mainly found in molecule-based porous materials, such as metal",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.png,C,"The terrestrial biosphere stores carbon in a land carbon sink, offsetting emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. This Review demonstrates that the magnitude of the land carbon sink has increased over time, but that its stability in the future is less clear and depends on effective implementation of nature-based solutions.
Image credit: Surasak Suwanmake/ Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_5.txt,ave_3,4_5.txt,"Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows have historically been lost or degraded, threatening their ability to store carbon and provide ecosystem services. This Review details the global potential of blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration in climate change mitigation, through carbon sequestration and co-benefit production. See Macreadie et al. [link to ‘Macreadie et al’ 10.1038/s43017-021-00224-1]
Image: Marie Hickman/Getty Images. Cover design: Denis Mallet.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"Degradation and loss of blue carbon ecosystems contributes to climate change, weakens coastal protection and threatens biodiversity. This Perspective outlines the actions required to achieve goals to restore and protect these ecosystems.
Image credit: Vincent Pommeyrol/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"Anthropogenic climate change and environmental deterioration are driving global degradation of coral reefs. This Review examines how the natural adaptive capacity of coral holobionts can be harnessed and expanded to counter ongoing coral loss. See Voolstra et al.
Image: David Fleetham/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_2.txt,ave_2,2_2.txt,val
Nature Photonics,18_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_11.png,B,"Focus on frequency combs
Photograph of integrated ring resonator circuitry that is used to generate quantum frequency combs.
See Moss et al.
Image: INRS UOP, Stéphanie Thibault. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_10.txt,ave_2,13_10.txt,"Ultrafast dual-comb spectroscopy
An artistic image of a dual-frequency comb that is generated by using an optical parametric oscillator to convert a pair of near-infrared combs into the mid-infrared. The generated combs enable nanosecond-timescale spectroscopy for probing the ultrafast dynamics found in supersonic gas jets, explosions and chemical kinetics.
See Long et al.
Image: Brad Baxley, Part to Whole, LLC. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_11.txt,groundtruth,18_11.txt,"Ultrafast Rydberg interactions
Artistic impression of the dipole–dipole interactions between two closely spaced, optically trapped Rydberg atoms that have been excited by a laser pulse. As such interactions are ultrafast and coherent they are promising for realizing a quantum gate.
See Chew et al. and Xu and Zhan
Image: Takafumi Tomita, Institute for Molecular Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/16_3.txt,ave_3,16_3.txt,"Tri-comb spectroscopy
Artist’s impression of triple-frequency-comb laser spectroscopy. Three different repetition-rate frequency combs are used to generate a high-resolution multidimensional coherent spectrum of a mixture of 87Rb and 85Rb isotopes in under one second. The approach is promising for remote chemical sensing applications.
See Cundiff et al.
Image: Brad Baxley, Part to Whole. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/12_2.txt,allv2,12_2.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_6.png,A,"The scoop on γTuRC
Studies by Aher et al. and Dendooven et al. reveal the structure of the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) and show that it acts as a perfect template for 13-protofilament microtubules during nucleation.
See Aher et al. and Dendooven et al.
Image credit: Olivia Grigorita/500px/Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,"Exocyst complex structure
The structure of the fully assembled yeast exocyst complex, which tethers secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane during exocytosis, provides new insights into complex assembly and the mechanism of vesicle tethering.
See Mei et al. 25, 139-146 (2018)
Image: Jose A. Bernat Bacete. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_11.txt,allv2,25_11.txt,"Opening up T-box RNA
Structural elucidation of T-box–tRNA complexes provides new insights into the mechanisms of tRNA decoding and aminoacylation sensing by T-box riboswitches.
See Li, Su et al., Battaglia et al., Suddala and Zhang
Image: composite by Erin Dewalt using image from Yevgen Romanenko / Moment / Getty and structures of T-box–tRNA complex in ribbon representation prepared by Jacob Weaver and Alexander Serganov. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_1.txt,sbert,26_1.txt,"Remodeling membranes into phagophore-like cups
Using multiple imaging techniques, both in vitro and in vivo, Mohan, Moparthi et al. show that LCB3 works with the ATG121–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex to remodel flat membranes into membrane cups, providing insights into membrane remodeling processes needed for phagophore formation in non-selective autophagy.
See Mohan, Moparthi et al.
Image: Ann Manner / DigitalVision / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.txt,multiBv1,31_4.txt,test
NATURE ENERGY,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_7.png,C,"Spend time outdoors
Outdoor testing is key to the electrical characterization of solar cells as their performance in the field could differ to that under laboratory conditions. After extensive tests in a hot and sunny climate, Aydin et al. show that the bandgap of the perovskite absorber that maximizes the efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandems in the field is lower than that determined in the lab.
See Aydin et al.
Image: Erkan Aydin, KAUST. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_2.txt,ave_3,5_2.txt,"Damp-proofing perovskites
Perovskite solar cells have recently taken centre stage in photovoltaic research thanks to their high efficiency in converting solar radiation into electricity. However, they are affected by poor stability, partly caused by moisture. Yang et al. now report a water-resistant layer that protects the surface of the perovskite device from moisture in high-humidity environments.
See Yang et al. 1, 15016 (2016).
IMAGE: Huagui Yang.COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,"Solar-powered drones
Demonstration of high performance, upscaling and product integration for perovskite photovoltaics is key to advancing the technology. Through engineering of the photoactive layer and substrate, Hailegnaw et al. show lightweight perovskite solar cells with improved specific power and operational stability, as well as integration into a drone for self-powered flights.
See Hailegnaw et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Stepan Demchyshyn and Christoph Putz, SoMaP, JKU Linz. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,"Perovskites take to the field
Demonstration of manufacturability and outdoor operation of large-scale perovskite solar cells is key to improving their technological maturity. Now, Pescetelli et al. fabricate a large number of perovskite photovoltaic modules and integrate them into a 4.5-m2 outdoor solar farm, whose operation is monitored for 12 months.
See Pescetelli et al. , Research Briefing and News and Views by Silverman and Schelhas
Image: George Viskadouros and Emmanuel Kymakis, Hellenic Mediterranean University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_6.txt,allv2,7_6.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_9.png,C,"Protective progenitors
Zhang et al. identify functionally distinct adipose progenitor subpopulations in mouse perigonadal adipose tissue, and go on to show that altering the adipogenic capacity of such progenitors has beneficial effects on metabolic health in adulthood. The cover image depicts a haematoxylin and eosin stain of a transverse section of the mouse gonadal region three days after birth.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Qianbin Zhang, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_5.txt,multiBv1,4_5.txt,"Embryonic metabolism
The metabolic landscape of early murine embryo development is reconstructed, which provides insight into the metabolic processes associated with the transition of cells from totipotency to pluripotency.
See Zhao, Yao, Yu, Zhang, Xu et al.
Image: Sebastian Kaulitzki / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"Fasting proteome
Seven days of complete caloric restriction in humans leads to profound adaptations of the plasma proteome. The illustration is an artistic representation of changes in the proteome after prolonged fasting in humans.
See Pietzner et al.
Image: Saskia Beuchel. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,allv2,6_5.txt,test
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_7.png,C,Cell-based therapies are becoming an important part of clinical practice. These therapies often involve modifications of surface of cells. Fluorescent Indocarbocyanine lipid painting technology described in this issue allows rapid and efficient insertion of biomolecules into the plasma membrane. Lipids of different fluorescence spectra are modified with antibodies via click chemistry and added to cells. This painting is more efficient than using phospholipids and allows tracking of multiple inserted molecules in the cell membrane.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2019_5.txt,sbert,2019_5.txt,"Biofunctional biomaterials aim to positively interact with the host and through their biophysical, biochemical and/or biological cargo to stimulate the innate reparative machinery, thereby promoting functional repair and regeneration. To this end, biomaterial-based carriers (e.g., particles, spheres), chemical systems (e.g., dendrimers, stimuli responsive polymers) and biological molecules (e.g., peptides) are at the forefront of scientific and technological research and innovation. Images have been adapted from the following papers: (1) Chan et al., Synthetic strategies for engineering intravenous hemostats; (2) Leiro et al., The present and the future of degradable dendrimers and derivatives in theranostics; (3) Fontana et al., Three-dimensional microgel platform for the production of cell factories tailored for the nucleus pulposus; (4) Wu et al., Dendrimers in medicine: Therapeutic concepts and pharmaceutical challenges; (5) Liu et al., Rationally engineering phototherapy modules of eosin-conjugated responsive polymeric nanocarriers via intracellular endocytic pH gradients; (6) Gong et al., Releasable conjugation of polymers to proteins; (7) Son et al., Magnetofection mediated transient NANOG overexpression enhances proliferation and myogenic differentiation of human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells; (8) Samorezov et al., Dual ionic and photo-cross-linked alginate hydrogels for micropatterned spatial control of material properties and cell behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_6.txt,multiBv1,2015_6.txt,"Our study introduces an innovative therapeutic approach using advanced ultradeformable particles (UDPs), specifically transethosomes, to deliver silver sulfadiazine (SSD) and vitamin E (VE) for bacterial-infected wound healing. This synergistic method significantly reduces the bacterial burden within the wound microenvironment, offering a promising strategy for addressing complications in skin injuries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The drawing depicts microspheres formed from highly-homogeneous Tetra-PEG hydrogels that serve as subcutaneous depots for a novel drug delivery system. Drugs – peptides, proteins, or small molecules – are covalently attached to the hydrogel backbone by self-cleaving",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_8.txt,allv2,2016_8.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_6.png,B,"Versatile multiscale imaging of cleared tissues
On the cover, an optically cleared mouse brain imaged with a hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope.
See Glaser et al.
Image: Adam Glaser, University of Washington. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_8.txt,sbert,19_8.txt,"Tissue histology in 3D
c-Fos+ neuronal mapping of whole mouse brains using DELiVR reveals cancer-induced brain activity changes.
See Kaltenecker et al.
Image: Ali Maximilian Ertürk, Luciano Jan Höher, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,Pseudocolored mouse brain after tissue clearing with uDISCO. Cover image by Ruiyao Cai and Ali Ertürk; edited by Erin Dewalt.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/13_3.txt,allv2,13_3.txt,Collage of images depicting immunohistochemistry stains in mouse brain sections. Photograph courtesy or Ari Waisman; artistic adaptation by Erin Boyle following suggestions by Saskia Hemmers. Article p 419,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/2_7.txt,ave_3,2_7.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_3.png,B,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,ave_2,1_4.txt,"Quantifying 15-minute cities
Quantifying the potential to achieve 15-minute cities, Bruno et al. measure the proximity time to access essential services and amenities across global cities. The 3D maps of Rome, Fortaleza, Nairobi, Mumbai, Hanoi and Bogotá show population density as the height of the bars, and blue, yellow and red as high, medium and low levels of accessibility.
See Bruno et al.
Image: Matteo Bruno, Sony Computer Science Laboratories - Rome. Hygor Piaget Monteiro Melo, Sony Computer Science Laboratories – Rome. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.png,A,The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Model of a covalent DNA-platinum adduct (purple) occupying the same site as the known therapeutic topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitor etoposide (yellow).  The covalent DNA-phenanthriplatin adducts differ from classical Top2 poisons used as anticancer agents, which typically exert their action by reversible binding at the interface of the Top2-DNA cleavage complex (Top2 homodimer shaded in gray and DNA in green). Art Designers: Dr. Evgeny Kiselev and Dr. Yves Pommier, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2016_2.txt,multiBv1,2016_2.txt,"A fluorosulfate inhibitor of the mRNA decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS covalently targets a non-catalytic serine residue in the binding site. Image Credit: Lyn Jones, Jeff Ward, iconfinder.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_5.txt,ave_3,2017_5.txt,"Type II inhibitors are located in a biological space delimited by protein kinase sequences and a kinase structure. Discriminant residue positions identified by the proteometric model are highlighted. Art designers: Nicolas Bosc, Pascal Bonnet, and Jean-Sébastien Loiseau.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2015_1.txt,allv2,2015_1.txt,train
Biophysical Journal,124_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_1.png,B,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_5.txt,allv2,124_5.txt,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_1.txt,groundtruth,124_1.txt,"Cover picture: Signaling cascades initiated through cell-ECM and cell-cell contacts integrate biophysical
and chemical stimuli and regulate the levels of nuclear YAP/TAZ, which in turn direct
diverse transcriptional programs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/110_2.txt,ave_2,110_2.txt,"Cover picture: Cells can translate mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) into intracellular
chemical signaling. One pathway by which such mechanotransduction occurs is a signaling
axis that begins with cell adhesions on the cell-ECM interface and continues through
a cascade of chemical reactions, which leads to nuclear translocation of the Yes-associated
protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. In this cover image,
the colored lights (blue and purple lines) represent the general mechano-signal transmission
from cell adhesions to the nucleus for different types of cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/122_25.txt,ave_3,122_25.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_29,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.png,A,A mathematical model has been developed based on boundary-forming points in a solid–solid–liquid ternary phase diagram for tie-line prediction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.txt,groundtruth,2024_29.txt,Structure–interaction–dissolubility relationships within various MeSH–solvent systems were revealed through computational investigation coupled with solubility measurement. A,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_32.txt,ave_2,2022_32.txt,"–brine systems support the prediction of equilibrium, interfacial, and transport properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_11.txt,ave_3,2022_11.txt,A methodology termed “quasi-ternary phase diagram” was devised to serve as a foundation in process design of solvent-mediated physical separation of a multicomponent solid mixture.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_27,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_27.png,D,Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_23.txt,ave_3,2023_23.txt,"Morphology controlled, low bandgap nanoneedles of nickel cobaltite were successfully developed for the photocatalytic treatment of toxic wastewater.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_40.txt,sbert,2022_40.txt,"A novel type of photocatalyst-immobilized gel bead with interconnected macropores, which is designed and fabricated with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as the photocatalysts and calcium alginate as the gel matrix, is successfully developed for the efficient removal of pollutants in water via visible photocatalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_28.txt,allv2,2021_28.txt,A visible light photocatalyst-triggered Click reaction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_27.txt,groundtruth,2024_27.txt,test
Cell Stem Cell,31_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_6.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Chen et al. (621–634) show that BMI1+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive invasive growth and lymph node metastases in squamous
cell carcinoma. Combining drugs that target BMI1+ CSCs and bulk tumors yields better survival outcomes and effectively eliminates metastases.
The cover image depicts the moon as a tumor simultaneously attacked by two rockets:
one targeting BMI1+ cancer stem cells (as signified by CSCs in the crosshatch) and the other targeting
the tumor bulk (with Cisplantin, or CPT). This allusion to a “cancer moonshot” for
combatting tumors was conceived by Bo Yu and Cun-Yu Wang and illustrated by Liu Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/20_2.txt,sbert,20_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Landau, Zhao, et al. demonstrate that incorporating pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages restores
cell-circuit interactions, enabling enhanced contractility and stable vascularization
of engineered cardiac tissues. Through single-cell sequencing, the authors demonstrate
that primitive macrophages act on stromal cells to enhance their angiogenic potential
in cardiac tissues. Shown in the image as construction workers, macrophages contribute
through both direct physical interactions and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
This results in the development of functional, perfusable vasculature, as evidenced
by the flowing blue beads in the vessel network. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_5.txt,allv2,31_5.txt,"On the cover: This month’s cover art comes from the Yamanaka group and highlights
our Special Reviews feature on Clinical Translation and Regeneration. While stem cells
provide dynamic models in the laboratory with which to understand basic biology of
developing and adult systems, their power lies in translational applications, including
their administration as cellular therapeutics in human disease. In this issue, we
highlight the current status of efforts in aspects of regenerative medicine where
stem cells are either administered or recruited and also touch upon the development
of specific international regulatory frameworks for stem cell therapeutics. Featured
on the cover is a Perspective by Shinya Yamanaka (523–531), who reviews two decades
of research related to pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapies and discusses the
major challenges encountered. In the image, human cells, organs, and DNA are portrayed
as in a paper mobile. Each column shows a differentiation flow from pluripotent stem
cell to a targeted cell, and then to a transplanted organ. Artwork by Misaki Ouchida.
Image courtesy of the author.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/27_3.txt,multiBv1,27_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shen et al. establish feasible methodologies that significantly improve the production and function
of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophages (hPSC-CAR-Ms) for cancer immunotherapy.
In the image, the macrophage (in yellow) represents a repolarized activated hPSC-CAR-M.
The hPSC-CAR-M waves a knife, fork, and spoon to kill and eat tumor cells (in red).
Moreover, the hPSC-CAR-M has recruited T cells (in blue) to synergistically destroy
the tumor cells. Cover art by Jun Shen and Wenxi Ye.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_6.txt,groundtruth,31_6.txt,test
Immunity,57_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_5.png,D,"On the cover: T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) encounter their
target antigen on the surface of tumor cells. Relative differences in metabolic programming
induced by signaling domains derived from either 4-1BB or CD28 provide mechanistic
insight into their efficacy. Kawalekar et al. (380–390) show that 4-1BB endows CAR-T
cells with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis yielding central memory cells with enhanced
spare respiratory capacity and persistence in vitro. In contrast, CAR-T cells expressing
CD28 signaling domains yielded effector memory cells with a glycolytic phenotype.
The cover illustrates T cells (yellow) expressing CARs (brown wrench) engaging antigen-bearing
tumor cells (bottom left). CAR activation regulates cellular metabolism through mitochondrial
adaptations. The purple T cells in the background indicate central memory cells yielded
via metabolic reprogramming. Cover design by Dr. Lili Guo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/44_5.txt,allv2,44_5.txt,"On the cover: Mitochondria are central to the metabolic state of a cell. van der Windt
et al. (pages 68–78) show that mitochondrial respiratory capacity is pivotal in the
survival of T cells after infection and in the subsequent development and response
of memory T cells. The cover shows a stylized image of epifluorescence staining of
CD8+ T cells in which mitochondria are stained with mitotracker red (accumulates in respiring
mitochondria), mitotracker green (stains mitochondrial mass), or JC-1 (fluoresces
green or red, when membrane potential is low or high, respectively). The diverse pattern
of mitochondrial staining indicates the heterogeneity of these organelles. Original
confocal images by Mike Tighe. Image was stylized by Rianne van der Windt and Erika
Pearce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/36_6.txt,ave_2,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Innate immune memory is a phenomenon whereby past inflammatory responses
lead to establishment of epigenetic memory that affects secondary immune responses.
In this issue, Lercher et al. demonstrate that past SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) infection facilitates antiviral innate immune
memory in alveolar macrophages (AMs), which is necessary and sufficient to ameliorate
disease caused by the unrelated respiratory virus influenza A virus (IAV). This is
illustrated by initial infection with SARS2 (top left; teal virus), leading to epigenetic
remodeling of naive AMs (purple) and formation of memory AMs (teal) that are better
equipped to limit disease caused by secondary IAV (bottom right; pink virus). Image
credit: Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_2.txt,sbert,57_2.txt,"On the cover: Memory B cells (MBCs) underlie long-lived humoral immunity and are key
to the efficacy of prime-boost vaccines. In this issue, Wang et al. report that MBCs differ in their recall ability and that expression of the transcription
regulator ZFP318, which regulates expression of mitochondrial genes, defines MBCs
with high recall ability. The role of ZFP318 in preventing mitochondrial wear-and-tear
and reactivation-induced cell death is illustrated in the form of a fueling station,
providing sustenance to a car on a long journey. Cover image by: Xiaonan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_5.txt,groundtruth,57_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.png,A,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.png,C,"'Super-antibodies' by Simon Bradbrook, inspired by the Review on p297.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/18_8.txt,ave_3,18_8.txt,"‘Antibody diversification’, inspired by the Review on 355
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_7.txt,ave_2,19_7.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.png,A,"Endotheliitis and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID
Thomas et al. use thrombotic vascular tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids to show that COVID-19-induced vascular endotheliitis and cytokine release disrupt endothelial–cardiomyocyte crosstalk and contribute to cardiac dysfunction in long COVID.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Christina Wu, freelance illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Macrophages improve the function of engineered cardiac microtissue
Hamidzada et al. show that after integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages into human cardiac microtissue, they adopt the resident fate and improve microtissue function by ingesting stressed cardiomyocytes or their cargo by efferocytosis.
See Hamidzada et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"COVID-19 and atherosclerosis
Eberhardt et al. describe how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells within human atherosclerotic lesions, triggering plaque inflammation that contributes to acute cardiovascular complications and long-term risks in patients with COVID-19.
See Eberhardt et al.
Image: Katie Vicari. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,train
Current Biology,34_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_15.png,C,"On the cover: Plant cell walls are the primary defense line standing against pathogen
attacks. In this issue, Gavrin et al. (pages 4165–4176) report that subtle alterations
of the cell wall can be decisive for pathogen infection success and disease. Cell
wall establishment relies on the secretion and deposition of its main building blocks,
the polysaccharides. Their delivery is provided by endomembrane trafficking processes
and the actin cytoskeleton, an omnipresent cellular net of actin filaments and associated
proteins. The Medicago truncatula SCAR/WAVE complex protein API controls actin cytoskeleton dynamics in roots. Cells
lacking API show attenuated trafficking and establish walls with altered biochemical
properties, rendering them more resistant to infection by an oomycete pathogen. The
cover image shows a scanning confocal micro-graph of Medicago root hairs double stained with ActinGreen to visualize actin filaments and propidium
iodide to highlight cell walls. Image by Aleksandr Gavrin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_4.txt,allv2,30_4.txt,"On the cover: The image shows an Arabidopsis cotyledon, where the plasma membrane YFP reporter highlights the outline of cell
shapes. A narrow portion at the base contains petiole cells (red) that are highly
elongated and contain aligned microtubules that are maintained by severing at specific
sites. The jagged pavement cells (green) contain net-like microtubule arrays that
arise by greatly reducing the level of severing. In this issue, Wightman, Turner,
et al. (pages 1902–1907) show that the aligned or net-like arrays arise through the
regulation of the katanin severing enzyme by a microtubule binding protein, SPIRAL2,
and that changes in the dynamic behavior of SPIRAL2 effectively control the access
of katanin to its substrate. Image by Raymond Wightman.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_6.txt,sbert,23_6.txt,"On the cover: Confocal micrograph of an Arabidopsis thaliana seedling, 20 h post germination. The seed coat is still partially covering the cotyledons.
The plasma membrane is shown in magenta and the nuclei in green. In this issue, Bou Daher et al. show that xyloglucan, a cell wall polysaccharide, plays an important role in hypocotyl
emergence and root penetration in the soil during early seedling development. The
lack of xyloglucan affects the biochemical, structural, and mechanical properties
of the cell wall and induces a reduction in turgor pressure, leading to a compromised
seedling establishment. Image by Firas Bou Daher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_15.txt,groundtruth,34_15.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a confocal projection of an Arabidopsis shoot apex mutant for the MONOPTEROS (MP) gene, but rescued for MP expression specifically in the epidermis (magenta). The
lack of MP expression in sub-epidermal cells results in auxin concentration maxima
that shift laterally, which triggers organ formation in a spiral pattern. The image
also shows expression of the auxin efflux transporter PIN1 (green). Periodic organ
formation in plants involves the formation of convergent cell polarity patterns that
help to concentrate auxin at organ initiation sites. In this issue, Bhatia et al.
(pages 3202–3208) show that localized MP-mediated auxin signaling orients these cell
polarity patterns non-cell autonomously. Image provided by Neha Bhatia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_2.txt,ave_2,26_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_6.png,D,"2018), an outstanding scientist and crystallographer with a warm personality. The authors acknowledge Siting Ni for creation of this artwork, used by permission",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_6.txt,allv2,2019_6.txt,"Fingerprint plots, packing diagrams, and molecular structure from trifluorotoluenesulfonyl crystal structures arranged in a Space Invaders theme (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_2.txt,multiBv1,2019_2.txt,"Crystal engineering actively explores supramolecular control strategies to construct functional materials. An emerging approach relies on the concept of long-range synthon Aufbau modules (LSAMs) to transfer a “large synthon” from one structure to another. The strategy was used to transfer known supramolecular synthons from trihalophenols into cocrystals with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. The cocrystals are photoreactive and undergo single-crystal reactivity (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 2511–2518).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_8.txt,sbert,2019_8.txt,Expanding the sparsely populated library of lanthanide MOF crystal structures is building a knowledge treasure trove that will ultimately inform material design and application. This graphic was generated with help from Google Gemini.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_11.png,C,"On the cover: Understanding human genetic diversity can elucidate critical host-pathogen
interactions. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Gibbs et al. leveraged a cellular genome-wide association study to discover that
variation across a chromosome 1 locus was associated with intracellular replication
of Salmonella Typhi and regulated protein abundance of human mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2), a divalent cation
channel. Mechanistic studies revealed that MCOLN2 restricts S. Typhi replication via magnesium deprivation, demonstrating that natural human genetic
diversity leads to variable nutritional immunity. The cover art is titled “Revealing
the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.” One strand of DNA is shown with nucleotides
from the MCOLN2 locus, including an associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. Salmonella forms the second strand of DNA, symbolizing the microbe's evolutionary pressure and
genetic interaction with the host genome, down to even a single nucleotide. Artist:
Trisha Dalapati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"On the cover: Intratumor heterogeneity in lung cancer is associated with treatment
failure and drug resistance. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wu et. al. characterize spatial patterns of intratumor heterogeneity by leveraging
histopathology-guided proteomic analysis, multiplexed imaging, and single-cell DNA
copy number sequencing. The cover depicts conventional H&E-stained tissue images of
a lung adenocarcinoma (bottom right), blending into a multiplexed image of an adjacent
tissue section stained for immune (red) and tumor (white) cells, smooth muscle (magenta),
and the nuclei of proliferating cells (green) that illustrate the molecular features
of the tumor microenvironment.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_5.txt,multiBv1,2_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Xu et al. present their findings that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-host genetic interaction predisposes
susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This EBV-related cancer, though
rare in most parts of the world, is highly endemic in southern China. Illustrated
on the cover, the red virus and double-stranded DNA symbols capture the strong interaction
between the high-risk subtype of EBV and susceptible HLA alleles. This interaction
is the major determinant of NPC risk among southern Chinese populations. The cover
art was created by the artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Jin et al. present a series of articles based on sequencing data from non-invasive
prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnant women, focusing on multiple phenotypes and diseases.
The cover image represents these articles. On the left is the silhouette of a pregnant
woman; surrounding the fetus in her womb are the radial rings of Manhattan plots,
representing the main content of this series as genome-wide association studies based
on the pregnant woman's genome. The right side of the image contains a blood tube
with a DNA molecule leaping out of it, representing that the samples used in these
studies are from the cell-free DNA in the blood drawn from the pregnant woman's NIPT
examination. Artist credit: Huanhuan Zhu and Linxuan Li, authors from this series
of articles, jointly completed the conceptual design of this cover, with Linxuan Li
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_3.txt,allv2,4_3.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_10.png,A,"Many cognitive neuroscientists believe that complex cognition requires
a large brain and an isocortex. Yet despite having relatively small, non-cortical
brains,
corvids and parrots exhibit cognitive abilities that are comparable to smart mammals,
including great apes. Comparing the brains of “smart” mammals and “smart” birds
can help identify which brain features are necessary for complex cognition. In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Onur Güntürkün and colleagues compare the
brains of mammals and birds and propose four features that may represent hard-toreplace
mechanisms supporting complex cognition: a large number of associative
pallial neurons, a prefrontal cortex (PFC)-like area, a dense dopaminergic innervation
of association areas, and dynamic neurophysiological fundaments for working memory.
Cover image from TouTouke/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_10.txt,groundtruth,28_10.txt,"The frontal pole cortex (Brodmann area 10) appears to be unique to anthropoid primates,
and in humans it is the largest area in the prefrontal cortex, surpassing in size
and percentage of brain volume the homologous are in any of our closest relatives.
Size alone suggests that the frontal pole cortex is crucial in human cognition and
its evolution. Despite intense research, however, little is definitively known about
the functions of this brain region. On pages 169–176, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Aldo Genovesio
and Steven P. Wise argue that neurophysiological data from monkeys have important
implications for understanding the fundamental function and mechanism of this region.
Neurons in the monkey frontal pole cortex, which corresponds to the medial frontal
pole cortex in humans, appear to have the sole function of encoding chosen goals at
feedback time. By integrating these findings with neuroanatomical and neuroimaging
data, as well as what is known about other prefrontal areas, the authors suggest that
the frontal pole cortex could promote learning about which kinds of goals produce
particular outcomes, hence improving future choices. Although much more would be required
to account for the complexity of human cognition, an elaboration of the ability to
link behavioral outcomes to particular classes of goals and the processes that produce
them might be the kind of cognitive advance that drove the expansion of the frontal
pole cortex in the course of human evolution. Cover illustration by Paula Barragán
(http://www.paulabarragan.com/)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/15_10.txt,ave_2,15_10.txt,"Recent explanations for primate intelligence in general, and human intelligence in
particular, have focused on the role that social complexity plays in shaping cognition.
In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Alexandra Rosati explores how foraging challenges rather than social challenges
may shape primate cognition. She also highlights the ways in which humans face a unique
set of foraging challenges and discusses ways in which these challenges may shape
uniquely human cognitive capacities. Cover image courtesy of Alexandra Rosati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Güntürkün and Bugnyar discuss how the brains of birds and mammals evolved in parallel
for about 300 million years to achieve comparable cognitive abilities despite quite
different neural architectures, most notably the lack of an avian cortex. They present
anatomical and functional evidence that the avian pallium serves the functional role
of the layered mammalian cortex. Finally, they discuss how the commonalities between
avian and mammalian circuits may reveal the necessary ingredients to support intelligent
behavior. Cover photograph courtesy of Alexandru Munteanu (alexandrumunteanu.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_9.txt,allv2,20_9.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_2.png,A,"Charting tumor evolution with the Human Tumor Atlas Network
The Human Tumor Atlas Network explores tumor evolution in time and space by compiling integrative atlases of cellular, molecular and histological tumor features.
See Iglesia et al. , Zhu et al. and Esplin et al.
Image: Lilawa.com / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Understanding the complexities of cancer
Our inaugural issue highlights the complexities of cancer, featuring articles on cancer evolution, heterogeneity and population-specific disparities, identifying cancer drivers and the origins of metastasis-initiating cells. Highlighting diverse aspects of immunotherapy are studies on sensitizing tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade, improving predictors of response and devising therapeutic trispecific antibodies.
See Editorial
Image: concept by Lucia Morgado-Palacin. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_12.txt,multiBv1,1_12.txt,"Spotlight on Cancer Genomics
In this issue, we are launching a Series on Clinical Cancer Genomics, comprising commissioned articles that explore the role of genomics in cancer research and oncology and a selection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer.
See our March Editorial, the Review article by Cescon et al. and the Cancer in Translation article by Kreisberg et al.
Image: concept by Alexia-Ileana Zaromytidou, based on the original painting Circles in a Circle by Wassily Kandinsky, with circos plots reproduced with permission from Heller et al.. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_10.txt,sbert,1_10.txt,"Pan-cancer genomic landscapes of advanced tumors after therapy
Pleasance et al. report that the mutation spectrum in advanced and treated cancers varies substantially across tumor types and is shaped by external mutagens such as cancer therapies.
Each ellipse system represents the mutation spectrum of an individual patient in the POG570 cohort, with the opacity of each system representing the duration since the diagnosis of advanced disease. Each ellipse within a system depicts a specific base change, scaled by the number of mutations that exhibit that change and angled by the proportion of mutations in that sample that contribute to that change.
See Pleasance et al. and the News & Views article by Rheinbay
Image: Created by Emma Titmuss, art direction by Martin Krzywinski and inspired by the work of Christian Stolte. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.png,B,"Dietary fibre, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_8.txt,multiBv1,21_8.txt,"Food insecurity, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"Building a gut, inspired by the Review on p417
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,"Fermenting food, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p196.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_10.txt,sbert,18_10.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_3.png,C,"This cover describes biological functions  coordinated by cell-cell communication, where the sensing and receiving of chemical messages leads to population-level behaviors, and illustrates how microbial communities can be engineered to perform complex biological functions  and processes. Artwork by Jasmine Shong based on DOI: 10.1021/sb4000965.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2014_9.txt,allv2,2014_9.txt,The cover depicts a complex machine that generates new hues from combinations of primary colors. This process is analogous to the combinatorial engineering of biosynthetic genes to generate new molecules. Artwork by Marcela Vargas based on DOI: 10.1021/sb5003218.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_7.txt,multiBv1,2015_7.txt,Engineering living material for fragrance release.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover depicts the logo of the of the Synthetic Biology: Engineering, Evolution and Design (SEED) Conference. This special issue is based on work presented at the SEED 2014 Conference, held July 14-17th, 2014 at Manhattan Beach, CA.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_12.txt,ave_3,2015_12.txt,train
BDJ,238_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/238_1.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on paediatric medical emergencies, management of toothwear and virtual reality during dental extractions.
Image credit: Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/227_4.txt,multiBv1,227_4.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on overseas dentists in the UK, white enamel lesions and clinical governance.
Image credit: Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/230_5.txt,sbert,230_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on primary tooth extractions, supervised toothbrushing programmes, and pterygoid implants.

Cover image: Hang in there. An ode to the poor prognosis tooth which has weathered the ages, through thick and thin.
©Pippasha Khan @DrPippa.K",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/238_1.txt,groundtruth,238_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental radiography, provisional restorations, and person-centred care.

Cover image: Teachers are buying pupils toothbrushes and toothpaste in the cost-of-living crisis. Toothbrushes should not be a ‘luxury item’.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_12.txt,allv2,235_12.txt,test
Nature Astronomy,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_1.png,A,"Galaxies from wherever flock together
Streamlines trace the motions of galaxies through the Universe from their modern-day locations to the potential minima of basins of attraction.
See Valade et al.
Image: Daniel Pomarède, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Watching the wind blow
High-spatial-resolution observations of water maser spots trace streamlines within the outflowing disk wind around forming massive star IRAS21078+5211. These observations and complementary magnetohydrodynamic simulations offer support for a spiralling flow guided by a helical magnetic field.
See Moscadelli et al.
Image: Image courtesy of André Oliva. Cover: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_4.txt,multiBv1,6_4.txt,"Dwarf galaxies punching above their weight
Despite their diminutive size (the Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte galaxy, pictured on the cover, is one tenth the size of the Milky Way), dwarf galaxies have emerged as key laboratories for studying open questions in several areas of astrophysics. This issue launches a Collection of short articles on dwarf galaxies, to which we will add both short and long pieces over time.
See the Collection on dwarf galaxies
Image: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/CTIO/Local Group Survey Team. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"Cosmic galaxy clusters
Discriminating between Einstein’s theory of general relativity and models of modified gravity is not easy at cosmological scales. The motions and clustering of galaxies (pictured) turn out to be a sensitive test of these cosmological models. Predictions from a simulation of the velocity field of galaxies based on general relativity agree well with observational data.
See He et al.
Image: Jian-hua He, Durham University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,val
Nature Cell Biology,26_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_6.png,A,"Unconventional secretion
Rab1A, Rab1B and Rab2A regulate TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion and compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).
See Sun, Tao, Han, et al
Image: Courtesy of Rui Xie, Chengdu Great Wall Decoration Design and Color Printing Center, China and Prof Liang Ge, Tsinghua University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_6.txt,groundtruth,26_6.txt,Trafficking of GPI-anchored proteins (white) from the Golgi (red) to the apical surface occurs via the basolateral surface in polarized cells.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_9.txt,ave_3,6_9.txt,Lrig1 controls proliferation within the intestinal crypt by inhibiting ErbB signalling.p401,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/14_9.txt,multiBv1,14_9.txt,"Membrane traffic. TBC1D23 is an adaptor protein required for the delivery of endosome-derived vesicles to the trans-Golgi.
[letter p1424]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,test
Nature Chemistry,16_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_12.png,B,"Chemists strive to control the outcome of reactions and it was recently shown that the efficiency of photo-induced electron transfer in a donor–bridge–acceptor compound can be significantly altered by exciting intramolecular vibrations using infrared light. Now, continuing their work on this topic, Anthony Meijer, Julia Weinstein and colleagues have extended and generalized the understanding of this phenomenon by studying its occurrence in several different molecules. The excited-state dynamics of these molecules were monitored using time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and the background of the cover image features a two-dimensional map of a portion of their TRIR data.Article p689News &#38; Views p683IMAGE: M. DELOP ET AL. AND VERTEBRATEGRAPHICS COVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_4.txt,allv2,7_4.txt,"Identifying an elusive intermediate
Trans–cis photoisomerization plays an essential role in various biological settings such as vision, ion pumping, and light sensing. The prototypical trans–cis photoisomerization of stilbenes (an artistic impression of which is depicted on the cover) is thought to occur via an intermediate with a perpendicular conformation; however, its unambiguous identification has thus far proved difficult. Using ultrafast Raman spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, Tahei Tahara and colleagues now characterize the common, perpendicular intermediate of stilbene photoisomerization, revealing its ultrafast birth and decay upon photoexcitation of the trans and cis forms.
See Kuramochi et al.
Image: Takaya Fukui, Art Action Inc.. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_12.txt,groundtruth,16_12.txt,"Monitoring molecular relaxation
Molecular photoswitches can be exploited for solar thermal energy storage and information processing. One such system involves the rapid conversion between the molecular isomers norbornadiene (an artistic representation of which is depicted on the cover) and quadricyclane; however, our understanding of the switching processes is incomplete. Daniel Rolles and co-workers have used time-resolved gas-phase extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy combined with non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the electronic relaxation of quadricyclane after ultraviolet excitation and have observed two competing relaxation pathways that occur on different timescales.
See Borne et al.
Image: Wojciech Nowikowski and Karl Harrison. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_9.txt,multiBv1,16_9.txt,"Lights, camera, diffraction!
The photoinduced ring-opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene is a prototypical electrocyclic reaction and also provides a model system for understanding photobiological vitamin D generation. Now, Wolf, Wang, Minitti, Martínez and co-workers have used ultrafast electron diffraction to resolve its reaction pathway on the femtosecond timescale and sub-ångström length scale. The cover image is an artist’s visualization of this reaction, showing the photochemical ring-opening of the reactant (top) and the subsequent oscillatory motion between different isomers of the photoproduct 1,3,5-hexatriene.
See Wolf et al
IMAGE: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/11_7.txt,ave_3,11_7.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/17_1.png,A,"Chiroptical ionic co-crystals
The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules can provide access to superlattices with unique properties; however, this process remains synthetically challenging. Now, a team led by Jarad A. Mason has shown that silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles can be assembled through a supramolecular approach into ionic co-crystals with tunable structures that exhibit large chiroptical effects. The cover shows the structure of enantiopure chiral co-crystals featuring atomically precise silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles.
See Mason et al.
Image: Dr. Yingwei Li, Harvard University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,"Complex colloidal clathrate crystals
Clathrates, which consist of host molecules arranged in a hierarchy of polyhedral cages around guest species that they encapsulate, have attracted much attention for their host–guest chemistry. Now, using simulations, Sharon Glotzer and co-workers have shown that hard, otherwise non-interacting particles with truncated triangular bipyramid shapes self-assemble into open colloidal crystals isostructural to clathrates using only entropy. The resulting structures (depicted on the cover) consist of freely rotating guests within a rigid host network.
See Lee et al.
Image: Sangmin Lee, University of Michigan. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/15_6.txt,multiBv1,15_6.txt,"Research by Wokyung Sung, Kimoon Kim and co-workers shows that tetraolefins with rigid aromatic cores can be reacted with dithiol linkers to produce hollow micrometre-sized polymer rings. Mechanistic studies suggest that the process begins with the formation of oligomeric patches that roll up to form nanotubes that subsequently curl around to form rings (as shown schematically on the cover). C60 can be encapsulated inside the hollow toroidal structures, which can also serve as templates for the assembly of circular arrays of silver nanoparticles.
Article p97
IMAGE: JIYEONG LEE
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_11.txt,sbert,6_11.txt,"The regular repeating structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes these materials attractive for optoelectronic applications—in particular those made of two-dimensional covalent layers held together by π-stacking—but the necessary high crystallinity has remained difficult to engineer. Now, Florian Auras, Thomas Bein and co-workers have devised a building block (represented in yellow on the cover) with a shape that ensures successive units lock in position and promote long-range order by minimizing stacking faults and dislocations that otherwise typically occur in COF assembly (as demonstrated in green).Article p310IMAGE: CHRISTOPH HOHMANN, NANOSYSTEMS INITIATIVE MUNICHCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_9.txt,allv2,8_9.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_4.png,A,"Alternative mRNA splicing allows for the expansion and diversification
of the proteome, and this process can be activated by specific stimuli, such as
small molecule metabolites. In this issue, Cui et al. reviewed recent findings on the
metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing, with a focus on the biochemistry of mRNA
splicing and the impact of metabolic cues on alternative mRNA splicing. A creative
approach to combining mRNA splicing and metabolites is shown on the cover, with
sushi representing splicing-regulating metabolites and an orange cat choosing and
emptying plates to represent RNA splicing. Cover design by Qingyu Shi and Colette
Maya Macarios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,"Organisms with open or closed mitosis have evolved gamma-tubulin complex (γ-TuC) recruiting
factors to control microtubule nucleation activity. The assembly and recruitment of
γ-TuCs and their microtubule nucleation activity underscore a variety of cellular
functions, including the assembly of the mitotic spindle. In this issue, Lin et al. (pages 296–307) highlight the conservation and divergence of γ-TuC recruiting factors
in various model organisms and propose a model of how spindle assembly systems have
evolved. The image depicts a collection of electron micrographs of γ-TuSC in false
colors. The cover art was designed by members of Elmar Schiebel's lab and modified
by Andrew Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/25_9.txt,multiBv1,25_9.txt,"In this Special Focus – Genomic Regulation issue, Trends in Cell Biology delves into
the nucleus to examine recent findings on myriad forms of genomic regulation, from
co-transcriptional splicing to Xist, and the role of such regulation in cell biology.
The cover was inspired by the concept of the DNA double helix as a starting point
for an impressive technical feat: employing layers of regulatory mechanisms in order
to engineer the specific expression patterns needed for proper cellular function.
Drawn in the style of Leonardo da Vinci, the DNA double helix is depicted alongside
Italian mirror writing describing technical aspects of the major and minor grooves
and the nucleotides. Cover image by Jackie Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_7.txt,ave_2,21_7.txt,"Splicing kinetics are an important aspect of splicing and have a vital
role in shaping the resulting splice isoforms present in mature RNA. Merens and
colleagues review recent advancements in analyzing pre-mRNA splicing kinetics
and methodologies for measuring intron excision rates in vivo. Understanding these
kinetics is essential for elucidating intron removal mechanisms and splicing's role
in
gene regulation. Over the past decade, various approaches have generated differing
results, leading to some controversy. This review summarizes the advantages and
limitations of these methods and explores ways to reconcile these discrepancies.
Cover design by BSIP",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_2.txt,allv2,34_2.txt,train
Nature Food,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_1.png,D,"Urban agriculture
Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,ave_2,5_12.txt,"Feeling the heat
Climate projections to 2100 indicate that the length and frequency of dangerous heat-stress events will increase, meaning livestock producers in East Africa — and their animals — will need to adapt to these climate-induced events to avoid production losses. Swine and poultry will suffer the greatest production losses in the region, but goat or sheep offer more resilient options for livestock producers. Switching to more heat-stress-tolerant breeds may provide alternative solutions, particularly in extensive farming systems. Dangerous heat-stress events will affect intensive production systems, despite the potential for technological interventions and climate control.
See Rahimi et al.
Image: Martin Harvey/The Image Bank/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,"Extreme climate events
Food security is commonly analysed on the basis of mean climate change estimates, however droughts and floods are expected to become more frequent and intense in the near future. Relative to median-level climate change, an additional 20–36% and 11–33% of the world population may face hunger by 2050 under high and low greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. In some affected regions such as South Asia, the amount of additional food requirement to offset such effect is triple the region’s current food storage.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image: JBN-ART / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design:Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_5.txt,ave_3,2_5.txt,"Africa’s pastoral–agropastoral transition zones
Africa’s most extensive transition zones between the arid–semi-arid agropastoral system and the livestock-only pastoral system occur in the Sahelian and Sudanian belt. Livestock-based pastoral and agropastoral production systems predominate in the arid–semi-arid zones of Africa. Livestock have considerable socio-cultural and economic importance in these regions, supporting millions of livelihoods. Transition zones are expected to suffer with the aggravation of climate change, particularly through the impact of heat stress on agricultural production. Although adaptation strategies offer some relief, the future of these systems requires a long-term vision.
See Thornton et al.
Image: David Fettes/ Connect Images/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_12.png,A,"Shift in cardiometabolic and renal phenotypes in the US population
Lhoste et al. show that cardiometabolic and renal traits of the US population have shifted from phenotypes with high blood pressure and high cholesterol towards poor kidney function, hyperglycemia and severe obesity.
See Lhoste et al.
Cover image: Tree: marumaru / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"Sex and the heart
Conlon and Arnold discuss the sex differences in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, the sex chromosome pathways that underlie such differences, and future studies needed to assess how the sex differences are maintained and propagated.
See Conlon and Arnold
Image: Lily Chylek. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_9.txt,ave_3,2_9.txt,"The ‘sunset years’ come with sex differences in cardiometabolic health
Using a large cohort of people that spans three generations, Zhernakova et al. find that sex differences in risk factors and biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases change dynamically with age.
See Zhernakova et al. and News & Views by Miller and Heather
Image: Jingyuan Fu, University Medical Center Groningen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_10.png,C,"Wet work for perovskites
Organometal-halide perovskites are well-known for their photovoltaic performance but also their instability towards moisture. Park et al. show that by exploiting dynamic equilibrium, methylammonium lead iodide can be used to photocatalytically evolve hydrogen from aqueous hydrogen iodide solutions, harnessing solar energy to produce storable chemicals rather than electricity as in solar cells.
See Park et al. 2, 16185 (2016) and News &amp; Views by Peter Vesborg, article 16205.
 
Image: Yoobin Chun. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,"Dishing up hydrogen
Green hydrogen may play an important role in future energy systems, but demonstrations of solar-driven hydrogen-producing devices have largely been small in scale. Holmes-Gentle et al. build – and test under real-world conditions – a kilowatt-scale pilot plant that makes use of concentrated sunlight for hydrogen co-generation and heat.
See Holmes-Gentle et al. and News and Views by Deutsch
Image: Saurabh Tembhurne, SolHHytec SA. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_7.txt,allv2,8_7.txt,"Hydrogen goes underground
Hydrogen could be introduced into subsurface environments for seasonal energy storage, but technical feasibility is unclear as large-scale demonstrations are scarce. Hellerschmied, Schritter et al. perform field tests in a depleted underground hydrocarbon reservoir in Austria (similar to that shown here), demonstrating that hydrogen can be stored and microbially converted to methane.
See Hellerschmied et al. and News and Views by Strous
Image: RAG Austria AG / USS 2030. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Life supports hydrogen
Photosynthetic and catalytic machineries from living cells can be coupled to produce hydrogen outside the cell using solar energy, though the production is short-lived. Now, Appel et al. rewire cyanobacteria to fuse these machineries in the cell, allowing the cell’s maintenance and replication mechanisms to support lasting hydrogen production.
See Appel et al. and News and Views by Lenz
Image: Jolanda Zürcher Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_11.png,D,"Mapping the face connectome
How does the brain support our ability to recognize faces and decipher facial expressions? Wang et al. combine functional and anatomical connectivity data with behavioural measures to create a global model of the human face connectome, proposing a neurocognitive model with three core face-processing streams.
See Wang et al.
Cover image: imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_9.txt,ave_2,4_9.txt,"Not in the eye of the beholder
Are aesthetic preferences for visual art entirely idiosyncratic or predictable? Igaya et al. show that aesthetic preferences can be predicted by a mixture of low- and high-level image features, and that a convolutional neural network trained only on object recognition naturally encodes many of these features.
See Igaya et al. See also News & Views by Zhang and Kreiman
Cover image: Collage artwork created by Marilyn Perkins using image elements from ‘The Birth of Venus’, Ian Dagnall/Alamy stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/5_7.txt,sbert,5_7.txt,"Objects in the mind
The natural world is full of objects that we have no difficulty identifying, thinking and communicating about. How is this diversity of objects represented in the human mind? Hebart et al. use empirical and computational methods to show that people share mental representations of objects based on a small number of dimensions.
See Hebart et al.
See also News & Views by Riesenhuber
Cover image: Martin Hebart, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,"3D shape perception
Recent research has shown that people can perceive the shape of objects, even when the objects are not directly perceptible (for instance, when draped in cloth). These findings present a challenge to existing theories of shape perception, which are based on the use of surface cues alone. Yildirim et al. present a computational model of three-dimensional shape perception that integrates intuitive physics and analysis-by-synthesis to explain how shape can be inferred both when surface object cues are available and when they are not (as in cloth draping).
See Yildirim et al.
Cover image: Lan Zhang/E+/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,val
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.png,B,A molecular CO2 storage provided a platform to investigate an equation of state of a single-molecule gas as well as property-modulation of an open-[60]fullerene host by the densely packed CO2 molecule.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"Amino acids will be observed remotely, the diffuse interstellar bands will be linked to molecular carriers, and direct spectral observations of exoplanetary atmospheres will produce clear chemical signals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Resonance Raman signals from the amide and disulfide linkages provide invaluable insights into the secondary structural changes during the phase separation of soluble bovine insulin monomers to insoluble amyloid fibers. Illustration by Uttam Pal.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,val
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_11.png,A,smart transparent flexible film as a Ca2+ pump,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The combination of a strong electronegative effect and the hydrophobic feature of –CF3 as well as the increase of free volume contributes to the improved energy capability of the FPI film.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.txt,allv2,2024_20.txt,Tunable EMI shielding performance and rapid electric heating capacity were achieved through fabricating carboxylate-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube/aramid nanofibers film.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_4.txt,multiBv1,2022_4.txt,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_27,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_27.png,B,"The first example of transition-metal-catalyzed meta-selective CAr-H nitration of arenes is described. A new octahedral ruthenium species is crystalized and confirmed as the key intermediate. The nitration products can be used for further transformations, and a number of pharmaceutical intermediates or marketed drugs can be easily realized.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_25.txt,allv2,2016_25.txt,A novel carbene-assisted strategy for arene ring-opening is demonstrated. Experiments and DFT calculations have validated that both diazo and non-diazo carbene precursors could effectively initiate the reactions to afford value-added extended conjugated molecules. This chemistry expands the horizons of carbene chemistry and provides a novel pathway for arene ring-opening.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_27.txt,groundtruth,2024_27.txt,"Ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic monomers is enabled by a radical cascade reaction, also known as the domino reaction. An allyl alkylsulfone-based ring-opening trigger incorporated in the macrocyclic monomers can undergo a radical cascade process resulting in sulfur dioxide extrusion and generating an alkyl radical capable of controlled polymerization. See Niu and co-workers. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05365. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_19.txt,sbert,2018_19.txt,"A new synthetic chemistry for covalent organic frameworks was established by encoding irreversible cascade reactions to connect hydroxybenzene-aldehyde and acetonitrile building blocks to form cyano-substituted benzofuran linkages, which integrated crystallinity, porosity and feasibility of postsynthetic modification into chemically robust frameworks to install predesigned functionality under harsh conditions. See Gu and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05970 View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_18.txt,multiBv1,2020_18.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_4.png,B,"Artist's impression of high-order multiphoton Thomson scattering. Laser light is focused to a billion-times higher brightness than the surface of the Sun and interacts with an electron beam. The resulting figure-of-eight electron-quiver motion generates a high-energy X-ray photon with novel characteristics.
Article p514
IMAGE: WENCHAO YAN, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA—LINCOLN
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/11_5.txt,multiBv1,11_5.txt,"Hyper-Raman optical activity
Hyper-Raman optical activity: circularly polarized infrared photons (red helices) incident on molecules arranged on a helical scaffold (white dots) produce hyper-Raman scattering spectra (multicoloured light regions) that feature chirality.
See Valev et al.
Image: Ventsislav K. Valev (University of Bath) and Kylian Valev (St Gregory's Catholic College Bath). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_4.txt,groundtruth,18_4.txt,"Time-resolved Raman scattering enhanced by the use of gold nanoparticles makes it possible to observe the vibrations of a single molecule.
Article p650;
News & Views p589
IMAGE: DMITRY FISHMAN
COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/8_5.txt,allv2,8_5.txt,"Polariton interferometry
Artistic impression of nanoimaging of molecular vibrations coupled to phonon polaritons (blue wave) in a thin layer of hexagonal boron nitride. Nanoimaging is performed by recording the light scattered from a sharp metal tip that is scanned across the sample surface.
See Hillenbrand et al.
IMAGE: Andrei Bylinkin, Alexey Nikitin and Rainer Hillenbrand, CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Art by Scixel COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/15_10.txt,ave_2,15_10.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_10.png,A,"Quantum skyrmions
Two-photon entangled states with a non-trivial topology are used to form quantum skyrmions that exhibit topological invariance.
See Ornelas et al.
Image: Pedro Ornelas, University of the Witwatersrand. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_10.txt,groundtruth,18_10.txt,"Artistic depiction of entanglement between particle-like and wave-like quantum states, which two independent groups have reported concurrently.
Article p564; Article p570
IMAGE: MARCO BELLINI (INO-CNR, ITALY)
COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/8_6.txt,ave_3,8_6.txt,"Topological quantum optics
Artistic impression of the generation of pairs of indistinguishable entangled photons on the edge of a two-dimensional array of ring resonators arranged in a non-trivial topology (represented by a donut).
See Mittal et al.
IMAGE: Image courtesy of Kaveh Haerian COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/15_6.txt,allv2,15_6.txt,"Topological protection
Artistic impression of a topologically protected quantum entanglement emitter on a silicon-photonics chip. Entangled states, which are immune to some defects and imperfections, are generated along the boundary of the chip, which emulates an anomalous Floquet topological insulator.
See Dai et al.
Image: Tianxiang Dai and Jianwei Wang, Peking University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/16_10.txt,ave_2,16_10.txt,val
Nature Biomedical Engineering,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.png,D,"Nanoparticle delivery of CRISPR tools
This issue highlights the delivery of CRISPR components via nanoparticles, and advances in the precision of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, the modulation of global patterns in gene expression, the imaging of calcification in aortic valves, and the understanding of glial responses to implanted electrodes.
The cover illustrates the delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and donor DNA by gold nanoparticles, for the correction of a gene mutation (Article)
Image by Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Peptide-boosted uptake of CRISPR enzymes
This issue highlights that prime editing can efficiently correct the sickle-cell allele in patient haematopoietic stem cells, a Cas9-based gene therapy for Huntington’s disease tested in pigs, the efficient peptide-mediated delivery of CRISPR enzymes, a method for the knock-in and stable expression of large payloads in primary human cells, that adding cytosine stretches to the 5′ end of single-guide RNAs constrains the activity of Cas9, and a library of cytosine base editors for the precise ablation of every mtDNA protein-coding gene in the mouse mitochondrial genome.
The cover illustrates that a peptide identified via screening aids the delivery of CRISPR ribonucleoprotein into cells, increasing the yield of edited primary human lymphocytes.
See Foss et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_8.txt,ave_2,7_8.txt,"Barcoded DNA structures for the subcellular profiling of proteins
This issue highlights tumour-cell-derived microparticles as efficient drug-delivery carriers, the boosting of chemotherapy in colonic tumours via the phage-guided modulation of gut microbiota, the delivery of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to metastases in the central nervous system, the augmentation of canonical Wnt signalling to produce cell factories of therapeutically potent exosomes, integrated glass microelectrodes for in vivo brain electrophysiology, and barcoded DNA nanostructures for the profiling of subcellular protein distribution.
The cover illustrates tetrahedral DNA nanostructures that act as barcodes for the high-throughput multiplexed profiling of the subcellular expression and distribution of proteins in cells.
See Sundah et al.
Image: Zac Goh, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,"Potent and safer editing via nanoparticle-delivered ribonucleoprotein
This issue highlights advances in genome editing, including the enhancement of the efficiency and precision of base editing and prime editing, the optimization of the delivery of genome editors and the reduction of off-target effects.
The cover illustrates lipid nanoparticles optimized for enhancing the stability, delivery efficiency and editing potency of ribonucleoproteins for base editing and prime editing.
See Hołubowicz et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Samuel W. Du, University of California, Irvine and Yekaterina Kadyzhevskaya, University of Southern California. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_15.png,D,"Exploring the chemical space of molecular catalysts is a critical step toward the design of ligands with specific functionality and precisely tailored electronic and steric properties. The ability to calculate thermodynamics properties, such as acidities and hydricities, offers a systematic way of exploring and optimizing by computer the complex free energy landscape (colored mesh) of a catalytic system (see DOI: 10.1021/ar500342g). Cover design by Jonathan M. Darmon; layout by Jeff Ward.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_11.txt,allv2,2015_11.txt,"Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_1.txt,ave_3,2016_1.txt,"In this Account, we summarize our ongoing research contributions, including (i) the design of flip-flop ligands and FDCs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.txt,sbert,2024_1.txt,"–ligand binding conformations and affinities, is a pivotal element of structure-based virtual screening. We delineate the current status of employing deep learning to enhance molecular docking within the virtual screening paradigm, highlighting our contributions (KarmaDock and RTMScore) in this realm. Furthermore, we pinpoint the extant challenges and envision future prospects, drawing profound insights from our scholarly endeavors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.png,A,"Bioinspired electronics made of soft electrochemical matter based on organic mixed conductors can enable the integration of diverse forms of intelligence into everyday life. The cover image shows an artist’s impression of synapses communicating with an electronic device. See >Gkoupidenis P. et al
Cover image: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,"Solution-processed networks of 2D materials are promising for applications in printed electronics, but more research is needed to understand how they are electrically limited by the junctions between nanosheets and their macroscopic electrical properties. The cover image is an artistic illustration showing electrons flowing from a gold electrode across a nanosheet network. See Adam Kelly et al.
Image: Adam Kelly and Katarzyna Stachura. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_10.txt,sbert,7_10.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.txt,multiBv1,10_1.txt,"Materials synthetic biology integrates synthetic biology and materials science for the development of self-organizing functional materials and hybrid living materials. These dynamic and responsive materials can be applied for the design of living sensors, therapeutics, electronics, energy-conversion materials and living building materials. See Tang et al.
Image: Chenfu Hsing. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_5.png,D,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"The core size, shell thickness and hydrophilicity, interparticle spacing, and total size of the cluster determine the T1 and T2 relaxation effect of IONP-based MRI contrast agents, which can be regulated by internal or external stimuli through their assembly, disassembly, and activation behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,"The nano-bilayer structure with multiple enzyme-like activities is taken up by tumor cells through systemic circulation. The tumor cells enter a state of starvation, and their shape changes from full to shriveled. Eventually, apoptosis of the tumor cells is further amplified by near-infrared light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,"A targeted MRI contrast agent (MT218) that binds to an oncoprotein in the tumor extracellular matrix (extradomain-B fibronectin) enables noninvasive characterization of the aggressiveness, progression, and therapy resistance of prostate cancer with MRI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_7.png,C,"COVER: A tumour in senescence, inspired by the Review on p619.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_3.txt,multiBv1,19_3.txt,"The Sun rises in the landscape of treatment for patients ovarian carcinoma, inspired by the Review on p820.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_1.txt,sbert,20_1.txt,"Going deep with NIR-II light, inspired by the Review on p449.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"COVER: Has the eagle landed? inspired by the Perspective on p486.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_2.png,D,"The initial morphology of the Cu-based nanoparticle catalyst can be transformed into smaller fragmented particles, which were densely contacted to each other, during electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). This unique morphology is suggested to improve C–C coupling reaction selectively and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_41.txt,sbert,2019_41.txt,"This paper describes the synthesis of atomically isolated Pd sites onto Cu nanoflakes to regulate the protonation of key intermediates. The Pd sites with moderate water activation capability are found to enhance the protonation of *CO at the neighboring Cu site to *COH, which is confirmed to be the rate-determining step through kinetic isotope effect studies. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,"The cover is composed of scanning electron microscopy images of colloidal semiconducting organic nanocrystals. These size and shape controlled nanocrystals enable transformation of commercial organic colorants into solution-processed semiconductor devices, exhibiting promising characteristics even when fabricated by technologies as simple as paint brushing. See Heiss and co-workers, p 16522.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_6.txt,multiBv1,2014_6.txt,"The cover art shows the top-down transformation of S-poisoned Pd nanoparticles to form high-performance Pd single atom sites, which represents a novel way to recycle wasted catalysts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_10.png,A,"Health equity in endocrinology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p130.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Key advances in endocrinology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p71
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_11.txt,allv2,17_11.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,ave_3,20_12.txt,"An endocrinologist’s view on the care of transgender and gender-diverse youth, inspired by the Review on p581.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_3.txt,ave_2,17_3.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_12.png,C,"The cover graphic symbolizes the multi-year efforts of the global C-HPP consortium to generate each year a more nearly complete map of the human proteome and provide insights into the proteogenomics of human biology. Each C-HPP team seeks compelling protein-level evidence for ""missing proteins"", which is then validated with standardized bioinformatic tools and integrated into publicly-accessible knowledge bases. Artwork inspired by Jin-Young Cho and Young-Ki Paik. Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK and iStock.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2015_4.txt,ave_3,2015_4.txt,"The image on the cover represents the interdependence of our genes, our proteomes and our environment, all of which contribute to the health status of human populations. We affect the environment, just as it affects us. Future proteomic studies will increasingly acknowledge environmental factors as key determinants of the health, metabolism and function of humans, animals, plants and microorganisms alike. Artwork copyright SSilver/petarg/DavidArts/Foto Flare/Dollar Photo Club.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2015_12.txt,allv2,2015_12.txt,"The molecular environment of colorectal cancer can be compared to a localized oceanic system, where the fishing boat's light symbolizes transcriptomics technology and the diver's headlamp signifies proteomics technology. With the simultaneous utilization of both of these cutting-edge technologies, we can effectively and accurately observe changes in the molecular phenotype of colorectal cancer. Cover art designed by Jingjing Liu and completed by Jing Yuang Chao Feng.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,A topographic map of the protein conformational landscape in a cancer proteome can be created using covalent protein painting. Proteins are depicted as colored ribbons with a clear solvation shell to illustrate regions of proteins accessible for chemical footprinting.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_9.txt,multiBv1,2022_9.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_5.png,A,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Darif et al. report on the recent
20th BioMalPar, a world-leading conference on the biology and pathology of malaria
parasites. Frischknecht et al. reflect on what has been achieved in the last 20 years
through the European Union Network of Excellences (NoEs) BioMalPar and EviMalaR as
well as other pan-European networks, provide examples of specific achievements, and
look to the future. The cover shows a cartoon from the malaria comic of the EviMalaR
NoE (https://www.gla.ac.uk/research/az/wcip/engage/publicengagement/wcipcomics/),
which illustrates the molecular tinkering performed by researchers in these networks
to uncover the unique biology of Plasmodium. The cartoon is surrounded by scanning
electron microscopy images of uninfected red blood cells as well as those infected
with
asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Image credit: Aurélie Claes, Artur
Scherf, and Edward Ross.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_5.txt,groundtruth,40_5.txt,"The cover illustrates drug action against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. After the parasite is injected into the human host (red central
area) through the bite of an infected mosquito (surrounding purple area), the parasite
goes through a maze of different developmental stages and host tissues. After exiting
the liver, parasites undergo cycles of growth in red blood cells and eventually develop
into gametocytes that can be transmitted to mosquitoes. Antimalarial drugs (yellow
chemical structure) can block the development of these stages of human infection.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Okombo et al. review the recent genomic and genetic advances in studying Plasmodium biology and antimalarial drug discovery. Yang et al. then give an overview of the achievements and future directions of the Malaria Drug
Accelerator (MalDA) consortium, a partnership of 15 leading academic and industrial
laboratories. Image credit: Hratch Arbach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_7.txt,allv2,37_7.txt,"In the era of systems biology, omics studies are accelerating our understanding of
the biological mechanisms and dynamics of any targeted organism or organisms. In this
issue of Trends in Parasitology, Swearingen et al. and Hugo et al. review how proteomics has been contributing to the research of malaria parasites
(Plasmodium) and their mosquito vectors (Anopheles). The cover image was designed by Allison Kudla (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle)
and provided by Lindner and Swearingen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/34_2.txt,ave_2,34_2.txt,"In the February issue of Trends in Parasitology, two articles, Pleass et al. (pages 108–119) and Soares and Yilmaz (pages 120–130) discuss recent findings regarding
the antibody response to the causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. The review by Pleass et al. focuses on the ancient antibody class IgM with which P. falciparum co-evolved and formed an intimate relationship that determines both host and parasite
survival. The review by Soares and Yilmaz was inspired by their recent finding that
some components of the human microbiota express immunogenic glycans that elicit a
protective antibody response against P. falciparum. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_12.txt,sbert,32_12.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.png,A,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,"Artificial transmembrane transport
Building artificial cells that mimic the functions of biological cells represents a fundamental challenge. A major bottleneck is the transport of substances across the artificial cell membrane. Now, Nan-Nan Deng and colleagues demonstrate an endocytosis-/exocytosis-like transmembrane transport in a liposome-based system. By utilizing interfacial energy, liposomes can reversibly engulf and excrete oil microdroplets, which can subsequently be exploited as reconfigurable oil-based channels for molecular transport. The cover illustrates the shuttling process of ions and DNA across the oil-based channels.
See Tian et al. and Parikh
Image: Nan-Nan Deng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"Nanoisland nests for cluster catalysis
Stabilizing noble metal cluster catalysts presents a formidable roadblock to harnessing their high atom efficiency and size-dependent properties for industrial reactions. Now, Bruce Gates, Jingyue Liu, Xu Li, Jie Zeng and co-workers report on a strategy for confining few-atom platinum clusters on cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoislands that are stably dispersed on a commercial high-area porous silica support. These ensembles work as nanoreactors, wherein the platinum clusters remain confined even under harsh hydrogenation reaction conditions. The cover image shows an illustrative render of these nanoreactors, with the platinum clusters confined to isolated nanoisland nests.
See Chen et al.
Image: Yizhen Chen, University of California, Davis, and Xu Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,multiBv1,1_9.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,48_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_1.png,A,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_1.txt,groundtruth,48_1.txt,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_2.txt,allv2,48_2.txt,"Prefrontal cortex neurons signal through the basal ganglia via two distinct pathways
that regulate approach versus avoidance. Coordinated balance between activities in
these two pathways is needed for fl exible behavior. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Donald Pfaff and Helen Barbas present a hypothesis that applies the dichotomy in
the two pathways to social behaviors and propose imbalance in approach/avoidance circuitry
as a mechanism for social avoidance in autism. Cover image by iStock/Coprid.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_6.txt,ave_3,42_6.txt,"Dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in various cognitive
functions. Intriguingly, dopamine axons grow from the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal
cortex during adolescence – the only clearly-established case of adolescent long-distance
axon growth. This growth is coordinated by molecular guidance cues, including Netrin-1
and its receptors. In a Review in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Daniel Hoops
and Cecilia Flores discuss the mechanisms of dopamine axon growth during adolescence,
and their links to genetic and environmental factors that impact prefrontal cortex
development. Cover image by iStock/TEXTUREW.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/40_1.txt,ave_2,40_1.txt,test
Nature Cell Biology,26_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.png,C,"Lipid signalling
Phosphoinositide metabolism
See Walpole et al.and News & Views by Baskin
Image: Image courtesy of Glenn Walpole, Ph.D.; University of Toronto Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/24_8.txt,allv2,24_8.txt,"In vivo multicolour cell fate mapping allows detailed insights into early clonal events that regulate haematopoietic development in zebrafish.
[article p17]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,"Multi-organelle units
OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis.
See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele
Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, ""Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.txt,groundtruth,26_5.txt,"Organelles
Transmission electron micrograph of a mitochondrion.
See Reviews by Haigis and Hajnóczky
Image: BSIP SA / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_6.txt,sbert,20_6.txt,val
BDJ In Practice,37_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_1.png,D,"In this issue
This month we reflect on the lack of improvement in child dental health in recent years and the current impact of the cost-of-living crisis.
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_10.txt,allv2,36_10.txt,"In this issue...
In the final issue of 2020 we look at the impact COVID-19 had on the day-to-day workings of a dental practice
Cover Illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_1.txt,multiBv1,33_1.txt,"In this issue
In this issue we discuss some of the challenges 2021 will face, from outreach programmes to paediatric dentistry's recovery
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_12.txt,ave_2,34_12.txt,"In this issue...
In this final issue of 2024, our cover feature delves into one of the most important topics for any practitioner to consider: safeguarding and dental neglect in children",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_1.txt,groundtruth,37_1.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_30,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_30.png,C,"Strong electrostatic repulsion provided by the rock salt/spinel phase formed on the surface of cycled cathode disrupts Li+ transport and restrains lithium replenishment during regeneration. We propose the topotactic transformation of stable rock salt/spinel phase into Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 and then back to LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode, which greatly improves lithium replenishment during regeneration.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2023_39.txt,allv2,2023_39.txt,"Single-crystalline SOM ZIF-67 with highly ordered macro-microporous structure is constructed by a saturated solution-based double-solvent-assisted strategy and then converted to 3DOM CoSe2@C through a selenization treatment. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical porous structure, the derived 3DOM CoSe2@C as a cathode material for aluminum-ion batteries achieves remarkable rate performance and long cycling stability. See Zhang and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06957 View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_11.txt,sbert,2019_11.txt,"Manipulating the cation composition of layered, P2-type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 with Li or Mn alters the interlayer cation ordering. The distinct interlayer arrangements of honeycomb-ordered transition metal layers significantly impact the Na+/vacancy ordering and diffusion. These insights provide design strategies for high-power, sustainable electrode materials to support renewable energy storage.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_30.txt,groundtruth,2024_30.txt,"Redox-mediated stabilization enables formation of metastable zinc molybdenum nitride alloys with wurtzite-derived structure in a broad compositional range from Zn3MoN4 to ZnMoN2. The tuning of composition leads to a continuous change in optoelectronic properties, from resistive and semitransparent Zn3MoN4 to conductive and absorptive ZnMoN2. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_40.txt,multiBv1,2018_40.txt,train
JACS Au,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2025_2.png,D,"- and trans-geometric isomers of 1,2-disubstituted cyclohexane analogues exhibit markedly different ring dynamic behaviors, which lead to a dramatic change in reactivity. The trans-isomer shows rapid interconversion between ring conformers, while the cis-isomer shows very limited ring interconversion. The distinct dynamic behavior dominantly determines the pH-responsive degradability of 1,2-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid amides through a significant change in the activation entropy (ΔS‡).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_2.txt,ave_3,2021_2.txt,"A nonenzymatic synthetic pathway is demonstrated for 5-carbon sugars, including ribose, which relies on chemical transformations that are reminiscent of the first steps of the pentose phosphate pathway, a core pathway of metabolism, suggesting that prebiotic sugar synthesis may have overlaps with the extant biochemical pathways.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_4.txt,multiBv1,2023_4.txt,"Enzymes are thought to possess thermal tolerance and promiscuous activities that are useful for modern biocatalysis. Through ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR), researchers can revive ancient enzymes to catalyze diverse reactions with a robust scaffold. This perspective summarizes the ASR’s workflow and highlights its implications for enzyme design and exploration of catalytic mechanisms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"The same, but different? Acyl hydrolases and acyl transferases in polyketide synthases possess the same fold. One catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyl groups, the other transfers malonyl groups to carrier proteins. The first structure of an acyl hydrolase is reported, providing insights into the catalytic mechanism, substrate tolerance, and the carrier protein interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_2.png,B,"This cover illustrates a high-performance floating gate memory fabricated using the ReS2/h-BN/graphene heterostructure. The proposed memory adopted a configuration of high gate coupling ratio, enabling ultra-fast operation speeds on the order of nanoseconds. The device also exhibits an exceptionally large memory window, robust long-term retention of performance, and high storage capacity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_19.txt,ave_2,2024_19.txt,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"We demonstrate three-dimensional, inkjet-printed, integrated circuits (ICS) based on a vertically stacked, complementary organic field-effect transistor. Our study fulfills the essential requirements for the fabrication of organic printed complex ICs (increased transistor density, 100% yield, high uniformity, and long-term stability), and the findings can be applied to realize more complex digital/analogue ICs and intelligent devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2016_2.txt,ave_3,2016_2.txt,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_1.png,D,"Context-specific eQTLs
This figure is a graphical representation of transcriptional changes that occur in human CD4 T cells as they go through activation. The different colored dots depict individual T cells at different stages of activation that are circulating in the blood during an active immune response. Single-cell transcriptional profiling was used to capture how gene expression is regulated by common genetic variants during this crucial process of immune response.
See Soskic et al.
Image: Eddie Cano Gamez and Suzanne Hayes. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_7.txt,allv2,54_7.txt,"Blood DNA virome in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases
Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases associates endogenous HHV-6 and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk.
See Sasa et al.
Image: Itsuki Kitayama, STUDIO BIUM. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/57_1.txt,sbert,57_1.txt,"Brassica oleracea pan-genome
De novo genome assemblies of 22 Brassica oleracea accessions and pan-genome analyses highlight the effects of structural variation on gene expression and its contribution to morphotype diversification.
See Li et al.
Image: Chang Keyong, professional photographer, Beijing, China. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.txt,multiBv1,56_10.txt,"An Asian Immune Diversity Atlas
Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood of 474 individuals of diverse Asian ancestries links cell-type-specific splicing variation with autoimmune and inflammatory disease risk.
See Tian et al.
Image: Lucie Kim, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_1.txt,groundtruth,56_1.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_12.png,B,"Entangled with Cherenkov
Despite their relevance for quantum technology, photon-pair sources are difficult to control. A theoretical proposal shows how photon pairs can be created from vacuum fluctuations in time-dependent systems, potentially enabling heralded single-photon frequency combs.
See Sloan et al. and Talebi
Image: Haley Park. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_12.txt,ave_2,18_12.txt,"Coherent control in chaotic cavities
Non-Hermitian physics enables dynamic control of optical behaviour in real time, such as reflectionless scattering modes, which have now been demonstrated in a chaotic photonic microcavity.
See Jiang et al. and Stone
Image: Xuefeng Jiang, Shixiong Yin and Andrea Alù, Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Solitons in synthetic dimensions
Synthetic dimensions can introduce band properties without a periodic structure in real space, but they have largely been studied in linear systems. Now, Nicolas Englebert and collaborators present a study using an optical resonator that shows nonlinear soliton states in synthetic frequency space. This will allow the manipulation of dissipative cavity solitons with potential applications in optical frequency comb generation and nonlinear topological photonics.
See Englebert et al.
Image: Loïc Brunot. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,"Dark state control
Dark states of quantum systems do not absorb or emit light, removing a major source of decoherence. Four superconducting qubits in a waveguide can be combined to make a coherently controlled dark-state qubit with a long lifetime.
See Zanner et al. and Masson and Asenjo-Garcia
Image: Mathieu Juan, Université de Sherbrooke and Institut quantique. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_8.txt,multiBv1,18_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_4.png,B,"Anticipating the timing, style and size of volcanic eruptions is essential for hazard mitigation. This Review discusses the accumulation and evolution of magma storage regions, the processes that trigger magma reservoir failure, and the ascent of magma through the crust. See Caricchi et al.
Image: Ignacio Palacios / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,"Mine tailings are voluminous and often-toxic wastes, whose management is a global safety and sustainability challenge. This Review summarizes major tailings storage facility disasters and impacts, emphasizing the need for risk reduction approaches for management and policy.
Image credit: Agencia Brasil/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"The transition to renewable energy requires notable quantities of technology metals and materials, the production of which causes substantial environmental damage. This Review discusses raw material extraction approaches that optimize technical performance and reduce environmental impacts. See Pell et al.
Image: Opla/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,"Detection, monitoring, and prediction are essential to managing landslide risk. This Technical Review examines the use of remote sensing technology in tracking landslides and mitigating disaster.
Image credit: Pulsar Imagens/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_12.txt,multiBv1,4_12.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_4.png,B,"Intravital imaging of aging neural stem cells
In this issue, Yicheng Wu et al. use chronic intravital imaging to monitor neural stem cells in the hippocampal niche of young and middle-aged mice for several months. Their study reveals multiple aging-associated alterations in the behavior of neural stem cells and their progeny that lead to reduced clonal output. The image cover shows an artistic overlay of Nestin–GFP-labeled neural stem cells in young (blue) and middle-aged (red) mice, which makes the decline in neural stem cells with advancing age apparent. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI in young mice (grey).
See Wu et al.
Cover image: Yicheng Wu, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_9.txt,multiBv1,3_9.txt,"Oocyte rejuvenation
In this issue, HaiYang Wang et al. show that oocytes from aged mice cultured within follicles from young mice improve their developmental potential. The cover shows reconstituted chimeric follicles in which granulosa cells interact with the oocyte through transzonal projections.
See Wang et al.
Image: HaiYang Wang, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"FOXM1 induction delays aging
In this issue, Ribeiro et al. demonstrate that in vivo cyclic induction of a truncated version of the transcription factor FOXM1 extends lifespan and improves aging-related phenotypes of progeroid and physiologically aged mice. The issue cover illustrates the cyclic boost of FOXM1 levels and the rejuvenated appearance of an aged mouse.
See Ribeiro et. al
Cover Image: Based on a concept from Elsa Logarinho. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_8.txt,allv2,2_8.txt,"Hypothalamic aging in the female brain
In this issue, Hajdarovic, Yu et al use single-nucleus sequencing of young and old mouse hypothalamus to better understand age-related changes in the female brain. They report that expression of the master regulator of X-chromosome inactivation, XIST, increases with age, pointing towards a role of X-chromosome inactivation in the aging female brain. The cover image shows nuclei forming an X chromosome.
See Hajdarovic et al.
Cover image: Kaitlyn Hajdarovic, Brown University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_6.txt,ave_3,2_6.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.png,B,"Studies using in vivo time-lapse imaging are helping clarify how neuronsachieve their complex morphologies
and reveal a previously underappreciated amount of dynamic growth behavior during
development. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Peter Hogg and colleagues review how careful quantifi cation of neuronal growth
illuminates the processes and mechanisms by which rapid structural changes culminate
in persistent morphological patterns. The cover image features a Xenopus tectal neuron labeled with EGFP imaged in vivo every 5 minutes, and presented as sequential overlays of two 5-minute interval images.
Magenta, cyan, and yellow indicate neurite loss, new growth, and stable structures,
respectively. Interspersed are reconstructions created in the software Dynamo, tracking
changes across each 5-minute interval with colored dots indicating additions (green),
eliminations (red), elongations (cyan), and reductions (magenta). Cover image acquired
and designed by Peter Hogg.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_11.txt,multiBv1,45_11.txt,"Human infants undergo rapid and profound changes in behavior and
cognition, yet the underlying brain mechanisms are poorly understood. New methods
for data acquisition and analysis are beginning to reveal the functional development
of the infant brain. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nick Turk-Browne and
Dick Aslin review these recent advances and provide a road map for the future of infant
brain imaging in humans. The cover image captures several features that characterize
this future, including awake and attentive state, large field of view of naturalistic
stimuli,
and head-mounted sensors. Cover art by Casey Roonan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_8.txt,groundtruth,47_8.txt,"Our understanding of how the brain works depends on how brain functions like perception,
attention, memory, and emotion are conceptualized and defined. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nicole Rust and Joseph LeDoux highlight the unease that has persisted about these
issues in psychology and neuroscience for over a century. Rust and LeDoux also discuss
why this underappreciated issue is so challenging. Because getting it right is so
crucial, they call for more attention to be drawn to the topic. Cover image by Julia
Kuhl, depicting the sleuthing of brain functions by a neuroscientist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/46_12.txt,allv2,46_12.txt,"On pages 464–473, Huberman and Niell review recent advances in understanding the mouse
visual system at the anatomical, receptive field and perceptual level. The opportunities
and constraints that these features provide toward the goal of furthering our understanding
of the neural mechanisms underlying visual processing are also discussed, especially
in light of the fact that other species, such as primates, have traditionally been
used to study vision. Image credits: iStockphoto/jeremysale and iStockphoto/alptraum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/34_5.txt,sbert,34_5.txt,test
Caner Cell,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_3.png,C,"On the cover: Single-cell transcriptomic analyses unravel a complex tumor-immune microenvironment
in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), uncovering cellular interactions that form the tumor’s
“immune circuitry.” Braun et al. demonstrate that exhausted CD8+ T cells and M2-like macrophages are enriched in advanced disease and interact to
form an immune dysfunction circuit that is associated with a worse prognosis. In two
related studies, Bi et al. (pp. 649–661) and Krishna et al. (pp. 662–677) define the
immune landscape of RCC tumors in the context of immune checkpoint blockade therapies.
Cover credits: cells by Steven Moskowitz, kidney and circuit via Shutterstock, and
design by David Braun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_8.txt,allv2,39_8.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows a mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) found in
a non‐small-cell lung cancer patient sample. Using transcriptomic analyses, Patil
et al. (page 289–300) identify the key drivers of clinical outcomes in the randomized
clinical trials of PD‐L1 blockade versus chemotherapy, and they find plasma cell signals
to be strongly associated with patient benefit and specifically with PD‐L1 blockade.
In this multiplex immunofluorescence image, tumor cells are displayed in blue (panCK+);
plasma cells, the product of a mature TLS, in orange (CD138+/panCK-); B cells in aqua
(CD20+); CD8+ T cells in yellow (CD3+/CD8+); and CD4+ T cells in green (CD3+/CD4+).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_10.txt,sbert,40_10.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.png,C,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,allv2,2017_9.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,multiBv1,2017_4.txt,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_3.png,B,"The frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) calls for fast-responsive treatment technologies. This study investigated the rapid removal of cyanobacteria and toxins via electrochemical oxidation and filtration. The proof-of-concept was successfully scaled up to a boat-mount prototype, of which efficacy was validated in contaminated lake water at 100 m3/day.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_6.txt,sbert,2022_6.txt,Deciphering biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere is a challenging task. Single particle analysis of morphology and chemical composition of particles combined with advanced supervised machine learning techniques can improve detection of primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The integration of machine learning and mechanistic modeling with biofeedback into hybrid, modular models can facilitate a transition to a more dynamically controlled environment for agriculture. This review outlines several pathways to hybridization using modern sensing, latent state monitoring, and technological interventions to optimize cultivation and efficient use of resources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,This special issue showcases the latest research in the application of computational modeling in environmental research. The front cover shows that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of aperiodic small molecule systems is a cost-effective and promising approach for investigating the reaction mechanisms of advanced oxidation processes at the subatomic level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,test
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_10.png,D,"Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time dependent signals. Continuous measurement of the most important chemical species (including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules, and radicals) is possible through electrochemical and optical methods. The cover image represents this interface between technology and plants. See Coatsworth et al.
Image: Philip Coatsworth, Tarek Asfour, Firat Güder. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_12.txt,multiBv1,7_12.txt,"Molecular junctions – building blocks for constructing future nano-electronic devices – serve as a platform to both squeeze light at sub-diffraction dimensions and apply electric bias voltage between electrodes. The mutual conversion between photons and electrons in molecular junctions is critical. Electrical plasmon excitation results in photon emission while localized surface plasmon triggers novel electron transport behaviours, which are at heart of the investigation in plasmonic interplay within molecular junctions. See Wang et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Tech. Ltd, China. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_3.txt,sbert,6_3.txt,"Inserting atoms, ions or molecules between the pristine molecular layers of a 2D material can have a remarkable effect on its properties. Such fine tuning can be exploited to optimize the properties of these materials for applications in thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. The intercalation process can be studied in real-time by in situ imaging and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The cover image illustrates a typical intercalation process of foreign species moving into the gaps between a layered material. See Yang et al.
Cover Image: Ruijie Yang, Zhiyuan Zeng. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.txt,allv2,8_7.txt,"The interface between an electrode and electrolyte is crucial for electrochemical devices. Charged and neutral species interact in this region, which can lead to compositional and structural changes of the electrode, in turn altering the interface itself. Further to this, an electrochemical system’s reaction efficiency and selectivity, and overall physical stability can degrade over time. Understanding how electrochemical interfaces behave before, during, and after operation is therefore critical. This Review discusses a range of complementary techniques to study this interface as shown on the cover where incident irradiation of different wavelengths interrogate a golden surface. See Pastor et al.
Image: Ernest Pastor & F. Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,val
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_10.png,D,"A macroscopic fiber capable of transmitting electrical signal, light and drugs is pulled to create brain probes with a diameter <50 μm. Canales et al. demonstrate the utility of the probes for studying neural function in freely moving animals for extended periods of time (p 277).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/33_10.txt,ave_3,33_10.txt,"Artist's impression of an integrated blood barcode chip for rapid, multiplexed detection of biomarkers. Fan et al. separate plasma from whole blood in a microfluidic device that captures proteins of interest using antibodies immobilized by DEAL technology and detects them using fluorophore-labeled antibodies (p 1373). Credit: Ken Eward ©BioGrafx.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"Focus on wearable sensors
Wearable sensors are evolving to provide accurate, continuous and wireless monitoring of our health and disease states. Using designs and materials that interface seamlessly with skin, accessing a range of bodily fluids with minimally invasive systems, and measuring analytes that inform on human physiology, wearable devices are poised to provide data resources for research and clinical applications.
See In this issue
Image: J. Rogers, Northwestern University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_9.txt,allv2,37_9.txt,"Point-of-care monitoring
A miniaturized ultrasonic system can provide full-body monitoring and diagnosis. Lin et al. engineer a soft, wireless ultrasound device to measure deep body signals in moving subjects, offering a hands-free solution for continuous, comprehensive health tracking at the point of care.
See Lin et al.
Image: Muyang Lin, University of California San Diego. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_4.png,C,"Fibroblast cell forming filopodia on nanopatterns
Scanning electron microscope image (pseudo-color) of a fibroblast cell forming filopodia along nanofibers functionalized by the integrin-binding peptide Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD). The nanopatterns are arrays of 20-nm-wide lines with 80-nm center-to-center distance in each line pair. Functionalization of ligands on titanium nanopatterns enables super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to study cell–ligand interactions at the molecular scale.
See Jain et al.
Image: Haogang Cai, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_3.txt,multiBv1,17_3.txt,"The cytoarchitecture of an ALI-CO
The cover shows an air–liquid interface cerebral organoid (ALI-CO) expressing foci of a membrane-targeted GFP construct (cyan) and stained for the pan-neuronal cytoskeletal marker TUBB3 (red), the axonal marker SMI312 (green) and the neuronal transcription factor NeuroD2 (blue). Thick axon bundles project around the edges and toward the center of the organoid, outlining lobules containing neuronal nuclei and axons in a radially ordered lattice.
See Giandomenico et al.
Image: Stefano L. Giandomenico. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_11.txt,allv2,16_11.txt,"Microfluidic system to isolate neuronal compartments
Neurons of the dorsal root ganglia grow along channels of microfluidic chambers. This enables the isolation and subsequent study of membrane protein dynamics in discrete neuronal somas (orange) and axons (blue). See Tyagi et al.
Image: Elizabeth Akin, Grant Higerd-Rusli and Sidharth Tyagi, Yale University. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_4.txt,groundtruth,19_4.txt,"Pupillometry as a readout of locus coeruleus activation
Merged image of a human iris (white) and noradrenergic neurons (yellow) of the locus coeruleus from a DBH-iCre mouse. Visualization of the noradrenergic neurons is a consequence of triple-labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (green), virally encoded floxed mCherry (red, delivered via an AAV-5 stereotactic injection) and a neuronal marker (Nissl bodies, blue).
See Privitera et al.
Image: Microscopy image taken by Amalia Floriou-Servou, photograph of the iris by Edouard Janssens, image merging by Sarah Steinbacher. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_5.txt,sbert,15_5.txt,train
iScience,27_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_4.png,D,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts a trans-omic network in response to insulin stimulation.
It consists of signaling proteins, transcription factors, genes, metabolic enzymes,
and metabolites, as demonstrated by Kawata et al. (vol 6, 2018). Although the image
looks like a subway map or an electrical grid, it actually represents all of the signals
insulin causes in mouse cells, highlighting how big-data trans-omics may create a
better understanding of diabetes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the interconnectedness of the elements affected
during urban ecosystem rehabilitation plans: the health of the environment and all
living beings, urban architecture, and human psychological perception. In the foreground,
the head symbolizes a “green city” built upon scientific foundations, with intertwined
natural and architectural elements, idealizing a balanced system where micro- and
macrobiomes healthily coexist. In the mirror reflection, invasive species, pathogens,
and pests highlight the challenges that need to be scientifically monitored to prevent
them from becoming negative aspects of the green transition toward the cities of tomorrow.
This vision is the core of the perspective by Bruno et al., providing an evidence-based urban rehabilitation framework. Image credit: Giulia
Ghisleni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_2.txt,ave_2,27_2.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,groundtruth,27_4.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_5.png,D,"Tissue adaptation, inspired by the Review on p807.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_1.txt,multiBv1,23_1.txt,"Spleens, inspired by the Review on p705.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_2.txt,allv2,23_2.txt,"COVER: Antigen presentation, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_1.txt,sbert,22_1.txt,"Emergency myelopoiesis, inspired by the Review on p596.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_5.txt,groundtruth,24_5.txt,val
Nature Neuroscience,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_1.png,D,"Hundreds of regions across the genome have now been implicated in disorders of the brain, but navigating this data deluge and translating it into biological and mechanistic insights remains a challenge. In this special issue on neurogenomics, we present a series of Perspectives and Reviews by leading experts on the latest genomic methods, their recent discoveries in psychiatry and neurology, and their implication for and application to neuroscience. Cover image by Alexander Arguello. (p 745, pp 756-800)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_7.txt,ave_2,17_7.txt,"Next-generation clonal tracing
Ratz et al. present a robust method to barcode progenitor cells, enabling profiling of cell phenotypes and clonal relations using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to provide an integrated approach for understanding brain architecture. The cover art illustrates uniquely barcoded progenitor cells that develop into a range of diverse cell types.
See Ratz et al.
Image: Lesya Adamchuk (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.) Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/25_10.txt,allv2,25_10.txt,"Single-cell atlas of the mouse brain
In this issue, Ueda and colleagues use a new tissue clearing and expansion approach to build an editable, single-cell-resolution mouse brain atlas called CUBIC-Atlas. The cover image illustrates the pointillistic nature of this new atlas that is linked to its single-cell resolution.
See Murakami et al.  21 , 625–637 (2018)
Image: Tomoyuki Mano. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/21_9.txt,sbert,21_9.txt,"Focus on single-cell genomics in neuroscience
Single-cell and single-nucleus genomics pave the way for a comprehensive understanding of the nervous system and its diverse cell populations. Realizing this potential depends on meticulous planning, execution, and analysis. In this Focus Issue, three reviews from leaders in the field summarize best practices. The cover illustration symbolizes this effort with two hands pulling on a string, unraveling the complexity of the nervous system.
See Gokce et al. , Nowakowski et al. and Liddelow et al.
Image: Tyas Widayati. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_10.png,C,"The realization of metasurfaces on unconventional materials can enable advances in integrated optoelectronics and high-temperature photonics. Highlighted on the cover, the front image depicts a plasmonic metasurface made from single-crystalline titanium nitride thin films and its optical intensity profiles in the near-field and far-field regimes. The background image represents large-area patterning of a range of different titanium nitride metasurfaces designed by an evolutionary algorithm that can be prototyped on a single substrate. The highlighted metasurface consists of an array of anisotropic nanoholes that enable dynamic switching between two different focal points (blue and red) by changing the polarization state of incident light. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00955. Image courtesy of Teri W. Odom",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_10.txt,allv2,2017_10.txt,"Wang et al. report the design of a gradient metasurface consisting of gold microrods patterned on the top surface of a lithium niobate subwavelength rectangle waveguide, with highly asymmetric propagation over a broadband THz spectrum. Additionally, based on the time-resolved phase contrast imaging, the behavior of asymmetric transmission is resolved in real-space in the experiment. These findings are relevant for the design of devices for on-chip information processing in which preventing undesired light interference is desired.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2019_6.txt,ave_2,2019_6.txt,"The roadmap for optical metasurfaces highlights unique opportunities for the field when strong scientific achievements coincide with substantial industrial demand, driving metasurface research and technology development toward its future impact.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"This work demonstrates conformable holographic metasurfaces designed for unique and arbitrary surface topologies. The authors show that the substrate shape contributes to the symmetry properties of the hologram. Additionally, the sensitivity of the hologram to the specific surface profile can be controlled by engineering the distribution of the information on the metasurface. The cover art depicts an ensemble of identical holographic metasurfaces placed on different keys. Only the correct key “unlocks” the information encoded in the hologram. The practical applications of this work include security printing technologies, surface topology and polarization sensors. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01449. Image courtesy of James Burch.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2018_8.txt,ave_3,2018_8.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_2.png,A,"Radical strain-release
The authors report the use of azabicyclic scaffolds that release their ring strain thanks to an organic photosensitizer activated by visible light. The consequent radical ring opening enables the incorporation of organic fragments, allowing access to functionalized azetidines.
See Rodríguez et al.
Image: Benjamin Large. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"A light touch for polymers
Remote-controlling living polymerization processes by the flip of a light switch offers great potential for the synthesis of sophisticated macromolecules. Now, Eisenreich et al. have created a photoswitchable catalyst, which allows for control over both the length as well as the monomer incorporation into the growing polymer chain by illuminating with light of the proper wavelength.
See Eisenreich et al.
Image: Fabian Eisenreich and Michael Kathan (Humboldt University). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/1_6.txt,sbert,1_6.txt,"Thin photo-factories
In their work, Wenbin Lin and colleagues introduce a family of tunable artificial enzymes equipping metal–organic framework monolayers with an amino acid-coordinated metal centre and photoactive cofactors. Different analogues of such photoactive catalysts can thus be integrated into an efficient artificial photosynthesis system.
See Lan et al.
Image credit: Wenbin Lin. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_2.txt,ave_2,5_2.txt,"Two catalysts in synergy
The cover highlights a one-pot process whereby a molecular photocatalyst is used for the generation of C(sp 3) radicals from substrates functionalized as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and an iron-metalloenzyme performs azidation of such radicals in an enantioselective fashion.
See Rui et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth. Image: Xiongyi Huang, Johns Hopkins University, USA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.png,A,A methodology termed “quasi-ternary phase diagram” was devised to serve as a foundation in process design of solvent-mediated physical separation of a multicomponent solid mixture.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,A mathematical model has been developed based on boundary-forming points in a solid–solid–liquid ternary phase diagram for tie-line prediction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.txt,multiBv1,2024_29.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Rios et al., “Strategy for the Management of Thermodynamic Data with Application to Practical Cases of Systems Formed by Esters and Alkanes through Experimental Information, Checking-Modeling, and Simulation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04918); Z. Yu et al., “Mixing of Stratified Miscible Liquids in an Unbaffled Tank with Application in High Concentration Protein Drug Product Manufacturing” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04618); and J. R. de Andrade et al., “Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals from Water and Wastewater Using Nonconventional Low-Cost Materials: A Review” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05137)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_43.txt,allv2,2018_43.txt,Structure–interaction–dissolubility relationships within various MeSH–solvent systems were revealed through computational investigation coupled with solubility measurement. A,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_32.txt,ave_2,2022_32.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_8.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Jinnou et al. (128–137) show that radial glial fibers
persist in injured neonatal mouse brains and support migration of ventricular-subventricular
zone (V-SVZ)-derived neuroblasts toward the injured area, leading to neuronal regeneration.
The cover image illustrates neuroblasts (represented by flying birds) from the V-SVZ
(the phoenix) migrating along radial glial fibers (tail feathers) to regenerate the
injured neonatal brain. Cover design by Space-Time Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"On the cover: “Culturing iPSC-derived neurons on coatings with ‘dancing’ ECM-mimetic
molecules facilitates advanced functional maturation.” In this issue, Álvarez et al.
(219–238) report on the use of artificial extracellular matrices (ECMs) based on peptide
amphiphile supramolecular nanofibers that display the laminin-derived IKVAV signal
on their surface (green). The non-bioactive domains (red) of the fibers determine
the degree of motion, while the inner hydrophobic domain (grey) facilitates the formation
of 3D fiber structures. The nanofibers with greater intensity of internal supramolecular
motion exhibit enhanced bioactivity toward iPSC-derived neurons and facilitate their
functional maturation. In this image, the roots of a neuron (depicted as a tree) are
implanted into the fibers. The tree is transitioning to a bar code encoding the title
of the journal. The neuron is breaking the fourth wall and interacting with the journal
cover title letters, implying a connection between stem cells and the IKVAV epitopes.
Image courtesy of Mark Seniw, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_11.txt,multiBv1,30_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sun et al. report that the neonatal spinal cord extracellular matrix (ECM) provides developmental
cues for spinal cord neural progenitor cells and organoids to promote host-graft neural
connections, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury. Their
findings suggest that the remarkable regenerative ability of the neonatal spinal cord
may stem from its favorable ECM environment. The cover shows the neonatal spinal cord
ECM molecular “workers” connecting the axonal “cables” of the organoid spheroids to
spinal cord “plugs” to rebuild the neural network. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"On the cover: Pinwheels on the surface of the brain ventricles reveal an unexpected
center-surround organization for the adult neural stem cell niche. The center contains
small apical endings (blue) of subventricular stem cells, and the periphery has the
large apical surfaces of multiciliated ependymal cells (warm colors), including a
novel type of ependymal cell with two cilia. Adult neural stem cells retain fundamental
epithelial properties, including apical and basal compartmentalization, significantly
reshaping our understanding of this adult neurogenic niche. Artwork by Kenneth Xavier
Probst. For details see Mirzadeh et al. (265). In addition, related papers by Tavazoie
et al. (279) and Shen et al. (289) look at the contribution of the vasculature to
this stem cell niche.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_10.png,D,"Global warming is likely to increase soil organic carbon decomposition, and thus CO2 release to the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback cycle. Inclusion of realistic estimates of soil black carbon in prediction models results in a decrease in soil CO2 emission in Australia by up to 24.4% following a 3 °C warming over 100 years, suggesting that black carbon reduces the strength of this feedback. The image shows a high-fuel-load, high-intensity savanna fire near Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. (Image credit: R. D. Graetz.)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"Wildfire in disturbed ecosystems
Prescribed burning has far less impact on peat growth and carbon sequestration than previously thought, according to a long-term experiment in fire-managed peat moorlands in England. Managed burning may be a viable strategy for making peatlands more resilient to devastating wildfire. The image shows prescribed burning of moorland in upland Britain.
See Marrs et al. and News & Views by Cochrane
IMAGE: Robert Marrs. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/12_11.txt,sbert,12_11.txt,"An episode of climate warming 200 million years ago was associated with catastrophic environmental changes. Experimental and palaeontological data suggest that a climate-driven shift to more flammable leaf shapes contributed to increased fire activity in East Greenland at this time. The image shows a scientific illustration of the luxuriant forest that covered East Greenland during the Late Triassic. Illustration by Marlene Hill Donnelly, commissioned by Jennifer McElwain.
Letter p426; News &#38; Views p381",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"Ancient human influence on wildfires
A shift towards more frequent, less intense fires in Australia began about 11,000 years ago due to management by indigenous societies, according to charcoal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon records from cored lake sediments extending back 150,000 years. The image shows a raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig on Girraween Lagoon, northern Australia, looking over to Eucalypt savanna woodland. Middle right is the raft-mounted hydraulic coring rig used to take 18 metres of sediment from the bottom of the lake.
See Bird et al.
Image: Chris Wurster, James Cook University. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_10.txt,groundtruth,17_10.txt,val
Trends in Immunology,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_7.png,A,"The effect of COVID-19 on the high number of immunocompromised
people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), particularly in Africa, remains a global and significant
concern. On pages 511–522, Moore and colleagues discuss antibody responses to
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in PLWH vs. non-infected individuals. They also
provide insight into the effects of persistent SARS-CoV2 infection in PLWH, including
intra-host diversity, viral shedding, and variant evolution. The illustration depicts
the Fab
of a cross-reactive neutralizing antibody targeting the CD4 binding site of HIV-1
gp120.
Image credit: Mehau Kulyk, SPL/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,allv2,43_11.txt,"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients can control the virus for many
years when treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The virus, however,
persists in reservoirs of resting cells, and when treatment is stopped, high rates
of virus replication return. On pages 554–562, Siliciano and colleagues describe how
the recent report of an HIV-1-infected individual cured of disease by hematopoietic
stem cell transfer has re-ignited interest in developing strategies for virus elimination.
The authors review approaches for developing a functional cure for HIV-1 infection
and highlight remaining challenges in the field. Cover image credit: Gettyimages/Digital
Medical Collection/Ingram Publishing.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/33_2.txt,ave_3,33_2.txt,"In our effort to move against SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19, two review articles, by Thirumala-Devi
Kanneganti and colleagues (pages 1083–1099) and Penghua Wang and coworkers (pages
1100–1115), discuss recent findings about coronaviruses, innate immunity, and inflammation,
as well as the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis. Image credit:
Victor Lafuente Alonso/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_1.txt,multiBv1,41_1.txt,test
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_17.png,A,The Cr-doped large single-crystal diamond was synthesized under a high pressure and high temperature. The addition of Cr reduces the nitrogen content in the diamond. A low nitrogen synthesis environment is more conducive to the doping of Cr atoms into the diamond lattice. The Cr atom exists in the diamond in the form of Cr,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,Artistic depiction of a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond film grown on a gold-coated substrate over gold nanoparticles which form during deposition. Gold nanoparticle size can be controlled by the surface pretreatment or suppressed by growing a diamond nucleation layer in a linear antenna microwave chemical vapor deposition reactor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_7.txt,allv2,2019_7.txt,"Nd3+ single crystal grown by means of the Kyropoulos method. The lateral planes belong to {100}, {010}, {111}, {210}, and {120} families. The coloration of the crystal was caused by neodymium doping. As-grown Bi2ZnOB2O6:Nd3+ single crystal was confined with crystallographic planes due to its crystallization in the volume of the stoichiometric melt on a Bi2ZnOB2O6 seed oriented in the [001] direction (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 3656–3664).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_6.txt,ave_2,2017_6.txt,"Temperature cycling in the presence of additives is an effective method to modify crystal morphology and to avoid problems associated with extreme needle-like crystal shapes during processing. Traces of benzamide or nicotinamide suppress the growth rate at the tips of benzoic acid-isonicotinamide cocrystals leading to a more favorable equant morphology. See Erxleben, ter Horst, and co-workers (Cryst. Growth Des. 2021, 21,   10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01195). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_10.txt,multiBv1,2021_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_11.png,A,"Breast cancer mostly occurs in the upper quadrants of the breast, which is shown in the top left depiction of the breast. A huge number of changes result in neoplasms, which is depicted by the breast on the left (nonhomogenous breast tissue with numerous inconsistencies in the tissue). Changes in cancer proteomes, lipidomes, and metabolomes with respect to normal tissues, as well as chemotherapy-induced changes, are characterized in tumors with mass spectrometry. Samples derived from a tumor specimen are processed and applied for the separation of biological components by liquid chromatography and then subjected to a mass spectrometer for analysis. Identi",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Drugs of abuse and toxins include diverse drug classes and chemical properties, which has posed the greatest challenge for broad screening in routine toxicological analyses. This work evaluated an untargeted workflow for broad toxicological screening via 35 representative drugs of abuse and metabolites, represented on the left as chemical structures within whole blood. The resulting LC-QToF-MS data is convoluted (see the 3D mass, retention time, and intensity graph) but can be processed to positively identify analytes via their retention time, parent ion, and fragment ions, as exemplified by lorazepam.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,Comprehensive Landscape of the Dynamics of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Using High-Content Live Cell Imaging. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_9.txt,sbert,2017_9.txt,Contributions of Human Enzymes in Carcinogen Metabolism. See Review on pp 1316–1383.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2012_6.txt,allv2,2012_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_3.png,C,"In this Review, Carpenter et al. summarize the literature on spaced learning and retrieval practice strategies, and describe how metacognition guides strategy use in realistic learning situations.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"In this Perspective, Benedek et al. integrate memory research within existing creativity theorizing to provide a framework for how creative ideas arise.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_9.txt,ave_2,2_9.txt,"In this Review, Fawcett et al. describe intentional and unintentional forgetting in laboratory and real-world settings.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,sbert,3_2.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_2.png,B,"Seed plant origins
Cycads, such as Cycas panzhihuaensis, are one of the most ancient lineages of living seed plants. The genome of C. panzhihuaensis illuminates both the evolution of seeds and a mechanism of sex determination shared with Ginkgo.
See Yang Liu et al.
Image: Xun Gong, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_10.txt,ave_3,8_10.txt,"Genomic history of the modern rose
For more than five thousand years, roses have delighted us as ornamental and medicinal plants and as a source of natural scent. The genome assembly of a modern tetraploid rose and a genome variation map of more than two hundred accessions helps to untangle their genetic origin and domestication.
See Zhang, Z. et al.
Image: Ruihong Zeng, China Agricultural University. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Vintage genomics
The European grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was first domesticated 6,000 years ago and is often cultivated through cloning. Analysis of the genomes of seeds from archaeological sites identify grapes closely related or even identical to modern varieties being used for wine production as far back as the Iron Age.
See Ramos-Madrigal, J. et al.
Image: Westend61/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/5_7.txt,multiBv1,5_7.txt,"Doubling down on flower evolution
Flowers are the defining invention of the angiosperm lineage. Their diversity arises from the control of development of the shoot apical meristem, whose systems appear to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication.
See Hirakawa, Y.
Image: Y. Hirakawa. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_7.txt,allv2,8_7.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_12.png,C,"Diversity in the function of nucleic acids, proteins and other biological macromolecules is due in large part to the chemical modifications that they undergo during their biosynthesis and as they take part in their biological functions. The collection of pieces in this themed issue highlights the structural and functional importance of several post-translational modifications of proteins, as well as chemical modifications of nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. The cover image depicts a subset of the myriad chemical modifications explored in this issue as pattern pieces that are used to tailor biological macromolecules. Cover art by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/14_10.txt,allv2,14_10.txt,"Lighting up proteins by RNA editing
A method termed RENAPT combines RNA editing and site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, enabling introduction of small chemical tags into endogenous proteins for live-cell imaging. The cover depicts a super-resolution image of the GRP94 protein, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone (in red), achieved through RENAPT.
See Hao et al. and Doura et al.
Image: Tao Liu and Min Hao, Peking University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"Living with lipid mimics
Genetic code expansion (GCE) techniques are valuable for studying post-translational modifications by incorporating modified non-canonical amino acids into specific sites within target proteins. The image depicts lipidated proteins produced via GCE anchored to the membrane.
See Ding et al.
Image credit: Wenlong Ding and Chao Liu, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Metabolic mixology
Using cell-free protein synthesis and combinatorial pathway assembly in vitro, the iPROBE approach enables rapid generation and screening of engineered biosynthetic pathway ‘cocktails’ to identify and optimize high-performing combinations.
See Karim et al.
IMAGE: Justin Muir. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_5.txt,sbert,16_5.txt,test
ACS Polymers Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_4.png,B,"An artists' impression of the many proteins present in biological media, which interact in different compositions with the surface of polymer-coated nanoparticles. The type of polymer coating is decisive in the selection of proteins within the corona, which creates distinctive protein-covered surfaces that bias engagement with the biointerface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"The synthesis of amino-acid-derived polyanions is shown. These polymers, depending on the chemical identity of the amino acid, reveal chirality and tailored hydrophilicity, enabling them to accumulate in cell membranes in a particularly slow fashion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,"Biobased polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) were successfully synthesized via enzymatic polymerizations in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. A more sustainable alternative to current routes is presented by combining green catalysis and green solvents to produce FDCA-based polyesters, paving a promising new direction for polymer synthesis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_11.png,B,"Wind energy production has increased in recent years to mitigate climate change. However, climate change may itself modify wind energy resources. This Review discusses the climatic mechanisms influencing current and future wind energy production, finding spatial variability in projected responses and a dominance of internal variability. See Pryor et al.
Image: Miguel Navarro / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"Regions with low electricity generation and minor reliance on fossil fuels have potential to avoid fossil fuel dependence and directly transition to renewable energy systems. This Perspective explores the capacity of African countries to transition in such a way while meeting growing electricity demands.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"Hydropower is a renewable energy source that can contribute to growing energy demands. This Review considers the ecological consequences of hydropower plants on riverine systems and emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate ecological impacts to ensure sustainable development.
Simone Polattini / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_2.txt,ave_2,5_2.txt,"The transition to renewable energy requires notable quantities of technology metals and materials, the production of which causes substantial environmental damage. This Review discusses raw material extraction approaches that optimize technical performance and reduce environmental impacts. See Pell et al.
Image: Opla/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_3.txt,multiBv1,2_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_4.png,B,"Gharib et al. report the synthesis of rationally designed biocompatible porous AgPt NPs, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a shape-directing agent. The bimetallic AgPt NPs showed efficient enzyme-mimicking activity and also exhibited high cargo-loading capacity because of their porous structure. The cover represents the cargo-loaded porous AgPt nanozymes and their pH-switchable catalytic activity. H2O2 could be efficiently adsorbed on the AgPt NP surfaces and has two ways to be decomposed: (1) at acidic pH, it is decomposed into •OH radicals, which catalyze the oxidation of the peroxidase-substrate showing a peroxidase-like activity, or (2) at alkaline pH, it is decomposed into water and molecular oxygen, thereby exhibiting catalase-like activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2019_4.txt,ave_3,2019_4.txt,"A novel synthetic strategy to epitaxially grow unconventional-phase Pt with well-defined 2H facets via B doping of a nanoseed is illustrated, enabling the study of the crystal phase dependent catalytic property of a Pt nanocatalyst.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Exploring a new synthetic route for mixed-anion compounds is important from the standpoint of performance improvement of a specific function. Here we report a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach to synthesize well-defined octahedral-shaped Pb2Ti2O5.4F1.2 particles at mild conditions, which showed improved activity for visible-light H2 evolution.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_4.txt,multiBv1,2023_4.txt,"Hollow or porous nanomaterials featuring open interiors show great promise for various applications. Yang et al. report the synthesis of a novel individually encapsulated frame-in-frame structure. Via surface functionalization, the Pt−Ni nanoframe was solely captured in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), achieving a single core−shell structure. The growth mechanism study revealed that the one nanoframe core-to-one ZIF-8 nucleus attachment resulted in the unique one-to-one stoichiometry. Shown in the cover illustration is the inside view of this frame-in-frame nanocomposite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_6.txt,allv2,2020_6.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_417,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_417.png,B,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that reveals by superresolution imaging how different ligands control dimerization of the pattern recognition receptor TLR4. The image shows the crystal structure of mouse TLR4 in complex with its co-receptor MD-2 and the agonist LPS. [Image: PDB ID 3VQ2 visualized with the UCSF Chimera package],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_503.txt,sbert,10_503.txt,"COVER This week features a Protocol that describes how to used engineered thioredoxin to identify redox-reactive cell surface proteins. The image is reduced recombinant human thioredoxin based on PDB 3trx. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_417.txt,groundtruth,2007_417.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a cryogenic-chemical preservation method for analyzing the redox status of tissues in transgenic mice expressing a redox-sensitive probe. The image shows the signal from the probe in a developing mouse embryo, with the brighter signal indicating a higher oxidation state. [Image: Leticia P. Roma, Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_419.txt,allv2,9_419.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Wolpe et al. show that Panx3 in endothelial cells acts as a scaffold that stabilizes the transcription factor Bcl6 to protect against hydrogen peroxide–induced oxidative stress in blood vessels. The image shows hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin in a transverse section of a mesenteric artery from a mouse with an endothelial cell–specific deficiency in Panx3.  Credit: Wolpe et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_821.txt,ave_2,17_821.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_9.png,A,"Closing the loop of urea production
Urea is an essential nitrogenous fertilizer in modern agriculture. Its production, however, is too carbon and energy intensive. Here Chuanxin He and colleagues green this process through pulsed co-electrolysis of CO2 and nitrate.
See Qi Hu et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"Food and energy co-production
Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production.
See Miskin et al.
Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"Recovering and resourcing from manure wastewater
Recovering ammonia from manure wastewater has multiple sustainability benefits. Qin and colleagues develop an electrochemical process that allows such removal efficiently and enables the production of decentralized fertilizers and chemicals.
See Wang et al.
Credit: Matauw, Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_11.txt,allv2,7_11.txt,"Sustainable rice farming in South Asia
The overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of rice can have detrimental environmental effects. With a large dataset from more than 31,000 farmer fields in South Asia, Coggins and colleagues identify pathways optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice cropping systems across the region.
See Coggins et al.
Image: Arunabh Bhattacharjee / Alamy Stock. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/8_1.txt,multiBv1,8_1.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_1.png,A,"Integrins mediate mechanical forces crucial for neuronal adaptation.
On pages 1029–1043 in this issue, Jaudon et al. discuss the dynamic role of integrins
in processes ranging from ion channel regulation to synaptic plasticity. Their review
emphasizes the importance of these forces in shaping neuronal interactions,
integrating classical cell biology perspectives with emerging mechanobiology
concepts. The authors highlight mechanosensitivity as critical in advancing our
understanding of brain function. Cover design by Giuseppe Di Scipio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,"Integrins support cell adhesion by binding and transmitting extracellular matrix cues
to intracellular signaling pathways, and are crucial for embryonic development, tissue
maintenance and repair, and cancer progression. Traditionally believed to only signal
from adhesion sites at the plasma membrane, integrins have been recently found to
signal from endosomes. On pages 391–398 in this issue, Alanko and Ivaska discuss integrin-mediated
focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling at different cellular locations and propose
a mechanism for endosomal FAK signaling in cancer progression. Cover courtesy of iStockphoto/saturar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_9.txt,sbert,26_9.txt,"Studying the physical properties of cells and their environments provides insight
into the biological outputs of cellular systems, such as motility, adhesion and intracellular
trafficking. In this special focus issue, three articles provide a variety of perspectives
on the importance of considering the physical environment in the study of these processes.
On pages 423–427, David Weitz and colleagues hypothesise that the random fluctuations
of molecules caused by thermal agitation can influence (and are influenced by) active
movement of the cytoplasmic transport machinery, while Pierre Bongrand and colleagues,
on pages 428–433, suggest that similar tiny undulations of the cell membrane can shape
the initial information generated by cell-to-surface contacts and thereby bias later
consequences of these interactions. Finally, on pages 475–486 Olivier Thoumine and
colleagues give an overview of the ‘molecular clutch’ model used to describe the action
of integrins and IgCAMs in migrating cells and neuronal growth cones, respectively,
and suggest that this model can also be used to describe cadherin-based cell-cell
adhesions. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/19_5.txt,multiBv1,19_5.txt,"The molecular clutch hypothesis suggests a mechanism of coupling between integrins
and actin during cell migration, whereby a series of bonds that dynamically engage
and disengage link cells to their microenvironment. Recent studies have extended this
model to mechanotransduction. In this issue, Elosegui-Artola et al. (pages 356–367) review how cell dynamics and mechanotransduction are driven by molecular
clutch dynamics. The cover picture depicts a cell attaching to its environment through
specific bonds and applying force, which is the central message of the molecular clutch
model. Image design by Scixel.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/28_9.txt,allv2,28_9.txt,test
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_5.png,C,"α-glucosidase inhibition of 16 Ocimum accessions representing six species were investigated. In addition, a LC/DAD/Q-ToF quantification method was developed and validated for 14 compounds present in Ocimum. With an activity-guided bioassay, the primary compounds responsible for α-glucosidase inhibition were proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_5.txt,multiBv1,2022_5.txt,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"–liquid microextraction combined with the solidification of the aqueous phase. This method provides a reliable, sensitive, user-friendly, and eco-friendly alternative for detecting acrylamide levels in vegetable and fruit chips. The graphic was designed with the use of Microsoft Copilot.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Leptospermum honey bioactivity is defined by methylglyoxal concentration in the honey, which has been shown to correlate with dihydroxyacetone (DHA) concentration in the nectar from which the honey is derived. A new UPLC-MS/MS method is established to detect and quantify DHA, glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels in Leptospermum scoparium nectar. Aerial image by ACI.CAPTURE.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,test
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_9.png,C,"Enhancing NK cell-mediated tumor rejection
TIGIT is a coinhibitory receptor associated with T cell exhaustion. Tian and colleagues demonstrate that TIGIT is the predominant inhibitory receptor on NK cells in both humans and mice and its blockade enhances NK cell-dependent rejection of tumors in experimental models.
See Tian et al.
Image: Qing Zhang. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_6.txt,multiBv1,19_6.txt,"This month's Focus features a series of three specially commissioned Reviews and a Perspective that provide an in-depth analysis of signaling via the T cell antigen receptor and its regulation, as well as the functional consequences of the T cell antigen receptor's recognition of peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex molecules. See http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/TCRsignaling/index.htmlArtwork by Lewis Long depicts a TCR.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/15_4.txt,ave_3,15_4.txt,"Predicting and evaluating drugs for combination therapy
Guo and colleagues present a method known as CM-Drug for the identification of combination drugs that can boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. They validate this method using melanoma and lung cancer models in mice and explore one hit from their screen in further depth, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue taltirelin.
See Guo et al.
Image: Yun Xia. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,val
Cell Stem Cell,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/32_1.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_2.txt,allv2,32_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Pereira et al. (205–218) describe the induction of hemogenesis
in mouse fibroblasts via transduction of the transcription factors Gata2, cFos, Gfi1b,
and Etv6. The cover is an artistic representation of this induction process. In a
futuristic setting, a scientist programs a computer to program blood, leading to the
formation of hemogenic blood vessels and subsequently blood. Cover design and illustration
by Carlos-Filipe Pereira and Sandeep Menon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/13_5.txt,ave_2,13_5.txt,"On the cover: The dark side of stem cells. The image illustrates the elucidation of
stem cell features by flow cytometry and other methods. The work of Schindler et al.
(p. 43) demonstrates that hematopoietic stem cells expressing the chromosomal fusion
oncogene TEL-AML1 retain many normal features, including the potential to support hematopoiesis throughout
life, but acquire the propensity to give rise to leukemia. Thus, leukemia initiation
in stem cells does not necessarily involve overt transformation but may result from
more subtle alteration, or “corruption,” of stem cell programs. Cover design by Stephen
Drowne.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/5_6.txt,ave_3,5_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_6.png,B,"Gut–bladder microbiome axis
Shown is a cross-section of mouse distal colon, with fluorescent staining used to highlight host and bacterial features including the FimH adhesin, an important uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonization factor in both the gut and bladder. The colon is host to vast numbers of bacteria, both commensal and opportunistic, which can promote health or seed infection to distal sites such as the urinary tract. As part of the Urinary Tract Infection Microbiome project, women were recruited to a year-long study that analysed multi-omics analyses over time using blood, urine and faecal samples, and linked changes in gut microbiota with recurrent urinary tract infections. Understanding how colonization of the intestine affects clinical outcomes at distal sites such as the bladder will be key to reducing the recurrence of all urinary tract infections including those that are antibiotic-resistant.
See Worby et al.
Image: Philippe Azimzadeh, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/7_8.txt,multiBv1,7_8.txt,"Unravelling diet–microbiome interactions
This image depicts a Rube Goldberg-type representation of the gut microbiota, playfully showing the process of converting various food items into metabolites. In this issue, Quinn-Bohmann et al. have developed a community-scale metabolic modelling approach for predicting personalized short-chain fatty acid production by the gut microbiota in response to prebiotic, probiotic and dietary inputs. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid of interest in the paper, is featured as golden stick figures towards the bottom of the composition.
See Quinn-Bohmann et al.
Image: Sam D'Orazio and Institute for Systems Biology (ISB). Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,"Functional fluctuations in faecal flora
Longitudinal metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses of human faecal microbiomes reveal similar strain-level variation within and between individuals and allow dynamic functional variation to be tracked.
See Mehta et al. and Abu-Ali et al.
Image: Jason Lloyd-Price. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_10.txt,ave_2,3_10.txt,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes
Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.
See Vitkup, D. et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_8.png,B,"Mechano-metabolic programming of myeloid cells restricts tumor immunity
TGFβ-induced collagen deposition and metabolic programming of tumor-associated macrophages restricts the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells in the breast cancer microenvironment.
See Tharp et al.
Image: Mary Kate Hayward. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_6.txt,allv2,5_6.txt,"Efferocytosis links macrophage reprogramming and liver metastasis
Hepatic colonization by pancreatic cancer cells is accompanied by low-grade tissue injury and efferocytosis, which promotes macrophage reprogramming and liver metastasis.
See Astuti et al.
Image: Yuliana Astuti, University of Liverpool, UK. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"Linking EMT and the microbiome to colorectal cancer development
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition synergizes with the intestinal microbiome to boost the development of colorectal cancer.
See Slowicka et al.
Image: David Nittner, VIB-KU Leuven. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_7.txt,multiBv1,1_7.txt,"Mapping the microenvironment architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma
Spatial single-cell profiling of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma samples maps microenvironment architecture and heterogeneity, identifying functionally important immune cell populations.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lei Chen, National Center for Liver Cancer and Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_3.txt,sbert,5_3.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.png,A,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"Mapping landscapes, inspired by the Review on p171
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,test
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_7.png,C,Density functional theory calculations are used to probe the possibility of the formation of benzene from acetylene precursors on the surface of olivine dust particles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,A range of cationic hydroxylated silicon oxide species are produced and their infrared (IR) spectra are,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,ave_1,2023_8.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_8.png,C,"GPR17 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that is thought to interact with transcription factor Olig1, which promotes oligodendrocyte maturation and is required for myelin repair. Chen and colleagues show that GPR17 opposes the action of Olig1 in oligodendrocytes and acts as a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. The cover shows cultured oligodendrocytes differentiated from hippocampal progenitors.p 1398",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/12_2.txt,allv2,12_2.txt,"Glial cells contribute significantly to neuronal health and disease. Glia are implicated in the regulation of brain vasculature (and therefore ischemia and stroke) as well as myelination and repair, suggesting a role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this issue, we present six reviews and perspectives on the importance of glia in disease. The cover shows astrocytes in human parietal cortex, identified by GFAP labeling, courtesy of NancyAnn Oberheim and Takahiro Takano. (pp 1349-1394)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/10_2.txt,multiBv1,10_2.txt,"Common chemicals harm oligodendrocytes.
Chemicals in household products may affect brain development through direct toxic effects on oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the central nervous system. These chemicals can be found in many consumer products, including hair conditioners, disinfecting wipes, and mouthwash. Because oligodendrocytes can develop and myelinate throughout childhood, the chemicals may pose a significant health risk to children. This image depicts a setting in which a child may be exposed to the identified chemicals. In this image, a myelinated neuron and oligodendrocytes float in the water of a bathtub, where they are covered in quaternary compounds.
See Cohn et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_8.txt,groundtruth,27_8.txt,"Targeting and manipulating the activity of specific neuronal populations is crucial for understanding brain function. In this issue, Ghashghaei and colleagues chemogenetically manipulated developmentally defined circuits in the forebrain and discovered two circuits that differentially regulate processing and learning of aversive versus appetitive odors. Image: Artistically rendered confocal image of distinct neuronal populations in the mouse olfactory bulb. Credit: Troy Ghashghaei. (p 20)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_12.txt,sbert,20_12.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.png,D,The atomic-level structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for polysulfides conversion is rarely investigated in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. This work proposes a novel exfoliation-evaporation strategy to fabricate Co SACs with different N coordination numbers and elaborately investigates the relationship between N coordination number and polysulfides redox kinetics. The image illustrates the excellent catalytic activities of Co SACs with a low coordination number for both oxidation and reduction processes of sulfur species.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_12.txt,ave_3,2022_12.txt,"The image presents the C-N coupling process via the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and N2, NOx, or NH3 on heterogeneous dual-active site catalysts (DACs). The perspective in this issue by Hu et. al. summarizes the recent progress and the potential of the emerging DACs in producing high-value chemicals (urea, amides, etc.) through coupling CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules, which offers opportunities for resolving carbon emission issues while fueling society.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_3.txt,allv2,2021_3.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,The screening of most suitable dual atom alloy catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to C1 and C2 products is accelerated implementing integrated density functional theory and machine learning methods.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.png,A,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,"Pazopanib alleviates LPS-induced inflammation through the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. A schematic diagram shows our small molecule compound library screening, and the VEGFR inhibitor pazopanib inhibits microglial hyperactivation and protects dopaminergic neurons from neuroinflammation-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. Pazopanib alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_7.txt,sbert,44_7.txt,"Cover Credit: Mechanisms of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) agonist on inhibiting intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Activation of TGR5 by OM8 enhanced cAMP/PKA signaling, which led to upregulation of c-FLIP expression, and subsequently suppressed JNK phosphorylation, thereby antagonizing TNF-α induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_5.txt,allv2,44_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Under transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/Re) condition in vivo and in vitro, astrocyte-derived VEGFD activates the VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) located on the membrane of astrocytes and microglia, respectively, disrupting astrocytic interleukin-3 (IL-3)/microglial IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα) crosstalk, leading to the activation of A1 astrocytes and M1 microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory cytokines. The disruption of this crosstalk between IL-3 and IL-3Rα induces lipid metabolic reprogramming of microglia evidenced by upregulating CPT1A expression, a rate-limiting enzyme for the mitochondrial β-oxidation, causing accumulated lipid droplets (LDs), activated microglia and neuroinflammation, reduced glycerophospholipids levels, microglial phagocytosis dysfunction and necrosis, as well as neuronal cell death. The therapeutic interventions by VEGFR antagonist axitinib or exogenous IL-3 can reestablish the IL-3/IL-3Rα crosstalk, reducing astrocytes and microglia activation, LDs accumulation and neuroinflammation, and restoring microglial phagocytotic function, ultimately contributing to brain recovery from tMCAO insult. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01405-6). See the article in pages 292–307",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_1.txt,multiBv1,46_1.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_10.png,D,The fluorogenically active ZIP tag-probe system for protein imaging inside the cells was developed as the second generation. The distribution of the probe peptide in the cytosol was enhanced by conjugation of a cell penetrating peptide and pre-treatment of cells by 1-pyrenebutyrate. The protein localization and translocation were successfully imaged without washing steps. The system is simple to handle and highly compatible with virtually any protein inside the cells (see Nomura et al. on page 1080).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_7.txt,allv2,2015_7.txt,"Structural characterization of macromolecular assemblies is often limited by the transient nature of the interactions. The development of specific chemical tools to covalently tether interacting proteins to each other played a major role in various fundamental discoveries in the past, and without doubt, they will continue to pave the way for many remarkable discoveries in the future. Credit is given to Shutterstock, Inc. for the image of the black background with triangular particles. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 6SIU).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2021_8.txt,ave_3,2021_8.txt,"The surface molecular architecture of biofunctionalized nanoparticles leads to a set of locally correlated cellular events, and thereby recognition at the cellular level. To develop functional bionanoconstructs, design and preparation must be informed by the nature of these bionanoscale recognition events and their controlling features. The protein structures were obtained from RSCB PDB (PDB ID: 1SUV and 6SOZ) with 3D images generated using VMD http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/ and Blender 2.8 software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2022_10.txt,sbert,2022_10.txt,"Engineering of the primary structural protein of gas vesicles, GvpA, with the tetracysteine tag enables its reaction with the fluorogenic molecule FlAsH and subsequent visualization of the assembled gas vesicle structures inside cells with fluorescence microscopy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,test
Chemistry of Materials,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_4.png,A,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover art depicts cartoon versions of luminescent materials (fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins, a metal complex, a nanocluster, a carbon nanotube, a polymer nanoparticle, and inorganic nanoparticles) dressed up as a superhero team to tackle challenges in bioanalysis and imaging. As described in the Perspective, each material has strengths and weaknesses, necessitating a multi-material approach in this important field. For more information, see “Heroes or Villains? How Nontraditional Luminescent Materials Do and Do Not Enhance Bioanalysis and Imaging” by W. Russ Algar* (Chem. Mater. 2020, 32, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01130).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2020_13.txt,ave_3,2020_13.txt,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,"There is plenty of room at the nanoparticle surface: the cover features a network of interactions emanating from the ligands on the surface of nanomaterials, which can play a decisive role in achieving functions within and beyond our predictions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2022_8.txt,ave_2,2022_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_26,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_26.png,C,"Surface Evolution of Perovskite Catalytic Materials: A-site dissolution and oxygen-vacancy formation converts the surface of the Lax-1SrxCoO3 perovskite into an amorphous CoOxΗy layer that, together with trace levels of Fe species present in the electrolyte, forms dynamically stable Fe active sites that catalyze O2 production. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_45.txt,ave_3,2021_45.txt,"Perovskite oxides, including SrTiO3, have important functionalities in energy conversion and information processing devices. It has been found that dislocations in SrTiO3 can be preferentially reduced and form electronically conducting channels, but they do not enhance the oxide ion mobility. These findings have important implications especially for quantifying the resistive switching kinetics in SrTiO3. See Yildiz and co-workers, p 4735.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_38.txt,ave_2,2015_38.txt,"A dataset of high-quality band gaps for perovskite materials is first generated through an advanced electronic structure method and then used to develop a simple but accurate band-gap model through artificial intelligence. This enables a search across large databases, leading to the identification of promising halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_26.txt,groundtruth,2024_26.txt,"Selective injection of holes through electrochemical anodic bias can probe the effect of hole trapping in mixed halide perovskite films. The iodide gradually gets expelled from the mixed halide film, which provides insight into the photoinduced phase segregation of perovskite solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_25.txt,allv2,2019_25.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_7.png,A,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent covers of J. Phys. Chem. C. Top left: B12@Mg20B12: A Stable Molecular Pentakis Dodecahedron (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (29), 17639–17643. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12141). Top right: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (35), 21309–21326. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02178). Middle: Safer-by-Design Fluorescent Nanocrystals: Metal Halide Perovskites vs Semiconductor Quantum Dots (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (20), 12527–12541. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12228). Bottom right: Unraveling Excitonic Effects for the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Chromophore Aggregates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (22), 13818–13836. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12445). Bottom left: Spatially Controlled Reduction and Growth of Silver in Hollow Gold Nanoshell Particles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (16), 10614–10621. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11864).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_38.txt,ave_3,2020_38.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent covers of J. Phys. Chem. C. Top left: B12@Mg20B12: A Stable Molecular Pentakis Dodecahedron (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (29), 17639–17643. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12141). Top right: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (35), 21309–21326. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02178). Middle: Safer-by-Design Fluorescent Nanocrystals: Metal Halide Perovskites vs Semiconductor Quantum Dots (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (20), 12527–12541. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12228). Bottom right: Unraveling Excitonic Effects for the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Chromophore Aggregates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (22), 13818–13836. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12445). Bottom left: Spatially Controlled Reduction and Growth of Silver in Hollow Gold Nanoshell Particles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (16), 10614–10621. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11864).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_52.txt,allv2,2020_52.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559). Clockwise from top left: Effects of Pore Arrangement of TiO2-Coated Porous Alumina Membranes on Photocatalytic Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (15), 6478–6486. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01029); Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (9), 3632–3640. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367); Ultrafast Energy Funneling in Two-Dimensional Mixed-Halide Perovskites Caused by Intrinsic Halide Immiscibility (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (1), 279–286. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07170). In Situ Tracked Hybridization Phenomenon of Gold Nanorods in Monolayer Systems (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 6065–6071. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08164); Tailoring the Reaction Pathway for Control of Size and Composition of Silver–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (21), 8660–8671. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00321).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.txt,multiBv1,2025_9.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.png,C,The picture shows the serotonergic system highlighted by the GFP reporter on a horizontal brain section of the Tph2GFP knockin mouse line,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.txt,allv2,2024_17.txt,The image shows a tissue slice of the mouse hippocampus that has been digitally enhanced to highlight the different tissue regions. The light arc through the middle of the image shows the cornu ammonis (CA) over the also light-colored dentate gyrus. The pyramidal cells within the CA form networks that are commonly studied in particular for work related to learning and memory. Image credit: Marissa Cabay.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_11.txt,multiBv1,2018_11.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,val
Environment & Health,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_10.png,C,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,", the model organism zebrafish exhibits an inflammatory response.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Toxicological assessment of compounds to aquatic life plays an important role in protecting the water environment from their hazards. We present a web-based server, AquaticTox, for predicting acute toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic organisms. This tool could facilitate the identification of aquatic toxic chemicals and the design of green molecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,train
Joule,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_2.png,B,"On the Cover: Light-independent biological conversion of CO2 is a key ingredient for successful CO2 utilization that yields environmental and economic benefits. Producing both high-margin
products and high-volume products will promote economic and global-scale CO2 utilization. Top: the hourglass depicts the transformation of CO2 by microorganisms into various chemical building blocks. Bottom: over time, the CO2-derived bioproducts help build a sustainable future. Cover art by Meredith Fields.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The rising global population is driving increased demand for food production
while farmers around the world confront unprecedented challenges due to changing climate
conditions. The cover image showcases a prototype electro-agriculture system, which
produces food using CO2 as the raw material. As presented by Crandall et al., this approach combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to boost food production efficiency. By utilizing
acetate generated from CO2 through renewable electricity, electro-agriculture enables the heterotrophic growth
of crops, bypassing the efficiency constraints of photosynthesis. Artist/image source:
Feng Jiao (Washington University in St. Louis in the United States).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_1.txt,allv2,9_1.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_3.png,C,"Light exposure and mental health
The November issue’s cover references a study published this month by Burns et al. detailing patterns of increased night-time light exposure associated with greater risk and increased daytime light exposure associated with decreased risk of psychiatric disorders and self-harm. The authors suggested a sunflower and the dynamics of heliotropism (i.e., a plant following the sun’s trajectory) as a metaphor for the effects of light on mental health and the possibility of its future use as an intervention.
See our Editorial for more on light and the potential effects of urbanization and urbanicity on mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,test
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.png,C,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,ave_2,2024_2.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_2.png,A,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of the potential mechanisms underlying mitophagy against hypoxia-ischemia-induced neuronal ferroptosis. In neonatal rat HIBD, mitophagy is activated as a protective response to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. BNIP3-dependent mitophagy mediated by Tat-SPK2 peptide maintains iron and redox homeostasis by facilitating P62-KEAP1-NRF2 pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid peroxidation and neuronal ferroptosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01365-x). See the article in pages 33–51",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,A schematic showing the underlying mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of Icariside II (ICS II) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis in rats. ICS II attenuates cerebral I/R-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in rats in a manner involving regulation of the MMP9/TIMP1 balance. See the article in pages 1547–1556.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/41_1.txt,multiBv1,41_1.txt,"Schematic diagram of the role of FOXO3a in TMZ-induced BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. TMZ treatment induced the excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide. The overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide not only resulted in mitochondrial depolarization and AIF translocation from mitochondria into nuclei but also led to intracellular accumulation of ROS and ROS-dependent DNA DSBs. Within nuclei, AIF could be recruited to γH2AX that are generated when DNA DSBs occur and could act as a nuclease to degrade DNA (chromatinolysis). Thus, mitochondrial superoxide contributes to TMZ-triggered glioma cell death. On the other hand, the expression of the transcription factor FOXO3a was upregulated by ROS and promoted the expression of BNIP3 and ATG5. BNIP3 was distributed to damaged mitochondria, and ATG5 initiated the formation of phagophores. Then, the mitochondria primed by BNIP3 were engulfed by phagophores to form mitophagosomes, and mitophagosomes fused with lysosomes to form mitolysosomes. Within mitolysosomes, mitochondria are eventually degraded by enzymes released from the lysosomes. Thus, autophagic removal of mitochondria with increased superoxide levels inhibited TMZ-induced glioma cell death via suppression of mitochondria-related oxidative stress. Taken together, these data show that FOXO3a protects glioma cells against temozolomide-induced DNA double-strand breaks via promotion of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_5.txt,allv2,42_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Bergapten on NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation produces potent therapeutic effects in a wide array of inflammatory diseases. The schematic describes that bergapten, a natural organic compound in herbal medicines and fruits, effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and pyroptosis through maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy, suggesting its potential role in suppressing the inflammatory response. See the article in pages 1867–1878.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_4.txt,sbert,44_4.txt,test
Nature Human Behaviour,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_8.png,D,"Replicability in social science
Replication initiatives are fundamental for scientific progress. Camerer et al. carried out replications of 21 Science and Nature social science experiments, successfully replicating 13 of 21 studies. Effect sizes of replications were about half the size of the originals.
See Camerer et al. and News & Views by Macleod
Image: FotografiaBasica / E+ / Getty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"Chimpanzee complex culture
Complex culture isn’t uniquely human. By sampling 39 chimpanzee populations across the African continent, Boesch et al. find that chimpanzees possess a highly diverse culture of termite fishing that differs strongly among groups. Individuals copy group-specific techniques and their combinations with high conformity to maintain a unique group culture.
See Boesch et al.
See also News & Views by Koops
Cover image: Minden Pictures / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_4.txt,allv2,4_4.txt,"Exploring vast problem spaces
How do humans search for rewards in unfamiliar environments, where not all options can be exhaustively explored? Wu et al. show how a combination of generalization and optimistic sampling guides efficient human exploration in complex environments.
See Wu et al.
Image: Mike Ellis, The New Yorker © Conde Nast. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"Chimpanzee social learning
Is know-how copying a uniquely human capacity? Van Leeuwen and colleagues demonstrate that chimpanzees use social learning to acquire a skill that they failed to innovate, which suggests that chimpanzees — like humans — use know-how copying to expand their skill set.
See Van Leeuwen et al.
Image: Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage and Clara Dubois. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.png,D,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"This study establishes CRISPO, an efficient tool for multicopy integration and pathway optimization in Pichia pastoris. By combining rDNA integration and fluorescence screening, CRISPO facilitates the construction of a yeast cell factory capable of producing geraniol at the highest titer and productivity ever reported.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,val
Cell Systems,15_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_2.png,D,"On the cover: Illustration of protein surface and pocket regions surrounded by “anchors.”
In this issue, Li et al. (p. 692–705) propose a deep-learning-based approach for representing
protein structures through learning effective features of the anchor points sampled
around protein surface and pocket regions. The models developed based on this protein
feature representation approach can be successfully applied to protein pocket detection
and protein-ligand binding affinity prediction.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_5.txt,ave_2,14_5.txt,"On the cover: An orb decorated with compound pairs hangs over a simple representation
of the genetic interaction landscape, which is the ultimate basis for how individual
compound effects may cooperate to alter cellular function. Wildenhain et al. (pp.
383–395) develop a machine learning approach to identify synergistic compound combinations
from unbiased chemical-genetic interaction data.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"On the cover: Artistic interpretation of the complex network of molecular interactions
that allows cells to communicate specifically with one another. In this issue of Cell Systems, Heidi Klumpe, Christina Su, Yaron Antebi, Michael Elowitz, and colleagues (p. 388)
develop new frameworks for analyzing a common feature of intercellular signaling pathways.
Experimental and computational analysis reveal how different ligands could function
equivalently in some receptor contexts but not others, allowing for combinations of
a small number of ligands to selectively activate or “address” cell types with different
receptor expression profiles. Image credit: Rob Soto for Maayan Visuals.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"On the cover: Four predicted ligand-receptor interactions using AlphaFold2, demonstrating
accuracy and structural resolution in identifying binding interfaces. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Danneskiold-Samsøe et al. introduce an approach leveraging AlphaFold2 for predicting ligand-receptor pairs.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_2.txt,groundtruth,15_2.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.png,B,"Unusual catalytic behavior and durability of three-component systems based on Pd-complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for addition polymerization (vinyl) of norbornenes bearing hydrocarbonic substituents. The Pd–N-heterocyclic carbene complex/phosphine/borate systems selectively catalyze polymerization of 5-alkylidene-2-norbornenes. Only the endocyclic norbornene double bond takes part in polymerization, resulting in soluble high-molecular weight products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_22.txt,allv2,2020_22.txt,The cover depicts N-heterocyclic carbene-carbodiimide (NHC-CDI) betaines as efficient organocatalysts for β-BL polymerization to produce light poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with well-defined Flory–Schulz molecular weight distributions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"The cover image describes an intramolecular acid–base cooperative catalysis strategy for the copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic thioanhydrides into the well-defined polythioesters, where the acid center is responsible for the activation of epoxides and the base center is responsible for the mediation of thioanhydrides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_13.txt,ave_3,2020_13.txt,"A three-component 1,4-dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes is achieved through the combination of decatungstate photo-HAT and nickel catalysis. This strategy allows the practical and modular synthesis of tetrasubstituted CF3-allenes. The most abundant hydrocarbons are used as feedstocks, and a wide range of synthetically versatile functional groups as well as complex drug-like structures can be easily incorporated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_9.txt,ave_2,2022_9.txt,train
Macromolecules,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_1.png,A,"The cover art illustrates the dehydrogenative polymerization of formamides and alcohols to polyurethanes, driven by activated Fe(II) or Ru(II) catalysts. Vibrant hydrogen bubble evolution highlights isocyanate formation via formamide dehydrogenation, with dynamic polymer chains representing the precision and flow of the polycondensation process, emphasizing innovation in catalytic polymer chemistry. Image credit: Dr. Johannes Richers/Dr. Benjamin Large (Jo Richers Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Addition of excess diisopropyl ether to a TiCl4-co-initiated, living carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene at −70 to −60 °C caps all chain ends with stable polyisobutyl diisopropyl oxonium ions.  In situ decomposition with a nucleophile, e.g., methanol, produces 100% exo-olefin-terminated polyisobutylene. See Macromolecules 2013, 46, 2049—2059.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2013_18.txt,sbert,2013_18.txt,"This perspective tends to highlight the importance of the organocatalysis to develop a sustainable polyurethane platform. In the last  years, organocatalysis has been demonstrated to be valuable in the conventional  synthesis of polyurethanes using diols and diisocyanates as well as in  isocyanate free synthetic routes. In the near future, organocatalysis will be a  key tool to 1) develop metal free polyurethanes for biomaterials, 2) move  from toxic isocyanates reagents to isocyanate-free approaches, 3) to replace  petroleum-based reagents with bio-based and/or 4) to make the transition from  organic solvent based to water based polyurethanes. See page 3153.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2015_15.txt,allv2,2015_15.txt,"The cover image represents the development of living or living-like polymerization methods by anionic (−), cationic (+), organometallic (M), and radical (∙) mechanisms, with a nod to future developments (?), in a loving tribute to the works of the recently deceased filmmaker George A. Romero. The accompanying Perspective includes a brief history of the development of living polymerization methods with a focus on the relationship between synthetic organic chemistry and polymer chemistry as well as the critical role played by the widespread availability of size exclusion chromatography as a rapid method for analyzing the “livingness” of polymerization methods. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_7.txt,multiBv1,2017_7.txt,train
Current Biology,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_12.png,A,"On the cover: Seeds? Ancient artwork? No, these are the eggs of 42 species of stick
and leaf insects. In this issue, Boisseau and Woods show that this spectacular diversity in size and shape has evolved within a complex
network of causal relationships among life history, ecological, and mechanical factors.
Variation in egg size is mainly explained by variation in female resource allocation
strategy (i.e., lay many but small or few but large eggs). In contrast, variation
in egg shape mainly reflects varying levels of mechanical constraints arising from
the passage through the reproductive canals of slender, twig-mimicking species or
from derived oviposition strategies including burying the eggs in the substrate or
gluing them to the host plant instead of dropping them. Image by Romain Boisseau,
Thies Büscher, and Tom van de Kamp.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,"On the cover: Individual notothenioid icefish (Neopagetopsis ionah) brood nests of more than 1,000 eggs below the frozen Weddell Sea, Antarctica. In
this issue, Purser et al. (pages 842–850) present compelling images from across an
active brooding colony of at least 240 km2 extent. Though individual and small colonies of a few 10s of nests have been observed
prior to the current study, here an active colony of an estimated 60 million adult
fish is described. The perfectly circular nest forms are presumably excavated by the
fish, with small rocky ice-rafted material entrapped within the sediments being too
heavy to be displaced by the active fish, and instead falling from a suitably hard
and aerated substrate onto which the eggs were deposited. The adult fish, mostly males,
guard the nests from scavengers and predators, such as the ophiuroids visible between
the nests in this image. This ice fish colony represents a huge locally concentrated
biomass, shown in the study to be likely utilized by diving Weddell seals during the
fish brooding period. Image by the Alfred Wegener Institute PS124 OFOBS team; used
with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_21.txt,multiBv1,32_21.txt,"On the cover: Rhopalotria furfuracea weevils are specialized brood-site pollination mutualists with Zamia furfuracea cycads and live their entire lifecycle closely associated with their host plant's
pollen cone. In this issue, Salzman et al. (pages 1654–1664) show that plant humidity
is acting in an equally strong manner for insect attraction as plant volatiles and
provide a deeper understanding of one of the most ancient pollination mechanisms yet
documented. Image by Michael Calonje.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_16.txt,allv2,33_16.txt,"On the cover: English pouter breed of domestic pigeon. Fancy pigeons were among Charles
Darwin's favorite models for the process of natural divergence in wild populations
and species. Over 350 breeds exhibit spectacular diversity in the skeleton, plumage,
and other morphological traits relative to wild populations. The English pouter shows
several derived traits under selection in domestic pigeons, including feathered feet,
upright posture, and a greatly enlarged, inflatable crop (an outpocketing of the esophagus).
In this issue, Stringham et al. (pages 302–308) elucidate the genetic relationships
among domestic pigeons and find that several derived traits were selected repeatedly
in different breeds. Photo © Thomas Hellmann; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_21.txt,sbert,22_21.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_38,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_38.png,A,"Metal atom encapsulated silicon cage superatoms (M@Si16) optimize electronic properties by satisfying both electronic shell closure and geometric filling. Group 6 metal encapsulation exceeds the 68-electron closed shell by 2 electrons. When deposited on a C60 substrate, these nanoclusters achieve +2 valency,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_38.txt,groundtruth,2024_38.txt,"Fan-shaped coclusters of silsesquioxane (green) and polyoxymetalate (red) self-assemble in solution forming honeycomb nanosheets. Like graphene, two or three such porous monolayers can overlay in different stacking modes. The huge specific area makes such truly 2D cluster-based metal–organic frameworks attractive for catalytic and many other potential applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_47.txt,allv2,2018_47.txt,"The cover is composed of scanning electron microscopy images of colloidal semiconducting organic nanocrystals. These size and shape controlled nanocrystals enable transformation of commercial organic colorants into solution-processed semiconductor devices, exhibiting promising characteristics even when fabricated by technologies as simple as paint brushing. See Heiss and co-workers, p 16522.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_6.txt,multiBv1,2014_6.txt,"The design of an atomically precise tetravalent silver nanocluster is described. The cluster features four unique tetrahedrally symmetrical binding surface sites facilitated by the supramolecular assembly of wide footprint bidentate thiols in the ligand shell. Each of these sites can be selectively functionalized by a single phosphine ligand. See Bakr and co-workers, p 11970.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_15.txt,sbert,2015_15.txt,val
JACS Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_1.png,C,"The same, but different? Acyl hydrolases and acyl transferases in polyketide synthases possess the same fold. One catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyl groups, the other transfers malonyl groups to carrier proteins. The first structure of an acyl hydrolase is reported, providing insights into the catalytic mechanism, substrate tolerance, and the carrier protein interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,The nature of the structures of active sites and the reaction pathways of catalysts can be resolved by operando experimental characterization coupled with multiscale computational approaches and machine learning techniques. The combination sheds light on understanding the reaction mechanism under real reaction conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_1.txt,ave_1,2021_1.txt,"Enzymes are thought to possess thermal tolerance and promiscuous activities that are useful for modern biocatalysis. Through ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR), researchers can revive ancient enzymes to catalyze diverse reactions with a robust scaffold. This perspective summarizes the ASR’s workflow and highlights its implications for enzyme design and exploration of catalytic mechanisms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Using the biomolecule DNA to tether porphyrin-based electrocatalysts to electrode surfaces improves their efficiency for carbon dioxide valorization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,train
Science,387_6731,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6731.png,D,"COVER Artistically rendered segment of a synthetic macromolecular ladder scaffold, inspired by a natural product structure, that unzips through ring-opening in response to mechanical force. The ensuing mechanochemical metamorphosis of the insulating polyladderene structure into semiconducting polyacetylene nanowires rapidly transforms the material's intrinsic properties and functions. See page 475.
 Illustration: Valerie Altounian/Science",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/357_6350.txt,ave_2,357_6350.txt,"COVER Illustration of woven molecular fabric. Interlacing threads to create woven patterns is among the oldest methods of making fabric, but until now, this technique has not been duplicated in complex chemical structures. Liu et al. used threads made from organic molecules linked together by strong covalent bonds to weave a three-dimensional covalent organic framework with unusual dynamical and mechanical properties. This molecular weaving method will enable the production of materials with increased precision and functionality. See pages 336 and 365.
 Illustration: C. Bickel/Science",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/351_6271.txt,allv2,351_6271.txt,"COVER Unlike polymers and metals, wood cannot be easily shaped. To close this processing gap, researchers have developed a method of cell wall engineering in which partial chemical delignification and a subsequent physical water-shock process make it possible to mold flat sheets of wood into versatile 3D structures (e.g., honeycombs) with substantially improved mechanical strength. See pages 400 and 465. Photo: Jiaqi Dai",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/374_6566.txt,sbert,374_6566.txt,"COVER Interwoven granular building blocks form crystallographic networks that are interlinked but not rigidly connected. A range of designs, based on rings or cages, can be made using additive manufacturing. Under stress, the networks show responses that are only partially like a liquid or a solid. This motif has similarities to chain mail used by medieval soldiers and has more recently inspired artist and creator communities. See pages 250 and 269.
Illustration: N. Burgess/Science; Data: W. Zhou et al., Science 387, 269 (2025).",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6731.txt,groundtruth,387_6731.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_404,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_404.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how phosphorylation of a tyrosine in the disordered N-terminal region of ACTN4 functions as a switch exposing a second phosphorylation site, important for regulation of the interaction of ACTN4 with actin. The image shows the predicted conformations of the N-terminal domain containing the two residues that are phosphorylated. [Image: Timothy Travers, Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_378.txt,allv2,8_378.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource demonstrating that the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme critical to fatty acid β-oxidation is increased by a posttranslational modification called S-nitrosylation, which involves the covalent attachment of nitric oxide to cysteine residues. The image shows fatty acid deposition in the liver of a mouse used as a model of obesity, a phenotype that is ameliorated by treatment with a compound that releases nitric oxide. [Image: Margarita Tenopoulou/Children�s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_256.txt,sbert,6_256.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective on regulation of nitric oxide synthase by β-actin. The image depicts a single monomer of β-actin. [Image based on PDB 2oan],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_404.txt,groundtruth,2007_404.txt,COVER This week features a  Perspective that discusses how the activity of SOS is regulated by the binding of an allosteric Ras molecule. The image shows SOS and two molecules of Ras based on PDB 1nvu.,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_414.txt,multiBv1,2007_414.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_24.png,A,This picture represents a hybridized membrane featuring lotus leaf mimetic hierarchies composed of wrinkled reduced graphene oxide microspheres and polytetrafluoroethylene nanorods for high-efficiency desalination via vacuum membrane distillation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"The present research provided excellent dispersion of a thin film composite membrane with high power density, excellent long-term performance stability, and good mechanical durability for salinity gradient energy generation. Sulfonated polymers and graphene nanosheets provide an essential platform for the development cost-effective and high performance renewable energy generation systems.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_38.txt,allv2,2023_38.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Y. Li et al., “Tailoring the Polyamide Active Layer of Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes with Combined Cosolvents during Interfacial Polymerization” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00682); Y. Feng et al., “Leveraging 3D Printing for the Design of High-Performance Venturi Microbubble Generators” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01509); and B. Liu et al., “Fe-Encapsulated ZSM‑5 Zeolite with Nanosheet-Assembled Structure for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01095).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_35.txt,ave_3,2020_35.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: C. M. Sanchez et al., “Hydrogen Stable Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes with Silver Carriers: Propylene and Propane Permeability and Solubility” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04886); H. Jiang et al., “Mixed-Matrix Membranes with Covalent Triazine Framework Fillers in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for CO2 Separations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04632); L.-C. Ma et al., “Gas Transport Properties of Teflon AF2400/Ceramic Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes in Dissolved-Gas-in-Oil Extraction” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06026); and T. H. Lee et al., “High-Performance Polyamide Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes Containing ZIF-8/CNT Hybrid Nanofillers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04810).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_41.txt,multiBv1,2020_41.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_46,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_46.png,B,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: U. A. Agú et al., “Highly Active Heterogeneous Fenton-like System Based on Cobalt Ferrite” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04042); A. V. Popov and R. Hernandez, “Solvation Dynamics in the Cybotactic Region of Gas-Expanded Liquids: A Decade Later” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03682); S. Ai et al., “Separation Strategies of Hydrogenation and Oxidation Products from Miscanthus for Bio-Ethylene Glycol Production” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05306); and M. Mansour et al., “Numerical Study of Gas−Liquid Two-Phase Flow Regimes for Upward Flow in a Helical Pipe” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05268).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_49.txt,allv2,2020_49.txt,Aqueous two-phase systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_46.txt,groundtruth,2024_46.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted paper: R. A. Farakte et al., “CFD Simulations of Two Phase Flow in Asymmetric Rotary Agitated Columns” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02720)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_1.txt,multiBv1,2018_1.txt,A methodology termed “quasi-ternary phase diagram” was devised to serve as a foundation in process design of solvent-mediated physical separation of a multicomponent solid mixture.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_8.png,A,"The two faces of copper metabolism in cancer, inspired by the Review on p370.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,"Understanding chromosomal instability in cancer, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.txt,sbert,21_4.txt,"A focus on oropharyngeal cancer, inspired by the Review on p306.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_8.txt,multiBv1,19_8.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_7.png,D,"A series of novel 4-methyl quinazoline-based PI3K/HDAC dual inhibitors was designed and synthesized, showing promise in discovery of new anticancer therapeutics by simultaneously targeting PI3K and HDAC pathways with a single molecule. (Zhang, K.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00390)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_10.txt,ave_3,2019_10.txt,"In this research, we designed and synthesized a series of benzodiazepine derivatives. The compound 25 was discovered as a potent vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of autosomal dominant kidney disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,kinetic relationship studies were performed upon a series of benzodiazepine derivatives. This yields compound 18 as a long residence time vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of autosomal dominant kidney disease.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2023_20.txt,ave_2,2023_20.txt,"A novel aryl-piperazine derivative II-13 (MT-1207) is a potent α1 and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist that can achieve effective blood pressure reduction without damaging renal function and avoidance of the postural hypotension side effect. Currently, compound II-13, as a novel multitarget antihypertensive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in China. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.png,B,"Advanced microscopy techniques in 3D views reveal the periodic assembly of PHBV crystals. The study uncovers highly-ordered interior architectures with grating-like periodicity, which mimics the nature's assembled photonic crystals. The orderly grating assembly is tested to lead to iridescence",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_14.txt,sbert,2024_14.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,multiBv1,2024_21.txt,"A critical component in fuel cells, anion conductive membrane (AEM), determines their efficiency and working lifespan. Hyperbranched AEMs, bearing clustered positively charged functional groups, have superior self-assembly behavior and possess the tendency to form well-interconnected anion transport channels. However, the weak chain entanglement in hyperbranched polymer makes it hard to form free-standing membranes. To address this challenge, we implemented flexible segments to strengthen the chain entanglement and fabricated a free-standing polystyrene based hyperbranched membrane. After quaternization, a robust, chemically stable, and highly conductive AEM was acquired. The results may open up a new avenue for improving anion conductivity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2019_12.txt,allv2,2019_12.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.png,C,"Shining light on CO2 empowers its conversion to CO, CH3OH, and CH4. The red-orange glow around the Earth, merging into a green interior hue, portends how the unification of the light and heat of the sun enables CO2 photothermal catalysis to produce commodity chemicals and fuels, facilitating a sustainable future for humankind.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,"Salt crystal film on mask fabrics will dissolve upon exposure to viruses or bacteria-carrying aerosols and droplets, followed by the destruction of pathogens via growing crystals during evaporation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_10.txt,allv2,2022_10.txt,"Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced carcinogenic effects on mammalian skin. Many sunscreens harness the UVR absorbing properties of ZnO and TiO2, which results in a white film left on the skin. Factors contributing to white cast include particle size, polymeric dispersion, and surface treatment of the ZnO and TiO2 used in sunscreens. This Viewpoint provides a physicochemical framework for best practices in standardizing the white cast potential of sunscreen formulations with metal oxide UVR filters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"By controlling the key parameters of the chemical vapor deposition process, including non-metal precursor, metal precursor, substrate engineering, temperature, and gas flow, one can grow two-dimensional compound materials with good controllability and high quality, paving a solid foundation for their applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_12.txt,ave_2,2021_12.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.png,B,"Complementary contributions
The various wavelengths of the solar spectrum can be exploited for different functionalities. Davy et al. develop an organic solar cell that harvests near-ultraviolet photons to power an electrochromic device that controls how many photons go through a smart window in other wavelength ranges, adjusting both visible light and heat ingress.
See Davy et al. 2, 17104 (2017) and News and Views by Delia Milliron, article 17116.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,"Entangled materials
Molecules with a non-fused ring structure are relatively cheap electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells. Yet, these molecules have poor crystallinity and do not blend well with electron donor materials. Zeng et al. use a binary solvent system to address these issues and demonstrate devices with over 19% power conversion efficiency.
See Zeng et al.
Cover Design: Thomas Phillips. Image: Lei Zhu and Feng Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,"Getting flexible
Flexible organic photovoltaic modules suffer from poor operational and mechanical stability. Lu et al. embed the metal electrode into a polymeric matrix and add a chromium layer to enhance the electrical contact between adjacent subcells. This results in 14%-efficient modules with over 900 hours of operation and improved tolerance to bending.
See Lu et al. and News and Views by Shin and Son
Image: Xin Lu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_6.txt,allv2,9_6.txt,"Get into print
Organic solar cells can be fabricated with low-cost and scalable printing methods. Jiang et al. devise an alcohol-dispersed formulation of PEDOT — the commonly used hole-transport material — that overcomes drawbacks such as acidity, hygroscopicity and poor wetting properties, improving both the efficiency and stability of fully-printed solar cells.
See Jiang et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Lulu Sun, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_9.txt,ave_2,7_9.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_1.png,D,Noncovalent complexes of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) or poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers with rose bengal provide enhanced cellular uptake and increased cytotoxic activity of this photosensitizer,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2021_4.txt,sbert,2021_4.txt,A series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with planar ligands are reported to exert their anticancer activity by damaging mitochondrial DNA and disturbing cancer cell metabolism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_18.txt,multiBv1,2019_18.txt,The cover shows potent Tan-IIA-based imidazole analogues can be developed as potential treatment agents to delay or prevent the metastasis of breast cancer in vivo.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_2.txt,allv2,2018_2.txt,"-A2B-corroles for photodynamic therapy of lung cancer. The lead photosensitizers showed remarkable properties, with IC50 values below 100 nM and no cytotoxicity per se, properties resulting from a synergy between the macrocyclic system and the hydrazone moiety.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,val
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.png,A,"Sulfate-free surface cellulose nanocrystals helped to fabricate highly stable, sensitive, and lightweight flexible thermal sensors for continuous monitoring of temperature profiles. Along with high stability, a sensitivity of 0.6%/℃ can be achieved with the CNC-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Inspired by the layered microstructure of nacre (mother of pearl), the study shows that graphene–polyethylene nanocomposites confer excellent shock dissipation and spall strength, especially when there is grafting between the filler (graphene) and the matrix (polyethylene), ushering exploration of biomimetic nanocomposites for protection under extreme conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_11.txt,multiBv1,2024_11.txt,Carbonized oil palm fiber with the integration of polydopamine (PDA-cfiber) as an upcycling of biomass waste is used for the synthesis of a photoabsorber with enhanced solar absorbance and hydrophilicity for effective interfacial photothermal solar steam generation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,val
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.png,C,"Inserting atoms, ions or molecules between the pristine molecular layers of a 2D material can have a remarkable effect on its properties. Such fine tuning can be exploited to optimize the properties of these materials for applications in thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. The intercalation process can be studied in real-time by in situ imaging and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The cover image illustrates a typical intercalation process of foreign species moving into the gaps between a layered material. See Yang et al.
Cover Image: Ruijie Yang, Zhiyuan Zeng. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_7.txt,ave_3,8_7.txt,"Organic molecules with a chromophore tethered to a stable radical can be excited into a triplet–doublet state following irradiation with light. The magnetic and optical properties of these modular systems have intrigued researchers interested in future materials for molecular spintronics, with applications in quantum information technology and artificial photosynthesis. The cover image represents the communication lines between typical chromophores and radicals in triplet–doublet systems such as the one drawn in the central structure. See Quintes et al.
Image: Carl Conway, based on a suggestion from Sabine Richert. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_11.txt,allv2,7_11.txt,"Upconversion enables the energy of two long wavelength photons to be combined, resulting in photoexcitation that would otherwise require a single short wavelength photon. Longer wavelength photons penetrate more deeply and so upconversion is especially useful for phototherapy and applications of photochemical reactions on a large scale. This process is shown on the cover where a green target absorbs two red incident rays and emits a single blue ray. See Huang et al.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"In photocatalytic hydrogen production, solar radiation produces electrons and holes in a photocatalyst. The rate determining step in the reaction though is the hole-mediated oxidation of water and many holes are wasted. Avoiding this waste — and the associated chemical effects — is the key to optimizing this important reaction and boosting solar hydrogen production rates. See Rahman, Edvinsson, and Gascon.
Image: Sandra Ramirez Cherbuy. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_9.txt,ave_2,6_9.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_7.png,C,"The cover of this issue uses experimental images of polaritons with orbital angular momentum adapted with permission from Sedov, E. S. et al Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013072 (2021), CC-BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. See Kavokin et al.
Image: Phys. Rev. Research 3, 013072 (2021), APS. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_6.txt,allv2,4_6.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by a Review on quantum programming languages. See Bettina Heim et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea of controlling the orbital angular momentum of light. See Forbes et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"The cover illustrates a quantum photonic integrated circuit with its different components. See Pelucchi et al.
Image: Klaus D. Jöns, Paderborn University. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_10.txt,ave_2,4_10.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_3.png,A,"In the chaos of solvation, macromolecules lose their rigidity. An increase in solvent polarity decreases the persistence length of anthranilamide molecular electrets.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A theoretical investigation of a deep eutectic solvent shows only a very subtle switching from Coulombic to hydrogen bonding interplay. Thus, the presence of a markedly different molecular-level behavior at different mole fractions remains inconclusive. This confirms the inferred lack of magic numbers in such solvents. This special issue was organized by Guest Editors Burcu E. Gurkan, Edward J. Maginn, and Emily B. Pentzer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2020_3.txt,sbert,2020_3.txt,"In theory, molecular property tensors, such as the electric/magnetic dipole polarizability, and thus the Raman optical activity signal, almost diverge in a resonance. This may cause unwanted effects, such as molecular dissociation, but also leads to the signal enhancement. The latest data show that the methodology may provide a useful tool for studies of molecular structure and interactions, as well for insight into electronic molecular properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_50.txt,multiBv1,2022_50.txt,"Kankan Bhattacharyya Festschrift Virtual Special Issue. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy has been the theme of the research of Professor Kankan Bhattacharyya. His group has studied excited state dynamics in a plethora of restricted microenvironments, such as micelles, reverse micelles, zeolites, hydrogels, triblock copolymers, ionic liquids, liposomes, proteins, and, finally, live cells. This collage presents some glimpses of their research, which has shed light on remarkable phenomena: stochastic resonance in the dynamics of gene silencing of a living cell (top left, adapted from J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 1012–1016, DOI: 10.1021/jz500152m. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society); an interesting pattern of alternation of an antimitotic peptide upon binding to liposomes and cell membranes, as revealed by fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein bound to the peptide (top right, adapted from ACS Omega 2019, 4, 745–754, DOI 10.1021/acsomega.8b01568. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society); significantly greater extent of in situ generation of gold nanoclusters in cancer cells, compared to that in normal cells, opening up the possibility of a new modality in cancer cell imaging [bottom left, adapted with permission from the inside cover of ChemPhysChem 2016, 17 (article reference ChemPhysChem 2016, 17, 61–68, DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500731), Copyright 2016 John Wiley and Sons]; spatial heterogeneity in a mixed micelle of triblock copolymer containing an ionic liquid (middle center, adapted from J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 13159–13166, DOI: 10.1021/jp106689w. Copyright 2010 American Chemical Society); reflection of spatial heterogeneity in a giant unilamellar vesicle in the location-dependent solvation times recorded using a confocal microscope (middle and bottom center, adapted from Langmuir 2012, 28, 10230–10237, DOI: 10.1021/la3014859. Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society); and a significantly higher number of lipid droplets in a cancer cell compared to a normal cell, as a new cancer marker (middle and bottom right, adapted from J. Phys. Chem. B 2015, 119, 10868-10875, DOI: 10.1021/jp5120042. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society). This virtual special issue was organized by Guest Editors Nilmoni Sarkar, Nancy E. Levinger, and Anindya Datta. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_33.txt,allv2,2022_33.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_4.png,D,"Profiling immune responses to combination neoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
High-dimensional profiling of tumor biopsies identifies features of the immune microenvironment associated with response to neoadjuvant treatment with a combination of the targeted kinase inhibitor cabozantinib and the immune-checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab, in a phase 1b clinical trial for hepatocellular carcinoma.
See Ho et al.
Image: Soren Charmsaz, Nicole Gross, and Won Jin Ho (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA). Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"The expanding palette of immunotherapy
In this issue, we launch a Series on Cancer Immunotherapy presenting commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces on the latest advances and challenges in the expanding palette of immunotherapies and their wider clinical translation, together with a selection of relevant primary research articles from Nature Cancer.
See our June Editorial the Review article by Sanmamed et al. and the Viewpoint by Anagnostou et al.
Image: David Forster / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Concept: Ignacio Melero. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"Understanding the complexities of cancer
Our inaugural issue highlights the complexities of cancer, featuring articles on cancer evolution, heterogeneity and population-specific disparities, identifying cancer drivers and the origins of metastasis-initiating cells. Highlighting diverse aspects of immunotherapy are studies on sensitizing tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade, improving predictors of response and devising therapeutic trispecific antibodies.
See Editorial
Image: concept by Lucia Morgado-Palacin. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_12.txt,multiBv1,1_12.txt,"Multiomics profiling of immunotherapy-induced toxicities
Multiomics profiling identifies a targetable role for type III-associated immune responses in the development of immunotherapy-induced toxicities in melanoma.
See Dimitriou et al.
Image: Phil F. Cheng and Federica Sella, University Hospital of Zurich. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,46_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.png,A,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.txt,groundtruth,46_2.txt,"Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) in blood have been identified as a risk factor for
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease via numerous genetic and epidemiological studies.
Consequently, lipoprotein(a) has become an attractive target to combat cardiovascular
diseases. On pages 212–225 of this issue, Koschinsky and colleagues summarize the
most recent discoveries regarding therapeutic approaches to lower lipoprotein(a) and
present these findings in the context of an emerging understanding of its biosynthesis
and catabolism. Cover image courtesy istock/Eoneren. Cover design by Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_11.txt,ave_3,40_11.txt,"The available treatment options for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have serious limitations
related to efficacy and safety. Due to the significant health and economic burden
of CVD, newer approaches that target the root causes of the diseases are urgently
needed. To discover and develop novel mechanism-based targeted therapies, a better
understanding of the molecular basis of all facets of CVD is required. Achieving this
is not fully possible in human clinical studies because CVD are complex. Animal models
allow the study of several variables under very controlled conditions and the application
of procedures that are difficult to use in clinical conditions. This November issue
focuses on the challenges and opportunities in the discovery and development of biologics
for CVD; and promising animal models, for elucidation of critical molecular pathways
involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression,
and identification of potential novel mechanism-based targeted therapies. Cover image
created by Andrea Colliva using Biorender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/43_2.txt,ave_2,43_2.txt,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.txt,allv2,46_1.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.png,B,"Automated behaviour analysis
Understanding the relationship between brain function and behaviour is a goal of neuroscience and psychology. Automated behavioural analysis provides tools for investigating this goal, in combination with recordings of neuronal activity. Marks et al. present a deep learning pipeline that combines identification, tracking, pose estimation and behavioural classification for individual and social animal behaviour, using data only from simple mono-vision cameras in home-cage setups.
See Marks et al.
Credit: Ella Maruschenko. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_9.txt,multiBv1,4_9.txt,"Learned social interaction patterns
Biomimetic robots can be used to study animal social behaviour. Jia et al. designed an interactive robot and use imitation learning to provide it with subtle templates of social behaviour. Through long-term and repetitive interactions, the robot can modulate the emotional state of rats. The image shows a rat-like robot interacting with a freely behaving rat by expressing complex postures.
See Jia et al.
Image: Qing Shi, Beijing Institute of Technology. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"Designing machines with feeling analogues
Living organisms evaluate their own goals and behaviour in a dynamic world by homeostasis: the regulation of internal body states. Man and Damasio propose to design machines with something akin to this physiological process, so that they have an internal guidance for making decisions and controlling behaviours. The authors consider the possibility of constructing robots with bodies that, in a process that mimics homeostasis, need to be maintained within a narrow range of viability states. Examining advances in the area of soft robotics, the authors raise the possibility of building machines with sensors and effectors that provide them with multimodal homeostatic data - or feeling analogues.
See Man et al.
Image: Colin Anderson Productions pty ltd – Getty images. Cover Design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Cooperative attitudes
Human–robot interaction studies are essential to understand the complexities of human responses to robots and our willingness to cooperate with robots in daily activities. In a paper in this issue, Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko et al. report results from a behavioural experiment: they asked participants to play cooperative games with opponents that are either human or an algorithm and found that humans tend to trust algorithms less. The reinforcement algorithm, designed to learn effective behaviour within a few rounds, outperformed human opponents in inducing cooperation, but this advantage was lost if they disclosed their non-human nature. The question of transparency in human–robot interaction is further explored in a News & Views and the Editorial.
See Ishowo-Oloko et al., Rovatsos and Editorial
Image adapted from Fanatic Studio / Gary Waters / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_2.txt,sbert,1_2.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.png,A,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Diverse proteoforms arise from collaborative events including genetic variance, translational,
and post-translational modifi cation. These heterogeneous modifications regulate protein
complex assembly, subcellular localization, and biological function. Mass spectrometry
(MS)-based ‘omics’ approaches are widely used to dissect the identity, localization,
abundance, and dynamics of the heterogeneous proteome. On pages 445–455 of this issue,
Wu and Robinson review the role of native MS in providing a hub to link cofactor and
ligand binding with proteoform incorporation. The authors discuss how connecting these
“multi-omics” approaches to endogenous protein assemblies, helps elucidate their origin,
regulation and control. Shown on the cover is a structure of the human V-type ATPase
highlighting the incorporation of subunit G2, linking origin to brain synapses, and
the lipid dolichol-linked oligosaccharide identified in ATPases from kidney. Image
credit: the Di Wu and the Robinson group (the University of Oxford).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, crystalline materials comprising inorganic
nodes and organic linkers that self-assemble into multidimensional lattices. Because
of their exceptionally high surface areas and uniform porosity, MOFs are candidate
materials for water purification (among other applications). MOF porosity facilitates
diffusion of toxic analytes to binding sites at nodes and/or linkers engendering rapid
uptake, while MOF crystallinity supports precise characterization of sorbate-sorbent
binding interactions. Further, the variety of building units (nodes and linkers) available
allows access of structures with a range of chemical and physical properties that
may support the extraction of chemical toxins with a range of molecular architectures.
On pages 304–317 of this issue, Farha and colleagues highlight how teams around the
globe are using zirconiumbased MOFs to extract organic pollutants from water. Cover
image by Timur Islamoglu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_8.txt,ave_3,1_8.txt,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,test
Current Biology,34_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_18.png,B,"On the cover: At sites of tissue damage, inflammatory cells release bacteriocidal
factors to eliminate invading pathogens; paradoxically, these molecules are also toxic
to host tissues and could delay repair. In this issue, Weavers et al. (pages 3851–3862)
use in vivo imaging and genetic manipulation in Drosophila to uncover a powerful network of cytoprotective machinery activated upon injury that
drives stress “resilience” and protects against this collateral damage. The image
captures a snapshot of inflammatory cell migration within a wounded translucent Drosophila pupa. Image by Helen Weavers.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_3.txt,allv2,29_3.txt,"On the cover: Dedicated stress response pathways help cells adjust to environmental
and cellular stresses. In this issue, Chen and McDonald show that an intrinsic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response helps Drosophila border cells migrate collectively in the ovary during oogenesis. This image shows
a dispersed ovary with strings of progressively developing egg chambers. The cell
nuclei are labeled in gold and the cell membranes and the ovary's muscle sheath are
labeled in magenta. Inside each egg chamber, border cells, labeled in blue, migrate
during mid-oogenesis to reach the oocyte, the large brown cell. Image by Yujun Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_18.txt,groundtruth,34_18.txt,"On the cover: In the Drosophila larval epidermis, the cells of the barrier epidermal sheet are typically mononucleate
and highly ordered, assuming polygonal shapes of a remarkably uniform size. In this
issue, Wang and colleagues (pages 2215–2227) show that this stereotypical morphology
is dependent upon the normal function of the integrin cell adhesion complex. The image
shows a larval epidermal sheet deficient for the integrin adhesion adaptor protein
PINCH. Epidermal membranes are labeled with fasciclin III (magenta), and epidermal
nuclei (orange) express a red fluorescent protein transgene. Knockdown of PINCH leads
to large multinucleate cells—some containing in excess of 20 nuclei—as well as variously
sized binucleate, trinucleate, and misshapen cells. The findings are important because
the integrin complex, although previously implicated in many cellular functions in
diverse tissues, has not previously been shown to be a suppressor of cell-cell fusion.
Image by Yan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_8.txt,sbert,25_8.txt,"On the cover: Spermatogenesis in the Drosophila melanogaster testis—vasa (red) labels pre-meiotic germ cells, and β2-tubulin (green) labels post-meiotic
germ cells. Spermatogenesis is an ongoing developmental process that requires the
continual production of new germ cells from an adult stem cell niche. In Drosophila, the stem cell niche is made up of a cluster of somatic cells called the hub located
at the apex of the testis (top of this image). In order for germ cells to differentiate,
they must be encapsulated by somatic cyst cells, which isolate the germ cells by forming
occluding junctions. In this issue, Fairchild et al. (pages 2492–2499) find that occluding
junctions are also required to maintain stem cell niche homeostasis. If occluding
junctions are disrupted, the somatic cyst cells form new hub cells, which recruit
more stem cells, increasing the size of the niche. This suggests that the stable size
of the stem cell niche in adult testes is actively maintained by signals from the
differentiating cells outside of the niche itself.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_7.txt,ave_1,26_7.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_13.png,D,"Block copolymers typically self-assemble in an isotropic manner in the absence of surface forces and external fields, leading to localized ordering into polycrystalline-type structures with numerous grain boundaries.  However, many nanotechnologies (such as nanolithography, nanotemplating, and ultrahigh-density storage media) require control over the ordering and orientation of nanoscale domains.  Here, we discuss recent progress toward techniques that achieve directed self-assembly of block copolymer thin films.  We also thank Daniel O. Kelley for the design of the cover art.  See page 7567.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2013_6.txt,allv2,2013_6.txt,Schematic illustration of the mechanical characterization of nanocomposite materials by atomic force microscopy and the modulus–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_3.txt,multiBv1,2025_3.txt,"Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its continuous evolution, has played an increasingly important role in polymer science for revealing the interplay between structure, dynamics, and properties. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_24.txt,sbert,2018_24.txt,"Schematic representation of a four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy experiment, where the electron beam (in green) scans across a block copolymer sample (in black/white) recording diffraction patterns (below) that reveal the orientation (rainbow colors) of the semicrystalline crystalline structure (shown top left as the atomic structure).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,test
Cell Metabolism,36_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_8.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Omori et al. (pp. 814–828) develop a single-cell trackable
mouse model for detecting p16high cells based on the activity of the endogenous p16Ink4a promoter and the CreERT2-tdTomato system. p16high cells show relatively long half-lives and age-dependent accumulation, while single-cell
transcriptomes of tdTomato-positive p16high cells indicate the variety of cell types and characteristics that express the gene.
Elimination of p16high cells improves NASH progression, showing reductions in lipid droplets and tissue-resident
macrophages. In this image, a phoenix with tdTomato-labeled p16high tail feathers represents cellular senescence, which symbolizes the sparse but long-term
existence of these cells. The several types of red leaves depict the high degree of
heterogeneity of tdTomato-positive p16high cells. Design concept by Satotaka Ohmori; image credit: Ash Rinpun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/32_2.txt,multiBv1,32_2.txt,"On the cover: Functional aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological
functions, including motor activity. Using the roundworm C. elegans as a model, Liu et al. (pp. 392–402) show that neurons rather than muscles show the
first sign of functional decline. Lifespan-extending mutations in daf-2 reduce the rate of motor activity decay and motor neuron decline, while pharmacological
stimulation of aging neurons can potentiate locomotion activity in aged worms. The
cover art captures the concept of reversing functional aging, showing an older man
enjoying a fast run in the autumn foliage. Cover artwork by Elise Griswold.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,"On the cover: By developing and applying their Senescence Cell Identification (SenCID)
program to single-cell RNA-seq data, Tao et al. find the stable states of different cell types can erode under persistent stresses
and form trajectories converging toward six senescence endpoints, like a continuum
on the Waddington landscape. They further identified hierarchical modules regulating
the senescence processes through applying SenCID to perturb-seq data. Image by Jing-Dong
J. Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_8.txt,groundtruth,36_8.txt,"On the cover: Epigenetic modifications affecting gene expression changes occur during
aging. On pp. 161–172 of this issue, Jin et al. show that the histone demethylase
UTX-1, which removes the repressive histone mark H3K27me3, promotes aging in part
by increasing insulin/IGF signaling in worms. Loss of utx-1 extended C. elegans life span. The cover art depicts the Chinese god of longevity, Shou Xing, curbing
the activity of UTX-1, thus conferring younger epigenetic status, higher stress resistance,
and longer life span to organisms.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/14_5.txt,allv2,14_5.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_9.png,A,"Dendritic cells as orchestrators of immune responses, inspired by the Review on p257.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Using computational tools to predict response to immunotherapies, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.txt,sbert,21_12.txt,"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors as a double-edged sword, inspired by the Review on p254.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_9.txt,allv2,19_9.txt,"Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, inspired by the Review on p792.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_1.txt,multiBv1,18_1.txt,test
Nature Chemical Biology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_6.png,C,"Phasing in physicochemical features
Phase transitions give rise to macromolecular assemblies at a distinct physical scale, encoding functions that surpass those of their individual molecular constituents. This image illustrates the emerging electrochemistry of biomolecular condensates.
See Wang et al.
Image: Hualin Ou and Yifan Dai, Washington University in St. Louis. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.txt,sbert,20_2.txt,"By our powers combined
The FIND-IT assay deploys two different CRISPR nucleases in tandem and a chemically stabilized activator to accelerate the detection of RNA for diagnostics. The cover image depicts the processes by which the Cas13a and Csm6 nucleases in tandem recognize the target RNA and activate fluorescent reporters.
See Liu et al.
IMAGE: Margaret L. Liu. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_4.txt,allv2,17_4.txt,"Tuning Cas kinetics for one-pot testing
Tong et al. found that the cleavage kinetics of Cas effectors need to be precisely tuned to maximize their sensitivity in one-pot nucleic acid detection. The image exemplifies the synchronized interplay between substrate amplification and cleavage by Cas effectors.
See Tong et al.
Image: Xiaohan Tong, Wuhan University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"Illuminating the target
Luminescent and cell-permeable macrocyclic terbium complexes called CoraFluors enable the detection of ligand–target engagement in cells by time-resolved FRET. The image shows a protein target (in purple) lit up by CoraFluors.
See Payne et al.
IMAGE: Ella Marushchenko. COVER DESIGN: Dave Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.png,D,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.txt,ave_2,7_2.txt,"The cover of this issue depicts clouds, the physics of which depends on the physics of ice nucleation. See Knopf et al.
Image: Andrew Holt/The Image Bank. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_9.txt,ave_3,5_9.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,test
Cancer Cell,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_4.png,C,"On the cover: Generating and analyzing proteogenomic data from nearly 100 patients
with glioblastoma, Wang et al. (pp. 509–528) provide a new integrated view of this
devastating brain tumor. In addition to better understanding tumor pathogenesis, these
data may improve patient stratification for more optimal treatments. The cover image
shows multiomics data including genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and
single-cell transcriptomics through a lens for an integrated view of brain tumors.
Artwork by Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_9.txt,allv2,39_9.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,"On the cover: Watson et al. integrate multi-omics approaches to investigate how the glioblastoma microenvironment
responds to different treatment interventions and discover how treatment-associated
fibrosis can protect surviving tumor cells and promote eventual recurrence. This four-part
image depicts a mouse glioblastoma with renderings of high-dimensional imaging, single-cell
RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics,
respectively in clockwise sequence. Credit: Spencer Watson, Anoek Zomer, and Johanna
Joyce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_1.txt,ave_3,40_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_2.png,D,"C–N bonds are ubiquitous in societally important commodity and fine chemicals, but the thermochemical routes used to manufacture these compounds are a major contributor to global carbon emissions. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis could potentially drive the formation of these important products using renewable electricity and abundant starting materials, thus reducing the carbon footprint of their production. The cover image shows CO2 and NH3 reactants coupling on the surface of a copper nanoparticle catalyst to form amide products. See Li, Zhang, Kuruvinashetti and Kornienko
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Montreal. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_8.txt,multiBv1,6_8.txt,"Incorporating polar co-monomers into otherwise unfunctionalized polyolefins affords materials with distinct properties but poses a challenge for archetypal metal catalysts, which are typically poisoned on binding to heteroatom lone pairs. This cover image depicts one strategy to overcome this challenge, whereby one metal centre sequesters a polar group, with an adjacent metal centre then being able to insert the olefin into a growing polymer chain.
See: Chen, C. Designing catalysts for olefin polymerization and copolymerization: beyond electronic and steric tuning.  Nat. Rev. Chem.  (2018).
Image: David Schilter Design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_8.txt,sbert,2_8.txt,"Microbes can derive energy from the enzymatic degradation of plant biomass. For example, cutinase enzymes hydrolyze ester linkages in cutin, the hydrophobic polymer on the outside of plants. Related enzymes can degrade synthetic polyesters like polyethylene terephthalate, and the prospect of clean and efficient polymer degradation would contribute to a sustainable environment. See Chen et al.
Image: Chun-Chi Chen. Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/4_10.txt,allv2,4_10.txt,"The depolymerization of lignin is represented by a wooden block at the centre of the image surrounded by the products of breakdown and catalysts that have been applied in this important biomass valorization reaction. Lignin is a heterogeneous aromatic macromolecule found in the cell walls of plants. Its conversion to useful monomers is considered key to a transition away from fossil fuel feedstocks. Although there has been much research into C-O cleavage, commercial use of a far greater proportion of available lignin requires cleavage of C-C bonds, which has proven particularly challenging both to develop and to quantify, see Palumbo et al.
Image: Rita Clare; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_1.png,A,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,The self-densification of h-BN particles could be achieved at a significantly low temperature. This strategy opens up new application possibilities in ultra-fine thermally conductive systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_10.png,C,"In this issue...
Plenty of questions are being asked about whether the NHS is being privatised by stealth. What about dentistry? This month's cover feature takes a look
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_11.txt,multiBv1,35_11.txt,"In this issue...
Is there anything we can learn from dentistry post-COVID? Will we learn anything? We discuss whether dentistry will take successes forward into the future
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_9.txt,allv2,34_9.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 3 | March
When PHE was abolished, Dental Public Health found itself in a tricky position. This month's cover feature asks where the Parvus sed potens specialty is today",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_10.txt,groundtruth,37_10.txt,"In this issue...
In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt,sbert,35_9.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.png,A,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,ave_3,2022_5.txt,The cover art highlights the broad spectrum of research included in this Special Issue titled “Interdisciplinary Integration of Biomaterials for Drug and Gene Therapy.” Guest editors Mahavir Chougule and Nicole Brogden have curated an outstanding collection of articles in the field.  An accompanying,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,"Showcasing drug delivery research performed within the biotech and pharma industry, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Research Frontiers in Industrial Drug Delivery and Formulation Science.""  In this VSI the Guest Editor Team has assembled a superb collection of articles describing research and development led by industrial scientists and performed in collaboration with academic institutions.  An accompanying editorial  by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_3.txt,sbert,2023_3.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_5.png,D,"An artistic illustration of the active site of the human transketolase dimer, highlighting residues H110 and E366', as well as the thiamine diphosphate cofactor and the Mg2+ ion. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,"Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry Volume 2 Virtual Special Issue. Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B by authors whose work appears in this VSI. From left to right, top to bottom: Enhancing Opioid Bioactivity Predictions through Integration of Ligand-Based and Structure-Based Drug Discovery Strategies with Transfer and Deep Learning Techniques (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 10691–10699. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05306); ConfSolv: Prediction of Solute Conformer-Free Energies across a Range of Solvents (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 10151–10170. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05904); Coarse-Graining with Equivariant Neural Networks: A Path Toward Accurate and Data-Efficient Models (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 10564–10572. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05928); Collaboration on Machine-Learned Potentials with IPSuite: A Modular Framework for Learning-on-the-Fly (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128, 3662–3676. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07187); Deep-Learning-Assisted Enhanced Sampling for Exploring Molecular Conformational Changes (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 9926–9935. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05284); Discovering Molecular Coordination Environment Trends for Selective Ion Binding to Molecular Complexes Using Machine Learning (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 10592–10600. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06416); Acceleration of Molecular Simulations by Parametric Time-Lagged tSNE Metadynamics (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128, 903–913. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05669); Data-Driven Imputatioon of Miscibility of Aqueous Solutions via Graph-Regularized Logistic Matrix Factorization (J. Phys. Chem. B 2023, 127, 7964–7973. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03789); Machine Learning-Guided Discovery of AcrB and MexB Efflux Pump Inhibitors (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128, 648–663. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05845). This virtual special issue was organized by Andrew L. Ferguson (former JPC Topic Editor) and Jim Pfaendtner (current JPC Senior Editor).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2024_25.txt,allv2,2024_25.txt,A new biosensing approach is proposed based on the sensitivity of microvortices on the surface of an ion-selective membrane to surface charge. These vortices gate the ion current into the membrane and can produce very sensitive but robust voltage signals quantitatively correlated to the number of charged molecules on the membrane.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2021_45.txt,multiBv1,2021_45.txt,This work proposes a machine-learning-assisted solid-state nanopore for automated electrical sensing of vitamin B1 (thiamine) and its phosphorylated derivatives with high accuracy. The study introduces a novel strategy for rapid and precise micronutrient detection with a transverse quantum transport approach.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.png,A,"CO2 electroreduction aims to decarbonize by converting CO2 and clean energy into chemicals. To have an impact, this technology should be scaled up into the gigatonne conversion range, which involves challenges related to resource and material scalability bottlenecks. The cover shows an artistic representation of the implementation of CO2 electrolysis to scale and its materials needs. See Belsa B. et al.
Cover image: Francisco Pelayo García de Arquer. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,"Universal access to fresh water and modern energy are key to a sustainable and just future. Sorbent materials that capture and release water molecules are at the heart of technologies that turn the Earth’s abundant atmospheric moisture into drinkable water and energy, making these essential resources more accessible to all. See the Editorial
Cover image: Jiaxing Xu, Tingxian Li and Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.txt,multiBv1,9_3.txt,"This Review details the structural and chemical features of state-of-the-art metal&ndash;organic frameworks for their application in the carbon cycle of capturing, purifying and transforming CO2 into valuable products. 
See Christopher A. Trickett et al. 2, 17045 (2017). 
 
Image credit: Kyle E. Cordova, Christopher A. Trickett &amp; Omar M. Yaghi",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"Materials engineering enables the control of water–material interactions in solar vapour generators, which aim to efficiently use solar energy for the cost-effective production of clean water. This Review discusses material-design principles for solar evaporators, spanning from macrostructures to molecular configurations. See Zhao et al
Image: Guihua Yu. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_9.png,A,"How body-fluid vesicles block viral infection
This image shows fluorescently labelled extracellular vesicles from semen (red) binding to Axl (green), a broadly expressed phosphatidylserine-binding receptor. This interaction interferes with infection by viruses exposing phosphatidylserine to exploit the immunosuppressive uptake mechanism of apoptotic membranes. Given their abundance in semen and saliva, extracellular vesicles may serve as an innate defence against sexual or oral transmission of viruses applying apoptotic mimicry such as Zika, Chikungunya or Ebola.
See Groß et al.
Credit: Hanna Reßin, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_9.txt,groundtruth,9_9.txt,"Connecting chikungunya virus across cells
This image shows intercellular extensions induced by chikungunya virus infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, stained to detect the viral membrane proteins (red), tubulin (green) and nuclei (blue). Intercellular extensions project from infected cells, form stable contacts with neighbouring cells, and are here shown to promote antibody-resistant intercellular virus transmission in vitro and in vivo.
See Yin et al.
Image: Peiqi Yin, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_4.txt,ave_1,8_4.txt,"RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes
The parasitic nematode Brugia malayi (blue) is the causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. In this issue, Quek et al. show that parasitic nematodes harbour a diverse virome that is associated with seropositivity in vertebrate hosts. In the case of B. malayi, the RNA virus BMRV1 (red) is distributed throughout the reproductive tissues, whereas the bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia (green), is abundant within the nematode’s chord cells.
See Quek et al.
Image: Shannon Quek. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_3.txt,sbert,9_3.txt,"Fungal vesicles activate host immunity
This image shows confocal microscopy of macrophages with the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS (GFP) translocating from the nucleus to the cytosol in response to the phagocytosis of extracellular vesicles isolated from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
See Harding et al.
Credit: Hannah Brown Harding, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_12.txt,allv2,9_12.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_7.png,B,"Versatile multiscale imaging of cleared tissues
On the cover, an optically cleared mouse brain imaged with a hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope.
See Glaser et al.
Image: Adam Glaser, University of Washington. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_8.txt,ave_3,19_8.txt,"Mapping white matter in chimpanzee
Transverse view of a whole-brain tract-density reconstruction of white matter pathways in the chimpanzee brain. Color indicates tissue orientation and brightness encodes density of reconstructed fiber streamlines.
See Eichner et al.
Image: Cornelius Eichner, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"Visualization of functional connectivity in the human cerebral cortex based on magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain image by Joachim Böttger and Daniel Margulies (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany) with compositing by Tobias S. Hoffmann. Cover composition by Erin Dewalt. Focus p479",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/10_7.txt,multiBv1,10_7.txt,"An artistic rendering of a three-dimensional image reconstruction of the superficial mouse brain imaged through a chronic thinned-skull window. In the original image, blood vessels and neurons were visualized using fluorescent markers, and the skull was imaged using second harmonic generation. Here blood vessels are shown in pink, neuronal projections in gray and the skull in white. Original image courtesy of Andy Shih and Phil Tsai; cover by Erin Dewalt. Brief Communication p981",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.png,A,"Cover Credit: In this cover article, Zhou et al. constructed a novel mechanistic quantitative systems pharmacology model describing the underlying pathophysiological processes of HER2+BC, from ligand-receptor binding to downstream signaling and finally to tumor growth, while incorporating the distinct modalities and mechanisms of various state-of-the-art therapeutics. A large variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental data was used during model calibration and validation, achieving a quantitative and accurate description of cellular signaling, time-response, dose-response, and tumor growth kinetics. In a high-throughput manner, this multiscale QSP model platform enabled researchers to probe into the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies at the preclinical level, generate new hypothesis regarding best treatment combinations to overcome resistance, and suggested important directions for future translational drug research and model-informed drug development. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01232-9. See the article in pages 1287–1304",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_7.txt,groundtruth,45_7.txt,"Nezha, who is the incarnation of lotus, is believed to be a demon slayer with magic power in Chinese mythology. We thus select Nezha for illustration of nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy by regulating the tumor cells and the immune cells such as dendritic cells and T lymphocytes.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/41_6.txt,allv2,41_6.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,sbert,45_12.txt,Schematic depicting the preparation of a dual-responsive nanoparticle BCGN and its mechanisms in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The BCGN are responsive to oxidation and reduction for triggering drug release at different conditions. It provides a promising strategy to improve combinational molecular targeted therapy against NSCLC.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_12.txt,multiBv1,44_12.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_5.png,A,"On the cover: Sun et al. characterize the mechanistic significance and diagnostic potential of plasma and
fecal metabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC). The cover artwork depicts the journey
of sailboats, symbolizing CRC progression. The dolphins (representing inhibitory metabolites
like allocholic acid) swim alongside a boat veering away from a storm, while sharks
(representing promoting metabolites like oleic acid) follow a boat heading into the
storm. A buoy at the diverging paths signifies early tumor diagnosis based on metabolite
analysis. Image credit: Jun Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_1.txt,sbert,41_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Calon et al. (pp. 571–584) report that TGF-β induces
a prometastatic gene program in the microenvironment of colorectal carcinomas, which
can be used to predict disease relapse in patients. The cover illustrates the power
of TGF-β (symbolized by the watering can) in activating stroma (represented by soil
in the flower pot) to support cancer cells seeding metastases. This process is able
to influence clinical outcome and potentially predict the metastatic spread of colon
cancer (represented by the succulent plant viewed through a crystal ball). Cover image
design by Iris Joval.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"On the cover: Hakimi et al. (pp. 104–116) profiled global metabolite differences of
138 paired human normal and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples and found
widespread metabolic reorganization and distinct changes correlated with tumor progression.
These results were integrated with gene expression data to assemble a comprehensive
metabolic atlas of ccRCC. The cover depicts metabolic pathways projected on a kidney-shape
globe with a compass representing a “metabologram” used to navigate genes and metabolites
of given metabolic pathways. Original art by Paul S. Jeng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/29_6.txt,multiBv1,29_6.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,32_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_13.png,C,"The cover shows an artist’s impression of the molecular machinery involved in synthase
dependent exopolysaccharide production in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent biochemical
and structural biological advances in the field have allowed Whitney and Howell, on
pages 63–72, to identify the key conserved components of this pathway. These consist
of an inner membrane embedded polysaccharide synthase that is not only responsible
for the polymerization but also the export of the polysaccharide across the inner
membrane (blue), a periplasmic scaffold protein with multiple copies of the tetratricopeptide
protein–protein interaction motif (light pink), and an outer membrane porin through
which the polymer is exported (pink donut) The biosynthesis of these polymers also
appears to be regulated by the binding of the bacterial second messenger, c-di-GMP,
to a receptor protein (light purple/light blue). The small hexagon polymers represent
the exopolysaccharides that are produced and which comprise the biofilm matrix. Figure
courtesy of Lynne Howell and Luke Itani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_11.txt,multiBv1,21_11.txt,"In this issue, Papale and colleagues apply network tools to consolidate the core concepts
of evolution by natural selection (pages 254–265). This image is an artistic representation
of the evolution of microbial life on Earth. The colors represent the main domains
of life: blue lineages: bacteria, red lineages: archaea, purple lineages: nonphotosynthetic
eukaryotes, green lineages: primary photosynthetic eukaryotes, yellow lineages: secondary
photosynthetic eukaryotes. Triple lines within cellular lineages correspond to lineages
of gene families in interactions. Thread colors of gene families represent the origin
of the gene family: blue for bacteria, red for archaea, other colors for eukaryotes.
Cover image from Éric Bapteste and Jordane Saget.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/28_10.txt,ave_2,28_10.txt,"The reaction center−light-harvesting 1 (RC−LH1) pigment-protein
supercomplex is the central machinery of anoxygenic photosynthesis performed
by purple photosynthetic bacteria and Chloroflexales. This cover image illustrates
various RC−LH1 supercomplex structures from different phototrophic bacteria,
resolved by cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. In this issue, Liu et al. provide a
comprehensive overview of the recent advances in uncovering the structures and
assembly mechanisms of photosynthetic RC−LH1 complexes. The natural diversity
of RC–LH1 highlights the unique evolutionary strategies utilized by different
phototrophic bacteria for optimizing light-harvesting and electron transfer within
their ecological niches during evolution. Image courtesy: Lu-Ning Liu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_13.txt,groundtruth,32_13.txt,"A plated collage of chromatic acclimation mutants that have been isolated from the
filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon is shown on the cover. These color mutants have arisen due to lesions in separate
steps of signal transduction pathways controlling chromatic acclimation. The red cells
(lower) are response regulator mutants and the green-black cells (upper left) are
defective in one of the sensor histidine kinases that are also phytochrome superfamily
photoreceptors. On pages 562–563, Allissa M. Haney and David M. Kehoe discuss more
about the color phenotypes of F. diplosiphon due to differences in ambient light. Image courtesy Gregory O. Lam-Niemeyer and David
M. Kehoe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/27_7.txt,allv2,27_7.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_1.png,B,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Enzyme engineering requires researchers to navigate a high-dimensional sequence–activity landscape to identify variants with the desired properties. This represents a highly challenging task, but machine learning and automation can accelerate such projects and increase the chances of success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"ChatGPT-based assistants can engage in a wide range of lab activities, assisting human researchers to expedite the discovery of MOFs and COFs. Through the integration of a multi-AI system, we demonstrate that these assistants are capable of reshaping the traditional research paradigm, heralding a future where human",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_11.png,A,"Oscillating through oxygen phases
In their work, Thomas Lunkenbein, Luis Sandoval-Diaz and colleagues study the dry reforming of methane on a nickel catalyst with in situ techniques, which reveal oscillatory kinetics through atomic surface oxygen, subsurface oxygen and bulk nickel oxide phases, with markedly different catalytic properties.
See Sandoval-Diaz et al.
Image: MPG-FHI/Luis Sandoval-Diaz. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,"Watching reactions spiral
Willinger and co-workers report the in situ use of scanning electron microscopy as a surface-sensitive technique to study the dynamics of catalysed reactions, with the ability to image the effects of grain orientation dependent reactivity, spillover processes, and complex reaction–diffusion patterns. In the case of nitric oxide hydrogenation on polycrystalline platinum foil, such phenomena give rise to the formation of dissipative structures with intriguing spiral patterns.
See Barroo et al.
Image: Marc Willinger. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Dry reforming lit up
Fujita, Abe, Miyauchi and co-workers report the use of ultraviolet light as the only energy source to promote dry reforming of methane and generate synthesis gas. The reaction is catalysed by rhodium particles supported on SrTiO3, where the support utilizes the photogenerated holes to oxidize methane and electrons channelled to the metal particles trigger the reduction of CO2. The process occurs at temperatures much lower than in the case of conventional thermal catalysis.
See Shoji, S. et al.
Image: Masahiro Miyauchi, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_11.txt,sbert,3_11.txt,"Denary oxides
While the combination of multiple elements to form stable oxides holds great promise from a reactivity standpoint, mixing at the nanoscale remains complicated. Here, Li et al. introduce a general approach for the synthesis of a library of multi-elemental oxide nanoparticles. A new catalyst based on denary oxide nanoparticles is rationally designed and synthesized for highly stable and efficient methane combustion reactions.
See Li et al.
Image: Jiaqi Dai. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/4_12.txt,multiBv1,4_12.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.png,A,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,"'Well connected' inspired by the Review on p566
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/19_4.txt,ave_2,19_4.txt,"‘A transforming view’, inspired by the Review on p726
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.txt,ave_3,25_2.txt,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_2.txt,allv2,26_2.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_12.png,C,"Small-molecule-based fluorescent probes can generally detect and image one type of protein via specific binding while cross-reactive sensor arrays can discriminate among multiple different proteins via pattern-based recognition. David Margulies and colleagues developed a pattern-generating fluorescent molecular probe that combines the properties of both. This probe can produce unique fluorescence fingerprints for specific protein groups, allowing it to identify various members of these groups in biofluids and living cells, where comparable macroscopic analytical devices cannot access. The cover image is an artist's impression of the way proteins can be identified within cells via pattern-based detection.
Article p1161
IMAGE: TALI WIESEL (DESIGN, PHOTOGRAPHY AND PRINTING BRANCH, RESEARCH SERVICES DIVISION, WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE)
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/12_1.txt,sbert,12_1.txt,"The identity of a nanoparticle in a living system can be affected by the protein coat, or corona, that forms on its surface when it is exposed to a biological fluid. Using label-free snapshot proteomics, Stefan Tenzer, Dominic Docter, Roland Stauber and colleagues have profiled the rapid evolution of protein corona formation on silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and investigated its influence on the nanoparticle/biological interface. The cover illustrates a clustering analysis of the relative abundance of proteins from a blood plasma sample bound to silica nanoparticles.
Article p772; News & Views p701
IMAGE: J&Ouml;RG KUHAREV AND SHIRLEY K. KNAUER
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/8_3.txt,multiBv1,8_3.txt,"Counting protein subunits in native membrane nanodiscs
The cover image depicts the capturing of cellular membranes together with their native environment in the form of nanodiscs using amphipathic copolymers. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanodiscs reveal the oligomeric distribution of membrane proteins.
See Walker et al.
Credit line: Hannah Wang, Yale University; Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_12.txt,groundtruth,19_12.txt,"Nanopore trap for protein observations
An artistic depiction of the nanopore electro-osmotic trap (NEOtrap), formed by a DNA-origami sphere docked onto a solid-state nanopore. The leaky DNA origami plug stops protein flow through a nanopore and allows the hydrodynamic trapping and label-free observation of single proteins, enabling nucleotide-dependent protein conformation to be discriminated on the timescale of submilliseconds to hours.
See Dekker
IMAGE: Cees Dekker Lab / SciXel’. COVER DESIGN: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/16_2.txt,allv2,16_2.txt,train
Med,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_7.png,C,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,multiBv1,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"On the Cover: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by the body's immune cells
attacking the central nervous system (CNS), leading to severe disabilities. In this
issue, Kaufmann et al. (pp. 296–312) analyze blood samples from MS patients treated
with an integrin-blocking antibody that blocks the movement of immune cells across
the blood-brain barrier. They identified a specific type of T cells that reside in
the brain of progressive MS patients, thus laying the groundwork that blocking the
homing of these T cells to the CNS could delay or prevent disease progression. The
cover depicts a brain-shaped marble run where, on the left, some marbles can get through
and accumulate in the brain accelerating disease or are blocked from entry on the
right. Artwork by Max Kaufmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.png,C,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,"A discussion of pituitary stem cells, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"The β-cell in type 1 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p150.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_10.txt,ave_3,17_10.txt,val
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_3.png,B,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry focusses entirely on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry. The importance of this topic cannot be overstressed given that almost 10% of antibiotic prescriptions are issued by dentists and antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to global public health.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_1.txt,ave_3,25_1.txt,"In this issue:
This issue evaluates the evidence of effectiveness of some of the major dental public health initiatives and policy decisions. It also explores whether new approaches to prevention and treatment might prove effective against the most common dental diseases.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,allv2,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue explores the many aspects of dentistry which require well researched evidence in order to support the day to day decisions made in dental practice.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_2.txt,multiBv1,24_2.txt,test
NATURE METHODS,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_9.png,C,Commercial nanopore sequencing works by detecting changes in electrical current as individual long DNA molecules transit a protein nanopore with the help of an accessory enzyme. Cover by Erin Dewalt. Article p351.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/12_9.txt,allv2,12_9.txt,"Stylistic rendering of an array of nanopores sequencing single RNA molecules. Drawn by Peter Inkpen, iemedia solutions and adapted by Erin Dewalt, SpringerNature. p201",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/15_10.txt,sbert,15_10.txt,"Advanced nanopore-based peptide sequencing
Peptide sequencing by nanopore: a crow drops grapes into a pitcher with a narrow neck, representing the cleavage of a peptide into amino acids and their subsequent detection by a modified nanopore.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Li Zhao, Sichuan University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,DNA origami–based 'nanocalipers' present ligands at well-defined positions to enable probing of the spatial regulation of membrane receptor function. Artwork by Björn Högberg. Article p841,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_5.txt,ave_3,11_5.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_7.png,B,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,It is expected that buildings functionalized as CO2 sinks have the potential to significantly expand the current scope of carbon reduction and potentially achieve carbon neutrality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_28.txt,ave_2,2024_28.txt,Photocatalytic CO2 conversion has been regarded as the “holy grail” reaction to turn waste into wealth. Excess CO2 is reduced by photocatalysts under sunlight irradiation to yield methanol as one of the carbon fuels. Life cycle assessment was conducted to examine its practicability toward the large-scale operation in future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2023_38.txt,ave_3,2023_38.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_5.png,A,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. A free energy transformation map created using the FEP+ mapper. A series of molecular dynamics based free energy calculations have been performed, perturbing between a series of small aromatics binding to an engineered form of T4 lysozyme. Each arrow represents an alchemical perturbation between the connected molecules, conducted in solution and complex. Numbers indicate the estimated relative binding free energies, ΔΔG0. The redundancy in the graph, with multiple pathways connecting each pair of molecules, provides a robust estimate of the calculation error. (See T. B. Steinbrecher, M. Dahlgren, D. Cappel, T. Lin, L. Wang, G. Krilov, R. Abel, R. Friesner, and W. Sherman, pp 2411–2420; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00538.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2015_2.txt,ave_2,2015_2.txt,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"On the cover. The key elements in our approach, which employs a generative model to sample novel chemical structures. Commencing from a set of structurally similar molecules, shown in the top row, a model is constructed which describes the structural variations (left). New samples are then drawn from this model and a projection step is applied (right). These samples are shown in the bottom row and represent novel chemical structures that, with high probability, have similar structural properties to those in the original set. The molecules used to construct the model are taken from the EGFR dataset in the Directory of Useful Decoys. See D. White and R. C. Wilson, p 1257.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2010_6.txt,ave_3,2010_6.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_7.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Ozair et al. (60–73) show that major classes of cortical
DPNs can be specified from subplate neurons (SPNs) derived from hPSCs by modulating
post-mitotic WNT signaling. The foreground depicts a subplate neuron transforming
into one of three major projection neurons of the deep cortex. This transition requires
competing transcription factors that mediate a transcriptional program represented
as abstract circles of nucleotides in the background. The cascade is in turn initiated
by signaling molecules such as WNTs and their regulators, which are enriched in the
subplate. These are represented as blocks of information in the background. The human
brain and Cajal's drawing of the cortex, which indicate the final goal of these developmental
events, are also seen to the left of the background. Image credit: Mohammad Zeeshan
Ozair, Ph.D., M.D.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/23_6.txt,multiBv1,23_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Long et al. (765–783) demonstrate that extreme long-range
enhancers within a large gene desert regulate expression of SOX9 in facial progenitors.
Mutations that disrupt these enhancer elements diminish SOX9 expression, impacting
the shape and size of the developing lower jaw and resulting in a congenital disorder
called Pierre Robin sequence. Here, two climbers personifying an enhancer and promoter
work together at long distance to ascend a lower jaw-shaped rock formation in a barren
landscape, symbolizing a gene desert. Cover artwork by Mesa Schumacher (Mesa Studios).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/27_2.txt,sbert,27_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Bifari et al. (360–373) describe a population of neurogenic
cells in the meninges that migrate and differentiate into functional neurons in the
neonatal cerebral cortex. In the cover image, the Venice Grande Canale represents
the meninges, the boats represent the meningeal-resident neural cell population, and
navigation of the boats inside Venice represents the migration that the cells undergo.
Venice SPACEPIC © [2011] DigitalGlobe, Inc. – provided by European Space Imaging.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Martins-Costa et al. report that mutations in ARID1B, part of the mSWI/SNF complex, lead to agenesis of the corpus callosum, causing the
interhemispheric white matter tract to be absent in humans. Through a human neural
organoid model, they reveal that ARID1B haploinsufficiency affects the maturation of callosal projection neurons and their
ability to form long-range axons, resulting in structural underconnectivity phenotypes.
The cover shows an abstract illustration of the two brain hemispheres resembling the
intricate architecture of a modern city skyline. The highlight in the center is a
suspension bridge, reminiscent of the corpus callosum, inviting reflections on the
complexity of neural communication and connections in our central nervous system.
Image courtesy of the authors and Philipp Dexheimer (http://www.philippdexheimer.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/9_1.png,B,"Y chromosome diversification
The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) belongs to the Old World monkeys, which make up the largest family of primates. A comparative genomics study across 29 primates reveals that the Y chromosome exhibits highly diverse genomic features across lineages.
See Zhou et al
Image: Yong Wang. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_6.txt,allv2,7_6.txt,"Lemur evolution
Madagascar is home to an extraordinary level of endemic biodiversity, but quantifying this is complicated by cryptic diversity among some genera such as mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus). Van Elst et al. shed light on this by presenting a generalizable, integrative framework to characterize the species diversity of this taxonomically controversial genus, demonstrating that it has been overestimated. The photograph depicts Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae), which may recently have gone extinct, in Menabe Central Forest in Madagascar. In a second paper in this issue, Orkin et al. analyse genome-wide resequencing data from 50 species of lemurs, revealing high levels of genomic diversity and demographic declines consistent with the historic timing of human expansion across the island.
See Tobias van Elst et al. and Joseph D. Orkin et al.
Image: Nick Garbutt. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"All change
The isolated island continent of Australia has an exceptionally diverse lizard and snake fauna. However, this fauna is relatively young, and characterized by mass turnover and immigration following major climatic perturbations in the mid-Cenozoic.
See Oliver et al. 1, 1896-1902 (2017)
Image: Damien Esquerré. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"Early hominin microevolution
Specimen DNH 155 from Drimolen, South Africa is the best-preserved cranium of Paranthropus robustus yet known, and its anatomy as well as its chronological and geographical provenance document microevolutionary change within the species.
See Martin et al.
Image: Jesse Martin and Angeline Leece. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_4.png,B,"Peptides based on sequences of glycine receptors that interact with gephyrin have been developed that have enhanced affinity and specificity toward blocking gephyrin interactions with these postsynaptic inhibitory receptors. These super-binding peptides are useful for isolating and localizing native gephyrin and for modulating glycinergic synaptic transmission (depicted as stars in a synaptic space of a glass-like neurotransmitter-releasing neuron and a postsynaptic target cell). Cover design by Erin Dewalt, based on an image created by Henning Dalhoff. Article, p153",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/13_11.txt,multiBv1,13_11.txt,"Specificity for cathepsin S
The structure of non-natural peptide inhibitors can be rapidly optimized to specifically block the activity of protease targets. The cover image depicts different non-natural peptides bound to the molecular structure of cathepsin S, representing a few possible outcomes of site saturation mutagenesis screening.
See Petruzzella et al.
Image: Aaron Petruzzella, EPFL. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Targeted protein degradation
The cover image depicts the Roman god Janus as having two faces that look to the past and the future and also illustrates the bifunctional nature of the tools used in targeted protein degradation (TPD). This approach utilizes molecular glues or bifunctional compounds to induce stable protein–protein interactions between an endogenous protein of interest and the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The collection of pieces in this issue highlights recent research reporting applications of TPD to broader classes of protein targets and for revealing new biological insights.
IMAGE: Powerofforever/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_2.txt,sbert,16_2.txt,"Off the beaten peptide path
Shown is the tropical greenhouse of the Matthaei Botanical Gardens. Plants from botanical collections at the University of Michigan have been used for the bioinformatic discovery of plant peptides with new side-chain macrocyclizations derived from a copper-dependent autocatalytic peptide cyclase called the BURP domain.
See Chigumba et al.
Image credit: Eric Bronson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_12.txt,allv2,18_12.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_10.png,B,"On the cover: Jiagge et. al. investigate the relationship between genomic alterations and African ancestry in
common cancers and reveal differences in actionable mutations between ancestries.
The cover design symbolizes the genome of patients with African ancestry, with its
DNA double helix intertwining with the map of Africa. The dazzling flashes and ethereal
mist represent the ongoing quest to unravel the distinctive characteristics concealed
within the African genetic ancestry. Image credit: Xuechun Bai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_2.txt,sbert,41_2.txt,"On the cover: Du et al. propose a staging model for EBV-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on a
large multicenter cohort in China, demonstrating its superiority over the currently
used AJCC staging system. The cover image features traditional Chinese embroidery
art. The embroidered Great Wall symbolizes the resolve to conquer NPC, while the nine
beacon towers, arranged from afar to close by, represent the continuous evolution
and improvement of each edition of the staging system, from the first to the ninth
edition of AJCC Stage. The presence of pines and cranes symbolizes the safeguarding
of health. Bathed in sunlight, the emblematic representation encapsulates the journey
toward precision medicine and radiates a message of optimism for the future of NPC
treatment. Image credit: Jun Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,"On the cover: In a cohort of 3,014 patients (including 100 patients with cancer) admitted
to three hospitals in New York City, Westblade et al. (pp. 661–671) identify that
SARS-CoV-2 viral load upon hospital admission predicts mortality in in-hospital COVID-19
patients with and without cancer. The cover is an artistic depiction of a nasopharyngeal
swab specimen being collected from a patient with cancer who is infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Design by Lisa Grey, twoshadesofgrey.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_2.txt,allv2,38_2.txt,"On the cover: The patient with lung cancer is surrounded by colored spheres representing
hubs in signaling networks in the proteomics approach in small cell lung cancer, identified
in this issue by Coles et al. (pp. 129–143). The hope is that these hubs, such as
PKA, will help clinicians treat the patient. Artwork, titled “The Inevitable Healing,”
is by artist Dylan Mortimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_6.txt,multiBv1,38_6.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_6.png,D,"On the cover: Computational methods to extract the information of the numerous single-particle
trajectories (SPTs) are currently limited. In this issue, Parutto et al. present fast
algorithms, available as an ImageJ plugin, for automated analysis of SPTs, providing
insights on subcellular organization of organelles in the range of tens to hundreds
of nanometers that have been previously inaccessible. The cover image shows the workflow
of this analysis pipeline reconstructing the endoplasmic reticulum network of a COS7
cell from lysosome trajectories generated by TIRF microcopy. Cover credit: Jennifer
Heck and Pierre Parutto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lu et al. present a transcardial perfusion strategy to
preserve the extracellular space throughout entire fixed mammalian brains, enabling
clear separation of individual cells for downstream analyses. The cover image shows
an electron micrograph of a fixed murine cortex, with the preserved extracellular
space highlighted in blue. Image credit: Xiaotang Lu, Jeff W. Lichtman.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Resolving the spatiotemporal organization and dynamics of signaling
complexes in the plasma membrane is a key prerequisite to a quantitative understanding
of cellular communication. In this issue, Sotolongo Bellón et al. present a workflow
for interrogating diffusion and interaction of cell surface receptors by multicolor
single-molecule fluorescence imaging. The cover image depicts type II interferon receptor
subunits and signaling complexes in the plasma membrane and the detection of homo-
and heteromeric complexes labeled in four different colors. Cover design by Dr. Alexey
Chizhik.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_11.txt,multiBv1,2_11.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Bartelt et al. present an immunofluorescence-based protocol that effectively isolates a pure fraction
of Purkinje cell nuclei, enabling further in-depth studies on these rare neuronal
cells. The cover illustration features an artistic interpretation of Purkinje cells
(nuclei in green) and is courtesy of Dorota Moniuszko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_9.png,C,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_3.txt,allv2,42_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts a Pandora's box that contains Janus kinase 2
(JAK2) and is locked closed by a key in the shape of the type II JAK2 inhibitor CHZ868.
In this issue, Meyers et al. (pp. 15–28) and Wu et al. (pp. 29–41) demonstrate that
CHZ868 is active in both myeloid and lymphoid cancers dependent on JAK2, even in the
setting of resistance to type I JAK2 inhibitors. Original image: hand-cut paper sculpture
by Aimee Empey-Rives using recycled Bristol board.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/28_6.txt,sbert,28_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, two papers by Barisic et al. and Deng et al. evaluate how mutations in components of the BAF complex lead to the development of
B cell malignancies. In the cover, Barisic et al. demonstrate that ARID1A is required
for continuous eviction of nucleosomes, facilitating the sequential binding of transcription
factors necessary for safeguarding germinal center B cell fate towards plasma cells.
The cover image symbolizes ARID1A as Sisyphus, exerting significant effort and energy
to push boulders uphill, analogous to the BAF complex and ARID1A using energy from
ATP hydrolysis for nucleosome eviction. Birds in the image symbolize the antibodies
produced by plasma cells when ARID1A effectively remodels nucleosomes. Credit: Art
by Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"On the cover: Exhausted T cells acquire a distinct chromatin state (represented by
nucleosomes) that mediates dysfunction in cancer. The hands represent CRISPR‐based
genome engineering to remove Arid1a (teal) from the canonical BAF chromatin remodeling
complex (red), which prevents the acquisition of the epigenetic hallmarks of exhaustion
and improves anti‐tumor immunity. Read more by Belk et al. (768–786). Design and visualization
by SciStories LLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_6.txt,multiBv1,40_6.txt,test
Lab Animal,53_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_4.png,A,"Exon-skipping gene editing in marmoset
Many disease-related genes cause perinatal death in genetically altered homozygous nonhuman primates (NHP). As NHP resources are limited, efficient methods are necessary to create new genetic models. In a new Article, Sasaki et al. show that using Platinum TALEN gene-editing technology in oocytes is an effective method for producing genetically modified heterozygous marmosets by exon skipping.
See Sato et al.
Cover image: Perception7 / iStock / Getty Images Plus and Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_4.txt,groundtruth,53_4.txt,"New calculator for planning breedings
Colony management of gene-modified animals is time-consuming, costly and affected by random events related to Mendelian genetics, fertility and litter size. In a new Article, Milchevskaya, Bugnon et al. developed an R package that enables the estimation of group size required for mouse breeding, taking into account Mendelian genetics, fertility and litter size.
See Milchevskaya, Bugnon et al.
Numbers image: Pashabo / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Illustration and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_5.txt,sbert,52_5.txt,"A 3Rs approach for the generation of genetically modified rodents
Generating genetically modified rodents for research projects requires a large number of animals and involves procedures that can cause distress and pain to the animals. In a new Review, Zevnik, Jerchow and Buch provide key recommendations for implementing the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) in all steps and procedures for the generation of genetically modified rodents.
See Zevnik et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_6.txt,allv2,51_6.txt,"Sterile hybrids for inducing pseudopregnancy
To induce pseudopregnancy in female mice, they need to be mated with males that are sterile and can’t cause actual pregnancy. Sterility can be achieved through surgical vasectomy or the use of genetically modified males but in the former case, there can be pain and discomfort involved and in the latter, unusable animals. A new research article proposes a potential refinement and reduction for inducing pseudopregnancy: mating females with naturally sterile hybrid male mice.
See Preece et al.
IMAGE: Mike Kemp / Tetra Images / Getty. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_10.txt,multiBv1,50_10.txt,test
Science Advances,11_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_6.png,A,ONLINE COVER The reaction of Arabidopsis seedling skin when simultaneously exposed to a stomata-increasing small molecule and a peptide that triggers immune response. Green represents the nucleus of a cell that has the potential to become a stoma; magenta indicates the cell periphery. Herrmann and Sepuru et al. discovered that the activation of immune signaling can cross-regulate the otherwise highly specific stomatal development signaling if the availability of the shared downstream components becomes suboptimal. Images were taken with a confocal microscope. Credit: Arvid Herrmann,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_6.txt,groundtruth,11_6.txt,"ONLINE COVER A cyanotype print shows a plant with sensors measuring the chemical environment around the roots and displays a Prussian Blue pigment used to measure H2O2 levels. Monitoring plants’ chemical signals helps select and develop stress-resistant, high-yielding crop plants, but current techniques rely on one-off measurements, which do not capture real-time changes in chemical signals. Coatsworth et al. present a low-cost, machine-learning platform, TETRIS, that uses screen printing for continuous monitoring of the often-neglected root environment of living plants. TETRIS measured ion uptake in tomato, kale, and rice plants, and detected salt concentration, pH, and H2O2 in real time. Credit: Philip Coatsworth and Zihao Zhou",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_5.txt,sbert,10_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of rosette colonies and solitary cells of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta undergoing signaling events. Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. Colgren et al. identified communication amongst the cells of S. rosetta colonies. This communication regulates shape and ciliary beating across the rosette. Understanding how information flows between cells in choanoflagellate colonies provides key insights into early animal evolution. Credit: Davis Laundon, Ella Maru Studio and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_2.txt,allv2,11_2.txt,"ONLINE COVER Co-expression of optix (cyan) and frizzled2 (green) mRNA in a pupal hindwing of Bicyclus anynana, the squinting bush brown butterfly. Wnt signaling genes play an integral role in the communications of multicellular biological systems. To show how Wnt signaling influences eyespot and band butterfly wing patterns, Banerjee et al. demonstrate that different members of the Wnt signaling pathways are spatially and temporally regulated during different stages of wing development. This work gives insight into how interaction between different Wnt signaling pathways influences complex biological color patterns, as well as the differentiation of other biological tissues. Credit: Image by Dr. Tirtha Das Banerjee (Antónia Monteiro Lab)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_30.txt,multiBv1,9_30.txt,train
Current Biology,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_3.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Dagenais et al. demonstrate that the characteristic polygonal pattern of grooves on the noses of
dogs, ferrets, and cows develops in the embryo via the mechanical coupling between
epidermal folding and stiff blood vessels. Homogeneous growth of the epidermis makes
it buckle into sharp creases exactly facing an underlying network of blood vessels
because the latter form rigid base points—akin to stiff pillars supporting rising
arches. These results suggest a new concept of “mechanical positional information”
by which material properties of anatomical elements impose local constraints on an
otherwise globally self-organized mechanical process. The resulting skin grooves retain
physiological fluid, thereby keeping the nose wet and, among other effects, facilitating
the collection of chemosensory molecules. Image by Paule Dagenais, Fabrice Berger,
and Michel C. Milinkovitch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,"On the cover: Pulvinus at the base of a leaflet in the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), a species that rapidly folds its leaves upon touch. In this issue, Sleboda et al.
(pages 639–646) demonstrate that pulvini, the hinge-like organ regions that actuate
leaf movement, are characterized by a suite of structural features at multiple length
scales that optimize the folding motion. Exquisite ultrastructural elements such as
aligned cellulose microfibrils combined with flattened cell geometries promote directional
swelling of the cortex tissue. In the epidermis, transversally elongated cell shapes
and tissue folds (visible here) confer anisotropic support to efficiently direct pressure-generated
forces into a bending motion—similar to a hydraulically driven robotic arm. Scanning
electron micrograph acquired by David Sleboda and edited by Anja Geitmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_21.txt,allv2,33_21.txt,"On the cover: In the Drosophila larval epidermis, the cells of the barrier epidermal sheet are typically mononucleate
and highly ordered, assuming polygonal shapes of a remarkably uniform size. In this
issue, Wang and colleagues (pages 2215–2227) show that this stereotypical morphology
is dependent upon the normal function of the integrin cell adhesion complex. The image
shows a larval epidermal sheet deficient for the integrin adhesion adaptor protein
PINCH. Epidermal membranes are labeled with fasciclin III (magenta), and epidermal
nuclei (orange) express a red fluorescent protein transgene. Knockdown of PINCH leads
to large multinucleate cells—some containing in excess of 20 nuclei—as well as variously
sized binucleate, trinucleate, and misshapen cells. The findings are important because
the integrin complex, although previously implicated in many cellular functions in
diverse tissues, has not previously been shown to be a suppressor of cell-cell fusion.
Image by Yan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_8.txt,sbert,25_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Langton et al. (pages 1969–1978) show that the dASPP-dRASSF8
complex regulates cell-cell adhesion by fine tuning Src activity during Drosophila retinal morphogenesis. Loss of either dASPP or dRASSF8 results in defective cell-cell
contacts and ultimately abnormal cell arrangements in the adult eye. These proteins
are therefore part of the machinery that sculpts cell-cell contacts to generate extremely
precise patterns such as the beautiful crystalline lattice of the Drosophila compound eye. The cover image shows a scanning electron micrograph of a dRASSF8 mutant adult eye. The individual facets of the Drosophila eye are normally organized as hexagons, but defective cell-cell contacts in dRASSF8 mutants can result in unusual square facets. Image by Paul Langton and Anne Weston.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_2.txt,multiBv1,19_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_9.png,B,"COVER: Management and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, inspired by the Review on p337.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"How to manage iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,ave_3,20_7.txt,"Exploring the association between stress and metabolic disease, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_11.png,B,"On the cover: The gut microbiome consists of a large community of microbes that are
spatially organized. Disruption in either the overall composition or the localization
of specific species has been linked to inflammation and disease. In this issue, two
Resource articles examine how gut microbial community structure changes as a result
of diet, inflammation, and therapy. By examining pediatric Crohn's disease patients,
Lewis et al. (pp. 489–500) show that abnormal composition of intestinal bacteria,
or dysbiosis, is independently associated with antibiotic exposure, inflammation,
and diet and decreases with reduced intestinal inflammation. By developing a pipeline
that allows high-throughput quantification of gut microbial organization, Earle et
al. (pp. 478–488) examine the effects of dietary changes on the spatial organization
of gut microbes. Removal of dietary carbohydrates that fuel commensals increases the
proximity of gut microbes to the epithelium and heightens expression of inflammatory
markers. The cover image highlights the compositional and structural diversity of
the gut microbiota and was generated by Arwa Abbas.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/18_3.txt,allv2,18_3.txt,"On the cover: Microbial metabolites mediate host-microbiome communication. Determining
how host-microbial interactions contribute to inflammatory pathologies requires efforts
to connect disease-associated gut microbes (pink) to alterations in gut and plasma
metabolites (blue). In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Schirmer and Stražar et al. establish microbe-metabolite connections across disease severity in the PROTECT cohort
of pediatric ulcerative colitis patients. Paired metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics
revealed disease-associated microbes, microbial genes, and metabolites. The authors
show how subsequent culturomics profiling can be used to connect specific microbial
species with metabolite changes in disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"On the cover: Metabolism impacts various aspects of the host-microbe interplay. The
metabolic interaction between the microbe and the host may be mutually beneficial
to both parties or may represent a competition for a limiting nutrient critical for
host/microbe survival. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe explores the connection between microbes and metabolism with a series of reviews
that highlight the metabolic crosstalk between a host and its microbiota, the battle
for transition metals, and the dependence of parasites on host nutrition, and examines
the utility of mining the microbiome for therapeutics. Along with this review collection,
primary work in this issue from Bhattarai et al. (775–785) shows how the bacterial
metabolite tryptamine promotes gastrointestinal transit; Hirako et al. (796–808) examine
how the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, coordinates its life cycle with host food intake; and Zhang et al. (819–831) describe
how Dengue virus hijacks lipid metabolism of infected cells to promote virion production.
Cover art was designed by Donna T. DeSmet and Peter Steiner and contributed by Purna
Kashyap.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/23_1.txt,multiBv1,23_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts the direct communication between Enterococcus bacteria (purple) and intestine stem cells (ISCs) (blue) in inflammatory bowel disease.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Li et al. demonstrate that a metabolite derived from Enterococcus bacteria hijacks an adrenergic receptor in ISCs, directly suppressing ISC proliferation
and epithelial regeneration, thereby exacerbating colitis. This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe also presents a microbial survival guide. Microbes face harsh environments that they
must adapt to in order to survive, grow/proliferate, and spread. This collection (or
guide) consists of a series of review and primary research articles that cover an
array of stresses faced by microbes and their mechanisms to adapt and survive in adverse
conditions, including reviews discussing colonization resistance (Woelfel et al.),
antibiotic resistance (Abbas et al.), microbial persistence (Conlon et al.), and phage
resistance (Aranguren et al.). Reviews covering inter-bacterial warfare (Kennedy and
Comstock), nutrient acquisition (Muramatsu and Winter), and bacterial-drug interactions
(Cuesta-Zuluaga et al.) are also presented. Within this guide, primary research articles
expand our understanding on the arsenal employed by different microbes under inhospitable
conditions, including antibiotic exposure in the urinary tract (Amoura et al.), pathogen
expansion by exploiting or limiting host response (Yoo et al. and Szczesna et al.),
microbial enzymatic metabolism during endobiotic homeostasis (Simpson et al.), and
the phage-bacteria relationship (Benz et al.). Cover design by artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.txt,sbert,32_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.png,C,"T cell receptor therapeutics, inspired by the Review on p996.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_1.txt,sbert,22_1.txt,"AAV-based gene therapy for neurological disorders, inspired by the Review on p789.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_3.txt,multiBv1,22_3.txt,"A golden age for muscarinic receptors as targets for neurological diseases, inspired by the Review on p743.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_3.txt,groundtruth,23_3.txt,"Ligands as drug targets, inspired by the Review on p695.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_3.txt,allv2,19_3.txt,val
One Earth,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_12.png,D,"On the cover: The byproducts of human innovation—synthetic chemicals, materials, wastes,
and modified organisms—have flooded the environment, causing widespread harm to people
and planet. Although our knowledge of these novel entities and the risks they pose
is growing, a lack of data, weak regulation, and industry secrets are preventing us
from tackling the unknowns of this increasingly synthetic world. This month’s cover
was selected to illustrate the human modification of the Earth’s surface, the potential
crossing of a planetary boundary, and the numerous knowledge gaps that remain. Image
credit: Nazar Abbas Photography, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_3.txt,sbert,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,allv2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: The chemical sector is a vital pillar of modern society, providing goods
and services that meet the everyday needs of the individual and offer solutions to
society-wide challenges: healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, energy, and water
treatment, to name a few. Yet there are also trade-offs and externalities: emissions,
pollutants, and wastes are synonymous with today's chemical operations. A responsible
and sustainable future will only be realized if the chemical sector embraces circularity.
Hal Bergman for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_8.txt,ave_2,7_8.txt,"On the cover: Scientific journals can play an important role in the curation and communication
of key scientific advances and expert opinions. But as the scientific literature and
number of publication platforms continue to expand, it can be easy to lose sight of
these important functions. Image: Eoneren, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_14.png,B,"A glycosaminoglycan target is synthesized and modified through the integrated use of chemical and enzymatic methods. Chemoenzymatic synthesis can be performed in solution phase or using a solid support. Cover art by Xing Zhang and Lei Lin. See article by Huang, Linhardt and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00420). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,"In the past, glycan synthesis has been difficult, requiring multi-step manual operations and a highly skilled workforce (at the remote end). Through the time and space tunnel, a donor preactivation-based strategy has enabled glycan synthesis from oligosaccharides to polysaccharides and from manual to automated synthesis, reaching a new height (at the proximal end).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"From simple glycosyl iodide building blocks, complex glycan structures emerge in step economy synthetic processes. See Account by Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00357). Cover art design by Simon Park and Steven Oerding. Image of torus used under license from Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_12.txt,ave_2,2016_12.txt,"In this Account, we describe our journey, which spans over a decade, for the development of a chemical toolbox for the synthesis of large and uniquely modified proteins such as the preparation of the ~53 kD tetra-ubiquitinated α-globin labeled with different tags for proteasomal degradation studies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_1.txt,ave_3,2019_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_10.png,D,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,allv2,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on “Microglia and Astrocytes” showcases the complex role of these
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the crosstalk between them
– as well as with other CNS and immune cells. The collection aims to improve our understanding
of the immune response in the CNS during homeostasis and disease, examining cases
of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The cover
illustration depicts microglia (left) and astrocyte (right) cells. Images – credit:
selvanegra/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_5.txt,ave_2,41_5.txt,"Our special issue on “Microglia and Astrocytes” showcases the complex role of these
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the crosstalk between them
– as well as with other CNS and immune cells. The collection aims to improve our understanding
of the immune response in the CNS during homeostasis and disease, examining cases
of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The cover
illustration depicts microglia (left) and astrocyte (right) cells. Images – credit:
selvanegra/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_4.txt,ave_3,41_4.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_20.png,A,"Molecular plastics programming is reported as an effective prescriptive strategy for achieving programmable molecular-macroscopic correspondence. With each monomer envisioned as a divisible entity, constituted with building blocks (rigid, flexible, spacer coupling, linker), a set of guiding principles",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,A chemical pattern formation method is presented that uses a cross-linked polymer mat to enable independent control of both pattern dimensions and chemistries. The chemical patterns can be used to immobilize nanoparticles and to direct the assembly of block copolymers. See page 1876.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_18.txt,multiBv1,2011_18.txt,"In  recent advances in living anionic polymerization, the functional polymers with  well-defined structures and various elaborate complex macromolecular  architectures can be synthesized. In this Perspective, we highlight the living  anionic polymerization of novel attractive functional monomers, discuss the  possibility and limit for controlling the regio- and stereoselective  polymerization, and provide the effective methodology for synthesis of various  structurally complex macromolecules as promising nanomaterials. See page 1883. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_19.txt,sbert,2014_19.txt,"Evolution of architectural codes from a single parameter to a multiplet allows for programmable and independent regulation of strength, softness, and firmness of polymer networks. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2019_5.txt,allv2,2019_5.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_2.png,D,"Shaping sustainable cooling
Cooling demand is expected to increase. A new framework of socio-economic, technological, environmental and geopolitical factors allows researchers to identify sustainable cooling solutions, which go beyond improving technology.
See Khosla et al.
Image: ballyscanlon / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"Complexities of water and conflict
Popular conceptions of ‘water wars’ can lead to fears that water scarcity and water demand invariably lead to conflict over water resources. Rulli and colleagues examine a range of biophysical factors interconnecting with the socio-political context of the Lake Chad region of Africa and find that water does not lead directly to armed conflict but that it can increase complex tensions to prolong or escalate violence.
See Galli et al.
Image: Kypros/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_3.txt,sbert,5_3.txt,"Policies for the Anthropocene
Transgressing planetary boundaries generates complex and long-run threats. Sterner et al. discuss the importance of analysing the underlying mechanisms across scientific domains, taking politics into account, in order to design policies that allow human life to thrive over time within the biophysical limits of planet Earth.
See Sterner et al.
Image: NASA. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Litigation and environment
Seeking environmental justice requires vast amounts of written law and armies of lawyers to adjudicate them fairly. Litigation between various types of stakeholders is a primary means of navigating these laws and should be studied for what it reveals about how environmental law impacts both nature and society.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_9.png,C,"Estimates of global dryland changes are often conflicting. This Review discusses and quantifies observed and projected aridity changes, revealing divergent responses between atmospheric and ecohydrological metrics owing to plant physiological responses to elevated CO2. See Lian et al.
Image: Felix Cesare / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_9.txt,allv2,2_9.txt,"Enhanced drought frequency and magnitude have impacted tree mortality, leading to multiple examples of regional-scale dieback. This Review outlines the mechanisms leading to mortality, including carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. See McDowell et al.
Image: Ashley Cooper/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"Grapes produced for winemaking are highly susceptible to change in climate, particularly extreme heat and drought. This Review examines the changing geography of existing and emerging winegrowing regions, and recommends adaptation measure to increasing heat and modified drought, pest and disease pressure.
Image credit: Bloomberg creative/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"Land-use and climate changes can reduce the resilience of river deltas to regime shifts in channel morphodynamics, estuarine turbidity and the state of coastal wetlands. This Review discusses how these regime shifts can be triggered, monitored and prevented.
Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_2.png,C,"Perturbing the system, inspired by the Review on p345.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_7.txt,ave_3,21_7.txt,"Engineering on a small scale, inspired by the Review on p581.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_4.txt,allv2,23_4.txt,"Forces that squeeze, inspired by the Review on p768.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"‘Breaking the blockade’ inspired by the Review on p133
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,val
Nature Cities,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_11.png,D,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Green space use and COVID
The COVID-19 pandemic redefined the use of urban space worldwide. This systematic review considers how urban green space use, such as in this park in Singapore, changed in 60 countries and found disturbing disparities.
See Kleinschroth et al.
Image: Fritz Kleinschroth, ETH Zürich. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.png,A,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,multiBv1,1_11.txt,"Nanoisland nests for cluster catalysis
Stabilizing noble metal cluster catalysts presents a formidable roadblock to harnessing their high atom efficiency and size-dependent properties for industrial reactions. Now, Bruce Gates, Jingyue Liu, Xu Li, Jie Zeng and co-workers report on a strategy for confining few-atom platinum clusters on cerium oxide (CeOx) nanoislands that are stably dispersed on a commercial high-area porous silica support. These ensembles work as nanoreactors, wherein the platinum clusters remain confined even under harsh hydrogenation reaction conditions. The cover image shows an illustrative render of these nanoreactors, with the platinum clusters confined to isolated nanoisland nests.
See Chen et al.
Image: Yizhen Chen, University of California, Davis, and Xu Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,sbert,1_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_7.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p143.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p331.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_7.txt,allv2,19_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p403.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_6.txt,ave_2,19_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p323.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.png,A,"Therapeutic single-cell atlas in inflammatory bowel disease
Buckley and colleagues profile individuals with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis before and after adalimumab therapy. Specific pre-treatment differences in the epithelial and myeloid compartments were associated with remission outcomes in both diseases. The authors also describe the cellular circuitry in patients from the non-remission group after treatment.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Calliope Dendrou, University of Oxford. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"Transitional ILC subsets
Cella, Gamini and colleagues show that human mucosal tissues contain a spectrum of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs span from ILC3 to ILC1, with subsets having intermediate features of both.
See Colonna et al.
Image: Marina Cella and Marco Colonna. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,"Innate and adaptive features of γδ TCRs
Hayday and colleagues demonstrate that the T cell receptors of a major subset of human colonic intraepithelial γδ T cells mediate specific responses to Butyrophilin-like proteins expressed by human gut epithelial cells. This interaction is conserved in mice, and illustrates the capacity of γδ T cells to make innate and adaptive responses via the single T cell receptor.
Manuscript type (Hayday research article) and DOI 10.1038/s41590-018-0253-5
Image: Bradley Spencer-Dene. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_1.txt,multiBv1,19_1.txt,"Intestinal immunity to attaching-and-effacing bacterial pathogens requires the local generation of antimicrobial peptides. Murphy and colleagues (p 937; News and Views by Sallusto, p 890) show that a Notch2-dependent subset of classical dendritic cells (cDCs) initiates this response by producing the cytokine IL-23. The original fluorescence micrograph, generated by Ansuman T. Satpathy and Carlos G. Briseño, shows Zbtb46-GFP+ cDCs (green), CD4+ lymphoid cells (pink) and β-catenin-positive epithelial cells (red) in the intestinal mucosa. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/14_4.txt,ave_2,14_4.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,48_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_2.png,A,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_2.txt,groundtruth,48_2.txt,"Dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in various cognitive
functions. Intriguingly, dopamine axons grow from the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal
cortex during adolescence – the only clearly-established case of adolescent long-distance
axon growth. This growth is coordinated by molecular guidance cues, including Netrin-1
and its receptors. In a Review in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Daniel Hoops
and Cecilia Flores discuss the mechanisms of dopamine axon growth during adolescence,
and their links to genetic and environmental factors that impact prefrontal cortex
development. Cover image by iStock/TEXTUREW.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/40_1.txt,ave_2,40_1.txt,"The amygdala is a multi-nuclear limbic system structure that functions
as a primary processing center for social and emotional behaviors in the vertebrate
brain. The term ‘amygdala’ comes from the Greek word for ‘almond’ due to its
characteristic ovoid shape. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Joshua Corbin
and colleagues review how one of the key nuclei of the amygdala, the medial
amygdala, is formed from embryonic development and how these developmental
programs may drive the emergences of innate social behaviors. The cover image
shows an almond tree at two stages of its lifecycle; during springtime when flowers
are blooming and during summer when it has reached its mature state. The arrows
in the young tree invoke the formation of different lineages of amygdala neurons
that form different branches of the tree, which then differentiate into populations
of neurons that control different aspects of medial amygdala regulated behaviors.
Cover image credits: Benjamin Toth/Getty Images; cover design by Joshua Corbin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/48_1.txt,allv2,48_1.txt,"Prefrontal cortex neurons signal through the basal ganglia via two distinct pathways
that regulate approach versus avoidance. Coordinated balance between activities in
these two pathways is needed for fl exible behavior. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Donald Pfaff and Helen Barbas present a hypothesis that applies the dichotomy in
the two pathways to social behaviors and propose imbalance in approach/avoidance circuitry
as a mechanism for social avoidance in autism. Cover image by iStock/Coprid.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_6.txt,ave_3,42_6.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_4.png,D,"The polarization of photons in organic microcavities can be tailored by properly designing the active materials, i.e., organic single crystals, that possess strong anisotropy. The anisotropy ascribed to the orientation of individual molecules and molecular packing can lead to the splitting of circular polarization and dislocation of linear polarization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2024_23.txt,allv2,2024_23.txt,"This cover illustrates the development of scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (S-UEM) with nanometer spatial and subpicosecond temporal resolutions to visualize selectively the surface carrier dynamics in a variety of semiconductor materials, which is a capability far out of reach of optical probing time-resolved laser spectroscopy and static electron microscopy. The image shows side illumination of the field emitter by femtosecond laser pulses for pulsed electron generation, and the photon pulse for dynamics initiation. A variable optical delay line is used to adjust the arrival time of the pump pulse at the specimen surface, relative to that of the electron probe pulse. Several time-resolved secondary electron images at selected time delays are displayed to indicate the contrast development. The dashed ellipse indicates the location of the laser on the specimen. The methodology described in this work provides direct dynamical information about the key photophysical processes on materials' surfaces including optoelectronic devices and other state-of-the-art devices that rely on surface and interfacial carrier dynamics. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2016_19.txt,sbert,2016_19.txt,"This cover depicts the fundamental principle underlying a recently reported electronic preresonance stimulated Raman scattering microspectroscopy, which has proven to be an effective bioimaging method for providing high detection sensitivity with maintained narrow-bandwidth chemical selectivity. There are two coupled amplification mechanisms here. First is the stimulated Raman scattering, represented by the two laser lines, one for excitation and one for stimulated emission. When the energy difference between the two lasers matches the vibrational energy of the chemical bond of interest, the Raman transition is enhanced by orders of magnitude. Second is the resonance Raman effect. When the electronic absorption energy of the molecules, indicated by the colors showing absorption from UV to near-infrared, approach the excitation laser energy, the Raman signal for the electronically coupled vibrational mode will be significantly enhanced. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2018_10.txt,multiBv1,2018_10.txt,"The cover art is a graphical illustration of dark-field detection for enhancement in circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of a thin film of uniaxially distributed naproxen microcrystals. Differentially circularly polarized light, represented by the top left arrows rotating opposite directions, passes through a crystalline thin film. This enhancement is represented by the CD spectra on the bottom center. The incoherent, scattered contributions to the transmitted beam leading to the enhancement are isolated by dark-field detection, in which the unscattered light is preferentially rejected by a spatial filter, depicted in the bottom right. Unlike the isotropic CD response, which arises primarily from magnetic dipole contributions, the incoherent CD produces a chiral response that is fully electric-dipole-allowed, much larger than the corresponding isotropic chiral response, and non-reciprocal (inverts upon sample reorientation). The non-resonant (linear birefringence) and resonant (linear dichroism) transition moments dominating the electric-dipole-allowed chiral response of the test system, (S)-naproxen, are pictured in the bottom left of the image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_2.png,B,"In this issue...
Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice.

Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_5.txt,ave_3,37_5.txt,"In this issue...
Welcome to the first artificial intelligence themed issue of BDJ In Practice!

We're looking at everything from horizon-scanning, future gazing, AI's impact on oral surgery, indemnity ramifications - and more",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_2.txt,groundtruth,37_2.txt,"In this issue
In June's issue of BDJ In Practice, we ask what the future has in store for the profession and the balance between artificial and assisted intelligence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_7.txt,allv2,36_7.txt,"In this issue...
In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_2,36_1.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_7.png,B,"Glaciers in retreat
A Patagonian gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis) flies over the Perito Moreno Glacier in southern Argentina. Glacier retreat causes extensive changes to glacier-fed biota across marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems worldwide. This will impact the structure of aquatic food webs, with potentially significant consequences for predators such as fish, mammals and birds. As generalist feeders, gulls should be able to adapt to these changes.
See Cauvy-Fraunié & Dangles
Image: Olivier Dangles, IRD. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"Urban mutations
Ring-billed Gull in Hamilton Harbour, Hamilton, Canada, with steel-plant smokestacks in the background. The smokestacks emit polycyclic hydrocarbons that have been shown to induce heritable mutations in herring gulls and mammals. A Perspective by Johnson et al. highlights how such mutations may be important for the ecology, evolution and health of diverse organisms.
See Johnson et al.
Image: Marc Johnson. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Conservation genomics
Comprehensive genome analysis of almost all living individuals of the endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) may guide efforts to pull this nocturnal, flightless bird in Aotearoa New Zealand back from the brink of extinction. Genomics can help to inform conservation decisions, including prioritizing individuals for translocation and identifying individuals with high disease risk.
See Guhlin et al.
Image: Andrew Digby. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_3.txt,sbert,7_3.txt,"City heat
Genetically distinct populations of urban lizards, such as male crested anoles (Anolis cristatellus) in Puerto Rico, provide an opportunity to understand rapid parallel evolution of complex thermal traits. A single non-synonymous polymorphism associated with heat tolerance plasticity may explain how these urban lizards can endure higher temperatures than populations in forests.
See Campbell-Staton et al.
Image: Kristin Winchell. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_9.txt,allv2,4_9.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_8.png,C,"From lab strain to stinkbug symbiont
This image shows adult stinkbugs, Plautia stali, infected with evolutionary Escherichia coli lines before (left, dark) and after (right, green) the evolution of mutualism. Single mutations disrupting the carbon catabolite repression global transcriptional regulator system transform E. coli into an insect mutualist, which confers better survival, larger body size and normal green colour on the host insect.
See Koga et al.
Image: Minoru Moriyama, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/7_5.txt,multiBv1,7_5.txt,"Islands in the stream
Surface topography and fluid flow conditions influence quorum-sensing-mediated communication in bacterial biofilms, leading to complex spatial and temporal phenotypic patterns in genetically identical populations.
See Kim et al. 1, 15005 (2016)
Image: Kim, M. K. et al.Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"Range expansion promotes cheaters
Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies develop spatial patterns through cooperative swarming. During experimental evolution experiments, cheaters emerged, leading to the disruption of the spatial patterns and a decline in population fitness. The authors found that populations were more vulnerable to invading cheaters in a spatially extended system due to a higher level of cooperation. This collapse of cooperation during microbial range expansion is shown to be tied to its spatial dynamics: spatial structure promoted the invasion of cheaters, while in well-mixed cultures cheaters remained at low frequencies.
See Luo et al.
Credit line: Nan Luo. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,"Five years of Nature Microbiology
Shown are Escherichia coli and the cheese-associated bacterium Pseudomonas psychrophila growing with a cheese-associated Penicillium fungus. Pierce and colleagues study the interactions between fungi and bacteria in microbiomes. They combine random barcode transposon-site sequencing, RNA sequencing, bacterial cytological profiling and metabolomics to reveal that fungi can affect the fitness of bacterial mutants through a variety of mechanisms. Their findings may translate to a better understanding of the effects of fungi on bacterial phenotypes in mixed-species microbiomes.
See Pierce, E. C. et al.
Image: Emily Pierce, University of California, San Diego and Elliot Weiss, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_12.txt,sbert,6_12.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_2.png,D,"On the cover: Mice carrying the C. elegans FAT-1 enzyme, which converts w-6 to w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or mice fed an ω-3 fatty-acid-enriched diet exhibit
enhanced TRPV4 function in endothelial cells and TRPV4-mediated vasodilation in mice.
The cover image from Caires et al. depicts a canola flower dripping w-3 fatty-acid-enriched oil into a TRPV4-containing plasma membrane. Painting made
by Dr. Rebeca Caires in watercolor on cold-pressed paper.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/40_4.txt,ave_3,40_4.txt,"On the cover: In this 3D reconstruction of zebrafish epicardial fat, the coronary
vascular system (pink) is intertwined with adipocytes (engulfed in flames) that have
thermogenic potential in response to cold exposure. In this issue, Morocho-Jaramillo et al. show that beige like epicardial adipocytes in zebrafish are key metabolic regulators,
similar to healthy human epicardial fat. Concept and artwork: Paul A. Morocho Jaramillo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_10.txt,ave_2,43_10.txt,"On the cover: Raajendiran et al. show that human adipose tissue is made of three different
adipocyte progenitor cell types that give rise to metabolically distinct mature adipocytes.
The cover image depicts adipocyte progenitor cells from the same adipose depot (shown
as a stem) developing into different types of adipocytes, arranged like a flower on
each stem. The pollen grains (yellow) floating above each flower represent the fatty
acids released by that flower while the fire represents thermogenesis. Art by Arthe
Raajendiran.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/27_9.txt,allv2,27_9.txt,"On the cover: Fat Cells in Full Bloom. In homage to Van Gogh's iconic Sunflowers,
Rosiflowers are depicted as mature fat cells with increased ribosomal protein expression
that drives their maturation from heterogeneous progenitor leaves and preadipocyte
buds in the adipose stromal vascular fraction. In this issue, De Siqueira et al. demonstrate that the PPARγ agonist, Rosiglitazone, promotes adipogenesis by stimulating
ribosomal gene expression. Image credit: Demin Lu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_8.png,B,"Noise levels in a nonhuman primate housing facility
Environmental noise can cause stress to the animals used in research. Most studies assessing noise levels in animal facilities have been done in rodent facilities, and few studies, if any, have focused on nonhuman primates. In a new article, McLeod and colleagues characterized in detail the living environment of research nonhuman primates by recording sound levels and other variables using a monitoring device placed inside of a cage in a macaque housing room.
See McLeod et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_4.txt,ave_3,51_4.txt,"Monitoring squirrel hibernation with shredded paper
Detecting torpor-bout duration in heterothermic mammals is usually invasive or inaccurate. To solve this problem, Hutchinson et al. developed a cost-effective, non-invasive method using the paper towel shredding behavior of ground squirrels to detect arousals with 100% accuracy over a long hibernation period.
See Hutchinson et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_8.txt,groundtruth,53_8.txt,"Digging deeper into the marble burying task
The marble burying task (MBT) is widely used to measure anxiety-like behavior in rodent models, but it is not typically video-recorded. In our first Brief Communication, Burgett et al. show that using a single photo at the end of the task might not be a reliable indicator of rodent engagement with marbles. The authors suggest that video analysis might provide a more accurate representation of the rich set of behaviors displayed in the MBT.
See Burgett et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_1.txt,allv2,53_1.txt,"Automated recording in the home cage
If animal activity is your measure, you need a good baseline against which to compare any changes following an experimental invention. Home cages that can automatically track the motion of the mice within can provide such information. A new research article this month uses an automated home cage tracking device to establish baseline activity for three mouse strains, highlighting differences in locomotor patterns and underscoring the need to know the basics about the model you are working with.
See Fuochi et al.
IMAGE: Supertruper/Getty, Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/50_4.txt,sbert,50_4.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_6.png,C,"As a showcase of the union of computer simulation and experimental work, this cover art captures the complex interaction of cationic polymers with RNA. It marks the progress from traditional trial and error to intelligent design in developing precise polymeric drug delivery systems, demonstrating a significant advance in drug carrier technology. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,"Showcasing drug delivery research performed within the biotech and pharma industry, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Research Frontiers in Industrial Drug Delivery and Formulation Science.""  In this VSI the Guest Editor Team has assembled a superb collection of articles describing research and development led by industrial scientists and performed in collaboration with academic institutions.  An accompanying editorial  by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"Point-of-care (POC) manufacturing facilities enable an agile pharmaceutical production paradigm that can respond to localized needs, providing personalized and precision medicine. We employed a theoretical framework encompassing the production of active pharmaceutical ingredient ""inks"" at a centralized facility, which are distributed to POC sites for DoD dispensing into/onto delivery vehicles (e.g., orodispersible films, capsules, and single liquid dose vials).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,test
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.png,A,"The cover picture illustrates the preparation of diamond composites using ancient Chinese alchemy techniques, reflecting the synergistic effect when diamond is composited with other materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The fabrication of copper-based materials with the controlled atomic arrangement and valence states based on neural network-accelerated computational simulations and skilled synthetic chemistry. Using these catalytic nanoparticles coupled with novel reactors, the selectivity of the target product is improved and the energy consumption of CO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_10.txt,ave_3,2023_10.txt,"Novel superhard materials with exciting potential for applications in cutting tools and abrasives can be designed by combining incompressible transition metals with boron to create phases like WB4, pictured here. Diamond-cell-based high-pressure radial diffraction enables the direct study of lattice specific mechanisms for hardening.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,"Integrating domain knowledge into artificial intelligence, this Account signifies a transformative shift in catalytic materials discovery toward a sustainable future. Cover designed by Tianyou Mou with help from Xue Han.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,train
Science Advances,11_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_1.png,C,"ONLINE COVER The entrance aperture of the U.S. National Science Foundation Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope opening to the skies above Haleakalā on the island of Maui. By combining pristine sky conditions with enormous light collection, this coronagraphic instrument remotely probes the eruptive magnetic fields of the Sun’s faint outer atmosphere. Schad et al. derived maps of magnetic-induced polarized signatures in the Sun’s corona that provide a fundamental window for understanding our dynamic Sun and its interactions with the solar system. Credit: NSO/AURA/NSF",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_37.txt,allv2,10_37.txt,"ONLINE COVER The rising sun taken from the International Space Station as the station flew along a path between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina. Using a variety of models, Wu et al. analyzed the history of the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and temperature, as well as the relationship between the solar thermal tide and the length of the solar day. Their findings suggest that the 24-hour day results from the transfer of angular momentum from Earth’s orbit to the spin of the Earth, via the thermal tidal torque. In the absence of the resonant lock, the current length of day would be in excess of 65 hours. Credit: NASA",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_27.txt,sbert,9_27.txt,"ONLINE COVER The crescent Earth rises above the lunar horizon in this photograph taken from the Apollo 17 spacecraft in lunar orbit during the final lunar landing mission in the Apollo program. The evolution of the lunar magnetic field helps explain the Moon’s interior structure, thermal history, and surface environment. Using mare basalt samples from the Moon’s Oceanus Procellarum at midlatitude, gathered from the Chang’e-5 mission, Cai et al. describe the existence of a weak lunar dynamo 2 billion years ago. Their findings also suggest an alternative mechanism for the origin of the young lunar volcanism. These details will help shape studies of lunar space weathering and volatile materials. Credit: NASA/JSC",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_1.txt,groundtruth,11_1.txt,"ONLINE COVER Black chert taken from a vertical vein below a 3.5-billion-year-old (Ga) seafloor vent system. Working with chert samples from the North Pole Dome area of the Pilbara Craton, Australia, Rasmussen and Muhling found that some of the carbon in the veins of the chert are comprised of organic compounds formed through abiotic or nonliving processes. They suggest that these processes may have impacted the chemistry of the early ocean and atmosphere. The study could serve to further unveil the emergence and early evolution of life. Credit: Larry Geddis/Alamy",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_5.txt,multiBv1,9_5.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/7_1.png,B,"Pathways for small changes in large language models
Large language models have, as their name implies, a large number of parameters: over 175 million for example for GPT-3. An analysis by Ding et al. in this issue explores how changing only a few parameters can bring a model onto a new path (as conceptually visualized in the cover image) to fine-tune them for new tasks.
See Ding et al.
Image: Ruiqi Shao, Beijing ModelBest Technology Co., Ltd. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_10.txt,allv2,5_10.txt,"Exploring causality, dynamics and cognition with LLMs
Modern vision-based large language models (LLMs) appear remarkably human-like at first glance. However, when tested on canonical psychology experiments, they fall short of human capabilities in predicting complex physical interactions, causal relationships, and intuitive understanding of others’ preferences. The image shows an embodied agent playing pool and aiming at a block tower, illustrating the experiments that the models were tested on.
See Schulze Buschoff et al.
Image: Elif Akata, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Designing machines with feeling analogues
Living organisms evaluate their own goals and behaviour in a dynamic world by homeostasis: the regulation of internal body states. Man and Damasio propose to design machines with something akin to this physiological process, so that they have an internal guidance for making decisions and controlling behaviours. The authors consider the possibility of constructing robots with bodies that, in a process that mimics homeostasis, need to be maintained within a narrow range of viability states. Examining advances in the area of soft robotics, the authors raise the possibility of building machines with sensors and effectors that provide them with multimodal homeostatic data - or feeling analogues.
See Man et al.
Image: Colin Anderson Productions pty ltd – Getty images. Cover Design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_3.txt,multiBv1,1_3.txt,"Automated behaviour analysis
Understanding the relationship between brain function and behaviour is a goal of neuroscience and psychology. Automated behavioural analysis provides tools for investigating this goal, in combination with recordings of neuronal activity. Marks et al. present a deep learning pipeline that combines identification, tracking, pose estimation and behavioural classification for individual and social animal behaviour, using data only from simple mono-vision cameras in home-cage setups.
See Marks et al.
Credit: Ella Maruschenko. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_9.txt,ave_1,4_9.txt,train
Science Immunology,10_104,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/10_104.png,C,ONLINE COVER  TAMpering with tumors. Shown is FcγRIV expression (blue) on F4/80+ (green) and CD11b+ (red) macrophages in a subcutaneous melanoma tumor. Lehmann et al. show that different subtypes of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) work with therapeutic antibodies depending on tumor location. [CREDIT: LEHMANN ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_7.txt,sbert,2_7.txt,"ONLINE COVER Unraveling Tumor TRM Signatures. The phenotype of resident memory T cells (TRM) differs between tissues, but how cancer affects the residence program of tumor-infiltrating T cells is unclear. Gavil et al. analyzed T cells from murine mammary fat pads and breast carcinoma tissue to identify defining characteristics of tumor TRM. Rather than adopting typical features of residence, breast tumor TRM acquired a signature distinct from healthy tissue including chronic antigen-driven exhaustion. This month’s cover shows an immunofluorescence image of T cells (cyan) expressing the TRM marker CD103 (magenta) within murine mammary ductal epithelium (green) after priming with vesicular stomatitis virus. Credit: Olivia C. Smith",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_84.txt,ave_1,8_84.txt,"ONLINE COVER Immune Hotspots in Multiple Myeloma. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that develops in the bone marrow but can expand as breakout lesions into neighboring soft tissues as the disease progresses. Using single-cell and spatial multiomics, Lutz et al. compared the cellular composition of bone marrow–confined MM and breakout lesions in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Within breakout lesions, “immune islands” containing focal accumulation of immune cells served as sites for T cell clonal expansion and tumor genomic diversification. This month’s cover image, obtained using multiplexed imaging, shows an immune island within a breakout lesion from a patient with MM. Myeloid cells (yellow), NK cells (orange), and T cells (pink) surround vascular cells (green) and diffusely infiltrate areas dominated by plasma cells (blue). Credit: Johanna Wagner/German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and Niels Weinhold/Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/10_104.txt,groundtruth,10_104.txt,"ONLINE COVER Mapping Melanomas by Triangulation Analysis. This month’s cover shows a computationally generated spatial graph depicting the localization and spatial relationships between melanoma cells (red nodes) and various stroma and immune cell populations, including antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells (orange nodes), in a metastatic melanoma tissue section analyzed by CyTOF imaging mass cytometry. Moldoveanu et al. observed that proximity of antigen-experienced cytotoxic T cells to melanoma cells in pretreatment samples was linked to an improved patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. A separate study by Hoch et al. used multiplex imaging mass cytometry to profile chemokine expression and immune cell infiltrates in metastatic melanoma. Credit: Mathieu Lajoie/Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_70.txt,allv2,7_70.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.png,C,Cover illustrates nanometer-thick collector films of lithium batteries relying on a closely packed crossed-lamellar structure for excellent damage resistance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.txt,multiBv1,2024_1.txt,"fabrication by oxidizing the peroxymonosulfate at the interlayer of Mn SSCs and reducing dissolved oxygen on the surface of the Mn SSCs, which displays an excellent sulfamethoxazole elimination performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,"With a copper electrode background, the cover describes the process of carbon deposition leading to electrode poisoning in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction process. The carbon accumulation on the electrode surface is irregularly distributed, and the hydrogen evolution reaction is intensified.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The integration of green hydrogen production and storage through electrocatalysis, enabling the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into methanol or formic acid, and N2 or NOx with H2O into ammonia, holds great promise for streamlining the hydrogen economy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.png,C,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,multiBv1,2025_2.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,val
Trends in Plant Science,29_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_13.png,A,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_13.txt,groundtruth,29_13.txt,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_12.txt,allv2,29_12.txt,"Global agriculture is facing major challenges to ensure global food security, such
as the need to breed high yielding crops adapted to future climates and the identification
of dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production (biofuel feedstocks). Plant phenomics
offers a suite of new technologies to accelerate progress in understanding gene function
and environmental responses. This will enable breeders to develop new agricultural
germplasm to support future agricultural production. On pages 635–644 Robert T. Furbank
and Mark Tester present plant physiology in an ``omics'' perspective, review some
of the new high throughput and high resolution phenotyping tools and discuss their
application to plant biology, functional genomics and crop breeding.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/16_1.txt,ave_3,16_1.txt,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_4.png,D,"Cancer is multifaceted. The wide landscape of intratumoral heterogeneity renders every
tumor unique and presents a complex therapeutic challenge. Clonal diversity is a major
determinant of diagnosis, disease progression and response to therapy. On pages 231–241
in this issue, Jacoby et al. discuss recent genome-sequencing efforts to probe intratumor heterogeneity and weight
on the clinical value of monitoring subclonal evolution. On pages 242–251, Zhang and
Rosen examine the layered network of subclonal cellular interactions and its impact
in the design of tailored combinatorial therapies. Cover design by Angelina Yanushkevich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"Experimental cancer models often lack the complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors.
On pages 634–642 in this issue, Grandori and Kemp discuss approaches combining genomics
with high throughput functional testing of patient derived tumor organoids to overcome
key roadblocks in drug target discovery and precision medicine. Cover design by iStock/ChrisGorgio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"Fast-paced advances in single-cell sequencing technologies allow unprecedent ways
to probe tumor development, evolution, and response to therapies. On pages 13–19,
González-Silva et al. discuss the opportunities and roadblocks to use these technologies to unravel the
complexities of tumor heterogeneity, and translation into patient care. Cover design
by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_13.txt,ave_3,6_13.txt,"Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are highly heterogeneous. In this issue,
de Back et al. discuss how advances in transcriptomic subtyping can help inform
on new GI cancer taxonomies and approaches for clinical implementation. The
cover depicts a vibrant abstract representation of the lower gastrointestinal system,
featuring splashes of reds, deep purples, and a variety of colorful hues that symbolize
the complex nature of tumor heterogeneity within this region. The magnifying glass
highlights the intricate details of the cellular composition and emphasizes the
importance of molecular profiling in uncovering complexities through methods of
transcriptomic subtyping. Cover image designed by Ananya Tirumala, VI4 Artist-in-Residence
Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_4.txt,groundtruth,10_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_10.png,D,"Blood pressure variability, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_3.txt,multiBv1,19_3.txt,"Climate change and CVD, inspired by the Review on p798.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_1.txt,sbert,19_1.txt,"Cardiac health and disease in Latin America and Africa, inspired by the Review on p849.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,"Sex and ethnicity differences in MINOCA, inspired by the Review on p192.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,val
Nature Water,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_1.png,C,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,"All you can find in wastewater
Despite having been around for several decades, wastewater-based epidemiology only came to prominence only during the COVID-19 pandemic, during which it has been used across the globe to monitor the spread of the infection. The approach could potentially be extended to study the spread of other pathogens but also the lifestyle of entire populations, including drug use or dietary habits. The image on the cover shows the amount of viruses and chemicals that can be found in wastewater.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Kandella/Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"A socioeconomic view of antimicrobials
Monitoring the use of antimicrobial agents is a necessary step to find solutions to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One aspect that is rarely investigated is the connection of antimicrobial concentration with the socioeconomic status of the population. The image on the cover shows a heatmap illustrating per capita excreted loads of 56 detected antimicrobials and their transformation products, as reflected in wastewater influent from 50 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia. Each WWTP is characterized by varying population sizes, geographical remoteness, and socioeconomic statuses. The notable variation in antimicrobial excreted loads indicates diverse antimicrobial use behaviours among different populations in Australia.
See Li et al.
Image: Jinglong Li, The University of Queensland. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Sanitation in dense urban areas
A simple extension of conventional sanitation technologies cannot meet the rising needs in the rapidly expanding cities of the global south. The Comment by Abishek Sankara Narayan and colleagues presents a portfolio approach that systematically considers the co-existence of various sanitation systems, including centralized and decentralized sewer-based systems, varied types of on-site blackwater and greywater treatment, and household-level treatment in situ. The approach optimizes the integration of these systems to achieve multiple outcomes, including public health, environmental protection, climate resilience, resource recovery, and equity. The cover image provides an aerial view of a densely populated township in South Africa.
See Narayan et al.
Image: John Wang / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_2.txt,ave_2,2_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_36,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_36.png,C,"A novel microwave catalyst exhibits outstanding CO2 oxidative propane dehydrogenation (CO2-ODHP) performance by microwave catalysis at low temperatures, and the doping of Y greatly improved stability and regeneration performance for ZnO. This work cleverly utilizes microwave characteristics to solve the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.txt,sbert,2024_18.txt,A new copolymer architecture is reported for mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture. The corresponding grafted multi-block copolymer strongly improved filler/polymer compatibility up to high loadings of ZIF-8 (40 vol %) and the membrane CO2 permeability was increased by a factor 6 compared to the corresponding unloaded membrane.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_20.txt,multiBv1,2024_20.txt,high hydrogen permeable ZIF-8 membranes offer great application potential for extracting hydrogen from coke oven gas.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_36.txt,groundtruth,2024_36.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: C. M. Sanchez et al., “Hydrogen Stable Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes with Silver Carriers: Propylene and Propane Permeability and Solubility” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04886); H. Jiang et al., “Mixed-Matrix Membranes with Covalent Triazine Framework Fillers in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for CO2 Separations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04632); L.-C. Ma et al., “Gas Transport Properties of Teflon AF2400/Ceramic Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes in Dissolved-Gas-in-Oil Extraction” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06026); and T. H. Lee et al., “High-Performance Polyamide Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes Containing ZIF-8/CNT Hybrid Nanofillers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04810).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_41.txt,allv2,2020_41.txt,val
Trends in Plant Science,29_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_5.png,C,"Two papers by Christoph-Martin Geilfus and colleagues and Muzammil Hussain, Dominique
Van Der Straeten and colleagues discuss the recent breakthrough discovery that stressed
plants emit various informative ultrasonic sound signals, which can be categorized
according to plant species, stress type, and stress severity. This unlocks a new path
into research of plant—environment interactions with multiple possibilities for future
applications. Image credit: Daniela Leitner (design) and Christoph-Martin Geilfus
(concept).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_4.txt,allv2,28_4.txt,"Plants have always been a crucial resource for humans. This relationship between humans
and plants is addressed in ethnobotany, a discipline, located at the interface of
natural and social sciences. On pages 187–191 Teresa Garnatje, Josep Peñuelas, and
Joan Vallès propose a new term, ethnobotanical convergence, to refer to the similar
uses for plants included in the same node of a phylogeny. This phylogenetic approach
together with the ‘omics’ revolution holds promise for combining modern technologies
with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to identify new potential applications of
plants. Image credit: Á. Fernández-Llamazares, S. Garcia, T. Garnatje, A. Gras, N.
Gras, M. Parada, J. Peñuelas, V. Reyes-García, J. Vallès.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/22_10.txt,multiBv1,22_10.txt,"Living organisms rely on chemical and mechanical stimuli to adapt to
their environment. Among these stimuli, vibrations transmitted through substrates
are particularly important in influencing animal behavior and triggering physiological
responses in plants. This has led to the development of the field of biotremology,
which is
experiencing significant growth in both fundamental research and practical applications
such as pest control. As connections between biotremology and chemical ecology
become apparent, there is a growing need for a shared standardized vocabulary in the
overlapping areas to facilitate mutual understanding among different audiences. Valerio
Mazzoni and colleagues propose an updated set of terms in biotremology rooted in
chemical ecology, using the suffix “-done” derived from the classic Greek word “δονέω”
(pronounced “doneo”), meaning “to shake”. Image credit: Valerio Mazzoni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_5.txt,groundtruth,29_5.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,sbert,29_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_5.png,B,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,multiBv1,23_12.txt,"A pharmacological concerto, inspired by the Perspective on p626.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_5.txt,groundtruth,23_5.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.txt,ave_2,24_1.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_7.png,A,"Nitrosamines are potent human carcinogens that require metabolic activation to a diazonium reactive intermediate, which subsequently reacts with DNA. However, not all nitrosamines are equally potent and/or carcinogenic, and quantum mechanical assessment of the pathways involved with activation can help elucidate and predict reactivity and nitrosamine potency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, and its main in vivo metabolite, NNAL, are potent human lung carcinogens, and their enhanced clearance through glucuronidation will reduce the human lung cancer risk. Kava was demonstrated to enhance both O- and N-glucuronidation of NNAL among pilot trial participants, with N-glucuronidation predictive from UGT2B10 SNPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,Distinct Orchestration and Dynamic Processes on γ-H2AX and p-H3 for Two Major Types of Genotoxic Chemicals Revealed by Mass Spectrometry Analysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_5.txt,allv2,2020_5.txt,"Using a stable-isotope-labeled high-resolution mass spectrometry-based method, urinary metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_5.png,C,"Recapitulation of aortic stenosis via an implantable soft robotic sleeve
This issue highlights an inexpensive catheter-like device for sensing gastrointestinal motility, collagen-binding peptides that home to osteoarthritic tissue, and implantable biomaterials for a number of biomedical applications — in particular, strain-programmed patches for diabetic-wound healing, a soft robotic sleeve for the modelling of aortic stenosis, injectable depots for brachytherapy, adhesive drug depots for tendon healing, and antibiotic-loaded bone-cement matrices for the treatment of bone infections.
The cover illustrates an implantable soft robotic sleeve that recapitulates the haemodynamics and biomechanics of aortic stenosis.
See Rosalia et al.
Image: BioHues Digital. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/6_3.txt,multiBv1,6_3.txt,"Wireless monitoring of deep wounds via bioelectronic sutures
This issue highlights that the surface topography of silicone breast implants mediates the foreign-body response to them, a paste for rapid haemostatic sealing, coagulation-factor-adsorbing hydrogel microspheres for extracorporeal blood purification, cardiac patches for repairing infarcted myocardium, exosome-eluting stents for vascular healing, lubricating polymers for cartilage regeneration, the prevention of vascular-allograft rejection via immunosuppresive polymers, bioelectronic surgical sutures for the monitoring of deep wounds, and single-cell transcriptomics to reconstruct signalling networks surrounding implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates surgical sutures incorporating wirelessly operated pledgets for the monitoring of deep surgical sites.
See Kalidasan et al.
Image: Zhipeng Li, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_3.txt,allv2,5_3.txt,"Softening intravenous insertion
This issue highlights an intravenous needle that softens on insertion, a bilingual speech neuroprosthesis, spinal-cord stimulation for the restoration of sensory feedback in individuals with transtibial amputation, a thermoelectric device for the restoration of thermal perceptions in a phantom hand, nanowire arrays for restoring vision, implantable temperature sensors for monitoring intestinal inflammation, and the recapitulation of neuropathogenesis induced by SARS-CoV-2 in a lung–brain microphysiological system.
The cover illustrates an intravenous needle whose stiffness and shape depend on body temperature so that it can soften on insertion.
See Agno et al.
Image: Karen-Christian Agno, Eun Young Jeong and Jae-Woong Jeong (KAIST), and Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Wireless mechano-acoustic sensing of vital signs
This issue highlights technology for interfacing neurons and nerves, including a nanoelectrode array for recording from thousands of connected neurons, reconfigurable nanophotonic probes for sub-millisecond deep-brain optical stimulation, an intraneural electrode array for the selective activation of optic-nerve fibres, a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis implanted in non-human primates, and a small and ultrasonically powered implantable neural stimulator. The issue also highlights a device for the mechano-acoustic sensing of body motions, CAR-T-cell-functionalized nitinol thin films for the treatment of solid tumours and implantable functionalized carbon nanotube bundles as electrochemical sensors of disease biomarkers.
The cover illustrates a wireless device, designed to be conformally placed on the suprasternal notch, that provides continuous information of essential vital signs as well as talking time, swallow counts and sleep patterns.
See Lee, K. et al.
Image: K. Lee, H. Arafa and J. Rogers, Northwestern University. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_11.txt,sbert,4_11.txt,train
Nature Food,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_11.png,C,"Food-miles emissions
‘Food miles’ indicate the carbon footprint of food transport from points of production to consumption. Measured in tonne-kilometres (tkm), estimates can vary widely by employing different calculation methods and system boundaries. A global multi-region accounting framework estimates food miles and associated greenhouse gas emissions over the entire supply-chain network to account for 27% of total freight-mile emissions. Food miles were found to correspond to approximately 20% of food systems emissions when transport, production and land-use change are considered, and 30% when land-use change is excluded from the calculation. Domestic and international food-miles emissions are shown per country and region, economic sector and transportation mode; about 30 million direct trade connections are included in the analysis.
Agricultural and food trade has more than doubled since 1995, and has a key role in food security. However, large food-miles-related emissions are embedded in supply chains within and between affluent countries, and although high-income countries represent about 12.5% of the global population, their food trade represents 46% of global food-miles emissions.
See Li et al. and Pradhan
Image: Amarin Jitnathum / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"Food systems air pollution
Poor air quality is considered one of the greatest environmental mortality risk factors. While progress has been made on air pollution from the industry, transportation, solid waste management and household sectors, air quality has been largely absent from the discussion of food systems, and of human and planetary health. The development of tools for estimating air pollution from food systems have not kept pace with other sectors.
The European Commission’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) is now used to develop an inventory of NH3, NOx, N2O, SO2, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter emitted in the production (including land-use change), distribution, consumption and waste of food. Air pollution emissions from food systems have risen over the past 50 years, corresponding to more than half of total nitrogen emissions and more than a third of particulate matter globally. More than a fifth of deaths due to poor air quality are related to pollution from food systems.
See Crippa et al. and Balasubramanian and Babbar
Image: James Jordan Photography / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"Food loss and waste
Food that is lost or wasted along supply chains contributes to climate change, depletes natural resources, threatens economic stability and compromises progress towards food security. A global database identifies regional hotspots in low- and middle-income regions where food loss and waste (FLW) in agricultural production and post-harvest handling and storage contribute towards nutrient losses and environmental footprints. Between 2004 and 2014, FLW increased by a quarter, especially in regions confronted with food insecurity. Overconsumption in high-income regions drives FLW elsewhere via international trade. Policies and strategies aimed at reducing FLW must consider the complex interplay between food production, trade, consumption patterns, and their social and environmental impacts.
See Gatto et al.
Image: Paul Smith / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"Extreme climate events
Food security is commonly analysed on the basis of mean climate change estimates, however droughts and floods are expected to become more frequent and intense in the near future. Relative to median-level climate change, an additional 20–36% and 11–33% of the world population may face hunger by 2050 under high and low greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. In some affected regions such as South Asia, the amount of additional food requirement to offset such effect is triple the region’s current food storage.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image: JBN-ART / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design:Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.png,B,"Using AI to predict clinical outcomes, inspired by the Perspective on p132.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Towards diversity in AI oncology applications, inspired by the Perspective on p628.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,"Leveraging multispecific antibodies to treat patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p539.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.txt,sbert,21_6.txt,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,ave_2,21_2.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_8.png,C,"Phase engineering of 2D materials
A strategy of on-device phase engineering of two-dimensional materials is proposed, allowing the in situ realization of various lattice phases with distinct stoichiometries and versatile functions.
See Liu et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist, and Junjie Shan, Nanjing University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,"It is shown that an elastic film on a viscoelastic substrate under biaxial compressive stress forms a hierarchical network of folds generated by repetitive wrinkle-to-fold transitions. The morphology of the hierarchical patterns can be controlled by modifying the geometry and boundary conditions of the film.
Letter p952; News & Views p907
IMAGE: PILNAM KIM, MANOUK ABKARIAN AND HOWARD A. STONE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/10_1.txt,multiBv1,10_1.txt,"Strain-induced electrocaloric
Electrocaloric effects are large in a limited set of materials that display hysteretic first-order phase transitions. Here epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films are strain engineered to achieve anhysteretic second-order phase transitions, with electrocaloric effects enhanced by one order of magnitude over bulk.
See Zhang et al.
Image: BOTUHUI. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_8.txt,groundtruth,23_8.txt,"Manipulating strain states to modulate ionic conduction in micro energy devices has proved difficult. Effective net strain is now used to control oxygen ionic transport kinetics in ceria-based electrolyte membranes.
Article p721
IMAGE: YANUO SHI, KAMILA KAWECKA AND ALEXANDER HANSEN BORK
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/14_6.txt,sbert,14_6.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_3.png,D,"Intracellular delivery of an antibody-loaded polyion complex micelle. Delivered antibody recovers immunoaffinity in a pH-sensitive manner, recognizing the nuclear pore complex. Image courtesy of Kazunori Kataoka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2016_11.txt,multiBv1,2016_11.txt,"This special issue “Bioinspired Macromolecular Materials” serves to highlight the many ways in which biology inspires the creation of new functional materials. The broad themes covered in this issue are modification or creation of synthetic analogues of native biopolymeric materials; design of bioinspired macromolecules from functional polymers composed of amino acid building blocks; engineering of nanoscale materials toward recreating the structures and functions of natural materials; recreating the three-dimensional network architecture of native matrices, often through the creation of hydrogels; and efforts to recreate the encapsulating properties of biological compartments and membranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2021_12.txt,allv2,2021_12.txt,"The hierarchical evolution of the development of one-component multifunctional sequence-defined ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (IAJDs) co-assembling with mRNA into dendrimersome nanoparticles (DNPs) targeting in vivo delivery to various organs is illustrated. This process started with the discovery of the self-assembly of helical rodlike and spherical helices virus-like supramolecular assemblies self-organizing periodic and quasiperiodic arrays including Frank–Kasper and quasicrystals and biological membrane mimics, and continued with elucidation of mechanisms, to unravel a one-component viral-like programmed synthetic vector for nanomedicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,"Growth of HBV capsids from homodimers generates new contacts among charged headgroups in the dimer–dimer interface, yielding protein charge transfer spectra measurable in real-time. Photoinduced electron transfer is shown to occur from the HOMO of COO− in one glutamate (donor) to the LUMO of NH3+ in lysine or the polypeptide backbone (acceptor).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.png,C,"Nanoparticles act as warriors in combating pathogens from entering the brain or provide therapeutic approaches to the pathogen-infected CNS. Nanoparticles cover a wide range of Au, CeO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_8.txt,sbert,2020_8.txt,"A cyclic peptide that interacts with Aβ42 enhances the formation of high-molecular-weight Aβ42 aggregates, and in its presence, the interactions of Aβ42 with plasma and mitochondria membranes are weakened. This peptide thus exhibits an inhibitory effect against Aβ42-mediated mitochondrial membrane disruption and reduces Aβ42-mediated apoptosis and death in neuronal cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"A hippocampus being drawn: This cover art aims to represent the findings of our study on the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine on Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration, emphasizing cognitive improvements through the brain insulin pathway. The art was created in CorelDraw X8. The tridimensional c",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/21_1.png,D,"Off the beaten peptide path
Shown is the tropical greenhouse of the Matthaei Botanical Gardens. Plants from botanical collections at the University of Michigan have been used for the bioinformatic discovery of plant peptides with new side-chain macrocyclizations derived from a copper-dependent autocatalytic peptide cyclase called the BURP domain.
See Chigumba et al.
Image credit: Eric Bronson, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_12.txt,multiBv1,18_12.txt,"Navigating natural product potential
Two bioinformatic tools, BiG-SCAPE and CORASON, enable large-scale analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters and their families across hundreds of bacterial strains and in large datasets, predicting biosynthetic pathways from genomic data and facilitating the discovery of new natural products.
See Navarro-Muñoz et al
IMAGE: Michael W. Mullowney. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_12.txt,allv2,16_12.txt,"Stretched out
A small-molecule activator of Hippo–YAP signaling interacts with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to enable YAP-mediated epidermal keratinocyte expansion. The cover art is a watercolor image of the epidermal layer of the skin mimicking images observed from histological analysis.
SeeShalhout et al. and Moroishi
IMAGE: Kayla Nutsch. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_6.txt,sbert,17_6.txt,"A blueprint for saponin synthesis
Saponarioside B, a saponin triterpenoid glycoside, is a potential precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceutical adjuvants. Jo et al. have now reported its complete biosynthetic pathway. The cover image is a botanical illustration of a Saponaria plant taken from a book in the rare book collection at the John Innes Centre.
See Jo et al.
Image: John Innes Historical Collections, courtesy of the John Innes Foundation. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.png,C,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_4.png,B,"Resilient off-the-shelf T cells
Colored scanning electron micrograph of resting human T lymphocytes. Mo et al. present an alloimmune defense receptor that allows allogeneic T cells to resist rejection by the host immune system by deleting activated host T and NK cells.
See Mo et al.
Image: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_12.txt,sbert,39_12.txt,"Sensing m6A in cells
A representation of cellular mRNA modified by m6A, which is depicted as a gemstone. Marayati et al. develop GEMS, a genetically encoded m6A sensor that can report changes in m6A in living cells.
See Marayati et al.
Image: iStock.com/CROCOTHERY. Further modification by Kate Meyer (Duke University). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"Engineered macrophages as diagnostics
A depiction of a cell-based sensor for cancer. Aalipour et al. engineer macrophages to express reporter proteins traceable in the blood when they activate the arginase-1 promoter.
See Aalipour et al.
Image: Jim Strommer, Stanford University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_8.txt,ave_1,37_8.txt,"RNA dynamics live
A series of bright fluorescent RNAs enable imaging of RNA in live cells. This original image shows heterogeneity of protein translation in a cancer cell line, where mCherry protein (red) and its corresponding mRNA (green, labeled with Pepper530) are seen. Blue indicates Hoechst DNA staining.
See Chen et al.
Image: Ni Su. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_2.txt,allv2,37_2.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_6.png,C,"The limitations of using growth factors as therapeutics in regenerative medicine may
be bypassed by using small molecules to activate repair and regeneration pathways.
In pages 74–81 of this issue, Lo and colleagues discuss the use of small molecules
to promote the regeneration of bone, muscle, cartilage, tendon, and nerve tissue.
Cover image from iStockPhoto and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/32_12.txt,allv2,32_12.txt,"One of the major hurdles in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been
the establishment and maintenance of adequate vascularization to the tissues of interest.
In pages 442–448 of this issue, Matthias Laschke and Michael Menger discuss the possibility
of using microvascular fragments derived from adipose tissue as basic building blocks
for vasculature in the repair or engineering of tissues. Cover image(s) from iStockPhoto/Kativ
and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_5.txt,sbert,33_5.txt,"Miniaturized in vitro bone models, known as ""mini-bones,"" have emerged as
powerful tools for studying physiology, disease mechanisms, and regenerative processes
of
bone, and for designing new bone-related therapies. In pages 910–928 of this issue,
Fois
and colleagues discuss how the mini-bones require small amounts of cells and materials,
are compatible with high-throughput production and screening methods and high-content
imaging, and offer good bone mimicry. This image highlights the concept of mini-bones
that
are made from cellular and matrix-mimicking building blocks in a bottom-up manner.
Cover
image designed by Daniela Velasco Lozano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,"In vitro organ models are rapidly advancing toward recapitulating in vivo physiology with greater complexity and fidelity. In pages 744–760 of this issue,
Dutton and colleagues discuss new techniques used to generate human intestinal models,
including organoids, monolayer culture, and biofabricated 3D cultures. These models
help to better understand tissue development, drug efficacy and toxicity, and interactions
between the gut and its microbiome. Cover image from iStock/Altayb.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/37_6.txt,multiBv1,37_6.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_4.png,D,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"This cover art shows the process of spray quality evaluation described in the manuscript. There are three steps: first, CBS-X is added to the tank of the sprayer; second, the sprayer is applied in the field; and finally, we can evaluate the spray quality in three ways: (1) direct observation through an UV flashlight, (2) calculation of the coverage after photographing droplets on the leaves, and (3) measurement of the deposition after washing down the fluorescent agent. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,Agri-food-based applications of different essential-oil-based nanocarriers. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,"Non-covalent interactions between pesticides and carriers in pesticide controlled-release systems significantly impact the system's stability, stimulus responsiveness, loading capacity, and physicochemical properties of pesticides, such as hydrogen-bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and supramolecular host–guest interactions. Modifying multiple assembly sites on carriers or combining various carriers to construct a new type of pesticide controlled-release system with multiple non-covalent bond interactions can play a more significant role in the development of green agriculture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,val
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_10.png,C,"BioBits Health is an educational kit for teaching antibiotic resistance and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in classrooms, made possible by the development of user-friendly lab activities based on freeze-dried, cell-free reactions and supporting curricula. Artwork by Stark et al. ACS Synth. Biol. 2019, 85, 1001-1009. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2019_7.txt,multiBv1,2019_7.txt,"The cover depicts a flexible and versatile DNA assembly strategy. Combining the automation friendly ligase cycling reaction method and the high fidelity in vivo yeast-based DNA assembly method, DNA assembler, allows for rapid, modular and massive construction of biological pathways and circuits from basic genetic parts. Artwork by Yongbo Yuan based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00117.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_12.txt,sbert,2016_12.txt,"Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) can deliver medicines and biosensors on-demand, even in low-resource settings. Kocalar et al. prove that CFPS works in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station, paving the way for portable health tools and environmental monitors for space travelers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,– can we build a cell from scratch? The achievements in the two areas of cell-free systems and compartmentalization have brought acceleration into developing the fascinating field of building a life-like cell-mimic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2020_2.txt,allv2,2020_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.png,C,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,sbert,1_9.txt,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"High-resolution satellite sensors and artificial intelligence enable detailed tree monitoring at national and continental levels. The illustration depicts the results of the image processing of the data collected through tree mapping. See Brandt et al.
Image: Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,"Human body digital twins can be created through the analysis and modelling of real physiological data coming from on-body sensors and medical devices. The cover image illustrates the duality between the real world and the virtual representation. See Occhipinti et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.txt,multiBv1,1_10.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_2.png,C,"On the cover: Shown here are intestinal villi that have undergone atrophy following
injury. Specialized differentiated epithelial cells (red) transiently cover damaged
villi and provide barrier protection. To learn more about how adaptive differentiation
can repair damaged villi, see Ohara et al. on page 166–179.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_23.txt,allv2,57_23.txt,"On the cover: This abstract image represents the response of skin to DNA damage: the
white area on the right is a hair follicle, the red represents activated hyper-proliferating
epidermal cells, the black is DNA crosslinking in response to cisplatin treatment,
and the spiky lines below represent activated fibroblasts releasing IL-1β. To learn
more about the effect of DNA damage on wild-type epithelial tissue, see Seldin and
Macara, pp. 558–573 (painting by I.G. Macara).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/55_2.txt,ave_3,55_2.txt,"On the cover: Even if tissue-specific multipotent stem cells are damaged and depleted,
the organism possesses the ability to regenerate multipotent stem cells. The cover
image illustrates the recovery process of intestinal stem cells damaged by irradiation
exposure. The image shows in situ hybridization of the small intestine (blue) prepared by a Swiss rolling technique
after irradiation, with stem cells marked by Olfm4 staining, in red. The merged image
with a stopwatch depicts the temporal recovery of intestinal stem cells over time.
To learn more about murine intestinal regeneration following tissue injury, see Ahn et al. Image credit: Sunghwan Bae.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_2.txt,groundtruth,59_2.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescent image of an adult mouse urothelium shows that after
injury (e.g., urinary tract infection), intermediate cells (marked by mCherry, in
red) proliferate (EdU, in pink) to regenerate the superficial layer of the urothelium.
In contrast, basal cells marked by Keratin-5 (in green) do not contribute to regeneration.
For more about the identity of progenitors in both embryonic and regenerating urothelia,
see Gandhi et al., pp. 469–482.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/26_2.txt,sbert,26_2.txt,train
Science,387_6730,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6730.png,B,"COVER Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) ford the Green River in Wyoming, United States, on a 160-km migration in search of high-quality food. To navigate successfully, ungulates (hooved mammals) must learn when and where to migrate, and reintroduced populations of bighorn sheep and moose demonstrate that this knowledge is passed across generations. Conservation of migration corridors helps these animals maintain this cultural knowledge and sustain abundant populations. See pages 972 and 1023.
 Photo: © Joe Riis",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/361_6406.txt,multiBv1,361_6406.txt,"COVERAn eastern gray kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) grazes in Yuraygir National Park, New South Wales, Australia. It has long been thought that short-faced kangaroos became extinct in the late Pleistocene because they were specialist browsers, in contrast to long-faced grazing kangaroos, which still thrive today. However, dental microwear patterns show that most Pleistocene kangaroos actually had broad diets—an adaptation to climate-driven fluctuations in vegetation. See page 167.
Photo: Yva Momatiuk and John Eastcott/Minden",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6730.txt,groundtruth,387_6730.txt,"COVER The golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) depicted here are one of the hundreds of primate types found all over the world. An international team of researchers analyzed the genomes of nonhuman primates from more than 230 different species and demonstrated how these data can help us learn about both nonhuman primate biology and our own health. See the special section beginning on page 904.
Photo: Guanli Ouyang",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/380_6648.txt,sbert,380_6648.txt,"COVER Mammals come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, here represented by some of the least well known and most unusual—clockwise from top left: a fossa, a Hoffmann’s two-toed sloth, a lesser hedgehog tenrec, two tree (or white-bellied) pangolins, and an aye-aye. The Zoonomia project’s sequencing of more than 240 mammal genomes is paving new roads for understanding mammalian diversity and evolution and ourselves. See special section beginning on page 356.
Credit: ©Joel Sartore/Photo Ark",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/380_6643.txt,allv2,380_6643.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.png,B,"The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_8.txt,ave_3,2023_8.txt,"Here a dual-network hydrogel flexible sensor produced from polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin offers exceptional ductility, self-adhesion, anti-bacteria, and high sensitivity for strain detection. The potential of this flexible sensor to detect body movements with transmitting underwater Morse code signals indicates a significant advancement for various monitoring applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,multiBv1,2025_2.txt,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,allv2,2024_21.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.png,B,Illustration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The present issue features an Editorial by Editor-in-Chief Courtney C. Aldrich and Guest Editor Félix Calderón introducing an upcoming Special Issue focusing on drug development efforts for infectious diseases concerning the developing world.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_8.txt,sbert,2017_8.txt,"This front cover depicts original artwork created by Tatiana Román Valenzuela and is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program. The piece illustrates the contributions of Alice Ball, an African American chemist who developed one of the first effective treatments for Hansen’s disease, or more widely known as leprosy. Read more about what inspired Tatiana to create this artwork in the accompanying Editorial.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Host-pathogen interactions involve biomolecular interactions that are deleterious to the host. The cover is an artistic rendition of a chemist taking aim at a pathogen-host interaction with a chemical probe (the arrow) (artwork by Ella Marushchenko with design contributions from Miroslava Strmiskova).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_2.txt,allv2,2016_2.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,ave_3,2020_11.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.png,B,"Laser writing pattern, the corresponding stress pattern in polarized light, and the resulting 3D shape.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"The cover art demonstrates the helix-forming thin films, which have the ability to emit strong circularly polarized luminescence (indicating iCPL behavior) and to absorb specific circularly polarized light (also indicating iCPL behavior).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Liquid crystalline polymer networks fabricated by directed self-assembly can be pixelated. The cover illustration blends an Ansel Adams photograph (freely available from the National Archives) with a polarized image of a polymeric film prepared by photoalignment of the liquid crystalline materials. Image courtesy of Timothy J. White.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2017_9.txt,multiBv1,2017_9.txt,"Photopatternable interfaces can be used to form parallel and perpendicular block copolymer features in regions of interest. In these images, the surface energy of the grafted surface treatment has been modified using UV or electron beam lithography in combination with a photoacid generator. Image courtesy of Austin P. Lane, Michael J. Maher, C. Grant Willson, and Christopher J. Ellison.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2016_9.txt,sbert,2016_9.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_10.png,A,"On the cover: Immunofluorescent labeling of nerves marked by tyrosine hydroxylase (blue) wrapping
around an adipocyte (orange, autofluorescence) of a diet-induced obese mouse following
adipocyte-specific Rec2-AAV-mediated overexpression of nerve growth factor (NGF),
which increased the presence of these neuro-adipose nexus (NAN) structures, as captured
on a Leica Stellaris confocal by Jake W. Willows, in collaboration with Blaszkiewicz and Townsend.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: Bradbury et al. aimed to achieve astrocytic targeting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for
the treatment of vanishing white matter disease. The image displays a sagittal brain
section from a wild-type mouse after intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV9-GFAP-eGFP.
Neurons (NeuN; red), astrocytes (GFAP; magenta), and the reporter protein (eGFP; green)
are immunofluorescently labeled, demonstrating widespread distribution and astrocytic
targeting through colocalization of eGFP with GFAP (white). Image credit: Sergiy Chornyy,
PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_7.txt,sbert,32_7.txt,"On the cover: Immunostaining for the expression of NDNF (red) in NeuN+ neurons (green) in the spinal
cord of 2-month-old adult mice. DAPI (blue) was used to label the cell nucleus. Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease resulting from selective
and progressive deterioration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and
spinal cord. Luo and colleagues demonstrate a therapeutic effect of AAV-mediated expression of the less-studied neurotrophic
factor NDNF on disease progression of ALS model mice. It holds promise as a potential
disease-modifying strategy for ALS treatment. Image credit: Wei Cheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_2.txt,allv2,31_2.txt,"On the Cover: Mouse hippocampal CA1 region transduced with an AAV9 vector expressing the green
fluorescent protein EGFP (green) and an anti-NKCC1 artificial microRNA under the control
of the neuro-specific synapsin promoter. GFAP-positive astrocytes are stained in magenta,
while IBA1-positive microglia cells are stained in cyan. See Parrini et al. (3072–3092).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,train
Nature Cities,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/2_1.png,D,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Navigating the waters
Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones.
See Lu
Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,"Not just blowing in the wind
Plants find interesting places in cities, with some planted and some establishing on their own. A study by Kun Song and colleagues considers seed-dispersal modes of this latter group in cities in Yunnan Province, China, and finds that dispersal by self-propulsion and dispersal by animals are more common than by wind, and all are much more common than by water.
See Song et al.
Image: Zhiwen Gao, East China Normal University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,train
Joule,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_7.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Ge et al. show that the insulating quartz networks embedded into the natural chalcocite can
block the long-range migration of Cu ions and construct a voltage divider circuit
for realizing excellent electrical stability and thermoelectric performance in the
natural mixed mineral. The cover art shows the natural mineral that can directly convert
temperature gradient to the electricity; the highlighted network structures in the
minerals are the keys to realizing the excellent thermoelectric performance. Image
credit: Dr. Prof. Zhen-Hua Ge.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_12.txt,ave_2,8_12.txt,"On the Cover: The dynamic response of perovskites currently represents a major challenge
toward their commercialization for energy-harvesting applications. The image illustrates
how machine learning can be implemented to accelerate materials' development toward
stable devices. Using artificial neural networks, material-dependent rest phases that lead to device performance recovery can be identified. Cover art by M.S. Leite and E. Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_11.txt,multiBv1,3_11.txt,"On the cover: This cover illustrates a pivotal application of thermoelectric (TE)
materials: waste heat recovery. High-entropy TE materials convert a substantial amount
of heat that is lost during industrial production processes into electricity. Among
various optimization strategies, the integration of high-entropy alloys with TE materials
is opening new avenues for the advancement of TE technologies. In this issue, Tang et al. provide a comprehensive overview of high-entropy TE materials, encompassing the mechanisms
underlying their high TE performance, the latest research advances, and future prospects.
Cover credit: Qiqi Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"On the Cover: In a thermoelectric material, heat flow will drive electronic charge
carriers along the same direction, enabling a direct conversion of thermal energy
to electricity. In order for this to work efficiently, these materials must be thermal
insulators to minimize heat loss. In this issue of Joule, Lin et al. (pp. 816–830) show that the cutoff frequency of acoustic phonons, a material
parameter that takes into account both the effect of crystal structural complexity
and soft chemical bonds, can be used to screen for promising thermal insulators. This
guiding principle leads to the discovery of Ag9GaSe6 as a high-performance thermoelectric material.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_3.png,C,"Epigenetics
AP-1 bookmarks senescence enhancers
See Martínez-Zamudio et al. and News & Views by Alimonti.
Image: Image courtesy of Pierre-Francois ROUX and Martin KRZYWINSKI (Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center). Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_6.txt,ave_3,22_6.txt,"Organelles
Isolating intact mitochondria from specific cells shows that the Caenorhabditis elegans germline propagates deleterious mitochondrial genomes.
See Ahier et al.
Image: Nick Valmas and Steven Zuryn, University of Queensland. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,"Heritable amyloids
Protein amyloid structures are stably inherited across generations and transmit epigenetic memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of MSTR, a regulator of the amyloid-like structures, results in a transgenerational feminization phenotype.
See Eroglu et al.
Image: Matthew Eroglu, SickKids Hospital & University of Toronto. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_3.txt,groundtruth,26_3.txt,"Organelles
Transgenerational memory of mitochondrial stress
See Zhang et al. and News & Views by Wang
Image: Image courtesy of Yongqing Guo (image capture) and Qian Zhang (art work), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_5.txt,ave_2,23_5.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_12.png,B,"Complex regulation of maternal inheritance
Plastids follow maternal inheritance. The genetic and environmental factors that regulate this maternal inheritance are now discovered by genetic screens in tobacco, advancing our knowledge of this fundamental subject and having important applications in breeding.
See Chung et al.
Image: Kin Pan Chung. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_12.txt,multiBv1,9_12.txt,"Passing on protection
Developing embryos are supplied with maternally produced compounds, including glucosinolate defence compounds. To cross the four intervening cellular barriers requires plasma membrane-located exporters (such as UMAMIT29, labelled in green) and importers in maternal and embryonic tissues.
See Sanden et al.
Image: Niels Christian Holm Sanden, University of Copenhagen. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_12.txt,groundtruth,10_12.txt,"Inequalities of parental responsibility
Maternal and paternal genomes contribute equally to the transcriptome of embryos during the early stages of their development. However, as the developing plant differentiates, the contributions from the parental alleles begin to vary with cell type.
See Zhao, P. et al.
Image: P. Zhao, X. Zhou, Y. Zheng, Y. Ren and M-X. Sun. Cover design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_2.txt,sbert,6_2.txt,"Cutting down on phospholipids
iDePP is a synthetic system designed to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a low-abundance lipid involved in development, immunity and reproduction. Formed by fusion of the phosphatase domain of a Drosophila enzyme and a fluorescent protein, it is artificially targeted to the plasma membrane.
See Doumane, M. et al.
Image: Marie-Cécile Caillaud, ENS Lyon. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_8.txt,allv2,7_8.txt,val
Nature Plants,10_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_11.png,D,"REDD+ attempts to save the green
At the COP26 climate summit the world’s leaders pledged to end deforestation by 2030 to limit global warming. Achieving that aim is harder than proposing it, but the REDD+ scheme is striving to provide the solution.
See Pauly, M. & Tosteson, J.
Image: Filip Agoo, Everland LLC. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_6.txt,ave_1,8_6.txt,"Surveying the future of mangroves
Mangroves form important but fragile coastline ecosystems in many tropical and warm temperate areas. Research programs must be shaped by their contribution to ecosystem services, their responses to extreme climatic events and their social-ecological significance.
See Dahdouh-Guebas et al.
Image: Janos Leo G. Andanar. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_3.txt,multiBv1,8_3.txt,"From the ashes of ancient disaster
Fossil flowers preserved in amber show that members of the genus Phylica have been blooming for over 99 million years. Closely related flowers of Eophylica priscastellata exhibit fire-adaption traits identical to those of modern taxa in fire-prone ecosystems.
See Chao Shi et al.
Image: Shuo Wang. Cover Design: E. Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_12.txt,allv2,8_12.txt,"Tending to fire
Fire has been an ecological driving force on Earth as long as there have been plants to burn. But human activity has altered fire regimes in unprecedented ways, with profound global consequences for carbon storage, ecosystem services and biodiversity.
See Editorial
Image: imageBROKER.com GmbH & Co. KG/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_11.txt,groundtruth,10_11.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.png,B,Our findings highlight the importance of an oxo bridged diiron core and an appended thiazolinium group in proton shuttling to the catalytic active center during the hydrogen evolution reaction. Our study aims to shed light on the pivotal role of the redox active ligand coupled with proton shuttle toward designing an efficient molecular catalyst. The cover art was designed by Bharath M using Microsoft PowerPoint.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_18.txt,ave_3,2024_18.txt,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover image illustrates that the incorporation of Fe ions (orange) into CuO-based materials (blue) holds great promise for enhancing oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) performance. Especially, this study using different methods and strategies reveals that Fe ions anchored to the CuO surface significantly enhance OER performance. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of Fe in CuO structures for advancing electrocatalysis efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,A new catalyst composed of CuO nanoparticles embedded in Zn-MOF with the H3L ligand,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2024_42.txt,ave_2,2024_42.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_16.png,D,"GPR40 is a free fatty acid receptor that is highly expressed in pancreatic islets (depicted, background). Scientists at Eli Lilly & Co. identified novel GPR40 agonists that in the presence of hyperglycemia stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic islets, leading to reduced glucose levels (sequence of events shown). A clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrated that LY2922470 (depicted, top left) is a glucose-lowering agent devoid of hypoglycemia. (Hamdouchi, C.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00892)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2016_1.txt,multiBv1,2016_1.txt,"Glucose transporter-targeted glucose-R-lycosin-I conjugate demonstrates enhanced tumor targeting and cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, which provides a promising strategy for developing anticancer drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_8.txt,ave_2,2019_8.txt,"Glucose transporter-targeted glucose-R-lycosin-I conjugate demonstrates enhanced tumor targeting and cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, which provides a promising strategy for developing anticancer drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_7.txt,allv2,2019_7.txt,"Semaglutide is a highly effective drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity. A hydrophobic fatty acid side chain in semaglutide makes the peptide sparingly soluble and its handling, multi-step synthesis, and purification difficult. Here, we replaced the fatty acid with an oligosaccharide, and the resulting glycosylated analogue is soluble, high-yielding, and biologically active. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.png,C,"Zinc (Zn) desorption is an important process to determine Zn bioavailability in sandy loam soil for sustainable nutrient delivery technology by nutrient carriers. Apart from being renewable and biodegradable, wood and its derivative materials have high potential with numerous advantages, including porous and hierarchical architecture, mechanical features, and adsorption–desorption properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_1.txt,ave_3,2022_1.txt,"This cover art shows the process of spray quality evaluation described in the manuscript. There are three steps: first, CBS-X is added to the tank of the sprayer; second, the sprayer is applied in the field; and finally, we can evaluate the spray quality in three ways: (1) direct observation through an UV flashlight, (2) calculation of the coverage after photographing droplets on the leaves, and (3) measurement of the deposition after washing down the fluorescent agent. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,"This cover art suggests whether Surat city's soil is dominated by microplastics? The diamond symbol represents Surat's identity as the ""Diamond City"", while the thread symbolizes its thriving textile industry in Gujarat, India. The representation of garbage and plastic waste dumping reflects the daily disposal of such waste from both industrial and household sources. The lower portion of the artwork illustrates the pollution of soil by single-use plastic products within the city. The presence of the sun signifies the breakdown of large plastics into smaller microplastics, driven by UV degradation and other environmental factors. This transformation is further depicted through a magnifying lens, showcasing various shapes, such as fragments, fibers, films, and spheres, highlighting the biological and physical degradation of plastics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Multiyear field experiments with a variety of crops in Western Saudi Arabia reveal that superhydrophobic sand (SHS) mulch reduces evaporative water loss from the topsoil and boosts plant health and yield. Photo credit: Adair Gallo Jr. Color enhancement: Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_5.txt,allv2,2022_5.txt,train
Immunity,57_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_2.png,A,"On the cover: Innate immune memory is a phenomenon whereby past inflammatory responses
lead to establishment of epigenetic memory that affects secondary immune responses.
In this issue, Lercher et al. demonstrate that past SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) infection facilitates antiviral innate immune
memory in alveolar macrophages (AMs), which is necessary and sufficient to ameliorate
disease caused by the unrelated respiratory virus influenza A virus (IAV). This is
illustrated by initial infection with SARS2 (top left; teal virus), leading to epigenetic
remodeling of naive AMs (purple) and formation of memory AMs (teal) that are better
equipped to limit disease caused by secondary IAV (bottom right; pink virus). Image
credit: Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_2.txt,groundtruth,57_2.txt,"On the cover: Future epidemics and pandemics are likely, but we do not know what pathogen
will cause the next outbreak. Our best defense against this “unknown” is to better
understand the immune response to infection and vaccination. In this issue of Immunity, we present three reviews and one perspective that highlight mechanisms of tissue-specific
immunity and how this information can be leveraged to help fight emerging threats.
Thomas and colleagues focus on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory
track during infection and vaccination, while Mucida and colleagues discuss natural
and vaccine-acquired immunity to enteric viruses, highlighting specialized features
of the intestinal immune system. McGavern and Ampie review the anatomy and development
of central nervous system barriers as well as their immunological composition during
steady state and in response to infections. Finally, Saphire and Sette provide a perspective
on immunological approaches to mitigate the impact of the next emerging virus pandemic
by inducing broad-based immunity against viruses with pandemic potential. Image credit:
Corona Borealis Studio/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/55_8.txt,allv2,55_8.txt,"On the cover: Upon activation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cognate antigen,
T helper (Th) cells differentiate into distinct cell lineages that direct the type
of the ensuing immune response. It is debated whether Th cell fate decisions are unidirectional
or whether they can be partially or fully reversed. Hegazy et al. (pages 116–128)
show that a combination of virus-triggered inflammatory cytokine signals and viral
antigen-specific T cell receptor stimulation reprogrammed Th2 cells into a “Th2+1”
cell subset that coexpressed Th2 and Th1 cell-specific key transcription factors and
cytokines, thereby achieving viral control. Both the inflammatory environment induced
by virus infection and antigen presentation are abstractly depicted by the clown wearing
an APC costume and a virus-decorated hat. The intermediate differentiation phenotype
was stably maintained in vivo for months. Thus, reprogramming of Th2 cells resulted
in an extension, but not extinction, of the original differentiation memory. Preview
by Zhu and Paul. Image by EMDE GRAFIK, based on Max Löhning's illustration concept.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/32_6.txt,multiBv1,32_6.txt,"On the cover: The innate immune system is equipped with capabilities to sense nucleic
acids that are intrinsic to the immune cells themselves or are derived from pathogens
and/or symbionts that share the same physiological niche. This sensor system can recognize
both ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid and in so doing can either protect
the host from pathogenic challenge or protect the host from sterile (nonpathogenic)
damage to the host's own genetic code. In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that synthesize the literature on various dimensions
of this biological axis. Gack and colleagues (26–42) focus on clarifying recent advances
in our understanding of the sensors that specifically recognize ribonucleic acid,
while Chen and colleagues (43–53) focus on recent advances in our understanding of
the structure and mechanism by which the principle deoxyribonucleic acid sensor operates.
Accompanying these two reviews is a contribution from Hartmann and colleagues (54–77),
who bring us up to date on recent insights into how a cell can recognize the genetic
code from a foreign source while ignoring the genetic code of itself. Finally, McWhirter
and colleagues (78–97) review recent literature on efforts to develop agonists and
antagonists of nucleic acid receptors to boost or buffer responses to tumors or self-tissue,
respectively. The image on the cover represents cells exposed to virus particles whose
genetic code will be introduced into a eukaryotic cell and will require a nucleic
acid sensor response to limit infection. Image courtesy of iStock by Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/53_6.txt,sbert,53_6.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_6.png,C,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,sbert,21_6.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,allv2,31_6.txt,"On the cover: This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press
publishes across its titles. This month’s covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell, and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic research that you will find across the three journals and the connections
between them. Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from
review articles covering human cardiac metabolism (Bornstein et al.) and metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis (Horn and Tacke) to clinical studies on using thermal face imaging to predict aging and disease (Yu, Zhou, Mao et al.). Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_6.txt,groundtruth,36_6.txt,"On the cover: Special Issue on Diversity. Advances in metabolic research happen through
the collective efforts of many: from early-career scientists who bring new light to
their fields, to advanced researchers who orchestrate complex collaborations; from
long-established institutes in Europe, to new ventures in Asia growing at a breathtaking
pace. In this special issue, Cell Metabolism celebrates diversity starting with an Editorial on the journal's renewed and conscious
efforts to represent and empower all members of the community. In addition, Cell Metabolism's newest advisory board members share their perspectives and we hear the unique scientific
journeys of first authors in two Voices series. Finally, we present a collection of
Research Articles led by female researchers from around the globe. The cover represents
the dynamic world of metabolism that is strengthened by the diversity of its parts.
Cover art by Zishan Liu; image credit: iStock/liuzishan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_1.txt,multiBv1,31_1.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_3.png,A,"Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) is an emerging concept that
explains how membraneless cellular compartments and macromolecules organize
themselves while maintaining mobility. On pages 888–900 in this issue, Choi et al.
review presynaptic proteins that undergo LLPS and explore its potential contribution
to presynaptic compartmentalization and function. They also highlight the limitations
in this field and suggest future directions for understanding the role of LLPS in
presynapses and neurodegenerative diseases. Cover image by Jiyoung Choi and
Daehun Park.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_3.txt,groundtruth,49_3.txt,"Most known pore-forming proteins function by inserting a ring of oligomerized subunits
into the membrane, creating an entirely protein-based channel. However, on pages 510–516,
Robert Gilbert and colleagues discuss the emerging evidence that some pore-forming
proteins instead create a pore that is lined with both proteins and lipids. These
are called ‘toroidal’ pores because they create a continuous lip of phospholipids,
shaped like the inner curve of a donut, allowing phospholipids to exchange between
leaflets. In this review, Gilbert et al. discuss the proteins that have been shown to form toroidal pores, and present different
models of the potential arrangement of proteins within these pores. Much remains to
be elucidated about toroidal pores, including the specific roles they play in cell
permeabilization. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.com/MmeEmil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/39_2.txt,sbert,39_2.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences on pages 39–51, Olarte
et al. describe two pathways, the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, for directing protein
to the surface of lipid droplets (LDs). The cover is an artistic depiction of lipid
droplets
budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a membrane network where lipids are
synthesized, into the cytoplasm. The budding lipid droplets are filled with neutral
lipids, such as triacylglycerols, and bounded by a phospholipid monolayer. During
LD
formation, specific proteins containing amphipathic helices or hydrophobic, membraneembedded
motifs use the CYTOLD and ERTOLD pathways, respectively, to localize
and accumulate on the LD surface. Cover image designed by Maria-Jesus Olarte and
created by scientific illustrator Allison Bruce (www.akbruce.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/47_14.txt,allv2,47_14.txt,"Along with vesicular traffic between organelles, there are non-vesicular routes for
transfer of lipids across the cytoplasm. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) have been
suggested to ferry lipid between membranes, however most evidence for their function
has been shown in vitro, and therefore their in vivo function has remained controversial. On pages 516–530 in this issue, Wong et al. discuss some of the recent advances that test how LTPs work, and attempt to reconcile
in vitro and emerging in vivo data. Cover image from iStock/nightman1965.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/42_7.txt,multiBv1,42_7.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_6.png,D,"Daboia russelii, common name Russell's viper snake, accounts for a significant number of snake bites in South Asian countries. The venom from these bites also lead to complex clinico-pathological manifestations in the victims. In a new study published in Journal of Proteome Research, researchers utilized tandem mass spectrometry to study the complex venom proteome of this snake to better understand the pharmacological properties and clinical manifestations of the venom as well as determining methods to improve the anti-venom treatments. Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2017_12.txt,multiBv1,2017_12.txt,"Salmonellosis is often caused by the contamination of food with the pathogenic Salmonella enterica. The 2.96 angstrom-resolution structure of a transcriptional regulator from which regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in virulence in this pathogen is depicted in front of a an artistic rendering of bacteria. The protein (PDB Protein ID: 3q5f) was resolved by Dolan, K. T.; Duguid, E. M.; He, C. J. Biol. Chem. 2011, 286, 22178–22185 Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2011_4.txt,sbert,2011_4.txt,Picking up contaminant proteins from the proteome ocean. New protein contaminant FASTA and spectral libraries were established and were proven to benefit both DDA and DIA proteomics. New contaminant protein libraries are freely available and should be included in all bottom-up proteomics data analysis pipelines. Cover art designed by the Ling Hao research group and completed by the Robert Gates Graphics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,"A California sea lion swimming in the surf at Pacifica, California. Domoic acid toxicosis is a major affliction for sea lions in California. Photo credit: Pádraig Duignan.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_6.png,B,"The apple is one of the most famous cultural symbols, from the Bible to iPhones. It
is also one of the most important fruit crops in the world. The origin of the apple
as we know it today, however, is not entirely clear, and the genetic makeup of the
apples we eat is only just now beginning to be understood. On pages 57–65 of this
issue of Trends in Genetics, Amandine Cornille and colleagues discuss genomic data
that has illuminated the domestication of the apple and discuss the genetic history
of this common fruit. Cover image from iStock/Sieboldianus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/30_11.txt,allv2,30_11.txt,"Wild grape (Vitis) species (e.g., Vitis berlandieri, photo) thrive in diverse climates and soils across the Northern Hemisphere. Wild
Vitis spp. have proven crucial
for their resilience to environmental and biological challenges faced by grape production
worldwide. Incorporating adaptive traits from Vitis spp. will be essential for viticulture's
future survival and adaptability. Cantu et al. describe how phased diploid genomes and
graph-based pangenomes of wild Vitis spp. have led to breakthroughs in understanding
grape evolution and the genetic bases of adaptive traits. Photo by Dario Cantù.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_6.txt,groundtruth,40_6.txt,"With distinct surface and cave ecotypes, the fish Astyanax mexicanus is a powerful model to study the genetic basis of adaptation to new environments.
In this issue, Nicolas Rohner and colleagues summarize recent advances in A. mexicanus genetics and discuss how this model is yielding broader insights into the genetic
basis of adaptation and evolution. Image credit: Jennifer Idol/Stocktrek Images (Getty
Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_12.txt,multiBv1,40_12.txt,"Computational developments in evolutionary genomics have enabled researchers to scan
the genome for loci of recent positive selection. While these developments allow for
a better understanding of human evolutionary history, they also have the potential
to uncover racially inscribed adaptations that can provoke controversy. On pages 137–145
of this edition, Vitti et al. discuss the ethical issues surrounding the use of genomic
technology to further natural selection research in humans. The cover depicts a human
phylogeny, zoomed in at the point of divergence into continental subpopulations (European,
Asian, African), and highlights several known genetic adaptations in orange, and one
unknown adaptation in orange. Image by Sigrid Knemeyer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/28_10.txt,sbert,28_10.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_5.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p549
Cover Design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_4.txt,allv2,19_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p342
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_7.txt,ave_2,23_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p534
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,"COVER: inspired by the Reviews on p533 and p547.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_4.txt,sbert,23_4.txt,test
Nature Catalysis,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_8.png,B,"Light oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents.
See Ko et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,"Bias-free ammonia
In their work, Ji-Wook Jang and colleagues couple an efficient lead halide perovskite photocathode for nitrate reduction to a glycerol oxidation anode for bias-free ammonia production with a photocurrent density greater than 20 mA cm–2.
See Tayyebi et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic / Younghee Lee. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"Thin photo-factories
In their work, Wenbin Lin and colleagues introduce a family of tunable artificial enzymes equipping metal–organic framework monolayers with an amino acid-coordinated metal centre and photoactive cofactors. Different analogues of such photoactive catalysts can thus be integrated into an efficient artificial photosynthesis system.
See Lan et al.
Image credit: Wenbin Lin. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_2.txt,sbert,5_2.txt,"A cloth to unveil ammonia
Conventional gas diffusion electrodes improve transport of gaseous species, but they suffer from electrolyte penetration and flooding when used with non-aqueous solvents. Here, Manthiram and co-workers report a gas diffusion electrode architecture that is compatible with non-aqueous solvents to utilise sparingly soluble gases in electrochemical reactions. These electrodes are used to simultaneously reduce nitrogen and oxidise water-splitting-derived hydrogen to produce ammonia at ambient conditions.
See Lazouski et al.
Image: Nikifar Lazouski, MIT. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_8.txt,multiBv1,3_8.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_6.png,C,"Machine learning with nonlinear optical neural networks
Photonic computing offers many advantages over traditional digital computing, such as high parallelism and low energy consumption, yet current development has been mostly limited to linear operations. In this issue, Hao Wang et al. introduce a large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system based on disordered polycrystalline materials. The system generates both linear and nonlinear optical speckle features, forming a complex neural network that can be used for computing tasks. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear system provides advantages over linear optical systems for various machine learning tasks, including image classification, regression, and graph classification. The cover image depicts the neural network formed by light scattering through a disordered medium.
See Hao Wang et al. and Tianyu Wang
Image: Hao Wang, Ecole Normale Supérieure and Tsinghua University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_7.txt,ave_3,4_7.txt,"Advancing materials discovery for high-temperature applications
In this issue, Matthew D. Witman and colleagues use a graph neural network approach to automate the prediction of defect formation enthalpies in any crystallographic site from an ideal crystal structure. The method has the potential to aid in future materials discovery problems, particularly for materials with clean energy and high-temperature applications, such as the golden crystal structure depicted on the cover, which has a light source in the back representing a high-temperature environment.
See Matthew D. Witman et al.
Image: Oleksiy Maksymenko / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_5.txt,ave_2,3_5.txt,"Flexible graph neural networks for materials prediction
Recently, machine learning-based methods, including graph neural networks (GNNs), have been widely used to establish structure–property relationships, which are crucial guidelines for materials design. However, generalizing such models requires addressing critical technical challenges, such as handling material-dependent output dimensions. In this issue, Ryotaro Okabe et al. propose virtual node models to further generalize GNNs, enabling the prediction of material properties with variable output dimensions. The work introduces three virtual node approaches that can be applied to predicting different phonon spectra with higher computational efficiency when compared to state-of-the-art methods. The cover image depicts vibrations of atoms or phonons, which is the property that the virtual node GNN has been applied to predict.
See Ryotaro Okabe et al. and accompanying Research Briefing
Image: Yugora / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"Predicting properties of materials using graph networks
While predicting the properties of materials is an important goal in materials science, the scarcity of high-fidelity models has made this goal challenging. Chi Chen et al. propose a graph network model that can accurately predict high-fidelity properties of ordered and disordered materials by using data with varying fidelities. The current issue also features additional content in computational materials science, including the work by Rahul Singh et al., which implements an optimization algorithm to efficiently model high-entropy alloys, and a Comment by Matthew Horton et al. on the current challenges and opportunities in the development of computational materials databases.
See Chen et al., Singh et al. and Horton et al.
Image: oxygen/Moment/Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_11.png,B,"A focus on oropharyngeal cancer, inspired by the Review on p306.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_8.txt,ave_2,19_8.txt,"Risk factors for lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked, inspired by the Review on p121.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,allv2,18_3.txt,"Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, inspired by the Review on p792.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_1.txt,ave_3,18_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.png,B,"The expanding repertoire of bile acids, inspired by the Perspective on p493
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_3,21_6.txt,"Pride in gastroenterology and hepatology, inspired by the Review on p377.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,"Pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.txt,ave_2,21_12.txt,"Gastroenterology and the environment, inspired by the Editorial on p339, the Perspective on p399 and the Comment on p340.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_7.txt,allv2,20_7.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_10.png,B,"From gene variants to disease mechanisms
A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight disrupts the cortical actin cytoskeleton in subcutaneous adipocytes, which results in decreased adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The image depicts differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and cortical F-actin (yellow).
See Glunk et al.
Image: Phil Kubitz, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_8.txt,multiBv1,5_8.txt,"Bone-to-brain crosstalk
Bone-derived sclerostin accelerates the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by deregulating the Wnt–β-catenin signalling pathway in the brain. The image is a staining of the enzyme β-secretase (essential for AD pathogenesis) in a hippocampus section from a mouse model of AD.
See Shi et al.
Image: Baosheng Guo, Nanjing University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"Time to exercise
Exposing mice to physical activity during their early active phase favours bone growth. The image depicts a rodent on a running wheel, which also alludes to the importance of the timing of exercise in achieving metabolic improvements.
See Yu, Tang et al.
Image: Will & Deni McIntyre/Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_7.txt,allv2,6_7.txt,"APP clogs adipocyte mitochondria
An et al. show that mis-localization of amyloid precursor protein (APP; red) into adipocyte mitochondria (green; orange indicates colocalization) promotes obesity by impairing mitochondrial protein import and mitochondrial function.
See Y. A. An et al.
Image: Yu An, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.png,D,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,ave_3,2_11.txt,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_3.png,D,The atomic-level structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for polysulfides conversion is rarely investigated in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. This work proposes a novel exfoliation-evaporation strategy to fabricate Co SACs with different N coordination numbers and elaborately investigates the relationship between N coordination number and polysulfides redox kinetics. The image illustrates the excellent catalytic activities of Co SACs with a low coordination number for both oxidation and reduction processes of sulfur species.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_12.txt,sbert,2022_12.txt,"Exploring a new synthetic route for mixed-anion compounds is important from the standpoint of performance improvement of a specific function. Here we report a microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach to synthesize well-defined octahedral-shaped Pb2Ti2O5.4F1.2 particles at mild conditions, which showed improved activity for visible-light H2 evolution.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_4.txt,multiBv1,2023_4.txt,"The image presents the C-N coupling process via the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and N2, NOx, or NH3 on heterogeneous dual-active site catalysts (DACs). The perspective in this issue by Hu et. al. summarizes the recent progress and the potential of the emerging DACs in producing high-value chemicals (urea, amides, etc.) through coupling CO2 and nitrogenous small molecules, which offers opportunities for resolving carbon emission issues while fueling society.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_3.txt,allv2,2021_3.txt,This work introduces a biohybrid system for in situ synthesis of CdS by Shewanella putrefaciens under photo-assisted enhancement for the purification of uranium mine wastewater. This study deepens the understanding of electron transfer pathways and physiological metabolic activities in a biohybrid system and provides an important reference for the purification of uranium mine wastewater.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.png,C,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,ave_3,2024_8.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_3.png,B,"Intensified drought and heatwaves
Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns lead to heat waves and droughts occurring with greater frequency and intensity. This issue includes a collection of original research documenting how droughts and heatwaves, as well as their impacts on both natural and human systems, may change with anthropogenic warming.
See Editorial
Image: Ken Welsh / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_8.txt,ave_3,8_8.txt,"Heating and cooling feedbacks of buildings
Buildings interact with their environment in many ways. For example, heat is released to the atmosphere when energy is used for cooling or heating, but this energy demand is also affected by the temperature around the buildings, creating feedbacks between the buildings and their environment. In this month's issue, Xinchang Li, Lei Zhao and colleagues show that when this two-way feedback between buildings and their environment is considered, the additional atmospheric warming through buildings is higher than previously thought.
See Li et al. and News & Views by González-Cruz
Image: shunli zhao / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_3.txt,groundtruth,14_3.txt,"Global urban climate projections
Climate projections for built landscapes are needed to project risks from climate change in urban settings. In this issue, Lei Zhou and colleagues use an urban climate model emulator with a multi-model archive to estimate that many cities will warm over 4 °C during local summer in a high-emissions scenario. Decreases in near-global relative humidity highlight the mitigation potential of green infrastructure and more efficient urban cooling mechanisms.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Michael Vincent. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_11.txt,allv2,11_11.txt,"Cloud feedbacks
Whether clouds will warm or cool the planet under climate change is uncertain. Writing in this issue, two separate studies investigate the climate impacts of clouds. Mülmenstädt et al. show that overestimates of precipitation from warm clouds lead to substantial biases in climate models. Myers et al. find that feedbacks from tropical and subtropical marine clouds are smaller than previously reported.
See Myers et al., Mülmenstädt et al. News & Views by Stephens.
[Updated to correct the spelling of author name Myers.]
Image: GUADALUPE ISLAND, VON KARMAN VORTEX/The Image Bank/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_7.txt,multiBv1,11_7.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_7.png,C,"Machine learning with scalable optical computing
Optical computing offers advantages such as high-speed calculations and relatively low energy consumption. However, nonlinear information processing with optics still remains a challenging task. In this issue, Uğur Teğin et al. demonstrates a scalable and energy-efficient optical computing framework to perform machine learning tasks with optical fibers. The reported optical computing method substantially reduces the energy cost while maintaining comparable accuracy with its digital counterparts.
See Uğur Teğin et al.
Image: shulz / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Evolving scattering networks for materials design
Innovative properties and desirable performance for materials design, especially associated with photonic applications, can be achieved via properly engineered disorder. In this issue, Sunkyu Yu develops the concept of an evolving scattering network to design disordered material systems with the properties of stealthy hyperuniformity, such as suppressing the scattering of waves across a select range of wavelengths. Light scattering is depicted on the cover.
See Sunkyu Yu and Yang Jiao
Image: John Lund / SuperStock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"Machine learning with nonlinear optical neural networks
Photonic computing offers many advantages over traditional digital computing, such as high parallelism and low energy consumption, yet current development has been mostly limited to linear operations. In this issue, Hao Wang et al. introduce a large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system based on disordered polycrystalline materials. The system generates both linear and nonlinear optical speckle features, forming a complex neural network that can be used for computing tasks. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear system provides advantages over linear optical systems for various machine learning tasks, including image classification, regression, and graph classification. The cover image depicts the neural network formed by light scattering through a disordered medium.
See Hao Wang et al. and Tianyu Wang
Image: Hao Wang, Ecole Normale Supérieure and Tsinghua University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,"Flexible graph neural networks for materials prediction
Recently, machine learning-based methods, including graph neural networks (GNNs), have been widely used to establish structure–property relationships, which are crucial guidelines for materials design. However, generalizing such models requires addressing critical technical challenges, such as handling material-dependent output dimensions. In this issue, Ryotaro Okabe et al. propose virtual node models to further generalize GNNs, enabling the prediction of material properties with variable output dimensions. The work introduces three virtual node approaches that can be applied to predicting different phonon spectra with higher computational efficiency when compared to state-of-the-art methods. The cover image depicts vibrations of atoms or phonons, which is the property that the virtual node GNN has been applied to predict.
See Ryotaro Okabe et al. and accompanying Research Briefing
Image: Yugora / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_6.txt,ave_3,4_6.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.png,D,"Making sense of goal persistence
To attain goals, we frequently need to persevere. However, people sometimes show too much commitment to a goal, despite better alternatives — especially if they have invested a lot of time or money. Holton et al. use fMRI, lesion data and computational modelling to show that over-persistence with a chosen goal is driven by selective attention (mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex ), which prioritizes information related to the current goal and reduces sensitivity to attractive alternatives.
See Holton et al.
Image: Magdalena Adomeit. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_6.txt,ave_2,8_6.txt,"Mapping the face connectome
How does the brain support our ability to recognize faces and decipher facial expressions? Wang et al. combine functional and anatomical connectivity data with behavioural measures to create a global model of the human face connectome, proposing a neurocognitive model with three core face-processing streams.
See Wang et al.
Cover image: imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_9.txt,allv2,4_9.txt,"Genomics of musical beat synchronization
The human capacity to synchronize to a musical beat is a heritable complex trait. Niarchou et al. identify 69 genomic loci associated with people’s synchronization to a musical beat, revealing the highly polygenic architecture of this capacity. The authors also show that the genetic architecture of beat synchronization is enriched for genes involved in early brain development and lifelong brain function.
See Niarchou et al.
Cover image: Martha Willette Lewis. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_4.txt,sbert,6_4.txt,"BOLD troubles
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key tool for understanding brain function. Korponay et al. show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal — which fMRI uses to measure brain activity — is susceptible to artefacts from low-frequency blood flow signals (sLFOs), which can produce false positives in functional connectivity. These artefacts, linked to changes in respiration and heart rate during scanning, distort connectivity measures. The authors develop a specialized sLFO denoising method, which improves the accuracy and reliability of functional connectivity findings.
See Korponay et al.
Image: Marc Raley. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_3.png,B,"Anticancer and antiangiogenic iron(II) complexes targeting thioredoxin reductase to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. (Xie, L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00917) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2017_20.txt,allv2,2017_20.txt,"RuBTB complex inhibits GSH metabolism, leading to immunogenic ferroptosis through GSH depletion, GPX4 inactivation, and so on. This subsequently reverses drug resistance by inhibiting GST activity. This is the first metal–arene anticancer complex that achieves efficient immunogenicity and satisfactory ferroptosis therapeutic effect for overcoming drug resistance in metal-based immunochemotherapy.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,A series of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with planar ligands are reported to exert their anticancer activity by damaging mitochondrial DNA and disturbing cancer cell metabolism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_18.txt,multiBv1,2019_18.txt,"KX2-391 has two MOAs; it inhibits Src through targeting of the peptide substrate site and tubulin at a novel binding site. Clinical trials for various cancers, and precancers, up to phase 3 are underway. (Smolinski, M. P.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 61, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00164) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_14.txt,ave_2,2018_14.txt,test
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.png,C,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Flash separation of metals
Metal recycling plays a crucial role in mitigating the shortage of critical metals and reducing reliance on primary mining. However, current liquid hydrometallurgical methods consume substantial amounts of water and chemicals while also generating problematic secondary waste. On the other hand, pyrometallurgical processes are often energy intensive and lack selectivity. Now, James Tour and co-workers report a chlorination process that makes use of direct electric heating for the selective separation of critical metals from electronic waste (denoted as electrothermal chlorination, ETC). The ETC process represents a potential shift in metallurgy that could minimize metal supply-chain shortages. The cover shows a carbon paper heater used for the ETC process during electric heating.
See Deng et al.
Image: Shichen Xu, Rice University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_9.png,D,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,The epoxidation products produced by 1-nitropyrene metabolic transformation in the body increase the risk of DNA binding and affect human health. The health risks of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken seriously.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"Toxicological assessment of compounds to aquatic life plays an important role in protecting the water environment from their hazards. We present a web-based server, AquaticTox, for predicting acute toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic organisms. This tool could facilitate the identification of aquatic toxic chemicals and the design of green molecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Matter,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_10.png,C,"On the cover: Unlike prior years, this year’s Pieces of Matter articles and collection
focus on materials systems that have been developed for over 200 years: platforms
for electrocatalysis. The cover depicts an antique illustration of a simple galvanic
battery (invented in the late 1700s), an electrochemical cell that demonstrates the
basis for electrochemistry and electrocatalysis. Read the Perspectives in this issue
by Lou and colleagues and Dauenhauer and check out the full collection online for more content!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_1.txt,sbert,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover reflects accelerated and bespoke materials design
in the era of machine learning, with particular focus on downstream CO2-to-fuel processes, vertically integrated and interwoven by AI-powered automation.
See related Perspective by Ozin and colleagues (p. 1334–1347).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_8.txt,multiBv1,6_8.txt,"On the cover: To encapsulate the theme of our first annual Special Double Issue, we
invited two covers and split them across the middle (see this issue’s Editorial for the original, unaltered versions). Top: Conceptual design highlighting the critical
role of liquid metal in modulating the wetting behavior of lithium metal on solid-state
electrolyte (see Fu and colleagues). Inspiration was drawn from the technique of blending ink on xuan paper, which is
an essential step in the creation of traditional Chinese painting. The surface of
the solid-state electrolyte resembles the texture of xuan paper, exhibiting an intrinsic
lithiophobic character that impedes effective interface contact and promotes the growth
of dendrites. Bottom: One small step, one giant leap for biohybrid robots. We present
a biohybrid bipedal robot equipped with two legs and cultured skeletal muscle tissues
(see Takeuchi and colleagues). This integration of mechanical components with biological materials enables controlled
walking motions, including forward and stop motion, ultimately evolving towards the
subtle movements characteristic of human bipedal locomotion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,"On the Cover: In this issue of Matter, Du et al. (626–638) show the robust properties of bio-inspired sensing and actuating
materials to explore the state-of-the-art concept of material-as-machine. On the cover,
we explicitly depict the “sensing and actuating” behaviors of a chameleon, which adjusts
its skin colors to interact with the changing environment during locomotion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,train
ACS Polymers Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.png,C,"The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_3.txt,ave_2,2022_3.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,"The cover illustrates various topographical features in nanoconfined polymer thin films, arising from mechano-rheological responses, such as wrinkles, capillary leveling, particle tracking, dewetting hole growth, bubble inflation, and wetting ridges. Due to the extremely low thickness of polymer films, such unconventional characterization methods are imperative, and their efficacy has been demonstrated successfully.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"An artists' impression of the many proteins present in biological media, which interact in different compositions with the surface of polymer-coated nanoparticles. The type of polymer coating is decisive in the selection of proteins within the corona, which creates distinctive protein-covered surfaces that bias engagement with the biointerface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_9.png,A,"The varied roles of non-haematopoietic cells, inspired by the Review on p206.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"The balancing act of regulatory T cells, inspired by the Review on p544.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_4.txt,ave_3,19_4.txt,"COVER: Unconventional T cells, inspired by the Review on p795.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_1.txt,allv2,17_1.txt,"Unlocking tissue-specific T cell responses, inspired by the Review on p209.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_9.txt,multiBv1,18_9.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.png,C,"Extended [18F]FDDNP analogues provide a hope for a sensitive and selective in vivo detection of tauopathies like Alzheimer and many other neurodegenerative diseases. (Rejc, L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00764) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2017_4.txt,sbert,2017_4.txt,This cover art illustrates how an optimization of stereochemistry (represented by the chiral molecules in the flasks) and electrostatics (represented by a Tesla coil in the glass container) in a glycomimetic ligand resulted in the formation of an enthalpically driven cooperative hydrogen-bond network with its target DC-SIGN. A generative AI tool (Adobe Firefly) was used to create a part of the artwork. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dilara Tastan and Serdal Tastan in the creation of the cover art.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,"This cover art features a striking depiction of mitochondria emerging from a scientific paper adorned with illustrations of F0-ATPase and drugs. Scientists delve into groundbreaking research, seeking a cure for ischemia",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,allv2,2024_22.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/10_1.png,A,"Electrifying carbon capture
One approach to carbon capture is to react CO2 with an alkaline absorbent. To release the CO2 and regenerate the absorbent, substantial amounts of heat and multiple steps may be needed. Zhang et al. report one-step electrochemical regeneration of CO2 and absorbent at ambient conditions using a porous solid electrolyte reactor.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Xiao Zhang, Haotian Wang, Rice University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"NET result
Direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 is a promising negative emissions technology (NET) that could help to achieve climate targets. However, the energy and materials demands of DAC need to be better understood. Based on industrial data, Deutz and Bardow evaluate the environmental impacts of two DAC plants operated by Climeworks using life-cycle assessment.
See Deutz and Bardow.
Image: Climeworks AG Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_11.txt,ave_2,6_11.txt,"Putting the bio in fuels
Cellulose-based biofuels could reduce CO2 emissions while not relying on edible feedstocks, but production of transportation fuel from cellulose with high biofuel content is technically challenging. Deneyer et al. now demonstrate a method that integrates cellulose-based biofuels synthesis with existing petrochemical refinery processes to produce gasoline with 10% bio-derived carbon content.
See Deneyer et al. and News and Views by Barta
Image: Joris Snaet, KU Leuven. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/3_2.txt,ave_3,3_2.txt,"Cleaning the air for fuel cells
The performance of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells is hampered by CO2 present in the air feed. Addressing this issue, Shi et al. report an electrochemically-driven CO2 separator (pictured), powered by hydrogen, that removes CO2 from air streams by means of a membrane with mixed ionic–electronic conductivity.
See Shi et al. and News and Views by Gubler
Image: Lin Shi, University of Delaware. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_10.txt,allv2,7_10.txt,train
Med,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_1.png,B,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,multiBv1,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, making prognosis
and treatment challenging. Interlesional response heterogeneity (ILRH) poses challenges
to the abiraterone treatment of prostate cancer. This variability in drug response
can be likened to musical notes on a staff. Pan et al. used PET/CT imaging to evaluate the ILRH and stratify patients from single pattern
on the left (traditional methods) into distinct response patterns, depicted by three
musical patterns on the right (new approach). This underscores the potential value
of integrating PET/CT imaging into the design of future clinical trials. Cover credit:
Ruozhen Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Decoding genetic interactions as a basis for pan-cancer precision oncology
biomarkers. This month, Dinstag et al. (pp. 15–30) present ENLIGHT, a transcriptomics-based
computational approach that identifies clinically relevant genetic interactions and
uses them to markedly enhance the ability to predict patient response to a variety
of therapies in multiple cancer types without training on previous treatment response
data. The cover visualizes the way ENLIGHT biomarkers, overlaid with the patient information,
help guide treatment nomination. Cover credit: Cindy Zhuang, VSC Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_12.txt,ave_2,4_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_403,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_403.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week, Science Signaling publishes a Focus Issue on the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which has critical roles in animal development, homeostasis, and disease. Articles in the Focus Issue and Archives describe how Hedgehog signaling is influenced by complex and diverse mechanisms, including ligand gradients, noncanonical signaling mechanisms, and combinatorial activities of repressor and activator forms of the Gli transcription factors. The image shows a model of trafficking and release for cholesterol-modified Hedgehog, which differs from that of Hedgehog not modified by cholesterol. [Image: Yana Hammond/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_200.txt,allv2,4_200.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that discusses the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in promoting the proliferation of mesenchymal cells that give rise to digits in the developing limb. The image shows the anterior and posterior digits that form in the chick limb. [Image: Craig Nicol, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_26.txt,ave_3,1_26.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that a specific subset of G protein–coupled receptors reduces the sensitivity of cells to the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog. The image shows the Hedgehog signal transducer Smoothened (red) localized to the cilia of cells in the embryonic mouse spinal cord. [Image: Jennifer H. Kong, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_516.txt,multiBv1,11_516.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on hedgehog signaling. The image shows cells close to and more distant from a source of the morphogen Sonic hedgehog. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_403.txt,groundtruth,2007_403.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.png,A,"Understanding chromosomal instability in cancer, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"COVER: Role of extrachromosomal DNA in cancer, inspired by the Perspective on p733.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, inspired by the Review on p792.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_1.txt,ave_3,18_1.txt,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,ave_2,21_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_1.png,C,"‘Synthetic biology’ inspired by the Progress on p187
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_9.txt,ave_2,19_9.txt,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,sbert,21_4.txt,"Terraforming a new organ site, inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"Thriving in an inhospitable environment, inspired by the Review on p448.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_6.txt,allv2,24_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.png,C,"A ‘reversible’ catalyst allows a reaction to proceed rapidly even at small departures from equilibrium. These fast and energy-efficient transformations are part of a relatively smooth potential energy landscape that can feature in synthetic and biological systems alike. See Fourmond, Plumeré & Léger.
Image: Laurent Eisler; Design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/5_8.txt,ave_3,5_8.txt,"In photocatalytic hydrogen production, solar radiation produces electrons and holes in a photocatalyst. The rate determining step in the reaction though is the hole-mediated oxidation of water and many holes are wasted. Avoiding this waste — and the associated chemical effects — is the key to optimizing this important reaction and boosting solar hydrogen production rates. See Rahman, Edvinsson, and Gascon.
Image: Sandra Ramirez Cherbuy. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,"Solar reforming is the sunlight-driven transformation of waste feedstocks into valuable fuels and chemicals. It encompasses a set of emerging technologies that have the potential to support the energy and chemical industries as they transition towards a sustainable circular economy. This review discusses the concept, configurations and metrics of solar reforming, and proposes future directions. The cover depicts an artistic rendition of a solar reforming reactor where sunlight drives the simultaneous conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels and solid waste to chemicals. See Bhattacharjee et al.
Image: Sayan Kar, Motiar Rahaman, Chanon Pornrungroj Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"Electronic waste or e-waste is an ever-increasing problem driven by the global population’s insatiable thirst for the latest gadgets. Discarded electronics contain a range of valuable materials, which might be recovered and reused. Recycling e-waste can reduce carbon emissions and the release of hazardous materials into soil and water. Furthermore, the scarcity of some natural resources will begin to limit the new technologies that can be built if we do not begin to better understand how to recycle these waste streams. See Niu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_5.txt,ave_2,8_5.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_9.png,D,"Organic polariton logic gates
A polariton transistor based on strong light–matter coupling in a thin organic layer in an optical microcavity allows fast switching and amplification of states at room temperature and the creation of all-optical logic.
See Lagoudakis et al.
Image: Anton V. Zasedatelev, Skoltech. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_7.txt,allv2,13_7.txt,"Perovskite displays
Artistic images of green perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) pixels integrated onto a thin-film-transistor backplane to create high-definition active matrix displays. This work represents a start point to bringing PeLEDs from the laboratory towards commercial displays.
See Li et al.
Image: Jiajun Luo from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_8.txt,sbert,17_8.txt,"Artistic impression of the splitting of left-and right-handed circularly-polarized beams due to the Spin Hall Effect.
Cover design by Tom Wilson.
Letter by Bliokh  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"Perovskite polaritons
Artistic image of the polariton spin Hall effect in a liquid-crystal-filled perovskite microcavity under electrical voltages at room temperature. The findings represent a development in the generation and manipulation of pure polariton spins for spin-optoelectronic applications.
See Liang et al.
Image: Rui Su, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_9.txt,groundtruth,18_9.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_21.png,D,Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers with well-defined linear polymeric chains between branch points. See page 7067.     View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_7.txt,allv2,2011_7.txt,"An efficient method is developed for preparing large dendritic nanoparticles as fully soluble molecular species with high molecular weight (Mn ~ 60 million g/mol), narrow polydispersity (PDI < 1.20), and large size (d > 100 nm). The method is based on a newly developed cascade chain walking polymerization in which a dendritic multivalent chain walking catalyst was employed to initiate cascade polymerization of ethylene with or without polar olefins for the formation of dendrimer-on-dendrimer type of large organic nanoparticles. The simplicity and efficiency of this method make it promising for the preparation of large soluble nanostructures for various potential applications. See p 4829.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_14.txt,ave_1,2010_14.txt,"By balancing the tendency of nucleation and aggregation from a liquid crystalline block copolymer in solution, cylindrical micelles with a tunable length can be produced. These uniform cylindrical micelles subsequently will undergo spontaneous hierarchical assembly via end-to-end coupling to form segmented supramicellar nanofibrils with controllable dimension and rigidity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_11.txt,multiBv1,2021_11.txt,Giant carbosilane dendrimers form a stable and perfect cubic lattice when exposed to solvent vapors. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,train
Science Robotics,10_99,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/10_99.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Biohybrid Robots—Controlling Robotic Hand Movement with Muscle Tissue. Biohybrid robots provide the advantage of combining muscle tissue derived from cells as well as synthetic components. These muscle tissues can be controlled to generate contractile forces necessary to provide linear movement of joints. Ren et al. have developed a multifingered robotic hand that was powered by bundles of muscle tissue. The muscles were connected to tendons and ultimately to the individual fingers, which could be controlled independently to generate flexion when exposed to electrical stimulation. This month’s cover is an image of the biohybrid robotic hand showing the fingers in flexion. Credit: : Shoji Takeuchi research group/University of Tokyo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/10_99.txt,groundtruth,10_99.txt,"ONLINE COVER Antagonistic Actuation. Engineers have used natural muscle tissues to move robotic devices, but the tissues were limited by spontaneous shrinkage, small ranges of movement, and short lifetimes. Morimoto et al. engineered muscle tissues by stacking thin hydrogel sheets containing myoblasts, then anchored an antagonistic pair of the tissues to a flexible robotic skeleton. Actuated by electrically stimulated engineered tissues, the device achieved a joint rotation of 90°, a range of motion comparable to that of a human finger. The muscle tissues remained capable of actuation for about one week. [CREDIT: SHOJI TAKEUCHI RESEARCH GROUP/UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_18.txt,allv2,3_18.txt,"ONLINE COVER Flexing Biomolecular Muscle. Actuation of soft microrobots can be achieved through the application of miniature motors, such as artificial muscles. However, the integration of such actuators within soft microrobots requires assembly processes that are often slow and require multiple steps. Wang et al. have developed a rapid and cost-effective in situ fabrication process that integrates artificial muscles composed of molecular motors in a variety of microrobots. This month’s cover shows a microrobot manipulating a ball; its arms are sequentially controlled by light-responsive artificial muscles.  Credit: Wang et al./Osaka University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_69.txt,multiBv1,7_69.txt,"ONLINE COVER Hybrid Vigor. A growing focus in robotics is the coupling of engineered materials to biological cells and tissues, such as the fluorescently dyed cardiomycetes shown here. Biohybrid devices may exploit the properties of both materials to enable robots with enhanced capabilities, or synthetic devices may assist in the function and the repair of biological tissues and organs. [CREDIT: ROGER J. BICK & BRIAN J. POINDEXTER/UT–HOUSTON MEDICAL SCHOOL/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_89,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_89.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Legged Robots. Developing legged robots capable of complex motor skills is a major challenge for roboticists. Haarnoja et al. used deep reinforcement learning to train miniature humanoid robots, Robotis OP3, to play a game of one-versus-one soccer. The robots were capable of exhibiting not only agile movements, such as walking, kicking the ball, and rapid recovery from falls, but also emergent behaviors to adapt to the game scenario, such as subtle defensive moves and dynamic footwork in response to the opponent. This month’s cover is an image of the miniature humanoid robot kicking a ball. Credit: Google DeepMind",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_89.txt,groundtruth,9_89.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,multiBv1,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Hop, Skip, and a Jump. Birds and insects can switch between flying and walking with ease. Multimodal locomotion allows these animals to choose the most sensible mode of travel based on their environment. For robots, demonstrating either legged or aerial locomotion is challenging, let alone achieving both. Kim et al. have developed a bipedal robot that seamlessly combines legged and aerial locomotion. Their robot, called LEONARDO, is composed of light-weight multijoint legs and propellers. Synchronized control of LEONARDO’s legs and propellers enable maneuvers that require delicate balancing, such as slackline walking and skateboarding. This month's cover is a photograph of LEONARDO balancing on one leg. See also the Focus by Mintchev. Credit: Elena-Sorina Lupu, Patrick Spieler, Kyunam Kim, and Soon-Jo Chung",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_59.txt,ave_3,6_59.txt,"ONLINE COVER  You Can Teach a Robot Dog New Tricks. Learning to adapt in unknown situations is key for robots to operate effectively in the wild. Inspired by the biomechanical control of muscular systems,  Yang et al. developed a framework based on machine learning called multi-expert learning architecture to teach multiskill locomotion to a quadruped robot. Their controller consists of eight deep neural networks that represent expert skills that are then combined using a gated neural network to achieve complex locomotion such as coherent trotting, steering, and fall recovery. This month's cover is a photograph of Jueying, a quadruped robot, demonstrating agile motion. [IMAGE CREDIT: KAI YUAN AND CHRISTOPHER MCGREAVY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/5_49.txt,allv2,5_49.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,multiBv1,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p627.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_3.txt,ave_3,22_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p624.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.png,C,"DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_2.txt,ave_2,19_2.txt,"Imaging coronary arteries, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p696.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Use of AI for imaging of coronary atherosclerosis, inspired by the Roadmap on p51.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,"Application of artificial intelligence to cardiovascular wearable devices, inspired by the Review on p75
Cover design: Chayakrit Krittanawong et al. and Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_11.txt,multiBv1,18_11.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_8.png,C,"The jumping carps firstly turned right and secondly jumped up towards Longmen, like two steps of fate choice for the endothelial cells on the way to a final hematopoietic stem cell destiny.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_8.txt,allv2,30_8.txt,"Paired Chinese knot, a symbol of unity and cooperation, represents the active state structure of human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a dimeric class C GPCR responsible for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the blood. Structural studies revealed that CaSR is cooperatively activated by calcium ions and L-Trp. See page 383-394 by Shenglong Ling et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_9.txt,multiBv1,31_9.txt,"The image illustrates a Chinese historical story, depicting Taigong Jiang fishing with his hook, reminiscent of the innovative proximity labeling tool, PhastID. PhastID identifies ATP6AP1, an unconventional GEF of Rheb. The C-tail at the end of ATP6AP1 can be used as a switch for Rheb to regulate the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Just as the two different states of the fish in the image, activating Rheb or not has distinct impacts on cellular functions. See page 355–369 by Ran Feng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,"Ca2+-induced (fallen leaves) and phosphatase-checked (shrimps) shuttling of CaMKII (lotuses) enlarges postsynaptic density assembly (larger cluster of fish) and induces structural long-term potentiation.
Cover art is contributed by Jia Xu.See page 37-51 by Qixu Cai et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_12.txt,ave_2,31_12.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_3.png,A,"Phase engineering of 2D materials
A strategy of on-device phase engineering of two-dimensional materials is proposed, allowing the in situ realization of various lattice phases with distinct stoichiometries and versatile functions.
See Liu et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist, and Junjie Shan, Nanjing University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_3.txt,groundtruth,23_3.txt,"Complex element coupling expands materials capabilities
Increasing compositional complexity expands the space of manipulating materials properties, bringing both opportunities and challenges to design and processing.
See Xue et al. & Editorial
Image: background, Yuichiro Chino / Moment / Getty; structure, Hang Xue & Chong Yang, Xi’an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/22_9.txt,sbert,22_9.txt,"2D materials towards industrialization
Academia and industry are seeking ways to integrate 2D materials in practical and commercial applications.
See Editorial, Comment by Lin et al., Comment by Neumaier et al., News & Views by Ugeda, Perspective by Rhodes et al., Review by Bae et al. and Article by Lin et al.
Image: Peng Lin, MIT, Penn State. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"Recently explored layered materials, from transition metal dichalcogenides to Xenes, and their combination with other 2D and non-2D materials in van der Waals heterostructures, exhibit intriguing fundamental properties and expand the spectrum of applications at reach for the family of 2D materials.
Editorial p155; Perspective p163; Review Articles p170, 182
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA, BASED ON A CONCEPT BY DEEP JARIWALA AND MARK HERSAM AT NORTHWESTERN UNIV.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_11.txt,ave_2,16_11.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_1.png,C,"Communication through molecular bridges is important for single-molecule conductance, electron transfer, superexchange spin coupling, and intramolecular singlet fission. The bridge often determines how the two parts it is connecting communicate. Considering how such communication is transferable between its different manifestations may lead to new insight in those fields of research.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2019_5.txt,allv2,2019_5.txt,"Quantum theory of atoms in molecules revealing mechanisms of carbene ligand property tuning. Contour plot of the Laplacian of the electron density in the plane bisecting the –N1C2N3 bond angle and perpendicular to the NHC plane in 1a. Dark contours delineate regions of charge concentration; green lines map regions of charge depletion. The dark circle is the (3,–3) CP of the nonbonding VSCC of C2. The crosses locate two (3,+1) CPs of charge depletion above and below the molecular plane in zones of VSCD (or ""holes in the VSCC"" as defined by MacDougall and Bader, ref 38). Two angles are defined as follows; the lone pair extension angle is denoted as α and the valence depletion angle as  β. The arrows labeled N and E show preferred paths of vulnerability to nucleophilic and electrophilic attack.  See page 8647.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2009_23.txt,ave_2,2009_23.txt,Electron transfer through a single molecule: electron tunneling through a molecule on the edge of decoupling layers on metal surfaces is subject to coulomb blockage due to the interaction with the electrons in the molecule.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Multicenter two-electron bonds revealing chemically relevant fragmentation in golden cages (see page 866).  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2009_48.txt,sbert,2009_48.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_12.png,A,"African raptor declines
Many African raptors have suffered severe, widespread declines since the 1970s, and at the same time have become significantly more dependent on protected areas. Their loss has the potential to trigger extensive cascading effects, particularly in the case of large, apex predators such as this martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus), seen here having just killed a black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas).
See Shaw et al.
Image: Munir Virani, Mohamed Bin Zayed, Raptor Conservation Fund. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Tasmanian predator interactions
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus, pictured) is a mesopredator that is subordinate to Tasmanian devils ((Sarcophilus harrisii). New genomic data show that quoll genetic structure has increased as devil populations have declined from a fatal, transmissible cancer. Top predators are declining globally, and this study shows that such declines can cause evolutionary responses in other predators, as well as ecological changes in food webs due to reduced competition.
See Beer et al
Image: Sebastian Comte. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.txt,multiBv1,8_11.txt,"Trophic rewilding
A sunrise silhouette of waterbuck on the Urema floodplain of Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park. Gorongosa’s wildlife was devastated by civil war in the 1980s and 1990s, but has lately been flourishing under a pioneering rewilding programme. The recovery of waterbuck and other large herbivores has dramatically reduced the abundance of invasive shrubs, which suggests that restoring large mammal populations can revive lost ecosystem functions.
See Guyton et al.
Image: Jen Guyton. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"Risky times and risky places
Predator–prey interactions, such as between cheetahs and zebras in Liuwa Plain National Park in Zambia, reveal the relationship between types of risk. In locations with high long-term risk, prey vigilance was strong when short-term risk was also high but not when short-term risk was low.
See Dröge et al. 10.1038/s41559-017-0220-9 (2017)
Image: Daan Smit. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_2.png,A,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,ave_3,18_3.txt,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, inspired by the Review on p792.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_1.txt,ave_2,18_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_6.png,C,"Precision medicine, inspired by the Review on p745.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_2.txt,ave_2,18_2.txt,"Cardiac electroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p547.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_5.txt,ave_3,18_5.txt,"Immune checkpoints, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,allv2,19_12.txt,train
Med,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_9.png,A,"On the cover: Camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 immunotherapy drug, shows promise in treating
a range of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,
and Hodgkin lymphoma. In a phase 2 clinical trial, Pan et al. demonstrated the safety and feasibility of pre-operative camrelizumab with microwave
ablation for treating early breast cancer. The combined therapy enhanced the cytotoxic
and effector memory functions of peripheral CD8+ T cells. The treatment also activated MHC class I and interferon signaling pathways
in monocytes, suggesting their contribution to the improved CD8+ T cell activity. Cover credit: JUAN GARTNER/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_2.txt,ave_3,6_2.txt,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,multiBv1,3_3.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.png,A,"Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) protect the proteome against
deleterious effects of protein unfolding, catching non-native proteins before they
aggregate and precipitate. On pages 1063–1078 in this issue, Johannes Buchner
and colleagues describe the structural and functional principles of sHsp oligomers
and what makes them versatile and adaptive for trapping a large range of non-native
proteins. Cover art, colors inspired by “The Catcher in the Rye”, by Carsten Peters.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.txt,groundtruth,49_1.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.txt,allv2,50_2.txt,"Chaperonins are large oligomers built by two stacked rings. These nanomachines promote
protein folding by binding non-native proteins and providing an isolated cavity where
productive folding takes place (the position and shape of the hands provide a symbolic
albeit accurate view of the structure of the chaperonin cavity). The whole process
is driven by conformational changes induced by ATP binding and hydrolysis. On pages
424–432 of this issue, Yébenes et al. discuss how recent insights into these nanomachines,
gained through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies, have shed light
on the underlying assisted folding mechanism. Cover design by Pablo Mesa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/36_5.txt,ave_3,36_5.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.txt,ave_2,50_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_2.png,A,"Environmental stability determines the degradation of metal–organic frameworks. The unstable Zn-BDC released Zn2+ and induced cytotoxicity to nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii. Zn-BDC directly disturbed the ribosome pathway, and lowered the expression level of nitrogen fixation nif cluster genes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Comparison of the Base Excision and Direct Reversal Repair Pathways for Correcting 1,N6‑Ethenoadenine in Strongly Positioned Nucleosome Core Particles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_6.txt,sbert,2020_6.txt,Extracellular Defenses against Toxic Chromium. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_4.txt,allv2,2017_4.txt,Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Quinone Induces NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy through Selectively Autophagic Degradation of Ferritin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2019_1.txt,multiBv1,2019_1.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_3.png,A,"AI framework for neural–behavioral modeling
Neural dynamics are complex and simultaneously relate to distinct behaviors. To address these challenges, Sani et al. have developed an AI framework termed DPAD that achieves nonlinear dynamical modeling of neural–behavioral data, dissociates behaviorally relevant neural dynamics, and localizes the source of nonlinearity in the dynamical model. In the cover image, what DPAD does is visualized as separating the ovsubbed erall brain activity into distinct pieces related to specific behaviors and discovering how these pieces fit together to build the overall activity.
See Sani et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Omid Sani, Maryam Shanechi. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_3.txt,groundtruth,27_3.txt,"Sensorimotor striatum and complex motor sequences
The cover art illustrates the ubiquitous process of producing complex motor sequences, exemplified by the pianist. How such feats are implemented in neural circuitry is addressed by Mizes et al. in this issue. They study rats performing a ‘piano task’, contrasting the role of the basal ganglia in overtrained sequences with ones assembled in response to visual cues, like notes on a musical staff. They find that the basal ganglia help to shape low-level movement kinematics for both types of sequence but are dispensable for high-level sequencing of cue-guided behaviors.
See Mizes et al.
Image: Julia Kuhl. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/26_3.txt,sbert,26_3.txt,"In this issue, Wimmer and colleagues investigate the neural basis of temporal decay in working memory precision, based on a computational hypothesis. 'Bump attractor' dynamics explained the relationship between the accuracy of behavioral responses and neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. The cover illustrates the gradual decay of a telephone number as it is actively maintained in working memory. Artwork by óscar Astromujoffp 431",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_10.txt,ave_2,17_10.txt,"Constraints on neural dynamics
The time course of neural activity is thought to be essential for computation in networks of neurons. Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby and colleagues used a brain–computer interface to show that activity time courses in the brain are difficult to violate, which provides empirical support for dynamical principles at play. The cover illustrates a monkey traversing a time course of neural activity unfolding in its brain.
See Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby, et al.
Image design: Avesta Rastan. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_1.txt,allv2,28_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_2.png,D,Expanding the sparsely populated library of lanthanide MOF crystal structures is building a knowledge treasure trove that will ultimately inform material design and application. This graphic was generated with help from Google Gemini.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,-wavelength deep ultraviolet emission from AlGaN quantum wires at macrostep edges and AlGaN quantum wells at macrostep terraces. The low dislocation density of AlN templates and dominant luminescence of the high-density quantum wires lead to a high internal quantum efficiency of 70%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_21.txt,allv2,2024_21.txt,"Optical microscope image showing planar, submicron, and nanoscale wires and grooves on the surface of InP(110) prepared by noncongruent sublimation. The circular (moon-like) feature contains high (low) density of Au nanoparticles which sacrifice themselves to form etch pits and running wires. These self-assembled structures were found on many III-V(110) surfaces and observed in situ by low-energy electron microscopy",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_5.txt,sbert,2017_5.txt,"A schematic of stepwise GaN growth, featuring terrace-like structures with atomic-level details: white spheres represent nitrogen atoms, blue for gallium, black for carbon, and yellow for sodium. The illustration highlights GaN",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_2.png,A,"Enzymatic enone synthesis
Chiral enones are produced, using flavin-dependent ene-reductases, through a desymmetrization approach. Enzymatic desaturation and reduction processes enable the synthesis of either enantiomer of the enone products from cyclohexanone or cyclohexadienone substrates.
See Zeng et al.
Image: Mudi Wang, National Institute of Biological Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,"Catalytic cyclotrimerization
Catalytic [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of three different unsaturated compounds is a major goal in synthetic organic chemistry. Using chiral cationic rhodium(I) catalysts, terminal alkynes, alkynoates and cis-enamides undergo highly stereoselective [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization to give chiral cyclohexadienylamines as a single product.
See Fujii et al.
Image: Ken Tanaka, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Enzymatic C(sp 3)–F bond formation
Enantioselective C(sp 3)–F bond formation is reported using an engineered non-haem iron enzyme. The process proceeds through a radical fluorine atom transfer pathway, which converts N-fluoroamides into chiral benzyl fluorides.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yunfang Yang, Zhejiang University of Technology. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"Strike a pose
Substrate docking into molecular-dynamics-simulated structures of enzyme variants is used to guide the design of mutations, which increases enantioselectivity in a C–H oxidation reaction by disfavouring binding poses leading to the unwanted enantiomer. This enzyme engineering approach enables selective oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds in cyclic amines to deliver high-value alcohol products for drug discovery and synthetic applications.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Yuan Zhang, Jeremy Robertson and Luet L. Wong, University of Oxford. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_10.png,B,Phenol formaldehyde resin and vermicelli were mixed together to prepare a lightweight carbon foam with a hierarchical pore architecture for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The carbon foam in this instance absorbs harmful electromagnetic (EM) waves while also protecting the electronic equipment from EM waves over a broad frequency range. These EMI shielding materials can be used to benefit stealth technology.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,"Deep eutectic solvent/surfactant functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated graphene oxide (GO) can be a sensitive, ultrafast (within 3 min), and sustainable adsorbent for the complete removal of hazardous textile dye from industrial effluent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_3.png,D,Computing Biological Relationships among Organ Toxicities. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_8.txt,allv2,2016_8.txt,A Fragment-Based Method for Michael Addition as a Molecular Initiating Event: A Step Closer to in Silico Prediction of Potency for Toxicity? View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_7.txt,sbert,2016_7.txt,Modeling Exposure in in Vitro Cell Assays. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_8.txt,ave_2,2017_8.txt,"Inhalation toxicity testing primarily relies on rodent testing, highlighting the lack of reliable and validated lung cell models. To enhance the predictive power of lung cell models, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be applied. This framework causally links sequences of key events (KEs) from a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome in animals. We summarize the current state of art in endpoint analysis in the two systems with a focus on inflammatory-induced effects and provide some guidance for future research directions to improve the alignment.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_7.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p389
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p381
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p355
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/21_7.txt,ave_3,21_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p389
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_6.txt,ave_2,20_6.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_8.png,A,"On the cover: As we age—particularly with Alzheimer’s—various processes centered on
our DNA become gradually “broken.” Collectively, these changes, reviewed by Gouveia Roque et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, act as drivers of disease progression and cognitive decline. The cover highlights
this relationship, drawing inspiration from the genetic mosaicism now known to characterize
the Alzheimer’s brain. Image credit: Cláudio Gouveia Roque.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Orozco et al. explore a systems-biology approach that uncovers novel disease mechanisms
in age-related macular degeneration. The cover depicts an artist’s representation
of a fundus image of a human retina with age-related macular degeneration, using a
combination of pastels and digital techniques. The yellow-orange color represents
a geographic atrophy lesion. Image created by Allison K. Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huguet et al. present an article focused on the interpretation of the effect size of CNVs on cognitive
ability across different gene sets related to brain and non-brain functions. The cover
image represents this article. The human genomic sequence is depicted in the background,
with blue and red parentheses indicating genomic duplications and deletions, respectively.
Circles of corresponding colors show which organ-associated gene sets affect cognitive
ability when duplicated or deleted. Therefore, the scale depicts the resulting changes
of cognitive ability for a given individual, with the left part showing a decreased
cognitive ability. Artist credit: Guillaume Huguet and Thomas Renne, authors on this
article, jointly produced the conceptual design of this cover, with Guillaume Huguet
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Rodriguez-Fos et al. use mutational signature analyses to identify differences in
the activity of specific mutational processes across neuroblastoma clinical risk groups.
The cover displays an abstract representation of mutational signature patterns across
the genome (DNA molecule), which correspond to the basis of this study. Artwork done
entirely by Elias Rodriguez-Fos using Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_3.txt,ave_3,3_3.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_6.png,A,"Migratory animals, such as the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus)
shown here, transport parasites along their migratory routes. On pages 625–633,
Jason Donaldson and colleagues discuss how the trophic effects of migrants can alter
parasite dynamics for residents. They develop a framework to better determine migrant
trophic and transport effects on resident animal parasite prevalence. Photo credit:
Jason Donaldson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_6.txt,groundtruth,39_6.txt,"Animals can acquire information from each other during migrations, which
may enhance migration success. On pages 985–996, Ellen Aikens and colleagues provide
a framework for understanding when, how and why social influences shape decisions
that animals make during migration. They argue that integrating social learning and
migration ecology will advance our understanding of migratory behaviour and help to
conserve migratory species. The cover depicts a group of Pronghorn migrating together
in the Hoback Range, Wyoming, USA. Credit: Gregory Nickerson, Wyoming Migration
Initiative/University of Wyoming.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/37_2.txt,sbert,37_2.txt,"Species barriers are tested in hybrid zones as hybridisation can erode these barriers.
Outcomes in hybrid zones are influenced by a range of factors, including parasites
and pathogens. On pp. 19–30, Angela Theodosopoulos and colleagues present an evolutionary
framework within which to consider parasite-hybrid interactions. The cover image shows
Daphnia longispina – studies using this system have brought to light much of the variation occurring
amongst host populations and the implications that ecology has on the impact of parasitism
on species barriers. Photo: Oliver Skibbe",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/34_12.txt,allv2,34_12.txt,"Population declines have been greater among migratory species. On pages 30–41, Vojtěch
Kubelka and colleagues hypothesise that this could be because climate change and human
pressure are reducing the benefits of migration to northern breeding grounds. Climate
change has caused phenological mismatches that reduce food availability, pathogens
are spreading north and predation has increased. Pictured is the Eurasian Dotterel
(Charadrius morinellus), which breeds in the Arctic tundra and the mountains of Europe, and overwinters across
north Africa. Photo: Vojtěch Kubelka.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/37_13.txt,ave_1,37_13.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.png,A,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"A universal, rapid and large-scale synthesis strategy for chiral fluorescent",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,"The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_3.txt,sbert,2023_3.txt,"The boom of AIEgens has revolutionized the design strategy of bioimaging materials. In this review, we summarize  the advantages and recent progress of AIEgens in imaging and tracking, including different imaging strategies, e.g., turn-on imaging, stimuli-response sensing, and long-term tracking.  NIR AIEgens for in-depth bioimaging are also discussed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_4.png,D,"Cycling triglycerides
Adipocytes are shown to exchange the fatty acid side chains of their major neutral lipids in a process called triglyceride cycling. This complex pathway was studied using synthetic fatty acid tracers and mass spectrometry. Shown here is a single 3T3-L1 adipocyte featuring numerous spherical lipid droplets, stained for neutral fatty acids.
See Wunderling et al.
Image: Lars Kuerschner, University of Bonn. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_9.txt,ave_2,5_9.txt,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,"Spatial metabolomics meets isotopic metabolic tracing
These images show the distribution of lipid species in control mouse kidneys (the top three lines) and mouse kidneys with ischaemia–reperfusion injury (the bottom two lines) as recorded by high-spatial-resolution MALDI-MSI. These images indicate the species and heterogeneity of lipids in different types of renal cell, which are disturbed after injury; therefore, they can be used to identify injured renal cells in situ.
See Wang et al.
Image: Gangqi Wang, Leiden University Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_4.txt,allv2,4_4.txt,"Spatial lipid fluxes
13C-SpaceM combines stable isotope tracing with imaging mass spectrometry thus enabling spatial analysis of lipid dynamics with near single-cell resolution in tissues. The illustration is a photo of a cross-stitch embroidery with a part of the imaging mass spectrometry heatmap used as a scheme. Loose threads outside of the hoop symbolize the metabolic fluxes studied in this manuscript.
See Buglakova et al.
Image: Elena Buglakova, EMBL (embroidery); Massimo Del Prete, EMBL (photo). Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_9.png,A,"Mud glorious mud
Human activities have altered the production, transport, and fate of mud and associated organic carbon, with important implications for global carbon cycling. The image shows a mudflat under the bridge to the island Oléron in Charente-Maritime, France.
See Bianchi et al.
Image: Amar and Isabelle Guillen—Guillen Photo LLC/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_9.txt,groundtruth,17_9.txt,"The Bonnet Carré Spillway diverts floodwaters from the Mississippi River to Lake Pontchartrain, and was opened for 42 days during the 2011 flood. According to measurements of the newly deposited sediments, at least 31-46% of the river's sand load was diverted into the spillway at this time, suggesting that such diversions can help mitigate coastal wetland loss. The image shows sand waves in the Bonnet Carré Spillway after the 2011 Mississippi flood, with the spillway structure and Mississippi River in the background.
Letter p534; News &#38; Views p521
COVER IMAGE: JEFF NITTROUER
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/5_5.txt,allv2,5_5.txt,"Carbon is carried into the Earth at subduction zones. Geochemical analysis of subducted sediments now exhumed in Alpine Corsica, France, reveal the formation of graphite during shallow subduction, implying that carbonate transformation to graphite aids transport into the deeper Earth. This image shows a contact between hydrothermally altered mantle rocks and blueschist metasediments in Alpine Corsica, France.
Letter p473
IMAGE: ALBERTO VITALE BROVARONE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/6_7.txt,sbert,6_7.txt,"Legacies of agricultural nitrogen
Mitigation efforts to curb agricultural nitrogen have been largely unsuccessful, but managing previously overlooked nitrogen legacies of landscapes could improve water quality. The image shows a late-summer phytoplankton bloom swirling in the Baltic Sea between the Swedish islands of Öland and Gotland. Such blooms have intensified in the last few decades. The image was taken in August 2020 using the Operation Land Imager instrument on Landsat 8.
See Basu et al.
Image: Dr. Joshua Stevens, NASA Earth Observatory. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/15_11.txt,multiBv1,15_11.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_18.png,C,"Amphiphilic copolymer-modified eggshell-based column packing materials contribute not only to the reduction of environmental impact, but also to effective purification of basic compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_3.txt,sbert,2022_3.txt,"gel chemistry from silylated polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, dextrin, chitosan, and pectin, were successfully prepared for the first time under physiological conditions, with a tunable structure and mechanical properties for biological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"niversal controlled-release system based on cubosome-carrying bacterial cellulose capsules with a pH-smart trigger mechanism for the oral administration of therapeutic bioactives is rationally designed. Site-specific, dual cargo-controlled release is achieved through a solubility-dependent phenomenon. Such an engineered pH-responsive microcapsule has potential for colon-targeted multidrug delivery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,Rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals with residual lignin or surface-grafted zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) chains exhibited antifouling  properties combined with enhanced antibacterial performance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2020_5.txt,multiBv1,2020_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_5.png,D,"‘Islets’, inspired by the Review on p142
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_11.txt,allv2,22_11.txt,"‘Untying the knots’, inspired by the Review on p407.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_7.txt,sbert,23_7.txt,"‘Cellular stress’, inspired by the Review on p346
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_8.txt,multiBv1,22_8.txt,"‘Healing injured tissues’, inspired by the Reviews on p599 and p617
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_1.png,C,"Traditionally, the mammalian retina has been viewed as a relatively rigid computational
front end for vision. In a Review in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Michal Rivlin-Etzion, William Grimes, and Fred Rieke discuss emerging evidence that
challenges this classical picture. The authors describe examples that range from extensions
of established retinal coding principles to unexpected findings that question basic
concepts of retinal processing. The cover image alludes to the concentric center-surround
receptive-field organization of retinal ganglion cells, and its dynamic, stimulus-dependent
alterations as discussed in the article. Cover image by iStock/Kevinop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/41_10.txt,allv2,41_10.txt,"Microglia have traditionally been associated with brain infection and disease. However,
numerous recent studies have demonstrated that microglia also have important physiological
roles in the nervous system, even in the absence of pathologies. On pages 209–217,
Wake et al. review microglial contributions to the development, plasticity and maintenance of
neural circuits. The cover design is a confocal image showing microglial cells (green),
which tile the surface of the retina and lie in close proximity to retinal ganglion
cell axons (blue). They cluster at the center of the retina, where the axons converge
to leave the eye and form the optic nerve. Image credit: Alejandra Bosco and Monica
Vetter.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_9.txt,ave_3,36_9.txt,"Retinal ganglion cells and their neural and glial partners are essential
for integrating light-induced signals from the eye and transmitting them to various
brain regions. This information drives vision as well as non-visual brain functions
regulated by light, such as circadian photoentrainment, sleep modulation, alertness,
attention, and mood. However, RGCs can differ considerably across species. In
this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Kang-Chieh Huang, Mohamed Tawfik, and
Melanie Samuel examine retinal ganglion cell and glial features that are conserved
across mice, humans, and primates, as well as those that vary. They also discuss
experimental approaches for studying human and primate retinal ganglion cells.
The cover image highlights one such approach, showing uman retinal ganglion cells
derived from an embryonic stem cell line, with retinal ganglion cell bodies in green
and axons in magenta. Photo credits: Kang-Chieh Huang and Mohamed Tawfik.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_1.txt,groundtruth,47_1.txt,"Retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the vertebrate retina, encode the visual
signals that fall onto their receptive fields in trains of action potentials. In this
issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Sören J. Zapp, Steffen Nitsche, and Tim Gollisch discuss how the substructure of
a cell’s receptive field—its nonlinear subunits and local temporal dynamics—shapes
the cell’s function and how this substructure can be analyzed with newly emerging
experimental and computational tools. The cover features a stained ganglion cell together
with a recorded spike train and a reconstructed layout of receptive field subunits,
whose shading represents the activation by the natural image depicted underneath.
Cover image by Sören J. Zapp and Tim Gollisch; reconstructed cell by Helene M. Schreyer
and Mohammad H. Khani; subunit layout from Liu et al. (2017), Nat. Commun. 8, 149.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_7.txt,multiBv1,45_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_388,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_388.png,B,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, in conjunction with Science's Special Issue on Cell Signaling, features an Editorial Guide, three Perspectives, and a Research Article that highlight the network properties of signaling pathways. The image is an artist's rendition of signaling networks rendered as electronic digital circuits and was inspired by the Research Article by Abdi et al. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_42.txt,ave_2,1_42.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Single Molecules contains an Editorial Guide as well as three Perspectives that discuss technical advances that allow cell signaling researchers to zoom in on individual molecules. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_388.txt,groundtruth,2007_388.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Cell Signaling, features 7 new or updated pathways in the Database of Cell Signaling, which are also briefly highlighted in the associated Editorial Guide. The image depicts an ""insider's view"" of cell signaling. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_407.txt,multiBv1,2007_407.txt,"COVER This week's issue introduces a new name, Science Signaling, and a new volume number to the Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, and features an  Editorial Guide on breakthroughs in cell signaling of 2007. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_1.png,A,Convolutional Neural Network for Sustainable Detection of Arsenic in Environmental Samples and Arsenic Albumin: An Innovative Artificial Intelligence Approach in Toxicology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Overexpression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Urothelial Cells and Urine Induced by Arsenic. See Article on pp 1934–1942. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2014_2.txt,sbert,2014_2.txt,Both Food (Diet) and Drinking Water (Dose) Contribute to Inorganic Arsenic Exposure in Pregnant Mice. A Purified Ingredient Diet (Shown Here in Green) Lowers Food’s Contribution to Cumulative Inorganic Arsenic Exposure and Improves Dosimetry for in Utero Exposures (Artwork Created at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2018_11.txt,allv2,2018_11.txt,Arsenic Biomethylation. See Perspective on pp 457–461. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2014_9.txt,multiBv1,2014_9.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_3.png,B,"On the cover: A kinase selectivity wheel depicted as a dart board with two targets
(p38 and CKId) “hit” by darts. The selectivity wheel displays the remaining kinase
activity (in percentages) of over 200 kinases in the presence of four clinically evaluated
p38 kinase inhibitors. Verkaar and colleagues (pp. 485–494) show that these p38 inhibitors
possess conserved cross-reactivity towards CKId, a kinase previously implicated in
Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Their work indicates that this cross-reactivity accounts
for the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling observed for many p38 inhibitors and
that p38 has been erroneously suggested to regulate Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction
based on experiments employing these inhibitors. Furthermore, their discovery suggests
that p38 inhibitors may be optimized to inhibit CKId in β-catenin-dependent disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/18_9.txt,ave_1,18_9.txt,"On the cover: Tang et al. uncover the interaction site and binding determinants for engagement of the IP3 receptor
(IP3R) by the alpha-helical BH4 domain of BCL-w. BCL-w BH4 targeting of IP3R modulates
calcium flux and protects neuronal axons from chemotherapy-induced degeneration. Lead
stapled BCL-w BH4 peptides are shown as shielding axons from the incoming threat,
thereby preventing peripheral neuropathy. Image credit: Eric Smith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Braun et al. (pp. 1325–1333) developed photoreactive stapled peptides
to harness the robust binding affinity and selectivity of natural peptide helices
for interactome discovery. The image depicts a ""matchbox car"" series of Stabilized
Alpha-Helix of BCL-2 domains (SAHBs) for capturing static and dynamic protein targets
and locating their sites of interaction. The cover art was created by Eric D. Smith
(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/17_1.txt,allv2,17_1.txt,"On the cover: Acetyl-CoA is a potent feedback regulator of pantothenate kinase 3 (Pank3)
activity. Acetyl-CoA (CPK) is shown bound to the regulatory/substrate binding site
on PanK3. The two domains of one monomer are shown as a surface profile in blue and
green and the contribution of the opposite monomer is shown in grey. The flexible
flap that covers the regulatory and substrate binding sites is shown as a semitransparent
surface with the secondary structure indicated. This flexible regulatory/substrate
binding site also binds small molecule PanK3 inhibitors and activators. The image
was created by MiKyung Yun and Joshua Stokes of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/17_5.txt,sbert,17_5.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2025_1.png,D,", first fabricating frameworks of hydrogel models by stereolithography and subsequently modifying the fabricated models with hydroxyapatite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,"The visual represents the groundbreaking fabrication of 3D polycaprolactone macrostructures by 3D electrospinning. Highlighted are the optimal parameters that enable the precise construction of uniform, hydrophilic scaffolds, suitable for enhanced cell penetration and growth",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,Microcontact printing matrix protein on hydrogels of variable stiffness is used for the capture of populations of mesenchymal stem cells. Perimeter stress in islands of mesenchymal stem cells promotes loss of the multipotent phenotype.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2015_9.txt,allv2,2015_9.txt,Morphology staining images of mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells cultured alongside electrospun fibers in 3D hydrogels. Cells grown alongside fibers extended numerous branchlike processes throughout the hydrogel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.png,A,"The cover of this issue refers to the new collection `Physics as a Human Endeavour’. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,multiBv1,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea of challenging gender stereotypes in physics. See Wade
Cover design: Neil Smith.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by the applications of physics techniques to study art and other cultural heritage. See Leona et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,train
Caner Cell,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/43_2.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lu et al. (pages 21–35) report that vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) directly and negatively regulates glioblastoma tumor cell invasion
by suppressing HGF-dependent MET phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. The cover
image depicts the opposing “yin and yang” nature of VEGF signaling. On one hand, murine
glioblastomas that overexpress VEGF are highly proliferative and angiogenic but with
well-defined, circumscribed borders (left side). At the opposite extreme, murine glioblastomas
deficient of VEGF are nonangiogenic, slower growing, but highly invasive (right side).
Tumor cells are red, blood vessels are green, and nuclei are blue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/22_6.txt,ave_3,22_6.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/43_1.txt,allv2,43_1.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_402,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_402.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Perspective describing how three proteins—an orphan glutamate receptor on the postsynaptic side, a cell adhesion protein on the presynaptic side, and a secreted soluble factor—act as a transsynaptic bridge at a major type of cerebellar synapse. [Image: Yana Hammond]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_136.txt,sbert,3_136.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that highlights research investigating the mechanisms that promote and resolve inflammation. A Research Article in this issue demonstrates how T cells that produce the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) affect cells of the central nervous system (CNS) in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). IL-17 causes activation of the kinase p38α in cells of the CNS, which leads to inflammation and demyelination of neurons. Disease severity in mice was reduced by blocking p38α signaling, which may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of MS. The image depicts the infiltration of the CNS by T cells (foreground) and the resulting demyelination of neurons. [Image: Val Altounian, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_366.txt,allv2,8_366.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on roles for Toll-like receptors in development of the central nervous system and in the response to neuronal injury. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_402.txt,groundtruth,2007_402.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the Toll-like receptor TLR2 in endothelial cells contributes to innate immune responses. The image shows endothelial cell–specific TLR2 staining in thymus tissue from reporter mice. [Image: McCoy et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_666.txt,multiBv1,14_666.txt,train
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_2.png,B,"In this issue:
This issue explores the many aspects of dentistry which require well researched evidence in order to support the day to day decisions made in dental practice.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"In this issue:
This issue covers an eclectic mix of evidence which highlights the enormous depth and diversity of knowledge and skill that it takes to be a practising dentist.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,ave_2,24_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,ave_3,25_4.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.png,B,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"Self-assembled micromachines
Mobile micromachines with advanced configurations and functions self-assembled through designed dielectrophoretic interactions between structural and motor units.
See Alapan et al and Bishop News & Views
IMAGE: Adrián Bago González. COVER DESIGN: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_2.txt,ave_2,18_2.txt,"Gear-based mechanical metamaterials
A design paradigm to create robust robotic metamaterials using versatile gear clusters is demonstrated. It enables intriguing programmability of elastic properties and shape while preserving stability for intelligent machines.
See Fang et al.
Image: Xin Fang, National University of Defense Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_5.txt,ave_3,21_5.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_4.png,B,"Amino acids will be observed remotely, the diffuse interstellar bands will be linked to molecular carriers, and direct spectral observations of exoplanetary atmospheres will produce clear chemical signals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,Resonance Raman signals from the amide and disulfide linkages provide invaluable insights into the secondary structural changes during the phase separation of soluble bovine insulin monomers to insoluble amyloid fibers. Illustration by Uttam Pal.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,allv2,2021_1.txt,The cover illustrates minimum energy pathways on the potential energy surface of the acylation reaction between β-lactams and class A β-lactamases (the contour map and dashed routes). The minimum energy pathways are learned by deep-learning models (the chip) which are then unboxed by a novel explainable artificial intelligence method to derived mechanistic insights into the reaction (the screen). (Creator: Dr. Zilin Song.),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_3.txt,sbert,2022_3.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_12.png,B,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Lignin refined
Recalcitrant C–C bonds in lignin limit the monomer yield of current depolymerization strategies that target labile C–O bonds. Now, Emiel Hensen and colleagues present a process based on a bifunctional Pt/zeolite catalyst that selectively cleaves common C–C linkages in lignins, resulting in substantially increased fuel yields from common lignin sources.
See Luo et al. and Subbotina & Samec
Image: Hassan Tahini, ScienceBrush Design. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,multiBv1,1_8.txt,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_1.png,A,"Cropland abandonment and biodiversity
Amidst continued cropland expansion in recent decades, substantial amounts of cropland area have been abandoned owing to various socioeconomic, demographic and technological factors. Crawford and colleagues examine how such cropland abandonment affects bird and mammal species at the landscape scale across four continents.
See Crawford et al.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Integrating livestock and wildlife
Globally, most wildlife live outside of protected areas, creating potential conflicts. Keesing et al. assess tradeoffs between management for wildlife and for livestock in an East African savannah (pictured), finding potential benefits from integrating the two.
See Keesing et al
Image: Felicia Keesing, Bard College. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_3.txt,sbert,1_3.txt,"Landscape-level conservation in India
Biodiversity conservation is crucial for promoting ecosystem services and human well-being, but often conservation efforts fail to protect most high priority zones. Srivathsa and colleagues show that safeguarding critical ecosystems in India (pictured) hinges on a mix of land sparing and land sharing.
See Srivathsa et al.
Image: Santosh Saligram / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/6_8.txt,multiBv1,6_8.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.png,B,"A polar supercrystal
Upon ultrafast irradiation, a (PbTiO3)/(SrTiO3) superlattice transforms into a complex supercrystal that contains periodicities of up to 30 nm in size and is stable in ambient. Creation and destruction, by heating, of the supercrystal is reversible.
See Stoica et al. and Gregg News & Views.
Image: Xiaoxing Cheng, Penn State. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_9.txt,ave_3,18_9.txt,"Moiré superlattices in twisted perovskites
Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites are realized, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shuchen Zhang, Purdue University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.txt,groundtruth,23_4.txt,"Phonon evolution with a twist
Raman measurements of twisted bilayer MoS2 as a function of twist angles, with theoretical support, reveal phonon renormalization in this moiré superlattice.
See Quan et al.
Image: Erik Zumalt, University of Texas at Austin, and Lukas Linhart, Vienna University of Technology. Cover Design:Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,"Growing tunable moirés
Two-dimensional structures with tunable moiré patterns, which display tunable interlayer excitons and moiré intralayer excitons, are achieved by epitaxial bottom-up growth.
See Fortin-Deschênes et al.
Image: Yihao Song and Matthieu Fortin-Deschênes, Yale University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_10.txt,multiBv1,23_10.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_412,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_412.png,A,"COVER This week features a  Review on the mechanisms by which the PAR1 and SIP1 receptors regulate endothelial adherens junction integrity. The image depicts an adherens junction. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_412.txt,groundtruth,2007_412.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Bosseboeuf et al. report that the barrier function and quiescent state of the endothelium are supported by the transmembrane protein NRP1. The image shows immunostaining for an endothelial cell-specific marker (cyan) and the adhesion molecule VCAM1 (red) in rings of descending aortae from mice with an endothelial cell–specific knockout of NRP1. Credit: Bosseboeuf et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_786.txt,allv2,16_786.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that uncovers differences in how two ligands interact with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–1, thereby explaining why only one ligand is strongly angiogenic. The image shows a blood vessel tree. [Image: Konstantin Inozemtsev/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_282.txt,ave_3,6_282.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article with an accompanying Perspective that highlights how the calcium-sensing protein STIM regulates endothelial barrier function. The image shows an artist's rendition of a blood vessel. [Image: Yana Hammond, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_267.txt,multiBv1,6_267.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.png,D,"Hardware-aware neural architecture search is a useful tool to design efficient in-memory computing hardware for deep-learning accelerators. The cover image highlights a successful combination. SeeKrestinskaya et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,"Human body digital twins can be created through the analysis and modelling of real physiological data coming from on-body sensors and medical devices. The cover image illustrates the duality between the real world and the virtual representation. See Occhipinti et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.png,D,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,multiBv1,2023_4.txt,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,groundtruth,2023_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.png,D,"Building a gut, inspired by the Review on p417
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_6.txt,multiBv1,19_6.txt,"Gut delivery, inspired by the Review on p219
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_9.txt,sbert,19_9.txt,"Gut cell atlas, inspired by the Roadmap on p597.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,val
Nature Nanotechnology,19_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.png,C,"The behaviour of water in nanopores is very different from that of bulk water. For example, water can spontaneously evaporate if it is confined in a sufficiently narrow hydrophobic nanopore. Now Zuzanna Siwy and co-workers have shown that a single hydrophobic nanopore in a PET membrane can undergo reversible wetting and dewetting under the influence of an applied electric field, as predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. The nanopores are made hydrophobic by treating them with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. The cover is a photograph of a water droplet (which measures approximately 2 mm across) on a PET surface that has been treated in this way to make it hydrophobic.
Article p798; News & Views p759
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/6_1.txt,ave_2,6_1.txt,"An important step towards scaling up lithographic nanofabrication is the development of resists that can be processed with innocuous chemicals, such as water. Fiorenzo Omenetto and co-workers report on the use of silk fibroin as a natural resist for electron-beam lithography and the development of a fabrication protocol that is all-water-based. Silk can be used either as a positive or negative resist and can also be functionalized with specific enzymes that retain their activity even after electron-beam exposure. The cover shows silk fibres and water droplets.
Letter p306; News & Views p251
BACKGROUND IMAGE: FIORENZO OMENETTO; WATER DROPLETS &copy; MURRAY CLARKE/ALAMY
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/9_9.txt,allv2,9_9.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,groundtruth,19_3.txt,"Nanotubes under wraps.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Nish  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.png,D,"We present a computational scheme, based on a time-dependent extension of noncollinear spin density functional theory, for the simultaneous simulation of charge and magnetization dynamics in molecular systems. The method is benchmarked against the low-frequency spin dynamics of the H–He–H molecule and the bimetallic Mn complex in the figure (BISDOW), where the magnetization dynamics resembles the classical magnetization precession of a Heisenberg–Dirac-van Vleck Hamiltonian. The arrows represent the instantaneous atomic magnetic moments evaluated from the spin density. See J. E. Peralta, O. Hod, and G. E. Scuseria, pp 3661–3668.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_5.txt,ave_3,2015_5.txt,"Simulation of absorptive and dispersive molecular response properties in heterogeneous environments has been accomplished by means of a hybrid quantum mechanics/capacitance molecular mechanics (QM/CMM) model and is here illustrated in terms of a solvated conjugated chromophore physisorbed on a gold surface. Being based on the complex polarization propagator (CPP) approach with treatment of the finite lifetime of the electronically excited states, the resulting method is applicable to nonresonance and resonance spectroscopies in both UV",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2016_7.txt,multiBv1,2016_7.txt,A new computational method to study electronic spectroscopy and photoinduced dynamics in molecular aggregates in the condensed phase: Ad-Md|gLVC combines classical Molecular Dynamics and wavepacket quantum dynamics to investigate the impact of thermal fluctuations of the aggregate and the solvent on the vibronic dynamics on the coupled excitonic and charge-transfer states.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,train
Med,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_10.png,B,"On the cover: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is on the WHO “priority pathogen” list of infectious agents in urgent need of new
therapeutic venues. Phage therapy could overcome some of the current limitations of
antimicrobial treatments. In this issue of Med, Onallah et al. (pp. 600–611) report the largest to date compassionate use case series
using a single phage in patients with non-resolving P. aeruginosa infections. The authors report positive clinical outcomes in 85% of patients with
limited adverse events, suggesting that use of their PASA16 phage could be beneficial
in patients with P. aeruginosa infections who have failed traditional treatments. Cover credit: Ran Nir-Paz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_4.txt,sbert,4_4.txt,"On the cover: While psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promise in treating
depression, previous studies often excluded people with complex presentations. In
this issue of Med, Rosenblat et al. aimed to determine whether PAP could be feasible and beneficial in complex cases
of treatment-resistant depression as part of major depressive or bipolar II disorder
without psychosis or a substance use disorder, and those with baseline suicidality
and significant comorbidity. The authors found PAP to be safe and effective, and repeated
doses showed stronger benefits, suggesting further research is warranted to explore
this treatment option for harder-to-treat populations. Cover art from PM Images/Stone
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,multiBv1,3_3.txt,"On the Cover: In our continued efforts to keep bringing awareness to the complex intersection
of sex and gender on health, this special issue of Med is dedicated to the International Day of Action for Women’s Health. We focus on sex
and gender as multifaceted factors that influence all aspects of clinical and translational
research, starting from sex differences in animal model pathophysiology to the effects
of societal norms related to the gender spectrum on clinical outcomes. Our authors
reflect on inequities in education, funding, and policies, and advocate for the urgent
need for an inclusive, forward-thinking approach to build more equitable global medicine
systems. Cover by Salvatore Fabbiano, adapted from DrAfter123/DigitalVision Vectors
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_5.png,C,"Genetic studies of natural adaptations, such as butterfly wing patterns, are now addressing
questions that date back to the beginning of evolutionary biology. Accumulating evidence
shows that single loci, and in some cases single mutations, often have major effects
on phenotype. This implies that discontinuous evolution, with rapid changes in phenotype,
may frequently occur in natural populations. Furthermore, convergent evolution commonly
involves the same genes. This implies a surprising predictability underlying the genetic
basis of evolutionary changes. However, on pages 484–492 of this issue, Nadeau and
Jiggins argue that we still understand little of the genetic changes that are involved
in the origin of entirely novel traits. The cover image shows a mating pair of the
polymorphic species Heliconius ismenius. Photo credit: Chris Jiggins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/26_2.txt,allv2,26_2.txt,"Population genetic models typically show a paradigm of slow molecular evolution; however,
more recent studies have painted a different picture showing that phenotypic traits
can often change dramatically over the course of only a few generations. On pages
408–418 in this issue, Messer et al. report on how new techniques and research in understanding rapid evolution are helping
to refine current population genetic models. The cover image shows variation among
chiclid fish. Image courtesy of iStockPhoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_6.txt,multiBv1,32_6.txt,"Due to their astonishing phenotypic diversity and amenability to
genetic analysis and functional experimentation, monkeyflowers provide an excellent
platform to probe the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic evolution. In this issue,
Yao-Wu Yuan and colleagues discuss various ""unusual suspects"" for the molecular
basis of phenotypic variation, revealed by recent studies in a wide range of organisms
including monkeyflowers. Illustration by Bianca T. Ferreira.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_5.txt,groundtruth,40_5.txt,"Computational developments in evolutionary genomics have enabled researchers to scan
the genome for loci of recent positive selection. While these developments allow for
a better understanding of human evolutionary history, they also have the potential
to uncover racially inscribed adaptations that can provoke controversy. On pages 137–145
of this edition, Vitti et al. discuss the ethical issues surrounding the use of genomic
technology to further natural selection research in humans. The cover depicts a human
phylogeny, zoomed in at the point of divergence into continental subpopulations (European,
Asian, African), and highlights several known genetic adaptations in orange, and one
unknown adaptation in orange. Image by Sigrid Knemeyer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/28_10.txt,sbert,28_10.txt,val
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_1.png,C,"A novel photoacoustic imaging technology is explored to potentially reveal lithium dendrite growth process, a critical issue leading to short circuit and even explosion of lithium metal batteries. The results suggest that photoacoustic imaging can be a powerful tool to provide the insight into the formation of dendrites through high-resolution, high-contrast, and three-dimensional visualization of lithium protrusions. The work demonstrated herein may open up new avenues for the investigation of the safety hazards of lithium metal batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,Graphite-SiOx electrodes with a biopolymeric binder for Li-ion batteries: Predicting cycle life performance from porosity and resistance. Image Credit OpenAI.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2023_13.txt,ave_2,2023_13.txt,"Understanding the growth mechanism of Li dendrites near pits is essential for improving battery performance, contributing to greater safety and efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The water addition in aprotic Li-O2 batteries has been a controversial subject with misaligned results derived from many different practices in cell design and operation that are difficult to grasp for a wider audience. In this Review, we create a deeper analysis with a rational comparison of key aspects for the battery research and explain the origin of such wider results.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2022_5.txt,ave_3,2022_5.txt,test
Nature Reviews Materials,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_10.png,A,"Microscale robots' unique active motion enables their precise navigation in different aqueous biological or environmental media. The image shows an artist’s impression of microrobots using photocatalysis to degrade chemical and biological warfare agents for environmental remediation. See Chen C. et al
Cover image: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Centrifugal and shear forces induced by rotary motion can alter chemical reactivity, materials synthesis and self-organization behavior, enabling new types of chemical experimentation. The cover image is a photograph of a spinning multiphase reactor. See Bartosz Grzybowski et al.
Image: Olgierd Cybulski. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_8.txt,sbert,7_8.txt,"The biointerface established by vertical nanoprobes—arrays of vertical high-aspect-ratio nanostructures—is a simple, controllable and powerful tool for interrogating and manipulating cells. The cover shows a colored electron microscopy image of a single cell on nanoneedles. See Roey Elnathan et al.
Image: Ciro Chiappini and Cong Wang. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,"Light can initiate chemistries with high spatial and temporal control. In this Review, photoresponsive biomaterials developed for controlled drug delivery and complex tissue engineering are investigated with a focus on photochemistries that provide dynamic precision.
See Emily R. Ruskowitz &amp; Cole A. DeForest 3, 17087 (2018).
Cole A. DeForest",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/3_11.txt,multiBv1,3_11.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_5.png,D,"The exciton-polaritons formed using carbon nanotube field effect transistors strongly coupled to an optical microcavity can sustain electrical pumping under high current densities.
Article p911; News & Views p877
IMAGE: YURIY ZAKHARKO, HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_4.txt,ave_3,16_4.txt,"High-rate nanofluidic energy absorption
Porous materials can absorb energy by water infiltration, but studies at industrially relevant high-rate intrusions are rare. Here, high-rate experiments are performed on ZIFs showing high energy storage capacity, while molecular simulations allow design rules to be formulated for absorption materials.
See Sun et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_6.txt,ave_2,20_6.txt,"Organic molecules encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes tune the electronic conduction properties.
Cover design by Nicky Perry.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"Enhanced transport through metallic carbon nanotubes
Extreme confinement of water and ions within nanofluidic channels gives rise to unusual transport phenomena. Here the authors investigate how electronic properties of carbon nanotube porins influence the transport efficiency of water and ions.
See Li et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_5.txt,groundtruth,23_5.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_11.png,C,"ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers play a critical role in regulating
chromatin architecture. Recent advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM)
have shed new light on how different classes of remodelers interact with and affect
the
nucleosome. On pages 41–50, Markert and Luger discuss salient features of remodelernucleosome
interactions and how these interactions regulate remodeler activity. The cover,
designed by the authors, reveals the importance of chromatin remodelers, as RNAPII
(PDB
5IY6) can elongate on free DNA while the remodeler BAF (PDB 6LTJ) slides the nucleosome
(PDB 1ZBB) out of the way.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/46_12.txt,ave_2,46_12.txt,"The formation of amyloid fibers is a hallmark of amyloid disorders. However, fiber
load and disease correlate poorly, which has led many to consider fibers as secondary
to the onset of cellular dysfunction. Instead, soluble intermediates of amyloid assembly
are often described as the agents of toxicity. On pages 719–727, Sheena Radford and
colleagues discuss recent experimental discoveries that suggest that amyloid fibers
are disease-relevant species that can mediate a range of pathological processes. A
greater understanding of amyloid fiber biology could enhance prospects of developing
therapeutic interventions against this devastating class of protein misfolding disorders.
Cover image courtesy of Sheena Radford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/40_1.txt,allv2,40_1.txt,"The aberrant accumulation of amyloid structures is the underlying cause
of severe human diseases. However, the amyloid fold also plays a role in executing
specific biological functions. In the pages 119−133 of this issue, Garcia-Pardo and
Ventura discuss how the recent cryo-EM resolution revolution has enabled deciphering
the molecular intricacies of ribonucleoprotein amyloids, providing clues to rationalize
the dual involvement of this fold in normal protein function and disease pathology.
The cover art was designed by Dr. Javier Garcia-Pardo (@J_GarciaPardo) and Prof.
Dr. Salvador Ventura, and showcases a human brain, assembled from cryo-EM map
sections of hnRNPDL-2 amyloid fibrils (PDB 7ZIR) (@PPMC_UAB). Image from Ella
Maru Studio (@Ella_Maru).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_11.txt,groundtruth,49_11.txt,"Disordered proteins are closely linked to a variety of human diseases, in particular
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease). Biochemical studies suggest that many would
be therapeutically useful drug targets, but disordered proteins have been considered
‘untargetable’ because no small molecules have been shown to bind them tightly. An
Opinion article by Michele Vendruscolo and colleagues suggests, on pages 491–496 of
this issue, that these special proteins require a different approach: looking for
small molecules that will increase disorder. Cover image courtesy of iStockphoto/dp_photo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/40_4.txt,ave_3,40_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.png,D,"A novel aptasensor utilizing gold nanoparticles for enhanced peroxidase-mimicking activity in cost-effective, rapid, and user-friendly LDL-C detection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_14.txt,sbert,2024_14.txt,"This picture shows energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping of a copper nanocube (red) with a gold seed (green) in the interior. With the use of gold spheres of 5 nm diameter, one can produce copper nanocubes as a uniform sample, together with edge lengths controllable down to 20 nm. Because of the mismatch in the lattice constant between copper and gold and thus the involvement of an asymmetric growth mode, the gold seed is not positioned in the center of the nanocube. The copper nanocubes are expected to find use in catalysis and plasmonics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_10.txt,allv2,2019_10.txt,"A dynamic interplay of reaction trajectories on the synthesis landscape: Guiding gold and silica trajectories to intersect results in Au@mSiO2 nanoparticles that exhibit plasmonic heating capabilities, bridging nanoscale precision with macroscopic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,"Gold nanoclusters embedded in cross-linked lysozyme crystals exhibit enzyme activity that depends on available diffusion channels and solvent accessibility. When the morphology allows efficient diffusion, gold nanoclusters with lysozyme can serve as tandem catalysts, functioning as both peroxidase and hydrolytic enzymes, showcasing their potential in diverse catalytic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_1.png,C,"Nanoscale nematicity
High-temperature superconductor Fe(Te,Se) transitions to an electronic nematic phase that breaks rotation symmetry of the lattice near the composition where the superconducting transition temperature reaches its peak. Scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals that this transition is characterized by the emergence of nanoscale nematic regions. These regions, observed as unidirectional modulations portrayed in the image, show a surprising suppression of superconductivity.
See Zhao et al.
Image: He Zhao, Boston College. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_5.txt,ave_3,17_5.txt,"Light-induced anomalous Hall effect
A transient topological response in graphene is driven by a short pulse of light. When the Fermi energy is in the predicted band gap the Hall conductance is around two conductance quanta. An ultrafast detection technique enables the measurement.
See Cavalleri et al.
Image: Denis Aumiller. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_12.txt,allv2,16_12.txt,"No heat flow in ground-state graphene
The ground state of electrons in undoped graphene at high magnetic field is still not fully known. Measurements of thermal conductance could help to differentiate between the various theoretically proposed candidates. Delagrange et al. report such measurements and find that the thermal conductivity is vanishingly small, in contradiction to many of the predictions.
See Delagrange et al.
Image: Francois Parmentier, SPEC – CNRS UMR3680. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Dimensional reduction in graphite
The quantum Hall effect is thought to exist only in two-dimensional materials. Here, transport measurements show that thin graphite slabs have a 2.5-dimensional version, with a parity effect for samples with odd and even number of layers.
See Mishchenko et al.
Image: Artem Mishchenko, the University of Manchester. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_8.txt,ave_2,15_8.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_8.png,D,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,Self-assembled monolayers on gold with water are imaged using an atomic force microscope where a laser tracks the cantilever as it scans the surface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"The cover depicts the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy characterization of thin-film FeO/Au(100). A laser is confined to the tip-sample junction with the silver tip extremely close to the FeO, which induces the enhanced Raman signal. This research unveils a gateway to the chemical probing of thin-film oxide materials at the nanoscale.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,test
Nature Synthesis,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_8.png,A,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,ave_1,3_9.txt,"Green ammonia synthesis
Ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch reaction produces approximately 1% of the world’s CO2 emissions, leading to intensive research to find more sustainable routes. This Focus issue overviews recent progress and challenges in green ammonia synthesis, looking at catalyst synthesis, resource allocation and different synthetic routes to produce green ammonia.
The cover image depicts an Article that describes the synthesis of core–shell nanocrystals with tunable single-atom alloy layers as electrocatalysts for green ammonia production.
See Gao et al.
Image: Xue Han, Huiyuan Zhu & Qiang Gao, University of Virginia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,"Strike a pose
Substrate docking into molecular-dynamics-simulated structures of enzyme variants is used to guide the design of mutations, which increases enantioselectivity in a C–H oxidation reaction by disfavouring binding poses leading to the unwanted enantiomer. This enzyme engineering approach enables selective oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds in cyclic amines to deliver high-value alcohol products for drug discovery and synthetic applications.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Yuan Zhang, Jeremy Robertson and Luet L. Wong, University of Oxford. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_1.txt,multiBv1,1_1.txt,train
Molecular Cell,85_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_2.png,B,"On the cover: The genome of higher eukaryotes is compartmentalized into topologically
associating domains (TADs). Li et al. (pp. 216–231) show that this organization is
plastic and can be rapidly altered when cells are exposed to temperature stress. The
cartoon depicts the TAD organization of cells grown at normal temperature (top) and
after temperature stress (bottom). Increased signal in the bottom TADs indicates the
presence of long-range inter-TAD interactions. Cover design by Jorge G. Corces.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/58_5.txt,sbert,58_5.txt,"On the cover: This special issue explores emerging ideas about patterns in molecular
biology, highlighting connections across different molecular processes and their collective
contribution to the function of the cell. The cover shows the patterned organization
of DNA and chromatin into higher-order structures superimposed on the fractal architecture
of the fiddlehead fern, with chromosome territories enlarging from spores originating
in the fern’s leaves. Cover artwork by Sonhita Chakraborty (artbysonhita.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_2.txt,groundtruth,85_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Chen et al. probe the 3D structure of the human SOX9 locus during differentiation. Pronounced changes in locus topology can be observed
between cell types. These ensemble-average differences arise through changes in the
frequency of commonly sampled structures. This is akin to a dance, where an overlapping
set of movements or steps arranged distinctly can result in different dances. The
image depicts these dynamic DNA structures as dancers, with two groups of dancers
representing two different cell types. Artwork: Mesa Schumacher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_16.txt,allv2,83_16.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Molecular Cell, Newton et al. (pp. 3533–3545) reveal how DNA topology regulates Cas9 off-target
activity. Using single-molecule microscopy, NGS, and live-cell editing, they show
that negative DNA supercoiling increases Cas9 off-target activity across the human
genome. In the same way that they were able to manipulate and unwind individual DNA
molecules, the artwork depicts two hands untwisting the DNA, exposing a Cas9 off-target
site. This beautiful illustration is brought to life by the Dotted Leafs art team
with Matt Newton's and David Rueda's assistance.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/83_6.txt,multiBv1,83_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_1.png,B,"As billions of cells die during mammalian embryogenesis and daily in adult organisms, it is essential to clear dead cells and cellular debris for tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and organismal health. Read the Review by Green, Heckmann and colleagues to learn about efferocytosis, the phagocytosis of dead and dying cells.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,"‘Growing old’, inspired by this Focus issue on cell senescence. Cell senescence — a state of irreversible cell-growth arrest — has important physiological functions and is a key driver of ageing. The articles in this issue explore the molecular mechanisms that induce cell senescence, functional consequences for surrounding tissues, emerging therapies to counteract senescent-associated diseases, and recommendations for identifying senescent cells.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"'Senescence' by Vicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p482.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/15_6.txt,sbert,15_6.txt,"‘Happy ageing’, inspired by the new article series on molecular ageing and the Review on p421 .
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_12.png,A,"The Swiss cheese model was originally proposed to show how hazards
can pass through system defense failures or ‘holes within the cheese.’ In this issue,
Teran et al. use the Swiss cheese model to frame how tumor-promoting mechanisms
promote the development, maintenance, and progression of glioblastoma by finding
‘holes’ in multilayered homeostatic defenses. Image designed by Ashley Durand and
reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_12.txt,groundtruth,10_12.txt,"Tumor–stroma interactions are well known to drive tumor progression, metastasis, and
drug resistance. However, it can be difficult to model these interactions accurately
and easily. While studies performed in 2D models are affordable and accessible, they
are unable to recapitulate the complexity and dynamic interactions of the tumor microenvironment.
Meanwhile, animal models are expensive, and it can be challenging to assess human-specific
events. 3D in vitro models are bridging this gap and can be used to improve drug discovery and personalized
cancer treatments. In this issue, Rodrigues et al. (pages 249–264) review current 3D in vitro models for studying interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Cover image courtesy
of gettyimages/oxygen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_12.txt,sbert,7_12.txt,"Technological advances that enable a quantitative view of the key processes in tumorigenesis
have served as a powerful means to investigate biological phenomena more comprehensively
in experimentally relevant ways. In this special issue, we present how a quantitative
understanding of cancer can provide deeper insight and how recognizing the importance
of both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms may hold the key to fully comprehend how
cancer arises and progresses. As well, we highlight mechanisms of resistance that
will ultimately play a role in designing better therapeutics. The cover depicts how
mathematical modeling and computational analysis help discern cancer behavior across
multiple biological scales in space and time. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/andriyonufriyenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_10.txt,allv2,7_10.txt,"Tumor vasculature (also referred to as perivascular niche) functions as a signaling
hub that can impact on tumor evolution and therapy response. In this issue, Nowosad
et al. review how the perivascular niche promotes cancer stemness, immune evasion, dormancy,
and metastatic spreading. The cover image draws inspiration from the Greek myth of
the Lernaean Hydra. In a modern context, this myth metaphorically aligns with the
intricate landscape of intratumor heterogeneity. The image showcases diverse snakes,
symbolizing the various tumor subpopulations characterized by distinct identities.
These subpopulations expand within the network of blood vessels (represented in red)
that are structured with different cell types. Similar to the Hydra's many heads presenting
a formidable challenge, the complex interplay of cancer populations residing within
these meticulously organized perivascular niches presents a puzzle that needs to be
unraveled. Cover conceptualization by Panagiotis Karras and Ada Nowosad. Cover art
and design by Ola Kwiecin´ska (Olamaloú).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/9_2.txt,multiBv1,9_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_42,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.png,A,"Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_42.txt,groundtruth,2024_42.txt,"The cycloaddition of CO2 into epoxides (CCE) is studied as a biogas upgrader. Based on the kinetics of the CCE reaction and other parameters, the process is considered to be commercially viable.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M. F. Stragliotto et al., “Optimization of UV-Induced Graft Polymerization of Acrylic Acid on Polypropylene Films Using CdS as Light Sensor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04526); M. Shibayama et al., “Gels: From Soft Matter to BioMatter” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04614); A. N. Matveyeva et al., “Fluidized-Bed Isobutane Dehydrogenation over Alumina-Supported Ga2O3 and Ga2O3–Cr2O3 Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04571); and L. S. White et al., “Fabrication of Mechanically Strong Honeycombs with Aerogel Cores” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04058).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_48.txt,sbert,2018_48.txt,"A novel type of photocatalyst-immobilized gel bead with interconnected macropores, which is designed and fabricated with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as the photocatalysts and calcium alginate as the gel matrix, is successfully developed for the efficient removal of pollutants in water via visible photocatalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_28.txt,allv2,2021_28.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_3.png,B,"Polycystic ovary syndrome crosses generations
Polycystic ovary syndrome affects up to 17% of women of reproductive age and is associated with reduced fertility, type 2 diabetes and other detrimental health effects. In this issue, Stenor-Victorin and colleagues show that daughters of women with this syndrome are at five times greater risk of developing the disease. Prenatal exposure to androgen hormones, not obesity during pregnancy, may be the culprit of this transgenerational effect.
See: Stenor-Victorin and colleagues
Image credit: Agnes Zingmark and Mattias Karlen. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_1.txt,multiBv1,25_1.txt,"Unidirectional risk effects of clonal hematopoiesis on atherosclerosis
In this issue, Fuster and colleagues find that clonal hematopoiesis confers an increased risk of atherosclerosis. The cover highlights the finding that atherosclerosis, in turn, does not affect the risk of clonal hematopoiesis, indicative of a unidirectional effect.
See Fuster et al.
Image: Rosa Moro, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_3.txt,groundtruth,30_3.txt,"In this issue (p 74), Hyung Chun and his coworkers uncover an apelin–miRNA–fibroblast growth factor signaling axis in endothelial cells that is disrupted in pulmonary arterial hypertension. The cover shows a remodeled pulmonary blood vessel from an individual with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Red, smooth muscle actin; cyan, von Willebrand factor; blue, DAPI.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/19_12.txt,sbert,19_12.txt,"The premalignant mutational landscape of AML
Studying a cohort of women who were healthy at study baseline but eventually developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during follow-up, Pinkal Desai and colleagues(p1015) find that specific somatic mutations impacting the risk of developing disease can be detected years before the clinical diagnosis. Benjamin Ebert discusses the implications of this study and a related manuscript in Nature by Liran Shlush and colleagues in a News & Views(p904). The cover depicts a conceptual representation of the passage of time and transformation of normal cells into leukemia.
See Desai et al. and News & Views by Ebert
Image: cybrain / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/24_6.txt,allv2,24_6.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.png,A,"Functional precision medicine
In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients.
See De La Rocha et al.
Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt,groundtruth,30_9.txt,"Pancreatic cancer biomarkers
In this issue, Shi, Jin, Yin, Fang, Chen, Shen and colleagues use proteomic data to identify biomarkers of the response to adjuvant chemotherapy and develop a prognostic risk model for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The cover depicts a pancreas compass with the needles symbolizing biomarkers, illustrating the potential for optimizing treatment management for patients with pancreatic cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Baiyong Shen, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.txt,multiBv1,30_10.txt,"Focus on Cancer Therapy
Reducing the burden of cancer remains a critical global health challenge. Ahead of the 2019 meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research, we bring our readers a special Focus on Cancer Therapy that highlights opportunities and challenges in our understanding of the disease, the development of new therapeutic approaches and the need for improved care and early diagnosis. The cover image is an artistic rendition of the combination of multiplex immunofluorescence and CyTOF analyses of glioblastoma samples from patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, reported by Rob Prins and colleagues in this issue.
Image credit: Aaron Mochizuki. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_10.txt,sbert,25_10.txt,"In this issue, we are proud to feature a collection of reviews on targeted cancer therapies (pp 1380–1464). Cover image: Plato's Cave by Katie Merz (katiemerz.com).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.png,C,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,ave_2,6_11.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,test
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.png,C,"Inhalation toxicity testing primarily relies on rodent testing, highlighting the lack of reliable and validated lung cell models. To enhance the predictive power of lung cell models, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework can be applied. This framework causally links sequences of key events (KEs) from a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome in animals. We summarize the current state of art in endpoint analysis in the two systems with a focus on inflammatory-induced effects and provide some guidance for future research directions to improve the alignment.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,A stylized portrait of Steve Hecht overlaying some of his landmark toxicological publications on tobacco.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2023_9.txt,allv2,2023_9.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Systems Toxicology Approach for Testing Chemical Cardiotoxicity in Larval Zebrafish. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_3.txt,multiBv1,2020_3.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_5.png,C,"In an Opinion article in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Johnson, Stecher, and colleagues propose a new hypothesis for Parkinson's disease
pathogenesis. The authors posit that the factors that contribute to neurodegeneration
can be divided into three categories: ‘triggers’, that spark, like a fire starter,
the disease process in the brain or peripheral tissues; ‘facilitators’, fan the flame,
spreading the disease to significantly impact the central nervous system; and ‘aggravators’
that spur further neurodegeneration and exacerbate symptoms. It is suggested that
these factors play roles at different stages of the disease, implying that medical
interventions need to be disease-stage specific and personalized to maximize the chances
of effectively modifying the course of the disease. Cover image by iStock/josefkubes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/42_12.txt,sbert,42_12.txt,"Myelination is crucial for proper brain development and functioning. In this issue,
Thomas Forbes and Vittorio Gallo discuss how environmental stimuli impact programs
governing myelination during development and across the lifespan. Recent technological
advances present new opportunities to study developmental myelination and white matter
plasticity in adulthood. The ability of extrinsic cues to influence myelin plasticity
can potentially be harnessed to promote functional recovery from injury and disease.
Cover image by iStock/Ron_Thomas.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/40_4.txt,allv2,40_4.txt,"Childhood and adolescence represent periods of particular vulnerability
for air pollution neurotoxicity. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Megan Herting,
Katherine Bottenhorn, and Devyn Cotter discuss the routes whereby air pollution may
reach the brain, and review neurodevelopmental processes impacted by exposure.
They highlight the need for further mechanistic studies, as well as longitudinal analyses
in large and diverse participant samples, including individuals from groups that face
disproportionate exposures and have been historically underrepresented in biomedical
research. Image credits: Chris Madden / Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_5.txt,groundtruth,47_5.txt,"Dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in various cognitive
functions. Intriguingly, dopamine axons grow from the nucleus accumbens to the prefrontal
cortex during adolescence – the only clearly-established case of adolescent long-distance
axon growth. This growth is coordinated by molecular guidance cues, including Netrin-1
and its receptors. In a Review in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Daniel Hoops
and Cecilia Flores discuss the mechanisms of dopamine axon growth during adolescence,
and their links to genetic and environmental factors that impact prefrontal cortex
development. Cover image by iStock/TEXTUREW.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/40_1.txt,ave_2,40_1.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_9.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Waas et al. develop an accessible, low-input proteomics platform called DROPPS. The cover image
is an artistic rendering of the proteomics platform where the disco balls, generated
from heatmaps, represent cellular heterogeneity. Image credit: Matthew Waas, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Poovathingal et al. present Nova-ST, an open-source sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics workflow.
The cover illustrates a spatial imprint of captured transcripts by Nova-ST from the
mouse brain. The illustration below the brain section represents an electron micrograph
of the repurposed Illumina Novaseq sequencing chip. Cover design by Duygu Koldere
Vilain (designosome.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Han et al. present multicolor expansion stimulated emission
depletion (ExSTED), an imaging method based on small-molecule organic probes (SMOPs)
that enables nanometer-scale resolution of cellular structures. The cover image shows
a color-coded xy maximum intensity projection of a U2OS cell stained with a SMOP for
actin and imaged with a confocal microscope after expansion. Image credit: Yubing
Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_4.txt,sbert,3_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Sakamoto et al. develop a semi-automated platform for synthesis of fluorogenic probes that can detect
enzyme activities in the blood at a single-molecule level. The activity-based screening
identifies candidate biomarkers for pancreatic tumors at early stages. In the cover
image, the bloodstream and the enzymes are depicted by the river and the fireflies,
respectively. The background shows the images of synthesized probes and the enzyme
activity assay. Cover art: Dr. Ryo Tachibana, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
The University of Tokyo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_12.txt,multiBv1,4_12.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_1.png,C,"A highly active electrocatalyst based on Earth-abundant metals is reported, which is capable of catalyzing both half reactions of the water-splitting, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2020_21.txt,sbert,2020_21.txt,"The development of robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is vital for promoting the hydrogen generation. We demonstrate a facile synthesis of NiFe-hydroxide nanosheets attached on Ni3N nanoparticle-assembled nanosheet hybrids, which exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic activity and stability towards both the OER and UOR. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2021_15.txt,ave_3,2021_15.txt,"The cover feature shows a metal-free, phosphorous-doped (P-doped) graphene-based electrocatalyst for the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The 3D graphene sheet represents the P-doped graphene surface of the electrode that participates as an electrocatalyst in the OER converting water into dioxygen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,This work sheds light on the promotion of OER activity by oxalate ligands on bimetallic sulfide surfaces and provides a sustainable route to develop efficient nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for basic oxygen evolution.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_8.png,A,"Illuminating digital cells on a microscopic stage.
A detailed digital reconstruction of an animal cell receiving light cast from afar. This represents the transformation of cells from microscopy images into a form suitable for accurate optical modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation.
Image: John Ball, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health. Adapted from Lauri Purhonen, Sketchfab, under a Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_8.txt,groundtruth,19_8.txt,"Emulating physiological T-cell activation.
Scanning electron micrograph of a dense cluster of T cells interacting with artificial antigen-presenting cell scaffolds (pseudocolored).
See Zhang et al.
Image: David Zhang. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_10.txt,multiBv1,15_10.txt,"Ten-day-old chicken embryo imaged with a mesoSPIM light-sheet microscope
A ten-day-old chicken embryo cleared using benzyl benzoate and imaged using a mesoSPIM light-sheet microscope with axially swept excitation. Neurofilament is shown in green and autofluorescence in magenta.
See Dean et al.
Image: Martina Schaettin and Fabian Voigt, University of Zurich. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_4.txt,allv2,17_4.txt,"Whole-mouse imaging at the cellular level
Nanobody(VHH)-boosted 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (vDISCO) enables the labelling of single cells in intact animals or whole organs. The cover shows a vDISCO image of a whole mouse where individual metastatic cells (magenta), bones and organs (cyan) and muscles (yellow) are labelled via nanobodies.
See Cai et al.
Image: Ali Ertürk, Helmholtz Munich. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_9.txt,ave_2,18_9.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.png,D,"During development, neurons migrate along glial fibers to take their place within the cortical layers. Hatten and colleagues show that overexpression of mPar6α disrupts the coordinated cytoskeletal mechanisms that enable this migration. The cover image shows young cerebellar granule cells migrating along Bergmann glia fibers. The centrosome and nuclei are labeled with dynein intermediate chain (red), and the perinuclear microtubule cage is marked with beta-tubulin (green). In the migrating neurons, the centrosome is positioned forward of the nucleus. Image rendered by Nick Didkovsky. pp 1169 and 1195",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/7_2.txt,ave_3,7_2.txt,"Multimodal neural recordings
This cover features an electrode -- Neuro-FITM (flexible, insertable, and transparent microelectrode) – walking through a gallery of brain images (wide-field imaging) while listening to the audio guide, trying to understand the meaning of the artworks (brain activity). The transparent clothes of the electrode represent the high transparency of Neuro-FITM.
See Liu et al
Image credit: Kexin Jiang. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/24_7.txt,ave_2,24_7.txt,"Sculpting the brain during pregnancy
In this issue, Pritschet and colleagues offer a detailed map of a female human brain across gestation. Pronounced changes in gray and white matter demonstrate the brain’s capacity for extensive remodeling well into adulthood, paralleling the steep rise in hormone production. Reminiscent of sculpting marble, pregnancy is a transformative period of honing and refinement within the brain.
See Pritschet et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio . Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_2.txt,allv2,27_2.txt,"Mothers’ neuroplasticity at peripartum and childbirth.
During gestation, childbirth, and the postpartum period, dynamic cortical plasticity occurs in mothers’ brains. Paternina-Die, Martínez-García et al. show decreased cortical thickness during pregnancy, which attenuates after birth. In the cover image, the mantle enveloping the mother with child symbolizes the cortical mantle, and the shape of the woman’s brain resembles a baby, serving as a metaphor for the maternal brain. The pixelation overlaying the baby and the background recreates the MRI voxels. The central figure in the image portrays Dr Paternina-Die, who herself became a first-time mother during the completion of this study.
See Paternina-Die, Martínez-García, et al.
Image and cover design: Susana Carmona. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.txt,groundtruth,27_11.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.png,D,This work reveals an epitaxy-like conversion reaction mechanism through electrochemical intercalation chemistry. This illustration depicts the self-evolved robust layer-interlaced nanostructure of an R3m-type bismuth electrode for hosting chlorine.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.txt,multiBv1,2024_18.txt,"Orthogonally oriented dimeric systems demonstrate exceptionally exiguous excitonic communication owing to the negligible contributions from long-range Coulombic and short-range charge-transfer-mediated excitonic couplings as evaluated by exploiting computational and spectroscopic methods, materializing Kasha's null exciton in the ever-versatile pentacene chromophore.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_12.txt,sbert,2020_12.txt,Tuning acid/base electrochemistry via hydrophobicity and electric fields.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_34.txt,allv2,2024_34.txt,"This study shows an interfacial electric-field-induced prototropic tautomerization reaction in an enzymatic-like nanopocket created by the atomically sharp gold electrodes using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The mechanistic studies revealed a proton relay-assisted tautomerization, showing the importance of external factors, like solvent, in electric-field-driven reactions. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,test
Biophysical Reports,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_3.png,C,"On the cover: Mem3DG (Membrane Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry) is based on
discrete differential geometry that bridges smooth and discrete surface theory. We
utilize this framework to model the cycle of vesicular budding driven by protein aggregation.
The schematics ends with a shadow from a floating metallic ring, which symbolizes
the realization of the mathematical theory by using 3D computer simulation. The contrast
between the smooth fluid membrane and polygonal cage highlights the idea of formulating
differential equations on a triangulated mesh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"On the cover: In silico model of the neuroepithelium surface of a zebrafish embryo at 24 h post-fertilization.
To build the model, Chang-Gonzalez et al. (pp. 1–13) developed a program that takes
3D image stacks and progressively constructs and refines beads-on-chain models that
capture the neuroepithelium surface. Arrows point to outward normal, and their colors
represent measured local curvature, where red and blue denote convex and concave,
respectively. The hierarchical refinement approach makes the model-building procedure
tolerant to noises in images, and the method is applicable to images obtained from
different imaging modality.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"On the cover: Tetraspanin proteins (TSPANs) are found in all cell types and are involved in functions
like cell adhesion, membrane fusion, and cancer metastasis, mainly through their ability
to form higher-order structures. Their assembly depends on membrane concentration,
which can increase in curved membranes for some tetraspanins because of their sensitivity
to membrane curvature. To understand how different parts of the protein contribute
to its assembly and curvature sensitivity, micropipette aspiration combined with confocal
microscopy and optical tweezers was used. The illustration depicts a vesicle containing
TSPAN4 proteins held in a micropippete, with a membrane tube pulled from it by using
an optically trapped bead. Upon tube formation, the proteins partition into the tube.
By using this assay, it was demonstrated that the protein's extracellular loop 2 contributes
to the curvature sensitivity and curvature-induced interactions of TSPAN4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100149",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,"On the cover: Confocal image of HeLa cells co-stained with thioflavin T (ThT) (5 μM,
false-colored in blue) and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) (25 nM, false
colored in magenta). Cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 105 and imaged. Cells in the left half of the field of view were imaged at 15-second
intervals for 20 minutes with both blue (405 nm) and red (561 nm) light, whereas cells
in the right half of the image were imaged only at the end of that time. The photoactivation
of ThT through blue light has led to a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential in
the cells on the left side, as seen by the loss in TMRM signal and a redistribution
in the ThT signal. Skates et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2023.100134",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_1.txt,sbert,3_1.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_1.png,B,The hepatic lipid microenvironment can modulate host–virus interactions. Oil Red O fluorescence microscopy image shows the effects of miR-383 overexpression on intracellular lipid pools in Huh7 hepatoma cells.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,Mouse liver tissue stained with DAPI to visualize nuclei and Nile red to visualize lipids and lipid droplets.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy imaging of Escherichia coli (ΔtolC mutant) labeled with green trimethoprim-nitrobenzoxadiazole fluorescent probe (TMP-NBD), red membrane stain (FM 4-64FX), and blue nucleic acid stain (Hoechst 33342).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_11.txt,multiBv1,2017_11.txt,Microscopic fluorescence imaging of blood-stage P. falciparum via a novel DHA probe shows complete parasite specificity with the absence of labeling of both non-infected and infected erythrocytes. The scope indicates the parasite as the probe target that is selectively detected by fluorescence microscopy. Image credit: Jeverson Moreira.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_6.txt,ave_2,2020_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_1.png,D,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,"Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers is an emerging lasing technology that possess high brightness and high functionalities, while maintaining the merits of semiconductor lasers. The illustration depicts a train of pulsed laser beams emitted from the surface of a Photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser. See Noda.
Image: Susumu Noda, Kyoto University. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/46_1.png,C,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_2.txt,allv2,46_2.txt,"Mice hosting a human hemato-lymphoid system offer an attractive model for biomedical
research. For example, they hold potential for study of human-specific infectious
disease, or for pre-clinical vaccine testing. Current mouse models for human immune
cell function, however, have limitations such as a poor capacity for induction of
adaptive immunity. On pages 321–327, Flavell and colleagues discuss how delivery of
human cytokines into the mouse host can improve human hamatopoiesis and immune cell
function. They examine methods for cytokine delivery, with emphasis on gene targeting
approaches. The cover image shows a human statue overlaid with red blood cells. Image
credit: Robin Cracknell/Stockbyte Collection (Getty Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_7.txt,ave_2,32_7.txt,"Experiments with particular specific pathogen-free (SPF)-inbred mouse
strains from different laboratories often yield conflicting data due to microbiota
variations
due to housing conditions. On pages 17–28, Rosshart, Bruno, and Schueler present
the option of using natural microbiota from wild mice to outcompete and replace
conventional laboratory SPF murine gut microbiota via co-housing (wildlings). They
propose that this may yield more robust, reproducible, and generalizable mouse data
in biomedical research than other models. Image credit: Ethan Tyler, NIH Division
of
Medical Arts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,"The gut microbiota participates in the regulation of immune system development and
function, and different groups of bacteria may impact the frequency and activity of
specific immune cell subsets. Probiotics, which are components of the normal microbiota,
are live microorganisms that can confer a health benefit to host. On pages 208–215,
Kleerebezem and colleagues discuss how the probiotic lactobacilli may improve immune
homeostasis. The authors highlight that the health-promoting benefits of this probiotic
depend on strain identity and are specific to host physiology. Cover image credit:
iStock/Floortje.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/34_8.txt,ave_3,34_8.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_6.png,A,"Drying out without dying out
Tolerance to desiccation has evolved many times in different plant groups in response to arid environments. Despite multiple evolutionary origins within the grass family, the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance have converged on a small number of common genes and metabolic pathways.
See Marks et al.
Image: Dr Rose Marks. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_6.txt,groundtruth,10_6.txt,"Retaining network resilience through evolution
Plant regulatory networks adapt to abiotic stresses such as salt conditions. Comparing the gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis and Marchantia shows what is kept and what is lost over the evolutionary history of land plants.
SeeWu, T.-Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_7.txt,allv2,7_7.txt,"Living with stress
Rice plants react to stressful conditions with degeneration of apical spikelets, leading to losses in yield. The trigger for this is a stress sensor, IRE1, in the endoplasmic reticulum. The response of this sensor can be ‘fine-tuned’ by the survival factor, SPL6.
See Wang et al.
Image: Qing-Long Wang. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_8.txt,ave_2,4_8.txt,"Limiting Factor
The plant meristem is maintained by feedback between a series of receptors and their ligands. This also involves co-receptors such as the CIK receptor kinases. Mutant plants lacking CIKs develop unconstrained meristems.
See Hu et al.
Image: Chong Hu. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,val
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_2.png,C,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,"A novel microporous platform for scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy in liquids has been developed. The platform is based on a graphene-capped ordered array of microcapsules filled with liquid analytes. High electron transparency of the graphene allows for high-resolution electron imaging and related Auger, energy-dispersive X-ray chemical mapping to be done on solid–liquid interfaces of practical importance such as water and electrolytes. Because the platform is composed of a lattice of identical microcapsules, it can be used in conjunction with powerful statistical analysis, data mining, combinatorial, and pattern recognition methods. The latter allows for the study of the complex spectrotemporal and spatiotemporal behaviors at liquid–solid interfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2017_20.txt,ave_3,2017_20.txt,"This cover art depicts a conceptual visualization of an advanced imaging system, featuring an array of microbolometers interfaced with a nanostructured graphene material. The graphic represents high-speed data processing and the dynamic interaction between the microbolometer array and terahertz radiation at the nanoscale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"A novel microporous platform for scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy in liquids has been developed. The platform is based on a graphene-capped ordered array of microcapsules filled with liquid analytes. High electron transparency of the graphene allows for high-resolution electron imaging and related Auger, energy-dispersive X-ray chemical mapping to be done on solid–liquid interfaces of practical importance such as water and electrolytes. Because the platform is composed of a lattice of identical microcapsules, it can be used in conjunction with powerful statistical analysis, data mining, combinatorial, and pattern recognition methods. The latter allows for the study of the complex spectrotemporal and spatiotemporal behaviors at liquid–solid interfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2017_21.txt,ave_2,2017_21.txt,train
Current Biology,34_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_13.png,A,"On the cover: A juvenile male rufous hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) midflight in Vancouver, British Columbia. In this issue, Gaede et al. describe neural responses to tactile stimuli, including gusts of air, that may contribute
to the remarkable aerial abilities of hummingbirds. Using in vivo physiology in hummingbirds and finches, the authors reveal two distinct three-dimensional
maps in the avian forebrain that process touch, including areas corresponding to the
wings. Photograph by Duncan Leitch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_13.txt,groundtruth,34_13.txt,"On the cover: A roseate spoonbill (Platalea ajaja) in Florida. This wading bird, one of six species of spoonbills, uses its eponymous
bill to sift through water for small prey animals but is here seen preening. Earth
is home to about 11,000 species of birds, which are one of the most conspicuous and
striking manifestations of life on Earth. Our special issue pays homage to birds (pages
R1042–R1199) and their fascinating biology in a set of reviews, primers, quick guides,
and other front matter articles, looking at birds from on a wide range of angles—from
neuroscience and behavior to functional morphology, physiology, evolution, and migration.
In the section “My bird” (pages R1050–R1058), our contributors reminisce about birds
that, in one way or another, shaped them or their science. Photo: Cindy Barbanera-Wedel/Sleepy
Seahorse Photography (https://www.etsy.com/shop/SleepySeahorsePhoto).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_5.txt,allv2,32_5.txt,"On the cover: The image shows three dye-stained visual interneurons within the brain
of the blowfly Calliphora vicina. These tangential neurons sit within a discrete brain region called the lobula plate
(the kidney bean-shaped outline of the lobula plate is faintly discernable in the
image). The lobula plate is retinotopic—two neighboring points on the plate directly
correspond to neighboring points in the field of view of the fly—so these three neurons
together cover almost half of the left visual hemisphere of the fly. The signals generated
within these tangential neurons contain invaluable information on the fly's motion
in space and, in concert with signals from other sensory systems, bestow the humble
fly with impressive maneuverability and control of flight. See Parsons et al. (624–628)
for details. Image by Matthew Parsons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_18.txt,multiBv1,20_18.txt,"On the cover: The Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) is a symbol of recent extinction in United States and was the northernmost parrot
to have ever lived. Gelabert et al. (pages 108–114) have retrieved the first whole
genome of this paradigmatic bird and explored aspects related to its adaptation and
evolutionary history. The Carolina parakeet genome does not show widespread signals
of inbreeding and population decline, which suggests its extinction was abrupt and
mediated by humans. The cover image is a print of an 1825 painting by American naturalist
John James Audubon (1785–1851) from Birds of America. The image is from John James Audubon / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_24.txt,sbert,30_24.txt,test
CELL RESEARCH,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.png,D,"This image depicts a story of a powerful AI comet merging in the life science universe. The information in millions of single-cell transcriptomes was distilled to create a large foundation model named GeneCompass, which uses cutting-edge foundation model AI technologies to decipher universal gene regulatory mechanisms and shows tremendous potential for accelerating advancements in life science research.See page 830–845 by Xiaodong Yang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_1.txt,allv2,34_1.txt,"The image illustrates a Chinese historical story, depicting Taigong Jiang fishing with his hook, reminiscent of the innovative proximity labeling tool, PhastID. PhastID identifies ATP6AP1, an unconventional GEF of Rheb. The C-tail at the end of ATP6AP1 can be used as a switch for Rheb to regulate the activation of mTORC1 signaling. Just as the two different states of the fish in the image, activating Rheb or not has distinct impacts on cellular functions. See page 355–369 by Ran Feng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_8.txt,multiBv1,34_8.txt,"The Monkey King is reminiscent of the embryonic skeletal stem and progenitor cells (eSSPCs) that localize in the perichondrial region of the developing long bones (mimicked by the Golden Cudgel), which self-renew and give rise to skeletal lineage cells as revealed by our single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses. See page 742-757 by Jian He et al. for details.
The image is designed by Zhenyu Hong and edited by Ran Li and Jing Yan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_6.txt,sbert,31_6.txt,"The image depicts the Chinese legend ""The Magic Brush"" (""Shen Bi Ma Liang""). The towering mountain symbolizes the rugged protein fitness landscape, with reaching the summit representing the challenging tasks in protein engineering. Our proposed method, ProMEP, serves as the magic brush, sketching out a rapid path to the peak for biologists. The brush’s handle, adorned with dots, lines, and jewels, signifies the power of artificial intelligence technology driving this journey. See page 630–647 by Peng Cheng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_4.png,C,"Microaerophilic parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia lamblia are a significant cause of human and animal infections. On pages 576–589, Leitsch
and colleagues review the critical role of redox pathways in these parasites, and
the potential to target them for anti-parasitic drug development. Shown on the cover
is a fluorescence image of the parasite T. vaginalis. Hydrogenosomes, energy generating organelles that harbor multiple antioxidant pathways,
are stained red (malic enzyme) and are an important storage compartment for parasite
antioxidant systems. Sub-cytoplasmic membrane protein stained with anti-HA antibody
are visualized in green, and nuclear DNA stained with DAPI, in blue. Cover image by
Petr Rada.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/34_6.txt,multiBv1,34_6.txt,"As a neglected tropical/sub-tropical disease, leishmaniasis is caused by infection
with Leishmania parasites that are transmitted among mammalian hosts by the bite of phlebotomine
sand flies. The failure rate of leishmaniasis treatment is rising in recent years
due to the emergence of resistance to the major antileishmanial drugs. Evaluating
the impact of antileishmanial resistance on parasite fifitness is important to monitor
its development and spread. Current fitness studies mostly focus on amastigotes in
mammalian hosts and promastigotes in vitro. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Van Bockstal et al. review the spreading potential of Leishmania drug-resistant phenotypes in the studies of parasite fitness and development in sand
fly vectors. De Sousa-Paula et al. introduce Lutzomyia longipalpis, the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum, in the Vector of the Month. The cover image shows an artistic impression of Leishmania metacyclic promastigotes on silk. Image credit: Katrien Daels. Cover design: Pengfei
Kong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/36_4.txt,ave_2,36_4.txt,"The fate of Leishmania parasites in mammalian hosts is determined by
the tissue microenvironment and the highly diverse organic and inorganic metabolic
and micro milieu factors at the site of infection, for which Bogdan et al. coined the term
immunomicrotope. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, they review important cellular
and soluble components of the immunomicrotope in cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis
and highlight critical processes of parasite control and long-term persistence. The
oil-on-canvas
painting “Circles in a Circle” (1923) by the famous Russian artist Vasily Kandinsky
(1866–1944), which reflects his art-theoretical ideas about forms and colours, can
be
interpreted as a perfect illustration of the complexity of the immunomicrotope, showing,
e.g., different immune cells, intracellular Leishmania amastigotes, cytokines, metabolites,
extracellular matrix fibres, and blood vessels at the encircled site of infection.
Image
credit: The Louise and Walter Arensberg Collection, 1950.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_4.txt,groundtruth,40_4.txt,"A female sand fly periodically bites to obtain a blood meal for egg
development. When the sand fly is infected with Leishmania, the bite results in egestion
of a concoction of molecules alongside the parasites that play varied and critical
roles
in promoting disease establishment. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Serafim
et al. discuss how the outcome of leishmaniasis is influenced by a cascade of events
orchestrated by components of the infectious inoculum soon after vector-transmission
of Leishmania by bite. The image depicts the infectious inoculum comprised of
metacyclic promastigotes (green cells), a soluble promastigote secretory gel (green
cloud), saliva (yellow cloud), microbiota (purple) and exosomes (yellow particles).
The
infectious inoculum recruits neutrophils to the site of tissue damage. Bites also
cause
extravascular leakage of red blood cells that play a part in controlling inflammation.
Cover designed by Ryan Kissinger (Visual and Medical Arts Unit, Rocky Mountain
Laboratories).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_2.txt,allv2,37_2.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_13.png,C,"Carbon with its multitude of allotropes is a fascinating element. In this special issue, the rich chemistry (CheM) of different carbon materials (CarM), from molecular carbynes over carbon nanoparticles to diamond, is presented by a selection of accounts by well-known specialists in the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_21.txt,ave_3,2023_21.txt,"Advanced molecular nanocarbons are now in the spotlight reflecting the basic discoveries of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Iconic helicenes and their congeners combine a unique π-electron system with helical chirality that makes them highly attractive in various fields of science. Cover art by Tomas Bellon. See article by Irena G. Stará and Ivo Starý (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00364).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_12.txt,allv2,2020_12.txt,"Falling from the heavens, C60 fullerene and its derivatives have continued to bring surprises to humans in a variety of fields. This Account discussed the multifaceted properties and applications of fullerene–metal complexes and clusters, ranging from fundamental structural chemistry to the forefront of single atom catalysis and to astrophysics and astrochemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,ave_2,2017_10.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_12.png,D,"Enormous societal challenges, such as feeding and providing energy for a growing population
in a dramatically changing climate, necessitate technological advances in plant science.
On pages 303–310 Seung Y. Rhee and colleagues propose that, complementary to the efforts
towards understanding the cellular diversity in human brain and immune systems, a
Plant Cell Atlas would accelerate discovery in plant science and help solve imminent
societal problems. The Plant Cell Atlas would map molecular machineries to cellular
and subcellular domains, follow their dynamic movements, and describe their interactions.
Cover design by Susanne C. Brink. Image credit: Arabidopsis thaliana embryoes by Fernán Federici and Jim Haseloff.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/24_10.txt,ave_2,24_10.txt,"Global agriculture is facing major challenges to ensure global food security, such
as the need to breed high yielding crops adapted to future climates and the identification
of dedicated feedstock crops for biofuel production (biofuel feedstocks). Plant phenomics
offers a suite of new technologies to accelerate progress in understanding gene function
and environmental responses. This will enable breeders to develop new agricultural
germplasm to support future agricultural production. On pages 635–644 Robert T. Furbank
and Mark Tester present plant physiology in an ``omics'' perspective, review some
of the new high throughput and high resolution phenotyping tools and discuss their
application to plant biology, functional genomics and crop breeding.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/16_1.txt,ave_3,16_1.txt,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_13.txt,allv2,29_13.txt,"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2022 was awarded to the pioneers of
Lego-like ‘click chemistry’ – combinatorial chemistry with remarkable modularity and
diversity. It has been applied to a wide variety of biological systems, from microorganisms
to plants and animals, including humans. Ming-Ming Chen, Peng Wang and colleagues
review click chemistry reactions and their applications in plant systems to visualize
plant
biological processes. Click chemistry is one of an array of modern tools highlighted
in
this special issue that offer new opportunities to explore and understand the underlying
molecular mechanisms of many biological processes in plants, as well as finding
applications in agriculture for delivering smart crops fit for the 21st century. Image
credit:
Ming-Ming Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_12.txt,groundtruth,29_12.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.png,C,"A synthetic materials-guided tissue engineering approach, wherein the scaffold?s chemical and physical properties alone instruct regeneration, holds the potential to treat clinically pervasive osteochondral defects. This cover depicts use of material chemistries and fabrication techniques, including solvent-casting–particulate-leaching, freeze-drying, additive manufacturing, and electrospinning, for the development of biphasic, triphasic, or gradient scaffolds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2020_5.txt,allv2,2020_5.txt,"An artistic representation of our workflow, including atomic force microscopy characterization and a custom-made microfluidic compression experiment, is presented. This workflow has been applied to the characterization of the effects of graphene oxide in the mechanical stability and surface properties of hybrid alginate microspheres destined to cell microencapsulation for cell-based therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2021_12.txt,sbert,2021_12.txt,", first fabricating frameworks of hydrogel models by stereolithography and subsequently modifying the fabricated models with hydroxyapatite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"The visual represents the groundbreaking fabrication of 3D polycaprolactone macrostructures by 3D electrospinning. Highlighted are the optimal parameters that enable the precise construction of uniform, hydrophilic scaffolds, suitable for enhanced cell penetration and growth",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_8.png,D,"The hormones FGF15/19 and FGF21 are produced in response to specific nutritional cues
and regulate diverse metabolic processes by acting on shared receptor complexes located
in multiple tissues, including brain, liver, and brown and white adipose tissue. At
pharmacologic doses, they cause weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity and lipid
parameters in obese mammals. On pages 22–29 of this issue, Owen, Mangelsdorf, and
Kliewer discuss emerging concepts in FGF15/19 and FGF21 tissue-specific actions and
critically assess their putative role as candidate targets for treating metabolic
disease. The cover depicts the bimodal mechanism whereby FGF21 causes weight loss,
which includes stimulating glucose uptake (the fuel) and sympathetic nerve activity
(the fire) in brown adipose tissue to promote thermogenesis. Cover was prepared by
Jose Cabrera.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_14.txt,allv2,26_14.txt,"FKBP51 is a molecular chaperone with emerging roles in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism.
On pages 862–874, Smedlund, Sanchez, and Hinds discuss the role FKBP51 signaling has
in increasing adipocyte size and fat mass which can induce obesity along with the
new ways being developed to therapeutically target FKBP51. Cover design by Matthew
Hazzard.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/32_2.txt,ave_3,32_2.txt,"Obesity is a continuing concern in Western, as well as developing countries. Intense
research is currently being done in order to find therapeutic treatments to battle
this growing and ongoing epidemic but many of the factors and pathways are still not
well known. On pages 560–570 of this issue, Mullican and Rangwala discuss the recently
identified GFRAL, the brain-specific receptor involved in the GDF15-mediated effects
on body weight regulation and energy intake as well as the possibility of using GDF15/GFRAL
in treating obesity and other diseases. Cover image is from istock/MarkSwallow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/29_5.txt,ave_2,29_5.txt,"Recent advances in FGF21 biology and pharmacology have led to
clinical trials testing long-acting FGF21 analogues and antibody-based mimetics
for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic comorbidities. This month, Xu and
colleagues (pp 371—384) discuss the challenges and future directions in the clinical
implementation of FGF21-based drugs for metabolic disorders. The cover image
depicts a warrior fighting obesity-related comorbidities: his shield, showing the
structure of FGF21, symbolizes the protective roles of FGF21 analogues in alleviating
MASH and hypertriglyceridemia, whereas his knife and armor represent the therapeutic
potential of combination therapy based on FGF21 analogues and other hormones
against metabolic diseases. Artwork credit: Zara Siu Wa Chui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_8.txt,groundtruth,35_8.txt,train
Structure,32_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_12.png,B,"On the cover: The packing and delivery of bacteriophage P22's genome involves the
assembly of 51 protein subunits into a multifunctional macromolecule, named the tail
machine. The densities corresponding to each of the constitutive monomers have been
solved by single particle cryoEM. Like molecular blueprints, this segmented reconstruction
describes the intricate architecture of this molecular machine. For more details,
see Lander et al., pp. 789–799.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/17_7.txt,ave_2,17_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover figure depicts the complex structure of the bacteriophage
HRP29 virion. A novel tail adapter protein is utilized to create a hybrid tail that
has unique receptor binding properties. Subramanian et al. utilized cryo-electron microscopy to deduce how all of the structural proteins come
together to form this phage. They used a variety of biological assays such as temperature
sensitivity assays and CRISPR-Cas knockdowns to determine essential protein building
blocks that help stabilize this phage and are critical for infection. Image credit:
Júlio Arvellos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_12.txt,groundtruth,32_12.txt,"On the cover: Infection of a bacterial cell by a contractile tail bacteriophage resembles
the action of a syringe: the phage attaches to the host cell surface, contracts the
outer layer of the tail (the sheath), and drives the rigid tail tube through the outer
membrane of the cell. The membrane-breaching tip of the tube is formed by a spike-shaped
protein with a conserved architecture and a peculiar iron-binding site near the spike's
apex. The figure shows the cryo-electron microscopy map of bacteriophage φ92 and its
membrane-piercing spike protein (in red). For additional details, see Browning et
al., pp.326–339.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,"On the cover: The I-domain, which is inserted into bacteriophage P22’s coat protein,
has multiple functional roles including serving as a folding nucleus and promoting
procapsid stability. The structure of the I-domain was solved by NMR spectroscopy
and then used to improve cryoEM models of the coat protein subunit. The cover presents
a cryoEM reconstruction of bacteriophage P22 with the magnifying glass showing a capsid
penton overlaid with the I-domain in cyan. The background is a light micrograph of
Salmonella cells, the host organism of phage P22. See Rizzo et al., pp. 830–841.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/22_7.txt,ave_3,22_7.txt,train
BDJ,237_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_9.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate.

Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting!
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_7.txt,sbert,237_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,multiBv1,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on nicotine pouches, clinical coding practices, and community water fluoridation.

Cover image: Dentistry and the SDGs – Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth. Is the sun setting on the NHS dental contract? As more and more practices are withdrawing from the NHS altogether, time is running out to close on a solution that is fruitful for all: patients, employees and the NHS itself.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_5.txt,allv2,235_5.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on teething, diabetes mellitus, and NHS patient dental charges.

Cover image: From 2011. By the end of the first decade of this century, the financial crisis of 2008 and the clearly accelerating move towards digital communications coalesced as we sat down to decide on the cover series for the first half of 2011. The surge away from physical mail to email was a trigger for us to select postage stamps as a cover series. We were helped hugely in this by Stuart Geddes. The one featured centrally on the cover of this issue was originally used on Volume 210 Issue 3 (12 February 2011) and here is a representative of the series as well as our sense of how electronic media were posed to, and have indeed become the dominant feature of, our present world.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating stamps originally provided by Stuart Geddes",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_9.txt,groundtruth,237_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_19.png,D,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"Unveiling the innovative electrospray fusion of monomers and exfoliated Montmorillonite nanoclay fillers, we present the creation of an ultrathin, chlorine-resistant polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membrane. This meticulously controlled thickness and morphology serves as a conduit for an impressive enhancement of desalination performance. Its potential is vast, poised to transform water treatment applications, painting a promising picture for the future of sustainable water resources. Art by the team of Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_1.txt,sbert,2023_1.txt,"An all-organic nanocomposite of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with uniformly dispersed cellulose nanocrystals is prepared via in situ polymerization. The composite films are processed facilely through a blown extrusion process that is suitable for mass production, and a 22% improvement in tear toughness was achieved in relation to that of neat PBAT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_12.txt,multiBv1,2023_12.txt,"Amorphous e-TiO2 nanoparticles, designed for large-scale production, with strong UV absorption but low photocatalytic activity, demonstrate superior UV resistance enhancement in a nanocomposite with an unsaturated polyester resin. This UPR/e-TiO2 material stands out as a valuable resin, particularly suitable for crafting a long-lasting outdoor usable artificial quartz stone with minimal color alteration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_12.png,D,"Modelling the multiregional dynamics of stimulated brain networks
This issue highlights a mathematical model for quantifying the sensitivity of patients with cancer to checkpoint inhibitors, the identification of subtypes of psychiatric disorders from functional-connectivity patterns in resting-state electroencephalography, the prediction of multiregional brain-network dynamics in response to direct electrical stimulation, computational modelling for the optimization of treatment schedules for glioblastoma, and the identification of converging genetic and epigenetic drivers of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia via an information-theory analysis of DNA methylation.
The cover illustrates the predicted dynamics of large-scale brain networks during direct electrical stimulation.
See Yang et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio); concept: Maryam Shanechi, Yuxiao Yang, Omid Sani (University of Southern California). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_9.txt,allv2,5_9.txt,"Ultrasound-enabled targeting of specific brain circuits
This issue highlights neuroengineering advances, including optogenetic control of the activity of opposing muscle pairs, silicon interfaces for light-controlled non-genetic neuromodulation, genome editing in the brain of a mouse model of fragile X syndrome, and the generation of neural tissues via the modulation of culture conditions and of induced neuronal cells via direct reprogramming of fibroblasts.
The cover illustrates the non-invasive modulation of brain circuits, with cell-type and spatiotemporal specificity, via focused ultrasound and virally encoded receptors engineered to be activated by a designer drug.
See Szablowski et al.
Image: Maayan Harel and Jerzy Szablowski. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_6.txt,ave_3,2_6.txt,"A microphysiological model for the study of bronchial spasms
This issue highlights microphysiological systems of the human bronchial airways, the human gut microbiome, a glioblastoma tumour and cartilage, as well as an in vitro model of the formation of bone-like nodules recapitulating the osteogenesis-imperfecta phenotype, and a comparison of three congruent patient-specific cell types for the modelling of an inherited neurological disorder.
The cover shows a sham device of a microphysiological system that recapitulates the mechanochemical environment of the human bronchial airways.
See Kilic et al.
Image: Onur Kilic, Johns Hopkins University. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_6.txt,ave_2,3_6.txt,"Modelling latent structures in neural activity to better predict behaviour
This issue highlights computational methods for use in multi-omics microsampling to profile lifestyle-associated changes, for the design of humanized versions of antibodies with improved stability, for the optimization of monoclonal antibodies for reduced self-association and non-specific binding, for the classification of tumour type and the prediction of microsatellite status on the basis of somatic mutations, for describing macroscopic resting-state brain dynamics, and for modelling nonlinear latent factors and structures in the activity of neural populations to enable flexible inference.
The cover illustrates that latent factors and latent structures in the activity of neural populations can be computationally modelled to better predict neural activity and behaviour.
See Abbaspourazad et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and Ekaterina Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_1.png,B,"Label-free analysis of cell membranes was completed with a designed self-driven magnetic/plasmonic probe, which enables investigation into the structural alterations of membrane proteins and reveals information on mechanistic regulation related to tumors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,"This cover illustrates a protein labeling and analysis strategy that combines a highly selective, high-affinity multicyclic peptide with a bright fluorescent probe for the specific and sensitive detection and visualization of protein expression on human T cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,A novel electrochemical sensing strategy based on the combination of the stimulus-responsive molecularly imprinted polymer-modified nanopores and a polymeric membrane chronopotentiometric sensor is proposed for label-free detection of two cancer biomarkers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_30.txt,sbert,2024_30.txt,"A fluorescent sensing array with multichannel detection realized the qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of venom proteins. Various snake venoms belonging to different snake families were discriminated. It provides a facile approach for rapid venom toxicology analysis, benefiting the early and timely clinical diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2021_10.txt,allv2,2021_10.txt,train
iScience,27_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_6.png,D,"On the cover: The current study presents a new approach for single-cell analysis,
which has the potential to overcome several key challenges that face the currently
available techniques in this field. The approach is based on the determination of
the profile of chemical compounds that have relatively high vapor pressure under room-temperature
conditions. The findings show that single cancer cells are identified with unique
profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and that the composition of these VOCs
depends on the sub-molecular structure of the genetic status, hinting for the sensitivity
of this profiling method for even tiny differences within the cell. The added value
of the VOCs allows a superb opportunity to query the molecular mechanisms of cancer
and to develop new generation(s) of biomedical approaches for personalized screening,
diagnosis, and future screening of various diseases in a non-invasive, inexpensive,
and portable manner. For more, see Serasanambati et al. (volume 11, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/12_1.txt,sbert,12_1.txt,"On the cover: With the advancement of high-throughput biological technology, massive
data resources are being accumulated. The large amount of data is just like the countless
stars in the night sky. In this study, we attempted to reveal the interactions between
E3 ubiquitin ligase and substrates by integratively mining various types of biological
data resources. These interactions were displayed as a network, and the top left part
of the layout shape was displayed as an “E3,” which play key roles in nearly all types
of biological processes. For more, see Chen et al. (vol 16, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/17_1.txt,multiBv1,17_1.txt,"On the cover: The image, an illuminated drop with syringe needle, depicts the vaccination
against SARS-CoV-2, which protects the living being from SARS-CoV-2 virus. The vaccine
drop contains Imidazoquinoline class molecule, one of the key ingredients of Algel-IMDG
that activates the immune system via network of lymphatic system by delivering the
antigen and antigen presenting cells to draining lymph nodes. The resultant neutralizing
antibodies in blood circulation provide protection to animal (rabbit) against SARS-CoV-2
by inducing strong adaptive immunity. See Ganneru et al. (2021).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/24_9.txt,allv2,24_9.txt,"On the cover: The main purpose of this study by Zhou et al. is to address IPDA-related issues, which require different probe sequences for different
subtypes of HIV-1. The ultimate goal of this field of research is the accurate measurement
of viral reservoirs, including different subtypes and sequences. The different colors
of the viruses on this cover represent the different subtypes, which are firmly enclosed
in a net, i.e., the meaning of “all in one net.” Image credit: Xinyu Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_6.txt,groundtruth,27_6.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.png,B,"The core size, shell thickness and hydrophilicity, interparticle spacing, and total size of the cluster determine the T1 and T2 relaxation effect of IONP-based MRI contrast agents, which can be regulated by internal or external stimuli through their assembly, disassembly, and activation behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,ctivity-in,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,"A targeted MRI contrast agent (MT218) that binds to an oncoprotein in the tumor extracellular matrix (extradomain-B fibronectin) enables noninvasive characterization of the aggressiveness, progression, and therapy resistance of prostate cancer with MRI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_14.png,A,"Tröger's base-derived benzoxazine was synthesized using a continuous three-step approach from 2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5] diazocine-3,9-diamine with no intermediates isolation or purification. Ring-opening polymerization transformed it into a polymer with intrinsic microporosity. The obtained polymer was fluorescent only in the solid state. When the curing temperature rose, the polymer emission maximum shifted red.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"The N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization provides a facile, controlled, and highly chemoselective access to metal-free α-hydroxy,ω-amino poly(N-tosylaziridine) telechelics, with no need for tedious protection−deprotection chemistry. The accessibility of the hydroxyl function was demonstrated with the preparation of poly(N-tosylaziridine)-b-poly(Λ-lactide) block copolymer by sequential and selective NHC-OROP using the same NHC organocatalyst. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_18.txt,ave_3,2018_18.txt,"Solvent-Switchable Luminescent Polymersome: A naphthalene diimide (NDI)-appended amphiphilic polymer produced vesicles in aqueous medium by the synergistic effect of π-stacking, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. They showed astonishingly high stability and aggregation-induced enhanced emission property. In benzene, reverse-vesicular assembly was formed with almost identical photophysical properties and stability as observed in water. Both vesicular and reverse-vesicular assemblies remained stable at the benzene−water interface. See page 3939.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2013_15.txt,allv2,2013_15.txt,"The  regiodiverse cobalt-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction was applied to generate  complex bifunctional building blocks suitable for Suzuki cross-coupling  polymerization. Polycondensation led to high molecular weight kinked  poly(phenylene)s as well as ortho-poly(phenylene)s  which were characterized by NMR, infrared, absorption and photoemission spectroscopy as well as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. These novel blue  fluorescent polymers can act as potential precursors for the generation of  nanomaterials like graphene nanoribbons. See Kuttner, J. R.; Hilt, G. Macromolecules 2014, 47, 5532–5541. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_7.txt,ave_2,2014_7.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_94,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_94.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Progress in Prosthetics. Recent advances in materials science and neuroscience have improved prostheses, but artificial capabilities are still limited compared with those of biological limbs. After extensively mapping nerve stimulations to tactile perceptions, Osborn et al. developed an electronic ""skin"" that translates neuromorphic tactile information from a prosthesis to the amputee. Hahne et al. implemented a regression-based control approach that allowed simultaneous and proportional control of two degrees of freedom and was robust over multiple days and limb positions. These studies may lead to better control of and more realistic behavior with artificial limbs. [CREDIT: L. OSBORN/NEUROENGINEERING & BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION LAB, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_19.txt,sbert,3_19.txt,"ONLINE COVER Grasping Objects with Prosthetics. Amputation of a limb can affect the ability of an amputee to carry out simple tasks, such as grasping an object. Several prosthetic devices rely on the use of electrical signals from nerves and muscles to control their motion. Gherardini et al. have developed an approach that uses implanted magnets that harness muscle deformation to control a myokinetic prosthetic hand. A participant with a transradial amputation recruited for the study showed the ability to carry out functional tests to demonstrate dexterous motor skills. This month’s cover is an image of the participant’s prosthetic hand grasping a clothespin. Credit: OneFrame Creative Science Communication",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_94.txt,groundtruth,9_94.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Assistive and Rehabilitative Robots—a Neuromusculoskeletal Prosthesis for Daily Use by a Transradial Amputee. Ortiz-Catalan et al. report on the clinical implementation of a prosthesis integrated into the radius and ulna bones. The prosthesis device relied on implanted electrodes that provided bidirectional neural communication between the residual limb and the bionic hand, enabling improvements to the quality of life of the amputee in terms of comfort, reduced phantom limb pain, and object manipulation. This month’s cover is an image of the amputee using the prosthesis device to hold a coffee mug. Credit: Anna-Lena Lundqvist",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_83.txt,allv2,8_83.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robot Grasping and Manipulation. Considerable progress in robotic grasping has been made in picking and sorting regular objects in controlled environments. Yet, compared with human hands, which are exceptionally skilled at handling and transforming objects of various shapes and sizes, robotic hands remain inferior. For example, grasping and manipulation of soft, free-form objects remains difficult for robots. In this special issue, we seek to achieve better robotic grasping by considering the complex interplay of effective manipulator design, vision, perception (e.g., tactile), multimodal scene understanding, spatial planning, as well as learning and reasoning. This month's cover is a photograph of an unconventional two-fingered dexterous hand, Model W, developed by Bircher et al. that utilizes all surfaces of its fingers and palm for manipulation. Credit: BIRCHER ET ALMAC_Bench/Science ROBOTICS",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_54.txt,multiBv1,6_54.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_1.png,A,"All materials contain defects that can change their stability, characteristics
and behaviour. Computational simulations of these defects can help scientists to more
accurately predict their occurrence, concentration and resultant chemical properties.
In
their Forum article in this issue, Gormley and Hendon examine the nuances of calculating
defect formation energetics in molecular materials, with a focus on highlighting some
of the strategies theorists can use specifically to treat the chemical potential and
correctional terms of the calculation. Better predictions can help make these calculations
a crucial tool in the design and understanding of new materials. Cover image credit:
GettyImages/Tom Gowanlock",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"On The Cover: Neuromorphic computing promises to enable a new energy-efficient paradigm of modern
computing. But the success of neuromorphic computing, which aims to realize solid-state
analogs of neural circuitry, hinges on the design of new materials that enable energy-efficient
switching of conductivity across orders of magnitude. Recent work has focused on the
use of materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive metal-insulator transitions to realize
fast analog switching while emulating the ‘edge of chaos dynamics’ characteristic
of synaptic function. On pages 711–726 of this issue, Banerjee and colleagues highlight
current efforts towards the design of neuromorphic architectures using metal-insulator
transition materials, review several important classes of solid-state materials that
hold promise for neuromorphic computing, and elucidate design principals for energy-efficient
neuromorphic materials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_2.txt,multiBv1,1_2.txt,"In part one of our two-part special launch issues, we address some of the outstanding
key questions that chemists are currently tackling. In this issue, we highlight critical
topics such as: name plagiarism; air pollution; organic electrosynthesis; singlet
fission; entropic intermediates; frustrated Lewis pairs; solar cell open-circuit voltage
losses; C-H activation; boron-doped molecules; nanozymes; atomically dispersed supported
metal catalysts; photoredox catalysis; ionic plastic crystals; and ammonia electrosynthesis.
The cover image is a collection of molecules, structures, reactions, and concepts
all found within this issue. Cover image designed by Tom Dursch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"The dynamic response of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is largely
impacted by spatial heterogeneities at various length scales and crystal size of the
material. On pages 605–619 of this issue, Van Speybroeck and colleagues highlight
how mapping such spatiotemporal behavior with modeling and in-situ measurements is
extremely challenging but offers new opportunities to engineer the dynamic response
of
next-generation materials. Image credit: the Van Speybroeck group (Ghent University)
and Ella Marushchenko (Ella Maru Studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_5.txt,sbert,3_5.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_5.png,A,"Computational design of metamaterials
Metamaterials have garnered substantial research interest due to their ability to engineer materials properties not found in nature — which typically arise from specially designed structures — thus presenting unique opportunities across various fields. In order to facilitate the rational design of these metamaterials’ structures, computational methods have been widely employed, but numerous challenges remain to be addressed. This issue includes a Focus that consolidates the state-of-the-art computational algorithms for metamaterials design, highlighting current advancements, existing challenges, and future opportunities. In addition, the Focus explores challenges in manufacturing design and the potential applications of advanced metamaterials, such as optical and mechanical computing.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: OsakaWayne Studios / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"Computational design for complex element coupling
Complex materials with multiple elements have enabled various novel materials properties and applications. Insights from computational models can promote the effective exploration of vast chemical spaces resulting from such element coupling. In collaboration with Nature Materials, this issue features a Focus on complex element coupling, in which we at Nature Computational Science present a collection of expert opinions on the challenges and opportunities in model development that can further accelerate the rational design of such complex systems.
See Editorial
Image:: Yuichiro Chino / Moment / Getty (background); Hang Xue and Chong Yang, Xi’an Jiaotong University (structure). Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,"Computational design of 2D quantum defects
Quantum defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered important candidates for next-generation quantum technologies. However, the reduced dimension brings in difficulties, such as anisotropic dielectric screening and strong many-body interactions, which encourages the development of advanced first-principle theories for guiding rational design of 2D quantum defects. In this issue, Yuan Ping and Tyler J. Smart discuss the recent achievements in advanced electronic structure theories for 2D quantum defects, and further examine the theoretical and methodological challenges in the field.
See Ping et al.
Image: KTS Design / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_3.txt,ave_2,1_3.txt,"Semiconductor discovery with data-driven strategies
Computational methods can play a key role in the discovery of semiconductor materials, such as the chips depicted on the cover. In this issue, Lijun Zhang and colleagues highlight data-driven computational frameworks for improving semiconductor discovery and device development, as well as discuss recent advances, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
See Zhang et. al.
Image: MirageC/Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_8.txt,ave_3,4_8.txt,train
Science,387_6732,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6732.png,A,"COVER A breeding ruff male (Calidris pugnax) in alert posture scans the breeding area for mating opportunities at Liminka Bay, Finland. Ruff males deploy one of three mating tactics that differ in aggressive and courtship behaviors. Differences in aggression between tactics are tied to concentrations of circulating androgens, which are modulated by the actions of a single gene. See pages 358 and 406.
Photo: Jari Peltomäki/Finnature",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6732.txt,groundtruth,387_6732.txt,"COVER Male (left) and female (right) canaries (Serinus canaria) exhibiting sexual dichromatism—i.e., color difference between sexes. These mosaic canaries were created by crossing common canaries with red siskins and selecting the progeny for sexual dichromatism. The pronounced differences in plumage coloration are driven by a single gene that mediates sexual dichromatism in birds. See pages 1185 and 1270.
 Photo: Ricardo Jorge Lopes",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/368_6496.txt,allv2,368_6496.txt,"COVER Red knots (Calidris canutus canutus) migrate between the high Arctic, where they breed during summer, and the West African tropics. Chicks born under rapidly warming conditions in the Arctic attain smaller sizes before migrating, and the shorter bills of these smaller birds hamper their ability to reach food on the wintering grounds. Similar warming-induced morphological changes with downstream survival effects may also extend to other Arctic migrants. See pages 775 and 819.
 Photo: Jan van de Kam",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/352_6287.txt,multiBv1,352_6287.txt,"COVER About 250 cichlid fish species have evolved in Africa’s Lake Tanganyika in less than 10 million years. Researchers have now linked exploratory behavior to niche adaptation in these fish and identified a genetic variant with a strong effect on the exploratory behavior of the species. The image depicts a male emperor cichlid (Boulengerochromis microlepis) in breeding mood performing a territorial display. See page 470.
Photo: Angel M. Fitor",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/384_6694.txt,sbert,384_6694.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_41,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_41.png,B,The coupling between chemical reaction engineering and catalysis is at the heart of Professor Enrico Tronconi?s career. Outstanding examples of his achievements are the analysis of the complex chemistry behind NOx removal and the development of structured reactors for intensified catalytic processes. (Artist Acknowledgement: Lia Tagliavini),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_34.txt,allv2,2021_34.txt,"This compilation from renowned scientists endeavors to pay tribute to the distinguished career of Professor Dmitri Murzin, acknowledging his profound impact on the area of catalysis and chemical technology through both his scholarly endeavors and educational initiatives. Professor Murzin's legacy is celebrated for its significant contributions to advancing scientific knowledge and fostering the growth of future generations of researchers in these pivotal fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_41.txt,groundtruth,2024_41.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: H. Zhou et al., “Synergetic Bimetallic NiCo/CNT Catalyst for Hydrogen Production by Glycerol Steam Reforming: Effects of Metal Species Distribution” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01258); X. Chen et al., “Lignocellulosic Biomass Upgrading into Valuable Nitrogen-Containing Compounds by Heterogeneous Catalysts” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01815); Y. Wu et al., “Light Color Dihydroxybenzophenone Grafted Lignin with High UVA/ UVB Absorbance Ratio for Efficient and Safe Natural Sunscreen” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06970); and T. Gao et al., “Base-Free Aerobic Oxidation of 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural on a Ru(0) Center in Cooperation with a Co(II)/Co(III) Redox Pair over the One-Pot Synthesized Ru−Co Composites” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00937).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_14.txt,ave_3,2020_14.txt,"I&ECR celebrates the illustrious career of Prof. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan! In honor of his groundbreaking research and dedication to engineering education, we present this virtual special issue dedicated to his achievements. From pioneering multiphase reaction engineering to advancing clean energy production and sustainability, Prof. Al-Dahhan's contributions have shaped the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.txt,multiBv1,2024_39.txt,test
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_2.png,B,"Binding of the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase to a DNA substrate at three distinct, adjacent sites can be observed by protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_12.txt,allv2,2017_12.txt,HBV persistence in the host cells is mediated by several regulatory proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR7 plays a crucial role in suppressing the IFN-β signaling and promotes viral proliferation leading to HBV-induced HCC.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"In its polymerized active form, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid biosynthesis, paving the way for hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced lipid accumulation and viral replication within associated modified membranes. The small molecule Soraphen A, a macrocyclic polyketide produced by myxobacteria, disrupts ACC polymerization and acts as a “roadblock” in HCV infection. Cover design and illustration by Prashanth Srinivasan and Ragunath Singaravelu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2015_10.txt,multiBv1,2015_10.txt,The hepatic lipid microenvironment can modulate host–virus interactions. Oil Red O fluorescence microscopy image shows the effects of miR-383 overexpression on intracellular lipid pools in Huh7 hepatoma cells.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_8.txt,ave_3,2022_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.png,D,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly provides sub-10-nm periodic nanopatterned structures to fabricate internet of things (IoT) hardware components with a cost-effective, large-area approach and versatile functionalities. The cover image illustrates the BCP architecture library and the potential components for IoT applications. See Kim et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_11.txt,multiBv1,1_11.txt,"Neuromorphic computers require both volatile and non-volatile memristors, along with a distinct property known as the ‘edge of chaos’. The cover shows the inventor of memristors, Leon O. Chua, and his nonlinear circuit theory. See Chua.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_4.txt,groundtruth,1_4.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_97,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_97.png,C,"ONLINE COVER  ""Iron""ic Immunity. Pathogens rely entirely on the host as their source of iron, an essential nutrient. Using Citrobacter rodentium as a model of systemic infection, Sakamoto et al. uncover a role for the cytokine interleukin-22 in inducing iron sequestration from pathogens, restricting bacterial growth. See the related Focus by Datta. [CREDIT: GIPHOTOSTOCK/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_8.txt,ave_3,2_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER How Helminths Evade the Immune System. Approximately one-third of humans are infected by worm-like parasites called helminths, which have developed multiple strategies to evade immune-mediated destruction. Bohnacker et al. studied mice infected with the murine intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) to define parasite-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion. They report that helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) targets macrophages by inducing production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and other immunomodulatory molecules. heGDH also suppresses leukotriene synthesis, which prevents alternative macrophage and T helper 2 (TH2) cell activation. This is yet another strategy devised by helminths to suppress antiparasite immune responses and thereby facilitate the establishment of chronic infections. This month’s cover features an adult female Hpb in the center, flanked by adult Hpb males with their characteristic caudal bursae on the left and right sides, crescent-shaped Hpb larvae from various stages surrounding the adults, and Hpb eggs in the four corners of the image. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_102.txt,allv2,9_102.txt,"ONLINE COVER The Immunology of Human Schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma. Humans are typically infected through agricultural, domestic, and fishing activities that expose them to contaminated water. Houlder et al. studied how the immune features of schistosomiasis change over time by tracking immune responses during acute human Schistosoma mansoni infections in a controlled experimental setting. The early stages of infection were dominated by an inflammatory type 1 T helper (TH1) cell–skewed response regardless of whether participants were infected with male or female cercariae-stage parasites. By 8 weeks, however, type 2 T helper (TH2) and T regulatory (Treg) cells dominated the response, consistent with chronic schistosomiasis. This month’s cover features fishermen on Lake Malawi near Cape Maclear, Malawi, a site endemic for schistosomiasis. Credit: Robert Harding Picture Libr. Ltd/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_97.txt,groundtruth,9_97.txt,ONLINE COVER Activating Acetylcholine Production. This month's cover shows a section of mouse jejunum prepared 7 days after infection with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Hyperplasia of both yellow goblet cells (stained with the UEA-I lectin) and magenta tuft cells (expressing doublecortin-like kinase 1) is observed as part of the host immune response to this infection. Roberts et al. found that ILC2 synthesis and secretion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine contributed to effective expulsion of the parasites. [CREDIT: NAVEEN PARMAR/NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_57.txt,ave_2,6_57.txt,train
Developmental Cell,60_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_1.png,C,"On the cover: Artistic representation of a cross-section of the human genital ridge
at 6 weeks post-fertilization, including the gonad and the mesonephros. The gonad
is populated by NR2F2+ stromal cells (highlighted in magenta), while the mesonephros
features NR2F2+ and GATA2+ stromal cells (highlighted in green). During development,
the mesonephros functions initially as a kidney, later transforming into a sex-specific
reproductive tract. To learn more about human fetal sex-specific gonadogenesis and
the development of the reproductive tract, see Taelman et al. Image credit: Sylwia Czukiewska.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_21.txt,ave_2,59_21.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_3.txt,allv2,60_3.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_1.txt,groundtruth,60_1.txt,"On the cover: The image illustrates the dynamic process of meiotic initiation in male
germ cells in mice. Different colors represent different cell types within a seminiferous
tubule in the testes. Cells labeled in white have just completed DNA replication and
are entering into meiotic prophase I. To learn more about the regulation of meiotic
entry in male germ cells, see Sun et al. (pp. 901–913). The image was taken by Shenfei
Sun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_18.txt,ave_3,57_18.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_8.png,C,"Water-soluble FePt nanoparticles are applied as a dual modality contrast agent for CT/MRI molecular imaging. Selective contrast enhancement of Her2/neu overexpressed cancer lesions in both CT and MRI is found in tumor-bearing animals after tail vein injection of anti-Her2 antibody-conjugated FePt nanoparticles. See Chen and co-workers, p 13270.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_14.txt,sbert,2010_14.txt,"An enzyme-cored spherical nucleic acid nanoplatform (CAT-ecSNA-Cu) used to deliver copper ions for cuproptosis was obtained based on enzyme–nucleic acid coupling and rolling circle amplification techniques. This strategy of enhancing cuproptosis-mediated anti-tumor immune responses by alleviating hypoxia promotes the activation of effector T cells, ultimately leading to long-term immunity against cancer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_32.txt,ave_3,2024_32.txt,Reporting high-entropy two-dimensional layered double hydroxide (HE-LDH) nanoplatforms with versatile physicochemical advantages that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provide antitumor treatment via cascaded nanoenzyme-initiated chemodynamic and immune synergistic therapy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"A molecular construct designed to release active drugs on two cancer environment triggers could bring new therapy options to solid tumors with intratumoral heterogeneity. See Sessler, Chi, Kim, and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07171. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_13.txt,allv2,2019_13.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_2.png,C,"Alternative mRNA splicing allows for the expansion and diversification
of the proteome, and this process can be activated by specific stimuli, such as
small molecule metabolites. In this issue, Cui et al. reviewed recent findings on the
metabolic regulation of mRNA splicing, with a focus on the biochemistry of mRNA
splicing and the impact of metabolic cues on alternative mRNA splicing. A creative
approach to combining mRNA splicing and metabolites is shown on the cover, with
sushi representing splicing-regulating metabolites and an orange cat choosing and
emptying plates to represent RNA splicing. Cover design by Qingyu Shi and Colette
Maya Macarios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_4.txt,allv2,34_4.txt,"Since the discovery of DNA, scientists have focused on understanding how the sequence
of our genome can regulate the transmission of genetic material. However, recent advances
in genomic technology suggest that the linear sequence is only one factor involved
in regulating genome function. The functional properties of the genome also rely on
the inherent plasticity of chromatin via dynamic changes in its spatial and structural
organization inside the nucleus. Key to this plasticity is epigenetic modifications
including chemical modification of histones and DNA, nucleosome remodeling, and noncoding
RNAs. In appreciation of this rapid development, this special issue of Trends in Cell
Biology focuses on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of how the dynamic processes
of epigenetic and chromatin components integrate to regulate critical cellular processes.
The cover depicts an abstract interpretation of chromatin fibers that can be organized
to form looped domains inside the nucleus. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/OlgaYakovenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_2.txt,multiBv1,24_2.txt,"Splicing kinetics are an important aspect of splicing and have a vital
role in shaping the resulting splice isoforms present in mature RNA. Merens and
colleagues review recent advancements in analyzing pre-mRNA splicing kinetics
and methodologies for measuring intron excision rates in vivo. Understanding these
kinetics is essential for elucidating intron removal mechanisms and splicing's role
in
gene regulation. Over the past decade, various approaches have generated differing
results, leading to some controversy. This review summarizes the advantages and
limitations of these methods and explores ways to reconcile these discrepancies.
Cover design by BSIP",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,"In this Special Focus – Genomic Regulation issue, Trends in Cell Biology delves into
the nucleus to examine recent findings on myriad forms of genomic regulation, from
co-transcriptional splicing to Xist, and the role of such regulation in cell biology.
The cover was inspired by the concept of the DNA double helix as a starting point
for an impressive technical feat: employing layers of regulatory mechanisms in order
to engineer the specific expression patterns needed for proper cellular function.
Drawn in the style of Leonardo da Vinci, the DNA double helix is depicted alongside
Italian mirror writing describing technical aspects of the major and minor grooves
and the nucleotides. Cover image by Jackie Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/21_7.txt,ave_2,21_7.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_7.png,C,Atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials serve as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena and provide practical solutions for various applications. Featured,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_4.txt,sbert,2020_4.txt,"In this Letter, Kumar et al. describe the use of intense light illumination to prepare atomically thin graphene, boron nitride, and MoS2 2D sheets via photoexfoliation, a novel scalable synthetic approach to achieve pure graphene and inorganic analogues. Credit: Shutterstock.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_11.txt,multiBv1,2022_11.txt,"A data-driven biomimetic approach is used to mimic the functionally graded structure of the Coscinodiscus species diatom for the design of architected honeycombs with tunable mechanical properties. The proposed approach leads to a novel design, which features a performance increase of 250% with respect to conventional honeycombs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,train
innovation,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/6_2.png,D,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Earth, home of human beings, is 70% water and 30% land which has nurtured
splendid civilizations and flourishing lives. The cover story of this issue reflects
the evolution of Earth by merging an unknown planet in a unified scene with different
landscapes throughout the history such as glacier, desert, ocean, mountain, river
and magma. The contrast between the past to reality can best illustrate our respect
to our motherland. It is not only the subjects of geoscience studies, but also the
common goal of all multidisciplinary research and the shared duties of mankind to
understand, care and protect our planet to build a better future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.png,B,"Carbon electrode–molecule junctions offer a reliable platform for revealing and understanding the intrinsic properties of materials at the molecular-length scale, thus forming the basis for building a new generation of functional integrated circuits and sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. See Guo and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00133).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_4.txt,multiBv1,2015_4.txt,The use of traditional chemical tools together with the molecules and machinery of the cell have opened a new frontier in our ability to synthesize complex molecules and molecular systems with new properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,allv2,2017_10.txt,"Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_1.txt,sbert,2016_1.txt,val
innovation,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_6.png,A,"On the cover: MXenes, regarded as the “wonder” of two-dimensional materials, exhibit
extraordinary physicochemical properties and show great promise for a wide range of
applications, including energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, biomedicine,
printing circuits, and more. A transformative gas synthesis route eliminates the expensive
precursors and enables direct fabrication of pure-phase and low-defect MXene, tackling
the longstanding challenge of synthesis of high-quality MXenes by the conventional
liquid phase etching route. Compared to the costly and winding liquid-phase etching
route, the gas-phase synthesis pathway is more economical and efficient, accelerating
the transition of MXenes from laboratory to industrial applications.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the cover: In recent years, driven by the new round of scientific and technological
revolution coupled with carbon neutrality, energy structure is undergoing unprecedented
changes. Biomass energy can be obtained from abundant resources by a number of applications,
which are zero-carbon and have the unique effect of carbon-negative emission. Meanwhile,
advanced conversion technologies, such as BECCS, pyrolysis, and biohydrogen, are also
joining the way to make a better bioenergy. Clean products of biomass have been promoted
to a prospective future. Combination of biomass energy development and advanced technology
will realize a more flexible and imaginative use of biomass, contributing to green,
low-carbon, and sustainable development. For a bright and recyclable future, we should
improve the use of biomass energy and unlock its huge potential for energy conservation
and carbon reduction.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_4.txt,sbert,4_4.txt,"On the cover: Human civilization has been boosted by the development of chemistry,
from fire-using to artificial fuels and chemicals. The advancement of chemistry brings
us closer than ever to the nature of microscopic universe. Now, chemists are playing
a critical role to develop green energy and intelligent materials. For a bright future
of humanity, more and more breakthroughs in chemical technology are needed.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_4.txt,multiBv1,2_4.txt,"On the cover: The development of advanced materials to serve the needs of mankind
and society is the mission of materials scientists. Nowadays, materials scientists
are creating new materials with rich properties and functional applications by playing
with various structures, from atomic scale to macro scale.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_12.png,C,"We are only now beginning to understand the natural tumor immune surveillance mechanisms
and why our immune systems sometimes fail to halt tumor development and growth. In
this issue, Pellegrini and colleagues discuss how encouraging results with the latest
immunotherapies, particularly those relating to cytokines, have generated new enthusiasm
in the field. The cover image ``Tumor with T- cells'' shows normal cells in pink,
cancer cells in green, lymphocytes in white and blood vessels in red. Designed by
Drew Berry, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/31_5.txt,ave_3,31_5.txt,"A key contributor to cancer-related mortality is metastasis — the process
where cancer cells disseminate from their original site to other body parts. During
the
metastatic cascade, cancer cells are challenged by hostile, highly dynamic and distinct
environments. Technological progress in ribosome profiling and other RNA sequencing-based
approaches has significantly deepened and expanded our understanding of the complex
ways in which cancer cells rapidly alter messenger RNA (mRNA) translation — a multistep
and highly coordinated process for protein synthesis — in response to environmental
stresses
(such as low oxygen, limited nutrient availability, immune response). In an article
of this issue,
Chen, Navickas, and Goodarzi discuss how changes in the translation machinery are
tailored
to specific sequence and structure information encoded in the mRNA, and interconnect
with
additional regulatory layers to drive breast cancer progression and metastasis. They
also
explore how understanding this complex process can be harnessed for developing novel
breast cancer treatment strategies, particularly those aimed at overcoming drug resistance
and
inhibiting the spread of cancer cells. Cover image is an adaptation of Figure 1 by
Chen et al.
designed via Adobe Illustrator and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_10.txt,ave_2,45_10.txt,"Abnormal iron metabolism has long been regarded as a key metabolic
hallmark of cancer. Although the role of iron in tumor cells has been widely studied,
recent studies have uncovered the interplay of iron metabolism between tumor cells
and immune cells which may affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.
In a Review article of this issue, Zhang and colleagues present an overview of iron
homeostasis in cancer cells, discuss the current understanding of the regulatory
networks involved in iron metabolism within cancer cells, and explore how tumor iron
homeostasis affects or results from immunoregulatory therapy. Several key challenges
and potential therapeutic approaches for future investigations are also outlined.
The
cover image illustrates a transferrin-containing form of iron, which is the predominant
form under physiological conditions. Cover designed by Huai-Qiang Ju and Yan-Yu
Zhang via Cinema 4d and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,"The recent emergence of oxidation state selective probes of cellular iron has produced
a more nuanced understanding of how cells utilize this crucial nutrient to empower
enzyme function, and how ‘labile’ ferrous iron contributes to iron-dependent cell
death and various disease pathologies. These findings suggest a new category of therapeutics
exhibiting ferrous iron-dependent pharmacology. In a Review of this issue, Renslo
and colleagues review recent insights into the role of labile ferrous iron in biology
and disease, and describe new therapeutic approaches designed to exploit this divalent
transition metal. Cover image shows the structure of human ferroportin (orange) bound
to hepcidin (green) and cobalt (PDB ID: 6WBV). Heavy and light chains of anti-ferroportin
antibody are shown in pink and purple. Cover designed by Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/42_12.txt,allv2,42_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.png,A,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,groundtruth,23_7.txt,"Noncoding RNA therapeutics, inspired by the Perspective on p629.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_5.txt,ave_2,20_5.txt,"RNAi-based drug design, inspired by the Review on p341.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_8.txt,allv2,23_8.txt,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,ave_3,23_12.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_7.png,D,"On the cover: Tsikriteas et al. present the development and comparison of various lead-free piezoelectric inks for
wearable technology. The printed systems exhibit excellent printability and strong
adhesion. The cover image highlights the integration of these systems into practical
real-world applications, showcasing their enhanced piezoelectric performance and advancements
towards more sustainable solutions in wearable tech. The cover design was created
by Ehsan Faridi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_5.txt,multiBv1,5_5.txt,"On the cover: Liang et al. explore machine learning in the field of materials science
by predicting polymer compatibility. In the cover image, a plant with neural network
roots is depicted and being watered with molecules representing nutrients. The sun
is rising in the background, indicating the potential of machine learning for materials
science exploration. Image created by Zhilong Liang, Yuxuan Zhu, Yichun Liu, et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"On the Cover: Spectral splitting infrared-transmissive photovoltaic cells enable separate
harvesting of ultraviolet/visible and infrared light when coupled with a discrete
thermal receiver. In this paper, Codd et al. integrate and demonstrate a system that
generates solar electricity and high-temperature heat in a modular, small-footprint,
and high-efficiency design. Image by Daniel Codd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Ng et al. demonstrate a self-driving digital twin that is designed to automatically improve
the performance of roll-to-roll printed solar cells using high-throughput, closed-loop
techniques driven by machine learning. This month's cover depicts a robotics-controlled,
high-throughput roll-to-roll printer that prints out solar cells, much like what has
been demonstrated in the paper. The cover was designed by Leonard Ng Wei Tat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.png,D,"The catalytic dimerization of terminal alkynes is an effective method for the synthesis of 1,3-enynes. Recent research focuses on developing catalysts without the use of noble metals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_16.txt,sbert,2020_16.txt,"We successfully employ readily available oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical precursors to couple with pyridinium salts, selectively introducing the amide group into pyridine architectures. The key innovation lies in the successful integration of an acridinium-based photocatalyst, which enables the formation of amide bonds through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,"Pd-catalyzed C–H arylation of benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles at the C7 position has been developed.  This unique regioselectivity can be explained by the presence of water, which promotes a ring opening of benzoxazoles or benzothiazoles affording (thio)hydroxy-chelate intermediates.  This reaction was also applied to the synthesis of 2-amino-6-arylphenols, which are building blocks for the preparation of pharmaceuticals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2016_6.txt,allv2,2016_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,test
Biophysical Reports,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_2.png,B,"On the cover: Exchangeable dyes enable stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of lipid exchange
during membrane fusion. STED super-resolution microscopy can induce photobleaching
that limits long-term sample observation. To circumvent this problem, Carravilla et
al. use exchangeable dyes that only temporarily bind to their target. A recently developed
polarity-sensitive exchangeable plasma membrane probe based on Nile Red permits the
super-resolved quantification of membrane biophysical parameters in real time with
high temporal and spatial resolution and long acquisition times.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"On the cover: Single-photon arrivals are the rawest form of data available. One by one, these
arrivals update our knowledge as to the state and dynamics of a single-molecule system
labeled with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs. This cartoon highlights
the essence of a three-part manuscript appearing in Biophysical Reports (single-photon, single-molecule (sm)FRET I-III) on a single-photon smFRET framework
leveraging Bayesian nonparametrics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"On the cover: Super-resolved image of the microtubules in HEK293T cells for dSTORM imaging in
a fiber-based, square-shaped flat-field setup. Super-resolution microscopy allows
complex biological assemblies to be observed with remarkable resolution. However,
the presence of uneven Gaussian-shaped illumination hinders its use in quantitative
imaging or high-throughput assays. Methods developed to circumvent this problem are
often expensive, hard to implement, or not applicable to total internal reflection
fluorescence imaging. Lam et al. propose a cost-effective method to overcome these
challenges by using a small square-core multimodal optical fiber as the coupler. This
method was characterized with a range of samples and illumination modes to demonstrate
its ability to produce highly uniform images under all conditions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,test
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_4.png,A,"On the cover: The cover of this month’s issue of Cell Reports Physical Science summarizes the research of Li et al. on the preparation of multiscale hydrogels. The background represents a hydrogel’s
macroporous structure, which provides space for cells. The hydrogel (upper left) affects
mesenchymal stem-cell fate with local stiffness-enhancing structures (lower left)
and promotes bone regeneration (bottom right). This research has promising applications,
such as the possibility to be used as a 3D printing ink (upper right). The cover was
produced by Zhibao Xiao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated
in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest
of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.
Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,multiBv1,4_9.txt,"On the cover: This artistic representation showcases a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V screw
designed for spinal procedures. Karavasili et al. show that its fenestrated, microstructured geometry enables precise antibiotic release
via an injectable hydrogel composite, promoting osteoblast activity and inhibiting
bacterial growth. A fusion of engineering and biomedicine, this innovation potentially
offers a safer, patient-specific alternative to traditional bone cement. Image by
ScienceBrush Design.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Engineered living materials are an exciting technology at the interface
of materials science and engineering. Li et al. design engineered living hydrogels
by integrating genetically modified Escherichia coli cells into hydrogels for robust biocatalysis in pure organic solvents. This cover
image features the Chinese legend The Cowherd and the Weaving Maid, representing the meeting of living materials and biocatalysis. Image credit: Yong
Hu and Xin Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.png,D,"Neurology in the midnight sun, inspired by the Q&A on p453.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_5.txt,multiBv1,20_5.txt,"Overlapping phenotypes, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.txt,allv2,20_12.txt,"The digital clinic, inspired by the Perspective on p738
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_1.txt,sbert,20_1.txt,"Spectrum of disease, inspired by the Review on p602.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,val
Matter,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_6.png,C,"On the Cover: This month showcases our first “Researcher's Choice” issue. To highlight
materials science beyond a single title, the Matter team turned over editorial control to the research community, allowing them to choose
and feature recent research they found inspiring and interesting. Our contributors
selected a veritable smorgasbord of articles spanning the breadth of materials science,
highlighting over 40 individual research groups and their work. Pick and choose what
you like from the menu—all selections are fulfilling!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_5.txt,ave_3,4_5.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Matter marks the beginning of our second year of publishing. To celebrate, we arranged a
special anniversary issue and invited contributions from a variety of exemplary researchers.
We herein invite the materials science community to help us celebrate an exciting
rookie season and kick off our sophomore year with a piece of symbolic birthday cake,
decorated (of course) with materials. Image credit: Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"On the cover: This month marks the 5-year anniversary of the publication of our first
issue of Matter, volume 1, issue 1 on July 3rd, 2019. Since our launch, each article has represented a small piece of materials
research, a kind of “building block” contributing to the overall progression of materials
science. This “building block” theme has been a motif across the years of Matter, reflected in our branding, and now commemorated by the cover, which depicts a celebratory
“five” among building blocks. The five colors (white, red, blue, green, and yellow)
are also no accident, representing both 5 years as well as five innovations our team
has brought to academic publishing (see this month’s editorial by Steve Cranford). Join us as we celebrate our anniversary!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"On the cover: If you’re a researcher in materials science, take a brief moment to
reflect on the contributions you’ve made. Highly cited papers or not, you’ve contributed
to the growing base of human knowledge. This foundation leads to ongoing progress
and new discoveries in a self-sustaining manner. To celebrate our fourth anniversary
of Matter, we reflected on our entire catalog of publications–over 500 research articles across
48 issues (pictured on the cover). In this issue, we highlight four invited authors
(Chen, Dickey, Snurr, and Zhang; see Editorial by Cranford, p. 2095–2098) who helped
us launch and grow over the past four years and continue our growth with four new
contributions to the materials community.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_4.png,A,"is proud to announce the winners of the 2023 Excellence in Review Awards, recognizing outstanding peer reviewers for the journal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022.  The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.  Congratulations to all!",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,"The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_4.txt,ave_3,2022_4.txt,"Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering  Excellence in Review Awards 2022.  The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,test
Nature Water,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_10.png,C,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"Isotope monitoring of river flow dynamics
River flow dynamics, encompassing all interactions and processes that regulate water movements within river systems, are influenced by various factors such as precipitation and land use. Understanding these dynamics is essential for water resource management within ongoing hydroclimate and land-use changes. By analysing stable isotopes in water molecules from rivers globally, Vystavna and colleagues identify the young water fraction (<2−3months) and introduce an indicator of dynamic water retention that shows river flow dynamics are influenced by land use and hydroclimate characteristics. The cover shows the Schlögener Schlinge in the upper Danube valley in Austria, where the Danube almost forms a circle. In large river catchments like the Danube, contributing tributaries exhibit varied catchment and climate characteristics, leading to contrasting trends in young water fraction and dynamic water retention.
See Vystavna et al.
Image: Walter Geiersperger/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,multiBv1,2_12.txt,test
Nature Cancer,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_1.png,A,"2024 in Review
This month we present a dedicated issue, Focus on 2024 in Review, that includes news, analysis and comment pieces on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: Ernie Janes / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Year in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus on 2021 in Review issue that includes news, analysis and comment on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the most popular primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the last 12 months.
See our December Editorialand associated Focus content.
Image: From left to right from the 2021 Nature Cancer articles by Vanhersecke et al.; Klemm et al.; Tu et al.; Westcott et al. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"2022 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2022 in Review’, that includes news, analysis and comment on the most exciting advances and biggest challenges of the past year, together with a selection of the most popular primary research articles published in Nature Cancer over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content
Image: Milos Luzanin / Alamy. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"2023 in Review
This month we present a dedicated Focus issue, ‘2023 in Review’, that includes news, analyses and comments on the advances and challenges of the past year, together with highlights from the primary research articles published in Nature Cancer and elsewhere over the past 12 months.
See our December Editorial and associated Focus content.
Image: ICP-Tech / Incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_12.png,B,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_1.txt,sbert,41_1.txt,"On the cover: Routy et al. review the microbiota research in the context of melanoma. The cover image demonstrates
the interplay between melanoma cancer cells and microbiota visually. An intricate
network of lines creates connections that symbolize the link between intestinal bacteria
and melanoma, highlighting the recent research included in the content, visually showcasing
the intricate relationship between the two. Image credit: Simon Rohlen, known as KEF!.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shiao et al. (pp. 1202–1213) found that commensal bacteria
and fungi have opposing effects on radiation-induced anti-tumor immunity, with commensal
bacteria promoting anti-tumor immunity and commensal fungi suppressing it. The cover
art is an abstract alcohol ink painting representing the crosstalk between the gut
microbiome and the tumor growing in the tissue following exposure to a stream of radiation.
Artwork by A.J. Wolf.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_4.txt,allv2,39_4.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_5.png,C,"Estimates of global dryland changes are often conflicting. This Review discusses and quantifies observed and projected aridity changes, revealing divergent responses between atmospheric and ecohydrological metrics owing to plant physiological responses to elevated CO2. See Lian et al.
Image: Felix Cesare / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_9.txt,ave_2,2_9.txt,"The terrestrial biosphere stores carbon in a land carbon sink, offsetting emissions of carbon into the atmosphere. This Review demonstrates that the magnitude of the land carbon sink has increased over time, but that its stability in the future is less clear and depends on effective implementation of nature-based solutions.
Image credit: Surasak Suwanmake/ Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"The future of the land carbon sink depends on the temperature response of ecosystem respiration. This Review explores observational and experimental evidence for a unimodal temperature response of respiration and the implications for carbon sequestration predictions.
Image credit: Amith Nag Photography/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"Carbon capture and storage has a fundamental role in limiting anthropogenic warming to 1.5–2°C. This Review discusses the basis, potential and limitations of in situ mineral carbonation as a carbon capture and storage strategy. See Snæbjörnsdóttir et al.
Image: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, CarbFix. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.png,C,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,multiBv1,26_1.txt,"‘Shaping cell signalling’, inspired by the Review on p638
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_3.txt,sbert,19_3.txt,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,"‘Cellular stress’, inspired by the Review on p346
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_8.txt,allv2,22_8.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_5.png,A,"Examining dataset responsibility in machine learning
Machine learning and deep learning algorithms depend on high-quality training data. Mittal et al. present a large audit of computer vision datasets and highlight the vital role of responsible databases in machine learning, emphasizing fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance. These principles are crucial for developing AI systems that are both effective and ethically sound.
See Mittal et al.
Image: Surbhi Mittal, IIT Jodhpur. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,"Looking for the right questions
Machine learning offers a powerful tool to scientists for probing data. But these tools must be developed with the right questions in mind. This issue features a Perspective exploring the challenges for social sciences to connect to AI research, a Comment from conservation ecologists urging a focus on the right metrics and ethical approach for applying machine learning ‘in the wild’, and the next instalment of our Challenge Accepted series, highlighting the challenge of finding the right question — and prize — when organizing data science competitions.
Image: Gonzalo Rodriguez Gaspar, GRG Studios. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"Learning from human decision making
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms.
See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis
Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"Learning an atlas for the brain
Deep learning methods provide a powerful tool for the processing of biological and medical images. In this month’s issue, a deep neural network is used by Iqbal et al. for robust registration of brain images across different stages of brain development, and by Shan et al. to accurately reconstruct medical computerized tomography scans performed under low radiation doses. This issue also features an interview with Effy Vayena, who discusses the UK National Health Service’s recent code of conduct for using such AI-based systems in healthcare.
See Iqbal et al., Shan et al. and Q&A with Vayena
Image: Asim Iqbal and Romesa Khan, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_10.png,D,"A cell atlas of worm longevity
In this issue, Shihong Max Gao et al. use a model organism that has been fundamental to our understanding of aging biology — Caenorhabditis elegans — and generate a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas, profiling the cell-type-specific effects of aging and pro-longevity strategies. The cover image portrays two intertwined worms transitioning into swirling particles that stretch through time, assembling into a radial graph.
See Gao et al.
Image: Alps Xia. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_6.txt,allv2,4_6.txt,"Senescence and atherosclerosis
In this issue, Childs, van Deursen and colleagues demonstrate that senescent cells contribute to the degeneration of the protective fibrous cap in atherosclerotic plaques by neutralizing IGF-1 through the release of IGFBP3, which leads to a reduction in intrinsic cap repair mechanisms involving vascular smooth muscle cells. Senolysis, represented on the cover image as a protective hat on top of a plaque, prevents these deleterious effects and restores cap thickness.
See Childs et al.and the accompanying News and Views by Kabir & Greif
Image: courtesy of Hanneke and Jan van Deursen Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Brain mitophagy delays systemic aging
In this issue, Schmid and colleagues demonstrate that the cellular clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, via mitophagy, is compromised in the aging fruit fly brain. Genetic overexpression of neuronal BNIP3, a protein involved in the induction of mitophagy, was shown to delay systemic aging in the fruit flies. The cover illustrates engulfment of dysfunctional mitochondria in the brain for removal via mitophagy to promote healthy aging and depicts the fruit fly as the model organism.
See Schmid et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Lautrup and Fang
Cover image: Dr. Leila Fletcher. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_7.txt,sbert,2_7.txt,"Plasma membrane damage induces senescence
In this issue, Kojiro Suda, Yohsuke Moriyama, Nurhanani Razali and colleagues set out, using a genome-wide screen and gene-expression analysis in budding yeast, to better understand the cellular response to plasma membrane damage. The team discover that damage to the plasma membrane can limit replicative lifespan in yeast and induce senescence in human fibroblasts. The cover image shows kintsugi, the traditional Japanese art of repairing broken pottery by mending the cracks with urushi and gold. Kintsugi visibly incorporates the history of an object into its new form and thus transforms it. In this analogy, cell membrane damaged is repaired; however, rather than restoring the cell to its previous form, the new cellular nature is irreversibly changed and distinct from its previous state.
See Suda et al.
Image: Amy Cao. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_8.png,B,Immediate Consequences of Cigarette Smoking: Rapid Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Diol Epoxides. See Article on pp 246–252.    View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2011_11.txt,ave_2,2011_11.txt,"Wildfires and industry are common sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).  PAH metabolism determines rates of bioactivation, rates of detoxification, and ultimately risk. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes in young individuals (≤21 months) compared to adults to assess the potential of early life susceptibility.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2020_9.txt,ave_3,2020_9.txt,Exposure to an Environmental Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2021_4.txt,allv2,2021_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_10.png,D,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"‘The plant microbiome’, inspired by the review article on page 607.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_2.txt,ave_3,18_2.txt,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,sbert,20_11.txt,"Honeybee gut microbiota, inspired by the Review on p122.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_10.txt,groundtruth,22_10.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_10.png,C,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,val
Molecular Plant,17_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_4.png,D,"On The Cover Close-up views from sporulating colonies of three major leaf diseases of cereal crop
plants, powdery mildew, blast and rust (top to bottom). A Poaceae-specific protein consisting of a jacalin-related lectin and dirigent domain enhances
resistance against different pathogens in a trans-species specific manner. Image by:
Denise Weidenbach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/9_9.txt,allv2,9_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_12.txt,sbert,17_12.txt,"On The Cover The cover shows genetic engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice endosperm
by introduction of two regulatory and six structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway,
driven by endosperm-specific promoters, using a new vector system for high-efficiency
transgene stacking. The expression of the transgenes and their activation (or enhancement)
of 13 endogenous genes in the endosperm reconstructs the complete anthocyanin biosynthesis
pathway, creating a new germplasm ‘Purple Endosperm Rice’ (also called ‘Zijingmi’
in Chinese). Image by: Yao-Guang Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_6.txt,multiBv1,10_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology such as
the recently developed protein structure prediction tool AlphaFold2 can be used not
only for understanding the complex interactions between plants and microorganisms
but also for designing crop varieties that can adapt to future environments. Plant
pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) influence pathogen susceptibility and plant
growth by regulating pectin methyl esterification. However, constitutive expression
of PMEIs can disrupt cell-wall composition, leading to significant tradeoffs between
growth and defense. In this issue, Xia et al. employed AlphaFold tools to redesign
a modified soybean pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein that specifically targets
and inhibits pectin methylesterases (PMEs) of Phytophthora sojae, without affecting the developmental functions of plant PMEs, thereby conferring
enhanced disease resistance in soybean. The Image by Yeqiang Xia with the assistance
of AI: Bing images, chatgpt4/DALL. E and Photoshop software.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_4.txt,groundtruth,17_4.txt,val
ACS Central Science,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_11.png,B,"Prostate cancer shows intrinsic resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. We developed a cisplatin-based prodrug, Platin-L, which can overcome the resistance to cisplatin in prostate cancer and attack its dominant metabolic pathway. This is achieved by targeting the mitochondrial-membrane-bound protein carnitine palmitolyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and preventing transport of long-chain fatty acids to the mitochondria for oxidation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,"Unlocking the potential of broccoli in thrombolysis treatment: Our research shows that sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate in broccoli, significantly enhances the efficacy of clot-busting therapies in treating carotid artery occlusions. This finding paves a new way for incorporating nutritional elements into thrombolysis treatments, potentially revolutionizing stroke care and management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,sbert,2025_2.txt,"In a microtubule, electronic energy can migrate over distances that the conventional Förster theory cannot sufficiently explain. Anesthetics etomidate and isoflurane decrease energy migration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_10.txt,multiBv1,2023_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_4.png,B,"‘Looking back over 20 years’ inspired by the Viewpoint on p524.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_3.txt,ave_3,21_3.txt,"‘Learning across timescales’, inspired by the Review on p597.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"‘Talking in time’ inspired by the Review on p322.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_7.txt,multiBv1,21_7.txt,"‘Taking shape’, inspired by the Review p271.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_8.txt,allv2,24_8.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.png,A,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can effectively improve the titer and yield of 2′-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"We have developed a computational technique suggesting gene modification designs to accelerate the development of microbial cell factories. The technique comprehensively retrieves well-known designs from literature on the basis of the relatedness to the user?s design history, helping broaden the range of design options to drive the DBTL cycles further.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_4.txt,ave_3,2021_4.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_13.png,B,"On The Cover A DNA mycovirus converts a cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum into an endophyte on rapeseed that promotes plant health. The seedling inoculated
with virus-infected fungus grows vigorously. The virus-infected fungus growing on
rapeseed tissues is highlighted in the large circle. The green tube-like structures
are fungal hyphae, on which the dots with dark red color indicate virus particles.
Image by: Hongxiang Zhang, Daohong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_4.txt,ave_2,13_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_13.txt,groundtruth,17_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_12.txt,allv2,17_12.txt,"On The Cover A DNA mycovirus converts a cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum into an endophyte on rapeseed that promotes plant health. The seedling inoculated
with virus-infected fungus grows vigorously. The virus-infected fungus growing on
rapeseed tissues is highlighted in the large circle. The green tube-like structures
are fungal hyphae, on which the dots with dark red color indicate virus particles.
Image by: Hongxiang Zhang, Daohong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_3.txt,ave_3,13_3.txt,test
Organic Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_6.png,A,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,This cover art illustrates that when,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,Depicted on the front cover of this issue is art created by Brown University graduate student Giovannia Barbosa that reflects her discovery of science through the eyes of an underrepresented woman in chemistry. The cover and accompanying Editorial are part of ACS Publication's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_5.txt,ave_3,2022_5.txt,The cover art illustrates the synthesis of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_10.txt,ave_2,2024_10.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_2.png,A,"Is working memory (WM) domain-general or domain-specific? In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Nazbanou Nozari and Randi C. Martin explore the
domain-generality and domain-specificity of WM across three levels: computations,
neural
substrates, and applications. They propose a nuanced taxonomy, revealing the varying
degrees of domain-generality and domain-specificity across these levels, with practical
implications for WM training. The tiles on the cover visually represent the three
levels
explored by the authors. Cover image by Marissa Sirois.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,"The modular paradigm of brain function, according to which brain areas are assumed
to function independently in producing complex cognitive processes, has been the main
source of current knowledge of brain function. However, a paradigm shift is taking
place and a new approach to brain function has emerged that goes beyond the simplistic
mapping of cognitive constructs onto individual brain areas, but emphasizes instead
the joint function of brain areas working in concert as large-scale networks. On pages
277–290, Steven L. Bressler and Vinod Menon review recent developments in the emerging
paradigm of large-scale brain networks and demonstrate how this research is forging
a new understanding of the neural substrates of cognition by revealing how cognitive
functions arise as a result of interactions within and between large-scale networks.
Cover Image: Zap Art/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/14_8.txt,ave_3,14_8.txt,"Cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, language, social cognition,
and problem solving are integrated in distributed brain networks that strongly interact
and often partially overlap. From a network perspective, one outstanding question
concerns the functional interaction and potential for adaptive plasticity within and
between large-scale neural networks following a focal disruption. In this issue of
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Gesa Hartwigsen discusses the mechanisms by which neural networks compensate for
focal lesions of key regions. Cover image from iStock/Mahlebashieva.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"We spend a lifetime learning, storing, and refining a repertoire of diverse memories.
This diversity underlies the behavioral flexibility that humans and other animals
exhibit. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, James Heald and colleagues review a computational framework of such repertoire learning.
Key to the framework is that the brain associates memories with contexts and that
estimating the current context controls memory creation, expression, and updating.
This framework provides a unifying account of phenomena across numerous domains, including
classical and instrumental conditioning, episodic memory, economic decision making,
and motor learning. The cover image depicts different contexts, associated with manipulating
different objects in a variety of environments, which can lead to laying down distinct,
context-dependent episodic, procedural, and motor memories. Cover art by Matteo Farinella.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_12.txt,multiBv1,27_12.txt,val
ACS Materials Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.png,A,"Due to its unique properties, microneedles are a potential game-changer in advanced healthcare with a focus on drug delivery and diagnosis. Recently, the focus has been on developing new technologies for fabricating microneedles with improved performance. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Dual-functional materials with antibacterial and antifouling strategies demonstrate synergistic antibacterial action for various biomedical device applications. These surfaces are based on the combination of two components into one material system that can eradicate attached bacteria (via antibiotics, peptides, nitric oxide, and ammonium salts) and simultaneously release or prevent adhesion of biofoulants (via hydrophilic polymers, zwitterionic, topography, and bio-inspired surfaces). Created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_2.txt,sbert,2022_2.txt,"In this image we show an immunostained cryosection of an engineered cardiac microtissue, with cardiac troponin T (cardiomyocytes) in green, vimentin (fibroblasts) in red, and nuclei in blue. Dasatinib + Quercetin treatment results in a clearance of senescent fibroblasts and improvement of heart tissue functional parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_9.png,D,"Complex spatial cognition supports seemingly simple actions like picking up a coffee mug. In this Review, Fiehler and Karimpur discuss the spatial coding underlying such actions and suggest that research should integrate across spatial scales.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_11.txt,allv2,2_11.txt,"In this Review, Singh and Mehr find evidence for universality of emotional and behavioural responses to music.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Hearing voices has long been associated with severe mental illness, but also occurs in the general population. This Review describes the cognitive, neural, personal, and sociocultural processes that contribute to voice-hearing in clinical, non-clinical, and everyday experience, with an emphasis on linking mechanism to phenomenology. See Toh et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Sounds are generated by interactions between objects in the world. In this Review, Winkler & Denham describe how representations of sources and actions enable humans to segment complex auditory experience into meaningful units.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.png,D,"Scattered green light is accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion in a crystalline channel waveguide inscribed in the lanthanum boron germinate glass by a femtosecond laser beam. The waveguide consists of the stillwellite-like LaBGeO5 phase with a polar axis oriented along the waveguide. The green light is a second harmonic of infrared femtosecond pulses propagating in the crystalline waveguide (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 4670–4675).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_4.txt,ave_3,2017_4.txt,"Understanding CdTe thin-film growth is essential to enhancing its efficiency in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. Here, we investigated the growth dynamics of CdTe homoepitaxial films on Cd- and Te-terminated (111) surfaces at various temperatures using molecular dynamics and time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo simulations with a machine-learning force field. The background image is generated using the OpenAI DALL-E program.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,"Polycrystalline Ge is a leading candidate as a channel material for next-generation thin-film transistors; however,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,"Polycrystalline Ge is a leading candidate as a channel material for next-generation thin-film transistors; however, randomly existing grain boundaries have degraded device characteristics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_11.png,C,"Defects in mitochondria have broad consequences in the cell and have been implicated
in several human diseases. Recent studies have revealed a number of pathways that
respond to retrograde signaling from damaged mitochondria to eliminate or minimize
adverse consequences. On pages 577–586 in this issue, Topf et al. discuss a novel response pathway to mitochondrial protein import defects and overaccumulation
of mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol. The cover depicts lights from
a cop car (response pathways), which is one vehicle that responds to danger (mitochondria
damage). Cover courtesy of iStockphoto/Jari Hindstrom.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_6.txt,ave_2,26_6.txt,"Among the different forms of cell death is the nonapoptotic program, ferroptosis,
which is driven by the accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species as a result
of the loss of activity of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4).
In this issue (pages 165–176), Yang and Stockwell review the mechanism of ferroptosis
regulation and its implications in both normal and pathological physiology. The cover
depicts metabolic pathways (pipes) that converge to supply Gpx4 (hose) with the reducing
power (water) needed to eliminate oxidative damage to lipids, such as lipid peroxidation
(fire). Image designed by Nicoletta Barolini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_12.txt,allv2,26_12.txt,"Mitochondria play a crucial role in the regulation of ferroptotic cell
death. They are a major source of ROS, but also produce key metabolites to protect
the cells from lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. The cover illustrations shows
the metamorphosis of mitochondrial function from supporting cell survival following
oxidative damage to promoting ferroptosis and leading to cardiac damage. Cover
illustration by Sofia Ahola (www.sofiaahola.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,"It is well-established that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – the by-product
of our power plants (mitochondria) - are harmful to cells. Low levels of mitochondrial
ROS are now shown to play a ‘good’ role in cells, resulting in the exit from quiescence
of haematopoietic stem cells. In this issue, Maryanovich and Gross (pages 129–134)
review evidence for the existence of a mitochondrial ‘ROS rheostat’ that monitors
cellular fates. The cover art depicts mitochondria power plants that can generate
high levels of ROS (red pollution) or low levels of ROS (white pollution), and in
the middle the ROS rheostat that plays a role in regulating cell fate. Image courtesy
of Atan Gross.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/23_11.txt,multiBv1,23_11.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_6.png,D,"organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have emerged as a class of graphene-like materials with fully π-conjugated aromatic structures. Designing novel ligands is essential for the construction of new 2D c-MOFs with high crystallinity, excellent conductivity, and tailor-made functions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_18.txt,allv2,2024_18.txt,This account presents our current understanding based on recent progress and outstanding issues of interlayer materials in organic solar cells and proposes future directions and opportunities. The description on the structure–property relationship of interlayer materials will further promote the development of electroactive ionenes for interfacing hard–soft matter in organic electronics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_17.txt,ave_3,2022_17.txt,"Two-dimensional π-conjugated frameworks are suitable models to extract fundamental principles in complicated electrode processes, which features sharing with practical oxides. Therefore this approach is a powerful tool to unveil the microscopic mechanism of reversible electrochemical energy storage reactions, which is a key to advance renewable energy technology and accelerate decarbonization. Cover art by Ella Marushchenko. See article by Sakaushi and Nishihara (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00172).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2021_10.txt,sbert,2021_10.txt,"–organic frameworks, the electronic and electrochemical properties of the constituting components are conserved. Charge is transported by electron hopping between electronically isolated, redox-active components of different oxidation states, a process that is coupled to the diffusion migration of charge balancing counter ions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_9.png,C,"Glycosylation design and control is highly desirable in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
Our understanding of cell metabolism and regulation is rapidly advancing by multi-omics
techniques, in turn enhancing robust biotherapeutic development and production. Finally,
coupling new mechanistic insights with mathematical modeling leads to valuable tools
for designing cell lines and optimizing processes. In pages 835–846 of this issue,
Sha and colleagues provide their perspectives into controlling glycosylation through
systems biology. Cover image and design by Samantha Anthony.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_3.txt,allv2,34_3.txt,"Recent advances in the field of artificial metalloenzymes have made integrating these
“cyborg” enzymes into the metabolic networks of living cells well within reach. This
would allow bioengineers to expand the natural repertoire of enzymatic reactions and
conceive hitherto inaccessible pathways, which could be harnessed to produce value-added
compounds using cells as sustainable molecular factories. In pages 60–72 of this issue,
Jeschek and coworkers highlight recent developments in the field of artificial metalloenzymes
and critically discuss challenges and opportunities for their application in cells.
Cover conceptualized by Daniel Gerngross and Markus Jeschek, and cover image designed
by Tereza “Thora” Skoumalova.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_13.txt,multiBv1,36_13.txt,"Molecular engineering of insulin is illustrated by the red color code in the
DNA and further translated to the insulin molecules secreted from the yeast cell in
the
image center. In pages 464–478 of this issue, Kjeldsen and colleagues discuss rational
modification of the insulin structure. This can impact insulin self-association and
folding
stability, which translates to changes in secretory expression yield of critical importance
for industrial application, as illustrated in the bottom left. Cover image from Dr.
Søren
Østergaard, Novo Nordisk A/S.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"Analysis of protein structure variants is integral for identifying clinically actionable
targets in diseases, as well as designing novel disease diagnosis and therapy approaches.
In pages 519–531 of this issue, Ahmed, Koo, and colleagues discuss modern innovative
biosensors for protein structural analysis associated with aberrant phosphorylation.
Cover image conceptualized by Kevin M. Koo, Paul N. Mainwaring, and Matt Trau, and
created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/38_10.txt,sbert,38_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.png,C,"The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna
Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_5.txt,ave_2,6_5.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,ave_3,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics of freezing and melting. See Sun & Calzavarini.
Image: Galaxiid/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"The cover of this issue depicts clouds, the physics of which depends on the physics of ice nucleation. See Knopf et al.
Image: Andrew Holt/The Image Bank. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_9.txt,allv2,5_9.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_4.png,D,"Inequalities of parental responsibility
Maternal and paternal genomes contribute equally to the transcriptome of embryos during the early stages of their development. However, as the developing plant differentiates, the contributions from the parental alleles begin to vary with cell type.
See Zhao, P. et al.
Image: P. Zhao, X. Zhou, Y. Zheng, Y. Ren and M-X. Sun. Cover design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_2.txt,allv2,6_2.txt,"Opening up lines of communication
In lilies, the transition from bulb dormancy to bud growth directly affects multiple developmental processes, including shoot meristem activity, flower transition, inflorescence elongation and cut-flower quality. As part of the process, LoVIL1 epigenetically represses callose synthase from opening plasmodesmata and thus facilitates intercellular communication.
See Pan et al.
Image: Yunpeng Du, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_4.txt,sbert,9_4.txt,"Conditional editing
By combining a CRISPR–Cas9-based genome editing system with a cell-type-specific inducible system, genes can be knocked out at any developmental stage. This system efficiently removes target genes (marked with yellow fluorescence) in specific cell types (marked with red fluorescence).
See Wang, X. et al.
Image: X. Wang, L. Ye, and A. P. Mähönen, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_6.txt,multiBv1,6_6.txt,"Single-cell sequencing in seeds
Seed germination is controlled by the dynamic modulation of gene expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing can identify the gene regulatory networks that are specific to different cell types and states. In the image, different false colours indicate nuclei with distinct gene expression profiles in a germinating seed.
See Liew, L.C. et al.
Image: Lucas Auroux & Lim Chee Liew, La Trobe University, Australia. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_4.txt,groundtruth,10_4.txt,test
ACS Polymers Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_6.png,D,"Biobased polyesters derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) were successfully synthesized via enzymatic polymerizations in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. A more sustainable alternative to current routes is presented by combining green catalysis and green solvents to produce FDCA-based polyesters, paving a promising new direction for polymer synthesis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,"Schematic representation of large size polar aggregates formed via hydrogen bonding between phosphate-terminated cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains in natural rubber (NR). The presence of multiple large size phosphate aggregates suggests a potential mechanism contributing to the superior comprehensive properties such as strain-induced crystallization observed in NR compared to synthetic polyisoprene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,We highlight the “rock-like” nature of our hybrid composites obtained from covalently-linked recycled polyols obtained from post-industry use polyurethane materials and inorganic aluminosilicates.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_17.png,D,"Advanced molecular nanocarbons are now in the spotlight reflecting the basic discoveries of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Iconic helicenes and their congeners combine a unique π-electron system with helical chirality that makes them highly attractive in various fields of science. Cover art by Tomas Bellon. See article by Irena G. Stará and Ivo Starý (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00364).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_12.txt,allv2,2020_12.txt,"Resembling porous graphene, 2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring atomically ordered networks with 2D in-plane conjugations attract increasing research interests. Efficient and defined synthesis via elaborate molecular design enables both structural and functional control of such intriguing 2D organic materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_19.txt,multiBv1,2022_19.txt,"Rationally designed building blocks with multiple in-plane reactive groups grow into flat oligomeric patches through irreversible covalent bond formation without the aid of preorganization or templates, which further turn into nanospheres, thin films, and toroidal nanotubular microrings. This approach, using irreversible covalent bonds for the synthesis of shape-persistent and robust nanostructures, enrich",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_6.txt,sbert,2015_6.txt,"Buckminster Fuller's innovative concept, face-rotating polyhedra (FRP), involves individual faces rotating around central axes, creating distinctive facial patterns while preserving the polyhedral core. Drawing from this mathematical inspiration, our group has constructed numerous chiral molecular cages resembling the FRP structure, utilizing building blocks that showcase C/A and P/M rotational patterns.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,val
ACS Sensors,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_3.png,C,"The sensitization of organic thin-film transistors with a phenol-reactive chromophore has enabled rapid, on-the-spot detection and differentiation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannbinol and cannabidiol, the major cannabinoids of interest for producers, consumers, and law enforcement. The on-device covalent complexation of cannabinoids affords evaluation of both liquid and vapor samples, providing the determination of cannabinoid ratios from whole inflorescence extracts with accuracy comparable to standard analytical techniques, and with picogram sensitivity. Artwork by Adam Shuhendler.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2019_3.txt,ave_3,2019_3.txt,"Quality control of food and beverages outside of laboratory settings represents a pressing set of applications for novel chemical sensing technologies. Here, a portable optoelectronic nose consisting of a 36-element linearized colorimetric sensor array and a palm-sized imaging analyzer permits the immediate identification of and differentiation among different types and brands of liquors, based on the analysis of the liquor aroma. Artwork created by Zheng Li and Ken Suslick.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2018_12.txt,allv2,2018_12.txt,"Ripe pears can undergo alcoholic fermentation. They release ethanol. Our system, based on enzymatic reactions, can image the distribution of ethanol released from pears. In other words, it is a conversion of odor information into visual information. It is expected that intelligent olfactory sensor systems will be used in agriculture, for example, to locate and sort ripe fruit based on odor-visual information.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This paper describes the realization of chemical sensing (taste), at the robot fingertips, towards expanding the sensing ability of robots. The new chemically sensitive robotic technology enables accurate discrimination between different flavors, as illustrated for testing a wide range of food samples. By expanding the sensing ability of robots to chemical sensory modalities, the flexible human-like robotic sensing skin holds considerable promise for diverse robotic operations. Artwork created by Aída Martin, Bianca Ciui, Rupesh Mishra, and Joseph Wang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_4.png,C,"Miniature structures of 1 m path length for a lossless ion manipulation (SLIM) ion mobility spectrometer are presented. The SLIM analyzer is constructed using multilevel SLIM technology and is small enough to fit in the hand, yet it provides high-quality ion mobility separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_48.txt,sbert,2022_48.txt,Isobaric and isomeric systems limit the diagnostic power of current newborn screening methods and require costly follow-up exams due to many false positive results. Here we explore the utility of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) to enhance the accuracy of MS assays for primary (tier 1) screening.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,"–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) as a point-of-need alternative for volatilomics. Furthermore, the capabilities and versatility of machine learning (chemometric) techniques used in the framework of GC-IMS analysis are also discussed. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,These images capture the  continuing development of a spatially multiplexed ion mobility-mass  spectrometer based on eight discrete analysis channels. Computational fluid  dynamics simulations and 2-dimensional ion mobility-mass spectra are depicted in  the insets. Image created by Dominic Doyle.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2015_21.txt,allv2,2015_21.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_10.png,C,"Radio rendez-vous
Radio relics are diffuse radio sources of highly energetic cosmic rays that are found within galaxy clusters. A combined optical, radio (red) and X-ray (blue) study of a colliding pair of galaxy clusters reveals that relativistic electrons ejected from an actively accreting black hole are efficiently re-accelerated at a cluster shock to produce bright, large-scale radio emission.
See van Weeren et al. 1, 0005 (2017).
NASA/CXC/SAO/R. van Weeren et al.; NCRA/TIFR/GMRT; NAOJ/Subaru. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"The bated bang behind the burst
The brightest gamma-ray burst of all time, GRB 221009A, has a fairly modest supernova behind it, according to JWST observations. This finding demonstrates that the GRB and supernova mechanisms are decoupled, and suggests that other factors must be responsible for the extreme energetics involved.
See Blanchard et al.
Image: Aaron M. Geller, Northwestern, CIERA & IT Research Computing and Data Services. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_7.txt,ave_3,8_7.txt,"Four eyes see better than one
Two thousand hours of observations split between four 25–32 m telescopes have produced a comprehensive overview of the high-energy radio emission from repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20201124A. The burst characteristics resemble those of non-repeating burst sources, suggesting a link.
See Kirsten et al.
Image: D. Futselaar/ASTRON/Chalmers/IA NCU/Astropeiler e.V/CC BY 2.0. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,test
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_5.png,A,"The motivations to protect oneself and others are often seen as
conflicting. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Joana B. Vieira and Andreas
Olsson draw on recent animal and human research to challenge the belief that self-preservation
must be suppressed to care for others. They suggest that neuroendocrine
mechanisms involved in individual defense are, in fact, essential for protecting others.
By reconceptualizing defense and care as convergent processes, this framework
opens new research avenues, including examining how defensive mechanisms
influence prosocial behaviors and how caregiving experiences affect defensive
tendencies in humans. Cover depicts a female Tana River mangabey and her infant.
Cover image from Anup Shah/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_5.txt,groundtruth,28_5.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Camilla Nord and Sarah Garfinkel discuss how signals from within the body can underly
emotion and how alterations in these body-based mechanisms can contribute to clinical
disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. A person taking an active role
in their mental health treatment is sometimes complimented as a “fighter” and therapeutic
approaches that target the body may be efficacious. The image on the cover depicts
the subject in a vulnerable moment; while the body can aid the fight for recovery,
peripheral body-based signals may also be integral to the pathophysiology of the condition
itself. This image represents the vines and barbes underlying these opponent processes
of bodily state. Image by Lottie Clarke.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_7.txt,multiBv1,26_7.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Christian Keysers, Ewelina Knapska, Marta A. Moita, and Valeria Gazzola review how
mice and rats robustly share the distress of their conspecifics through brain regions
that closely resemble those associated with empathy in humans. They discuss how this
emotional contagion may have evolved to help animals sense danger through the reactions
of their conspecifics. Rodents have now also been shown to engage in a number of prosocial
behaviors, and emotional contagion may promote such behaviors. The anthropomorphic
cartoon on the cover depicts these phenomena: a rat is in peril of falling to her
death, and the bystanders on the rock ledge turn to her, partake in her fear, and
attempt to help. The neurons on the rock symbolize our consolidating understanding
of the neural bases of these processes. Image by Gil Costa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_5.txt,allv2,26_5.txt,"Failing to control one's own behavior underlies several social and mental health problems.
On pages 132–139 Todd Heatherton and Dylan D. Wagner review a large body of recent
psychological and neuroscientific research on self-regulation failures, including
addictive or hedonistic behavior, lack of emotional control, as well as stereotyping
and prejudicial behavior. The authors propose a model of self-regulation that accounts
for relf-regulation failures in terms of a loss of balance between prefrontal cortical
regions that implement cognitive control and subcortical structures that drive appetitive
behaviors. Although facetious, the cover image (Brett Lamb/iStock Vectors/Getty Images)
powerfully demonstrates the detrimental effects of loss of control.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/15_11.txt,ave_2,15_11.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_9.png,B,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Background: Spatially Resolved Hydration Thermodynamics in Biomolecular Systems (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (20), 3619–3631. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpχb.2c01088). Clockwise from top left: Aggregation of DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles in Water: The Critical Role of Sequence-Dependent Conformation of DNA Coating (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (4), 847–857. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09450); Photochemical Reaction of Ketoprofen with Proteinogenic Amino Acids (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (10), 2098–2107. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10108); Nanopumps without Pressure Gradients: Ultrafast Transport of Water in Patterned Nanotubeσ (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (3), 660–669. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07562); Long-Range Charge Delocalization Mediates the Ultrafast Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer Dynamics at the Cu2+-Active Site in Azurin (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (29), 5390–5399. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01427); Distinctive Formation of PEG-Lipid Nanopatches onto Solid Polymer Surfaces Interfacing Solvents from Atomistic Simulation (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (7), 1598–1608. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07490); Influence of the Greater Protein Environment on the Electrostatic Potential in Metalloenzyme Active Sites: The Case of Formate Dehydrogenase (J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126 (22), 4069–4079. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02260).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_18.txt,multiBv1,2023_18.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Background: Polarizing Perspectives: Ion- and Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions Dictate Bulk Nanobubble Stability (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (29), 7263–7270. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03973). Top row from left: Structural Rearrangements of Pigeon Cryptochrome 4 Undergoing a Complete Redox Cycle (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (16), 3844–3855. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00424); Probing the Molecular Interactions of Electrochemically Reduced Vitamin B2 with CO2 (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (44), 10853–10860. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c05952). Bottom row from left: Supramolecular Chirality Achieved by Assembly of Small π-Molecules of Octahydrobinaphtols with Axial Chirality (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (18), 4464–4471. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08464); Atomistic Insight into the Lipid Nanodomains of Synaptic Vesicles (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (11), 2707–2716. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07982); Genetic Algorithm for Automated Parameterization of Network Hamiltonian Models of Amyloid Fibril Formation (J. Phys. Chem. B 2024, 128 (8), 1854–1865. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07322).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_22.txt,allv2,2022_22.txt,"The cover shows a collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. B. Clockwise from top left: Effective Na+-Binding Ability and Molecular Assembly of an Alkylamide-Substituted Penta(ethylene)glycol Derivative (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6349–6358. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03188); Tracking Ultrafast Fluorescence Switch-On and Color-Tuned Dynamics in Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophore (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (38), 10796–10804. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05936); Analyzing the Role of Surfactants in the Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles in Oil through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (23), 6315–6321. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01148); Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Networks (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (16), 4204–4211. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01058); How Hydrogen Bonding Amplifies Isomeric Differences in Pyridones toward Strong Changes in Acidity and Tautomerism (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (9), 2372–2379. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10873); Neuropeptides: Roles and Activities as Metal Chelators in Neurodegenerative Diseases (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (11), 2796–2811. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c11151).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_34.txt,sbert,2022_34.txt,test
Structure,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_3.png,B,"On the cover: The recent community-wide assessment of computational structure prediction
and ligand docking for human G-protein coupled receptors highlighted trends and limitations
in modeling targets of varying difficulty (artwork by Yekaterina Kadyshevskaya, The
Scripps Research Institute; see Kufareva et al., pp. 1108–1126). Kufareva et al. is
the first in a special series of articles on membrane proteins. Over the coming months,
Structure will publish reviews and perspectives highlighting the current progress in investigating
membrane protein structure and biology as well as the challenges faced by the field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/19_5.txt,allv2,19_5.txt,"On the cover: Synaptotagmin-1 C2A and C2B domains bind to model lipid bilayers mimicking
the synaptic plasma membrane (C2B) and the synaptic vesicle membrane (C2A). A native
mass spectrum of Synaptotagmin-1 binding to DOPS at different stoichiometries is shown
below the plasma membrane plane. Bender et al. combined native mass spectrometry and protein-lipid binding assays with molecular
dynamics simulations to investigate the lipid preferences of the two Synaptotagmin-1
C2 domains. Image credit: Julian Bender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"On the cover: Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycan adhesion receptors that interact
with multiple PDZ-containing proteins to regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion.
How syndecans select particular PDZ domains is not well understood. To address this
question, Liu et al. (pp. 342–354) examine the Tiam1 PDZ domain and its interaction
with syndecan1 and phosphosyndecan1 peptides. They show that syndecan/PDZ domain interactions
are regulated by intrinsic specificity and phosphorylation and that syndecan1 phosphorylation
decoupled the dynamics at the binding site from those at distal regions in the PDZ
domain. The image on the cover illustrates the syndecan intractome (background) and
how a PDZ domain selects its partner proteins. The decoupling of protein dynamics
by phosphorylation in the Tiam1 PDZ domain is shown schematically. Cover design by
Todd Adamson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/21_10.txt,multiBv1,21_10.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (blue/green) bound to
MD-2 (yellow), the terminal complex of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cascade at the
mammalian cellular membrane (gray) as part of the innate immune system. Multiscale
models were developed for this cascade, revealing the mechanism of funneled transfer
of agonistic LPS molecules (red), which leads to receptor activation via an allosteric
“gating residue” (cyan, top right). See Huber et al., https://www.cell.com/structure/fulltext/S0969-2126(18)30132-1.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_6.txt,sbert,26_6.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.png,A,"Convex-shaped Hammett plots allow to parametrize organic reactions and select the best catalysts for transformations with wide substrate scope, covering from electron-donor (ED) to electron-withdrawing functional groups (EWG).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_6.txt,groundtruth,2023_6.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,"PET is a pernicious pollutant, that takes hundreds of years to break down, and accumulates in the environment. Most current strategies to recycle PET are both costly and ineffective, making enzymatic strategies to biodegrade PET particularly attractive. In particular, PET-degrading enzymes are conformationally flexible, and evolutionary conformational selection provides a strategy to enhance their activity. This, in turn, shines light on new paths to rescue our plastic-polluted oceans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,sbert,2023_2.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_5.png,B,"On the cover: A UMAP visualization of 20,000 cells sampled from a dataset of 665,858
adult mouse brain cells. Circled datapoints downsample the data so that the overall
diversity of the dataset is preserved, as per the method presented in Hie et al. (483–493)
in this issue of Cell Systems. The underlying grid illustrates the intuition behind the method: divide transcriptional
space into boxes, and then sample uniformly from each box. Image courtesy of Benjamin
DeMeo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_1.txt,sbert,8_1.txt,"On the cover: Node distance distribution (NDD) ranking of areas in the human brain
surface indicated by colormap. In this issue of Cell Systems, Varga et al. consider time-lags when constructing functional brain networks and employ the statistical
distribution of network properties instead of analyzing a single averaged network.
They unveil a stable functional architecture that is characterized by a strong 0-lag
backbone and weaker, but informative links at different time delays. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_5.txt,groundtruth,15_5.txt,"On the cover: Distributional gene function. In this issue of Cell Systems, Pan et al. (p. 286) use cell viability changes following gene perturbation to automatically
learn cellular functions or pathways from data. Here, each gene is represented as
a data point in 3D space. On the XY plane, genes are arranged near each other if they
induce similar cell viability changes upon perturbation (UMAP projection). On the
Z axis, genes are plotted based on their association to a specific biological function
learned from the data. The strength of the association can be seen by the height,
size, and color of that gene's data point. Using this strategy, the authors build
interactive visualizations of inferred gene functions (https://depmap.org/webster/#/). Artwork by Andrew Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_9.txt,multiBv1,13_9.txt,"On the cover: Two heatmaps, super-imposed and offset for visual interest, show the
locations of CADM2 (yellow to bright red) and non-differentially expressed genes (blues
to deep red) on a visualization of cell-type-specific gene expression in the human
brain. The visualization was done using Similarity Weighted Nonnegative Embedding
(SWNE), an approach introduced in this issue of Cell Systems by Yan Wu, Pablo Tamayo, Kun Zhang (pp. 656–666).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,val
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.png,A,This special issue showcases the latest research in the application of computational modeling in environmental research. The front cover shows that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of aperiodic small molecule systems is a cost-effective and promising approach for investigating the reaction mechanisms of advanced oxidation processes at the subatomic level,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"entitled ""Photo-Energy Utilization for a Sustainable Environment:  Photo(electro)catalysis"" presents some of the latest photo(electro)catalytic research activities that are closely related to sustainable environmental issues.  The front cover highlights a perspective paper in the special issue investigating the solar-driven conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels as a sustainable solution for addressing the twin challenges of global warming and energy needs. The paper focuses on strategies to achieve high activity and selectivity for multi-carbon products in photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical CO2 reductions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"An experiment on PCDD/F inhibition was conducted in a full-scale MSW incinerator. The inhibitor (CH4N2S) is capable of decomposing at high temperatures and releasing active components that can effectively reduce chlorine sources and poison catalytic metals. Consequently, the inhibitor effectively suppressed PCDD/F generation, leading to cleaner emissions from the incinerator.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_3.txt,ave_2,2023_3.txt,"A systematic and critical review is presented for the three major challenges (i.e., wetting, mineral scaling, and fouling) that need to be addressed for the wide adoption of membrane distillation in practical applications. Here, we explain the fundamental mechanism underlying each challenge and discuss possible mitigation strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2021_12.txt,sbert,2021_12.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_5.png,C,"The cover highlights the X-ray structure of a cationic platinum σ-GeH complex.  This type of compound, often considered a key reaction intermediate, undergoes Ge-H cleavage, evolving to a low-electron-count platinum germyl species. DFT calculations have shed light on the nature of the interaction of the Ge-H bond and the platinum center and into the mechanism for the preference of formation of Pt-Ge/C-H instead of Pt-H/C-Ge bonds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,"We attempted to combine two pseudoclathrochelate species into one binuclear cobalt(II) complex using a B10Cl102– dianion as a pseudocapping agent. Unexpectedly, we obtained the cobalt(II) pseudochlathrochelate with a DMF molecule as a pseudocapping fragment to the H-bond-donor monocapped ligand by forming H-bonds. The system works similarly to an arcade machine that recognizes a DMF molecule among a range of possible H-bond acceptors. See A. S. Belov, Y. Z. Voloshin, A. A. Pavlov, Y. V. Nelyubina, S. A. Belova, Y. V. Zubavichus, V. V. Avdeeva, N. N. Efimov, E. A. Malinina, K. Yu. Zhizhin, and N. T. Kuznetsov.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2020_16.txt,multiBv1,2020_16.txt,"Insertion of the alkyl-substituted germylene Ge(FluTMS)2 with germanium halides opens different ways to form Ge–Ge bonds, as shown by the two isolated compounds (FluTMS)2Ge(Cl)GeCl3 and [FluTMSGeCl]4. The reaction with a Ge(I)Br solution is still a complex black-box system that has been slightly uncovered by using germylenes as cluster building blocks and observing their involvement in insertion reactions. The background image was created using Microsoft Designer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Like smaller and more common fullerene isomers, giant fullerenes also turn out to be capable of cage transformations under high-temperature chlorination with SbCl5, VCl4, or mixtures thereof. In the present case, drastic changes were introduced in the carbon cage of an isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) giant fullerene, C102 (isomer 19). Skeletal transformations initially resulted in the formation of a non-IPR, C102Cl20, and a more prolonged reaction produced nonclassical C98(NC)Cl26 and non-IPR C96Cl28 via the successive elimination of C2 fragments. We report molecular structures of the new compounds and suggest their formation pathways on the basis of density functional theory  calculations. See O. N. Mazaleva, I. N. Ioffe, F. Jin, S. Yang, E. Kemnitz, and S. I. Troyanov.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2018_17.txt,ave_1,2018_17.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_9.png,C,"Trophic rewilding
A sunrise silhouette of waterbuck on the Urema floodplain of Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park. Gorongosa’s wildlife was devastated by civil war in the 1980s and 1990s, but has lately been flourishing under a pioneering rewilding programme. The recovery of waterbuck and other large herbivores has dramatically reduced the abundance of invasive shrubs, which suggests that restoring large mammal populations can revive lost ecosystem functions.
See Guyton et al.
Image: Jen Guyton. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_8.txt,multiBv1,4_8.txt,"Focus on coral reefs
Coral reefs are among Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystems but are dramatically declining worldwide. The lower species richness of corals on degraded reefs can further diminish coral growth and survivorship, suppressing ecosystem function and leading to additional coral reef decline.
See Clements and Hay
Image: Cody Clements, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"Herbivory in warming oceans
A green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) feeding in a seagrass meadow. As the oceans warm, some large herbivores are migrating poleward, with potential consequences for their primary source of food. When exposed to excessive grazing, seagrasses across the subtropics are less resilient than their more tropical counterparts, which places them at risk for degradation and eventual habitat collapse.
See Campbell et al
Image: Shane Gross. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Changing interactions
Hummingbird–plant mutualism is an ideal system to study climate-change pressures on ecological communities, given the availability of interaction and occurrence data. Even though species in Andean communities, such as this spangled coquette (Lophornis stictolophus), tend to have small geographic distributions, the communities appear resilient to future climate changes, unlike communities in lowland South America and in North America.
See Sonne et al.
Image: Jesper Sonne. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/6_7.txt,sbert,6_7.txt,test
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.png,C,"Brain network analysis, inspired by the Review on p73
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,multiBv1,20_8.txt,"Brain asymmetries, inspired by the Review on p383.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,sbert,20_2.txt,val
Developmental Cell,60_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_2.png,C,"On the cover: Artistic representation of the increasing complexity of the developing
mouse embryo. The bright colors represent the embryonic lineage (epiblast), whereas
the dark blue color represents the supportive (extraembryonic) tissues. After the
blastocyst implants (E4.5, top, middle image), the embryo transforms into an early
egg cylinder (E5.5, top, right image). At E5.5, the epiblast (white/cyan) is an epithelial
monolayer surrounding the proamnioitic cavity. By E7.5 (bottom right), the epiblast
is patterned into anterior (yellow/orange) and posterior (white/cyan) regions, which
further increases its complexity, initiating organogenesis at E8.5 (bottom left).
To learn more about the process of embryonic morphogenesis, read Kim et al., pp. 1937–1956.
Image credit: Yung Su Kim and Ivan Bedzhov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_9.txt,allv2,57_9.txt,"On the cover: The image shows examples of 3D epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which model
the early gastrulating mouse epiblast, arranged artistically. The general structure
of the 3D EpiSCs is depicted by F-actin staining (sepia) and a nuclear DAPI staining
(cyan). Cells that express the primitive streak marker Brachyury are shown in magenta.
To learn more about how these cells emerge in homogenous culture conditions and provide
insight into early mouse development, see Sato et al. Image credit: Marta Shahbazi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_15.txt,ave_2,59_15.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of mouse preimplantation development from zygote
to expanded blastocyst stage. During blastocyst formation, the first three embryonic
lineages are established. Unspecified cells (yellow) progressively segregate into
extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm externally and primitive endoderm internally;
red) and inner cells at the origin of the embryo proper (pluripotent epiblast; green).
To learn more about the role of PI3K in murine epiblast and primitive endoderm specification,
see Geiselmann et al. Image credit: Adèle Micouin and Michel Cohen-Tannoudji.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_2.txt,groundtruth,60_2.txt,"On the cover: FGF4 signaling via FGFR1 and FGFR2 receptors is required for the establishment
and maturation of the pluripotent epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PrE) layers
in the developing mouse blastocyst. Late-stage wild-type, Fgfr1−/−, and Fgfr1−/−;Fgfr2−/− blastocysts are arranged in concentric circles, highlighting the requirement for
both receptors in inner cell mass (ICM) lineage specification. The inner circle consists
of wild-type blastocysts with specified and segregated PrE (cyan) and EPI (red) layers.
The middle circle consists of Fgfr1−/− blastocysts whose ICM is predominantly comprised of EPI cells and a few PrE cells.
The outer circle consists of Fgfr1−/−;Fgfr2−/− blastocysts whose ICM is exclusively composed of EPI cells. In the absence of FGF4-FGFR
signaling, the PrE program is not maintained and ICM cells default to an alternate
EPI-like identity. To learn more about the relative roles of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in lineage
specification in the ICM, see Kang et al., pp. 496–510, and the related paper by Molotkov
et al., pp. 511–526, in this issue. Image created by Vidur Garg and Anna-Katerina
Hadjantonakis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/41_2.txt,ave_3,41_2.txt,val
BDJ,237_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_3.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on aesthetic restorations, implant-supported overdentures, and supporting dentists’ health and wellbeing.
Art ©Anupama Karn, Image ©oxygen/Moment/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/231_11.txt,allv2,231_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,groundtruth,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This Orthodontic-Restorative Interface themed issue features articles on orthodontics and perio, orthodontics and implants, and orthodontics and tooth wear.

Cover image: From 2012. The retrospective cover which forms the centrepiece of the cover image of this issue is from the 2012 London Olympics series (Volume 212 Issue 4, 25 February 2012). Despite years of gloom by naysayers that the London venue would spell doom, gloom and chaos, the reality turned out to be a happy and joyous celebration completely within the Olympic spirit. Centred on this occasion is a relay race with the passing of the baton but substituting a toothbrush.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Russ Tudor",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_8.txt,ave_3,237_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,multiBv1,237_11.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.png,D,"The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_10.png,B,"Vertebral variety
Mounted specimen of Edaphosaurus boanerges, a pelycosaur synapsid, from the collections at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Pelycosaurs are the most ancient forerunners of mammals; however, despite their bizarre sails, it is likely their backbones were relatively uniform in function, more similar to living lizards or salamanders than to mammals.
See Jones et al
Image: Katrina Jones, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_10.txt,sbert,4_10.txt,"200 years of dinosaurs
2024 marks 200 years since William Buckland presented Megalosaurus, arguably the first dinosaur to have been named by science. Depictions have changed since Mary Morland Buckland’s sketches of the Megalosaurus jaw accompanied her husband’s work, and a wealth of palaeontological and palaeoecological discoveries in the interim two centuries lie behind Mark Witton’s 21st-century take on a megalosaur attacking its sauropod prey in a lush Jurassic forest landscape.
See Editorial
Image: Mark P. Witton. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Armoured ankylosaur
The holotype specimen of the armoured dinosaur Spicomellus afer. Spicomellus (pictured here) is the earliest ankylosaur so far described and the first from Africa. The specimen comprises spikes directly fused to the animal’s ribs, a morphology unique to this species.
See Maidment et al.
Image credit: Jonathan Jackson, The Natural History Museum. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"Lost worlds
A celebration of some of the extinct species that have featured in our pages since our launch. Top, left to right: Suskityrannus hazelae and Mansourasaurus shahinae; middle, left to right: Ingentia prima, Elasmotherium sibiricum, Caelestiventus hanseni, Inquicus fellatus and Chimerarachne yingi; bottom, left to right: an anurognathid pterosaur and Ursus spelaeus.
Image: Owen Davey – Folio Art. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_9.png,A,"Deep-blue OLEDs shine
Suppressed Dexter transfer is needed to achieve efficient and stable hyperfluorescence, but complex matrices must be involved. A molecular design strategy has been proposed where Dexter transfer can be substantially reduced by an encapsulated terminal emitter, leading to ‘matrix-free’ hyperfluorescence.
See Cho et al.
Image: Pierangelo Pirak, Pomona Pictures. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_9.txt,groundtruth,23_9.txt,"Hot and bright graphene plasmons
The optical emission of graphene under pumping with femtosecond laser pulses contains a strong component linked to plasmon emission from the hot electrons in the system.
See Kim et al.
Image: Sunhyung Hwang. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"A blue-emitting phosphor without thermal quenching is reported. The emission losses at high temperatures are compensated by a counter mechanism, originating in energy transfer between electron-hole pairs and thermally activated defect levels.
Article p543; News & Views p500
IMAGE: YOON HWA KIM AND WON BIN IM
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/16_8.txt,allv2,16_8.txt,"Much less exploited than the spectral and spatial properties of surface plasmons (SPs) are their local density of states (SP-LDOS), which rule a number of important nanoscale phenomena. Using two-photon luminescence microscopy, the SP-LDOS in ultrathin gold nanoprisms is now visualized directly, allowing for the SP modal distribution to be tuned.
Article p426; News & Views p380
IMAGE: E. DUJARDIN, CEMES CNRS
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/12_8.txt,sbert,12_8.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_14.png,D,"On the cover: Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit for which there is no curative therapy.
Recent advances in the design and application of gene therapies targeting the inner
ear provide a compelling opportunity to prevent hearing loss in both children and
adults, improving brain development, language acquisition, and quality of life. Despite
this progress, delivery of gene therapies to the inner ear, housed inside the densest
bone in the body, remains a challenge requiring surgical approaches for intra-cochlear
infusion of vectors. Ranum et al. (609–612) report the unexpected finding that AAVs
delivered into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-human primates are capable of
therapeutic levels of cochlear transduction. Shown here are three AAVs (expressing
green, red, and teal reporters) that transduce the cochlear apex in a monkey following
CSF delivery. Among the transduced cells are inner auditory hair cells, the primary
sensory receptors in hearing. Image credit: Luis Tecedor, Beverly Davidson Lab.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_16.txt,allv2,31_16.txt,"On the Cover:This image shows a neonatal mouse cochlea labeled with antibodies that recognize Sox2
(green), which marks the supporting cell nuclei, and filamentous actin (red), which
marks cell membranes and the chevron-shaped stereociliary bundles on the apex of sensory
hair cells. Supporting cells are promising therapeutic targets for sensory hair cell
regeneration for the treatment of hearing loss, the most common sensory disorder worldwide.
See Samarajeewa et al., pp. 904–911.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,"On the Cover: The mouse auditory organ with sensory hair cells stained in green (Myosin 7a) and
neurons of the 8th cranial nerved stained in red (TuJ1). See Single and Dual Vector Gene Therapy with
AAV9-PHP.B Rescues Hearing in Tmc1 Mutant Mice by Wu et al. (973–988). Image credit: Carl Nist-Lund and Jeffrey R. Holt.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_13.txt,sbert,29_13.txt,"On the cover: Scanning electron micrograph of the sound mechano-sensitive hair bundle, a key target
for Clarin-2-mediated therapeutics to preserve audition. Mendia and colleagues demonstrate successful maintenance of hearing through AAV gene delivery to the inner
ear. Image credit: Sandrine Vitry and Jean-Marc Panaud.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_14.txt,groundtruth,32_14.txt,val
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.png,B,"-conjugated polymer films with orientation factors of ~0.9, large homogeneous areas (2 × 3 cm2), low roughness (50 nm), high strength (30 MPa), and excellent reproducibility (~96%). Herein, mechanistic investigations determine the velocities of the polymer-chain orientation, conformational change, and C–C bond elongation during iSOFT processing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_2.txt,ave_3,2022_2.txt,This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,allv2,2023_11.txt,"Organic materials typically feature low thermal conductivity and can be engineered into ordered patterns. In this work, hydrogen bonds were used to drive nucleation of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2019_7.txt,ave_2,2019_7.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_4.png,C,"Vanadium doping effectively optimizes the spin states of mesoporous Co3O4 nanorods with a desirable eg~1.0 configuration at the Oh-sites, enabling enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity for a long-lasting rechargeable Zn–air battery, offering a promising power source for next-generation electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_12.txt,multiBv1,2021_12.txt,The catalytic activity of LaCoO3 perovskite toward toluene oxidation can be improved by A-site defects regulation and the Rs is closely associated with the O p-band center.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2025_2.txt,sbert,2025_2.txt,"Ru doping in a Ni-MOF rod array regulates the d-band center of Ni-MOF. The Ru dopant activates the adjacent Ni atom in electrochemical NO3RR. As such, the Ni-MOF-Ru rod array delivers enhanced NO3RR activity and Zn-nitrate battery performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Understanding the determinants of eNRR kinetics will guide an efficient electrocatalyst design for electrochemical nitrogen reduction. The zigzag S-H geometry of Cu1.81S(010) promotes the adsorptions of nitrogen and proton through electrical energy (robot arm), facilitating NH3 production for the future society.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.png,A,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,"Flash separation of metals
Metal recycling plays a crucial role in mitigating the shortage of critical metals and reducing reliance on primary mining. However, current liquid hydrometallurgical methods consume substantial amounts of water and chemicals while also generating problematic secondary waste. On the other hand, pyrometallurgical processes are often energy intensive and lack selectivity. Now, James Tour and co-workers report a chlorination process that makes use of direct electric heating for the selective separation of critical metals from electronic waste (denoted as electrothermal chlorination, ETC). The ETC process represents a potential shift in metallurgy that could minimize metal supply-chain shortages. The cover shows a carbon paper heater used for the ETC process during electric heating.
See Deng et al.
Image: Shichen Xu, Rice University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_95,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_95.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots for Scientific Discovery. Studying honey bees in their native environment is challenging because of their sensitivity to external disturbances. Ulrich et al. developed a robotic system for automated observation of the behavior of honey bees in a comb continuously for a month-long period. The system uses computer vision to intelligently track the queen bee, worker bees, and the brood in nesting cells of the comb. It detected key behavioral metrics at the individual and social level within the colony. This month’s cover is an image of the camera of the robotic system tracking the honey bees on the comb. Credit: Martin Stefanec",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_95.txt,groundtruth,9_95.txt,"ONLINE COVER Lab on Wires. Understanding how insects fly may inspire future developments in micro-aerial robotics. However, studying the free-flight of insects can be challenging due to their high speed of motion and small size. Furthermore, existing approaches to study insect flight can cause the insect to fly unnaturally, thus limiting any insight gained. Pannequin et al. track the free-flight of insects in natural conditions with limited disturbance using a cable robot called ""lab-on-cables."" The cable robot is an open cage mounted with cameras. The cage, attached to cables, moves automatically with the flying insect to track the insect's flight. This month's cover is a photograph of the lab-on-cables. [CREDIT: D. MARTINEZ]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/5_43.txt,allv2,5_43.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Go Fish! Colonies of insects, flocks of birds, and schools of fish are able to produce complex global behaviors through simple local interactions. Inspired by nature,  Berlinger et al. achieve complex 3D collective behavior with fish-inspired robots called Bluebots. Using implicit vision-based coordination, a swarming school of Bluebots, called Blueswarm, demonstrated synchrony, aggregation-dispersion, dynamic circle formation, and search-capture behaviors. This month's cover is a composite photograph of a Blueswarm (see also the Focus by  Wolek et al.) [IMAGE CREDIT: FLORIAN BERLINGER]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_50.txt,ave_2,6_50.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Opening Doors. Robot swarms are designed to achieve complex global behaviors through simple local interactions between robots with very rudimentary sensing and locomotive abilities. Boudet et al. demonstrate that a swarm of primitive, centimeter-scale, vibrating robots bound by a deformable metal scaffold can give rise to directional motion. The mechanically coupled motion of the simple robots and the scaffold enable nontrivial space exploration in specifically configured environments. This month's cover is a photograph of a swarm of simple robots in a flexible membrane passing through a door. [CREDIT: HAMID KELLAY, JEAN FRANÇOIS BOUDET, BENJAMIN GORIN/UNIVERSITY OFBORDEAUX]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_56.txt,sbert,6_56.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_397,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_397.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week, Kjær et al. characterize signaling by GPR183, a GPCR for oxysterol ligands that mediates the migration and positioning of immune cells in tissues. The authors found that GPR183-dependent cell migration required receptor desensitization by β-arrestin proteins, but not receptor internalization. The image shows molecular dynamics simulations of potential interactions between the C tail of GPR183 (green) and β-arrestin-1.  Image: Kjær et al. /Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_779.txt,allv2,16_779.txt,"COVER This week's issue includes a Review that discusses the importance of the interactions between Eph receptors and their membrane-bound ephrin ligands in normal and oncogenic development. The image shows EphB2 (green) in a complex with ephrin A5 (blue) and is adapted from PDB structure 1shw. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_15.txt,multiBv1,1_15.txt,COVER This week features a Perspective on the role of molecular scaffolds in mediating crosstalk between different classes of seven-transmembrane receptors. The image depicts β-arrestin (PDB 1jsy).,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_397.txt,groundtruth,2007_397.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes simple engineered protein scaffolds for creating adjustable MAPK circuits in cells. The image shows an artist's rendition of various forms of the scaffold interacting with the three kinases of the MAPK pathway. [Image: C. Bickel/Science Signaling],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_383.txt,sbert,8_383.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_7.png,D,"Small fragment molecules are vital for exploring receptor pharmacology and serve as building blocks for drug development. Advanced NMR techniques enable in situ identification of small-molecule ligands targeting receptors within native cell membranes, expanding drug discovery strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,"CXC (cysteine-any-cysteine) motifs can be utilized for enhancing cellular uptake of cationic miniproteins and peptides, which takes advantage of thiol-disulfide exchange reactions on the cell surface; and the “arginine magic” essential to almost all cell-permeable miniproteins and peptides is unexpectedly forsaken by the CXC-mediated cellular uptake. Image credit: Zhuoru Li",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2018_2.txt,allv2,2018_2.txt,The cover picture highlights work with protein farnesyltransferase whose specificity was probed by screening peptide libraries prepared via SPOT synthesis. These experiments provide insights into the relationship between isoprenoid structure and protein specificity and reveal significant differences between prenyltransferases from different species that may be useful for drug design. Art designers: Josh Ochocki and Yen-Chih Wang,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2014_5.txt,sbert,2014_5.txt,"Measuring the cell penetration of biotherapeutics is challenging. New techniques are revealing precisely how much of a peptide or oligonucleotide drug penetrates to the cytosol or nucleus of target cells. Excitingly, these techniques are now being used to reveal differential penetration into different cell types, allowing drug developers to better understand how these drugs get into cells and what governs their cell-type selectivity. Cover art was generated with the assistance of Canva Magic Studio and Adobe Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_5.png,A,Interpreting immune cell behavior and signaling is critical to understanding Alzheimer's neuroinflammation. Preventing neurodegeneration is the goal of reorienting attention from Aβ synthesis to immune-mediated clearance. Successfully addressing obstacles such as negative immune reactions might result in notable progress in the field of immunotherapy by enhancing the accuracy of treatment.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"In human induced pluripotent stem cells, chronic, physiological doses of amyloid beta produced significant functional impairment without increased cell death or increased accumulation of tau protein. This finding could provide clues to the mechanisms of early synaptic decline in Alzheimer?s disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_6.txt,multiBv1,2018_6.txt,"The BBB crossing ability and thioamide-to-amide regioselective transformation of CM2 probe allowed unambiguous and differential detection, imaging and quantification of HOCl in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and wild-type (WT) mice brains. This study established and validated the elevated level of HOCl (green) proximally localized with amyloid plaques (red) in the AD mouse brain as reliable marker to expand the repertoire of biomarkers for diagnosis of AD. Image credit: Thimmaiah Govindaraju",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_1.txt,ave_2,2019_1.txt,Aβ42 toxic conformer taking a turn at positions 22 and 23 is highly aggregative and forms toxic oligomers. TxCo-1 is a conformational antibody designed to specifically recognize Aβ toxic conformer and reveals its accumulation in the brain of AD patients.  Art designer: Takashi Tsujino,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_4.png,A,"Stressful environments provide unique ecological niches for microbial
evolution. The cover schematic depicts multiple strategies that bacteriophages
(phages) can adopt to cope with various physicochemical stressors, such as
extreme temperatures, radiation, and toxic pollutants. In this issue, Dan Huang and
colleagues review the impact of various environmental stressors on the physiological
state and community dynamics of phages and explore the adaptive strategies
employed by phages in response to these stressors. They also discuss the ecological
consequences of phage-host interactions within stressful environments. Image
courtesy: Dan Huang",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish
in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish
chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir
in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss
how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system
to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance
in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress
can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the
field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance
might look like if microbes ran in marathons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_9.txt,allv2,24_9.txt,"The cover art depicts an imaginative scenario wherein various microbes
are seen attending a class on the different types of genetic mechanisms that they
could
employ in order to survive various stresses, in turn enhancing their ability to infect
different
hosts. This illustration captures the essence of this Joint Special Issue and forms
a unifying
basis for the different article themes featured within. Image courtesy: Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/29_14.txt,sbert,29_14.txt,"Phages have evolved anti-defence systems (ADSs) to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms, forming complex antagonistic interactions with bacterial
defence systems. This cover image uses a chessboard as a visual metaphor for
how phage populations evolve layers of anti-defence strategies to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms. The floating elements next to the bacterial and phage pieces
symbolise “the moves” they can make to combat one and other – molecular
mechanisms they utilise. The cover illustrates some examples of those molecular
mechanisms (phage pieces and machinery are in grey, bacterial are in orange). For
instance, bacterial restriction-modification system (enzymes with cloud-like shape)
cleaves unmodified phage DNA, but phages evade the recognition by modifying
DNA; bacterial retron Ec78 cleaves endogenous tRNA-Tyr (yellow), preventing phage
protein translation, but phages overcome translation shutdown by encoding their
tRNA-Tyr, enabling their replication. In this issue, Murtazalieva and colleagues discuss
these and many other ADSs and their interplay with bacterial defence systems.
Image courtesy: Khalimat Murtazalieva, Aleksandra Petrovskaya, Abhishek Rawat,
Robert Finn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.txt,multiBv1,32_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/6_1.png,C,"The Tibetan Plateau is being irreparably altered by anthropogenic forcings. This Focus Issue explores the geological, surface and climatic processes interacting across timescales, and highlights the need for collaboration to protect this fragile environment.
Image credit: Liu Xiaodong/VCG via Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_3.txt,ave_3,3_3.txt,"The scale and tragedy of the giant tsunamis in 2004, 2010 and 2011 led to a revolution in tsunami monitoring. This Review assesses the advances in tsunami observation, monitoring and hazard assessment, which have allowed near-real-time early warning systems to be developed. See Mori et al.
Image: Jan Hakan Dahlstrom/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"Understanding of the Sumatran subduction zone and its hazards has increased since the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. This Review commemorates the 20th anniversary of this event by outlining these insights and how they can inform future strategies to improve tsunami preparedness.
Jon Bower / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"The Indian Ocean has undergone substantial heat and freshwater changes. This Review uses various data sources to examine the causes of such contemporary and longer-term shifts, revealing that trends over the twentieth century are linked to anthropogenic forcing, but that those since 1980 are related to the Interdecadal Pacific oscillation. See Ummenhofer et al.
Image: Somnuk Krobkum / Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,train
Nature Photonics,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/19_2.png,D,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,"An artist's illustration of a cross-section through a spherical liquid-crystal microresonator. Made from droplets of liquid crystal housed in a sheet of transparent elastomer, such microresonators can tune their resonant wavelength over an unprecedented scale when exposed to an electric field.
Cover design by Humar et al.
Article by Humar  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"Dynamic non-reciprocity
Suitably tailored temporal modulations in coupled photonic crystal cavities can realize non-reciprocal signal transport in a magnet-free nanophotonic platform. In the pictured device, light flows as indicated by the white arrows, thus allowing it to function as an optical circulator, breaking the inherent transmission symmetry of Lorentz reciprocity.
See Sounas and Alù  11 , 774–783 (2017)
Image: Erik Zumalt, Dimitrios Sounas and Andrea Alù, The University of Texas at Austin.Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/11_1.txt,ave_3,11_1.txt,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,test
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.png,D,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Springing into action
Preventing freezing droplet accretion on surfaces is of practical importance, yet challenging. Now, Zuankai Wang and co-workers report a rationally designed structured elastic surface with spring-like pillars and wetting contrast, which can leverage the water volume expansion during the freezing process to drive the spontaneous ejection of freezing water droplets, irrespective of their impacting locations. The cover image shows a render of two ice droplets on the structured elastic surface, one of which has been ejected from a spring that was compressed temporarily due to freezing.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Hangzhou Sphere Ltd. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"Artificial transmembrane transport
Building artificial cells that mimic the functions of biological cells represents a fundamental challenge. A major bottleneck is the transport of substances across the artificial cell membrane. Now, Nan-Nan Deng and colleagues demonstrate an endocytosis-/exocytosis-like transmembrane transport in a liposome-based system. By utilizing interfacial energy, liposomes can reversibly engulf and excrete oil microdroplets, which can subsequently be exploited as reconfigurable oil-based channels for molecular transport. The cover illustrates the shuttling process of ions and DNA across the oil-based channels.
See Tian et al. and Parikh
Image: Nan-Nan Deng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.txt,sbert,1_6.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,groundtruth,1_11.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_16.png,D,"The strategic utilization of urea as a redox-active, anion-binding directing group enables a highly stereoselective [3+2]-cycloaddition under photocatalysis of a cationic iridium‒chiral borate ion pair.  The association of the borate with the urea radical cation via hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions is the key for attaining high catalytic activity and stereocontrol.  See Ooi and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09468",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_5.txt,ave_2,2020_5.txt,"Non-heme FeV(O) complex, the active intermediate  proposed for Fe-mediated oxidation reactions, has been quantitatively  synthesized at room temperature. This FeV(O) complex oxidizes a  series of unactivated alkanes having different C–H bond dissociation energies.  Linearity in the Bell–Evans–Polayni graph suggests H abstraction as the  rate-determining step. See Sen Gupta and co-workers, p 9524. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_26.txt,allv2,2014_26.txt,"A terminal oxo complex of Co(III) has been isolated and structurally characterized. This molecule challenges traditional notions of bonding and structure and enables the study of well-defined late transition metal oxo species that are often invoked as important catalytic intermediates, but are rarely observed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_11.txt,ave_3,2018_11.txt,"= 1 FeIII−(O22−)−CuII complex performs a H-bonding-mediated O−O bond cleavage in the presence of phenol, thereby providing insight into the prerequisites necessary for the efficient 4e/4H+ reduction of O2 to H2O in heme copper oxidases.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.png,D,"Atomic manipulation, also known as probe chemistry, demonstrates remarkable capabilities in moving atoms and molecules on a surface and even promoting on-surface chemical reactions. This delicate tool, offered by scanning probe techniques, enables site-selective chemical reactions, allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring of π-magnetism in various nanographenes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,Cover illustrates nanometer-thick collector films of lithium batteries relying on a closely packed crossed-lamellar structure for excellent damage resistance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.png,C,"In this Review, Muraki et al. discuss how studying individuals with an inability to form mental images can provide insight into the relationship between mental imagery and the mental simulations involved in embodied cognition.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"In this Review, Bell et al. describe current VR-based treatments for mental health conditions and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"In this Perspective, Fried et al. argue that limited progress in understanding, predicting, and treating depression despite a wealth of empirical research stems from issues in the methodological and theoretical foundations of depression measurement.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_8.png,D,"Advancing materials discovery for high-temperature applications
In this issue, Matthew D. Witman and colleagues use a graph neural network approach to automate the prediction of defect formation enthalpies in any crystallographic site from an ideal crystal structure. The method has the potential to aid in future materials discovery problems, particularly for materials with clean energy and high-temperature applications, such as the golden crystal structure depicted on the cover, which has a light source in the back representing a high-temperature environment.
See Matthew D. Witman et al.
Image: Oleksiy Maksymenko / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"Computational design of metamaterials
Metamaterials have garnered substantial research interest due to their ability to engineer materials properties not found in nature — which typically arise from specially designed structures — thus presenting unique opportunities across various fields. In order to facilitate the rational design of these metamaterials’ structures, computational methods have been widely employed, but numerous challenges remain to be addressed. This issue includes a Focus that consolidates the state-of-the-art computational algorithms for metamaterials design, highlighting current advancements, existing challenges, and future opportunities. In addition, the Focus explores challenges in manufacturing design and the potential applications of advanced metamaterials, such as optical and mechanical computing.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: OsakaWayne Studios / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_5.txt,multiBv1,4_5.txt,"Computational design of 2D quantum defects
Quantum defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials are considered important candidates for next-generation quantum technologies. However, the reduced dimension brings in difficulties, such as anisotropic dielectric screening and strong many-body interactions, which encourages the development of advanced first-principle theories for guiding rational design of 2D quantum defects. In this issue, Yuan Ping and Tyler J. Smart discuss the recent achievements in advanced electronic structure theories for 2D quantum defects, and further examine the theoretical and methodological challenges in the field.
See Ping et al.
Image: KTS Design / Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_3.txt,sbert,1_3.txt,"Semiconductor discovery with data-driven strategies
Computational methods can play a key role in the discovery of semiconductor materials, such as the chips depicted on the cover. In this issue, Lijun Zhang and colleagues highlight data-driven computational frameworks for improving semiconductor discovery and device development, as well as discuss recent advances, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
See Zhang et. al.
Image: MirageC/Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_1.png,C,"Preventing the cross-over
Polysulfide-based redox flow batteries have great potential for grid-scale storage, but they suffer from performance deterioration primarily due to active species cross-over through membranes. Yi-Chun Lu and team develop a Nafion-based membrane that prevents the cross-over and enables these batteries to achieve long-term operational stabilities.
See Lu et al.
Image: Yi-Chun Lu, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_8.txt,ave_1,6_8.txt,"Batteries at the crossroads
Post lithium-ion battery strategies have long been proposed to achieve higher energy output and longer lifespans than lithium-ion batteries. Despite tremendous research efforts and improvements, questions remain as to whether they will realise their full market potential. In this issue, we highlight important advances in key aspects of fundamental processes in four representative post lithium-ion batteries, which lay foundations for their future development.
See Nature Energy 1, 16147 (2016).
Image: Monty Rakusen/Cultura/Getty.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Harnessing the strengths of both worlds
High-energy positive electrodes in batteries often face challenges related to low stability and energy efficiency. Huang et al. demonstrate that combining polyanion and rocksalt structures — integrating the characteristics of two primary families of positive electrodes — enhances capacity retention during cycling at high energy densities.
See Huang et al.
Image: Zhongke Yunyan (Shandong) Information Technology Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Additives work wonders
Lithium-metal batteries offer great potential for high-energy-density storage but suffer from limited charging capability and cycling stability. Zheng et al. report that by tuning a dual salt electrolyte composition with additives, the performance of lithium-metal batteries (whose working lithium electrode is shown here) can be significantly improved.
See Zheng et al. 2, 17012 (2017) and News and Views by Zheng &amp; Wei, article 17029.
Image: Zheng et al. Cover design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/2_10.txt,multiBv1,2_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_1.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p470.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_5.txt,sbert,19_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p613.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_3.txt,ave_3,19_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p747.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p767.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_10.png,C,"Focus on DEI
This issue presents a Focus in which we explore the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in computational science. The Focus features commentaries on representation and education, as well as insights on improving the design and application of computational tools to better serve various communities and to ensure fair and equitable practices.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: smartboy10 / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"The future of Earth-system modeling
Weather and climate prediction has achieved steady progress over the past few decades thanks to advances in computational science. Nevertheless, our Earth-system models must adapt, and fast, to the explosion of data challenges and to future computing architectures. In this issue, Bauer et al. discuss the current limitations in the field and potential solutions to best exploit what new digital technologies have to offer.
See Bauer et al.
Image: lowball-jack/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,"The rise of digital twins
Recently, there has been growing interest and enthusiasm in using digital twins to accelerate scientific discovery and to help researchers and stakeholders with critical decision-making tasks. While the industrial and engineering spaces have seen more developments in digital twin technology, multiple other areas of science — from climate sciences to medical and social sciences — have also realized the potential of digital twins for bringing value and innovation to myriad applications. Nevertheless, many challenges still need to be addressed before the research community can bring the promise of digital twins to fruition. This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the state of the art, challenges and opportunities in the development and use of digital twins across different domains, with the goal of fostering discussion and collaboration within the computational science community regarding this burgeoning field.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: zf L / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"Implementing digital twins at scale
A digital twin is a complex computational model (or a set of coupled computational models) that continually receives and integrates data from a physical entity (for instance, an aircraft) to provide an up-to-date digital representation of that entity. The digital twin paradigm has seen significant interest across a range of application areas as a way to support data-driven decision making, but most implementations are custom-based, which makes it challenging to deploy them at scale. In this issue, Niederer et al. discuss challenges and opportunities for scaling digital twins, and Kapteyn et al. propose a mathematical representation of asset-twin systems as a first step to enable digital twins at scale.
See Niederer et al. and Kapteyn et al.
Image: teekid/Getty. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_11.png,A,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"Black mental health
The month of February commemorates Black History Month, a time to celebrate the many contributions of Black people in the United States. Black history is interwoven with achievements but also a legacy of discrimination and oppression. The cover image evokes the notion that Black mental health is profoundly affected by history, yet even through great adversity, there is an opportunity to thrive. The flowering vines include red, gold and green, three of the four colors that symbolize unity and pride throughout the African Diaspora.
See our Editorial for more on the need for acknowledging and uplifting Black mental health during Black History Month.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p143.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p241.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p331.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_7.txt,multiBv1,19_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.png,C,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"The autonomous boat is navigating and monitoring the heavy metal pollution in the lake. Its automation and compact design could relieve the interference on the wildlife from humans for the environmental security control, showing a harmonious scenario promoted by this technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,"This captivating cover art symbolizes the complex interplay of factors driving eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The artwork illustrates the intricate relationship among environmental variables, sediment nutrient release, and microbial communities in West Lake, revealing the critical role of submerged plants and microbial diversity in shaping nutrient dynamics. This comprehensive study sheds light on the dynamics of internal nutrient loading, providing insights crucial for effective ecosystem management and water quality preservation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,An Li and Karl J. Rockne of the University of Illinois Chicago ready a sampling rig called a spider to collect sediment cores to study persistent organic pollutants in Lake Superior.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.png,C,"This month Nature Medicine features a collection of articles focusing on regenerative medicine (pp 814–880). Cover image: ""My Life as a Hill"" by Pamela Goode",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_5.txt,ave_3,20_5.txt,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,multiBv1,25_12.txt,"30th anniversary issue: the Future of Medicine
As Nature Medicine turns 30 years old, we will, throughout 2025, be looking at the future of medicine. In this first issue, we turn our attention to next-generation drug discovery.
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,allv2,10_12.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_7.png,A,"CO2 is catalytically hydrogenated to methanol at the active interface sites between the highly dispersed gallium clusters and the In2O3 support, while Ga2O3 nanoparticles inhibit the adsorption and dissociation of H2, resulting in increased CO by-product.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The debut of cyclic alkyl amino carbene on the gold nanoparticle surface leads to the selective reduction of CO2 to CO.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_16.txt,allv2,2024_16.txt,"Modulation of the electrode interface microenvironment directly impacts the performance of CO2 reduction. A stable surface hydroxylation environment was successfully created by capping gluconic acid, as a freshly oxidized product of glucose, on a newly formed Cu2O catalyst surface to enhance *CO adsorption and thus the formation of C2+ products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_1.txt,multiBv1,2023_1.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,sbert,2015_11.txt,val
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.png,C,"The functional exploitation of wild medicinal plants by local stakeholders requires an in-depth quali–quantitative knowledge of their specialized metabolites. This is mandatory for pursuing sustainable and innovative value chains. In this context, field marigold from five neighboring Cilento coast locations represents our study case.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,ave_3,2024_4.txt,"Leptospermum honey bioactivity is defined by methylglyoxal concentration in the honey, which has been shown to correlate with dihydroxyacetone (DHA) concentration in the nectar from which the honey is derived. A new UPLC-MS/MS method is established to detect and quantify DHA, glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels in Leptospermum scoparium nectar. Aerial image by ACI.CAPTURE.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,Factors contributing to honey botanical origin and volatile fingerprint: (1),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"In the cover, we can find the three agro-industrial residues of economic importance in California that we used as sources of phenolic compounds in our study: pomegranate peels, almond hulls, and elderberry pomace. The phenolics (represented by their three-dimensional chemical structures in the art) were extracted from the residues using NADES, natural deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride and organic acids (also represented as three-dimensional structures). Moreover, the extraction conditions were optimized with response surface methodologies, as indicated by the graph shown in the art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,test
Nature Computational Science,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_4.png,A,"Focus on DEI
This issue presents a Focus in which we explore the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in computational science. The Focus features commentaries on representation and education, as well as insights on improving the design and application of computational tools to better serve various communities and to ensure fair and equitable practices.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: smartboy10 / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"Computing a greener tomorrow
This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the potential of computational tools to help address sustainability and environmental issues — including those covered by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — as well as discuss how the tools themselves can be made more sustainable moving forward. The Focus consists of conversations with and insights from experts from various fields, addressing a wide range of applications under the umbrella of environmental and sustainable computing.
See Editorial
Image: Fanatic Studio / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"The rise of digital twins
Recently, there has been growing interest and enthusiasm in using digital twins to accelerate scientific discovery and to help researchers and stakeholders with critical decision-making tasks. While the industrial and engineering spaces have seen more developments in digital twin technology, multiple other areas of science — from climate sciences to medical and social sciences — have also realized the potential of digital twins for bringing value and innovation to myriad applications. Nevertheless, many challenges still need to be addressed before the research community can bring the promise of digital twins to fruition. This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the state of the art, challenges and opportunities in the development and use of digital twins across different domains, with the goal of fostering discussion and collaboration within the computational science community regarding this burgeoning field.
See Focus and Editorial
Image: zf L / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_10.txt,ave_3,4_10.txt,"A computational account of Nobel Prize history
This month features a Focus on the contributions of the computational science community to previous Nobel prizes in chemistry and physics. The issue consists of conversations with and commentaries from various experts — including past Nobel laureates — in order to not only celebrate the diversity of the contributions, but also to further look into the future and at the challenges that lie ahead of us.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Wing. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_23.png,C,"The utilization of PhotoATR-PISA allows for the one-pot synthesis of functional polymer nanoparticles at an ultrahigh solids content, up to 79.5 wt%. Using “click” chemistry with bisazide PEG, nanoparticles were cross-linked together in the same pot, forming porous ClickNP networks with potent adsorption characteristics for applications in water purification. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_16.txt,allv2,2022_16.txt,"Simulation snapshot of a star-branched weak polyelectrolyte,  consisting of 10 arms, each 100 segments long. The average degree of  dissociation of the polymer is (approximately) 50%. The blue beads represent  dissociated segments of the polymer, yellow are the non-dissociated ones, and  red are small free counterions of the polyelectrolyte. One can observe that dissociation  is strongly suppressed in the central region of the star and increases toward  the periphery. See Macromolecules 2014, 47 (12), 4004–4016. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_11.txt,sbert,2014_11.txt,"The imbibition of star-shaped polyisoprenes within nanoporous alumina are explored using in situ nano-dielectric spectroscopy. Polymer topology strongly affects the adsorption and imbibition kinetics. The adsorption of stars is substantially longer from linear chains. Depending on molar mass and pore size, adsorption times can exceed 12 days.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"A schematic of separating polymer chains by topology instead of size under an elongational flow through a nanopore. Namely, for polymer chains to pass through a nanopore, linear chains have a lower critical (minimum) flow rate (qCritical,Linear) than star chains with f arms (qCritical,Star), independent of the chain or arm length. Therefore, using a properly chosen flow rate, linear chains can pass through a nanopore but not star chains even though the linear chains are much larger than the star chains. In this way, a mixture of linear and star chains in a solution can be cleanly separated.  See: Ge, H.; Wu, C. Macromolecules 2010, 43, 8711?8713.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_2.txt,multiBv1,2010_2.txt,train
Current Biology,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_10.png,C,"On the cover: A large number of gray reef sharks fight over a grouper. Pristine marine
locations are rare and usually host a large number of sharks, raising the question
of how such a high predator density can be supported by local food. In this issue,
Mourier et al. (pages 2011–2016) report extremely high shark biomass in pristine Fakarava
pass, French Polynesia. This study presents a new mechanism in which food subsidies
directly come to predators in the form of spawning aggregations, allowing them to
stay inside the reef pass. Also see the Dispatch by Simpfendorfer and Heupel (pages
R708–R710). Photo credit: Laurent Ballesta.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_10.txt,ave_2,26_10.txt,"On the cover: Marine microbial eukaryotes or protists comprise a phenomenal diversity
of species that can construct a large variety of complex skeletal structures impacting
oceanic biogeochemical cycles and climate. In this issue, Ramiro Logares and the BioMarKs consortium (http://www.biomarks.eu; pages 813–821) use next-generation sequencing
to unveil the patterns of protistan communities living along the European coast, with
a particular focus on abundant and rare subcommunities. Composition by Colomban de
Vargas and Noan Le Bescot using, with permission, diverse photographs by Margaux Carmichael
(CNRS/EPEP, Station Biologique de Roscoff, France), Jeremy Young (University College
London, UK), Kjell Rasmus Bjørklund (Naturhistorisk Museum, Norway), Michael Gretz
(Michigan Technological University, USA), and David Hill (University of Melbourne,
Australia).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/24_17.txt,sbert,24_17.txt,"On the cover: White shark (Carcharodon carcharias) swimming in the clear waters around Guadalupe Island (Mexico). In this issue, Wagner et al. use genome-wide sequencing to show global white shark populations are divided into
three distinct genetic lineages: Atlantic/Mediterranean, North Pacific, and Indo-Pacific.
These lineages diverged 100,000–200,000 years ago and rarely interbreed. Image credit:
Getty/Cultura Exclusive/Rodrigo Friscione.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Skomal et al. (pages 1019–1022) use satellite archival
tags and a novel geolocation technique to demonstrate that the world's second largest
fish, the basking shark, makes ocean basin-scale movements in the western Atlantic
over a much broader geographic range than previously thought. The authors found that
basking sharks migrate seasonally from temperate shelf waters off the coast of New
England to deep subtropical and tropical waters of the Bahamas and the Caribbean Sea
to the coast of South America and into the Southern Hemisphere. These results significantly
alter the known distribution and habitat of this species and highlight the need for
global conservation efforts throughout its range. Photograph © Nick Caloyianis | www.nickcaloyianis.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_13.txt,allv2,19_13.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_8.png,C,"‘Resilient plants’, theme for this Focus issue
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_3.txt,sbert,23_3.txt,"‘Single-cell landscape’, inspired by the Review on p695
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_3.txt,allv2,24_3.txt,"‘Growing plant walls’, inspired by the Review on p340
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,"‘Directed migration’, inspired by the Review on p529
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_5.txt,multiBv1,22_5.txt,train
Current Biology,34_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_21.png,D,"On the cover: The image is a representation of a barrier between the cytoplasm of
a Tetrahymena cell and its cilia, which appears to be part of the mechanism that regulates the
passage of material into and out of the cilia. The barrier contains nine pores through
which pass microtubule doublets that continue out into the axoneme of the cilia. The
size of the outer region of the pore is appropriate for passage of complexes, called
“intraflagellar transport particles,” which travel along the microtubules and carry
components for assembly of the cilia. Proper control of the flow of this material
is essential for formation of fully functional cilia. A report by Ounjai et al. (pages
339–344) in this issue provides insights on the structure and composition of this
regulatory system. Image prepared by Puey Ounjai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_21.txt,multiBv1,23_21.txt,"On the cover: A paper in this issue from Basiri et al. (pages 2622–2631) shows that
a highly conserved group of proteins mutated in Meckel-Gruber Syndrome comprise a
ciliary gate (Cep290-GFP, green) that continuously migrates away from the centriole
(Ana-1-tdTomato, red) to compartmentalize the site of cilium assembly. Unlike most
cilia, the axoneme of Drosophila spermatid cilia is not compartmentalized, but is instead exposed to the cytoplasm
along most of its length (anti-acetyl-tubulin, cyan). (Image credit: Marcus Basiri.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/24_3.txt,sbert,24_3.txt,"On the cover: The Cnidarian Hydra (male and female specimens on left and right, respectively)
possesses one of the earliest forms of a nervous system: the nerve net. In this issue,
Dupre and Yuste (pages 1085–1097) explored the functional organization of Hydra’s
nerve net by using calcium imaging to monitor the activity of every neuron during
the animal’s behavior. They discovered multiple subcircuits that participate in specific
behaviors and are anatomically separate, providing insights into the fundamental features
of how nervous systems work. Photograph © Stefan Siebert.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_17.txt,allv2,27_17.txt,"On the cover: How does a single cell control its behavior? This is Euplotes, a unicellular organism with a highly complex morphology. The thick bundles of cilia
called cirri (seen here on the cover) emanating from its lower surface are used for
walking and swimming. In this issue, Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer and Wan demonstrate the bioelectrical basis for gait control in this walking single cell.
Simultaneous electrophysiological recordings and high-speed imaging reveal that membrane
potential regulates cirri activity, enabling Euplotes to rapidly switch between forward walking and turning. Depolarization events orchestrate
the cell's highly coordinated turning maneuver, with distinct cirri behaving differently.
SEM micrograph by Christian Hacker; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_21.txt,groundtruth,34_21.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_21.png,C,"type I PRMT inhibitors previously identified by us we deconstructed them into a fragment-like scaffold (in orange) and then applied a reconstruction and fragment growing approach (portions in green, magenta, yellow and blue) that allowed for the identification of potent and selective inhibitors of PRMT4 (in ghost white).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2022_8.txt,sbert,2022_8.txt,"X-ray cocrystal structure of a chromenotriazolopyrimidine analog bound to mouse double minute 2 (MDM2). The MDM2 surface is colored by cavity depth. Yellow labels indicate the positions on the surface that are normally occupied by key p53 residues. MDM2 residues are labeled in white, and cocrystallized water molecules are shown in red (Allen, J. G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 7044–7053).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2010_9.txt,allv2,2010_9.txt,This research utilizes phytochemical nanoparticles loaded on 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for the treatment of critical bone defects.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"ric (1971–2021) and colleagues explored macrocyclization and other structural constraints in order to develop cell-permeable peptide scaffolds, GPCR ligands targeting NTS2 and apelin receptors. The cover portrays a macrocyclic journey toward new horizons. Artwork by Christian Audet",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2021_16.txt,multiBv1,2021_16.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_6.png,A,"‘Somitogenesis and segment determination, from head to tail’, inspired by the Review on p517
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"‘Sensing and signalling by mTORC1’, inspired by the Review on p857
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_1.txt,sbert,24_1.txt,"‘Function guided by the (microtubule) tips’, inspired by the Review on p777
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,multiBv1,25_9.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_97,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_97.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Robot Trajectory Planning – Framework for Planning Optimized Robot Trajectories Around Obstacles. Marcucci et al. report on a method for collision-free robot motion planning. The planning method relies on finding the shortest paths with graphs of convex sets to generate optimal trajectories in less time than other sampling-based algorithms. The framework was able to achieve collision-free motion planning on a quadrotor flying robot through a building in simulation, as well as the coordinated trajectories of two physical robot arms working jointly to sort objects. This month’s cover is an image of two robot arms using the framework for coordinated motion planning. Credit: Michael Grimmett",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_84.txt,allv2,8_84.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robots in the Wild. Robots have been successfully deployed in a wide range of domains–including land, sea, air, and space–for a variety of applications such as search and rescue, oceanography, wildlife surveys, and space exploration. In this issue, Zhou et al. have developed a trajectory planner for swarms of micro drones that can be implemented using only an onboard computer. Their planner computes trajectories based on limited information from the drone's onboard sensors to enable collision-free flight in cluttered environments in the wild. This month's cover is a photo illustration of a swarm of micro-drones flying through a forest (see also the Focus by Soria).  Credit: Zhou et al./Zhejiang University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_66.txt,ave_1,7_66.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special issue on brain-inspired and brain-interfacing robots. The ability of robots to recognize places is crucial for interacting with their environment. Inspired by the multimodal sensory processing by the brain, Fangwen Yu et al. have developed a general place recognition system that relies on multiple sensors, in combination with multimodal hybrid neural network, and neuromorphic computing. The system was deployed on a legged robot and shown to be capable of accurately recognizing places indoors and outdoors. This month’s cover is an image of the place recognition system onboard a legged robot in a forest. Credit: Luping et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_78.txt,multiBv1,8_78.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artificial Intelligence—Solving Decision-Making Problems in Dynamical Systems. Autonomous robots need the ability to adaptively make decisions in unstructured and dynamic environments. Rivière et al. have now developed Spectral Expansion Tree Search, a real-time space planning algorithm that can construct representations of the real world and converge to optimal solutions, enabling autonomous robot decision-making in complex environments. They demonstrated the ability of their framework experimentally with aerial and ground robots with the potential to discover optimal trajectories in complex environments. This month’s cover is an image of a robot mimicking a spacecraft deployed with their framework in a simulated frictionless environment. Credit: Vicki Chiu",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_97.txt,groundtruth,9_97.txt,train
Science,387_6734,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6734.png,C,"COVER An iceberg from Antarctica drifts in the Southern Ocean. Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, whether by iceberg calving or melting, will help determine the future of sea level in our warming climate. How the ice sheet changes over the coming decades to centuries will depend on its structure, dynamics, and interactions with the atmosphere and surrounding ocean. See page 1316.
 Photo: Michel Roggo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/367_6484.txt,sbert,367_6484.txt,"COVER Melting water streams from an iceberg in Disko Bay on the western coast of Greenland. The iceberg calved from the Ilulissat Glacier (also known as Sermeq Kujalleq or Jakobshavn Glacier), one of the world's fastest-moving and most studied glaciers. Melting polar ice sheets are one consequence of human-induced global warming and could contribute to a substantial increase in global sea levels in the future. See page 750.
 Photo: ©Paul Souders/Corbis",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/350_6262.txt,allv2,350_6262.txt,"COVER Climate change in the polar regions of our warming world is threatening to transform many of its features, such as this icy tableau in the Fish Islands off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. There is still much to learn about these places before we know better what those changes may be. See the special section beginning on page 588.
Photo: Pete McBride",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6734.txt,groundtruth,387_6734.txt,"COVER An aggressive storm that battered the coastal town of Blackpool, United Kingdom, in January 2007. Among other important changes now occurring in the marine environment, rising sea levels will create the need for increased protection from such severe storms. See the special section on our changing oceans beginning on page 1497. Photo: Global Warming Images/Alamy",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/328_5985.txt,multiBv1,328_5985.txt,val
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.png,C,"The metabolic determinants of tumour initiation, inspired by the Review on p134.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,"The challenges of assessing adiposity, inspired by the Perspective on p615.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.txt,sbert,20_3.txt,"The multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p701.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.txt,allv2,20_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_10.png,D,"The cover of this issue refers to the new collection `Physics as a Human Endeavour’. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.txt,sbert,6_8.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by Feynman diagrams contributing to the production of the Higgs boson. See Bass et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea of approaching dark matter searches across the entire mass spectrum as casting a wide fishing net. See Hochberg et al.
Image: arvitalya/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_3.txt,ave_3,4_3.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the measurement of the W boson mass. See Kotwal
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,train
Current Biology,34_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_17.png,C,"On the cover: On pages 226–230 of this issue, O'Hara et al. report that the Southern
Hemisphere seafloor fauna is distributed in latitudinal bands rather than in oceanic
basins as had previously been assumed. The cover shows one species of ophiuroid (brittle
star) that was modeled as part of the analysis, Conocladus australis, from off Wilsons Promontory (southern Australia), wrapped around a whip coral. Photograph
by Julian Finn, Museum Victoria.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_22.txt,allv2,21_22.txt,"On the cover: The species composition of corals changes along climatic gradients,
with some increasing as others decline. Coral assemblages will be able to respond
and adapt to climate change if “winners” increase as “losers” decrease. Reefs are
changing in favor of robust species and are unlikely to disappear wholesale. Corals
provide the three-dimensional habitat for thousands of other species. See Hughes et
al. (pages 736–741) for more details. Photograph taken by Aurelie Moya near Lizard
Island Research Station, Great Barrier Reef; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_17.txt,ave_2,22_17.txt,"On the cover: Corynactis californica is a corallimorph—which are the closest living relatives of stony corals—that lives
in the cold waters of the Northeast Pacific. In this issue, Trznadel et al. show that Corynactis and many other anthozoans from this cold environment harbor
corallicolids, apicomplexan parasites that commonly infect corals and were previously
thought to be restricted to tropical coral reef ecosystems. Image by Patrick Keeling.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_17.txt,groundtruth,34_17.txt,"On the cover: The coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae, often referred to as a “living fossil” close to the common ancestor of fish and
tetrapods, inhabits steep coastal lava and carbonatic slopes in the Western Indian
Ocean off South Africa, Tanzania, Madagascar, Comoros, and Kenya. A population genetic
study (see Lampert et al., pages R439–R440) based on the largest available collection
of samples now reports that the extant coelacanths have, despite a slow evolutionary
rate and low individuum numbers, established several stable populations and can still
diversify genetically. Photograph taken near Itzounsou, Grande Comore by Hans Fricke
from aboard the submersible JAGO.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_14.txt,multiBv1,22_14.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p553.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_4.txt,sbert,22_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,multiBv1,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p503
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_1.png,C,"Nanotubes from stackable rings
Single-molecule nanotubes are made by stacking rim-differentiated macrocyclic building blocks by using dynamic covalent imine bonds. This approach enables the synthesis of a pair of 2-nm-long and 4.7-Å-wide enantiomeric covalent organic pillars, which bind strongly to linear alkyl guests of complementary length and electrostatic potential.
See Tian et al.
Image: Kaili Chien and Andrew Sue. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_8.txt,ave_2,2_8.txt,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Layered nitride materials from metastable polymorphs
Stable nitride thin film materials with layered 2D-like crystal structures are synthesized from 3D metastable intermediates. The short-range order in these 3D disordered polymorphs has a low-energy transformation barrier to the stable layered 2D-like structure.
See Zakutayev et al.
Image: Alfred Hicks, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.png,A,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,ave_3,2023_7.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,"These illustrations convey the overall concept of realizing biodegradable, structural color pixels using exclusively Earth-abundant materials. Mg is a burgeoning choice for photonics that can enable transient",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_9.txt,allv2,2023_9.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.png,A,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the cover: Recent studies have highlighted an important role for the microbiome
in the development of several gut-centric diseases, including colon cancer (see Sears
and Garrett, pp. 317–328) and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease.
In the largest disease-associated microbiome study to date, Gevers et al. (pp. 382–392)
identified the key constituents of the complex gut microbial community that define
a mucosal surface in new-onset Crohn's disease patients. Represented on the cover
is a Keith Haring-inspired illustration of an intestinal microenvironment with an
imbalanced microbial community. Cover art by Sigrid Knemeyer/Broad Institute. Also
featured in this issue are a series of reviews focusing on the topic of “Microbes
and Cancer.”",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/15_4.txt,sbert,15_4.txt,"On the cover: Microbial communities are an assembly of microbes inhabiting the same
environment. They enable the establishment of complex interaction networks that create
intricate relationships between themselves and the host. This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a series of reviews and primary research articles to examine how microbial
communities and their dynamics impact the host and other members of the microbial
community. This issue begins with a review from Pamer and colleagues who discuss how
symbiotic bacteria can reconstitute the microbiome as live therapeutic consortia (472–484).
Cross-feeding in the gut microbiome, as well as chemical-based communication and horizontal
gene transfer within the gut microbiome, are also reviewed by Goodman and colleagues
(485–499), Xavier and colleagues (500–512), and Gordo and colleagues (513–527), respectively,
while Hajishengallis and Lamont (528–538) examine how microbial communities impact
oral and systemic diseases. Harris and Loke (464–471) discuss a tripartite network
between helminths, microbes, and mammals, while Segre and colleagues (539–553) evaluate
the fine balance between commensalism and pathogenesis within the human mycobiome.
Silverman and colleagues (554–570) establish a gnotobiotic murine system that maintains
a “neonatal-like” microbiome to evaluate microbial impact on immune maturation, further
previewed by Slack and Bokulich (461–463). The cover image presents a cartoon representation
of a microbial community, illustrating how microbes interact with each other (blue
and green balls) through communication-based direction (indicated by the red ball).
Image is from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Commensal microbes play a critical role in animal and plant health,
contributing to nutrient acquisition, immune homeostasis, and physiological functions.
Alterations in these host-associated microbial communities have been linked to various
disease states, but the microbiota also has the capacity to ameliorate disease, suggesting
potential therapeutic strategies. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe is focused on the host-microbiota balance. The issue features a series of Reviews,
Perspectives, and Articles that examine how the host-microbiota balance is established
and linked to host physiology, how it maintains host health and function, and how
the disturbance of this delicate balance can cause disease. See the Table of Contents
(pp. v, vii, and ix) and the Editorial (p. 537) for details. This concept is also
captured visually on the cover in which the linear array of multicolored circles highlight
various commensal communities and the balance that must be achieved within an individual
to maintain health and well-being. Cover art from iStockphoto.com/lovelens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,test
Cell Metabolism,36_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_5.png,D,"On the cover: This Special Issue of Cell Metabolism highlights six emerging themes in immunometabolism: similarities and differences
between cancer and immune metabolism, inflammasomes at the crossroads of immunity
and metabolism, gut microbial metabolites and immunity, metabolic regulation of T
cells and tumor immunotherapy, peripheral metabolic pathways regulating immune cell
functions, and myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming during innate immune responses.
The cover art by Ayaka Sugiura and submitted by Jeffrey Rathmell (pp. 49–70) highlights
the complex balance between metabolism and immunity in homeostasis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/26_6.txt,ave_3,26_6.txt,"On the cover: Mitochondrial complex I (CI) deficiency is associated with several neurological
and metabolic disorders. On pp. 483–498 of this issue, Jin et al. show that Ndufs4,
an essential mitochondrial (CI) subunit, acts as a rheostat of innate immunity and bone
homeostasis by regulating the osteoclast-macrophage lineage shift. Ndufs4 deletion
promotes macrophage activation and inflammation while suppressing osteoclast differentiation
and bone resorption, via both cell-autonomous and systemic regulations. The cover
image depicts how Ndufs4 orchestrates the delicate balance of macrophage-osteoclast
polarization. Artwork by Greg Johannes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/20_4.txt,ave_2,20_4.txt,"On the cover: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity.
In this issue, Kurniawan et al. (pp. 920–936) show that a feedback loop between glutathione
(GSH) and serine (SER) is essential for Treg function. The loss of GSH in Tregs results
in increased ROS and serine metabolism, which reduces FoxP3 expression and the immune
suppressive capacity of Tregs. Limiting cellular serine restores FoxP3 expression
and Treg-mediated suppression. On the cover, FoxP3, represented by a serene, meditating
fox, assures immune tolerance through balanced signaling of GSH and SER. Image by
Lynn Bonetti.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_2.txt,allv2,31_2.txt,"On the cover: Th17 cells are essential for protecting the gut from infections and
maintaining mucosal immunity. Bonetti et al. demonstrate that glutathione (GSH)-mediated control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (mROS) is critical for Th17 cell function. Accumulation of ROS in Th17 cells
disrupts mitochondrial transcription and energy production, which is linked to the
translation of IL-22. Unlike IL-17, GSH-regulated IL-22 prevents the spread of bacteria
to peripheral organs. On the cover, the complex interplay between GSH and ROS in Th17
cells within the intestine is depicted as a crossword puzzle. While IL-17 initially
appears to be the correct answer, it is crossed out and replaced by IL-22, which is
important for the maintenance of functional intestinal homeostasis. Picture by Lynn
Bonetti.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_5.txt,groundtruth,36_5.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_15.png,C,"Coarse-grained models typically suffer from tedious parametrization efforts for every new molecule. Here, we apply a combination of physics, chemoinformatics, and prediction algorithms to automate this task. A script quickly provides the force field of any small molecule, ready to be simulated. This provides the means to study a large number of diverse molecules, without the need for a force-field parametrization expert. The image illustrates how the melting pot of small organic molecules is now easily accessible to coarse-grained modelers. See  T. Bereau, K. Kremer, pp 2783–2791.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_7.txt,allv2,2015_7.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,multiBv1,2024_22.txt,"Carbon monoxide is a serious life threat by binding to hemoglobin and making people suffer from hypoxia. Jiang et.al. construct the classical force field parameters for simulating the coordination interactions among hemoglobin, CO, and O2 as well as reveal the binding strength between hemoglobin and CO in different O2 environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Biomolecular binding kinetics including the association and dissociation rates play a crucial role in therapeutic design. However, accurate prediction of the kinetic rates poses a significant challenge for molecular modeling. Here, we highlight recent remarkable advances in computational modeling of biomolecular binding kinetics and provide outlook for future developments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_17.txt,sbert,2023_17.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.png,C,"Complex disease states and traumatic injuries present inherent challenges that necessitate
an evolution of current therapeutic strategies to meet them. In this special issue,
our authors highlight advances at the intersection of regenerative medicine, materials
science, and nanotechnology, which are paving the way to the next generation of therapeutics.
Cover images from iStockPhoto/traffic_analyzer, iStockPhoto/alex-mit, and iStockPhoto/DeMango
and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_2.txt,allv2,43_2.txt,"Innovators aiming to introduce a new medical device to the market
often face significant challenges with regulatory clearance and reimbursement.
In pages 4 –7 of this issue, Buenz and colleagues provides an overview of these
processes, bridging a crucial gap between device development and patient care.
Cover image created by Jihed Yahyaoui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,"Due to their nature as follow-on biologic drugs, the development of biosimilars can
be fraught with roadblocks from both the scientific and regulatory domains. In pages
70–83 of this issue, Ferro and colleagues discuss production challenges, the major
factors that affect the race to approval by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA
(Tortoise) and the EMA (Hare), and the possibility that improving on originator biologics
with ‘biobetters’ may prove to be the strategy of the future. Cover image(s) from
iStockPhoto/gabetcarlson and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_14.txt,ave_2,34_14.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.png,D,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"Atomic manipulation, also known as probe chemistry, demonstrates remarkable capabilities in moving atoms and molecules on a surface and even promoting on-surface chemical reactions. This delicate tool, offered by scanning probe techniques, enables site-selective chemical reactions, allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring of π-magnetism in various nanographenes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,Thio ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as an extraordinary electrocatalyst enhanced the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia due to the regulated electronic structure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,"Unlocking new frontiers in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, AI-integrated single-molecule bioelectronic sensors, including nanogapped electrodes and nanopores, deliver unprecedented precision, efficiency, and profound insights into complex biological processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.png,D,"Due to its unique properties, microneedles are a potential game-changer in advanced healthcare with a focus on drug delivery and diagnosis. Recently, the focus has been on developing new technologies for fabricating microneedles with improved performance. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"The modern semiconductor industry highly demands efficient photoresists suitable to EUV nanolithography. Yoon and colleagues synthesized a novel macrocyclic multinuclear tin complex and conducted an in-depth investigation into its photochemical behavior. The photoresist exhibited small line-edge roughness in EUV lithography, underscoring its potential as an efficient EUV photoresist. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_2.txt,sbert,2024_2.txt,"Novel therapeutic strategies using gold nanoparticles as gene therapy vectors for the controlled and efficient silence of endogenous microRNAs or messenger RNAs involved in cancer. A universal gene silencing tool based on gold nanoparticles functionalized with DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that effectively silences the specific target (siRNA, miRNA, or gene-specific mRNA) while simultaneously signaling its action via fluorescence emission in cancer cells is of utmost importance for the development of more selective cancer therapies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,"High-precision printing using gold nanoparticle ink, characterized by its low-temperature sintering capacity, presents a promising frontier for advancing flexible printed and wearable electronic technologies. The cover features the investigation and optimization of a water-based gold nanoparticle ink formulation tailored for utilization in aerosol jet and inkjet printers, specifically for applications within printed electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_21.png,D,"The possibilities seem almost limitless as Watson–Crick base pairing permits the design and construction of molecular-scale architectures that act as vessels, chips, sensors, machines, and computers. Cover art contributions from Liedl (DOI: 10.1021/ar400319n), Famulok (DOI: 10.1021/ar400321h), Dwyer (DOI: 10.1021/ar500054u), and Seeman (DOI: 10.1021/ar500159g).  Design and layout by Philipp Nickels, Stephanie Simmel, and Amy Phifer. Background photo by Andrew Morton (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2014_7.txt,allv2,2014_7.txt,"Light-mediated chemical processes are of interest for both chiral sensing and separation but often suffer from low efficiency. Nanophotonic platforms offer an opportunity to increase the efficacy of such methods, with an eye toward industrial processes and disease detection. Cover art by John Abendroth. See article by Jennifer A. Dionne and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00460).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_10.txt,multiBv1,2020_10.txt,"Artistic rendering of an E. coli cell depicting many protein–DNA interactions, for example, metal-sensing transcription regulators binding and unbinding at chromosomal operator sites. See article by Tai-Yen Chen, Peng Chen, and co-authors, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00541. Cover art by Ace George G. Santiago. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_9.txt,sbert,2018_9.txt,"Enzyme-free dynamic DNA reaction networks represent a prospective branch for constructing high-efficiency molecular sensing tools. In this Account, we focus on the multidimensional performance of advanced nucleic acid circuits and discuss how to employ them for achieving precise imaging and cell regulation in bioanalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_5.png,C,"Phase separation in the nucleus
Biomolecules in the cell nucleus form condensates at a rate slower than that predicted by the theory of droplet growth. Experiments on living cells attribute this anomalous coarsening behaviour to subdiffusive dynamics in the crowded nucleus. The image is a composite fluorescence micrograph of live human osteosarcoma cells, showing the co-localization of nuclear droplets and chromatin, using a spinning disk confocal microscope.
Brangwynne, Article
IMAGE: Daniel S. W. Lee, Princeton University. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_9.txt,sbert,17_9.txt,"Two-state cell migration
Two-state micropatterns offer a unique platform to study cell migration. An equation of motion is inferred from a large ensemble of trajectories, revealing key differences in the nonlinear dynamics of healthy and cancerous cells.
See Broedersz et al.
Image: Christoph Hohman, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_7.txt,allv2,15_7.txt,"Active holes break multicellular bridges
The formation of holes in epithelial tissue is important for development but can also lead to problems, including cancer, if the process does not work smoothly. Jian-Qing Lv and collaborators have tracked the nucleation, coalescence, and eventual formation of a network of holes in monolayer epithelioid tissues. In particular, they found a fracture–slip mechanism that takes place during hole coalescence and enables the breaking of multicellular bridges without deforming cells too strongly. These results show that the mechanics of living tissues are coordinated across multiple length scales so that holes can form with minimal risk of mechanical damage.
See Jian-Qing Lv et al.
Image: Jian-Qing Lv, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"The formation of a shell
Molluscs are capable of assembling layers of material in the shells around them with exquisite control. Synchrotron-based nanotomographic imaging of the structural evolution of this layer formation has now prompted a model that draws analogy with topological defect dynamics in liquid crystals
Article → N&V
IMAGE: Igor Zlotnikov. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_10.txt,multiBv1,17_10.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_6.png,B,Highly stable nano-catalyst supports were designed through a comprehensive understanding of both thermodynamics and kinetics using atomistic simulation and microcalorimetry. The image shows zinc aluminate nanoparticles showing energy maps by colors over a 3D thermopile background. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_44.txt,ave_3,2023_44.txt,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Role of Molecular Simulations in the Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas-Phase Thermocatalysis: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (14), 6111–6118. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10778). Counter-clockwise from middle left: Molecularly Designed Cluster–Surface Interaction for Halogen-like and Alkali-like Metal-Encapsulating Silicon Cage Superatoms on n- and p-Type Organic Substrates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (26), 10889–10899. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02196), image by Takashi Tsujino; Ligand-Structure-Dependent Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (28), 11487–11497. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02256); Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Metal Nanoclusters: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (40), 16928–16942. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05301); Understanding the Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transition in CoOxHy during Electrocatalytic Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (43), 18198–18207. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04813).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_12.png,B,Spatiotemporal control of cellular functions with synergistic effects induced by multifunctional protein hydrogels. Protein hydrogels were constructed by heating the solution of designed proteins and growth factors. Cells cultured within the hydrogels demonstrated enhanced angiogenesis and formed 3D tubular networks. Image courtesy of Yasunori Mizuguchi.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_10.txt,multiBv1,2020_10.txt,"A chitosan-based hydrogel that enables sustained and controlled delivery of a temoporfin derivative, which permits multiple irradiations after a single intratumoral administration. This strategy combines efficient cell killing with antitumor immunity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Recent advances in organic and polymer chemistry, bioengineering, and nanotechnology have resulted in several new developments in the field of hydrogels for therapeutic delivery, including nanogels, multicomponent hydrogels, bioorthogonal cross-linking methods, the release of therapeutics from 3D printed hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels. These new concepts will significantly improve the applicability and performance of therapeutic hydrogels and, therefore, increase their role within the field of therapeutic delivery. Image courtesy of Sytze J. Buwalda, Tina Vermonden, Wim E. Hennink, and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2017_11.txt,allv2,2017_11.txt,"Redox-responsive hydrogels are fabricated in a fashion that allows fast gelation, as well as “on-demand” degradation upon exposure to a reducing environment, accompanied with the release of encapsulated (bio)macromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_4.txt,sbert,2022_4.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_17.png,D,Bottlebrush polymers with incompatible backbones and side chains unexpectedly fold in melts. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2023_19.txt,multiBv1,2023_19.txt,"A route for synthesizing molecular bottlebrush polymers in a one-pot, one-step polymerization approach is presented. Through the judicious combination of two orthogonal polymerization techniques, the backbone and side chains were synthesized at the same time.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_22.txt,allv2,2021_22.txt,"Polymerization of A-b-B/B'-b-C branched macromonomer produces Janus core−shell bottlebrush polymer, which self-assembles into monolayer vesicles by competition between compositional asymmetry and backbone stiffness. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2019_1.txt,sbert,2019_1.txt,Bottlebrush polymers with helical and nonhelical sidechains (tuned by the monomer chirality) impact the backbone breadth in solution and the rate of mechanochemistry. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,test
Molecular Therapy,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_6.png,C,"On the Cover: Schematic representation of the different approaches to improve AAV vectors for gene
therapy. Pupo et al. review this topic with a focus on AAV capsid selection and engineering,
strategies to overcome anti-AAV immune response, and vector genome design and end
with a glimpse at vector production methods and the current state of rAAV at the clinical
level (see Pupo et al., 3515–3541). Image courtesy of R. Jude Samulski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,"On the Cover: In this issue, Coch et al. (pp. 2093–2103) show that systemic activation of the innate
immune sensor RIG-I, a cytoplasmic helicase, with its specific ligand 5′-triphosphate
RNA effectively protects mice expressing Mx1 from a lethal challenge with influenza
A virus in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings, including additional challenge
with bacterial superinfection. The cover image shows influenza virus H1N1. Photo credit:
iStock.com/bodym.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_4.txt,ave_3,25_4.txt,"On the cover:Smith et al. engineer novel immunoglobulin cleaving enzymes with the ability to target IgM, a
key trigger in the anti-AAV immune cascade. The image displays structural models of
the newly engineered enzyme (IceMG, blue and orange) docking onto and cleaving pentameric
IgM or monomeric IgG (gray) that are shown neutralizing an adeno-associated viral
(AAV) capsid (rainbow). Image credit: Timothy Smith, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,"On the cover: Anti-AAV antibodies present a major obstacle for gene transfer, but, when isolated,
they serve as powerful tools for capsid engineering and basic discovery. In this issue,
Logan and colleagues (1979–1993) find that infants treated using AAV9 gene therapy
mount robust and sustained antibody responses to the vector. This facilitates the
isolation of monoclonal antibodies for functional and structural characterization
of their capsid-binding properties to build a toolkit for basic science and applied
applications. Image credit: Jane Hsi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_6.txt,multiBv1,31_6.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/10_1.png,D,"Outcomes of personalized phage therapy
This image shows a bacteriophage on its bacterial host injecting its genome inside the cell where it will reproduce. New bacteriophages burst through the cell wall to find new hosts to infect. In nature, bacteriophages control bacterial populations. Today, they hold potential as a tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. A retrospective, observational study reports the efficacy of personalized phage therapy, especially when combined with antibiotics.
See Pirnay et al.
Image: TUMEGGY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_7.txt,sbert,9_7.txt,"L-forms evade phage
Shown are vectorized false-coloured images of L-form-like Enterococcus faecalis cells that are in the process of escaping the cell wall sacculus. Wohlfarth et al. report that L-form escape is triggered by the phage-derived endolysin Ply007, which functions as a peptidoglycan hydrolase. In Gram-positive bacteria, L-form conversion enables transient escape from further phage infection.
See Wohlfarth et al.
Image: Jan Wohlfarth, ETH Zürich; with support from Fabienne Estermann, University of Basel. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_10.txt,allv2,8_10.txt,"Channelling phage infection
Cryo-electron tomography was used to study the initial steps of phage P22 infection of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium, revealing how the phage forms a channel through the host outer and inner membranes to translocate its genome into the bacterial cytoplasm.
See Wang et al.
Image: Chunyan Wang. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_7.txt,ave_2,4_7.txt,"Shigella invades via host filopodia
: Human enteric defensin 5 (HD5), by interacting with colonic epithelial receptor P2Y11, induces rapid formation of filopodial extensions that capture Shigella, a major human enteroinvasive pathogen that is able to exploit these filopodia for invasion, revealing a mechanism for HD5-facilitated bacterial invasion. GFP-expressing Shigella are cyan, actin filaments are red and nuclei are blue (DAPI).
See Xu et al.
Image: Dan Xu, Xi'an Jiaotong University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_7.png,B,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,ave_2,1_8.txt,"Reflecting on LGBT+ mental health
Every June, Pride is celebrated. The theme for Pride 2024 in New York City — Reflect. Empower. Unite. — sends a special message to LGBT+ and allies that in order to foster solidarity and the pursuit of equality, it is necessary to reflect on the great strides made by previous generations. Although there are powerful and somber elements, Pride is also about uplift and joy and commitment to improving LGBT+ mental health and wellbeing. With a mirror ball reflecting the many colors of the inclusive LGBT+ flag, the cover for June symbolizes reflections of diversity that are united and ready to celebrate.
Read more in our Editorial about Pride and supporting LGBT+ mental health
Image: Ponomariova_Maria / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,"Mental health — a universal human right
The theme of the 2023 World Mental Health Day on 10 October is ‘Mental health is a universal human right’. This is a powerful statement and reminder that everyone, regardless of their station and conditions, deserves the opportunity to live at their highest attainment of physical and mental health. Our cover this month depicts doves, a time-honored symbol of human rights, flying freely from a cage and signifying release from the potential bondage of human experience.
See our Editorial for more on the need to recognize mental health as a universal and foundational human right.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Celebrating Pride and protecting LGBT+ mental health
Nature Mental Health celebrates Pride this month of June and echoes the call of many advocates and researchers to work together to protect LGBT+ mental health. The cover of our June issue incorporates the ‘progress Pride’ flag. In addition to the iconic rainbow, black and brown have been added to represent people of color, as well as pink, light blue and white to represent trans, gender non-binary, intersex people and those across the gender spectrum. Flowers, which have been a key symbol of gay pride, mark a path to show the constant movement forward.
See our Editorial for more on the celebration of Pride and the need to stand up and to protect LGBT+ rights and mental health.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_8.png,C,"Social ageing
The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, develops into solitary (above) or gregarious (below) phases depending on population density. Because of PLIN2-induced ectopic lipid accumulation, the muscles of gregarious locusts display a faster decline in physiological and metabolic functions than those of solitary locusts. The phase-related ageing plasticity in locusts provides a novel model system for studying ecological ageing.
See Guo et al.
Image: Xianhui Wang, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_7.txt,ave_3,7_7.txt,"Cavefish immunity
A comparison of Mexican cavefish shows that, in contrast to individuals from rivers, individuals from caves have evolved increased sensitivity of the innate and adaptive immune systems and reduced investment in the innate immune system in response to lower parasite diversity.
See Peuß et al.
Image: Nicolas Rohner. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"Social transmission
Social behaviour among wild wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) provides a way to share microbes. Their social networks are an important transmission route for anaerobic gut microbes, whereas more oxygen-tolerant gut microbes spread through shared environments instead.
See Raulo et al
Image: Roy and Marie Battell. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"Friendly microbes
A head-to-head interaction between two QR code-marked honeybees. Bees without gut microbiota engage in fewer such interactions and are less selective over their social partners than bees with gut microbiota. This microbial influence over host behaviour seems to be mediated by amino acid metabolism in the brain.
See Liberti et al.
Image: Bart Zijlstra. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/6_3.txt,allv2,6_3.txt,train
Joule,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_6.png,D,"On the cover: Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit dramatic potential in the
application of distributed photovoltaics (e.g., cabin in the forest, traveling caravan)
to promote the low-carbon lifestyle. The qualities of the electron transport layer
play a crucial part in performance of PSCs. In this issue, Huang et al. propose a
ligand-engineered deposition strategy based on the coordination ability of ligands
to precisely regulate TiO2 film formation, resulting in the smooth topography (illustrated by the cobblestone
arrangement) and interfacial cross-linked structure with perovskite (illustrated by
the chalk painting), which are favorable for the performance enhancement of PSCs.
Cover art by Hao Huang, Peng Cui, and Meicheng Li of North China Electric Power University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_4.txt,multiBv1,6_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a multifunctional cross-linkable elastomer into perovskite films, revolutionizing
the development of highly efficient and mechanically resilient flexible perovskite
solar cells (f-PSCs). The zwitterionic fusion within the cross-linked elastomers,
residing on grain boundaries, endows the flexible perovskite films with an instantaneous
self-curing ability under mild treatment conditions. This proposed method is expected
to promote the progress of f-PSCs toward industrialization. Designed by Yaohua Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_9.txt,sbert,8_9.txt,"On the Cover: The prevailing perovskite solar cells employ Pb-based organic-inorganic
halide perovskites as light absorbers, raising concerns regarding their inevitable
toxicity and instability. In this issue of Joule, Chen, Zhou, Padture, et al. (pp. 558–570) utilize the nontoxic and earth-abundant
element Ti to replace Pb in making planar-heterojunction solar cells with Cs2TiBr6 perovskite. In the cover image, the green Ti atoms flow into the crystal structures
to replace toxic Pb atoms, creating vacancy-ordered double perovskites. Such solar
cells show stable efficiency and high open-circuit voltage (>1 V), which can be used
to generate electricity from sunlight. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Yi et al. introduce a simple method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films at room temperature
by precisely regulating the perovskite composition with an organic linker. The cover
art depicts perovskite films on natural leaves, which can be fabricated using this
method without thermal annealing. The optimized device achieved an impressive efficiency
of 24.4%, surpassing the efficiencies of previous room/low-temperature-processed perovskite
solar cells. Image credit: Jeongung Cho (3D Morph).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_48,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.png,B,"Metallocene catalysts can only be used in gas-phase and slurry olefin polymerization reactors after being supported on an inert career. In most cases, the supporting process makes them start behaving as multiple-site-type catalysts. The Article proposes a systematic way to model the kinetics of a supported single-site catalyst and the molecular weight distribution of its products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_25.txt,allv2,2021_25.txt,"The hydroisomerization of n-heptane on Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst takes place on Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, which synergistically convert the intermediate carbocations into branched C7-paraffins, thus contributing to the production of high-octane gasoline. Single-event kinetic modeling of the isomerization and cracking reactions has been used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.txt,groundtruth,2024_48.txt,"A novel microwave catalyst exhibits outstanding CO2 oxidative propane dehydrogenation (CO2-ODHP) performance by microwave catalysis at low temperatures, and the doping of Y greatly improved stability and regeneration performance for ZnO. This work cleverly utilizes microwave characteristics to solve the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.txt,multiBv1,2024_18.txt,"A synergic system of catalysis, toluene-benzaldehyde/catalyst/acetone/water, for the green oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde using 1 MPa of air as oxidant shows catalytic performance of >99% selectivity to benzaldehyde and 35% conversion of toluene at 180 °C. The amphiphilic catalyst is optimized as organophosphonic acid-CuFeOx/Al2O3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_49.txt,sbert,2023_49.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_4.png,A,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"This illustration shows the generation of nanoscale light waves and their transfer over large distances. Laser light illuminates nanoplasmonic transceiver to excite plasmon modes, spatially confined to 20 nm × 20 nm. These plasmons propagate inside the slot waveguide and are converted to surface waves for long-range propagation. Remotely located transceiver converts the surface waves to nanoscale plasmons. Moshik Cohen, Yossi Abulafia, Dmitry Lev, Aaron Lewis, Reuven Shavit, and Zeev Zalevsky. Cover art created by Ilil Hitin. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2017_4.txt,ave_2,2017_4.txt,"At the bottom, a graphene device being illuminated. At the top, a nanoantenna approaching the device to concentrate light in the localized tip apex. The concentric circles in the sample represent the interaction area, that dictates the near-field optical interference response.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2023_6.txt,ave_3,2023_6.txt,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_12.png,C,"Exploring vast problem spaces
How do humans search for rewards in unfamiliar environments, where not all options can be exhaustively explored? Wu et al. show how a combination of generalization and optimistic sampling guides efficient human exploration in complex environments.
See Wu et al.
Image: Mike Ellis, The New Yorker © Conde Nast. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"Objects in the mind
The natural world is full of objects that we have no difficulty identifying, thinking and communicating about. How is this diversity of objects represented in the human mind? Hebart et al. use empirical and computational methods to show that people share mental representations of objects based on a small number of dimensions.
See Hebart et al.
See also News & Views by Riesenhuber
Cover image: Martin Hebart, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,"Conceptual bootstrapping
How does the mind bootstrap its way to complex concepts? Across four experiments, Zhao et al. show that a key feature of the acquisition of complex concepts is the incremental construction of compositional representations. The authors then develop a model of conceptual bootstrapping, which captures the process of learning complex concepts by recursively combining simpler concepts.
See Zhao et al.
Cover image: Bowen Xiong, Visual Artist. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"Moral reasoning in the brain
Moral foundations theory posits that there are five or six universal groups of moral intuitions (that is, ‘foundations’), each of which is served by functionally specialized, dissociable cognitive mechanisms. Hopp et al. probe the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations theory and report that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition, but also has a dissociable neural signature that is malleable by sociomoral experience.
See Hopp et al.
Cover image: Adapted from ‘The gyri of the thinker’s brain as a maze of choices in biomedical ethics’ (scraperboard drawing by Bill Sanderson, 1997), Wellcome Collection; CC-BY 4.0. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_1.txt,multiBv1,7_1.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_12.png,D,"The timing of neuronal activity is proposed to be important for binding features of a complex sensory stimulus. Christensen and colleagues recorded simultaneously from pairs of projection neurons in the pheromone-receptive macroglomerular complex of male sphinx moths and found more synchrony of responses to a specific odor component among neurons that innervated the same rather than separate glomeruli. This synchrony was enhanced by inhibitory influences from neighboring glomeruli responding to a different, but chemically similar pheromone. Photograph courtesy of Photo Research. See pages 505 and 557.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,"Animals engage in risky behaviors depending on potential gains and losses relative to current needs. For example, during starvation, they are more likely to forage for food where predators are prevalent and conspecifics can compete. Padilla et al. report a neural mechanism regulating these behaviors and describe a hypothalamic AgRP circuit controlling fear and aggression during nutritional deprivation.643734",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/19_8.txt,allv2,19_8.txt,"The waking firing patterns of hippocampal neurons recur in subsequent sleep, a process thought to be involved in the consolidation of recently acquired memory traces. In this issue, O'Neill et al. show that reactivation is shaped by activity-dependent processes that occur during exploration, representing the recent exploratory behavior of the animal. The cover depicts the spatial firingrate map of a CA1 pyramidal cell, overlaid with traces recorded from multiple hippocampal sites.Image courtesy of Ben Micklem. (pp 126 and 209)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/11_11.txt,ave_2,11_11.txt,"AgRP neurons encode circadian mealtimes
To maximize fitness, most animals adopt an optimal foraging strategy to procure the highest energy at the lowest cost. For example, nighttime is likely to be preferred by nocturnal animals owing to its relative safety from predators and the ease of food availability. In an environment with such periodic food availability, AgRP neurons are entrained by past successful feeding experiences and use this circadian information to promote foraging at similar time windows on subsequent days to maximize the chance of feeding.
See Sayar-Atasoy et al.
Image: Muhammed Ikbal Alp, InSpira. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_12.txt,groundtruth,27_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_2.png,D,"""Emerge"", cyanotype and watercolor on paper, 20"" x 15"" by Terri Dilling. Artist's interpretation of life emerging from a spark of energy and the necessary cluster of smaller elements. Dilling was a visiting artist at the Center for Chemical Evolution in 2011−2012, creating artwork that resulted from discussions with the research scientists in the Center. See terridilling.com. Layout by Amy Meyer Phifer (see pp 2023-2024).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_1.txt,sbert,2012_1.txt,Cover concept and illustration by Alex Bosoy. Cover layout by Amy Phifer (see p 841).  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2011_3.txt,allv2,2011_3.txt,"An activated, patterned polymer stamp reacts with a self-assembled monolayer to pattern the monolayer selectively and to lift off a supported monolayer of Au. See Andrews, Liao, and Weiss (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00034). Cover art design by Sarawut Cheunkar and Kei Meguro, with creative input from Nako Nakatsuka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_5.txt,ave_3,2016_5.txt,Elements of this cover art were generated with Adobe Firefly generative AI and blended with Adobe Photoshop.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,val
NATURE MEDICINE,30_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.png,D,"Focus on Cancer Therapy
Reducing the burden of cancer remains a critical global health challenge. Ahead of the 2019 meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research, we bring our readers a special Focus on Cancer Therapy that highlights opportunities and challenges in our understanding of the disease, the development of new therapeutic approaches and the need for improved care and early diagnosis. The cover image is an artistic rendition of the combination of multiplex immunofluorescence and CyTOF analyses of glioblastoma samples from patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, reported by Rob Prins and colleagues in this issue.
Image credit: Aaron Mochizuki. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_10.txt,sbert,25_10.txt,"Functional precision medicine
In this issue, Azzam and colleagues show that functional precision medicine — a combination of genomic profiling and drug-sensitivity testing of patient-derived tumor cells — can be used to provide personalized treatment recommendations for children and adolescents with relapsed or treatment-refractory cancers. The maze on the cover depicts the challenge of determining the most effective treatment option for pediatric cancers once standard-of-care therapies are no longer an option, and the brain represents functional precision medicine, which could indicate an effective path forward for doctors and their patients.
See De La Rocha et al.
Image: Oscar Negret, Florida International University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_9.txt,allv2,30_9.txt,"Liquid biopsies in colorectal cancer
In this issue, Oki et al. show an association between circulating tumor DNA after surgery and recurrence risk in patients with colorectal cancer. The test tube on the cover contains a mixture of red blood cells, immune cells and circulating tumor DNA, reflecting the ability of personalized sequencing technology to identify residual disease at the molecular level, which can in turn help optimize patient management.
See Article
Image: Natera, Inc. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/29_12.txt,multiBv1,29_12.txt,"Pancreatic cancer biomarkers
In this issue, Shi, Jin, Yin, Fang, Chen, Shen and colleagues use proteomic data to identify biomarkers of the response to adjuvant chemotherapy and develop a prognostic risk model for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The cover depicts a pancreas compass with the needles symbolizing biomarkers, illustrating the potential for optimizing treatment management for patients with pancreatic cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Baiyong Shen, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.txt,groundtruth,30_10.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_8.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, He et al. reveal the opposing functions between the condensed and non-condensed states of TaHRC-complexes
in wheat defense against Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). The dragon depicted on the cover
embodies this concept, signifying dual roles: it can either breathe rainwater (in
a non-phase separated state) to extinguish flames (representing FHB) on wheat spikes
for resistance or breathe fuel oil (in a phase-separated state) to exacerbate symptoms
for disease susceptibility. This study highlights the importance of biomolecular condensates
in host defense to crop/plant diseases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,"On the cover: Symbiotic bacteria can impact host behavior. For instance, symbionts
have previously been implicated in tick feeding behavior. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhong and colleagues (pp. 1545–1557) demonstrate that disruption of Coxiella colonization impedes feeding of the Asian longhorned tick H. longicornis by interfering with tryptophan metabolism. Specifically, Coxiella spp. produce chorismate, a tryptophan precursor, which enables host biosynthesis
of 5-HT (serotonin). 5-HT levels within the synganglion and midgut determines tick
blook intake, collectively showing how symbiotic bacteria mediates host processes
with behavioral consequences. The cover image depicts the tick host whose feeding
would be beneficial to control exogenously to limit the spread of dangerous pathogens.
Credit: Sebastian Kaulitzki/Science Photo Library.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/29_3.txt,sbert,29_3.txt,"On the cover: Plants are constantly exposed to diverse and dynamic microbial communities
as well as changing environmental conditions. To combat these challenges, plants have
evolved a sophisticated immune system to mediate plant-microbe interactions and promote
plant survival and fitness. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe is comprised of four review articles that provide timely updates on plant immunity
and plant-microbe interactions. The reviews in this issue discuss the involvement
of phytohormones in plant immunity and pathogen evasion (163–172), how structural
insights are revolutionizing our understanding of plant response to pathogen attack
(193–201), the role of small RNAs in plant-microbe interactions (173–182), and how
extrinsic abiotic factors including the changing environment impact plant immunity
and response to microbes (183–192). The cover image is from istockphoto.com and serves to illustrate how several discrete layers of protection are essential
to keep plants healthy and safe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/26_5.txt,allv2,26_5.txt,"On the cover: Bacterial pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors that puncture
host cell plasma membranes and play a key role in bacterial infections. Los et al.
(pp. 147–157) use Caenorhabditis elegansas a model host and the Bacillus thuringiensisPFT Cry5B to show that host cells restore plasma membrane integrity after PFT attack
by a pathway that requires RAB-5- and RAB-11-dependent vesicle trafficking events.
The cover shows a fluorescence image of the anterior part of a worm exposed to Cry5B.
A GFP marker (in green) that localizes strictly to the apical plasma membrane of the
intestinal cells under normal conditions is found, after PFT treatment, to move into
the intestinal cells and overlap with labeled RAB-5, a marker for early endosomes
(shown in red; autofluorescence shown in blue). Image was acquired on a DeltaVision
deconvolution microscope.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/9_5.txt,multiBv1,9_5.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.png,B,Native mass spectrometry was used for fragment-based screening with data for 62 potential malaria protein targets against 643 natural products (fragment size) to identify 96 binding partners for 32 targets.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2018_9.txt,ave_2,2018_9.txt,"ELQ-596, a new 3-biaryl endochin-like quinolone, has enhanced potency in vitro against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites.  ELQ-598, a prodrug of ELQ-596, is more effective vs murine malaria than its progenitor ELQ-331 by 4- to 10-fold, suggesting that lower doses could be used to protect humans against malaria",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,Antibiotic potentiators of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics against P. aeruginosa can be generated by combining up to three membrane-active antibacterial warheads into a single chemical entity.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_9.txt,multiBv1,2023_9.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_3.png,A,"Pathogenic Cryptococcus species are frequently isolated from diverse
environments worldwide. These human opportunistic pathogens are often associated
with bird excreta and plant material. Given the complexity of the Cryptococcus ecology,
in this issue, Magnus Hallas-Møller and colleagues have explored data from diverse
and
interrelated disciplines to better define natural hosts and growth sites of this fungus.
Especially given their lack of enzymatic machinery to degrade cellulose, Cryptococcus
species appear to be benign commensals on or in plants. However, the enhancement of
Cryptococcus mating by plant-derived material and their frequent environmental isolation
from vegetation argue for complex, inter-kingdom interactions between plants and these
human fungal pathogens. The cover art shows Cryptococcus neoformans on a Eucalyptus
leaf. The fungal cells (pink) nestle among waxy elongated epidermal cells (purple)
directly
on a vascular bundle close to guard cells (yellow) and basal epidermal cells (green).
Image courtesy: Helle Jakobe Martens, CloseUpImaging, Copenhagen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"To celebrate 30 years of Trends in Microbiology, we have put
together a special issue on emerging pathogen defense mechanisms. The articles
in this collection discuss recent developments surrounding pathways that bacteria,
viruses, and fungi utilize to subvert host antimicrobial responses and enhance their
pathogenicity. In addition, this collection provides insights on targeting the players
involved in the microbial defense arsenal. The cover schematic is representative
of existing host defense systems (blue padlocks) being subverted (red padlock
showing a security breach). Image courtesy: NicoElNino, iStock/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_1.txt,sbert,31_1.txt,"Intraspecies and interspecies interactions modulate the timing and nature of nasopharyngeal
colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus). The cover image shows pneumococcal cells forming a multicellular
biofilm on top of human A549 lung cells in vitro. As discussed by Shak, Vidal, and Klugman on pages 129–135, bacterial interactions
have implications for biofilm formation, co-colonization with multiple pneumococcal
strains, vaccine serotype replacement, and the epidemiology of carriage of the pneumococcus
and other nasopharyngeal species. Image courtesy Jorge Vidal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_10.txt,multiBv1,21_10.txt,"Efforts to understand the phylogeny and diversity of fungi have been confounded by
their relatively simple morphologies and variable ecological strategies. However,
a well-corroborated phylogenetic classification has begun to emerge, thanks to the
availability of multiple gene phylogenies. On pages 488–497, David McLaughlin and
colleagues review progress in developing a phylogenetic classification of fungi since
Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/17_2.txt,allv2,17_2.txt,val
Cell Reports Methods,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.png,B,"On the cover: DNA nanoswitch technology enables benchtop purification of specific
RNA sequences from biological extracts with high recovery and purity. The technique
is competitive with beads-based methods and can be paired with LC/MS for identifying
RNA modifications in specific RNAs. The cover image shows a girl fishing using a DNA
nanoswitch “hook” that binds to an RNA sequence (shown as a single-stranded RNA folded
into a fish), used to purify specific sequences of RNAs from biological samples. Cover
image designed and created by Arun Richard Chandrasekaran.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_1.txt,multiBv1,1_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Poovathingal et al. present Nova-ST, an open-source sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics workflow.
The cover illustrates a spatial imprint of captured transcripts by Nova-ST from the
mouse brain. The illustration below the brain section represents an electron micrograph
of the repurposed Illumina Novaseq sequencing chip. Cover design by Duygu Koldere
Vilain (designosome.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"On the cover: The developing mouse embryo is poorly amenable to genetic manipulations
that are typically needed for functional gene analysis studies. In this issue, Mangold
et al. develop NEPTUNE, a method to rapidly and flexibly transduce the neural plate
with gene-expression-modifying viruses prior to neurulation to target the future adult
nervous system. The cover image draws parallels between Neptune “the blue planet”
in our solar system, Neptune the Roman god of the sea and freshwater, and NEPTUNE
the method in which amniotic fluid is injected to control cell-type-specific expression
and functional outcomes in brain and spinal cord. Artwork by illustrator Mattias Karlen;
cover concept by E.R. Andersson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. present SpaceWalker, a visual analytics tool for exploring the local gradient structure
of spatial transcriptomics data. The cover image shows several visualizations of spatial
projections obtained during a 3D, whole-brain, multi-slice exploration of the ABC
Atlas with SpaceWalker. Image credit: Chang Li and Julian Thijssen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,val
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_10.png,B,"Treatment of many types of cancer has improved dramatically over the past two decades,
and since the mid-1990s, the cancer death rate has been decreasing steadily. Today,
nearly half of all cancer patients can expect to live for five or more years after
their initial diagnosis. Still many challenges remain in the pursuit of a cancer cure.
Scientists have not been able to pinpoint a “cause” for cancer, as it becomes clearer
that cancer is a heterogeneous disease, involving many different types of cells even
within a single tumor. It can evolve with time and treatment, often necessitating
combination therapies to battle the enemy on simultaneous different fronts. The treatments
themselves have become more targeted, but serious, health threatening side effects
limit effective therapies and take a toll on patients. In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we feature a variety of articles that examine some of the current hurdles in cancer
therapy, including treating or preventing metastasis, eliminating cancer stem cells,
and reducing cardiotoxicity associated with certain kinds of chemotherapies. Cover
image courtesy of iStockphoto/nico_blue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/36_7.txt,sbert,36_7.txt,"A key contributor to cancer-related mortality is metastasis — the process
where cancer cells disseminate from their original site to other body parts. During
the
metastatic cascade, cancer cells are challenged by hostile, highly dynamic and distinct
environments. Technological progress in ribosome profiling and other RNA sequencing-based
approaches has significantly deepened and expanded our understanding of the complex
ways in which cancer cells rapidly alter messenger RNA (mRNA) translation — a multistep
and highly coordinated process for protein synthesis — in response to environmental
stresses
(such as low oxygen, limited nutrient availability, immune response). In an article
of this issue,
Chen, Navickas, and Goodarzi discuss how changes in the translation machinery are
tailored
to specific sequence and structure information encoded in the mRNA, and interconnect
with
additional regulatory layers to drive breast cancer progression and metastasis. They
also
explore how understanding this complex process can be harnessed for developing novel
breast cancer treatment strategies, particularly those aimed at overcoming drug resistance
and
inhibiting the spread of cancer cells. Cover image is an adaptation of Figure 1 by
Chen et al.
designed via Adobe Illustrator and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_10.txt,groundtruth,45_10.txt,"Once malignant tumors spread beyond their initial primary location, these cancers
are usually highly morbid, if not fatal, and thus current efforts focus on preventing
this secondary spread. There are two modes of tumor dissemination - invasion and metastasis
- each leading to unique therapeutic challenges. In this issue, Alan Wells, Jelena
Grahovac, Sarah Wheeler, Bo Ma, and Douglas Lauffenburger review the signaling cascades
and organ reactions that lead to dissemination, focusing on cell migration as the
key to tumor progression. They discuss possible targets for therapeutic intervention.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_8.txt,allv2,34_8.txt,"Abnormal iron metabolism has long been regarded as a key metabolic
hallmark of cancer. Although the role of iron in tumor cells has been widely studied,
recent studies have uncovered the interplay of iron metabolism between tumor cells
and immune cells which may affect both innate and adaptive immune responses.
In a Review article of this issue, Zhang and colleagues present an overview of iron
homeostasis in cancer cells, discuss the current understanding of the regulatory
networks involved in iron metabolism within cancer cells, and explore how tumor iron
homeostasis affects or results from immunoregulatory therapy. Several key challenges
and potential therapeutic approaches for future investigations are also outlined.
The
cover image illustrates a transferrin-containing form of iron, which is the predominant
form under physiological conditions. Cover designed by Huai-Qiang Ju and Yan-Yu
Zhang via Cinema 4d and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_12.txt,ave_3,45_12.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_2.png,C,"Researchers from AstraZeneca describe three fragment binding sites on the Ras:SOS protein complex, one of which potentially offers a novel strategy to inhibit this intractable cancer target. (Winter, J. J. G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2015, 58, 2265–2274) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2015_17.txt,multiBv1,2015_17.txt,"Extended [18F]FDDNP analogues provide a hope for a sensitive and selective in vivo detection of tauopathies like Alzheimer and many other neurodegenerative diseases. (Rejc, L.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00764) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2017_4.txt,allv2,2017_4.txt,"This cover depicts a promising approach in drug discovery for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Via phenotypic discovery of triple-target combinations with synergistic effects on microglia, an in silico restricted fragment docking strategy was developed to achieve “three birds with one stone”. The optimal ligand showed in vitro and in vivo efficacy by precisely modulating targets of interest. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Membrane type 5-matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) as a valuable target for either antibody (right) or small molecule (left) in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Background image (brain network) modified from Shutterstock.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2020_6.txt,sbert,2020_6.txt,test
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.png,D,"Folding with large-scale protein language models
The cover image shows a protein, folded in space and forming a stable 3D structure. AlphaFold has revolutionized the ability to predict protein structures. Work in this issue by Fang et al. further improves prediction capability and efficiency by combining a large-scale protein language model, trained on thousands of millions of primary structures in a self-supervised way, with the geometric learning capability of AlphaFold2.
See Fang et al.
Image: Baidu Inc. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_3.txt,ave_3,5_3.txt,"Bioactive molecule design with geometric deep learning
Geometric deeplearning is a promising direction in molecular design and drug screening. Tomake sense of different representations and methods used in the field, a Reviewarticle by Kenneth Atz et al. provides anoverview of current principles and challenges. The cover image shows the resultof one such geometric deep learning approach, called DeepDock,developed by Oscar Méndez-Lucio and colleagues. The rat proteinPEPCK is shown as a 3D mesh in a binding conformation with potential smallmolecule drug 2-phosphoglycolate acid as predicted by the model. Theexperimentally validated conformation is superimposed in cyan.
See Kenneth Atz et al., and Méndez-Lucio et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Oscar Méndez-Lucio. Cover design: LaurenHeslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,"Predicting chemical reactivity in a digital lab
The outcome of organic reactions can be hard to predict without comprehensive knowledge of organic chemistry and known reactions. To speed up the development of new synthesis pathways (cover image), Chen and Jung use graph neural networks to extract a low number of general templates that can describe a large number of known organic reactions.
See Shuan Chen & Yousung Jung
Image: Shuan Chen and Yousung Jung. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"Dynamic biomolecular complex prediction with generative AI
Predicting the structure of 3D biological binding complexes is a major challenge in structural biology. Qiao et al. report a diffusion model-based generative AI approach known as NeuralPLexer that enables the prediction of protein–ligand structures, including large-scale conformational changes of such structures after ligand binding, based on protein sequences and ligand molecular graphs. The methodology could advance the mechanistic understanding of biological pathways and aid the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
See Qiao et al.
Image: Frederick R. Manby and Matthew Welborn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_16.png,B,"On the Cover: Scanning electron microscopy and computer-generated image of DNA molecules and red
blood cells. The European Commission has now granted conditional marketing authorization
to Roctavian™ (valoctocogene roxaparvovec), an AAV5-based gene therapy product for
the treatment of severe hemophilia A that is based on the expression of a B-domain
deleted FVIII cDNA. VandenDriessche et al. discuss the implications of this first
approval of a liver-based gene therapy product for the field in an editorial on page
3335. Image credit: Getty Images (STEVE GSCHMEISSNER & KEITH CHAMBERS/SCIENCE PHOTO
LIBRARY).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/30_2.txt,allv2,30_2.txt,"On the cover: The image displays GALC enzyme (red) in Purkinje cells of a dog affected with Krabbe
disease after receiving combination HSCT and systemic AAV-cGALC gene therapy as detailed
in Bradbury et al. Image credit: Allison Bradbury and Gary Swain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_16.txt,groundtruth,32_16.txt,"On the cover:Pitner et al. demonstrated that non-differentiating B cells act as “decoys” that blunt the generation
of factor VIII inhibitors in a murine model of hemophilia A. The image displays a
coronal spleen section from a CD45.1 mouse after intravenous delivery of Blimp1-knockout
decoy MD4 B cells and intraperitoneal immunization with HEL-OVA. Decoy B cells (CD45.2,
magenta) dominate the light zones of germinal centers (GL7, green) within B cell follicles
(IgD, blue). CD4 T cells (CD4, red) and marginal zone macrophages (CD169, gray) are
also pictured. Image credit: Jaime L. Chao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_3.txt,sbert,32_3.txt,"On the Cover: Mack and colleagues conducted a gene therapy dose-finding study in a dog model of
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a severe monogenic muscle disease. A single
systemic treatment prolonged lifespan and corrected skeletal musculature throughout
the body in a dose-dependent manner. The cover image depicts high dose (orange dog)
versus low dose (blue dog) AAV-mediated MTM1 transgene expression in MTM1-mutant dog
skeletal muscles. The background images show (clockwise, upper left) ATPase staining
at pH 9.4 to depict skeletal muscle fiber types and fiber size in a treated dog, automated
analysis of myofiber size on H&E-stained slides from an untreated dog, mislocalization
of organelles on NADH staining in an untreated dog, and restoration of triads on electron
microscopy in a treated dog. See the article by Mack et al. (pages 839–854). Cover
design created by Margaret Beatka.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_11.txt,ave_2,25_11.txt,val
Matter,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_12.png,D,"On the cover: A robot, when covered with cultured skin tissue consisting of human
cells, inherits the appearance and function of human skin. This month's cover shows
the imagined scenario when a traditional metal/plastic humanoid robot is covered with
a living skin tissue that not only looks human but also grows and heals like a human.
The work of Kawai et al. (p. 2190) demonstrates a method to seamlessly cover a robotic
finger with cultured skin tissue. With the skin tissue coverage, the robotic finger
exhibits detailed textures and wrinkles resembling the look of a human finger, and
its wounds can be treated by the grafting of hydrogel sheets as inspired by the surgical
procedure for treating skin damages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_6.txt,ave_2,5_6.txt,"On the cover: When artificial intelligence (AI) computing is incorporated into the
functions of future wearable devices, continuously acquired health data can be more
accurately processed for extracting individualized health information. This month’s
cover shows a skin-like computing chip that can mimic the function of the brain’s
neural network to implement AI computing when attached to the human body. As reported
by Dai et al. (p. 3375), a stretchable neuromorphic computing device is developed
using redox-active semiconducting polymers. This device not only provides ideal neuromorphic-computing
performance, but also shows the potential to implement AI analysis of health data
on the human body with skin deformations.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_3.txt,allv2,5_3.txt,"On the Cover: The future of textiles is electronic. In this issue of Matter, Wu et al. (882–895) describe a new strategy for the fabrication of light-emitting
textiles that are soft, stretchable, and wearable, transforming the very concept of
fabric and leading to innovations in fashion, visual merchandizing, and personal safety.
The design approach uses the structural features of a stretchable ultrasheer fabric
and electroless metallization to create a new textile-based transparent conductive
electrode that retains the intrinsic semitransparency and stretchability of the textile.
Light-emitting e-textiles fabricated using the new electrodes exhibit unprecedented
stretchability and wearability.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Wearable kinesthetic technology is pivotal for the emerging human-metaverse
interface. The cover depicts a fully embedded textile tactile sensor array that provides
accurate and real-time haptic feedback. With assistance from machine learning, it
can discern roughness and identify shapes, offering vast potential as a metaverse
platform for communication, entertainment, and healthcare. See the related research
article by Jun Chen and colleagues to learn more.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_3.png,C,"Machine learning for computational fluid dynamics
In this issue, Vinuesa and Brunton discuss the various opportunities and limitations of using machine learning for improving computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as well as provide their perspective on several emerging areas of machine learning that are promising for CFD.
See Vinuesa and Brunton
Image: Ted Kinsman/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"Advancing transition state structure generation
Identifying transition state structures in a chemical reaction is important for improving the understanding of the overall reaction mechanism. However, existing methods for transition state structure identification are computationally expensive and tend to have low success rates due to the complexity of potential energy surfaces. In this issue, Chenru Duan et al. introduce a diffusion model that generates chemical reactions in 3D while preserving the desired symmetries. The approach is shown to reduce the transition state search time substantially, from days to seconds. The cover image depicts a potential energy surface for a diffusion process, with transition state structures found on the peaks of the surface.
See Chenru Duan et al.
Image: David W. Kastner, Kulik Research Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_1.txt,sbert,3_1.txt,"Anomalous diffusion via deep learning
The diffusion of particles in real-world settings and complex environments often exhibits nonlinear and unstable properties, also known as anomalous diffusion. While mathematical models have been proposed to describe the different features that give rise to anomalous diffusion, characterizing anomalous diffusions with unknown features remains challenging. In this issue, Yongbing Zhang, Xiangyang Ji and colleagues introduce a deep learning approach for anomalous diffusion recognition that is robust for observed trajectories that are in-distribution samples (meaning, covered by the training distribution), as well as out-of-distribution samples (meaning, not originally found in the training dataset). The cover image depicts a diffusion phenomenon within a black-box medium.
See Xiaochen Feng et al. and Adrian Pacheco-Pozo and Diego Krapf
Image: Courtesy of Yongbing Zhang, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen). Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,"Detection of rare brain anomalies at the individual level
The cover depicts a 3D reconstruction of several white matter fiber pathways of the human brain. The in vivo fiber pathways were derived using a technique called diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography.
See Chamberland et al. and News & Views by Rokem
Image: Maxime Chamberland, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_4.txt,multiBv1,1_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_9.png,B,"Electrifying bacterial physiology, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_12.txt,ave_3,20_12.txt,"Machine learning for microbiologists, inspired by the Review on p191.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_9.txt,groundtruth,22_9.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,ave_2,22_2.txt,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,val
Nature Reviews Cardiology,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_2.png,C,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"Protein glycosylation, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.txt,ave_3,21_5.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,"Cardiac electroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p547.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_5.txt,ave_2,18_5.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_4.png,A,Integration of plasma and materials exemplified through the interaction between the plasma streamer and materials.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Two-dimensional nanocapillaries assembled by van der Waals technology enable experimental exploration under extreme spatial confinement, helping to reveal nanoconfinement effects on molecular structure and behavior down to the atomic scale.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_12.txt,multiBv1,2023_12.txt,"Precise and multifarious droplet manipulation can be achieved on rationally designed heterogeneous surfaces, which promotes the development of various fields including biological sensing and detection, optical/electronic device fabrication, and energy conversion and collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_9.txt,allv2,2021_9.txt,"Artwork depicting a scientist performing experiments related to the surface tension of water, inspired by Agnes Pockels, who pioneered the study of surface tension and water-supported monolayers in the 19",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_9.txt,sbert,2022_9.txt,test
Nature Food,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_3.png,C,"Disruptive vision
Anthocyanin accumulation in ‘rainbow rice’, created through conventional breeding, confers a purple hue in the leaves and grains. In this issue, Steinwand and Ronald describe how genomic analyses and new plant breeding technologies can be leveraged to generate the next generation of food crops with enhanced agronomic and nutritional traits, and Herrero and colleagues assess the readiness of disruptive technologies in the transition to a more sustainable food system.
See Steinwand et al. and Herrero et al.
Image: Anat Sukeewong, Rice Science Center and Rice Gene Discovery, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Mitigating Fusarium wilt
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4, the most destructive and uncontrollable soil pathogen of banana (Musa spp.), has become a global threat. Zorrilla-Fontanesi and colleagues propose designing sustainable agrosystems for banana production, as well as integrating biotechnology and new plant breeding techniques for an effective and efficient mitigation management of Fusarium wilt.
See Zorrilla-Fontanesi et al..
Image: Library Book Collection / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Rice resistance to insects
Intensive crop production systems are highly susceptible to pests. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) poses a major threat to rice cultivation, damaging plants by feeding on phloem sap, depositing eggs and transmitting viruses. Although rice plants respond to BPH infestations through a complex signalling network, the insect has developed strategies to bypass this natural defence, including the activation of susceptibility genes. One such gene, OsLRR2, encodes a leucine-rich repeat protein that facilitates BPH infestation further, compromising yields. Recent field trials show that knocking out OsLRR2 can substantially reduce BPH infestation and enhance biological control by attracting natural enemies. This mechanism can be leveraged to develop high-yielding, pest-resistant rice varieties through advanced breeding techniques.
See Kuai et al.
Image: Nigel Cattlin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"Biotic threats under a changing climate
Crop pest and disease (CPD) dynamics under climate change have been challenging to ascertain. The scale and extent of CPD dispersal cannot be well represented by field and laboratory experiments alone; models facilitate understanding of large-scale impacts but have simplified representations of CPD occurrence, highlighting the need to study CPD occurrence with long-term observational data.
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) spread across 26 provinces in China in 2019 infesting more than 112 million hectares of cropland, and such pests pose a threat to China’s crop production and food security in the future. The analysis of historical data on CPD occurrence from 1970 to 2016 indicates that climate change has already been responsible for one-fifth of the increase in CPD occurrence observed, most prominently driven by warmer night-time temperatures.
This trajectory is predicted to develop. Scenario analysis to the end of this century indicates that China will experience increasing CPD occurrence and cropland damage. Appropriate management and application of technology may minimize impacts, should a policy environment support these advances.
See Wang et al.
Image: Mikhail Kochiev / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_12.txt,sbert,3_12.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_4.png,B,"Autophagy is an important biological process, particularly in the brain, that is essential
for the removal of damaged organelles and toxic or aggregated proteins by delivering
them to the lysosome for degradation (as illustrated in the cover image). Consequently,
autophagy has become a primary target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
that involve aggregating proteins. On pages 26–35 of this issue, Martin, Ladha, Ehrnhoefer,
and Hayden review the role of autophagy in Huntington disease (HD). In HD, an expansion
of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the N-terminus of the huntingtin (HTT) protein
leads to protein aggregation. However, HD is unique among the neurodegenerative proteinopathies
in that autophagy is not only dysfunctional, but wild type HTT also appears to play
several roles in regulating the dynamics of autophagy. Consequently, HTT no longer
appears to be just a passive passenger of autophagy, but an active player in regulating
this process. Cover image: Erin Kenzie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/38_13.txt,ave_3,38_13.txt,"Synucleinopathies are characterized by neuronal loss accompanied by
α-synuclein accumulation in the brain. While research conventionally focused on brain
pathology, there is growing evidence for peripheral alterations in synucleinopathies,
including in erythrocytes, which are rich in α-synuclein. Erythrocyte-derived extracellular
vesicles, containing pathological α-synuclein species, can traverse the blood–brain
barrier under certain conditions, as well as the gastrointestinal tract, where α-synuclein
and gut microbiota interact extensively. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Ying
Yang and colleagues explore the accumulating evidence of erythrocyte involvement in
synucleinopathies, as well as their potential in disease pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Image credits: Science Photo Library – SCIEPRO / Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_4.txt,groundtruth,47_4.txt,"With the decreasing cost of genomic sequencing, mutations underlying rare neuronal
diseases are rapidly being identified. Many of these mutations disrupt endosomal transport
and cause intra-cellular traffic jams. In fact, the study of human neurological disease
has contributed greatly to our understanding of the endosomal system. When endosomes
get stuck in traffic, neuronal functioning and brain homeostasis are strongly affected.
On pages 66–76 of this issue, Neefjes and van der Kant place the various neuronal
disease associated gene-mutations and endosomal disruptions into a cell biological
context and show that many of them cause intracellular traffic congestions. The authors
also define the molecular engines that run this system and highlight other cofactors
that are likely to arise in forthcoming genetic screens. Understanding these pathways
may provide us with novel tools to battle neuronal disease. Cover image: Rik van der
Kant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/37_11.txt,sbert,37_11.txt,"Lysosomes are vital degradative organelles that are at the interface of
important processes such as nutrient signaling, cellular metabolism, and inflammatory
pathways. A growing body of genetic and cell biology studies have implicated lysosomal
dysfunction in the cellular etiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s
disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this issue
of
Trends in Neurosciences, Vinod Udayar and colleagues discuss recent advances in
understanding the roles of lysosomes in neurodegeneration, primarily gained through
studies on the functions of lysosome-related disease risk genes. Furthermore, the
authors highlight key open questions in the field and present a roadmap to address
them. The cover features an artistic illustration of a lysosome nested in the cranium
of
an anthropomorphic tree. The withering leaves evoke a sense of loss experienced by
patients living with neurodegenerative diseases. The lysosome is depicted as occupying
the cranial space to emphasize the profound relevance of lysosomal dysfunction in
brain disorders. Cover image was conceptualized by Vinod Udayar and Ravi Jagasia.
Illustration was made by Chris Timoney, Virgo Health London.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_10.txt,allv2,45_10.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_10.png,B,"The artwork illustrates the principle of ‘microbiome-on-a-chip’, the use of microfluidic
technology to probe plant microbiome dynamics and interactions. On pages 610–613 Claire
Stanley and Marcel van der Heijden discuss how this approach could be used. Artwork
hand-drawn by Dr Claire E. Stanley.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/25_5.txt,allv2,25_5.txt,"Traits-based approaches have gained increasing attention for
studying plant–microbe interactions especially from an ecological standpoint.
However, many of the functional traits currently used pose a significant problem:
high intraspecific variations. In order to address this, in the current issue, Dr.
Zhang
and colleagues consider plant genome size as a trait that can be harnessed to study
microbiome-mediated interactions and adaptations to environmental changes.
Image courtesy: GettyImages (Andriy Onufriyenko)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems
biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves
the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or
protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network,
that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from
Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_3.txt,multiBv1,19_3.txt,"Natural microbial communities are ubiquitous, complex, heterogeneous and dynamic.
In their Opinion article on pages 325–333, Muller et al. argue that the future standard for their study will require systematic omic measurements
of spatially and temporally resolved unique samples (e.g. the microbial community
floating in a wastewater treatment plant tank photographed here on a foggy day). The
resulting datasets, mapped here in a genome-centric matter will allow the identification
of associations between specific biomolecules. This will lead, in particular, to the
generation of solid hypotheses about the role or causal relationships of proteins
of unknown function and, thereby, will facilitate the discovery of previously unknown
traits of specific microbial community members. Image courtesy Emilie Muller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_6.txt,sbert,21_6.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_13.png,D,"On the Cover: Mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes were isolated from hearts of CFW mice 3 days after
birth. The cells were transfected with EGFP-modified mRNA using a positively charged
transfection reagent (RNAiMAX, Life Technology). Eighteen hours post transfection,
the cells were fixed and stained with antibodies against EGFP (Abcam, green) and a
cardiac-specific marker (Troponin I, Abcam, red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (Sigma,
blue). See Sultana et al., pp. 1306–1315.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_7.txt,sbert,25_7.txt,"On the Cover: Diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff staining of an untreated PiZ mouse liver.
The magenta-colored globules are intracellular inclusions of polymers of the Z-form
of α-1 antitrypsin, which is associated with liver pathology. As described in this
issue by Borel et al. (pp. 2477–2489), treatment with the AAV-GeneRide-DualFunctionAAT
vector reduces the amount of globules-positive hepatocytes by more than 100-fold.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,"On the cover: Bradbury et al. aimed to achieve astrocytic targeting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for
the treatment of vanishing white matter disease. The image displays a sagittal brain
section from a wild-type mouse after intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV9-GFAP-eGFP.
Neurons (NeuN; red), astrocytes (GFAP; magenta), and the reporter protein (eGFP; green)
are immunofluorescently labeled, demonstrating widespread distribution and astrocytic
targeting through colocalization of eGFP with GFAP (white). Image credit: Sergiy Chornyy,
PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_7.txt,multiBv1,32_7.txt,"On the cover:Clarke et al. showed multi-organ antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) distribution in a mouse embryo
section after a single in utero amniotic fluid injection. Notably high ASO density is seen in the brain of this embryo,
as well as in the liver, lung, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. This whole mouse
embryo, gestational day e18.5, sagittal section was stained by mi-RNA in-situ hybridization, showing detection of an ASO, with regional ASO density displayed as
a heat map (purple = low, red = high). Image credit: David Young, Maria T. Clarke,
and Danielle J. Tan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_13.txt,groundtruth,32_13.txt,test
Nature Chemical Biology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.png,C,"Focus on phase separation
Phase separation participates in biological processes as a fundamental mechanism for assembling subcellular structures and provides new perspectives for basic study and therapeutic applications. The cover depicts drops of dew condensing on a leaf, symbolizing condensates formed via phase separation in cells.
See Jingjing Xie et al.
Image credit: Xuefeng Sun (photography), Hao He (image editing), Guangya Zhu (design). Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_1.txt,multiBv1,18_1.txt,"Programming condensate function
An engineering approach was developed to control cellular functions via regulating the formation and physical properties of synthetic condensates. The image depicts the programmable synthetic biomolecular condensates for the modulation of transcription, plasmid partitioning and protein circuits.
See Dai et al.
Image credit: Yifan Dai, Duke University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/19_9.txt,sbert,19_9.txt,"Phasing in physicochemical features
Phase transitions give rise to macromolecular assemblies at a distinct physical scale, encoding functions that surpass those of their individual molecular constituents. This image illustrates the emerging electrochemistry of biomolecular condensates.
See Wang et al.
Image: Hualin Ou and Yifan Dai, Washington University in St. Louis. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"20 years of Nature Chemical Biology
This month, Nature Chemical Biology celebrates 20 years with a selection of pieces that highlight some landmarks in chemical biology, examine current challenges and outline future directions. The cover image depicts a gel as a representation of the foundational techniques that underpin many advances in chemical biology.
See Editorial
Image: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_9.png,A,"Unconditional child allowance and families’ spending behaviour
In 2021, the USA provided an unconditional child allowance to most families with children. Using anonymized mobile-location as well as debit and credit card data, Parolin et al. find that the allowance increased spending at childcare centres, health- and personal-care establishments, and grocery stores. On the other hand, there was no evidence that the allowance increased tobacco or alcohol purchases.
See Parolin et al.
Image: designer491/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Why much of our charitable giving is ineffective
People donate billions each year, yet giving is often ineffective. Over five experiments, Burum and colleagues tested an explanation for inefficient giving based on evolutionary game theory, ruling out alternative accounts based on cognitive or emotional limitations.
See Burum et al.
Cover image: CatLane / E+ / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"Income and well-being
How much money is enough to be happy? Analyses of data from the Gallup World Poll show that happiness does not rise indefinitely with income. Globally, ‘income satiation’ occurs at US$95,000 for life evaluation and US$60,000–75,000 for emotional well-being.
See Jebb et al.
Images: Herbie Springer / Alamy Stock Photo (money) and imageBROKER / Alamy Stock Photo (Scrabble tiles). Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_12.txt,sbert,2_12.txt,"Exposures and responses to wildfire smoke
Are all communities equally vulnerable to wildfire-smoke exposure? Do government policies that rely on people to limit their own exposure to wildfire smoke work? Burke and colleagues address these questions in the context of Californian wildfires, using data from private pollution sensors, cell phones, social media posts and internet search activity. They find that wealthier households and lower-income households respond differently to smoke events when it comes to seeking health protection information or staying at home. They also find that indoor PM2.5 concentrations are well above health guidelines, with enormous variability among households. These findings suggest that government policies that rely on people’s initiatives alone are broadly ineffective, with unequal benefits for different socioeconomic groups.
See Burke et al.See also News & Views by Hervieux-Moore and Dominici
Cover image: Juan Silva / The Image Bank / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_3.txt,allv2,6_3.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_4.png,A,Photodynamic therapy of a tumor using NIR excitation of nanoparticles with a conjugated photosensitizer generates cell-killing reactive oxygen species. Prepared with AI assistance from Leonardo Interactive Pty Ltd.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"A chitosan-based hydrogel that enables sustained and controlled delivery of a temoporfin derivative, which permits multiple irradiations after a single intratumoral administration. This strategy combines efficient cell killing with antitumor immunity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,Tailor-made conjugated polymer nanoparticles formulated using poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and its derivatives serve as ideal bioimaging probes owing to their excellent optical properties. The nanoparticles were in vitro tested as potential fluorescent nanoprobes for studying cell populations within the central nervous system. Image courtesy of Martijn Peters and Anitha Ethirajan.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2016_5.txt,sbert,2016_5.txt,"The misuse of antibiotics has already contributed to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. To address antibiotic-resistance issues and explore the combination rules, synergic strategies involving AMP-mimetic antimicrobial polymers, including various combinations with commercially available antimicrobials, organic small molecule photosensitizers, inorganic nanomaterials, and nitric oxide, have been proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_3.png,D,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Núñez critically evaluates the idea that humans have an evolved capacity to represent
number and perform arithmetic. He marshals evidence from non-industrialized nations
and calls for a clearer distinction in the field between quantical and numerical cognition.
Nieder and Núñez exchange letters further debating these ideas. Cover image from iStockphoto/Mike_Kiev.
Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_7.txt,allv2,21_7.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, James Danckert and Andreas Elpidorou develop a novel account of boredom. Prior work
has emphasized functional accounts of boredom, in which the experience of boredom
acts as a call to action, without specifying what mechanism translates the in-the-moment
feeling of boredom into action. They propose that a priori expectations for what an
actor considers to be engaging are compared to actual levels of engagement, with boredom
signaling a mismatch that requires correction. The cover image depicts a bored child
with icons representing past accounts of novelty seeking (the light bulb), opportunity
costs (the doors), and deficient use of attentional resources, alongside their account
which suggests the need to find an optimal (Goldilocks) zone of engagement (suggested
by the tightrope walker). Cover art by James Danckert.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_8.txt,sbert,27_8.txt,"Optimism is a cognitive construct that also relates to motivation: optimistic people
exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Recently, the scientific
study of optimism has extended to the realm of social relations: new evidence indicates
that optimists have better social connections, partly because they work harder at
them. On pages 293–299, Charles Carver and Michael Scheier examine the myriad ways
this trait can benefit an individual, and our current understanding of the biological
basis of optimism. Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/18_7.txt,multiBv1,18_7.txt,"Math anxiety is a significant predictor of math achievement, with a negative
impact comparable to early numerical abilities and socioeconomic status. In this issue
of
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Lau and colleagues explore the relationship between math
anxiety and math achievement, evaluating key theories such as Reduced Competency
Theory and Processing Efficiency Theory. They propose a novel avoidance theory,
suggesting that math anxiety leads to avoidance behaviors like reduced perseverance
and engagement in math, ultimately affecting math achievement. Cover art from
/Fanatic Studio/Gary Waters/Science Photo Library/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_3.txt,groundtruth,28_3.txt,val
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.png,B,"Research on pollinator cognition usually focuses on a single reward
aspect in isolation. However, this does not reflect the complexity of reward types
that
pollinators encounter while foraging, as demonstrated by the Sonoran bumblebee,
Bombus sonorus collecting nectar, a complex mix of chemicals, from mealy sage
Salvia farinacea. On pages 1047–1058, Claire Hemingway and colleagues discuss
how reward complexity can impact pollinator cognition and demonstrate the need to
consider ecologically realistic rewards to fully understand plant–pollinator interactions.
Photo credit: Alexander Wild.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_2.txt,ave_2,39_2.txt,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,"On pages 1049–1052, Bea Maas and colleagues discuss how to transform mass production
of tropical agroforestry cash crops to meet higher socio-ecological standards. Achieving
this would provide novel opportunities to protect both ecosystem services and human
health and well-being. The cover image shows a highly diverse cacao agroforestry system
in Cusco, Peru (chuncho cacao), where the cacao is intercropped with banana and shade
trees. There is also maize combined with papaya and cassava with pigeon pea at the
bottom of the image and relict forest interspersed with crop fields on the hill. Photo:
Evert Thomas",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/35_1.txt,ave_3,35_1.txt,"Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate
ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits,
but many
of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages
67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption
that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal
value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan
   troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou,
Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_1.txt,allv2,40_1.txt,test
ACS Energy Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.png,C,Various mitigation strategies for zinc anodes to inhibit the side reaction and zinc dendrite issues in aqueous zinc-based batteries are presented. These studies provide instructions to construct high-performance and low-cost aqueous zinc-based batteries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_5.txt,ave_3,2021_5.txt,"In this Perspective, we review deformation characterization techniques and materials design strategies to inspire new fast charging materials with minimal deformation during ion electrosorption or insertion. Such materials are of interest for high-power energy storage as well as emerging applications of electrochemical insertion in neuromorphic computing, water treatment, and recovery of elements.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_2.txt,multiBv1,2020_2.txt,the most recent approaches to avoid pretreatment with particular emphasis on innovative configurations of well-established industrial electrolyzers and new original approaches.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"CO2 electrolysis offers a sustainable path to generate chemicals and fuels from contaminant greenhouse gas and clean energy, and thus, to displace fossil fuels and to reduce the global carbon footprint. Several initiatives are scaling up CO2 electroreduction technology into large implementations targeting different end-products, from chemical precursors for manufacturing to jet fuels.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_12.png,C,"Parasitic infections account for some of the most significant diseases worldwide,
in both animals and humans, and are of enormous socioeconomic importance. They remain
a major threat to livestock farming and the well-being of companion animals. Due to
their often-zoonotic nature and the dynamic bond between animals and humans, their
threat to animal health is affecting people’s welfare as well. Unfortunately, resistance
to the existing drugs across most parasitic diseases is rising, which demands the
development of novel antiparasitics. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Selzer and Epe provide the animal health industries’ perspective on the antiparasitic
market and give an insight into the major drivers of future innovation. Cover image
created by Paul Selzer, Christian Epe and Adam Design (http://www.adam-design.de/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_12.txt,sbert,37_12.txt,"One underappreciated dimension of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is that many
of them affect the skin, either as the primary manifestation or as an associated clinical
feature. Skin manifestations are highly visible and are major contributors to the
exacerbation of stigma, disability, and poverty associated with NTDs. In this issue
of Trends in Parasitology, Engelman and colleagues discuss the concept of integration, a way of combining control
efforts for two or more diseases, at the same time, in the same communities, with
the aim of increasing effectiveness and/or efficiency in the control and understanding
of this group of NTDs. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_2.txt,allv2,32_2.txt,"In communities where soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are endemic, the
parasite burden is aggregated in a heterogeneous manner whereby many people have a
low
worm burden, and a few people have a very high burden. Decades of STH control globally
has led to considerable gains in reducing this burden. However, as STH infection decreases,
the degree of aggregation of infection within individuals in a population increases.
Identifying
these remaining pockets of infection requires fine scale monitoring and evaluation
programmes that are rarely implemented within current national neglected tropical
disease
(NTD) control. In this issue of Trends of Parasitology, Maddren and Anderson review the
current WHO guidelines, using data from the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination
of NTDs (ESPEN) to suggest and discuss appropriate spatial scales for the validation
of
elimination as a public health problem of STH infection. Image credit: GettyImages/oxygen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_12.txt,groundtruth,40_12.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,ave_1,32_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.png,D,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_2.png,B,"Isothermal and adaptive self-assembly of DNA origami
The cover shows an atomic force microscopy image of DNA origami after isothermal transformation from a rectangular to a triangular shape.
See Baigl
Image: Damien Baigl, Ecole Normale Supérieure. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_2.txt,multiBv1,18_2.txt,"Designer RNA condensates
The cover shows a microscopy image of synthetic cells expressing artificial organelles, assembled from genetically encoded RNA nanostructures.
See Giacomo Fabrini et al.
Image: Giacomo Fabrini (The Francis Crick Institute) and Lorenzo Di Michele (University of Cambridge). Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_2.txt,groundtruth,19_2.txt,"Artificial cell-like chemical systems can be used as models for fundamental studies of natural biological systems and could potentially be used to develop new biotechnological applications. Such systems do not, however, typically take into account the high concentration of macromolecules that can be present in living cells. Russell Schwartz, Philip LeDuc and colleagues have now used artificial cellular systems with an integrated synthetic biology approach to show that this molecular crowding can increase the robustness of gene expression. The fluorescence microscopy image on the cover shows an artificial cell that is made from a phospholipid membrane and measures approximately 10 âμm across.
Article p602; News & Views p545
IMAGE: CHEEMENG TAN AND KRISTEN McCONNELL
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/8_5.txt,allv2,8_5.txt,"Mapping RNA modifications with nanopore
This artistic representation depicts direct single molecule identification of major RNA epigenetic modifications using a phenylboronic acid modified Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A nanopore. This highly engineered nanopore demonstrates an outstanding resolution, suitable for sensing of a large variety of nucleoside or nucleotide derivatives simultaneously.
IMAGE: Shuo Huang, Nanjing University. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_4.txt,sbert,17_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_5.png,C,"A personal journey, inspired by the Perspective on p335.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_8.txt,ave_2,23_8.txt,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,"The road less travelled, inspired by the Roadmap on p578.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_5.txt,groundtruth,24_5.txt,"Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.txt,allv2,24_3.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_1.png,D,"ADHD in adulthood
The cover of the May issue uses a braid of several colorful threads woven together to symbolize some of the current thinking about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Adult ADHD is not well understood and, consequently, can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. But recent work has attempted to identify the ways in which ADHD in adulthood may be both different from and similar to ADHD diagnosed in childhood by bringing many strands of research together. The braid also symbolizes the need for increasing the awareness of, reducing the stigma of and providing better treatment and multifactorial support for people with ADHD in adulthood.
Read more in our Editorial about the neurobiological basis of ADHD in adults and parental support and self-management in people with ADHD transitioning to adulthood.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_8.txt,ave_2,2_8.txt,"Youth mental health
Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of intense emotions and a crucial time for developing strategies for coping and processing emotions. In addition to facing normative developmental experiences, young people today are growing up in a time of great challenges, including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, gun violence and international conflict — all of which have negatively affected youth mental health. The cover for our August issue is deliberately moody and somber, reflecting the uncertainty of our times. Yet even in unexpected places, there is always hope. The shadow of a young person’s hand reaches for a bright poppy, often associated with the promise of a more peaceful future, depicting the need to continue to strive for a better world.
See our Editorial for more on the challenges facing youth mental health and some promising new research avenues.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Epigenetic signatures of childhood adversity — risk and resilience
Childhood adversity, or the range of negative events that children can experience, encompasses all forms of physical and emotional abuse, neglect, and circumstances such as parental loss and poverty. Childhood adversity is associated with increased physical and mental health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, alcohol and substance use, and depression. Epigenetic analyses can identify potential biomarkers of childhood adversity, such as DNA methylation that can change gene expression. Our cover depicts children on a playground, but one made of DNA. We chose to focus on one potential indication of methylation, as a biomarker that in some instances indicates reduced risk or resilience.
Read more about the consequences of childhood adversity in our Editorial and see the Article by Lussier et al. to read about epigenetic signatures that mediate the relationship between childhood adversity and depression.
Image: Marina Spence and Hibrida13 / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_2.png,D,"Rabbit embryo atlas
Combining rabbit and mouse atlases to model early primate development.
See Ton, Keitley et al.
Image: Courtesy of Daniel Keitley. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/25_6.txt,sbert,25_6.txt,"Focus on cell death
The cover shows 3-colour live imaging in vivo demonstrating a role for ferroptosis-like cell death in triggering macrophage recruitment but delaying the resolution of inflammation during wounding in Drosophila. See Focus for more content. Focus
See Davidson et al.
Image: Andrew J. Davidson, University of Glasgow. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_4.txt,multiBv1,26_4.txt,A vesicle-based actin network positions the spindle asymmetrically in mouse oocytes.p937,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/15_5.txt,allv2,15_5.txt,"Imaging ovulation
A live imaging approach spatiotemporally dissects mouse ovulation ex vivo.
See Thomas, Marx et al.
Image: Dr. Christopher Thomas, Marseille Developmental Biology Institute (IBDM), CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_15.png,C,"H2-rich gas can be produced from biomass reforming at low temperature when Ni/ZSM-5 is employed as a catalyst. Through various ex situ and in situ techniques, the generation mechanism of syngas involved in the intermediate transformation during biomass tar reforming is unraveled.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_35.txt,multiBv1,2022_35.txt,Tertiary water effluents from wastewater treatment plants have the potential to provide the water that will be required to power a hydrogen economy. This cover image was created with the aid of OpenAI.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_28.txt,allv2,2024_28.txt,"This cover art illustrates the molecular-level H2S scavenging process, assisted by water, using simple aldehydes and glyoxal. Effective H2S removal is crucial to the oil and gas industry due to its environmental hazards, occupational health risks and potential damage to industrial facilities. Cover art created using StockCake.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M. J. Bos et al., “Evaluating Regeneration Options of Solid Amine Sorbent for CO2 Removal” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00768); P. V. O. Cordeiro and N. M. F. Carvalho, “Water Oxidation Reaction Catalyzed by Co3O4 Treated with Organic Compounds” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01962); and D. L. Martens et al., “Creating Hydrothermally Stable Inorganic Membrane Interlayers by Limiting the Anatase-to-Rutile (ATR) Transition Temperature in Doped-Titania” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01260)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_19.txt,sbert,2018_19.txt,train
BDJ,237_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_8.png,A,"In this issue
This Orthodontic-Restorative Interface themed issue features articles on orthodontics and perio, orthodontics and implants, and orthodontics and tooth wear.

Cover image: From 2012. The retrospective cover which forms the centrepiece of the cover image of this issue is from the 2012 London Olympics series (Volume 212 Issue 4, 25 February 2012). Despite years of gloom by naysayers that the London venue would spell doom, gloom and chaos, the reality turned out to be a happy and joyous celebration completely within the Olympic spirit. Centred on this occasion is a relay race with the passing of the baton but substituting a toothbrush.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Russ Tudor",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_8.txt,groundtruth,237_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on aesthetic restorations, implant-supported overdentures, and supporting dentists’ health and wellbeing.
Art ©Anupama Karn, Image ©oxygen/Moment/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/231_11.txt,allv2,231_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,multiBv1,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,sbert,237_11.txt,train
Biophysical Reports,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Reports/4_4.png,A,"On the cover: SpinFlux uses a spinning disk with pinholes in its illumination and
emission paths to sequentially illuminate regions in the sample during each measurement.
The resulting intensity-modulated emission signal is analyzed for each individual
pattern to localize emitters with up to 3.5-fold improved precision. The precision
improvement of SpinFlux is derived from retrieving the position of an emitter relative
to individual illumination patterns, which adds to existing point spread function
information from single-molecule localization microscopy. Kalisvaart et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100143",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"On the cover: Key equations of time-resolved burst variance analysis (left) required to analyze
the variance in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies of photon strings
(right panel). FRET histograms of a two-state system shown at different kinetic rates
of interconversion (bottom). Hofmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2023.100116",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"On the cover: Super-resolved image of the microtubules in HEK293T cells for dSTORM imaging in
a fiber-based, square-shaped flat-field setup. Super-resolution microscopy allows
complex biological assemblies to be observed with remarkable resolution. However,
the presence of uneven Gaussian-shaped illumination hinders its use in quantitative
imaging or high-throughput assays. Methods developed to circumvent this problem are
often expensive, hard to implement, or not applicable to total internal reflection
fluorescence imaging. Lam et al. propose a cost-effective method to overcome these
challenges by using a small square-core multimodal optical fiber as the coupler. This
method was characterized with a range of samples and illumination modes to demonstrate
its ability to produce highly uniform images under all conditions.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows an illustration of a new, multipurpose, graphical user
interface-based open-source toolbox offering unbiased analysis of single-molecule
spectroscopic data. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpr.2024.100173.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Reports/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.png,B,"A true drug-polymer comprised of 100% drug units was found to show enhanced biocidal activity, and the polymerization helped to achieve better physical property, which is friendly for suture-coating applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,This cover art illustrates the antibacterial schematic diagram of the versatile gelatin-PAAm-Ag NPs double network hydrogel coating on both the outer and lumen (inner) surfaces of disposable silicified latex urinary catheters (UCs). This study provides valuable insights and strategies for the development of novel antibacterial hydrogel coatings for UCs and other biomedical devices aimed at reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,sbert,2024_21.txt,"Here a dual-network hydrogel flexible sensor produced from polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin offers exceptional ductility, self-adhesion, anti-bacteria, and high sensitivity for strain detection. The potential of this flexible sensor to detect body movements with transmitting underwater Morse code signals indicates a significant advancement for various monitoring applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.txt,multiBv1,2024_13.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_3.png,C,"The NeoThy humanized mouse model
Humanized mouse models with human fetal-derived hematopoietic system and lymphoid tissues are well-established, but ethical constraints and difficulties to access human fetal tissues limit their use. In a new Protocol, Del Rio, Huang et al. describe the development of the NeoThy mouse model, a humanized mouse model that incorporates neonatal thymus tissue and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells as non-fetal human tissue sources.
See Del Rio et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_6.txt,allv2,52_6.txt,"Pigs got rhythm
Pigs and humans share a vast range of characteristics, including heart anatomy, cardiac electrophysiological properties and hemodynamics, which make pigs a well suited model to study cardiovascular diseases. In a new protocol, Schüttler, Tomsits, Bleyer et al. provide a practical guide to set up pig models for heart disease research, including cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis studies.
See Schüttler et al.
ECG image: Dominik Schüttler and Sebastian Clauss. Illustration and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_10.txt,multiBv1,51_10.txt,"New method to extend the survival of SCID pigs
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) pigs do not live long enough to reproduce naturally. Monarch et al. show that reconstituting the immune system of SCID piglets with fetal bone allografts extends their lifespan, allowing them to reach puberty. This new method may improve the availability and use of SCID pigs as a biomedical animal model.
See Monarch et al
Cover image: Illustration by Marina Spence based on photo from Kaylynn Monarch. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_3.txt,groundtruth,53_3.txt,"The pig takes on cancer
The pig is poised to take its place in the preclinical pipeline as a large animal option for cancer research. With anatomical, physiological, and genetic similarities to humans, the pig could soon be a big help in bridging the gap between mouse and man.
See Neff
Image: Dish: TEK IMAGE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty, Pig: ru_/ iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_9.txt,sbert,48_9.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_1.png,C,"On the cover: Cancer combination therapy, whereby more than one type of treatment
modality is used to combat the disease, is becoming a mainstay in the fight against
cancer. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Hulea et al. (pp. 817–832) and Kurmi et al. (pp. 833–847) target cancer metabolic
vulnerabilities through combination therapy using the diabetes drug metformin with
kinase inhibitors and through the combination of cyclocreatine and the HER2 kinase
inhibitor lapatinib, respectively. The cover image captures the concept of unlocking
combination therapies, including repurposing old drugs, to charter new horizons for
precision cancer metabolic therapy. Cover design by Rosalind Mott; images credit:
iStock/teekid, iStock/Golgaz, iStock/Ideas_studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/28_1.txt,sbert,28_1.txt,"On the cover: This Special Issue of Cell Metabolism is on the topic of cancer metabolism, featuring research articles and previews looking
at the complex metabolic interactions between tumors and their hosts. On pp. 672–684
of this issue, Flint and Janowitz et al. describe how, under conditions of calorie
deficiency—as happens, for example, in cancer-associated cachexia—tumor-derived IL-6
reprograms the host’s hepatic metabolism, causing metabolic stress and glucocorticoid
release, which reduces anti-tumor immunity and leads to failure of cancer immunotherapy.
The cover image by Pauline Connell captures the concept of the tumor as a hacker reprogramming
the host’s metabolism to escape immune defense.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Tong et al. reveal that combining a serine and glycine-free (-SG) diet with PD-1 inhibitors enhances
antitumor immunity synergistically. The cover, inspired by Greek mythology, depicts
Athena battling a giant tumor cell. Wielding a shield empowered by the -SG diet, she
makes tumor eye (MHC-I) more prominent for CD8+ T cells, while her owl (PD-1 inhibitor)
targets PD-L1 to weaken tumor defenses, symbolizing synergistic therapy. Cover art
by Xuelei Ma and Yuhao Wei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_1.txt,groundtruth,36_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. (pp. 581–594) report that the microbial metabolite
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity in
triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by inducing pyroptosis in tumor cells. These
new insights into microbiota-metabolite-immune crosstalk indicate that microbial metabolites
and precursors represent potential therapeutic strategies to promote the efficacy
of immunotherapy in TNBC. The cover art features a ballerina dancing to the music
from commensal microbiota. Inspired by the music (representing TMAO), the dancing
ballerina (representing fights against TNBC) gives an excellent performance on the
stage, indicating microbial metabolites enhance anti-tumor immunity in TNBC. Cover
art by Qinxin Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/34_9.txt,ave_3,34_9.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image shows the “puzzle” of understanding how chemical inhibitors
interact with proteins. Although a protein structure may be known, the binding mode
of inhibitors to these proteins often remains a “missing piece” of the puzzle. In
the image, the missing pieces represent spastin protein and a diaminotriazole-based
inhibitor, whose binding mode was established using the RADD (resistance analysis
during design) approach developed by Pisa et al. (pp. 1263–1273). This approach leverages
analyses of inhibitor activity against mutant alleles of the target protein (colored
residues) to establish inhibitor-target interactions in the protein binding sites.
Cover credit: Maria V. Moya, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/26_4.txt,sbert,26_4.txt,"On the cover: Zhang et al. (5–18) employed a proximity labeling technology to identify
multiple human proximal proteins (solid red circles) as interactors of SARS-CoV-2
in living cells. The authors found that SARS-CoV-2 manipulates key cellular processes
in antiviral and immune responses. This study provides a resource for investigating
the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and for the development of drugs for COVID-19
treatment.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_12.txt,multiBv1,29_12.txt,"On the cover: Proximity-induced chemistry is a relatively new technique for developing
protein therapeutics. Cheng et al. provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms and approaches associated with proximity-induced
chemistry. They also present innovative protein drugs developed using this technique
and discuss their therapeutic effectiveness based on pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
The cover symbolizes two proteins (blue and green surface representation) that react
to form a covalent bond in close proximity and ultimately serve as a powerful drug.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.txt,groundtruth,31_13.txt,"On the cover: The current reality of modern drug discovery and development is that
the process of bringing a new drug to the market is increasingly painstaking, with
efforts to develop new medicines often taking more than a decade. This is compounded
by the increasing need for new therapeutics either to address new clinical indications
or to readdress the number of conditions battling with a surge in resistance to available
drugs. This special issue of Chemistry & Biology provides a look at drug discovery and development from diverse chemical biology perspectives.
Included contributions highlight numerous innovative approaches poised to tackle the
challenges.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/19_12.txt,allv2,19_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.png,C,"Mathematical models can make use of clinical data and incorporate knowledge of the underlying biological mechanisms of cancer growth and resistance to describe the response of tumour cells to cancer treatment and design treatment schedules that account for patient-specific responses. See Thomas O. McDonald et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Intraoperative fluorescent imaging enables real-time visualization of tumours and nearby healthy tissues, allowing high-precision tumour resection in oncological surgery. See Kun Wang et al.
Cover image: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,"Viruses and virus-like particles can be repurposed as tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy to elicit anti-tumour immunity and induce systemic anti-tumour responses at distant non-injected sites. See Anthony O. Omole et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_1.png,B,The application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can effectively improve the titer and yield of 2′-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"We have developed a computational technique suggesting gene modification designs to accelerate the development of microbial cell factories. The technique comprehensively retrieves well-known designs from literature on the basis of the relatedness to the user?s design history, helping broaden the range of design options to drive the DBTL cycles further.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_4.txt,ave_3,2021_4.txt,"The key economic indicators, namely, titer, rate, and yield (TRY) that, respectively, reflect the downstream processing, reactor size, and raw material costs, serve as useful ways to benchmark intensified fermentation processes. BioTRY provides a user-friendly interface for querying, browsing, and visualizing TRY records in microbial processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,train
Matter,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_2.png,D,"On the cover: In the film The Matrix, the offering of a red pill and a blue pill to the hero represents a choice, willingness
to learn, and courage to take risks. Frequently, a researcher finds their way to an
unplanned and unexpected topic that yields exciting results. Here, in our third annual
Researcher's Choice issue, we provide Previews that act as our choices, highlighting
exciting areas of materials science. Our pills are red, blue, green, yellow, and a
host of other colors! Will you choose MXenes, LEDs, perovskites, or metalloenzymes?
This author-first issue provides a snapshot of materials science. Find out how deep
the rabbit hole goes! Cover design by Sci-Fig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_5.txt,allv2,6_5.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_2.txt,ave_2,8_2.txt,"On the cover: The image presents an optimization landscape, with each local peak representing
a unique microstructure configuration. This visual concept aligns with Kench et al.'s recent paper, published in this issue, which outlines the application of generative
AI in mapping processing parameters to electrode microstructures, ultimately enhancing
cell performance. The landscape is depicted at sunrise, symbolizing the dawning of
a new era in materials design. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_1.txt,multiBv1,7_1.txt,"On the cover: This cover features luminous 3D networks and swirling color trails against
a matrix of elliptical forms, symbolizing the innovative exploration of materials'
properties through computational modeling. In this issue, Prof. Simon Billinge from Columbia University explore the concept of a genome as applied to materials. The image symbolizes how
different ways of thinking about genomic codings of material structure can lead to
new insights in materials discovery. Image courtesy of the author.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_9.png,B,"‘Standing out in a crowd’ inspired by the Perspective on p339
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,"Black voices, inspired by the Viewpoint on p235.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_9.txt,groundtruth,24_9.txt,"Origins, inspired by the Review on p710.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,"A personal journey, inspired by the Perspective on p335.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_8.txt,sbert,23_8.txt,train
Current Biology,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_6.png,D,"On the cover: Bubble-rafting snails (Janthinidae; the cover image shows a female Janthina janthina) have an extraordinary mode of life: they float on the ocean surface. In this issue,
Churchill et al. (R802–R803) reconstruct the evolutionary transition of Janthinidae
from the sea floor to the ocean surface and conclude that the janthinid float evolved
from a modified egg mass. This has allowed derived janthinid lineages to be successful
in a completely new ecology. Image courtesy of Denis Riek.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"On the cover: Oviparous (egg-laying) cartilaginous fishes are emerging as experimentally
tractable models for studies of vertebrate development. Their phylogenetic position,
as the sister group to the bony fishes (including tetrapods), also renders them useful
for studies of early vertebrate evolution. Shown here is a hatchling of the little
skate (Leucoraja erinacea), just moments after emerging from its leathery egg case. In this issue, Gillis and
Tidswell (pages 729–732) use cell lineage tracing experiments to demonstrate that
the gills of the little skate derive from endoderm, as in lampreys and hagfish. This
finding of a common embryonic origin of gills in jawed and jawless vertebrates overturns
the long-held view that gills evolved independently in these two lineages. Rather,
it now appears as though pharyngeal gills evolved once, very early in vertebrate evolution,
in conjunction with the transition to a more active lifestyle. Image by Andrew Gillis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_20.txt,sbert,27_20.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Pei et al. (pages 4033–4046) use an updated phylogeny
of early birds and their closest relatives to reconstruct powered flight potential,
showing it evolved at least three times. They also demonstrate that many ancestors
of the closest bird relatives neared thresholds of powered flight potential, suggesting
broad experimentation with wing-assisted locomotion before theropod flight evolved.
In this artwork by Julius T. Csotonyi entitled The origins of powered flight in theropod dinosaurs, a selection of paravian theropod dinosaurs represents flightless forms and those
that neared and passed thresholds of powered flight potential.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_5.txt,ave_2,30_5.txt,"On the cover: Sea robins are unusual fish that evolved leg-like appendages that they
use to “walk” along the seafloor. In this issue, two papers from the Bellono and Kingsley labs use sea robins to investigate the origins of novel traits. In the first paper,
the researchers discover that sea robins develop legs from fins using genes that are
also involved in human limb formation. In the second paper, the team describes that
sea robins specialize legs as sensory organs that detect chemicals and touch to find
buried prey. Image by Mike Jones (https://mikejonesdive.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2025_2.png,A,Bicontinuously structured polymeric nanoparticles through direct self-assembly in aqueous media from doxorubicin containing redox and pH-labile prodrug that promote loading of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargoes as promising cancer drug delivery systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"A new method of supramolecular emulsion interfacial polymerization is developed, which can be used to fabricate supramolecular polymeric nanospheres. Through the covalent polymerization of the amphiphilic monomer with the supramonomer at the emulsion interface under ultrasonication, supramolecular polymers can be formed in situ and then self-assemble into water-dispersible hollow nanospheres. The supramolecular polymeric hollow nanospheres may have great potential for application in many fields, such as controlled release, nanoreactors,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2019_11.txt,allv2,2019_11.txt,"Polymer-protein conjugate particles with biocatalytic activity prepared by Schiff base synthesis can efficiently stabilize water-in-water emulsions. Considering the characteristics of all-aqueous, compartmental",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2017_6.txt,ave_2,2017_6.txt,"Single chain polymeric nanoparticles comprise a hydrophobic interior in water, resulting in the faster and more complete conversion of the more hydrophobic substrate in oxidation reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_3.txt,multiBv1,2015_3.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.png,A,Thio ligand-modified Au nanoparticles as an extraordinary electrocatalyst enhanced the electroreduction of nitrate to ammonia due to the regulated electronic structure.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The integration of green hydrogen production and storage through electrocatalysis, enabling the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into methanol or formic acid, and N2 or NOx with H2O into ammonia, holds great promise for streamlining the hydrogen economy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,"Unlocking new frontiers in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, AI-integrated single-molecule bioelectronic sensors, including nanogapped electrodes and nanopores, deliver unprecedented precision, efficiency, and profound insights into complex biological processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.png,D,"‘The Race for a COVID-19 Vaccine’, inspired by the Review on p615.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Vaccination for all, inspired by the Perspective on p815.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_1.txt,multiBv1,21_1.txt,"COVER: Antigen presentation, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_3,22_1.txt,"Flu vaccines, inspired by the Review on p736.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.txt,groundtruth,24_3.txt,val
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.png,B,"Glass-sphere rendering of the Btk inhibitor GDC-0853 in the context of its protein target and B lymphocytes evokes the passage from design and conception to immune modulation. Image credit: Seth F. Harris (B lymphocyte imagery adapted from NIAID, shared via Creative Commons) (Crawford, J. J.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 61, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01712) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_19.txt,allv2,2018_19.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"Nonphenolic potent COMT inhibitor with CNS druglike properties. The compound was designed using X-ray guided, sequential optimization of a hit obtained in a fragment screening targeting the SAM pocket. (Lerner, C.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00927) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2016_3.txt,sbert,2016_3.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_8.png,D,"A micrograph of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the small intestine of IL-4/IL-13-deficient
mice at Day 9 after infection. Signalling via the IL-4/IL-13 receptors in non-hematopoietic
cells is required for efficient worm expulsion in the intestine. IL-4/IL-13 can be
secreted by a number of different cell types including Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils
and basophils. For coverage concerning the role of basophils in helminth infection,
see pp 551–556. The picture shows a staining for c-Kit (red) which is highly expressed
on mast cells. The green color shows autofluorescence of the parasite. Photo kindly
provided by David Voehringer (david.voehringer@med.uni-muenchen.de). Design by Philip
Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"Ascaris worms spend most of their lifetime in the host gut surrounded by a complex microbial
community. Host cells and microbiota are shaped by immunomodulators and antimicrobials
released by Ascaris, and in turn the parasite potentially benefits from microbial metabolites in terms
of fitness and survival. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Midha et al. review the trilateral relationship among Ascaris, the microbial environment and host cells, and the consequences for the host and
the parasite. The cover image, provided by Friederike Ebner, shows a close-up photograph
of adult Ascaris suum parasites lining up in a pig gut. A trace contour filter was applied to highlight
edges of color in neon. The luminous particles represent the concept of Ascaris being bound by a microbial environment and Ascaris-hosted microbes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_10.txt,ave_3,37_10.txt,"Monocytes are among the first responders to parasitic infection. Although many studies
have focused on the functions of monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells,
recent work has focused on the unique role of monocytes during infection. In this
issue of Trends in Parasitology, Orchanian and Lodoen review the journey of monocytes during infection, starting
with their origin from hematopoietic stem cells to their recruitment to sites of inflammation,
and finally their inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. The cover image depicts
the recruitment of infiltrating myeloid cells to a cluster of Toxoplasma gondii in the brain of an infected mouse. Cover credit: Stephanie Orchanian and Melissa
Lodoen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_3.txt,ave_2,39_3.txt,"Obesity or overweight is the result of consistent high-caloric diet
consumption. Obese adipose tissue is the niche of chronic low-grade inflammation that
spreads to other tissues and is mediated by pro-inflammatory innate cells, predominantly
M1 macrophages, neutrophils, T helper 1 cells, and their secretory cytokines. Helminths
such as hookworms induce an altered type-2 and anti-inflammatory immunomodulation
mediated primarily by M2 macrophages, eosinophils, basophils/mast cells, and
regulatory T cells. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Sikder et al. review the role of
helminths in reducing metabolic syndrome and discuss these protective mechanisms
for developing novel anti-diabetes drugs. The cover image shows adipose tissue
through scanning electron microscopy. Image credit: Getty Image/Steve Gschmeissner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_8.txt,groundtruth,40_8.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_5.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Shen et al. establish feasible methodologies that significantly improve the production and function
of human pluripotent stem cell-derived CAR-macrophages (hPSC-CAR-Ms) for cancer immunotherapy.
In the image, the macrophage (in yellow) represents a repolarized activated hPSC-CAR-M.
The hPSC-CAR-M waves a knife, fork, and spoon to kill and eat tumor cells (in red).
Moreover, the hPSC-CAR-M has recruited T cells (in blue) to synergistically destroy
the tumor cells. Cover art by Jun Shen and Wenxi Ye.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_6.txt,allv2,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Niche structure is key for stem cell maintenance and function. In this
issue, Nomura et al. (pages 730–743) show that niche cells supporting neural stem
cells in the lateral ventricle walls of the mouse brain exhibit surprising plasticity
after an injury. Through regulation by Notch and EphB2, ependymal cells can become
astrocytes and vice versa, providing a mechanism for ensuring appropriate overall
composition of the niche. The cover image represents this cellular interconversion
process. © iStockphoto.com/hidesy].",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,"On the cover: While close associations exist between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
and the endothelium throughout development, there has been some question as to whether
HSCs can originate from the endothelium, or simply migrate through the vasculature
to gain access to the circulation. Using a temporal genetic tracing strategy, Zovein
et al. (p. 625) demonstrate that HSCs do emerge from endothelial cells. The cover
shows a murine umbilical artery with HSC clusters attached to the underlying endothelium.
The endothelium and HSCs are shown in blue, signifying a common origin, as fate mapped
by an endothelial Cre line. This image was processed using Adobe Photoshop CS.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Landau, Zhao, et al. demonstrate that incorporating pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages restores
cell-circuit interactions, enabling enhanced contractility and stable vascularization
of engineered cardiac tissues. Through single-cell sequencing, the authors demonstrate
that primitive macrophages act on stromal cells to enhance their angiogenic potential
in cardiac tissues. Shown in the image as construction workers, macrophages contribute
through both direct physical interactions and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
This results in the development of functional, perfusable vasculature, as evidenced
by the flowing blue beads in the vessel network. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_7.png,C,"Catalysis for transportation
The transportation sector represents a major area of research for the catalysis community. This Insight provides an overview of this prominent field, covering the topics of emissions control, production of hydrocarbon fuels and fuel cell powered engines.
The cover image comes from a Review Article on single-atom and few-atom cluster catalysts for CO oxidation by Atsushi Beniya and Shougo Higashi.
Image: Sergey Kichigin / Dreamstime.com. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"Artificial biocatalytic systems
Biocatalysis is an enabling technology for a more sustainable future. This Insight provides an overview of engineering enzymes and microbes, as well as methods for interfacing them with abiological materials to improve their performance and range of applications.
The cover comes from an Article by Julia Sanz-Aparicio, Víctor Guallar, Manuel Ferrer and co-workers on engineering enzyme scaffolds with two active sites to synergistically combine biological and new-to-nature chemical transformations.
See Alonso et al.
Image: Julia Sanz-Aparicio (CSIC). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_10.txt,ave_2,3_10.txt,"Data science and catalysis
In their work, Manu Suvarna and Javier Pérez-Ramírez review the use of data-driven strategies in the three main areas of catalysis, that is, heterogeneous, homogeneous and biocatalysis, and provide a thorough statistical analysis of the current available methods and discuss how these are being employed.
See Suvarna et al.
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"Machine bridges
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming increasingly important in many aspects of twenty-first century life. This Focus issue provides an overview of how machine learning can be applied to facilitate rapid advances in catalyst discovery. The cover image comes from a Review by Hongliang Xin and colleagues, which discusses strategies to utilize machine learning to bridge the complexity gap that currently exists between real and computed catalytic systems.
See Mou et al
Image: Xue Han and Tianyou Mou. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_11.txt,allv2,6_11.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_5.png,A,"Enzymatic C(sp 3)–F bond formation
Enantioselective C(sp 3)–F bond formation is reported using an engineered non-haem iron enzyme. The process proceeds through a radical fluorine atom transfer pathway, which converts N-fluoroamides into chiral benzyl fluorides.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Yunfang Yang, Zhejiang University of Technology. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"Enzymatic enone synthesis
Chiral enones are produced, using flavin-dependent ene-reductases, through a desymmetrization approach. Enzymatic desaturation and reduction processes enable the synthesis of either enantiomer of the enone products from cyclohexanone or cyclohexadienone substrates.
See Zeng et al.
Image: Mudi Wang, National Institute of Biological Sciences. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"Strike a pose
Substrate docking into molecular-dynamics-simulated structures of enzyme variants is used to guide the design of mutations, which increases enantioselectivity in a C–H oxidation reaction by disfavouring binding poses leading to the unwanted enantiomer. This enzyme engineering approach enables selective oxidation of unactivated C–H bonds in cyclic amines to deliver high-value alcohol products for drug discovery and synthetic applications.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Yuan Zhang, Jeremy Robertson and Luet L. Wong, University of Oxford. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_1.txt,sbert,1_1.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_11.png,B,"Semiconductor discovery with data-driven strategies
Computational methods can play a key role in the discovery of semiconductor materials, such as the chips depicted on the cover. In this issue, Lijun Zhang and colleagues highlight data-driven computational frameworks for improving semiconductor discovery and device development, as well as discuss recent advances, challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
See Zhang et. al.
Image: MirageC/Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_8.txt,multiBv1,4_8.txt,"Inferring algorithms from data
Data-driven discovery of algorithms is an important task for uncovering the underlying logic and rules behind experimental data and can be potentially used by researchers for generating new insights hidden in high-dimensional data. In this issue, Milo M. Lin et al. introduce an approach that makes use of a neurobiologically inspired deep learning algorithm for writing interpretable and executable computer code from data. The method is able to discover algorithms that perform very similarly to or that outperform human-designed ones. The cover image depicts source code that was transformed into an image featuring bands and gaps, similar to a DNA autoradiogram.
See Milo M. Lin et al. and Joseph Bakarji
Image: WEB2DNA-BAEKDAL.COM / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,"Efficient protein model refinement with deep learning
Protein refinement methods, which are used to improve the quality of protein structural models, commonly rely on extensive conformational sampling, and therefore, are very time-consuming. In this issue, Xiaoyang Jing and Jinbo Xu propose a method that uses graph neural networks to substantially reduce the time taken to refine protein models, from hours to minutes on a single CPU, while having comparable accuracy with the leading approaches in the field.
SeeXiaoyang Jing and Jinbo XuandPhilip Kim
Image: Kateryna Kon/Science Photo Library. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_6.txt,sbert,1_6.txt,val
NATURE MEDICINE,30_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_4.png,A,"Immunotherapy for Parkinson’s disease
In this issue, Eijsvogel et al. share the results of a phase 1 study that investigated the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of UB-312 (an immunotherapeutic that targets pathological α-synuclein) in people with Parkinson’s disease. The cover shows a neuron being drawn by a blue pen, representing the long-term, potentially restorative and regenerative effects an immunotherapy (such as UB-312) may have for those with Parkinson’s disease.
See Eijsvogel et al.
Image: Noémie Dodart. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_4.txt,groundtruth,30_4.txt,"Neurons positive for III-tubulin expressing tyrosine hydroxylase after serial induction and differentiation in astrocyte coculture. In this issue, Goldman and colleagues show that these neurons can induce recovery in a model of Parkinson disease, but highlight their potential to become tumorigenic. Photo courtesy of Steven Goldman.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/12_2.txt,ave_2,12_2.txt,"Harnessing the immune system to combat disease is the central tenet of immunotherapy. In this issue, two articles and a review discuss the effects of manipulating immune effector cells on the outcome of disease. On page 269 of this issue, Waldmann traces the history of immunotherapy, and on page 279, Brentjens and colleagues target ãƒâƒã‚âƒãƒâ‚ã‚âƒãƒâƒã‚â‚ãƒâ‚ã‚âŸ-cell tumors using genetically modified T cells. Finally, Yan et al. (page 287) demonstrate that blocking the cell surface marker RAGE suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by T cells. The cover image presents a stylized scanning electron micrograph of a large cancer cell surrounded by three cytotoxic T cells.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/9_10.txt,allv2,9_10.txt,"Vascular remodeling in ALS
Although brain perivascular fibroblast cells were not previously considered to be involved in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), their activity shows a promising early indication of disease symptoms. Månberg and colleagues show that perivascular fibroblast cells become activated in patients with sporadic ALS and in mouse models at an early stage that precedes neuronal loss. The cover artwork by Mattias Karlen shows the location of perivascular fibroblast cells in the neurovascular unit and the formation of an enlarged perivascular space.
See Månberg et al.
Image credit: Mattias Karlen. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/27_9.txt,sbert,27_9.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_4.png,A,"Topological transformations of DNA origami
Biological systems often use topological transformations to control the flow of molecular information, but constructing artificial structures capable of such controlled structural changes is challenging. Now, Chunhai Fan, Hao Pei and co-workers have developed DNA origami systems that undergo global conformational changes upon topological operations involving ‘glue–cut’ processes. The cover depicts three differently shaped DNA nanostructures — showcasing variations in size, shape and topological properties — with a mechanical operating arm representing the topological operations.
See Ji et al.
Image: Xiewei Xiong, East China Normal University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_4.txt,groundtruth,16_4.txt,"Diversifying DNA-encoded libraries
Discovering ligands that modulate the function of biomolecules can be achieved by using DNA-encoded libraries that link the function of a synthetic molecule to an amplifiable nucleic acid tag. Such technologies do not make full use of the principles of Darwinian selection, but now a team led by Nicolas Winssinger has developed a strategy to assemble libraries of macrocyclic-like structures (Dsuprabodies) that undergo iterative cycles of selection, amplification and diversification. The method was validated with selections against streptavidin and used to discover a potent and selective binder for the protein PD-L1. The cover image shows an artistic representation of a suprabody interacting with PD-L1.
See Vummidi et al.
Image credit: Image prepared by Margot Riggi in collaboration with the authors Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/14_11.txt,sbert,14_11.txt,"Cooperative components
Many biological nanomachines are assembled from multiple components, but the functional advantages of nanosystems composed of multiple self-assembling molecules compared with those formed from just one component are not well understood. Now, Dominic Lauzon and Alexis Vallée-Bélisle use a DNA-based model system to provide insight into the functionalities that emerge when a nanostructure assembles from multiple components. The cover depicts the programmable assembly of trimeric nanosystems in an anti-cooperative and cooperative manner, and with control over the time-dependence of formation.
See Lauzon et al.
Image: Caitlin Monney, Monney Medical Media. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/15_9.txt,multiBv1,15_9.txt,"It is not easy to tie a molecule in knots. It requires the precise positioning of molecular fragments such that they retain the correct orientation relative to one another in the final product. Now, Yossi Weizmann and co-workers have used DNA four-way junctions to create knots and links, and have shown how these topologically non-trivial structures can be used to investigate important DNA-processing enzymes. Shown on the cover is a scene, inspired by van Gogh’s The Starry Night, in which double helical trees, symbolizing DNA, reach up to the knotted swirling clouds (topological structures) in the sky.Article p907IMAGE: DI LIUCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_3.txt,allv2,8_3.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_11.png,B,"The reproductive success of higher plants depends on an elaborate communication network
that successfully balances vegetative and reproductive growth with endogenous and
environmental cues. Long-distance transport of signaling molecules through the phloem
has emerged as a major communication mechanism that allows higher plants to function
as an integrated organism, and ensures coordinated differentiation, growth, supply
of nutrients, and, consequently, the propagation into a succeeding generation. As
examples, the mobility of florigen and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) fundamentally
changed our understanding of how plants regulate and coordinate tissue formation,
allowing us to manipulate flowering time and meiosis, and thereby impact crop breeding.
On pages 198–206 Roisin C. McGarry and Friedrich Kragler address the identity of florigen,
the mechanism of allocation, and how virus-induced flowering and grafting of transgenes
producing siRNA signals affecting meiosis can produce transgene-free progenies useful
for agriculture. Image of a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) flower induced by virus-induced flowering provided by Roisin C. McGarry. Cover design
by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/18_9.txt,multiBv1,18_9.txt,"Precise communication between the pollen tube and the synergid
cells within the ovule is essential to coordinate pollen tube rupture, followed by
delivery and reception of the sperm cells. Alice Baillie and colleagues provide insight
into the complicated interaction between the receptor-like kinases involved, and their
co-receptors and ligands. The cover image represents the detail of an arabidopsis
flower,
with male pollen tubes travelling down the transmitting tract towards the ovule micropyles
where the tubes interact with the female synergid cells. Image credit: Jen Sloan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_11.txt,groundtruth,29_11.txt,"Significant controversy still swirls around the regulation of extension by tip-growing
cells, particularly during stable, oscillatory growth of pollen tubes. One explanation,
the pressure control hypothesis, proposes that turgor pressure is both, the controlling
and driving force. On pages 363–369 Peter K. Hepler and colleagues critically examine
the assumptions and data cited in support of the pressure control hypothesis and build
a case for an alternative hypothesis: oscillatory pollen tube growth is not regulated
by changes in pressure, but rather by oscillations in the extensibility of the apical
cell wall. Cover design SCB.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/15_6.txt,sbert,15_6.txt,"Nectar is the most important reward offered by flowering plants to
pollinators. Pollinator decline and global growing food demand make studying nectar
gland more important than ever before. Although the genetic mechanisms that control
the development of angiosperm flowers have been quite well understood for many
years, the development, the maturation of nectar gland, and the secretion of nectar
in
synchrony with the maturation of the sexual organs appears to be one of the flower’s
best kept secrets. Abdelhafid Bendahmane and colleagues review key findings
controlling these processes. Cover design and photograph: Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/26_11.txt,allv2,26_11.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.png,B,"Early-Career and Emerging Researchers in Physical Chemistry Volume 2 Virtual Special Issue. Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A by authors whose work appears in this VSI. Clockwise from top left: Heterogeneous and Photosensitized Oxidative Degradation Kinetics of the Plastic Additive Bisphenol-A in Sea Spray Aerosol Mimics (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (21), 4724–4733). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00127); Low Barrier Methyl Internal Rotations and 14N Quadrupole Coupling in the Microwave Spectrum of 2,4-Dimethylthiazole (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (28), 5779–5789. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01008); Simulation of Cocrystal Formation in Planetary Atmospheres: The C6H6:C2H2 Cocrystal Produced by Gas Deposition (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (10), 2322–2335. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08791); Particle-Breaking Hartree–Fock Theory for Open Molecular Systems (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (5), 1329–1341. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07686); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Ion-Pair Formation in n-Butyl Bromide through 5p Ryberg State Predissociation (J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126 (51), 9651–9657. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2023_9.txt,ave_2,2023_9.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.txt,allv2,2025_8.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Upper, left to right) Aromatic Stabilization and Hybridization Trends in Photoelectron Imaging of Heterocyclic Radicals and Anions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (38), 9770–9777) and Mario Molina Festschrift (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (19)). (Center) Infrared-Driven Charge Transfer in Transition Metal B12F12 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (31), 8469–8475). (Lower, left to right) Snapshots of Proton Accommodation at a Microscopic Water Surface: Understanding the Vibrational Spectral Signatures of the Charge Defect in Cryogenically Cooled H+(H2O)n=2–28 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (36), 9425–9440) and Effect of Solvent on the O2(a1Δg) → O2(b1Σg+) Absorption Coefficient (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (35), 9236–9243).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2016_28.txt,ave_3,2016_28.txt,test
Lab Animal,53_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_11.png,D,"The PREMISE database of Macaca Fascicularis PET/MRI brain imaging
Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing and extremely promising area of neuroscience research that suffers from a lack of data. Neuroimaging database sharing can accelerate research in this field, while limiting the number of animals used. A new Article presents The PREMISE database, a PET/MR dataset of Macaca Fascicularis brain images structured according to BIDS standards and available for researchers.
See Becker et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_12.txt,sbert,53_12.txt,"Mapping the brain
In neuroscience, there are many efforts underway to map the brain. Some of the technologies are high-tech and emerging, while others are older classics. There are indeed many ways possible approaches, and many animals to map. From invertebrates with a few hundred neurons to mice with tens of millions, complexity varies. Some projects are looking at small scales; others, larger networks. But maps—and catalogues, atlases, and databases—are growing, providing researchers with new and ever-larger resources to guide them as they seek to better understand the brain and how it functions in health and disease.
See Neff
Image: Map: tyndyra/ E+/ Getty. Neurons: Rostislav Zatonskiy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_1.txt,ave_3,48_1.txt,"Bringing MRI datasets together
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help bridge neuroscience research in nonhuman primates with the humans they are intended to model. But, studies with such animals tend to involve small numbers of subjects, and the task of adapting human equipment and tools to nonhuman primates means labs are often coming up with their own solutions to collecting and analyzing MRI data. Data sharing may help researchers make the most of those animals. With discussions about standards and tool building ongoing, a growing number of labs in the nonhuman primate research community are working to bring their MRI datasets together.
See Neff
Image: Katja Heuer & Roberto Toro. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_7.txt,allv2,49_7.txt,"3D printing of a murine MRI platform
Positioning and maintaining small animals for imaging over time requires a means to secure the head, maintain the animal's body temperature and facilitate delivery of anesthesia if needed. A new Article describes an open-source, customizable 3D printable cradle design that can be used for brain imaging in awake mice and anesthetized mice and rats.
See Yaghmazadeh et al.
Cover image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_11.txt,groundtruth,53_11.txt,val
Trends in Genetics,41_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_2.png,B,"Because of the size and complexity of many genomes, earlier sequencing methods left
missing pieces and errors in the final sequences. On pp. 649-671, Erwin van Dijk and
colleagues discuss advances in long-read sequencing technologies and how they provide
more complete and comprehensive views of genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes.
Image credit: olaser/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/39_4.txt,ave_2,39_4.txt,"Open reading frames with fewer than 100 codons were traditionally
omitted from genome annotation pipelines. But in recent years, it has become clear
that many of these short open reading frames encode strings of amino acids, termed
microproteins, that play important functional roles in many species. This burgeoning
field of microprotein research is the focus of this special issue of Trends in Genetics.
Image credit: Artur Plawgo/Science Photo Library/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_2.txt,groundtruth,41_2.txt,"Although it has only been fifteen years since the release of the first draft of the
human genome, the term “post-genomic era” is commonly used. For many researchers,
however, this era has not yet arrived because the organism they study has not been
sequenced. In this issue of Trends in Genetics, Stephen Richards (pages 411–421) looks back at the lessons we have learned from
sequencing the genomes of a range of organisms and makes a compelling case for why
this is only the tip of the iceberg. The availability of many more genomes, particularly
from clades that are currently underrepresented, will make an enduring contribution
to biology by unifying many different disciplines. Cover images courtesy of: iStock/Yakovliev",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_6.txt,allv2,31_6.txt,"The ultimate goal of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) project: to compile
and annotate all functional sequences in the human genome is no small task. Along
the way valuable information may be lost to researchers using the various datasets.
On pages 238–249 in this issue, Diehl and Boyle take us through various ways ENCODE
data can be used efficiently and effectively. The cover image shows DNA being scrutinized
through a magnifying glass. Image courtesy of istockphoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_9.txt,sbert,32_9.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.png,D,"electrolyte interfaces, providing a fast and powerful complementary approach to constant potential molecular dynamics simulations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_15.txt,ave_2,2023_15.txt,"Biomolecular binding kinetics including the association and dissociation rates play a crucial role in therapeutic design. However, accurate prediction of the kinetic rates poses a significant challenge for molecular modeling. Here, we highlight recent remarkable advances in computational modeling of biomolecular binding kinetics and provide outlook for future developments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_17.txt,ave_3,2023_17.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/4_1.png,D,"Gold nanorings
Mechanically interlocked gold nanostructures are made using a bottom-up synthetic approach. As a structural analogy of molecular catenanes, the plasmonic gold nanocatenanes show mechanical helical chirality depending on desymmetrization angles. When combined with a thermoresponsive polymer, a plasmonic nanomachine with light-induced thermal actuation and the ability to transform rectilinear force into rotational mechanical motion is reported.
See Kim & Nam.
Image: Yoonhee Kim & Jwa-Min Nam, Seoul National University/Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Layered nitride materials from metastable polymorphs
Stable nitride thin film materials with layered 2D-like crystal structures are synthesized from 3D metastable intermediates. The short-range order in these 3D disordered polymorphs has a low-energy transformation barrier to the stable layered 2D-like structure.
See Zakutayev et al.
Image: Alfred Hicks, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,sbert,3_9.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_101,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_101.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Delayed Deployment of Liver Macrophage Defenses. Newborns are particularly vulnerable to bloodstream bacterial infections that can lead to meningitis, but the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility are not fully understood. Araujo David et al. found that Kupffer cells (KCs)—specialized liver macrophages responsible for bacterial clearance from the bloodstream—relocate from the liver parenchyma to the sinusoids during the first week of life. The relocalization of KCs conferred mice with improved ability to clear bloodborne bacteria and prevent their dissemination to other organs. This month’s cover image, obtained using intravital microscopy, is a maximum-intensity Z-projection of an adult mouse liver after bloodstream bacterial infection. KCs expressing TIM4 (red) are positioned within CD31+ liver sinusoids (blue), where they can effectively capture fluorescent Escherichia coli (yellow) from the bloodstream. Credit: Bruna Araujo David/University of Calgary",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_101.txt,groundtruth,9_101.txt,"ONLINE COVER Lining Up to Defend. An image of a spleen from a mouse infected with Listeria monocytogenes was stained for CD169+ marginal zone macrophages (red), L. monocytogenes (green), and B cells (blue). Perez et al. show that strategically positioned marginal zone macrophages drive immune responses to L. monocytogenes by controlling pathogen localization in the spleen. [CREDIT: PEREZ ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_16.txt,allv2,2_16.txt,"ONLINE COVER Gut Immunocytes Travel Far and Wide. The mammalian gut is a site where dietary antigens, the microbiota, and a wide array of different cell types interact with one another to produce effects both local and systemic. Galván-Peña et al. used Kaede photoconvertible mice and single-cell genomics to track immune cell migration from the colon to the rest of the body in both homeostatic and inflammatory contexts to help delineate how the gut mediates interorgan communication. This month’s cover illustration depicts Kaede immune cells as they photoconvert from green to red fluorescence after exposure to ultraviolet light in the colon, marking them as they travel to sites far beyond the gut. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_91.txt,ave_1,9_91.txt,"ONLINE COVER Unintended Consequences. This month's cover shows human liver biopsy tissue from a cancer patient who experienced a hepatic immune-related adverse event (irAE) after checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies to PD-1 and CTLA-4. Circumscribed areas of immune cell infiltration include a population of CD15+ granulocytes (brown). Siwicki et al. investigated mechanisms of immunotherapy-driven adverse events in a mouse model of cancer, specifically focusing on hepatitis, and found that tissue-resident macrophages and neutrophils drove irAE hepatotoxicity. Similar immune processes were detected in patients experiencing irAEs after cancer immunotherapy. [CREDIT: SIWICKI ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_61.txt,sbert,6_61.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_5.png,B,"Sub-200-nm InGaN/GaN-based light-emitting-diode (LED) nanowire arrays were prepared by a nanosphere lift-off lithography technique combined with a hybrid top-down etching. Cathodoluminescence measurements show a clear emission from the multiquantum well at a wavelength of 460 nm, indicating an intact LED after the nanopatterning process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_6.txt,multiBv1,2019_6.txt,hybrid quantum dot material made of boron nitride (BN) and nitrogen-doped graphene (Hyb-BNQD-NGQD) from bulk BN and polyaniline (PANI) exhibits specific sensing of Pb(II) ions. This material exhibited exceptional selectivity and sensitivity toward Pb(II) ions with a remarkable detection limit of 1 pM.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Density functional theory revealed the synergistic effects of N-dopants (graphitic, pyridinic, pyrrolic) and vacancy defects on graphene quantum dots for oxygen-reduction electrocatalysis, providing key insights to enhance carbon-based nanomaterials for renewable energy applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,MXene quantum dots (QDs) have attracted significant attention for various applications by virtue of their exceptional optoelectrical properties. A green electrochemical exfoliation strategy is proposed to synthesize Ti3C2Tx QDs with enhanced stability compared with a hydrofluoric acid etching method. A highly stable ultrafast fiber laser is demonstrated by employing Ti3C2Tx QDs as efficient saturable absorbers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2020_1.txt,sbert,2020_1.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_10.png,C,"Spin dynamics with ultracold atoms
Coherently coupled quantum mixtures can simulate the dynamics of magnetic materials. Here an inhomogeneous gas shows two different regions, one (top) where interactions dominate and the gas stays polarized in one spin state and another (bottom) where coupling prevails and the spin processes. Quantum torque leads to the breaking of the interface between the two magnetic regions, and spin shockwaves with strong anticorrelations are observed.
See Farolfi et al.
Image: Arturo Farolfi and Albert Gallemí, CNR-INO and University of Trento. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_1.txt,allv2,17_1.txt,"A liquid of magnetic multipoles
A detailed neutron-scattering study reveals a quantum spin liquid behaviour in Ce2Sn2O7 originating from its higher-order magnetic multipolar moments acting on the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice.
See Sibille et al.
Image: Nicolas Gauthier. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_8.txt,ave_3,16_8.txt,"Universal dynamics out of equilibrium
The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology.
See Huh et al. and Prüfer
Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Kondo screening by quasiparticles
The Kondo effect — the screening of a magnetic impurity’s local moment by the electron Fermi sea in a metal — has been observed in a charge-insulating quantum spin liquid material, where the spinon excitations take the role of electrons.
See Zorko et al.
Image: Matjaž Gomilšek, Durham University and Jožef Stefan Institute. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_5.txt,ave_2,15_5.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.png,C,"Immune signatures of pain
Single-cell transcriptomics is used to determine the gene signature of infiltrating immune cells and potential cell–cell interactions between receptors, ligands, ion channels and metabolites expressed on immune cells and sensory neurons in three models of inflammatory pain.
See Jain et al.
Image: Sara Hakim, Boston Children’s Hospital. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_6.txt,allv2,25_6.txt,"Long thought to travel in straight paths from membrane receptors to the nucleus, many immune receptor signaling cascades actually follow more convoluted pathways, some of which become entangled with signals emanating from heterologous receptors. In this issue, a series of specially commissioned articles discuss the molecular basis for and biological consequences of this dynamic signaling interaction. Additional insights on immune signaling cross-talk are available online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/crosstalk/index.html). Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/10_9.txt,multiBv1,10_9.txt,"Sentinel macrophage–nociceptor crosstalk
Why joints are highly responsive to systemic inflammation is unknown. Hasegawa et al. sought to address this question, developing a whole-mount imaging system of the entire synovium to profile the vascular, neuronal and immune components.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image credit: Tetsuo Hasegawa, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"In rheumatoid arthritis, CD4+ T cells infiltration in joint tissues requires cytoskeletal reorganization and the formation of membrane protrusions. Shen and colleagues (p 1025; News and Views by Tsokos, p 955) show that CD4+ T cells from a person with rheumatoid arthritis are poised to form lamellopodia and membrane ruffles and be tissue invasive as a result of metabolic reprogramming. The original image by Yi Shen and Cornelia Weyand shows membrane ruffles and podosomes in CD4+ T cells from a person with rheumatoid arthritis. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,29_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.png,D,"We spend a lifetime learning, storing, and refining a repertoire of diverse memories.
This diversity underlies the behavioral flexibility that humans and other animals
exhibit. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, James Heald and colleagues review a computational framework of such repertoire learning.
Key to the framework is that the brain associates memories with contexts and that
estimating the current context controls memory creation, expression, and updating.
This framework provides a unifying account of phenomena across numerous domains, including
classical and instrumental conditioning, episodic memory, economic decision making,
and motor learning. The cover image depicts different contexts, associated with manipulating
different objects in a variety of environments, which can lead to laying down distinct,
context-dependent episodic, procedural, and motor memories. Cover art by Matteo Farinella.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_12.txt,ave_3,27_12.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_2.txt,allv2,29_2.txt,"Failing to control one's own behavior underlies several social and mental health problems.
On pages 132–139 Todd Heatherton and Dylan D. Wagner review a large body of recent
psychological and neuroscientific research on self-regulation failures, including
addictive or hedonistic behavior, lack of emotional control, as well as stereotyping
and prejudicial behavior. The authors propose a model of self-regulation that accounts
for relf-regulation failures in terms of a loss of balance between prefrontal cortical
regions that implement cognitive control and subcortical structures that drive appetitive
behaviors. Although facetious, the cover image (Brett Lamb/iStock Vectors/Getty Images)
powerfully demonstrates the detrimental effects of loss of control.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/15_11.txt,ave_2,15_11.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.txt,groundtruth,29_1.txt,test
Nature Metabolism,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_6.png,A,"Nuclear moonlighting
The urea cycle enzyme argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1) translocates to the nucleus upon DNA damage, thus restraining cytosolic pyrimidine synthesis and producing nuclear fumarate to drive cell cycle arrest and subsequent genome repair. The image depicts the moonlighting function of ASS1.
See Lim et al.
Image: Grant Faint/Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,"Insights into folate synthesis
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) is a major NADPH producer. Rabinowitz and colleagues show that malic enzyme or isocitrate dehydrogenase can support the growth of cells lacking the oxPPP, but the oxPPP is necessary to maintain a normal NADPH/NADP ratio, DHFR activity and folate metabolism.
See Chen et al.
Image: robynmac / iStock / Getty Images Plus / Getty (vegetables); KATERYNA KON / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty (molecule). Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_10.txt,sbert,1_10.txt,"mtDNA replication defects cause nuclear DNA damage
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication stress in mtDNA mutator mice causes DNA damage (yellow dots) in spermatoid progenitors (turquoise nuclei), thus suggesting that defects in nuclear genome maintenance might be a unified mechanism for mouse progerias.
See Hämäläinen et al.
Image: Juan Cruz Landoni & Markus Innilä. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Ammonia couples glutaminolysis with lipogenesis
Cheng et al. report that ammonia released from glutaminolysis binds to SCAP to trigger its dissociation from Insig, thus activating SREBP-1 and promoting lipogenesis to support tumour growth. Depicted is a human lung tumor section with adjacent normal tissue stained for SREBP-1.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Chunming Cheng, Feng Geng and Deliang Guo, The Ohio State University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_8.txt,multiBv1,4_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_12.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,ave_2,21_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p143.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.txt,ave_3,21_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p14.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,test
Trends in Biotechnology,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_10.png,A,"The rising threat of multi-drug resistant infections has brought
bacteriophage into the spotlight, with advances in sequencing technologies and genetic
engineering techniques enabling rapid development of engineered phage therapeutics.
In pages 326–338 of this issue, Schmitt and colleagues discuss applications of designer
phage containing recombinant gene payloads to enhance antimicrobial activity and
manipulate the microbiome. Cover image from Jason Whitley, Senior Instructional
Designer, BTEC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,"Serious infections are caused by Gram-positive bacteria (“superbugs”), of which many
are resistant to nearly all available antibiotics. b-Lactams and glycopeptides are
used to combat these infections by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. On pages
596–604, Jovetic et al. introduce promising, novel molecules that will be necessary
to face the continuous evolution of antibiotic resistance in these bacteria. Superbug
image adapted from Jericho/Info Barrel. Cover design by Giorgia L. Marcone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/28_1.txt,ave_2,28_1.txt,"On pages 325–327 Lu and colleagues discuss how synthetic biology is advancing bacteriophage-based
diagnostics. Rapid detection enabled by bacteriophage-based diagnostics can enhance
the tracking and remediation of microbial contamination. Moreover, they point out
that synthetic biology can enable a broader generation of diagnostics through the
improvement of biological sensors, construction of signal processing circuits, and
integration of diagnostics into novel host chassis. Cover image and design by Yan
Liang (l2xy2.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_7.txt,allv2,31_7.txt,"A powerful emerging technology based on CRISPR/Cas-nucleobase deaminase fusions, known
as base editing, has recently opened new avenues for microbial genome engineering.
In pages 165–180 of this issue, Wang and colleagues discuss recent trends in developing
and applying base editing and auxiliary bioinformatics tools to engineer industrially
and clinically relevant microorganisms. Cover image concept from Yu Wang, Ye Liu,
and Meng Wang and illustrated by Liye Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/39_13.txt,ave_3,39_13.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_2.png,C,"This issue is focusing on the endocrine pancreas and recent, truly exciting advances
that pave the road for new applications towards diabetes therapies. Experts discuss
improved stem cell differentiation by manipulating proteins involved in chromatin
regulation, and development of groundbreaking new approaches to induce β cell conversion
from the non-endocrine compartment as well as small molecule-based cell reprogramming
of both distantly and developmentally related cells, without genetic manipulation.
Last but not least, islet receptors such as the NMDA receptors that might serve as
possible drug targets to develop new medications for adjunct treatment of diabetes
are highlighted. Image is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_11.txt,ave_3,27_11.txt,"This special issue of TEM is devoted to the beta cell. The articles cover topics such
as engineering and imaging of human beta cells, lypotoxicity and beta cell failure,
insulin dynamics and insulin exocytosis, the role of ZnT8 in maintaining zinc homeostasis
in beta cells, transcription factor networks governing beta cell development, and
how genetic associations influence diabetes risk through defects in beta cell function.
Collectively the articles offer a comprehensive look into recent advances in our understanding
of beta cell biology and function and of areas that can be exploited towards the development
of renewable sources of insulin producing cells or strategies for optimized diabetes
prevention and treatment. The cover is a cartoon of a beta cell with the key that
opens the door to controlled insulin secretion. Cover is from iStockphoto and has
been adapted by Effie Tzameli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/25_6.txt,allv2,25_6.txt,"Restoring functional beta cell mass is an essential step in curing
diabetes. While regenerating beta cells directly within the pancreas is an attractive
solution, its clinical translation has proven to be challenging. This month, Bourgeois
and colleagues discuss how new insights into beta cell regeneration can be used to
change diabetes therapy, shifting from “caring for” to “curing” this disorder. The
cover,
symbolizing renewal and transformation, merges a phoenix rising from its ashes with
a pancreatic islet. Cover credit: Len Degroote / Althar.be",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,"This issue is focusing on the endocrine pancreas and recent, truly exciting advances
that pave the road for new applications towards diabetes therapies. Experts discuss
improved stem cell differentiation by manipulating proteins involved in chromatin
regulation, and development of groundbreaking new approaches to induce β cell conversion
from the non-endocrine compartment as well as small molecule-based cell reprogramming
of both distantly and developmentally related cells, without genetic manipulation.
Last but not least, islet receptors such as the NMDA receptors that might serve as
possible drug targets to develop new medications for adjunct treatment of diabetes
are highlighted. Image is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_12.txt,multiBv1,27_12.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_2.png,A,"The cover image depicts the hypothetical schematic of cubosomes (lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles) entering the epithelia and subsequent tissues of a lower limb (leg) with varicose veins. Although they differ in internal structure and function, cubosomes are classified as a subtype of liposomes. Our research shows that liquid crystal nanoparticles can be efficiently used for the management and therapy of varicose veins. The cover image was created using Canva as a tool. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The antibacterial properties of nanosheet-shaped crystalline assemblies of enzymatically synthesized aminated cellulose oligomers (namely, surface-aminated synthetic nanocelluloses) and their synergy with a metal-chelating antibacterial agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, were demonstrated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,"The cover page presents a snapshot of cellular features enacting a tug of war event at the interface of biomaterials. The dynamic 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) framework, supporting cells in vivo, lends an inevitable contribution to the native physiochemical features of cells, and thus, it is essential to recapitulate these conditions precisely to investigate the interaction of cells with biomaterials. The work presents a magnetic levitated nanofibers-based hybrid scaffold capable of supporting cells in ECM-like 3D framework and at the same time mediating contractile forces to the cells in vitro. We further adapt this scaffold to investigate how fibroblast cells orchestrate distinct in vivo-like features and thereby lend crucial insight to cell mechanobiology at the interface of biomaterials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_1.txt,sbert,2019_1.txt,"A cell-sprayable hydrogel system was developed, combining a slow-gelling gelatin/PEG component with an instantaneously solidifying carrier PEG hydrogel. When sprayed, the hydrogel solidifies instantaneously on tissue surfaces, maintaining adhesion, exhibiting protein permeability, and supporting high cell viability. This hydrogel holds potential for immobilizing protein-secreting cells on complex tissue surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,val
Trends in Plant Science,29_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_6.png,C,"Nectar is the most important reward offered by flowering plants to
pollinators. Pollinator decline and global growing food demand make studying nectar
gland more important than ever before. Although the genetic mechanisms that control
the development of angiosperm flowers have been quite well understood for many
years, the development, the maturation of nectar gland, and the secretion of nectar
in
synchrony with the maturation of the sexual organs appears to be one of the flower’s
best kept secrets. Abdelhafid Bendahmane and colleagues review key findings
controlling these processes. Cover design and photograph: Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/26_11.txt,ave_1,26_11.txt,"Sustainable agriculture in response to increasing demands for food depends on development
of high-yielding crops with high nutritional value that require minimal intervention
during growth. Focus so far has been on changing plants by introducing genes that
impart new properties, which the plants and their ancestors never possessed. On pages
155–164 Michael G. Palmgren and colleagues suggest another potentially beneficial
and perhaps less controversial strategy that modern plant biotechnology may adopt.
This approach, which broadens earlier approaches to reverse breeding, aims to furnish
crops with lost properties that their ancestors once possessed in order to tolerate
adverse environmental conditions. What molecular techniques are available for implementing
such rewilding? Are the strategies legally, socially, economically, and ethically
feasible? These are questions addressed in the review. Cover design by Susanne C.
Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"To germinate in nature, orchid seeds strictly rely on seed germination-promoting
orchid mycorrhizal fungi (sgOMF) for provision of carbon nutrients. The
pathway for delivering these nutrients, however, remains elusive. Da-Ke Zhao, Zong-Min
Mou, and Yong-Ling Ruan present a model that explains how sugar is transported from
sgOMF to orchid embryonic cells to fuel germination. The proposed model serves as
a
launch pad for further research to better understand and improve orchid seed germination
and conservation. Image credit (public domain, National Gallery of Art): Painting
by Martin
Johnson Heade, Cattleya Orchid and Three Hummingbirds, 1871 (detail).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_6.txt,groundtruth,29_6.txt,"The reproductive success of higher plants depends on an elaborate communication network
that successfully balances vegetative and reproductive growth with endogenous and
environmental cues. Long-distance transport of signaling molecules through the phloem
has emerged as a major communication mechanism that allows higher plants to function
as an integrated organism, and ensures coordinated differentiation, growth, supply
of nutrients, and, consequently, the propagation into a succeeding generation. As
examples, the mobility of florigen and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) fundamentally
changed our understanding of how plants regulate and coordinate tissue formation,
allowing us to manipulate flowering time and meiosis, and thereby impact crop breeding.
On pages 198–206 Roisin C. McGarry and Friedrich Kragler address the identity of florigen,
the mechanism of allocation, and how virus-induced flowering and grafting of transgenes
producing siRNA signals affecting meiosis can produce transgene-free progenies useful
for agriculture. Image of a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) flower induced by virus-induced flowering provided by Roisin C. McGarry. Cover design
by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/18_9.txt,allv2,18_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.png,B,"The fabrication of a Ni–Co alloy phase with a porous carbon support enables faster mass transport and enhanced electric conductivity, which benefits the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction. The image illustrates the generation of molecular oxygen upon the decomposition of water molecules on the surface of Ni–Co alloy sites.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"elevated radiodensity, enabling real-time tracking of material development in living organisms through radioimaging. These hydrogels stand as a versatile and adjustable platform, allowing for the tunability of mechanical properties, swelling, and rates of biodegradation. Noteworthy for their cell-interactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these materials signify a leap forward in bioengineering innovation, specifically within the field of tissue engineering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_1.png,A,"This cover art illustrates the KOtBu-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of DMSO with C60, followed by a one-pot protonation to synthesize 1,2,3,4-cyclic sulfoxide-fused [60]fullerene dihydride. The X-ray crystal structure of this C60 derivative exhibits a round, paper-lantern-like shape, with cyclic sulfoxide outside the C60 cage resembling the handle of the lantern. This [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is also applicable to C70, and the lantern-shaped 1,2,3,4-cyclic sulfoxide-fused [60]/[70]fullerene dihydrides can serve as a versatile platform for the site-selective preparation of various fullerene multi-adducts containing a wide range of functional groups. This cover art was designed by Fei Li.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"This cover art illustrates a new cascade of thermal radical bond-forming processes involving an Alder-ene reaction followed by a formal 1,7-H shift, Myers–Saito cycloaromatization, and 1,5-hydrogen transfer to form highly functionalized benzo-fused 6-membered rings. This transformation requires thermal activation in the same way as Vietnamese “Bánh Chu’ng, Bánh Tét” that are cooked for the Lunar New Year festival.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_45.txt,allv2,2024_45.txt,The cover art illustrates that two novel nanographene segments bearing hetero[6]helicene units 3a and 5a have been achieved via a Diels–Alder cycloaddition process and the Scholl reaction. This thiophene-containing helicene derivative 5a exhibits a promising circularly polarized luminescence response. The cover was conceived and created by Jinchong Xiao.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_43.txt,multiBv1,2023_43.txt,"The cover art shows the structure of spiro[9.9]cycloparaphenylene, a figure-eight twisted [18]cycloparaphenylene with four ester moieties. This spiro[9.9]cycloparaphenylene is a highly stable compound synthesized enantioselectively by Rh-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition, which exhibits weak aggregation-induced emission enhancement behavior. The cover was conceived and created by Juntaro Nogami.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_29.txt,sbert,2023_29.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_3.png,A,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,ave_2,45_10.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,ave_3,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_4.txt,allv2,45_4.txt,test
One Earth,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_1.png,D,"On the cover: Clean water is vital to the health of our planet, yet increasing anthropogenic
pressures threaten this precious resource. Here, the graceful swirls of an algae bloom
reveal a water system imperiled by agricultural runoff, with consequences for biodiversity
and human health. Anton Petrus for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_10.txt,multiBv1,7_10.txt,"On the cover: Land is a finite resource, yet as the human population grows our demands
on land are ever increasing. Parcels of land have undergone multiple transformations,
and unsustainable land management practices have negatively impacted both people and
planet. Cover: Development plans on rural valley. Rupert King, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_6.txt,allv2,7_6.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_5.png,C,"Progressively increasing failure rates and high costs associated with cancer drug
development have necessitated alternative approaches to drug discovery. Exploring
established non-cancer drugs for anticancer activity provides an opportunity to rapidly
advance therapeutic strategies into clinical trials. In this issue, Subash C. Gupta,
Bokyung Sung, Sahdeo Prasad, Lauren J. Webb, and Bharat B. Aggarwal explore efforts
to repurpose diverse compounds into anticancer therapeutics.Cover image courtesy of
iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/34_4.txt,allv2,34_4.txt,"Regulators of the cell cycle are frequently altered in human cancers, and a promising
anticancer strategy is pharmacological inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases, particularly
the checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2. Selective inhibitors are now being tested in
clinical trials in cancer patients. In this issue, Michelle Garrett and Ian Collins
highlight recent data from cellular and in vivo preclinical models that inform the
clinical contexts for checkpoint kinase inhibition (e.g., the timing of treatment
and what type of inhibitor would be most appropriate).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/32_8.txt,multiBv1,32_8.txt,"Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors play a pivotal role in the
treatment of many B cell lymphomas. In this issue, Cool et al. provide a comprehensive
review presenting the past, present, and future of BTK inhibitors transforming the
treatment landscape of these diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The
cover illustrates this relentless innovation, with both translational laboratory and
clinical
research that led to the development of several novel BTK inhibitors, with subsequent
agents addressing the safety and resistance mechanisms of previous therapies. The
cover image was designed by Aila Jiang, and hand-drawn using Paint Tool Sai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,"Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a promising modality in drug discovery.
The November special issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences features both the challenges and opportunities in the TPD field, alternative TPD
strategies independent of the ubiquitin-proteosome system and advances capable of
evolving the discovery approaches for E3 ligase, target, and effective and selective
ligands. The cover a simple illustration of the mechanisms underpinning cuttingedge
strategies in the targeted degradation of extracellular secreted and membrane proteins.
Cover designed by Xuankun Chen, utilizing Biorender, with guidance from Weiping Tang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/44_2.txt,sbert,44_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_1.png,B,"Non-perennial segments of rivers undergo cycles of flowing, non-flowing and dry phases, influencing ecosystem dynamics and services across the river network. This Review describes the occurrence, ecology and future of these intermittent and ephemeral flows and highlights the importance of protecting these segments.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,"Land-use and climate changes can reduce the resilience of river deltas to regime shifts in channel morphodynamics, estuarine turbidity and the state of coastal wetlands. This Review discusses how these regime shifts can be triggered, monitored and prevented.
Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Stressors arising from anthropogenic climate change threaten tropical fisheries and, in turn, those extratropical nations reliant on them. This Review discusses the impact of climate change on tropical fish stocks and catch potential, the corresponding telecoupling and subsequent adaptation measures. See Lam et al.
Image: Mark Conlin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_4.txt,multiBv1,1_4.txt,"Degradation and loss of blue carbon ecosystems contributes to climate change, weakens coastal protection and threatens biodiversity. This Perspective outlines the actions required to achieve goals to restore and protect these ecosystems.
Image credit: Vincent Pommeyrol/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.txt,sbert,5_6.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_10.png,D,"On the cover: Generating stem cell-derived tissues that recapitulate endogenous organ
function remains a major challenge. In this issue, Alvarez-Dominguez et al. (108–122)
report that entraining the circadian metabolic rhythms furthers the maturation of
human stem cell-derived pancreatic islets. The cover depicts the stepwise development
of in vitro islets with activation of circadian clocks leading to mature insulin responses. Cover
artwork by Tom DiCesare.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/26_6.txt,ave_2,26_6.txt,"On the cover: In two reports appearing in Cell Stem Cell and Cell Reports Medicine, Ramzy et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.003) and Shapiro et al. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466) provide evidence that stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells can mature into
glucose-responsive, insulin-producing β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. The
cover art depicts a small sapling representing the nascent therapy of treating diabetes
with stem cell-derived cells “encapsulated” within the leaves. The success of this
research draws upon a century of fundamental research shown in the roots, including
the discovery of insulin, cadaveric islet transplantation, pancreatic islet biology,
the discovery of embryonic stem cells within blastocysts, and the development of in vitro differentiation protocols. Image courtesy of Ramzy and Kieffer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_1.txt,ave_3,28_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image represents vascularized 3D grafts containing human islets.
In this issue, Aghazadeh et al. (1936–1949) show that engraftment of human islet cells
and hESC-derived pancreatic cells is improved with vascularization using microvessels
derived from adipose tissue. Such grafts exhibited increased survival and glucose
responsiveness, leading to amelioration of type 1 diabetes. Image courtesy of the
authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_2.txt,allv2,28_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Hu et al. report on the hypoimmune editing of primary non-human primate islets that can be
transplanted into an allogeneic recipient and reverse diabetes. The cover illustrates
a monkey standing on a pancreas-shaped stone and introducing a gene-edited hypoimmune
islet organoid to the world. Cover art by Justin A. Klein and Emily Cheng for Mito
Pop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_10.txt,groundtruth,31_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_5.png,D,"Lineage relationships, inspired by the Review on p8.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_12.txt,sbert,18_12.txt,"Xenotransplantation, inspired by the Review on p745.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_1.txt,allv2,18_1.txt,"COVER: Unconventional T cells, inspired by the Review on p795.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_1.txt,ave_1,17_1.txt,"Post-translational modifications, inspired by the Review on p495.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_11.png,A,"Links in a chain
The assembly of artificial cell-like structures into interconnected networks with collective functions can improve our understanding of artificial multicellularity and is a step towards the construction of artificial tissues. Now, Yiyang Lin, Stephen Mann, Yan Qiao and co-workers have shown that a population of coacervate micro-droplets can spontaneously assemble into chain-like networks self-sorted as alternating sequences (as shown in an artistic representation on the cover). These superstructures enable spatially localized catalysis, molecular translocation and biomolecular sorting.
See Mu et al.
Image: Yan Qiao, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_11.txt,groundtruth,16_11.txt,"Although scientists are able to reproduce many structural aspects of cellular compartmentalization found in biology, achieving mimicry of their social behaviours is somewhat more challenging. Now, Stephen Mann and co-workers have prepared a community of synthetic cell-like bodies, or protocells, in which ‘killer’ coacervate microdroplets (stylized on the cover in blue) target a population of proteinosomes (orange), lysing their membrane and capturing their payload. This research not only provides insight to how precursors to early cellular life may have operated, but also delivers a possible platform for new technologies.Article p110News &amp; Views p107IMAGE: DR YAN QIAO, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOLCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_11.txt,sbert,9_11.txt,"Catalysis in biological systems typically involves the careful orchestration of supramolecular interactions within and between large biomolecules to control the spatial and temporal outcome of the reactions. Harnessing such cooperativity is challenging in synthetic macromolecular systems, but now a team led by Yao Lin and Jianjun Cheng have shown that brush polymers in which polypeptide chains are grown from a polynorbornene backbone can catalyse their own formation. The growing polypeptides can fold into α-helices (as stylized on the cover) which results in cooperative interactions between the macrodipoles of neighbouring chains and enhances the rate of their formation.Article p614IMAGE: AARON KAPPERCOVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_6.txt,multiBv1,9_6.txt,"Membraneless organelles formed through the phase separation of disordered proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions. However, our understanding of the requirements for forming analogous artificial multi-component structures is limited. A team led by Nick J. Carroll and Gabriel P. López has now outlined some of the design rules for forming diverse assemblies through the phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins within droplet microenvironments. The cover of this issue features a stylized image of a multi-layered coacervate, with each layer formed from a different protein phase.Article p509IMAGE: ELLA MARU STUDIOCOVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_7.txt,allv2,9_7.txt,val
Cell Chemical Biology,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.png,B,"On the cover: The thuggacins are macrolide antibiotics which are active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Distinct variants of these structures are produced
by the myxobacteria Sorangium cellulosum So ce895 and Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5, which differ in side chain structure and modification by hydroxylation. Thuggacins
are produced on large multifunctional enzymes consisting of polyketide synthase (PKS)
and nonribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS) parts. In this issue, Buntin et al.
(pp. 342–356) report a comparative analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters in both
strains, which reveals the mechanistic basis for this architectural diversity. The
cover image shows an environmental scanning electron photomicrograph of the myxobacterial
strain Chondromyces crocatus SBCm010 in the fruiting body stage (photography: Ronald Garcia, Marcus Koch).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/17_9.txt,multiBv1,17_9.txt,"On the cover: Bacterial respiration is the primary pathway to produce energy, coupling
with the electron transport chain (ETC) to transfer electrons. Targeting the ETC leads
to energy depletion and bacterial death. In this cover by Li et al., bacteria are depicted as the glowing light bulbs equipped with electrical circuits.
Antibacterial compounds block electron transfer leading to bacterial death, which
is like interruption of circuits causing the lights to turn off. Hence, targeting
the ETC is an attractive strategy to discover antibiotics. Image credit: Kui Zhu and
Qian Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The image is a falsely colored electron micrograph showing E. coli cells treated with a recently developed multimodal host defense peptidomimetic. Jahnsen
et al, pp. 1286–1295, report that the host defense peptidomimetic fights Gram-negative
bacteria in a multifunctional manner and that bacterial killing takes place as a result
of the combined effects of membrane perturbation and targeting of intracellular components.
This complex mode of action is less likely to confer resistance development in E. coli compared to the major classes of antibiotics in current use. The compound also exhibits
desirable antibacterial activity against microbial biofilm communities, and has appropriate
immunomodulatory activity. All these beneficial properties suggest that this host
defense peptidomimetic has high potential as a future anti-infective drug.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"On the cover: A cell-free ‘phactory’ for personalized phages to fight antibiotic-resistant
bacteria (Emslander et al., 1434–1445). Cover art by Barth van Rossum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_4.txt,ave_2,29_4.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.png,C,"Development
Embryo structures assembled from three cell types
See Sozen et al.
Image: [Berna Sozen, Gianluca Amadei and Magdalena-Zernicka-Goetz at the University of Cambridge]. Cover Design: [Lauren Heslop].",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_5.txt,ave_2,20_5.txt,Prohibitin is important for cell migration and its depletion induces changes in epithelial morphogenesis.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/7_5.txt,sbert,7_5.txt,"Human embryonic arrest
Single-cell multi-omics of arrested human embryos reveal that cytoskeletal defects cause embryonic arrest characterized by zygotic genome activation.
See Li et al.
Image: Lin Li and Teng Wang, Southern Medical University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_11.txt,groundtruth,26_11.txt,"Development
Aneuploidy in human embryos
See Yang et al.
Image: Min “Mia” Yang. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_9.txt,allv2,23_9.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_11.png,D,"Neutralizing gremlins protects against myocarditis
Perez-Shibayama et al. report that restoring BMP4 signaling with antibodies that neutralize the BMP inhibitors gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 can ameliorate myocarditis by reducing immune cell infiltration, the production of pathogenic cytokines, and pro-inflammatory activity in fibroblasts.
See Perez-Shibayama et al.
Image: Nadine Cadosch, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,"BAG3 variant and cardioprotection
Perez-Bermejo et al. perform an in-depth study on a variant in the BAG3 gene that has been previously associated with a decreased incidence of heart failure and show that in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes engineered to express such BAG3 variant, the interaction profile of the corresponding BAG3 protein has changed, rendering the engineered cardiomyocytes more resistant to a well-known cardiotoxic drug.
See Perez-Bermejo et al.
Image: Courtesy of Paula Marengo; heart illustration: NSA Digital Archive / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"A mesenchymal progenitor for lymphatic endothelium
Lupu et al. demonstrate that mammalian lymphatic endothelial cells are specified directly from a population of specialized angioblasts, in a process that does not require transdifferentiation from venous endothelium.
See Lupu et al.
Image: Maria Diaz de la Loza, Scientific Illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/4_1.txt,sbert,4_1.txt,"A bispecific antibody to treat bleeding disorders
Gandhi, Zivkovic, Østergaard et al. describe a bispecific antibody, HMB-001, that can be used for the potential prophylactic treatment of patients with genetic bleeding disorders.
See Ghandhi et al.
Image: Hemab ApS, Verge Scientific. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2025_1.png,D,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_6.png,D,"On the cover: Marine planktonic eukaryotes play a critical role in global biogeochemical
cycles and climate. However, their poor representation in culture collections limits
our understanding of their ecology and evolution. In the issue of Cell Genomics, Delmont et al. characterize the genomic content of planktonic eukaryotes abundant
in the sunlit ocean by means of genome-resolved metagenomics. They perform the first
comprehensive genome-wide functional classification of unicellular eukaryotic plankton,
revealing four major groups connecting distantly related lineages. The cover illustrates
an ocean of eukaryotic plankton. Cover design by Noan Le Bescot; images credit: Karan
Kapoor via Getty Images and Christian Sardet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_8.txt,multiBv1,2_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Marlétaz et al. report the genome and the developmental epigenome of the European
sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, highlighting the regulatory conservation and fast gene order evolution between sea
urchins. This original underwater photograph was shot by Owen Wangensteen in their
natural habitat in the Mediterranean near Barcelona (Spain). It shows three P. lividus individuals and highlights both their color variability and their behavioral tendency
to capture and hold small objects (stones, algae) above them.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_9.txt,sbert,3_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes,
relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed
and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast
cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria,
sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar
plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler
and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke
Lab, NYU Langone.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"On the cover: Mycena olivaceomarginata, October 15, 2022, Torød, Vestfold, Norway. This species has the biggest mushroom
genome hitherto found, which is the epitome of the research by Bugge Harder et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. Mycena species generally have very large genomes compared to most other mushrooms, but this
particular species has a genome that is 3–4 times the size of that of the already
large Mycena genomes. Photographer: Arne Aronsen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_2.png,A,"Long noncoding RNAs use structural mimicry
Two studies by Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang uncover a Père David’s deer-like design for the long noncoding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, respectively, which partially mimic tRNA structure to recruit specific tRNA-processing enzymes during their maturation.
See Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang
Image credit: Jeremy Inglis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,"Recycling tRNAs from stalled ribosomes
Work from the Shao lab reveals that human ANKZF1 severs polypeptidyl-tRNAs on RQC complexes by cleaving the terminal 3'CCA nucleotides, which leads to tRNA fragments that are quality checked and recycled in the cytosol.
See Yip et al.  26 , 343-349 (2019)
Image: Erin Dewalt, composite using tRNA model from molekuul.be / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_8.txt,sbert,26_8.txt,"Opening up T-box RNA
Structural elucidation of T-box–tRNA complexes provides new insights into the mechanisms of tRNA decoding and aminoacylation sensing by T-box riboswitches.
See Li, Su et al., Battaglia et al., Suddala and Zhang
Image: composite by Erin Dewalt using image from Yevgen Romanenko / Moment / Getty and structures of T-box–tRNA complex in ribbon representation prepared by Jacob Weaver and Alexander Serganov. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,"Mechanisms of RNA processing and splicing
In this issue, we feature studies investigating RNA processing, including mechanisms of mRNA splicing, biogenesis of the splicing machinery, decoding of mRNA by the ribosome, and deadenylation of mRNA for degradation.
See Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Fabio Pagani / Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_8.txt,ave_3,31_8.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_3.png,B,"Immunoprotected and unclumped pancreatic islets
This issue includes a Perspective on the design of reproducible preclinical studies with an eye on translatability, and highlights the encapsulation of allogeneic pancreatic islet cells to extend their longevity after implantation, telmisartan prodrugs for the reduction of liver fibrosis, the conjugation of haematopoietic stem cells and anti-PD-1-decorated platelets for treating leukaemia, inhaled bacteriophage-loaded polymeric microparticles for treating lung infections, nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery for restoring the growth suppression of prostate tumours, and renal-protective DNA-origami nanostructures.
The cover illustrates a monkey’s omental bursa bearing transplanted allogeneic pancreatic islet cells encapsulated in alginate, which reduces foreign-body responses and extends the cells’ longevity.
See Bochenek et al.
Image: Islet Research Team at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/2_2.txt,multiBv1,2_2.txt,"An immunosuppressive subcutaneous niche for treating ulcerative colitis
This issue highlights an injectable zwitterionic gel that can be applied to the tip of insulin-infusion catheters, week-long normoglycaemia in diabetic mice and minipigs via glucose-responsive insulin, subcutaneous biodegradable scaffolds for restimulating the antitumour activity of pre-administered CAR T cells, an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific immune niche for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, subcutaneous neovascularization for the long-term survival of encapsulated islets without immunosuppression, prevention of peri-implant fibrosis by functionally inhibiting skeletal cells expressing the leptin receptor, and the discovery of immunometabolic cues reprogramming the microenvironment around implanted biomaterials.
The cover illustrates an injectable subcutaneous colon-specific niche consisting of colon epithelial cells, decellularized colon extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive nanofibres.
See Au et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Glucose-responsive microneedle patches
This issue highlights glucose-responsive transdermal patches for the regulation of blood glucose in minipigs, a supramolecular co-formulation of insulin and pramlintide that enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in pigs, an ‘add-on’ fluorescent label for the femtomolar detection of analytes with standard bioassays, collagen-binding IL-12 for the treatment of ‘immunologically cold’ murine tumours, a robotically handled whole-tissue culture system for the screening of oral drug formulations and the de novo development of proteolytically resistant therapeutic peptides for oral administration.
The cover illustrates a transdermal patch, bearing microneedles loaded with insulin and a glucose-responsive matrix, for the regulation of blood glucose.
See Yu, J. et al.
Image: Zhen Gu, University of California, Los Angeles. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_8.txt,ave_3,4_8.txt,"Peritumoural immunomodulatory scaffolds
This issue highlights an anti-CD98 antibody with pH-dependent binding for antitumour therapy, cytotoxic CAR T cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells with enhanced proliferation and persistency in solid tumours, intragastrically delivered polymeric micelles releasing butyrate for the restoration of barrier-protective responses in mouse models of gut inflammation, peritumourally implanted immunomodulatory macroporous scaffolds providing systemic antitumour immunity, and pathogen-mimicking polymer nanoparticles inducing T-helper-17-cell-mediated antitumour immunity
The cover illustrates that a scaffold releasing specific small molecules and antibodies can suppress regulatory T cells and attract and stimulate effector T cells when implanted peritumourally in mice.
See Majedi et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko and Ekaterina Zvorykina, Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_12.txt,allv2,7_12.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.png,C,"Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) in blood have been identified as a risk factor for
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease via numerous genetic and epidemiological studies.
Consequently, lipoprotein(a) has become an attractive target to combat cardiovascular
diseases. On pages 212–225 of this issue, Koschinsky and colleagues summarize the
most recent discoveries regarding therapeutic approaches to lower lipoprotein(a) and
present these findings in the context of an emerging understanding of its biosynthesis
and catabolism. Cover image courtesy istock/Eoneren. Cover design by Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_11.txt,ave_3,40_11.txt,"The available treatment options for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have serious limitations
related to efficacy and safety. Due to the significant health and economic burden
of CVD, newer approaches that target the root causes of the diseases are urgently
needed. To discover and develop novel mechanism-based targeted therapies, a better
understanding of the molecular basis of all facets of CVD is required. Achieving this
is not fully possible in human clinical studies because CVD are complex. Animal models
allow the study of several variables under very controlled conditions and the application
of procedures that are difficult to use in clinical conditions. This November issue
focuses on the challenges and opportunities in the discovery and development of biologics
for CVD; and promising animal models, for elucidation of critical molecular pathways
involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression,
and identification of potential novel mechanism-based targeted therapies. Cover image
created by Andrea Colliva using Biorender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/43_2.txt,ave_2,43_2.txt,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,"Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing
their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized
as
a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular
disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic
factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet
therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic
and non-genetic
factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses
to
antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into
platelet
biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored
therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image,
conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features
a
heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications,
symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with
thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse
individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart
and
hands are from Adobe Stock images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_2.txt,allv2,46_2.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_8.png,C,"On the cover: This artistic representation showcases a 3D-printed Ti-6Al-4V screw
designed for spinal procedures. Karavasili et al. show that its fenestrated, microstructured geometry enables precise antibiotic release
via an injectable hydrogel composite, promoting osteoblast activity and inhibiting
bacterial growth. A fusion of engineering and biomedicine, this innovation potentially
offers a safer, patient-specific alternative to traditional bone cement. Image by
ScienceBrush Design.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Bidirectional twisting motion plays vital roles in biological organisms.
Zou et al. introduce a re-foldable origami strategy into artificial muscles, utilizing
different pre-programmed crease patterns to achieve bidirectional twisting. Re-foldable
square-twist artificial muscles derived from re-foldable square-twist origami is demonstrated,
where different twisting directions are induced through difference in torsional resistance
resulting from applying vacuum on two chambers in sequence. The image was created
by Zhongdong Jiao, Chao Zhang, and Jun Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_8.txt,allv2,2_8.txt,"On the cover: Li et al. explore a soft and watery artificial muscle inspired by jellyfish, enhancing the
design of versatile and untethered underwater robots. The image features three applications:
a jellyfish-type robot at the center, a flapping robot at the bottom left, and a soft
robotic gripper at the top left. These examples underscore the muscle's potential
to enable complex and biomimetic movements in underwater robotics. The cover was made
by Xinge Li, Dingnan Rao, and Xuxu Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.
It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent
the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered
throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation
efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence
of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,ave_2,5_6.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_11.png,C,"Despite their fundamental nature, many transition metal carbonyl cations (TMCCs) are only observed in the gas phase. The handling of these reactive cations in the condensed phase required the development of specialized pseudo-gas-phase conditions",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,The use of traditional chemical tools together with the molecules and machinery of the cell have opened a new frontier in our ability to synthesize complex molecules and molecular systems with new properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,Dirhodium tetracarboxylate-promoted reactions have served as a proving ground for modern computational chemistry methods. The applied theoretical chemistry of such reactions regularly has led to new models of organometallic reactivity. Key developments include the rise of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"In the 50th year of publishing Accounts at the forefront of chemistry and related disciplines, we look toward the future of molecular sciences with this special issue on “Holy Grails in Chemistry”.  The grand challenges in chemistry include solar energy conversion, catalysis, the chemistry of materials and biopolymers, and insight into the makings of the universe and the origins of life.  We thank Steven Benner (FfAME) and Younan Xia (Georgia Institute of Technology) for concepts and components of this cover image. Cover art design by Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_10.txt,allv2,2017_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.png,D,"Leveraging multispecific antibodies to treat patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p539.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.txt,sbert,21_6.txt,"Using AI to predict clinical outcomes, inspired by the Perspective on p132.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_11.txt,multiBv1,19_11.txt,"Immune-checkpoint inhibitors as a double-edged sword, inspired by the Review on p254.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_9.txt,allv2,19_9.txt,"Using computational tools to predict response to immunotherapies, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,train
Nature Water,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_11.png,B,"Isotope monitoring of river flow dynamics
River flow dynamics, encompassing all interactions and processes that regulate water movements within river systems, are influenced by various factors such as precipitation and land use. Understanding these dynamics is essential for water resource management within ongoing hydroclimate and land-use changes. By analysing stable isotopes in water molecules from rivers globally, Vystavna and colleagues identify the young water fraction (<2−3months) and introduce an indicator of dynamic water retention that shows river flow dynamics are influenced by land use and hydroclimate characteristics. The cover shows the Schlögener Schlinge in the upper Danube valley in Austria, where the Danube almost forms a circle. In large river catchments like the Danube, contributing tributaries exhibit varied catchment and climate characteristics, leading to contrasting trends in young water fraction and dynamic water retention.
See Vystavna et al.
Image: Walter Geiersperger/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_5.txt,ave_2,2_5.txt,"Open evapotranspiration data support water management
Annual evapotranspiration rates computed from OpenET for irrigated agricultural lands and wetland areas near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake rivers contrast with evapotranspiration from the surrounding shrubland and grassland ecosystems. OpenET uses satellite imagery and gridded meteorological data to provide publicly accessible evapotranspiration information to support data-driven water management. In this issue, the OpenET Consortium answers the question ‘how accurate is OpenET’ with model intercomparison and accuracy assessment of field-scale (30 m) evapotranspiration data from six satellite-driven models.
See Volk et al.
IMAGE: openetdata.org. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,"A deep look at lake surface temperatures
Lake surface water temperature is rising across the globe. Less than half of lake warming is due to surface air temperature (SAT) change, and accelerated evaporation causes slower lake warming compared to SAT. The image on the cover shows a composite of two Landsat images captured in July of different years (1987 for northeast and 2016 for southwest) from the same location (Ozero Neyto, Russia, and its surrounding sprawling lakes).
See Tong et al.
IMAGE: Lian Feng, Southern University of Science and Technology. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_6.png,D,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Neuromodulating psychological traits
In this issue, Williams et al. present the results from the Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Stimulation (SHIFT) trial investigating imaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) to increase the ability to be hypnotized. Hypnosis has been posited as a non-pharmacological intervention for functional pain disorders. The trial demonstrated that in a sample of participants with fibromyalgia syndrome, inhibition of the L-DLPFC was associated with greater ability to be hypnotized, indicative of a promising target for noninvasive neuromodulation. The cover depicts a representation of neuromodulation of the L-DLPFC during the SHIFT paradigm.
See Williams et al.
Image: Ori Dvir. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_12.txt,sbert,2_12.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"Default-mode network and dementia
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia are associated with changes in the default-mode network (DMN), the distributed set of regions that are active when an individual is not focused on an external task or stimuli. In this issue, Ereira et al. demonstrate that altered DMN connectivity can be used to identify future dementia incidence at the individual level. The cover of the July issue alludes to the possibility of using brain activation patterns in the DMN to predict dementia and its potential for early detection and intervention.
See Ereira et al.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.png,B,Artistic interpretation depicting the fusion of density functional electronic structure theory and neural network potentials trained to achieve high accuracy for drug-like molecules to create a first-generation Quantum Deep Potential Interaction (QD,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_21.txt,ave_2,2023_21.txt,"This work presents a novel automatic machine learning-based manifold learning approach to discover essential transition components with kinetic properties. The circuit in the cover story represents neurons transmitting kinetic information from high-dimensional space into the protein structure of interest. The conformational space of the peptide (shown as sticks) is explored comprehensively in the protein pocket with shape complementarity considered. The lower curves with starring points indicate the long-lasting conformations, which can be used to guide subsequent drug design and lead optimization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"In drug discovery target druggability is frequently interpreted as the ease with which a protein pocket may bind with high affinity and specificity drug-like small molecules. However owing to protein flexibility, many druggable protein pockets are 'cryptic' and only revealed after a ligand has already been identified. Cuchillo et al. report the JEDI algorithm (Just Exploring protein Druggability at Interfaces) to facilitate the prediction of cryptic druggable pockets in proteins by means of biased molecular dynamics simulations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_8.txt,allv2,2015_8.txt,"A machine learning approach LINES is used to accelerate sampling of binding sites around TIM3 and P26. The strongest binding site is targeted and found to support stable binding in a pose that we hypothesize blocks TIM3-GAL9 binding, a reaction that is known to suppress immune responses.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_7.txt,ave_3,2023_7.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_19.png,A,"UV degradable plastics are synthesized by incorporating phenacyl ester derivatives as either monomers or cross-linkers. These materials undergo complete degradation upon UV exposure, producing acidic byproducts that can be harnessed for other beneficial reactions. The depiction of a plastic bottle decomposing was generated by Dall-E 2.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,"Polymerization of Pickering emulsions stabilized by natural organic particles arises as a sustainable, innovative, and polyvalent pathway to produce various advanced materials. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_14.txt,multiBv1,2021_14.txt,"Over the past half-century, the proliferation of synthetic polymers has put affordable goods in the hands of many consumers. However, it has also facilitated the development of a pervasive throwaway lifestyle. The cover photos represent four different facets of the sustainability challenge currently facing the polymer industry: how can polymer scientists and engineers design and develop new types of useful polymers that are renewably resourced, high performing, and environmentally innocuous? Our Perspective describes previous advances and outstanding challenges relevant to solving this puzzle. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_15.txt,allv2,2017_15.txt,UV-induced chain-end modification of aldehyde-functional polymers via [2 + 2] Paterno−Büchi cycloaddition with alkenes. See page 7969.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_5.txt,sbert,2011_5.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_406,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_406.png,A,COVER This week features a  Perspective on how day length modulates the behavioral effects of estrogens. [Image: J. Foxx/Getty Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_406.txt,groundtruth,2007_406.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week Science Signaling features a Focus Issue highlighting endocrine signaling in human health. The Meeting Report describes highlights from the ""New Inroads to Child Health Conference"" that bridged the gap from basic science to treating and understanding human disease by bringing together basic researchers studying the molecular effects of hormone action and pediatric endocrinologist clinicians. [Image: Thinkstock]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_143.txt,allv2,3_143.txt,COVER This week features a Perspective on circadian signaling in the regulation of plant transpiration. [Image: Julie White],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_390.txt,multiBv1,2007_390.txt,COVER This week's issue features a  Perspective on how the neuropeptide VGF is involved in the mood-elevating effects of exercise and other stimuli. [Image: Jupiter Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_18.txt,sbert,1_18.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.png,D,"Folding and unfolding, inspired by the Review on p546.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_4.txt,sbert,23_4.txt,"‘Macrophage allsorts’, inspired by the Review on p716
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/18_2.txt,multiBv1,18_2.txt,"‘Universal cell present’, inspired by the Review on p723
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,"Membrane organisers, inspired by the Review on p193.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_10.txt,groundtruth,24_10.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_11.png,A,"Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy
Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy captures rare cellular events. The image shows immune synapses formed between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cyan) and tumor cells (magenta) within a population of cultured cells. Cytotoxic granules are shown in yellow.
See Shi et al.
Image: Yu Shi and Wesley Legant, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Inverted fluorescence microscopy images of cells showing membrane receptors labeled with quantum dots overlaid with simulated singleparticle trajectories. Cover design by Erin Boyle using images supplied by Didier Marguet and Khuloud Jaqaman. Articles p687, p695, News and Views p671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/5_5.txt,sbert,5_5.txt,Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy is our choice for Method of the Year 2014 for its ability to image three dimensional biological samples at high speed and with low toxicity. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Light-sheet image from Nik962/iStock/Thinkstock. Special feature begins on p19.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/12_12.txt,allv2,12_12.txt,"Focus on methods for immunology
A scanning electron microscope image captures the dynamic interplay between a CD19-hexapod biomimetic antigen-presenting structure and an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell.
See Huang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_8.txt,multiBv1,21_8.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_1.png,B,"Mixotrophy beneath the ice
Shown is the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. Baltar and colleagues used multi-omics approaches to characterize the microbial communities in the mesopelagic water column beneath the ice in this region, finding a mixotrophic bacterial group with previously unrecognized importance for ocean carbon and sulfur cycling.
See Baltar et al.
Image: Andrew Palmer / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_7.txt,sbert,8_7.txt,"Avian influenza in Antarctica
The International high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) Australis Expedition 2024 monitored the spread of HPAI virus in Antarctica. A molecular diagnostic laboratory was set up on board the sailing boat Australis depicted in this image. Aguado et al. discuss the aims, challenges and learnings from this expedition, and how on-site diagnostics can be valuable for real-time surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks amongst wildlife.
See Aguado et al.
Image: Antonio Alcamí, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Uncovering coronavirus entry
Letko et al. describe the development of an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. Using it, they confirm human ACE2 as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for viral entry.
See Letko, M. et al.
Image: Michael Letko, RML, NIH/NIAID. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_9.txt,allv2,5_9.txt,"Sticking together
Direct interaction of influenza virus with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract results in increased bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells in culture and in higher bacterial burdens in vivo.
See Rowe, H. M. et al.
Image: Jason Rosch, Hannah Rowe and Aaron Pitre. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/4_5.txt,multiBv1,4_5.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_8.png,A,"Flexible tandem light-emitting diodes
The cover image depicts a flexible 10 × 10 matrix of narrow-band and high-efficiency green tandem light-emitting diodes, combining nanocrystal perovskite light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode units.
See Lee et al.
Image: Tae-Woo Lee / Seoul National University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_8.txt,groundtruth,19_8.txt,"Lasing from bulk nanocrystals
The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating.
See Geiregat
Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_1.txt,multiBv1,18_1.txt,"Photonic crystals help quantum dots to shed more light.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Ganesh  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_5.txt,ave_3,2_5.txt,"Visualizing perovskites’ energetic (nano)landscape
This artistic representation shows charge carriers in alloyed halide perovskites funnelled into local hotspots to emit light. The mechanism shows defect tolerance and can be beneficial for solar cell applications.
See Stranks
IMAGE: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio) COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_11.txt,allv2,17_11.txt,train
Molecular Cell,85_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_1.png,B,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_4.txt,ave_2,85_4.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_1.txt,groundtruth,85_1.txt,"On the cover: A flood of discoveries expanding not only the different classes of regulatory
RNAs but also revealing a variety of distinct regulatory roles has changed how we
think about these nucleic acids and their biological functions. From their ability
to base pair with other nucleic acids and serve as scaffolds for protein complexes
to their dynamic structure and catalytic activity, the properties of RNAs make them
ideal regulatory molecules. Our knowledge of the diversity of these RNA-based mechanisms
continues to grow, as does our understanding of the critical pathways and processes
they impact. This image depicts some of these RNAs—thermosensors, tRNAs, and riboswitches—showing
them emerging from the background as central regulatory elements, making an indelible
stamp on molecular biology. Cover art by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/43_1.txt,ave_3,43_1.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_3.txt,allv2,85_3.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_2.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Orozco et al. explore a systems-biology approach that uncovers novel disease mechanisms
in age-related macular degeneration. The cover depicts an artist’s representation
of a fundus image of a human retina with age-related macular degeneration, using a
combination of pastels and digital techniques. The yellow-orange color represents
a geographic atrophy lesion. Image created by Allison K. Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_7.txt,multiBv1,3_7.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,sbert,1_3.txt,"On the cover: As we age—particularly with Alzheimer’s—various processes centered on
our DNA become gradually “broken.” Collectively, these changes, reviewed by Gouveia Roque et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, act as drivers of disease progression and cognitive decline. The cover highlights
this relationship, drawing inspiration from the genetic mosaicism now known to characterize
the Alzheimer’s brain. Image credit: Cláudio Gouveia Roque.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover represents a visual metaphor for the pipeline developed by
Saez Atienzar et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, which uses large-scale genomics and transcriptomics to identify promising drugs
for C9orf72-related diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
The front of the image features a selected drug, symbolizing the successful repurposing
of a therapeutic candidate (acamprosate). In contrast, other drugs are depicted as
being rejected or left behind, representing those deemed ineffective by our screening
process. This captures the essence of our proposed repurposing strategy: a rigorous,
data-driven approach to narrow down effective treatments from a broad pool of candidates.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_34,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_34.png,A,Tuning acid/base electrochemistry via hydrophobicity and electric fields.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_34.txt,groundtruth,2024_34.txt,"This cover image demonstrates the critical role of the solvent in the ion motion of intrinsically anionic metal–organic framework (MOF)-based quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs). Using hybrid theoretical and experimental approaches, we have identified solvent-assisted hopping as the dominant pathway for Li+ conduction in such materials, exemplified by MOF-688.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_22.txt,sbert,2022_22.txt,"This study shows an interfacial electric-field-induced prototropic tautomerization reaction in an enzymatic-like nanopocket created by the atomically sharp gold electrodes using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The mechanistic studies revealed a proton relay-assisted tautomerization, showing the importance of external factors, like solvent, in electric-field-driven reactions. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,This work reveals an epitaxy-like conversion reaction mechanism through electrochemical intercalation chemistry. This illustration depicts the self-evolved robust layer-interlaced nanostructure of an R3m-type bismuth electrode for hosting chlorine.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.txt,multiBv1,2024_18.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.png,C,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_3.png,C,"Despite the importance of roots, they have been ignored by modern crop research and
breeding. On pages 957–960 Lee T. Hickey and colleagues discuss important progress
in crop root research and highlight how the context-dependent optimisation of underground
and above-ground plant components provides opportunities to improve future crops in
the face of increasing environmental fluctuations. Image credit: Hannah Robinson,
Kai Voss-Fels and Benjamin Wittkop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/23_2.txt,allv2,23_2.txt,"This is the second part of a two-part special issue on climate change and sustainability.
The cover is a snapshot of the vast array of below-ground communications between plants
and other organisms. The potential for these activities to contribute to combating
climate change effects is highlighted in several articles in the issue. For example,
Poonam Panchal and Jitender Giri and colleagues propose that in forests and grasslands
root exudates can contribute to long-term carbon sequestration and emphasize the need
to preserve the existing ecosystems to foster carbon sequestration through higher
root exudate inputs in the soil. Image credit: FeiYan Jiang and Gu Feng, China Agricultural
University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_6.txt,sbert,27_6.txt,"Sucrose, derived from photosynthesis, serves as the primary energy
source for plants. It is produced in the leaves and transported to the roots via the
phloem, playing a crucial role in providing energy. Environmental conditions can affect
photosynthesis, influencing the sucrose budget available for roots. Plants can adapt
their root systems to optimize resource uptake from the soil and ensure the plant's
adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Tom Beeckman and colleagues
review emerging research indicating that SnRK1, T6P, and TOR collectively serve as
fundamental regulators of root development together forming a signaling module to
interpret the nutritional status of the plant and translate this to growth adjustments
in the
below ground parts. Image credit: Elissa Steil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_3.txt,groundtruth,29_3.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,multiBv1,29_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.png,B,"Key advances in endocrinology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p71
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_11.txt,allv2,17_11.txt,"A discussion of pituitary stem cells, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Targeting the central melanocortin system, inspired by the Review on p507.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_4.txt,multiBv1,19_4.txt,"The functions of bone marrow adipose tissue, inspired by the Review on p626.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_2.txt,sbert,19_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_7.png,B,"The transition to renewable energy requires notable quantities of technology metals and materials, the production of which causes substantial environmental damage. This Review discusses raw material extraction approaches that optimize technical performance and reduce environmental impacts. See Pell et al.
Image: Opla/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"Increasing light emissions threaten human and ecological health. This Review outlines existing measurements and projections of light pollution trends and impacts, as well as developments in ground-based and remote sensing techniques that are needed to improve them.
Image credit: Dneutral Han/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Dust influences the global energy budget through various Earth system interactions. This Review outlines these interactions, revealing a total radiative effect of -0.2 ± 0.5 Wm-2, which alongside 55±30% historical increases in dust, have contributed a radiative forcing of -0.07 ± 0.18 Wm-2.
Paul Souders/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,"Degradation and loss of blue carbon ecosystems contributes to climate change, weakens coastal protection and threatens biodiversity. This Perspective outlines the actions required to achieve goals to restore and protect these ecosystems.
Image credit: Vincent Pommeyrol/Getty images. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.png,C,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Almost a decade of developments: Substrate-integrated hollow waveguides for advanced gas sensing systems,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,"A prototype smartphone-based device for flow cytometry has been developed, and its operation is facilitated by the use of brightly photoluminescent supra-nanoparticle assemblies of colloidal quantum dots. Cells are immunolabeled with different colors of these assemblies to be classified and enumerated. Cover art by W. Russ Algar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.txt,groundtruth,2022_6.txt,artwork by Mariana Avila and Diana Mancera entitled “Reach for the Stars – inspiring Latin American women in STEM”.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_1.txt,ave_3,2022_1.txt,train
Med,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_11.png,A,"On the cover: Amputees often struggle with natural interaction due to missing sensory
feedback in their prostheses, including temperature perception. Muheim et al. utilize phantom thermal sensations to provide real-time temperature information about
grasped objects, via a standalone system integrated into a commercially available
prosthesis. This system can potentially improve prosthesis function and naturalness,
and greatly benefit amputees in daily tasks. Cover photograph by Jamani Caillet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"On the Cover: Some non-mammalian aquatic organisms have evolved unique intestinal
breathing mechanisms to survive extreme low-oxygen conditions. In this issue, Okabe
et al. (pp. 773–783) provide evidence of intestinal breathing in both rodents and
pigs by delivering oxygen intrarectally through a liquid ventilation-based system
termed EVA (enteral ventilation via anus). During hypoxia induced-respiratory failure,
EVA improved survival and systemic oxygen levels in preclinical models, thus opening
up the possibility of recruiting the distal gut as breathing organ in critical care
when mechanical ventilation is insufficient or in short supply. The cover art illustrates
a pig swimming in oxygenated liquid, conceptually depicting the EVA technology. Artwork
by Misaki Ouchida.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_7.txt,ave_3,2_7.txt,"On the Cover: Laboratory test results can be affected by idiosyncratic factors. In
this issue, using a large dataset of blood tests, Obermeyer and Pope (pp. 1314–1326)
show that ambient temperature on the day a patient’s blood is drawn can impact the
results of many core clinical assays, including renal function parameters, cellular
blood components, and lipids. In turn, these results affect medical decision making,
as the authors observe that doctors are less likely to prescribe statins to patients
whose lipid levels are tested on colder days. The cover represents fluctuations in
ambient temperature that can unexpectedly impact lab results.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"On the Cover: Neuroprosthetics combines the expertise of neuroscientists, engineers,
and computer scientists to restore sensory and motor functions; for example, building
bionic hands for individuals with amputations and brain-machine interfaces in patients
with traumatic lesions or neurological disorders. In this issue, Micera and colleagues
(Shokur et al., pp. 912–937) describe how to exploit the possibility to reuse and
recombine existing technologies to drive a new generation of more stable, precise,
and responsive neuroprostheses than can improve upper-limb perception and movement.
The cover compares the modular approach proposed by the authors to a set of simple
instructions to build an artificial arm. Cover image credit: Margot Herbelin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_5.png,C,"A Nian beast (proinflammatory PD-1+ T cells) wreaks havoc in the village (a metaphor for atherosclerosis, AS) on New Year's Eve. A man, dressed in red, ignites firecrackers (FcgR-binding anti-PD-1 mAb), preventing the Nian beast from causing trouble in the village (the shrinkage of AS plaques). See page 407–427 by Lin Fan et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_7.txt,sbert,34_7.txt,"The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an ""ancient"" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_9.txt,allv2,29_9.txt,"The image depicts the legendary Chinese weapon ‘FangTian Ji’, a formidable combination of a spearhead and two crescent blades. This symbolizes the powerful bacterial two-component anti-phage defense system DUF4297–HerA. DUF4297 and HerA cooperatively assemble to activate their respective nuclease and ATPase activities, effectively eliminating invading phages. See page 545–555 by Qiyin An et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,"The image depicts the Chinese legend ""The Magic Brush"" (""Shen Bi Ma Liang""). The towering mountain symbolizes the rugged protein fitness landscape, with reaching the summit representing the challenging tasks in protein engineering. Our proposed method, ProMEP, serves as the magic brush, sketching out a rapid path to the peak for biologists. The brush’s handle, adorned with dots, lines, and jewels, signifies the power of artificial intelligence technology driving this journey. See page 630–647 by Peng Cheng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.txt,ave_2,34_4.txt,test
ACS Infectious Diseases,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_2.png,D,"Cucurbit[7]uril (orange) was found to be a broad-spectrum extracellular antiviral, against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses (green), with a virucidal mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_3.txt,multiBv1,2022_3.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,sbert,2022_10.txt,Nontraditional antimicrobial strategies are emerging as powerful complements to traditional antibiotics. This work describes a metabolic labeling strategy that induces the recruitment of antibodies to bacterial cell surfaces.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_9.txt,allv2,2016_9.txt,ᴅ-[5-11C]-glutamine was investigated and shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for the targeted detection and treatment monitoring of biofilm-associated infections. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,test
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_4.png,D,"Vertebral variety
Mounted specimen of Edaphosaurus boanerges, a pelycosaur synapsid, from the collections at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Pelycosaurs are the most ancient forerunners of mammals; however, despite their bizarre sails, it is likely their backbones were relatively uniform in function, more similar to living lizards or salamanders than to mammals.
See Jones et al
Image: Katrina Jones, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_10.txt,sbert,4_10.txt,"All change
The isolated island continent of Australia has an exceptionally diverse lizard and snake fauna. However, this fauna is relatively young, and characterized by mass turnover and immigration following major climatic perturbations in the mid-Cenozoic.
See Oliver et al. 1, 1896-1902 (2017)
Image: Damien Esquerré. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_1.txt,ave_3,1_1.txt,"Armoured ankylosaur
The holotype specimen of the armoured dinosaur Spicomellus afer. Spicomellus (pictured here) is the earliest ankylosaur so far described and the first from Africa. The specimen comprises spikes directly fused to the animal’s ribs, a morphology unique to this species.
See Maidment et al.
Image credit: Jonathan Jackson, The Natural History Museum. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"Iron constitution
Photograph of Ganas the Komodo dragon, once housed at London Zoo. Analysis of Ganas’ teeth, along with those of other Komodo dragons in museum collections around the world, has revealed that these lizards have evolved protective iron coatings on the cutting edges and tips of their serrated teeth.
See LeBlanc et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Charlotte Ellis, Zoological Society of London. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_8.png,D,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,ave_3,23_12.txt,"Noncoding RNA therapeutics, inspired by the Perspective on p629.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_5.txt,ave_2,20_5.txt,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,allv2,23_7.txt,"RNAi-based drug design, inspired by the Review on p341.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_8.txt,groundtruth,23_8.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_4.png,C,"Rapid crystallization of precious metals
Mineralization of platinum-group elements in mafic intrusions occurs due to repeated self-intrusion of magma, according to strontium isotope heterogeneities preserved in the Rum layered intrusion, Scotland. The image shows a photomicrograph in cross-polarized light of a precious-metal-bearing layer from the intrusion. The brightly coloured crystals are olivine and the smaller black crystals are Cr-spinel.
See O’Driscoll et al.
Image: Luke Hepworth, formerly of Keele University and the University of Manchester, UK. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_8.txt,sbert,13_8.txt,"The processes that create economic-grade accumulations of metals above magma chambers are unclear. High-temperature laboratory experiments show that rapid reactions between magmatic gases and Earth's crust can trigger efficient metal deposition. The image shows the Grasberg Copper-Gold-Silver porphyry deposit in Papua, Indonesia, which contains reserves of well over 24 Mt of copper and 2,000 t of gold.
Letter p210; News &#38; Views p168
IMAGE: KURT FRIEHAUF
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_10.txt,ave_2,8_10.txt,"Electric gold nugget formation in quartz
Quartz emits a piezoelectric charge during deformation that may promote the formation of gold nuggets within veins in orogenic settings that experience earthquakes, according to a study using quartz deformation experiments and piezoelectric modelling. This image presents a false-coloured X-ray tomography reconstruction of gold in quartz from the Discovery orogenic gold deposit located northeast of Yellow Knife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
See Voisey et al.
Image: Chris Voisey, Monash University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_4.txt,groundtruth,17_4.txt,"During the Eocene epoch, profuse magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the Great Basin of western North America produced Earth's second largest concentration of gold in Nevada. An integration of mineral analyses, experimental data and age and isotope data suggests a magmatic source for these deposits. The image shows open pit mining operations at Gold Quarry mine, Nevada (image courtesy of Jeremy Richards).
Article p122; News & Views p73",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,test
BDJ In Practice,38_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/38_1.png,C,"In this issue...
July's BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into the state of the debate surrounding global oral health and sugar - have we been here before?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_6.txt,sbert,37_6.txt,"In this issue...
Welcome to the second equality, diversity and inclusion themed issue of BDJ In Practice.

Society is changing. Are we more tolerant and accepting than ever before, or have we gone the other way? In this issue we dive into dentistry and all things EDI
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_5.txt,multiBv1,37_5.txt,"In this issue...
BDJ In Practice is 10! To celebrate, we assess how far the regulator and regulation has come in that time - for better or for worse",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/38_1.txt,groundtruth,38_1.txt,"In this issue...
As the New Year is upon us, BDJ In Practice asks the BDA's England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland offices what they want to see in 2023 and beyond
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_12.txt,allv2,36_12.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_1.png,C,"A cell atlas of cystic fibrosis
Carraro and colleagues report results from a study by a multi-institute consortium in which single-cell transcriptomics was applied to compare the airway cell subtypes of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with those of previously healthy patients. The cover by Matthew Gangl, a scientist at the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, illustrates how single-cell transcriptomics shines a light on the tapestry of cellular subtypes in the airway and how CF lung disease alters the landscape. Collectively, this work aims to provide a framework for the development of therapies for CF.
See Carraro and colleagues
Image credit: Matthew Gangl. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,Large-scale visualization labs allow scientists to virtually walk through their data sets. A News Feature on page 228 explores how these immersive environments are advancing biomedicine. The cover shows a researcher looking at fiber tracts of the brain’s white matter that have been color-coded by their primary direction. Photo by Dyani Lewis.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"Human Cell Atlas
In this issue, multiple studies from the Human Cell Atlas report findings from human single-cell and spatial genomics datasets of vascular cells, healthy female breast tissues, placentas, and lung tissues from people with fatal COVID-19. The cover depicts these data projected onto a multifaceted lantern. The shapes and colors indicate the myriad cell states in the human body in different organs and tissues, and the diversity of the human population, with unfinished areas representing data still yet to be explored.
See Barnett et al., Bhat-Nakshatri et al., Ounadjela et al. and Nyirenda et al.
Image: Dinithi Sumanaweera, University of Cambridge, and Su Min Suh, SciStories. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_1.txt,groundtruth,30_1.txt,"Epigenomics and precision health
Epigenomics regulates gene expression and is as important as genomics in precision personal health, as it is heavily influenced by environment and lifestyle. In this issue of Nature Medicine, Michael Snyder and colleagues report that changes in different types of ‘omics’ data associate with different physiological aspects of a human volunteer studied over a period of 36 months: DNA methylation with chronic conditions and transcriptome with acute events.
See Snyder and colleagues
Image credit: Lin Xia (concept), Zhenran Li (designer), Zhirui Zhao (painter). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,train
Nature Protocols,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/20_1.png,D,"Wireless active optogenetic device with real-time stimulation control
The layered schematics of a wireless optogenetic device capable of full subdermal implantation over the skull with real-time control over optical modulation on neural activities. Application of such devices in live rodent models enables profound behavior studies that explore the underlying neural principles behind outcome behaviors.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yiyuan Yang and John A. Rogers, Northwestern University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_9.txt,multiBv1,17_9.txt,"Scalable genome editing in zebrafish with MIC-Drop
The cover shows a microinjection needle filled with hundreds of multiplexed intermixed CRISPR droplets (MIC-Drop). Each droplet contains the components needed to edit a different zebrafish gene, and one droplet is injected into each of the zebrafish embryos shown in the background. See Parvez et al.
Image: Jim Heron and Randall Peterson. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"E. coli on an LP: the power of CRISPR–Cas-mediated genome editing
This hand-colored scanning electron micrograph shows E. coli living on a phonograph record. These cells were engineered to express molecular components of the CRISPR–Cas system, enabling the cell to write a permanent record of the RNAs within the cell into its own genome, where it is safely stored. Scientists can retrieve the record and reveal the bacterium’s transcriptional history.
See Tanna et al.
Image: © 2018 M. Oeggerli, supported by Pathology, University Hospital Basel, C-CINA, Biozentrum, University Basel; F. Schmidt, M. Cherepkova and R. J. Platt, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_11.txt,sbert,15_11.txt,"A bioswitchable delivery system for miRNA therapeutics
This image illustrates a bioswitchable delivery system designed to achieve controlled loading and release of miRNA regulators. A ribonuclease H-sensitive sequence functions as the bioswitchable apparatus, enabling release of the miRNA regulator upon ribonuclease H binding (green). See Li et al.
Image: Yunfeng Lin and Songhang Li, Sichuan University. Cover design: S. Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_2.png,D,"Sex determination in mammals is accomplished through a highly conserved genetic pathway.
Although Sry is the crucial gene initiating male sex determination in most mammals,
how it regulates other genes in the sex-determination pathway is still unclear. On
pp. 19–29 of this issue, Ryohei Sekido and Robin Lovell-Badge discuss recent research
that sheds light on the roles of Sry, Sf1 and Sox9 and their interaction with other
genes that promote testis or ovary development. They also explore the common features
between sex determination in mammals and in other vertebrates that lack Sry. Cover
design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/25_12.txt,multiBv1,25_12.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_3.txt,allv2,41_3.txt,"Although sexual reproduction has evolved multiple times among eukaryotes, the steps
leading to the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes are thought to be shared
between organisms as diverse as animals, plants, and fungi. By studying species where
sexual reproduction has recently evolved, researchers are now able to connect the
genetic and developmental mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination with theoretical
work and studies at the population level. On pages 350–376 of this issue, a broad
panel of experts in the field review key questions regarding the emergence of gender
and sex chromosomes. Photo credit: ©iStockphoto.com/pkujiahe",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_4.txt,ave_2,27_4.txt,"The numerous alleles of the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene form
the basis of sex determination in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). In this issue, Jana Seiler
and Martin Beye review how different and identical csd alleles form a sex determination
signal and how this realizes sexual differentiation in downstream pathways. They also
discuss how mutation and selection have shaped the evolution and function of the
complementary sex determination system. Photograph by Christian Verhoeven.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,val
Nature Aging,4_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_11.png,C,"Stochasticity in epigenetic clocks
In this issue, three studies examine the contribution of stochastic epigenetic changes to DNA methylation clocks. Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. and Tong et al. take different approaches to addressing this question, and concur that stochasticity is involved in epigenetic aging. The cover, from Meyer et al., shows a Galton board, which is a device used to illustrate concepts of probability and stochasticity. At the top, a series of small balls are released, which follow a random path before landing in bins at the bottom. Over many trials, this stochastic process leads to the formation of a normal distributed shape. A clock is depicted within this shape to illustrate that a completely stochastic process can be used to construct aging clocks, consistent with a role of age-dependent increases in stochastic variation in epigenetic processes.
See Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. & Tong et al.
Image: Maayan Visuals. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_7.txt,allv2,4_7.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,"Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks
In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging.
See Ying et al.
Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt,groundtruth,4_11.txt,"Universal mammalian clocks
In this issue, Lu, Fei, Raj, Horvath and the Mammalian Methylation Consortium report the development of pan-mammalian epigenetic clocks that accurately track chronological age in 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. The cover image depicts the high correlations between predicted and actual age (purple and red lines), on top of a circle plot in which each sector represents an individual species, irrespective of differences in species maximum lifespans (dashed line).
See Lu et al.
Image: Ake Lu and Steve Horvath; Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.png,B,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"This study establishes CRISPO, an efficient tool for multicopy integration and pathway optimization in Pichia pastoris. By combining rDNA integration and fluorescence screening, CRISPO facilitates the construction of a yeast cell factory capable of producing geraniol at the highest titer and productivity ever reported.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.png,D,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.txt,ave_3,21_1.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,allv2,20_8.txt,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,ave_2,21_2.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.png,D,The dyeing of uric acid crystals by heteroatom-substituted rhodamines has revealed their robust and specific interactions. Sensitively tracking the stained uric acid crystals during their interaction with the living cells offers extensive information about their pathological processes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_1.txt,sbert,2024_1.txt,"Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene was co-crystallized with Zn2+ and two model proteins having distinct structural/chemical properties. The cover image shows a framework obtained with cytochrome c. Thiacalixarene binds to the protein by lysine encapsulation and supports a pentanuclear Zn cluster that binds other proteins. Thus, Crowley and co-workers demonstrate that thiacalixarene enables macrocycle- and metal-mediated protein assembly.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2022_8.txt,ave_2,2022_8.txt,"Detection mechanism diagram of Na3GaF6:Ho3+,Yb3+@SiO2 based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer principle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,The pyrene-appended Fe(III) complex detects L-arginine compared to other amino acids via TURN-ON fluorescence through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process. This graphic was created using Freepik’s AI Tool.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_7.png,D,"New CRISPR tools, inspired by the Review on p505.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_5.txt,allv2,19_5.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.txt,multiBv1,22_1.txt,"Branched-chain amino acids, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_11.txt,sbert,20_11.txt,"RNA-binding proteins: the beat goes on, inspired by the Review on p361.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_7.txt,groundtruth,21_7.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_9.png,B,"The cover shows an artist’s impression of the molecular machinery involved in synthase
dependent exopolysaccharide production in Gram-negative bacteria. Recent biochemical
and structural biological advances in the field have allowed Whitney and Howell, on
pages 63–72, to identify the key conserved components of this pathway. These consist
of an inner membrane embedded polysaccharide synthase that is not only responsible
for the polymerization but also the export of the polysaccharide across the inner
membrane (blue), a periplasmic scaffold protein with multiple copies of the tetratricopeptide
protein–protein interaction motif (light pink), and an outer membrane porin through
which the polymer is exported (pink donut) The biosynthesis of these polymers also
appears to be regulated by the binding of the bacterial second messenger, c-di-GMP,
to a receptor protein (light purple/light blue). The small hexagon polymers represent
the exopolysaccharides that are produced and which comprise the biofilm matrix. Figure
courtesy of Lynne Howell and Luke Itani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_11.txt,sbert,21_11.txt,"Most bacteria are encased by a mesh-like biopolymer called peptidoglycan
(PG) that protects them against turgor and from harsh environmental conditions. It
is made
up of several glycan polymers crosslinked to each other through short peptides and
forms
a net-like structure around the plasma membrane. The cover image is an artist’s impression
of the multi-layered cell envelope of the diderm model bacterium, Escherichia coli. The PG
is visible as a highly crosslinked mesh (in white) encircling the plasma membrane.
Several
classes of crosslink-specific PG endopeptidases (depicted in deep blue) that contribute
to
the dynamic remodelling of the PG sacculus during bacterial growth have been recently
discovered. In their Review in this issue, Rajguru et al. discuss the fundamental roles
of crosslink specific endopeptidases and their regulation across the bacterial genera.
Image courtesy: Harsh Kapoor",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,"The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria must provide passage for secreted proteins
or macromolecules by forming pores while maintaining its overall integrity. On pages
40–48, Karuppiah et al. discuss this matter with a focus on recent structural studies
of different Gram-negative outer membrane translocons. To illustrate the concept of
controlled passage, a photo of a lock system in the Riddeau Canal waterway in Ottawa,
Canada is shown on the cover. Cover image printed with permission from J. Aversa/Flickr/Getty
Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,"The roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in mediating bacterial cell growth have long
been appreciated. Recently, work in a diverse set of bacteria has revealed that peptidoglycan
hydrolases also contribute to an array of other biological processes as discussed
by Wyckoff et al. on pages 540?547. The cover art depicts some of these. The two cells
in the upper right-hand corner demonstrate lysis of a competing Gram-negative bacterium
by type VI secretion system-mediated translocation of a peptidoglycan hydrolase. As
shown in the center, the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (in red) uses
two hydrolases to remodel prey cell peptidoglycan and establish its replicative niche
in Gram-negative cells such as Escherichia coli. Cells of the human stomach pathogen
Helicobacter pylori are shown at the bottom of the image. H. pylori cell shape is
important for stomach colonization. The three cells on the left have abnormal cell
shapes resulting from the loss of a peptidoglycan hydrolase; the two cells on the
right are wild-type H. pylori. Image courtesy Jennifer Taylor",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.png,B,"Stress and cardiovascular disease, inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,"Cardiac health and disease in Latin America and Africa, inspired by the Review on p849.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p809.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_1.txt,sbert,18_1.txt,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_9.png,A,"A multishell nanoparticle comprised of an ultrabright perovskite core and a nitric oxide sensitive orange-fluorescent emitting dye facilitating real-time imaging and ratiometric biosensing, especially in deep tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Artistic view of the polarization dependence of the nonlinear photoluminescence emitted by a thin ITO layer patterned by a Ga-focused ion beam.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_12.txt,sbert,2023_12.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_3.png,A,"Rubisco as a pyruvate source
The Arabidopsis cue1-1 mutant lacks the main phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) translocator and consequently displays a reticulated phenotype due to a deficiency in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. It was instrumental in demonstrating that chloroplast terpenoid biosynthesis obtains its pyruvate from rubisco rather than PEP import.
See Evans, S. E. et al.
Image: Michael A. Phillips, University of Toronto – Mississauga, Canada.Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_3.txt,groundtruth,10_3.txt,"Wall building with rhamnosyltransferase
The enzyme RRT1 is involved in the biosynthesis of rhamnogalacturonan I, one of the major domains of pectin, and belongs to a newly defined glycosyltransferase family. Plants such as Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) are rich in rhamnogalacturonan I.
See Takenaka, Y. et al.
Image: Yamahara, K. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_4.txt,ave_2,4_4.txt,"Tuning up photosynthesis with red Rubisco
Rubisco from the red algae Griffithsia monilis has substantially greater catalytic activity than the version found in vascular plants but cannot be successfully expressed in them. Grafting a small number of regions from GmRubisco into the enzyme from Rhodobacter sphaeroides preserves the greater carbon-fixing activity while also allowing expression of the chimeric protein in plants.
See Zhou et al.
Image: Courtney Winning, Australian National University. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_7.txt,allv2,9_7.txt,"Packaging up pyrenoids
Around one-third of global CO2 fixation occurs in an algal organelle called the pyrenoid, assembled from the enzyme Rubisco and the intrinsically disordered protein EPYC1. The combination of the structured enzyme and flexible linker gives the organelle liquid-like properties.
See He, S. et al.
Image: Dr Shan He, Princeton University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_1.txt,ave_3,6_1.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.png,C,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,ave_3,2022_6.txt,The Dallol volcano and its fascinating poly-extreme hydrothermal field are conspicuous features of salt vulcanism driven by dehydration and hydrolysis of highly hydrated minerals interlayered in the 2 km thick evaporitic sequence deposited after the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) was recurrently flooded by the Red Sea. Photograph by Fermin Otálora.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,"Nitrate salts are found in both the hyper-arid Atacama Desert in Chile and the Martian regolith. Fernanders et al. measure nitrate salt deliquescence and apply the data to sites in the Atacama, one pictured here, as well as to Gale Crater, Mars. Photo by Diana Boy. Mars image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The stark and wild Tablelands of Newfoundland, Canada. The environmental conditions present at the Tablelands have produced minerals and materials similar to those found on Mars. The barren yet beautiful landscape is likewise potentially reflective of early Martian conditions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_6.png,D,"A 3Rs approach for the generation of genetically modified rodents
Generating genetically modified rodents for research projects requires a large number of animals and involves procedures that can cause distress and pain to the animals. In a new Review, Zevnik, Jerchow and Buch provide key recommendations for implementing the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) in all steps and procedures for the generation of genetically modified rodents.
See Zevnik et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_6.txt,multiBv1,51_6.txt,"Working better together
In the clinic, an effective teamwork can positively affect patient safety and outcome. Similarly, fostering collaboration in animal research may advance animal welfare and enhance research quality. In a new comment this month, Ober, Ho et al. provide key recommendations to promote collaboration between clinician-scientists and veterinary specialists in translational sciences, based on the group’s own experience when relocating to a new academic institution.
See Ober et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_8.txt,ave_3,51_8.txt,"To overcome challenges such as the rift that has opened up between basic and clinical research, the scientific community first needs to understand the root of these issues. In a new article, Walker. et al. queried the opinion of US biomedical researchers on issues of reproducibility, rigor and attrition rates in drug development. While most researchers agree that there are problems in each of these areas, responses point to differences in researchers’ perspectives within the animal research community. Notably, researchers provide diverse explanations for the high attrition rates observed in drug development.
See Article, Walker
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_11.txt,allv2,51_11.txt,"3Rs around the world
The past decades have seen an increase in the interest for the 3Rs – the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement in preclinical research. Several 3R centers and platforms have been established worldwide to promote the 3Rs by sharing scientific evidence, resources and training. However, many challenges remain.
See Harrison
Cover image: PCH-Vector/Getty, Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_6.txt,groundtruth,53_6.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_12.png,D,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy.  Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope.  The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_12.txt,allv2,2021_12.txt,"Catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (CHP) is a widely used in situ chemical oxidation technology for groundwater remediation. The role of dissolved silicate on CHP processes in aquifers is redefined: dissolved silicate enhances the degradation of organic contaminants in a CHP process involving Fe(II)-bearing minerals, which is contrary to the previous observation that dissolved silicate decreased the reactivity of Fe(III)-bearing minerals toward H2O2.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_3.txt,ave_2,2023_3.txt,The removal of iodinated contrast medium (ICM) in wastewater originating from hospitals is of concern. A synchronous reduction–oxidation removal of ICM by adopting S-nZVI/Fe2+ under aerobic conditions was proposed in this study.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,"A household sand filter is used in Vietnam for the removal of iron, manganese, and arsenic from groundwater.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,test
Med,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_5.png,D,"On the Cover: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Current regenerative medicine approaches face a number of shortcomings, limiting their
applicability in the clinic. Advances in biomaterials and stem cell bioengineering
could lead to new therapeutic approaches to recover cardiac function. In this issue,
Mei et al. (pp. 1253–1268) develop an origami-inspired heart pouch for repeated administration
of therapeutics which can be implanted into the pericardial cavity through minimally
invasive surgery. The authors demonstrate its safety and therapeutic potential to
deliver paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cell after myocardial infarction in
pigs and rats. Cover credit: Maryna Skazochkina/iStock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,sbert,4_8.txt,"On the Cover: Fibroblasts support tissue re-organization and immunoregulation in inflammatory
diseases. This month, Korsunsky et al. describe a single-cell atlas of human fibroblasts
from four diseases, defining two functionally distinct inflammatory fibroblast phenotypes
shared across diseases and confirming their presence in independent datasets (pp.
481–518). The recurring motifs of the mosaic on the cover are a visual representation
of the common inflammatory signatures that fibroblasts exhibit across different organs
and disease states. Cover credit: Chris Griffiths/Moment via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_6.txt,ave_3,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Xenotransplantation of engineered organs and tissues from different
species offers a promising solution to the major global challenge of finding suitable
donor organs for transplants. Results from early pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant
trials are encouraging, but the interactions between xenotransplanted organs and the
recipient require further characterization. In this issue of Med, Pan et al. apply single-cell sequencing to map the dynamics of xenograft-recipient interactions.
While they observe early signs of antibody-mediated rejection, the porcine kidney
shows evidence of rapid tissue repair after transplantation. These insights can be
used to design new engineered porcine models to optimize patient outcomes after xenotransplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_4.png,D,"The bottom-up assembly of an artificial cell would enable the study of minimal systems. Membranes — formed by the self-assembly of lipids — are considered an essential cellular subsystem. The synthesis of these membranes is thus an essential step in understanding the transition from non-living chemistry to biology. See Podolsky et al.
Image: Kira A. Podolsky & Neal K. Devaraj, University of California. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/5_3.txt,ave_2,5_3.txt,"How life arose on Earth starting from simple chemicals remains an open question — one to which we may never have a definitive answer. A shift from simple building blocks to systems that display the essential characteristics of life — confinement, metabolism, and replication — would have been necessary, ultimately coming together in conditions that are far-from-equilibrium. For a discussion of this transition, see Singh et al.
Image: Dibyendu Das; Cover design: Susanne Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_3.txt,allv2,8_3.txt,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,ave_3,7_3.txt,"The question of how life began has intrigued people for many years. While we may never know the answer, several research avenues exist – each with their own theories and starting conditions. Common grounds between different theories do exist, such as the need for membranes forming compartment used to contain and protect the crucial ingredients of life. How these compartments were formed is also heavily debated. It is possible that simple amphiphiles — synthesised in dense molecular clouds of the interstellar medium — were deposited on early Earth via meteors and comets before eventually self-assembling into membranes and the phospholipid bilayers as we know them today. See Bocková et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_11.png,B,"The propensities and health implications of coronavirus adhering onto and releasing from representative indoor contact surfaces, including plastic, glass, stainless steel, and wood, in simulated human body fluids are studied using quartz crystal microbalance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,sbert,2025_1.txt,"Electronic cigarettes are popular, especially among youth. There is an increasing number of electronic cigarette devices on the market; however, no studies have elucidated the differences in their toxic potential. Xia et al. identified the differences between two popular devices for inducing lung toxicity in vitro and in vivo.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_11.png,D,Nanovaccine targeted liposomal platform anchoring to the DC to deliver its cargo. DC activation triggers the immune response polarization and lymphocyte effector activity (CD4+ cytokine release and CD8+ CTL response).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2021_6.txt,multiBv1,2021_6.txt,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,"Münter et al. present a novel microscopy-based methodology, allowing for measuring binding of proteins to authentic LNPs with single-particle resolution. This is used to study the content of anti-LNP antibodies in human blood plasma before and after vaccination against COVID-19 with mRNA vaccines.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"More is not always better, and finding the balance is crucial. Van Weijsten and Venrooij et al. showed that the orientation and valency of a synthetic autoantigen mimic has a great effect on the binding properties to cell-bound receptors and the competing free-floating antibodies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,test
Biomacromolecules,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_5.png,D,"Potency of self-assembled antimicrobial peptides against biofilms. Image courtesy of Carla Langella, Gabriele Pontillo, Roberta Angari and Stefania Galdiero.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_10.txt,ave_2,2019_10.txt,"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring macromolecules made of amino acids that are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, the authors aim to summarize the fundamental principles that guide the design of polymeric analogues of AMPs. This review particularly focuses on polypeptide polymers that provide one of the best biomimetic and bioactive polymeric structures in infectology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_4.txt,allv2,2020_4.txt,"Bioadhesive injectable hydrogel can deliver antibiotic locally by adhering at the target site. The gel can release vancomycin over an extended period of time via reversible chemical bonds. Being inherently antibacterial, it can kill bacteria more efficiently upon contact as well as by releasing antibiotic. The gel can also inactivate bacteria far from the site due to the gradual release of antibiotic into the surroundings, making it a potential device for local antibacterial therapy. Image courtesy of Jayanta Haldar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_11.txt,sbert,2018_11.txt,"The misuse of antibiotics has already contributed to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. To address antibiotic-resistance issues and explore the combination rules, synergic strategies involving AMP-mimetic antimicrobial polymers, including various combinations with commercially available antimicrobials, organic small molecule photosensitizers, inorganic nanomaterials, and nitric oxide, have been proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_5.png,B,"The cover image shows an experimental setup which can be viewed as a bacterial ‘model’
of primary tumor–metastases interplay. Shown is an example of colony development of
a primary colony and four daughter colonies of the Paenibacillus dendritiformis pattern-forming social bacterium. Color shades indicate cell density, red for low
and yellow/white for high. After inoculation at the center of the colony, cells replicate
and organize establishing a ‘mother colony’. Then cells with different epigenetic
traits start to leave the center region and form expanding branches. The four daughter
colonies are grown from cells transferred by toothpick inoculation from the edge of
the mother colony (from the four white dots at the yellow edge). Comparison of the
shapes of the colonies to that of four daughter colonies grown on another Petri dish
in the absence of the primary colony indicates an ongoing interplay (likely mediated
by chemical signaling) between the primary colony and its daughter colonies. This
experiment represents a bacterial analogue to multi-location xenografts in cancer
for studying primary tumor–metastases interplay and this and other lessons that can
be learnt from bacteria about cancer are discussed by Ben-Jacob et al. on pages 403–410. Cover image courtesy Eshel Ben-Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"The study of the microbiota residing in various tumors (represented in the
cover schematic as planets) has fast become an integral part of oncological research.
However, the low microbial biomass of intratumoral microbiota poses significant
challenges for functional characterization. In this issue, Lu and colleagues propose
a methodological framework integrating multi-modal approaches for intratumoral
microbiota research. These include 16S rRNA gene sequencing (and decontamination
pipelines), single-cell sequencing and culturomics, among others. Image courtesy:
Dr. Liu",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"In this issue on broad concepts in microbiology we celebrate the 25th anniversary
of Trends in Microbiology and explore the concepts that have grown through the history of the journal and the
emerging areas within these topics. On pages 376–385, Ariel Amir and Nathalie Balaban
review recently invoked methods which rely on the statistics of cell size and cell
cycle durations to gain insights into the regulation of and control over biological
processes within cells, through the combination of single-cell level measurements
and quantitative stochastic models. The cover image shows an artist's depiction of
a variable microbial cell population. Cover image from Equinox Graphics.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/26_9.txt,sbert,26_9.txt,"Natural microbial communities are ubiquitous, complex, heterogeneous and dynamic.
In their Opinion article on pages 325–333, Muller et al. argue that the future standard for their study will require systematic omic measurements
of spatially and temporally resolved unique samples (e.g. the microbial community
floating in a wastewater treatment plant tank photographed here on a foggy day). The
resulting datasets, mapped here in a genome-centric matter will allow the identification
of associations between specific biomolecules. This will lead, in particular, to the
generation of solid hypotheses about the role or causal relationships of proteins
of unknown function and, thereby, will facilitate the discovery of previously unknown
traits of specific microbial community members. Image courtesy Emilie Muller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_7.png,C,"Trait-based approaches to understanding ecosystem processes involving plants have
tended to focus on aboveground traits. On pp. 692–699 of this issue, Richard Bardgett,
Liesje Mommer, and Franciska De Vries move the focus to root traits and synthesise
emerging evidence for the importance of the belowground parts of plants in ecosystem
processes and responses to climate change. (Background image from an original painting
by Jill Colquhoun Bardgett.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/29_1.txt,allv2,29_1.txt,"Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in
heterogeneous environments, as shown on the cover. There is a bi-dimensionality in
root traits, the root economics spectrum, and an orthogonal dimension describing how
nutrients are obtained. On pages 78−88, Yue Zhang, Deliang Kong and colleagues
propose that this bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots,
the
allometric relationship of root anatomical structures, and the independence between
root cell wall thickness and cell number. Cover credit: Beijing MyScimage Multimedia
Technology Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_12.txt,ave_2,39_12.txt,"Plants are modular organisms built by three key processes: growth,
branching, and duplication of branching systems. Plant architectural traits reflect
key
functional responses to abiotic and biotic conditions. On pages 524–536, Marilyne
Laurans and colleagues argue that plant architecture can offer a dynamic view of the
whole-plant phenotype and a framework for characterizing integrated plant phenotype
and structuring plant trait networks. The cover shows a developing shoot of wild cherry,
Prunus avium. Photo credit: Patrick Heuret.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_7.txt,groundtruth,39_7.txt,"Matthias Schleuning and colleagues (pp 319—328) present a trait-based framework that
can be used to predict the impacts of climate change on interacting plants and animals.
They illustrate that the identification of functional traits and their integration
into biodiversity models is key for assessing how plant-animal interactions may change
in the future; pictured here is the Eastern tiger swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) pollinating flowers of the azure blue sage (Salvia azurea). Photo: Eike Lena Neuschulz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/35_9.txt,ave_3,35_9.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.png,C,"The process of cultivating meat begins with a small muscle biopsy sample from a live
animal under anesthesia. The muscle cells are expanded in a bioreactor and then are
matured or differentiated into myotubes which are further grown into muscle fibers.
These muscle fibers can then be assembled into a slice of meat. In pages 573–577 of
this issue, Choudhury and colleagues discuss the growing market for cultured meat
along with some challenges and opportunities for how to commercialize it. Cover image
designed by Deepak Choudhury and created by BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/38_9.txt,allv2,38_9.txt,"In food biotechnology the ‘flavor phenotype’ is considered an extremely important
property when developing yeast screening methods. Grape and wine microbiology research
has contributed significantly to our understanding of how native flora can increase
flavor complexity and the final sensory quality of wines. In pages 148–154 of this
issue, Carrau and colleagues discuss opportunities for improving the aroma and flavor
of fermented beverages by harnessing the wide natural diversity of yeasts. Cover images
from Francisco Carrau and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_10.txt,multiBv1,33_10.txt,"Even though cultivated meat has been approved for sale and consumption
in multiple countries, its consumer appeal remains low, in part because of poor perceptions
of palatability. In pages 1112–1127 of this issue, Lambert and colleagues discuss
scientific
and engineering approaches to improving palatability in cultivated meat. The cover
image
was inspired by the bright watercolor qualities of vintage food advertisements, displaying
the delicious appeal and palatability of this cell/ham hybrid which any housewife
would want
to serve on her table. Cover image from Marissa Sirois, VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"Recent advances in genomic analysis and bioengineering of plants will be crucial in
agriculture to maintain future food security under fluctuating environmental conditions,
as well as for harnessing plants to produce novel bio-based materials. In pages 337–342
of this issue, Moshelion and Altman discuss the impact of new molecular tools, screening
technologies, and economic evaluation on various aspects of plant biotechnology. Cover
art from Arie Altman and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_7.txt,ave_3,33_7.txt,train
Lab Animal,54_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/54_2.png,A,"Dietary effects across mouse life stages
Differences in standard chow diets can influence mouse model phenotypes and impact experimental reproducibility. In a new Article, Knuth et al. measured the phenotypic effects of exposing mice to commonly used standard chows during different life stages. Their findings demonstrate that the timing of diet exposure can also affect phenotypic outcomes.
See Knuth et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_2.txt,groundtruth,54_2.txt,"C57BL/6: the same, but different
The C57BL/6 mouse has long been a popular choice in preclinical research. But ‘Black 6’ mice are not all the same–substrains maintained by different mouse providers have subtle genetics differences, the result of genetic drift over time as populations are bred in isolation. Those differences between substrains of C57BL/6 mice can have important implications for research outcomes that are increasingly being recognized and systematically evaluated.
See Johanna Åhlgren and Vootele Voikar
Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_6.txt,allv2,48_6.txt,"Effect of housing temperature on gut motility
A growing body of evidence suggests that housing mice at 22°C induces chronic cold stress in the animals. In a new Article, Han et al. show that mice raised at 22°C display faster gut transit than mice raised at 30°C, due to increased stress signals. These results further highlight the influence of environmental factors on mouse biology, which can affect experimental reproducibility.
See Monack et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_7.txt,multiBv1,53_7.txt,"Refining the housing and husbandry of laboratory rats
Housing and husbandry conditions are known to affect animal welfare and research outcomes. In a new article, Neville et al. conducted a mapping review of refinements to laboratory rat housing and husbandry, and identified specific interventions that are likely to generate welfare improvements.
See Neville et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_10.txt,ave_1,52_10.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_2.png,B,"On the Cover: The cover image presents an artistic view of how the ginger-derived exosome-like
nanoparticles (GELNs, yellow) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 (cyan)-mediated lung inflammation.
SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory
disease. In this issue, Teng et al. (2424–2440) demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-infected
lung epithelia cells cross-talk with macrophages via lung epithelial exosomes carrying
the non-structural viral protein (Nsp12) and structural protein (Spike), leading to
lung inflammation. GELNs inhibit lung inflammation and viral replication by directly
targeting viral RNA with GELN small RNA. Image credit: Yun Teng and Fangyi Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_6.txt,sbert,29_6.txt,"On the cover:Xi et al. demonstrated that intratracheal adeno-associated viral (AAV, green) delivery of a
CasRx-based RNA editing tool induces regeneration of alveolar type II cells (red)
and antagonism of lung fibrosis. Image credit: Shengxi Shen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the cover: Bradbury et al. aimed to achieve astrocytic targeting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for
the treatment of vanishing white matter disease. The image displays a sagittal brain
section from a wild-type mouse after intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV9-GFAP-eGFP.
Neurons (NeuN; red), astrocytes (GFAP; magenta), and the reporter protein (eGFP; green)
are immunofluorescently labeled, demonstrating widespread distribution and astrocytic
targeting through colocalization of eGFP with GFAP (white). Image credit: Sergiy Chornyy,
PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_7.txt,multiBv1,32_7.txt,"On the Cover: Schematic representation of the different approaches to improve AAV vectors for gene
therapy. Pupo et al. review this topic with a focus on AAV capsid selection and engineering,
strategies to overcome anti-AAV immune response, and vector genome design and end
with a glimpse at vector production methods and the current state of rAAV at the clinical
level (see Pupo et al., 3515–3541). Image courtesy of R. Jude Samulski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.png,A,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,groundtruth,1_2.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_1.png,A,"Amino acid metabolism, inspired by the Review on p771.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Food as medicine, inspired by the Review on p153.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_10.txt,ave_2,17_10.txt,"Drug repurposing, inspired by the Review on p707.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.txt,ave_3,20_2.txt,"Endothelial cell metabolism, inspired by the Review on p441.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_6.txt,allv2,17_6.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_2.png,B,"A significant fraction of the anthropogenic nitrogen input into the coastal oceans from fertilizers is transferred back to land by commercial fisheries. This fraction has decreased over the past few decades, because fertiliser loads have increased at a faster rate than harvests from fisheries. The photo was taken on the beach at St Louis in Senegal where women were drying and smoking fish. (Image credit: Kieran Kelleher/Marine Photobank.)
Cover design by Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/1_11.txt,multiBv1,1_11.txt,"Ocean eddy hotspots of nitrogen fixation
: Nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs near the edges of North Atlantic eddies is a key component of the North Atlantic marine nitrogen cycle, according to an analysis of genetic and past eddy activity data. The satellite image, taken on 9 March 2016, shows the Gulf Stream moving across a turbulent North Atlantic Ocean where turbulence is made visible by pigmented phytoplankton.
See Hoerstmann et al.
Image: NASA Ocean Biology Distributed Active Archive Center (OB.DAAC). Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,"Freshwater release from melting polar ice could weaken the Atlantic overturning circulation. Eddy-resolving ocean simulations reveal that the freshening has not yet significantly affected meridional overturning, but an effect may emerge soon. The image shows a snapshot of ocean currents and sea ice in a high-resolution model of the North Atlantic Ocean, nested in a global ocean/sea-ice model.
Letter p523; News &#38; Views p479
IMAGE: E. BEHRENS/GEOMAR
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/9_6.txt,ave_3,9_6.txt,"Legacies of agricultural nitrogen
Mitigation efforts to curb agricultural nitrogen have been largely unsuccessful, but managing previously overlooked nitrogen legacies of landscapes could improve water quality. The image shows a late-summer phytoplankton bloom swirling in the Baltic Sea between the Swedish islands of Öland and Gotland. Such blooms have intensified in the last few decades. The image was taken in August 2020 using the Operation Land Imager instrument on Landsat 8.
See Basu et al.
Image: Dr. Joshua Stevens, NASA Earth Observatory. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/15_11.txt,allv2,15_11.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_10.png,C,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,multiBv1,2020_7.txt,"Chemists Celebrate Earth Day. In celebration of Earth Day on April 22, 2009, the American Chemical Society's theme is ""Air—The Sky's the Limit"". See articles throughout this issue on atmospheric chemistry, environmental chemistry, and green chemistry. The cover features the painting ""Cygnus Loop"" by Paige Pitt. This acrylic on canvas of a supernova explosion was modelled after a photo taken from the Hubble Space Telescope (NASA). The article by Lynn Diener (a science teacher) and Jordan Acker Anderson (an art teacher) discusses how they collaborated on an assignment to engage art students in a visual conversation about science.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2009_11.txt,sbert,2009_11.txt,"With resurgent lunar exploration and expansion of the commercial space sector, serious scholarship, planning, and resources have focused on extracting and using lunar materials to sustain activity in space. In ""Lunar Resource Harvesting and Manufacturing: Rich Content for the Chemistry Classroom"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01381), Joshua D. Kittle, Michael W. Duff, and John M. Engesser use this engaging, interdisciplinary, space-oriented topic to excite and inspire chemistry students, while reinforcing general chemistry concepts. (Image of moon courtesy of NASA. Image from NASA Moon Mineralogy Mapper showing water detected at high latitudes courtesy of ISRO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Brown Univ./USGS.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_10.txt,groundtruth,2021_10.txt,"Chemists Celebrate Earth Day is an ACS annual event that seeks to bring international focus to environmental topics, such as clean air, water, and energy, to illustrate the positive role chemistry plays in understanding and preserving the Earth. Environmental chemistry engages students of all levels in learning new chemistry concepts by relating chemistry to their daily lives as well as heightening awareness of environmental issues. In honor of Earth Day 2016, the April issue includes a variety of content that provides ideas and suggestions for bringing environmental chemistry to students on the topics of: water quality; climate science and greenhouse gases; atmospheric chemistry; sustainability, green chemistry, and environmental awareness; and energy storage technology. (Image of the Earth straddling the limb of the Moon taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera is used with permission: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_9.txt,allv2,2016_9.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_17.png,B,"The silsesquioxane/poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) hybrid makes it possible to add not only antithrombogenicity but also human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesiveness onto various surfaces such as polymers, ceramics, and metals using a physical coating method. This attractive polymer has great potential as a surface treatment material for blood-contacting devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2020_2.txt,multiBv1,2020_2.txt,"The image illustrates the impact of incorporating a polymer composed of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and tannic acid, symbolized by tangled coils, into water, resulting in a viscous liquid. The polymer molecule serves as the background, while the image has a green hue to reflect the color of tannic acid.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"A true drug-polymer comprised of 100% drug units was found to show enhanced biocidal activity, and the polymerization helped to achieve better physical property, which is friendly for suture-coating applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_5.png,C,"Astrocytes provide essential support for and modulate synaptic transmission between neurons. In this issue, Pannasch and colleagues show that non-channel functions of connexin 30, a gap-junction subunit, control the synaptic coverage of astroglial processes and regulate glutamate clearance, synaptic strength and memory function. The cover shows a three-dimensional model reconstructed from serial transmission electron microscopy images of a synaptic contact (red) on the dendritic spine (gray), closely surrounded by an astrocytic process (green).p 549",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_9.txt,ave_2,17_9.txt,"Glial cells contribute significantly to neuronal health and disease. Glia are implicated in the regulation of brain vasculature (and therefore ischemia and stroke) as well as myelination and repair, suggesting a role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this issue, we present six reviews and perspectives on the importance of glia in disease. The cover shows astrocytes in human parietal cortex, identified by GFAP labeling, courtesy of NancyAnn Oberheim and Takahiro Takano. (pp 1349-1394)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/10_2.txt,allv2,10_2.txt,"Special issue on glia
Communication between glial cells has a profound effect on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Huang et al. report that reactive astrocytes impose cell distancing in peri-plaque glial nets via the guidance receptor Plexin-B1, which affects microglial access and compaction of amyloid plaques. The cover art depicts a fishing net catching fish, which symbolizes glial nets surrounding amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease.
See Huang et al.
Image: Lily Armstrong-Davies, Mount Sinai Health Systems. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_5.txt,groundtruth,27_5.txt,"Tau in AD extracellular vesicles
Brain extracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to have a role in the clearance and spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the pathological tau species that are associated with EVs and how they contribute to clearance is unclear. Fowler, Behr and colleagues used electron cryo-tomography (cryo-ET) to image EVs from the brains of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, directly visualizing the unexpected membrane-tethering of short tau filaments within EVs. The cover image represents the release of EVs containing membrane-tethered tau filaments from a neuron by blending the cryo-ET data with Gustav Klimt’s symbolist style.
See Fowler and Behr et al.
Image: Shraddha Nayak, VisLab, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_2.txt,ave_3,28_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_2.png,A,"Endocrine and metabolic effects of heat stress, inspired by the Perspective on p673.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"The multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p701.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.txt,sbert,20_1.txt,"The January issue includes a Consensus Statement on how to define endocrine-disrupting chemicals, a Perspective on the implications of high protein intake and Reviews on the global rise of thyroid cancer and the crosstalk between adipocytes and immune cells.
Image: Dermal adipocyte staining in the skin of a 35-day-old ‘adipochaser’ mouse. Image supplied by Zhuzhen Zhang and Philipp Scherer, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/16_12.txt,ave_2,16_12.txt,"Exploring the association between stress and metabolic disease, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_12.txt,allv2,19_12.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_20.png,D,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,allv2,2019_1.txt,"Understanding CdTe thin-film growth is essential to enhancing its efficiency in optoelectronic and solar cell applications. Here, we investigated the growth dynamics of CdTe homoepitaxial films on Cd- and Te-terminated (111) surfaces at various temperatures using molecular dynamics and time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo simulations with a machine-learning force field. The background image is generated using the OpenAI DALL-E program.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,"The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_11.txt,ave_3,2015_11.txt,"The patterns on the conveyor belt on the cover represent the four ALD growth schemes mentioned in the text, namely, ""The one step ALD method for growing TMD films"", ""PE-ALD growth of TMD films"", ""ALD selective growth patterns"", and ""The two-step ALD method for growing TMD films"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,val
One Earth,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/8_1.png,A,"On the cover: Mangroves are crucial carbon sinks, yet these vital ecosystems are being
lost at an alarming rate. The primary driver of this decline is aquaculture, particularly
the conversion of mangrove forests into shrimp farms. In this month's issue, Yufeng
Jiang and colleagues show that 60% of China and Southeast Asia's lost mangroves can
be feasibly restored, with substantial ecological benefits. Cover image: Getty, Suriyapong
Thongsawang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"On the cover: National governments are gravitating towards a bioeconomy—a more sustainable
and low-carbon economic system based on renewable biomaterials—but the demands on
global biomass are already many, and while renewable, the planet’s biological resources
are not unlimited. Image: Felled trees at a factory in Bulgaria. Credit: Getty/LEREXIS.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_12.txt,ave_3,5_12.txt,"On the cover: The protection and replanting of mangroves as a nature-based solution
offer numerous co-benefits, including carbon sequestration, coastline stability and
defense, and food and livelihood security. Image: mangroves being replanted in a coastal
region of Thailand. Credit: Akarawut Lohacharoenvanich via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"On the cover: Blue foods and small-scale fisheries are vital for the resilience of
coastal communities, providing essential nutrition, economic stability, and cultural
identity. However, they face threats from overexploitation, climate change, and habitat
degradation. Inclusive governance of these resources is crucial for maintaining traditions
and ensuring economic and nutritional stability for current and future generations.
Image: Image Source, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_3.txt,ave_2,7_3.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_2.png,A,"Biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs
This issue highlights histopathological biomarkers for predicting the tumour accumulation of nanomedicines, the profiling of protein–protein interactions to predict the efficacy of inhibitors of acute myeloid leukaemia, the intravenous injection of oxygen via polymeric microbubbles for the treatment of hypoxaemia, the structural optimization of ionizable lipids in nanoparticles to improve their delivery activity and biodegradability, the radiation-induced reduction of platinum prodrugs, exosome-loaded degradable polymeric microcapsules for the treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, antibody-displaying extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy, the controlled formation of biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs, and how amine headgroups in ionizable lipids drive the immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles.
The cover illustrates a method for forming biomolecular condensates that serve as drug reservoirs within cancer cells.
See Liang et al.
Image: Zhen Gu, Hongjun Li and Tingxizi Liang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Therapeutic extracellular vesicles produced at scale
This issue highlights the use of deep learning to detect anaemia from retinal fundus images, the local delivery of newly identified vasodilators for reducing ureteral contractions, a biomaterial-based vaccine to treat acute myeloid leukaemia, the reduction of the therapeutic dose of silencing RNA via its integration into extracellular vesicles, cellular nanoporation for the large-scale production of functional mRNA-encapsulating exosomes, anionic nanoparticles that enhance the intestinal permeability of orally delivered proteins, base editing in a mouse model of tyrosinemia, the optimization of the delivery of base editors, and a comparison of compatibilities in protospacer adjacent motifs and of on-target and off-target activities of SpCas9 variants.
The cover illustrates the production, via cellular nanoporation, of large quantities of extracellular vesicles loaded with endogenously transcribed therapeutic mRNAs and targeting peptides.
See Yang, Z. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_12.txt,ave_2,4_12.txt,"Multimodal nanoparticles for cancer theranostics
This issue highlights the stabilization of a brain–computer interface via the alignment of neural activity, nanoprobes for cancer theranostics, the enhancement of the performance of nanomedicines via the forced clearance of erythrocytes, tumour-targeted nanoparticles for the combination of tumour-infarction therapy and chemotherapy, and tumour-cell-derived microvesicles for relieving biliary obstruction in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
The cover illustrates renally clearable gold–protein nanoparticles displaying multicolour fluorescence for use in the detection, resection and treatment of breast cancer in mice.
See Yang, J. et al.
Image: Roscoe Lamontagne, Roscoe Studio. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_6.txt,allv2,4_6.txt,"Barcoded DNA structures for the subcellular profiling of proteins
This issue highlights tumour-cell-derived microparticles as efficient drug-delivery carriers, the boosting of chemotherapy in colonic tumours via the phage-guided modulation of gut microbiota, the delivery of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to metastases in the central nervous system, the augmentation of canonical Wnt signalling to produce cell factories of therapeutically potent exosomes, integrated glass microelectrodes for in vivo brain electrophysiology, and barcoded DNA nanostructures for the profiling of subcellular protein distribution.
The cover illustrates tetrahedral DNA nanostructures that act as barcodes for the high-throughput multiplexed profiling of the subcellular expression and distribution of proteins in cells.
See Sundah et al.
Image: Zac Goh, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_4.txt,multiBv1,3_4.txt,test
Nature Water,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_12.png,A,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"Agricultural trade and its impacts across population groups
The nexus of water, agriculture, and trade has global implications on multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for the most vulnerable populations. The study by Weiyi Gu and colleagues finds striking trade-induced asymmetric water impacts across population groups. It thereby underscores that international agricultural trade eases water scarcity yet exacerbates inequity, disproportionately favouring more affluent populations. The authors urge future water and trade policies to strive for a better balance across multiple critical SDGs to achieve sustainable development for all.
See Gu et al.
Image: Weiyi Gu, Peking University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_9.txt,sbert,2_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_11.png,C,"‘Untying the knots’, inspired by the Review on p407.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_7.txt,ave_2,23_7.txt,"‘Alternative tunes’, inspired by the Review on p779
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_1.txt,multiBv1,23_1.txt,"‘Hair control’, inspired by the Review on p87
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,"‘Tails’, inspired by the Review on p93.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_11.txt,allv2,23_11.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_6.png,A,"Heterotypic interactions for condensate transition
Various neurodegenerative diseases typically involve amyloid formation, which can develop from condensates that include RNA-binding proteins; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not entirely clear. It is now evident that, depending on their RNA/protein stoichiometry, these condensates will proceed towards amyloid formation through distinct molecular pathways. The biomolecular condensate on the cover is shown with the texture of a section of its interface shown at a greater resolution to illustrate the droplets' aggregation transition.
See Morelli et al.
Image: Amanda Paganini. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_6.txt,groundtruth,16_6.txt,"Determining dynamics during amyloid assembly
Alzheimer's disease is linked to the self-assembly of Aß42 peptides into misfolded fibrillar aggregates. Now, a team led by Michele Vendruscolo, Sara Linse and Tuomas Knowles have obtained direct measurements of the dynamic self-assembly and disassembly of Aß42 peptide oligomers, as well as their subsequent conversion into amyloid fibrils. These findings show that although all mature amyloid fibrils must originate from oligomers, most Aß42 oligomers dissociate back to their monomeric precursors without forming new fibrils. The cover image depicts a schematic representation of the nucleation of peptide aggregates and the dynamics of peptide assembly and disassembly during the formation of an amyloid fibril.
See Michaels et al
IMAGE: Nicola De Mitri and Claudia Flandoli. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_8.txt,sbert,12_8.txt,"Membraneless organelles formed through the phase separation of disordered proteins are involved in a variety of cellular functions. However, our understanding of the requirements for forming analogous artificial multi-component structures is limited. A team led by Nick J. Carroll and Gabriel P. López has now outlined some of the design rules for forming diverse assemblies through the phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins within droplet microenvironments. The cover of this issue features a stylized image of a multi-layered coacervate, with each layer formed from a different protein phase.Article p509IMAGE: ELLA MARU STUDIOCOVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_7.txt,ave_3,9_7.txt,"Fibril formation promoted at the interface
The molecular process by which neurodegenerative disease-associated amyloid fibrils mature from protein condensates has so far been unknown. Now Arosio and colleagues uncover that fibril formation is promoted at the interface of condensates of the low-complexity domain of hRNPA1, a protein associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This liquid-to-solid transition is inhibited by coating the interface of the droplets with surfactant molecules. For proteins that follow such a molecular mechanism for fibril formation, the interface could prove to be a therapeutic target against aberrant protein aggregation. The cover depicts the low-complexity domain of hnRNPA1, condensates, and the start of fibril formation at a condensate’s interface.
See Linsenmeier et al.
Image: Amanda Paganini. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/15_3.txt,allv2,15_3.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_11.png,A,"On the cover: Zhou et al. report the results of a phase 3 trial that demonstrates the efficacy and safety of
serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced squamous
non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). The cover shows a collage of pathology slices
and lively colors that represent the complexity of the disease but also symbolize
how the results of this ASTRUM-004 study have invigorated research and innovation
in sqNSCLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"On the cover: The patient with lung cancer is surrounded by colored spheres representing
hubs in signaling networks in the proteomics approach in small cell lung cancer, identified
in this issue by Coles et al. (pp. 129–143). The hope is that these hubs, such as
PKA, will help clinicians treat the patient. Artwork, titled “The Inevitable Healing,”
is by artist Dylan Mortimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/38_6.txt,sbert,38_6.txt,"On the cover: A famous quote says, “No two leaves are alike.” In a similar vein, Hu
et al. find that lung cancer fibroblasts (different leaves) are functionally heterogeneous.
The authors establish a lung cancer fibroblast biobank (plants on shelves) from patient
biopsies. They identify three functionally distinct subtypes (plants I, II, and III)
that can protect cancer cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors via HGF-MET and FGF7-FGFR2
signaling (fertilizer bags). Thus, these fibroblast subtypes can guide the design
of more personalized treatment for lung cancer patients (trail map).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/39_2.txt,allv2,39_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows a mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) found in
a non‐small-cell lung cancer patient sample. Using transcriptomic analyses, Patil
et al. (page 289–300) identify the key drivers of clinical outcomes in the randomized
clinical trials of PD‐L1 blockade versus chemotherapy, and they find plasma cell signals
to be strongly associated with patient benefit and specifically with PD‐L1 blockade.
In this multiplex immunofluorescence image, tumor cells are displayed in blue (panCK+);
plasma cells, the product of a mature TLS, in orange (CD138+/panCK-); B cells in aqua
(CD20+); CD8+ T cells in yellow (CD3+/CD8+); and CD4+ T cells in green (CD3+/CD4+).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_10.txt,multiBv1,40_10.txt,val
Trends in Chemistry,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_4.png,A,"Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized display technology
in our daily devices by efficiently converting electrical energy into light, with
organic
LEDs (OLEDs) being the most ubiquitous. For chemists, the emitter molecules
themselves hold the most interest, with properties that can be readily fine-tuned
to
unlock a diverse range of vibrant colours. In their review, Fan, Yuan and co-workers
explore recent advances in narrow-bandwidth carbon-based emitters (CBEs) including
small molecules, polymers, and carbon dots, with a focus on the relationship between
molecular structure and optical properties. CBE-based LEDs could hold great potential
as an efficient and widely adopted display technology for next-generation wide-color-gamut
displays. Cover credit: GettyImages/Yuanyuan Yan",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"Upconversion nanoparticles that convert near-infrared excitation into shorter-wavelength
emissions hold promise for applications such as UV lasing, super-resolution imaging,
and neuron modulation. However, the insufficient emission intensity of most upconversion
systems has been a bottleneck that seriously constrains progress in utilizing this
unique process. To this end, developing more efficient upconversion composites and
structures has become frontier research in this field. On pages 427–439 of this issue,
Chen and Wang highlight emerging strategies for enhancing upconversion luminescence
based on heavy doping, thermal stimulation, and hybridization. The review covers several
novel classes of upconversion nanoparticles being developed to boost emission intensities
and bring to the forefront the strengths and weaknesses of these luminescent nanomaterials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/2_8.txt,ave_2,2_8.txt,"Inorganic persistent luminescence materials that emit self-sustained emissions after
the cessation of excitation offer exciting applications such as emergency signage,
safety indication, luminous paints, and electronic displays. Recently, the widespread
use of X-rays as the charging source for persistent luminescence has enabled extended
control over persistent emission properties and prompted a breakthrough in advanced
applications. On pages 726–738 of this issue, Suo, Zhang, and Wang review recent advances
in X-ray activated persistent luminescence (X-PersL) inorganic materials from the
perspective of performance optimization and application expansion. They summarize
the rationale behind these developments and the challenges to be tackled, simultaneously
highlighting future opportunities for X-PersL research. Image credit: Dr. Hao Suo
and the Wang Group (City University of Hong Kong).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_5.txt,multiBv1,4_5.txt,"Hybrid metal halides have attracted considerable attention as emerging luminescent
materials, and the complexity and diversity of organic ligands have great impact on
the structural dimensionality and resulting luminescent behavior. It is undoubtedly
important to understand the function of the organic ligands for designing novel luminescent
metal halides for emerging applications. On pages 1034–1044 of this review, Xia and
colleagues summarize the structural characteristics of different organic ligands in
hybrid metal halides, and specifi cally focus on the establishment of structure-property
relationships between organic ligand structures and luminescent properties in zero-dimensional
hybrid metal halides. Image credit: Zhiguo Xia and Kai Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.png,A,"2D semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted huge interest in extending Moore’s law beyond silicon. This account briefly reviews recent research advances and presents the authors’ own insights into the mechanisms of controllable growth, defect repairing and Ohmic contact of MoS2 as well as the standing challenges.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"A change of the metal catalyst in the physical state from the traditional solid to liquid brings about a qualitative change and improvement in the controllable fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) materials. The unique self-limited growth, self-assembly, and sliding transfer behaviors of 2D materials on liquid metals are fully exhibited. See article by Lei Fu and Mengqi Zeng (10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00293).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_2.txt,multiBv1,2018_2.txt,"Molecular devices are notoriously difficult to control. Studying the dynamics via molecular level odd–even effects in self-assembled monolayer junctions clarifies the failure modes, identifies self-repair mechanisms, and gives new insights into how to design molecular structure and length to optimize device performance. See Thompson and Nijhuis (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00256).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_3.txt,allv2,2016_3.txt,"The guest-responsive feature in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), arising from the myriad choice of building units, can be tapped for the function of energy-efficient chemical separation and for the selective sensing of environmentally toxic species. Recent advancements and design principles of MOFs for such applications are discussed in this Account. See article by Sujit Ghosh and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00151). Cover art by Aamod Desai and Partha Samanta.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2017_3.txt,sbert,2017_3.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"On the cover: There is a growing need to develop technologies that provide quantitative
information on the spatial location of RNAs and proteins on a single-cell level. In
this issue, Savulescu et al. present DypFISH, a versatile toolbox of analytical techniques
to interrogate single-molecule RNA FISH data in combination with protein immunolabeling.
The cover image represents the localization patterns of various RNAs and proteins,
generated by using the DypFISH technique and compacted into one representative micropatterned
cell resembling a kite. Cover image by Robyn Brackin, Advanced Medical Bioimaging,
Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Hall et al. introduce the MAP (migration analysis of peripheral immune cells) chip, a microfluidic
platform for live, single-cell profiling of immune cell migration in response to a
variety of stimuli. The cover image depicts tracking of human monocytes (multicolored)
navigating through the chemotactic maze microchannels in the MAP chip and is courtesy
of Alice Tsai and Mehdi Jorfi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,"On the cover: Current methods for blood flow imaging in deep issues in animal models
require multiple fluorescent tracer injections that can lead to animal stress and
alter the physiological relevance of findings. In this issue, Wang et al. develop
a virus-based method that enables labeling of blood plasma following a single intraperitoneal
or intravenous injection, providing a versatile and cost-effective method for investigating
vasculature function. The cover image depicts fluorescent proteins in the liver for
labeling blood circulation in mice. Cover credit: Antonis Asiminas, PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_3.txt,multiBv1,2_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_5.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p470.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_5.txt,sbert,19_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p459.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p403.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_6.txt,ave_2,19_6.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_10.png,D,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,"Microbubbles are ideal ultrasound contrast agents for many theranostic applications. This work describes a new design of polymer-shelled microbubbles dubbed as caged microbubbles to improve the control over their cavitation behaviors for potential applications in advanced imaging, drug delivery, and biosensing. The image artistically represents the stable nonlinear cavitation of a caged microbubble designed as potential acoustic reporters for pressure monitoring in pulmonary artery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_6.txt,multiBv1,2021_6.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,allv2,2020_12.txt,"We propose naturally occurring α-quartz crystals as an ideal platform for realizing negative refraction. Quartz forms contact twins sharing a common lattice plane between enantiomorphs with the same or opposite handedness, which can result in phonon surface arcs with open isofrequency contours at the interface between the two enantiomorphs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_7.png,D,"On the cover: When a female Anopheles mosquito bites a person infected with malaria parasites, the mosquito ingests gametocytes.
Gametocytes are the only parasite stage that can infect the mosquito, ensuring onward
transmission. Gametocytes express a protease called plasmepsin V, and its inhibition
with small molecules blocks protein export and gametocyte development, preventing
parasite transmission to mosquitoes. This validates plasmepsin V as an antimalarial
transmission-blocking drug target. Illustration by Drew Berry (Biomedical Animator,
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/29_2.txt,allv2,29_2.txt,"On the cover: Raulf et al. show that the C-type lectin receptor CLEC12A binds to hemozoin,
a crystalline waste product of the Plasmodium parasite. Hemozoin recognition by CLEC12A
enhances dendritic cell effector functions and subsequent CD8+ T cell cross-priming.
CLEC12A?/? mice are partially protected from experimental cerebral malaria. The image
is a partial painting (colored areas) of an electron micrograph of hemozoin. Artwork
by Marie-Kristin Raulf and electron micrograph by Jan Hegermann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/28_13.txt,ave_2,28_13.txt,"On the cover: The illustration shows a Drosophila fat body stained with Nile Red in order to visualize lipid droplets. DAPI staining
is shown in blue. The ability of an organism to respond to nutritional stress is critical
for its survival. Barrio et al. report that Dp53 is activated in the fat body upon
starvation through TOR and the miRNA machinery and that depletion of Dp53 under these
conditions accelerates the consumption of the main energy storages and compromises
organismal survival.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/8_5.txt,ave_3,8_5.txt,"On the cover: Aedes aegypti mosquitos that have fed on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
colored with food dyes. In this issue, Sakuma et al. identify fibrinopeptide A (FPA) as a meal-terminating signal that is produced in
the host's blood during coagulation and increases in the mosquito's body as blood
feeding proceeds. In the absence of FPA, mosquitoes will ingest greater volumes of
blood or ATP. Image credit: Chisako Sakuma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_7.txt,groundtruth,43_7.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_8.png,B,"Human induced pluripotent stem cells expressing NANOG, a marker of embryonic stem cells. Yamanaka and colleagues generate induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse and human adult fibroblasts without using the c-Myc oncogene (p 101).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/26_12.txt,multiBv1,26_12.txt,"Young human glial progenitors replace older counterparts
An illustration of transplanted human glial progenitor cells (red) killing resident human glia (pink) in the adult mouse brain. Vieira et al. show that transplanted young glial progenitors outcompete older or diseased glia, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and myelin diseases.
See Vieira et al.
Image: Nadia Alzoubi. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,A light micrograph showing the layered structure of the retina. da Cruz et al. transplant a patch of retinal pigment epithelium derived from human embryonic stem cells into the eyes of two individuals with age-related macular degeneration (p 328). Credit: Alvin Telser/Science Photo Library,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_9.txt,allv2,36_9.txt,"Scanning electron micrograph of murine neural stem and progenitor cells migrating in a polyglycolic acid biosynthetic scaffold in culture (image courtesy Erin Lavik and Robert Langer). On p. 1111, Snyder and colleagues apply neural stem cell—seeded scaffolds for brain repair.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/20_2.txt,sbert,20_2.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_8.png,B,"Pancreatic cancer spatial transcriptomics
The lethality and treatment-refractory nature of pancreatic cancer are largely mediated by collaborative interactions between cancer cells and other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells. By constructing a high-resolution molecular landscape of the multicellular subtypes and spatial communities that compose pancreatic cancer and the dynamic remodeling associated with cytotoxic selection pressure, additional therapeutic vulnerabilities are identified to augment precision oncology efforts in pancreatic cancer.
See Hwang et al.
Image: Hannah I. Hoffman and William L. Hwang. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_5.txt,multiBv1,54_5.txt,"Liver spatiotemporal transcriptomics
Two studies characterize spatiotemporal transcriptional dynamics during liver homeostasis, cholestatic injury and regeneration in mice.
See Wu et al. and Xu et al.
Image: Shijie Hao. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_8.txt,groundtruth,56_8.txt,"Liver regeneration
Transitional liver progenitor cells, which derive from biliary epithelial cells, differentiate into hepatocytes after serious liver damage. The cover illustrates this regenerative process, as new hepatocytes (green leaves) are formed and emerge via the biliary ducts.
See Pu et al.
Image: Bin Zhou and Wenjuan Pu. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_9.txt,allv2,55_9.txt,"Context-specific eQTLs
This figure is a graphical representation of transcriptional changes that occur in human CD4 T cells as they go through activation. The different colored dots depict individual T cells at different stages of activation that are circulating in the blood during an active immune response. Single-cell transcriptional profiling was used to capture how gene expression is regulated by common genetic variants during this crucial process of immune response.
See Soskic et al.
Image: Eddie Cano Gamez and Suzanne Hayes. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_7.txt,ave_2,54_7.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_16.png,A,"Heterogeneous nanocrystal formation with metals controlled by electrostatic force, ion enrichment, and interfacial energy through metal",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"Metal nanoparticle electrocatalysts display durability in highly corrosive environments by building their surfaces on top of ordered intermetallic seeds. Otherwise, dissolution is common. Cover art by Ella Marushchenko. See article by Sara Skrabalak and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00655). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2021_17.txt,sbert,2021_17.txt,"Developing state-of-the-art colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, characterized by exceptional optoelectronic properties and precise processability, hinges on acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the nanocrystals' surface characteristics. The significance of unraveling the chemistry governing the facets in nanocrystals to reach the pinnacle of property design can be likened to the actor's compelling stage presence when the curtain lifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"Top-down view of the vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism forming nanoscale crystals with embedded heterogeneity. Several subprocesses are illustrated, some only recently discovered, that must be precisely choreographed to produce the desired structures. See article by Ek and Filler, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00392. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_12.txt,multiBv1,2018_12.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,50_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.png,A,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_2.txt,groundtruth,50_2.txt,"Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) protect the proteome against
deleterious effects of protein unfolding, catching non-native proteins before they
aggregate and precipitate. On pages 1063–1078 in this issue, Johannes Buchner
and colleagues describe the structural and functional principles of sHsp oligomers
and what makes them versatile and adaptive for trapping a large range of non-native
proteins. Cover art, colors inspired by “The Catcher in the Rye”, by Carsten Peters.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_1.txt,ave_2,49_1.txt,"Protein synthesis, also called translation, is a complex and vital mechanism mediated
by the ribosome. Translation is very dynamic and any disruption will jeopardize cell
viability. In eubacteria, the main quality-control mechanism for rescuing stalled
ribosomes is trans-translation, performed by tmRNA and SmpB. However, other rescuing systems have been
recently discovered, revealing a far more complex story that is presented by E. Giudice
and R. Gillet on pages 403–411 of this issue. On the cover: the way that a bumblebee
homes in on a cluster of foxglove blooms in a field of flowers is analogous to how
a member of the bacterial rescuing task force scans the translational machinery, detects
stalled ribosomes, and then goes to work on them. Photo courtesy of R. Gillet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/38_5.txt,ave_3,38_5.txt,"Heat shock activates a gene expression program to prevent irreversible
damage to macromolecules. On pages 18–32 in this issue, Desroches Altamirano
and Alberti explore how heat shock affects the protein “building blocks’’ in a cell
and
how this promotes a stress response. Heat shock inactivates certain protein blocks,
connects them into larger structures with mRNA and represses general protein
synthesis. Simultaneously, other protein blocks facilitate the synthesis of first-aid
protein blocks (HSPs) to help restore protein blocks with “compromised” structure.
Illustrated by Dr. Desroches Altamirano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/50_1.txt,allv2,50_1.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.png,B,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,ave_3,2024_2.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,train
Current Biology,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_1.png,A,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"On the cover: Herbivory is a dominant characteristic in beetles, Earth’s most speciose
animal group. In this issue, Salem et al. (pages 2875–2886) examined the role of microbial
symbionts in upgrading the digestive physiology of tortoise leaf beetles (pictured:
Cassida rubiginosa). By combining comparative genomics, biochemical characterizations, and biogeography,
the authors describe how variation in a symbiont’s metabolism can impact the ecology
of its host. Encoded within highly reduced symbiont genomes are pectin-degrading enzymes.
Symbionts endowing their hosts with a greater diversity of digestive enzymes allow
their herbivorous hosts to process a greater variety of complex plant polymers. As
this upgraded digestive phenotype corresponds to a wider ecological distribution,
symbiosis likely contributes to the radiation of herbivorous beetles to exploit, and
coevolve with, a correspondingly diverse flora. Image by Hassan Salem.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_10.txt,ave_3,30_10.txt,"On the cover: Fischer, Roland et al. (pages 4145–4151) demonstrate that the convergent
evolution of maternal care in South American and Malagasy poison frogs facilitates
toxin provisioning and relies on similar brain regions but different neuronal mechanisms.
The cover image shows the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica). In this species, mothers provide their altricial tadpoles with unfertilized eggs
for nutrition and chemical defense. Image by Elicio E. Tapia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_2.txt,ave_2,29_2.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_3.txt,allv2,35_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.png,D,"Amorphous e-TiO2 nanoparticles, designed for large-scale production, with strong UV absorption but low photocatalytic activity, demonstrate superior UV resistance enhancement in a nanocomposite with an unsaturated polyester resin. This UPR/e-TiO2 material stands out as a valuable resin, particularly suitable for crafting a long-lasting outdoor usable artificial quartz stone with minimal color alteration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_19.txt,ave_2,2024_19.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,multiBv1,2024_3.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_8.png,A,"Urethral conditions impact children and adults, increasing the risk of
urinary tract infections, voiding and sexual dysfunction, and renal failure. 3D bioprinting
can revolutionize personalized urethral repairs, adapting to individual anatomical
variations
and disease characteristics with customizable physical properties. In pages 544–559
of this issue, Booth and colleagues discuss the emerging applications of 3D bioprinting
technologies to address ongoing challenges in urethral tissue engineering, including
biomechanical and structural mismatch, lack of individualized repair solutions, and
inadequate wound healing and vascularization. Cover image from the team of Inmywork
Studio (https://inmywork.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,"Bioprinting is a powerful tool which enables 3D printing of structurally and functionally
biomimetic tissues. In pages 504–513 of this issue, Knowlton and Onal, et al. review the recent advances in bioprinting that show promise for creating cancer
models that mimic the tumor microenvironment in 3D, helping to further understand
cancer pathology, screen anti-cancer drugs, and develop cancer treatments. Cover art
by Chu Hsiang Yu and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_4.txt,sbert,33_4.txt,"A joint special issue between Cell Stem Cell and Trends in Biotechnology features a series of Reviews and Opinion articles discussing the progress, remaining
challenges, and future opportunities in tissue engineering. Articles about technological
advances and applications in creating high-fidelity tissue models highlight the strengthening
bond between stem cell technology and bioengineering. The cover image celebrates recent
advances towards the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs including
biofabrication (left) and functionalized scaffolds (right), and was conceived by Anh
Nguyen and Matt Pavlovich and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_10.txt,allv2,36_10.txt,"Developing the next generation of artificial blood vessels with appropriate mimicry
of physical and biological properties remains an unresolved bioengineering problem.
In pages 693–707 of this issue, Moore et al. discuss a subset of natural materials that have the potential to meet these requirements
in light of improvements to scalable production of the source materials, compatible
manufacturing techniques, and promising preclinical data. These innovations facilitating
the application of natural materials for this purpose will help overcome traditional
barriers that have limited their translation to date. Cover image by Daimon J Hall
(carbonandneon.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/40_8.txt,multiBv1,40_8.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_10.png,B,"High-throughput imaging of single-cell secretions
This issue highlights a caller of genomic variants that leverages machine learning to reduce read-mapping costs, a method for the in vivo screening of hydrogels for antifibrotic properties, collagen-replacement therapy via mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles delivered intradermally via microneedles, the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of mRNA to the liver, an investigation of the effects of the spatial distribution and placement of antigens in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines, a subcutaneous Zika vaccine consisting of a hydrogel electrostatically entrapping the live virus, and a microwell array for the image-based spatiotemporal profiling of single-cell secretions.
The cover illustrates a plasmonic microwell array for the spatiotemporal monitoring of secreted proteins from hundreds of single cells.
See Ansaryan et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_6.txt,allv2,7_6.txt,"Multi-pass flow cytometry via laser-light barcodes
This issue highlights a high-throughput method for the rapid discovery of high-affinity antibodies, the large-scale mass-spectrometric quantification of glycopeptides in plasma, an assay for the identification, sorting and profiling of killer cells, high-throughput microfluidics for the identification of druggable regulators of cell secretion, the prediction of interactions between drugs and intestinal drug transporters, the high-throughput identification of genetic and cellular drivers of syncytium formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, multi-pass flow cytometry for measuring single-cell dynamics, and an assay for sensing the DNA-mismatch tolerance of Cas9.
The cover illustrates that barcoding cells with microparticles that emit near-infrared laser light allows for multi-pass flow cytometry with more markers and fewer colours.
See Kwok et al.
Image: LASE Innovation. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Spectral fingerprinting of ovarian cancer in serum samples
This issue highlights the performance of paper-based cell-free diagnostics for the detection of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum samples, a method for the tracking of thousands of mutations with fewer reads per locus than conventional hybrid-capture duplex sequencing, that ovarian cancer can be predicted via a fingerprint obtained via machine learning from the emissions of carbon-nanotube sensors in serum samples, fast and sensitive electromechanical and biochemical methods for the detection of biomolecules, cell-free diagnostics via multi-arm junction RNAs that execute molecular logic, and the urinary detection of early responses to checkpoint blockade via protease-cleaved antibody-conjugated sensors.
The cover illustrates that the analysis, via machine learning, of near-infrared-fluorescence emissions of carbon-nanotube sensors placed in serum samples can be used to predict ovarian cancer.
See Kim et al.
Image: Olga Kharchenko. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/6_10.txt,ave_3,6_10.txt,"Barcoded DNA structures for the subcellular profiling of proteins
This issue highlights tumour-cell-derived microparticles as efficient drug-delivery carriers, the boosting of chemotherapy in colonic tumours via the phage-guided modulation of gut microbiota, the delivery of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to metastases in the central nervous system, the augmentation of canonical Wnt signalling to produce cell factories of therapeutically potent exosomes, integrated glass microelectrodes for in vivo brain electrophysiology, and barcoded DNA nanostructures for the profiling of subcellular protein distribution.
The cover illustrates tetrahedral DNA nanostructures that act as barcodes for the high-throughput multiplexed profiling of the subcellular expression and distribution of proteins in cells.
See Sundah et al.
Image: Zac Goh, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/3_4.txt,sbert,3_4.txt,test
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_3.png,B,"Autocatalytic lipids — that form assemblies capable of catalysing their own formation — are fascinating chemicals that display a variety of extraordinary behaviour up to and including the emulation of processes, such as growth, metabolism and homeostasis, that are associated with living systems. The cover illustrates this with the gradual appearance from top left of ever more complex assemblies eventually leading to larger assemblies that are beginning to divide. See Howlett & Fletcher
Image: Carl Conway & Philip Patenall Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_3.txt,ave_3,7_3.txt,"How life arose on Earth starting from simple chemicals remains an open question — one to which we may never have a definitive answer. A shift from simple building blocks to systems that display the essential characteristics of life — confinement, metabolism, and replication — would have been necessary, ultimately coming together in conditions that are far-from-equilibrium. For a discussion of this transition, see Singh et al.
Image: Dibyendu Das; Cover design: Susanne Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"The bottom-up assembly of an artificial cell would enable the study of minimal systems. Membranes — formed by the self-assembly of lipids — are considered an essential cellular subsystem. The synthesis of these membranes is thus an essential step in understanding the transition from non-living chemistry to biology. See Podolsky et al.
Image: Kira A. Podolsky & Neal K. Devaraj, University of California. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/5_3.txt,ave_2,5_3.txt,"The question of how life began has intrigued people for many years. While we may never know the answer, several research avenues exist – each with their own theories and starting conditions. Common grounds between different theories do exist, such as the need for membranes forming compartment used to contain and protect the crucial ingredients of life. How these compartments were formed is also heavily debated. It is possible that simple amphiphiles — synthesised in dense molecular clouds of the interstellar medium — were deposited on early Earth via meteors and comets before eventually self-assembling into membranes and the phospholipid bilayers as we know them today. See Bocková et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_4.txt,allv2,8_4.txt,test
CELL RESEARCH,34_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_6.png,C,"The Chinese legend “The Butterfly Lovers”, also known as “Liang Zhu”, depicts two lovers transformed to butterflies. The butterflies symbolize the gray matter of the human spinal cord with well-organized cells in the dorsal and ventral horns. This imagery beautifully conveys the idea of transformation from embryonic to adult spinal cord. See page 193–213 by Yingchao Shi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.txt,allv2,34_10.txt,"Neural connectome mapping describes how different types of neurons connect with each other and organs in the body. This cartoon (illustrated by Evelyn Xiaoya Zhao) shows a densely-stacked neuron network linked by dendrites and axons, together with nonneuronal cells including glial cells, endothelium, pericytes and many others. A new tissue clearing pipeline, TESOS, is designed to image a complete projection course of individual sensory neurons from mouse digits to the spinal cord. See page 124–139 by Yating Yi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_11.txt,sbert,34_11.txt,"The SCN is the central biological clock with thousands of twinking neurons as the time-keeping elements. At the system level, bilaterally symmetrical ripple-like patterns emerge from the functional organization of these neurons, aesthetically pleasing like that of a butterfly.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_6.txt,groundtruth,34_6.txt,"Caption: Autophagy is a type of cellular ""housekeeping"" that involves signaling, removal of debris, and recycling. Original watercolor painting by Stephen Kade based on a scientific design by Daniel J. Klionsky.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_1.txt,multiBv1,29_1.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_13.png,C,"Foldable actuators are promising for a wide range of applications, including biomimetic
machines, robotics, drug delivery, and wearable electronics. Recent attention has
been drawn to the development of responsive soft materials for their adaptiveness
and programmable shape changes in response to external stimuli. On pages 137–147 of
this issue, Yang and colleagues overview the latest advances in the chemistry and
mechanisms for responsive and foldable soft materials, including hydrogels, liquid
crystal elastomers, shape memory polymers, and polymer composites, highlighting materials
design and fabrication techniques. The cover image (designed by Yuchong Gao) exemplifies
the essence of responsiveness and foldable soft actuators in a biomimetic blooming
lotus flower.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/2_12.txt,ave_3,2_12.txt,"Metasurfaces, planarized engineered surfaces, offer unprecedented opportunities to
manipulate light in extreme ways. On pages 342–358, Alù and colleagues discuss layered
metasurfaces with a controlled rotation or twist angle, providing new degrees of freedom
for nanoscale enhancement and control of light-matter interactions, ideally suited
for biosensing, molecular chirality detection, nanoscale imaging, and light transport.
Image credit: the Alù group (The City College of New York).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"The upcoming micro-optics revolution has been set to transform how we
create optical devices for various industries. To date, scientists mostly focus on
organic/
inorganic photoresins for 3D printing, allowing us to print structures whose scale
lies
beyond our eyesight. In their Forum article, Winczewski and co-authors highlight the
need to develop cutting-edge photoresins for 3D printing that transform into functional
glass/ceramics upon heat exposure. Innovation at the forefront is crucial to paving
the way for crafting unique multi-material optical components with spatially dissimilar
compositions. Cover Image Credit: Ella Maruschenko - Ella Maru Studio",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_13.txt,groundtruth,6_13.txt,"Plasmonic nanostructures have broad utility in many important light-driven applications
(e.g., photocatalysis, spectroscopic detection, and nanomedicine) due to their localized
surface plasmon resonance that is determined largely by their chemical composition,
size, shape, and surrounding dielectrics. Recently, there has been incredible progress
in preparing plasmonic nanostructures with tunable coupling by solution-processed
self-assembly. On pages 593–608, Yin and colleagues highlight current research effort
towards the design of responsive plasmonic assemblies for colorimetric sensing and
spectroscopic detection, two of the most actively explored applications of plasmonic
materials. Image credit: Mr. Jiankun Huang (University of California, Riverside).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_11.png,A,"Spider web structures shift
How behavioural plasticity can allow species to adapt to global warming remains poorly documented. Writing in this issue, Sun and colleagues find that spiders alter the mesh size of their webs to adjust to changes in prey size spectra following experimental warming.
See Hu et al. and News & Views by Vandegehuchte
Image: Sonal Kulkarni / 500px/500px/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_11.txt,groundtruth,14_11.txt,"Coral rapid adaption
Due to anthropogenically driven thermal heat stress, tropical coral species, including Porites lichen as shown on the cover, are in decline. Their survival is therefore dependent on the ability to adapt or acclimatise. The prospects for rapid adaptive responses, including the role of transgenerational plasticity, are discussed in this Perspective.
See Nature Climate Change 7, 627-636
IMAGE: GERGELY TORDA
COVER DESIGN: LAUREN HESLOP",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_4.txt,ave_2,7_4.txt,"The ability of species to shift their range as a result of climate change is significantly threatened by habitat fragmentation. Distribution modelling of 3 taxonomic groups, including grasshoppers as shown on the cover, now suggests that habitatbased conservation strategies will be insufficient to save species from regional extinction under twenty-first-century climate change.
Letter p823
IMAGE: DIRK HEUER/MOMENT/GETTY
COVER DESIGN: LAUREN HESLOP",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"Considering the poor and vulnerable
Climate impact models have a limited ability to represent risks to the poor and vulnerable. Wider adoption of best practices and new model features that incorporate social heterogeneity and different policy mechanisms are needed to address this shortcoming.
See Nature Climate Change  7 , 857–862 (2017).
Image: Zacharie Rabehi/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,test
Science Advances,11_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_5.png,B,"ONLINE COVER An adult female mammoth, named Elma, and two young mammoths walk by a family of ancient Alaskans watching from the dunes near the Swan Point archaeological site, a seasonal hunting camp occupied 14,000 years ago. Woolly mammoths are an iconic Ice Age species, but they are still poorly understood. Rowe et al. analyzed isotopes from Elma’s tusk to reconstruct her past movements and used ancient DNA from her and other mammoths’ remains to determine their sex and relatedness. Elma and other herds frequently used an area that had one of the highest densities of Ice Age hunting camps, suggesting ancient Alaskans set up their camps to coincide with woolly mammoth gatherings. Credit: Julius Csotonyi",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_3.txt,ave_2,10_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER A polar bear rolling in snow. Polar bears are the only Arctic land mammal that dives into water to hunt, but their fur is typically free of ice. Carolan et al. investigated the anti-icing properties of polar bear fur and found that the low ice accumulation is a consequence of fur sebum, or hair grease. These findings could have potential applications in developing anti-icing surface coatings. Credit: Konrad Wothe / Minden",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_5.txt,groundtruth,11_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Polar bear swimming in Arctic waters. This apex predator of the Arctic is a crucial species for understanding the impact of environmental variability on Arctic marine ecosystems. Westbury et al. looked at the genomic, morphological, and ecological relationships between polar bears along the eastern and western coasts of Greenland. Their results offer insights into the susceptibility of polar bears to environmental changes, such as increased sea-surface temperature, emphasizing the critical role played by the Arctic marine ecosystem in shaping the evolutionary and ecological pathways of its inhabitants. Credit: Andrea Cabrera",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_45.txt,allv2,9_45.txt,"ONLINE COVER Illustration of a velvet worm capturing prey with secretions. While recent research on miniature mobile robots is promising for minimally invasive medical procedures, achieving adhesion control over various surfaces is a substantial challenge. Min et al. propose an adhesive robotic system inspired by secretions from velvet worms. The remote adhesive robot assisted with mouse tumor removal surgery, removed a nut from a bolt, and successfully transported various fragile objects, including wet organs. In the future, the robotic system may be helpful in procedures targeting small-scale biological tissues and organisms. Credit: Micrpicutre",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_47.txt,ave_3,10_47.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_6.png,D,"Identifying single–atom electrocatalysts
A lack of insight into the structure of single-atom electrocatalysts holds back their rational design. Now, Fei et al. report the synthesis of single-atom nickel, iron and cobalt electrocatalysts in nitrogen-doped graphene. In-depth characterization identifies the exact structure of the active sites and allows a theoretical prediction of their relative activities in oxygen evolution reactions – a structure–activity relationship that is supported by subsequent experiments.
See Fei et al.
Image: J. Dong and H. Fei. Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/1_12.txt,multiBv1,1_12.txt,"Machine bridges
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming increasingly important in many aspects of twenty-first century life. This Focus issue provides an overview of how machine learning can be applied to facilitate rapid advances in catalyst discovery. The cover image comes from a Review by Hongliang Xin and colleagues, which discusses strategies to utilize machine learning to bridge the complexity gap that currently exists between real and computed catalytic systems.
See Mou et al
Image: Xue Han and Tianyou Mou. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_11.txt,allv2,6_11.txt,"Two eyes on single particles
Weckhuysen and co-workers report a set of catalyst sensors that allow for the simultaneous detection of local temperature and surface species on catalyst particles. This provides a powerful method to monitor, characterize and understand catalytic systems.
See Hartman et al.
Image: Thomas Hartman (Utrecht University). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_2.txt,sbert,2_2.txt,"Active sites revealed
In their work, the authors present a methodology to map the active sites of nanoparticle catalysts via a combination of atomic electron tomography and first-principles-trained machine learning. This allows them to draw structure–activity relationships and propose a local environment descriptor.
See Yang et al.
Image: Yao Yang, Westlake University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_5.png,A,"Coral microbiomes in a changing world, inspired by the Review on p460
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_5.txt,groundtruth,22_5.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_3,22_1.txt,test
ACS Catalysis,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_20.png,D,"Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a notorious greenhouse gas because of its higher global warming potential and longer lifetime than CO2 and CH4. Here, we present a rational design of a highly stable and active electrocatalyst, namely, Au@Pd nanoparticles with an optimal shell thickness, whose activity surpasses those of conventional Pd catalysts for N2O reduction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_1.txt,allv2,2021_1.txt,"Vanadium doping effectively optimizes the spin states of mesoporous Co3O4 nanorods with a desirable eg~1.0 configuration at the Oh-sites, enabling enhanced oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction activity for a long-lasting rechargeable Zn–air battery, offering a promising power source for next-generation electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_12.txt,sbert,2021_12.txt,Water-fed hydroxide exchange membrane electrolyzers for affordable green hydrogen production at scale using renewable energy are enabled by self-supported fluoride-incorporated nickel iron oxyhydroxide catalysts on,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_24.txt,multiBv1,2021_24.txt,"Pulsed-laser decoration of single Pd nanoparticles on NiCo2O4 nanoplates resulted in a Pd/NiCo2O4 composite with excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the hydrazine oxidation reaction. Accordingly, the assembled hybrid electrolyzer achieves low-voltage-driven hydrogen production while simultaneously degrading hydrazine in wastewater into nitrogen, effectively achieving dual objectives with a single strategy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,val
Nature Food,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_5.png,C,"Brazil’s grain boom
Production of soybean and corn in Brazil has increased four-fold since 1980 and the country is now the world’s largest and second largest exporter of each, respectively. The grain boom has been driven by cropland expansion and double cropping. Municipality-level data shows that cropland expansion has been the predominant strategy in frontier regions, such as the Centre-West and Matopiba, and has received attention as Brazil’s agricultural system evolves. However, double cropping, which predominates in conventional agricultural regions such as the south, has offset the equivalent of 76.7 Mha of arable land for grain production from 2003 to 2016, and has had increased impacts over land expansion. The experience of Brazil in double cropping may be valuable for pan-tropical countries producing grain for global trade.
See Xu et al.
Image: Alfredo Francisco Nunes Ribeiro / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_9.txt,sbert,2_9.txt,"Urban agriculture
Urban food systems still rely almost entirely on imported goods and services. The acceleration of urbanization is therefore expected to place greater demands on resources that are already strained by shifting land use, rising inequalities and climate change. Urban agriculture represents a promising lever to reduce this pressure while inducing a broader transformative change towards urban resilience and sustainability. Scaling up urban agriculture will need to address diversity, heterogeneity, connectivity, spatial synergies and trade-offs, nonlinearity, scale and polycentricity. This transition could prompt the decentralization of urban food supplies, bolster ecosystem services, mitigate transboundary environmental footprints and advance urban resilience. Multi-phase developmental pathways, including dynamics, accelerators and feedback associated with scaling up urban agriculture, should be considered in support of food security for the growing urban population.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lim Weixiang - Zeitgeist Photos/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Irrigation in post-invasion Ukraine
In 2022, Ukraine was the world’s fifth-largest wheat exporter, fourth-largest maize exporter and third-largest rapeseed exporter. The country’s invasion by Russia caused damage to Ukrainian crop production lands and irrigation systems, resulting in shocks to global grain markets and threatening food security in regions dependent on grain imports. As Ukraine rebuilds its agricultural sector, it will need to move away from rainfed agricultural practices and incorporate climate change adaptation measures. Irrigation systems will need to expand and be modernized, particularly in southern, eastern and central Ukraine. Local surface and groundwater resources can supply sustainable irrigation options for millions of hectares of cropland even with a projected 3°C warming.
See Rosa et al.
Image: Slavica/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"Extreme climate events
Food security is commonly analysed on the basis of mean climate change estimates, however droughts and floods are expected to become more frequent and intense in the near future. Relative to median-level climate change, an additional 20–36% and 11–33% of the world population may face hunger by 2050 under high and low greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. In some affected regions such as South Asia, the amount of additional food requirement to offset such effect is triple the region’s current food storage.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image: JBN-ART / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design:Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_3.png,A,"A new platform combines high-resolution ion mobility and low-temperature vibrational ion spectroscopy to accurately identify chemical compounds. Precise identifications of analytes are made by measuring their infrared spectra using a messenger-tagging approach with nitrogen. This enables infrared spectral measurements to be incorporated into analytical workflows on practical time scales (credit: Shutterstock IDs 547871221, 1060615994, and 2248636519).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"A new analytical platform allows for the rapid detection of pathogens using graphene oxide-coated microplates. The high-throughput optical biosensing system offers optimal results within 30 min, which can be interrogated in real-time via photoluminescence quenching. This technology is also amenable to multiplexed detection of different analytes, including bacteria and viruses. Image concept by Diana L. Mancera-Zapata, Mariana D. Avila-Huerta, and Eden Morales-Narváez. Image created by Diana L. Mancera-Zapata.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2020_8.txt,sbert,2020_8.txt,"In it, we highlight important advances in techniques such as MS, IR spectroscopy, and NMR to monitor atmospheric species such as aerosols, fluorocarbons, and greenhouse gasses that contribute to global climate. Cover photo courtesy of Shutterstock.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2010_6.txt,multiBv1,2010_6.txt,"The image shows the experimental setup described in the manuscript, which consists of a microfluidic chip spraying a reaction solution into a cryogenic ion trap vibrational spectrometer. The molecular structures of the adducts, intermediates, and products and their gas-phase vibrational spectra are shown. The background includes an actual photo of a microfluidic chip taken in our laboratory. Image created by Maik Pahl, Martin Mayer, Sadat Hasan, and Josef Heiland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2019_20.txt,allv2,2019_20.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_18.png,D,"On the cover: Two livers, with hepatocytes (orange and red) illustrated in a mosaic
tile pattern. The liver on the top left contains largely binucleated and polyploid
cells, whereas the one at the lower right contains diploid mononucleated cells. For
more about how polyploidy affects tumor initiation in the liver, see Zhang et al.,
pp. 447–459.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/44_3.txt,allv2,44_3.txt,"On the cover: The image shows the ultrastructural tomography of a multivesicular body/late
endosome from dendritic cells. The limiting membrane is shown in blue and the lumenal
vesicles are shown in colors. Cytosolic proteins can be internalized both in bulk
and in a selective manner inside these luminal vesicles that form by invagination
of the limiting membrane of the endosome. For details on this process, named endosomal
microautophagy, see Sahu et al., pp. 131–139, and the accompanying Preview by Shpilka
and Elazar, pp.1–2. Image created by Brian Scharf.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/20_6.txt,multiBv1,20_6.txt,"On the cover: A video conferencing meeting, which represents metabolic communication,
is taking place. Amongst the participants, we can find human cells, organs, and organelles.
In this special issue, we are featuring pieces that reflect the recent progress made
in understanding how metabolic signals regulate cellular communication in the context
of cellular homeostasis, development, and diseases. Illustration by Phillip Krzeminski
(https://www.phillipmk.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/54_5.txt,ave_3,54_5.txt,"On the cover: The image is a graphical representation for the information that can
be obtained from the human liver by a spatial single-cell multi-omic approach. Data
(in blue, water gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [(H2O)n-GCIB-SIMS] imaging; in red, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
imaging [DESI-MSI]; and in green, C60-SIMS imaging) identify the metabolic and cellular organization of the liver. To learn
more about how spatial multi-omics provides insight into cell types in the mammalian
liver, see Tian et al. Image credit: Hua Tian and Ella Maru Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_18.txt,groundtruth,59_18.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p403.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,multiBv1,21_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p399.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_2.txt,ave_3,21_2.txt,train
Joule,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_8.png,D,"On the cover: Zhang et al. develop a universal encapsulation method for commercialized perovskite solar cell
(PSC). The encapsulated PSC modules passed outdoor stability, UV preconditioning,
and hail tests according to the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard.
Image credit: Guodong Zhang, Yifan Zheng, and Yuchuan Shao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_11.txt,ave_3,8_11.txt,"On the cover: Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit dramatic potential in the
application of distributed photovoltaics (e.g., cabin in the forest, traveling caravan)
to promote the low-carbon lifestyle. The qualities of the electron transport layer
play a crucial part in performance of PSCs. In this issue, Huang et al. propose a
ligand-engineered deposition strategy based on the coordination ability of ligands
to precisely regulate TiO2 film formation, resulting in the smooth topography (illustrated by the cobblestone
arrangement) and interfacial cross-linked structure with perovskite (illustrated by
the chalk painting), which are favorable for the performance enhancement of PSCs.
Cover art by Hao Huang, Peng Cui, and Meicheng Li of North China Electric Power University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_4.txt,multiBv1,6_4.txt,"On the Cover: The toughening of just one interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
by using a rationally chosen in situ low-dimensional (LD) metal halide perovskite thin capping layer results in the synergistic
enhancement of photovoltaic performance, operational stability, mechanical reliability,
and bending durability of PSCs, as demonstrated by Dong et al. in this issue. In this
image, at the left side of the illustrated heart is our proposed idea of utilizing
the LD metal halide perovskite thin capping layer to prevent cracks in 3D perovskite
thin films. At the right side of the heart, we illustrated the final application of
flexible perovskite solar cells. Such combination of research and development strategy
completes the heart, resulting in the success of flexible solar cells. Cover art by
Min Chen and Scimage, with a special thanks to F.P. Journe boutique in Los Angeles
for discussion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_7.txt,allv2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module
(f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability
of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL
effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property,
greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables
a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit
: Da Seul Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,train
iScience,27_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_5.png,A,"On the cover: This image is a representation of the work by Jones et al. at the University of Birmingham, uncovering the mechanism of replisome disassembly
in human cells. Key to DNA replication is the MCM2-7 ring helicase complex, which
promotes DNA unwinding and is thus the main focus of the image. Upon DNA replication
termination, the ubiquitin ligase CUL2-LRR1 forms chains of ubiquitin (black circles)
on MCM7. CUL2-LRR1 has an elongated structure and is shown beneath the MCM2-7 ring,
representing branches of a tree at the forefront. The ubiquitin chains are subsequently
recognized by the unfoldase complex, p97, which is seen at the bottom right of the
image, slightly out of view, and resembles a treetop. Finally, we have included the
most iconic building of our campus in this image, the free-standing clock tower, Old
Joe. Many University events have been held around Old Joe, including fairs; hence,
the MCM2-7 ring complex here resembles one of the most celebrated fairground rides,
the Ferris Wheel. Image credit: Agnieszka Gambus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_5.txt,groundtruth,27_5.txt,"On the Cover: DNA sequencing is carried out through chopping a DNA strand (top right)
into smaller fragments and then, in the case of massively parallel “next-gen” methods,
analyzing the sequences of the fragments in parallel. Once each fragment is sequenced,
the fragments are then aligned, based on their overlap, to a reference genome (left)
to identify the position of each fragment, as well as possible variations between
the reference genome and the sample being analyzed. Computational methods are crucial
to provide alignment, as well as to analyze these variations that are the basis of
detecting, for example, Mendelian diseases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/18_1.txt,sbert,18_1.txt,"On the cover: With the advancement of high-throughput biological technology, massive
data resources are being accumulated. The large amount of data is just like the countless
stars in the night sky. In this study, we attempted to reveal the interactions between
E3 ubiquitin ligase and substrates by integratively mining various types of biological
data resources. These interactions were displayed as a network, and the top left part
of the layout shape was displayed as an “E3,” which play key roles in nearly all types
of biological processes. For more, see Chen et al. (vol 16, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/17_1.txt,allv2,17_1.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
(hiPSCs; circular structures) from fibroblasts (elongated multipolar shapes). The
“phoenix bird” has been used as a symbol of regeneration, reflecting the unique self-renewal
and differentiation ability of hiPSCs, which makes them attractive tools in the field
of regenerative medicine. The hexagonal patterning resembles the imidazopyridines'
backbone, which have been shown in the present study to increase reprogramming efficiency,
as well as maintenance and generation of human iPSCs when combined with four main
transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. Image by Maryam Dabiri. For more,
see Dabiri et al. (volume 12, 2019).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/13_1.txt,ave_3,13_1.txt,test
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.png,A,"Stress and cardiovascular disease, inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"Regulation of blood pressure, inspired by the Review on p235.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_9.txt,allv2,18_9.txt,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_6.txt,multiBv1,20_6.txt,"Blood pressure variability, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_3.txt,sbert,19_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.png,A,This cover art describes an antibacterial hydrogel material covering wounds on the skin. The hydrogel hosts extracellular vesicles derived from mint leaves. These extracellular vesicles kill the bacteria in the wound site and promote wound healing. The cover art is made with Adobe Firefly.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,allv2,2019_12.txt,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,multiBv1,2018_1.txt,"The cover portrays an injectable macroporous hydrogel applied to a damaged tissue for enhanced wound healing. The hydrogel is made by crosslinking gelatin microgels with microbial transglutaminase (mTG), which also serves to adhere the hydrogel to the wound site. Macropores within the hydrogel are formed by the interstitial space between the microgels. Because of the presence of large interconnected pores, cells from the surrounding tissue can infiltrate the hydrogel, proliferate, and secrete new extracellular matrix as part of the wound healing process. This injectable formulation can also achieve controlled release of growth factors to further accelerate the wound healing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_2.txt,sbert,2018_2.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.png,D,"Marine cyanobacterium Moorea boulionii (background filaments) produces macrocycle apratoxin A, a Sec61 inhibitor. Discovery of a decarboxylase/methyltransferase to transform dimethylmalonyl-ACP to pivaloyl-ACP establishes the biosynthetic route to the atypical t-butyl group.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2018_7.txt,sbert,2018_7.txt,"Whole genome analysis and molecular networking of secondary metabolites produced by microbes aided in the identification of urdamycin E. This natural compound efficiently inhibits the mTOR protein employing a novel mechanism, thereby inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cell lines. Cover image by Vipin Mohan Dan.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2020_10.txt,allv2,2020_10.txt,A photoactivatable erythropoietin mimetic peptide drives nuclear localization of the transcription factor NF-κB (red) selectively in macrophages that express a chimeric receptor (green) containing the extracellular domain of the erythropoietin receptor and the intracellular tail of toll-like receptor 4. Art designer: Thinh Nguyen Duc.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2015_2.txt,ave_3,2015_2.txt,"screening of 41716 compounds in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans identifies pre-clinical anticancer mycotoxins chaetocin and chetomin as potent inducers of novel nuclear metal homeostasis protein NUMR-1/2 in the alimentary canal.  Chaetomiaceae fungi and C. elegans inhabit similar environments, raising the possibility that NUMR-1/2 functions as a resistance mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_28,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_28.png,A,Tertiary water effluents from wastewater treatment plants have the potential to provide the water that will be required to power a hydrogen economy. This cover image was created with the aid of OpenAI.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_28.txt,groundtruth,2024_28.txt,THF hydrate kinetics provides guidance for hydrate-based H2 storage and transport with the rise of offshore hydrogen production at scale. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"Carbon-neutral and sustainable hydrogen energy production and supply chain, primarily based on geological hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, and salt caverns.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_43.txt,allv2,2022_43.txt,"The cover art shows the concept of a membrane reactor that can efficiently couple the decomposition of N2O with water splitting reactions and directly produce synthesis gas for ammonia production. N2O and water with an appropriate ratio are fed to one side (side I) of the membrane, while oxygen-consuming gas (hydrogen or low-grade hydrogen in this case) is fed to the other side (side II). At high temperatures, N2O and water decompose on the surface of the membrane to form N2, H2 (ASG), and oxygen ions. The oxygen ions then transport through the MIEC membrane by diffusion to side II, where they react with H2 to form water; meanwhile, electrons migrate from side II to side I to maintain the electric neutrality of the whole process. The oxygen-consuming gas in side II results in an extremely low oxygen partial pressure on side II, which drives the permeation of oxygen from side I to side II.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_45.txt,ave_3,2021_45.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.png,B,The atomic-level structure-property relationship of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for polysulfides conversion is rarely investigated in the field of lithium-sulfur batteries. This work proposes a novel exfoliation-evaporation strategy to fabricate Co SACs with different N coordination numbers and elaborately investigates the relationship between N coordination number and polysulfides redox kinetics. The image illustrates the excellent catalytic activities of Co SACs with a low coordination number for both oxidation and reduction processes of sulfur species.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_12.txt,ave_2,2022_12.txt,Density functional theory + machine learning-based approaches are used to screen out suitable cathode hosts from a large number of MXenes for the optimum adsorption of possible intermediates in aluminum–sulfur batteries. AI was used partially in the creation of this cover graphic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The screening of most suitable dual atom alloy catalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to C1 and C2 products is accelerated implementing integrated density functional theory and machine learning methods.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of a 2D material, which typically show unique optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. In this issue, authors highlight the use of MXenes for applications in electronic and photonic devices, as well as a new synthetic method for metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_12.txt,ave_3,2020_12.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_3.png,B,"On the cover: The hippocampus encodes, consolidates, and retrieves new episodic memories
in a brain-state-dependent fashion. In this issue, Hulse et al. characterize how the
membrane potential of individual hippocampal neurons depends on brain state in awake
mice. The cover displays two granule cells (green and magenta) embedded in the dentate
gyrus circuit (gray background) along with a membrane potential recording, colored
by brain state, to illustrate how coordinated shifts in subthreshold dynamics across
individual neurons may support distinct processing modes in the hippocampal network
as a whole.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/18_13.txt,ave_3,18_13.txt,"On the cover: Navigating crevasses at night is aided by spatial learning and memory,
which requires forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP).
In this issue of Cell Reports, Rumian et al. describe how the different phases of LTP are mediated by distinct CaMKII functions.
The picture was taken on the slopes of Cotopaxi, an active stratovolcano in Ecuador,
by Ulli Bayer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_3.txt,groundtruth,43_3.txt,"On the cover: Super-resolution image of endogenous CaMKII (green) and excitatory (red)
and inhibitory (blue) synaptic markers within a dendritic segment of a live hippocampal
neuron. Using FingR-intrabodies, Cook et al. show that endogenous CaMKII differentially
targets excitatory and inhibitory synapses in response to different plasticity-inducing
stimuli. Hippocampal plasticity, which mediates learning, memory, and cognition, requires
CaMKII synaptic targeting. Notably, long term potentiation-induced CaMKII targeting
to excitatory synapses was abolished by Aβ peptide, revealing a potential mechanism
for Alzheimer's-related plasticity impairment. This image was acquired by Sarah G.
Cook using structured illumination microscopy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/27_11.txt,allv2,27_11.txt,"On the cover: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the strengthening of neuronal connections
and plays a crucial role in learning and memory processes. In this issue, Wang et
al. describe the role of two essential protein kinases, PKCι/λ and PKMζ, that alternate
in an activation pattern during early- and late-stage LTP. The cover depicts the act
of relaying a handkerchief between two Chinese puppets, which represents the passing
of LTP management between the two kinases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/16_6.txt,multiBv1,16_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.png,B,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on Current Trends in Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomedical Applications. The background is taken from an atomic force microscope image of functionalized collagen used as a support for mesenchymal stem cells. The central inset is taken from the Spotlight on Applications article by Ventre and Netti, and shows the compression of a cell nucleus by actin fibers. The inset above this schematically represents the variety of cell instructive materials covered in the same Spotlight on Applications article.  The other insets (from top center moving clockwise): Multiphoton image of collagen fibrils with nuclei stained blue and actin stained red;",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2016_27.txt,ave_3,2016_27.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.txt,groundtruth,2025_7.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.txt,allv2,2025_8.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.txt,ave_2,2025_9.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.png,B,"Plants have sophisticated defense systems to protect their tissues against the attack
of herbivorous organisms. Many of these defenses are orchestrated by the oxylipin
jasmonate. A growing body of evidence indicates that the expression of jasmonate-induced
responses is tightly regulated by the ecological context of the plant. Ecological
information is provided by molecular signals that indicate the nature of the attacker,
the value of the attacked organs, phytochrome status and hence proximity of competing
plants, the association with beneficial organisms, and the history of plant interactions
with pathogens and herbivores. On pages 249–257 Carlos L. Ballaré discusses recent
advances in this field and highlights the need to map the activities of informational
modulators to specific control points within our emerging model of jasmonate signaling.
Cover images (flower of Salvia farinacea and Chrysolina beetles) provided by Carlos
L. Ballaré. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/16_8.txt,ave_2,16_8.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.txt,groundtruth,29_8.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,allv2,29_9.txt,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,ave_3,17_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,23_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.png,C,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,ave_3,20_11.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,allv2,23_2.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.txt,groundtruth,23_1.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,ave_2,22_2.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_7.png,D,"This cover shows a novel antiplasmodial agent attacking Plasmodium falciparum parasites in infected red blood cells. This new compound was re-engineered from the indole alkaloid yohimbine using a “ring distortion” chemical synthesis approach reported by Huigens, Chakrabarti, and co-workers. Artwork created by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,"The cover depicts the steps involved in a high-throughput natural product project undertaken by the NCI and NIAID. Hexagons indicate individual components of the project, with each also being depicted by watermarked images of source organisms, automated instrumentation, and data generated. In the center, the marine natural product jaspamide, which was identified as having antimicrobial activity, is shown.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_7.txt,multiBv1,2023_7.txt,Host-pathogen interactions involve biomolecular interactions that are deleterious to the host. The cover is an artistic rendition of a chemist taking aim at a pathogen-host interaction with a chemical probe (the arrow) (artwork by Ella Marushchenko with design contributions from Miroslava Strmiskova).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_2.txt,ave_2,2016_2.txt,The cover shows how integrating the 12 Green Chemistry principles into the pharmaceutical,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.png,A,"Human body digital twins can be created through the analysis and modelling of real physiological data coming from on-body sensors and medical devices. The cover image illustrates the duality between the real world and the virtual representation. See Occhipinti et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.txt,groundtruth,1_10.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,multiBv1,1_9.txt,"3D integration of 2D electronics presents an alternative platform for addressing the scaling challenges inherent in silicon-based electronics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the realization of multifunctional capabilities within a vertically integrated system. The cover image depicts a 3D integrated chip constructed from 2D materials, which enables multifunctionalities such as sensing, logic, and memory. See Das et al.
Image: Jennifer M McCann, Subir Ghosh, Saptarshi Das, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,val
iScience,27_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_9.png,C,"On the cover: This cover art shows a potentially more sustainable pathway for China’s
transition to an 80% carbon-free electricity system by 2035, emphasizing the important
role that renewable power such as wind and solar can play in supporting the electrification
of end-use sectors such as buildings. Image courtesy of Nikit Abhyankar and Jiang
Lin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the interconnectedness of the elements affected
during urban ecosystem rehabilitation plans: the health of the environment and all
living beings, urban architecture, and human psychological perception. In the foreground,
the head symbolizes a “green city” built upon scientific foundations, with intertwined
natural and architectural elements, idealizing a balanced system where micro- and
macrobiomes healthily coexist. In the mirror reflection, invasive species, pathogens,
and pests highlight the challenges that need to be scientifically monitored to prevent
them from becoming negative aspects of the green transition toward the cities of tomorrow.
This vision is the core of the perspective by Bruno et al., providing an evidence-based urban rehabilitation framework. Image credit: Giulia
Ghisleni.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_2.txt,ave_2,27_2.txt,"On the cover: People's vision for a future electricity system is decentralized, willing
to accept trade-offs, as shown in Mey et al. The picture captures this future vision with a person walking toward a small-scale
wind farm (six turbines) in the vicinity of several villages and settlements in central
Germany. Image credit: Lech Aleksandrowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_9.txt,groundtruth,27_9.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_3.txt,ave_3,28_3.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.png,D,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,"The ability to make small molecules autonomously and automatically will be fundamental
to many applications such as searching for new drugs and materials. On pages 4–12
of this issue, Leroy Cronin and colleagues outline a universal approach to this problem
beginning with an abstract representation of the practice of chemical synthesis that
then informs the programming and automation required for its practical realization.
These robots can perform chemical reactions and analyses much faster than can be done
manually. As such, this leads to a road map whereby molecules can be discovered, optimized,
and made on demand from a digital code. Credit: Dr. Naomi Johnson, Cronin Laboratory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/2_13.txt,allv2,2_13.txt,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_11.txt,ave_3,3_11.txt,"Automation in chemical research fosters innovation and efficiency but
introduces a critical dilemma—selecting the appropriate development approach for
automated platforms. This decision involves choosing between fixed automation,
known for specialized setups, and flexible automation, valued for its adaptability.
In their
Forum article, Hein et al. offer an introductory guide to the decision-making process in
adopting automation platforms. The article conducts a comparative analysis of fixed
and flexible automation, providing insights for researchers navigating the intricate
landscape of deploying automated platforms. Image Credit: Tyler R. Donnelly and Rama
El-khawaldeh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_14.txt,groundtruth,6_14.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_3.png,C,Various subnanometric mono/bimetallic clusters are uniformly immobilized in self-pillared MFI zeolite nanosheets via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. These catalysts exhibit an excellent H2 generation rate from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) and record activities in cascade hydrogenation of various nitroarenes by coupling with AB hydrolysis. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_34.txt,sbert,2021_34.txt,"Zeolites are the workhorse in oil refining and petrochemical applications. Single molecule, single turnover sensitive fluorescence microscopy allows studying the reactivity of Brønsted acid sites in zeolite crystals. The observed single turnover kinetics proceeds with significant spatial differences in turnover frequencies at the nanoscale, and with non-correlated temporal fluctuations. See Weckhuysen and co-workers, p 6559. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_32.txt,ave_3,2015_32.txt,"Hierarchically aligned zeolite crystals with tunable a-axis substructures were synthesized by using the dual structure-directing agents, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide. The ordered hierarchical structures enable directional mass transport, resulting in enhanced diffusion, catalytic activity, and stability.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Multilamellar assembly of single-unit-cell zeolite nanosheets is accomplished using a laboratory-designed surfactant that is functionalized with a zeolite structure-directing group. The interlamellar spacing is supported with silica pillars as in pillared clay. The synthetic strategy using a functionalized surfactant may also be suitable for other nanomorphous zeolites. See Ryoo and co-workers, p 4169.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_40.txt,allv2,2010_40.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2025_2.png,D,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,ave_2,2024_12.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.png,C,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_4.txt,allv2,31_4.txt,"On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated
to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical
biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more
excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special
issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the
limits and reaching for the blue skies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/23_12.txt,ave_2,23_12.txt,"On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the
journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to
industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the
editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions.
Cover art by Julie Sung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,"On the cover: Over the last two decades, the Editors of Chemistry & Biology have had the privilege of publishing some of the most exciting chemical biology studies.
This special issue marks the 20th anniversary of Chemistry & Biology's first issue. It includes a collection of Perspectives from some of our past Editors
and reviews on a selection of topics that are currently of high general interest for
the community. The cover features snippets of our past cover layouts and is a tribute
to the staying power of the journal and its place as the first publication dedicated
to featuring investigations in all areas at the interface of chemistry and biology.
Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/21_4.txt,ave_3,21_4.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_96,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_96.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Perception Through In-Hand Manipulation. Similar to how humans can perceive objects through sight and touch, Suresh et al. constructed a framework that uses data gathered from vision and touch to estimate an object’s pose and shape during manipulation. A dexterous multifingered hand equipped with vision-based touch sensors gathers tactile information while rotating an object. The tactile data, along with visual data from a stationary camera, are input into an online neural field that uses simultaneous localization and mapping to output the geometry of the object. The technique can reconstruct novel objects with high precision, even under heavy occlusion. This month’s cover is an image of a multifingered robot equipped with this framework to perceive the pose and shape of a wooden die. Credit: Sudharshan Suresh",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_96.txt,groundtruth,9_96.txt,"ONLINE COVER Developing a Good Eye. Computer vision and robotics share the goal of creating systems that can understand their environments and interact with nearby objects. These systems often learn with data, such as photographs, selected by humans. Ideally, robotic agents would visually scan a scene and then autonomously identify important areas (such as a door frame or table edges). Ramakrishnan et al. used reinforcement learning to train an agent to automatically identify parts of images that allowed it to complete the rest. The authors then added a ""sidekick"" policy with additional data from partial views from different locations. The agent learned exploration behaviors that could be applied to new visual tasks. [CREDIT: SANTHOSH RAMAKRISHNAN/UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS (ROBOT: KIRILL MAKAROV/DREAMSTIME.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/4_30.txt,sbert,4_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Robot Grasping and Manipulation. Considerable progress in robotic grasping has been made in picking and sorting regular objects in controlled environments. Yet, compared with human hands, which are exceptionally skilled at handling and transforming objects of various shapes and sizes, robotic hands remain inferior. For example, grasping and manipulation of soft, free-form objects remains difficult for robots. In this special issue, we seek to achieve better robotic grasping by considering the complex interplay of effective manipulator design, vision, perception (e.g., tactile), multimodal scene understanding, spatial planning, as well as learning and reasoning. This month's cover is a photograph of an unconventional two-fingered dexterous hand, Model W, developed by Bircher et al. that utilizes all surfaces of its fingers and palm for manipulation. Credit: BIRCHER ET ALMAC_Bench/Science ROBOTICS",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_54.txt,allv2,6_54.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,multiBv1,7_68.txt,val
BDJ,237_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_11.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental anxiety, cardiothoracic surgery, and the very first of our new “Review” article type!

Cover image: From 2005. A dentist painting her view from the practice ‘window on the world’, inspired by the selected cover image as an artwork hanging on the surgery wall (original cover by Irfan Ahmad, taken from Vol 199 Issue 4, 27 August 2005). See ‘Behind the new cover series’ written by Stephen in the News and Views section for further explanation.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Irfan Ahmad",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_12.txt,multiBv1,237_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on composite resin restorations, dental anatomy, and chairside learning.

Cover image: From 2008. The cover for this issue focuses on the dental world of 2008 when a significant development was the beginning of mandatory registration for dental care professionals (DCPs) with the General Dental Council. The ‘featured’ historic cover seen by the right hand of the person in this cover is a SEM, a source of images used from time to time as striking and as a literal representation of science as art; an ongoing connection. Published as Volume 204 No 3 on 9 Feb 2008, little did the world suspect that as the year developed so would a financial crisis, the effects and ramifications of which still have echoes to this day.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_10.txt,allv2,237_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,groundtruth,237_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on temporomandibular disorders, monkeypox, and the inclusivity of dental journal teams.

Cover image: Society weaned on colour television saw the 1970s influence the production of scientific images for commercial use. Science and the aesthetic offered public engagement opportunities. Inspired by a cross section of tooth tissue, this illustration captures the tooth’s inner organic terrain, made visible through polarised light. Young children consume water but only some gain resistance to tooth decay. (Coloured pencils and ink.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_6.txt,ave_3,233_6.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_2.png,C,"Efficiency evolution in battery production
Battery production is energy-intensive, and its efficiency is paramount. In a techno-economic analysis, Degen et al. suggest that post-lithium-ion batteries are more efficient to produce than their conventional counterparts, and upcoming technological innovations and evolving market dynamics are poised to further reduce energy consumption.
See Degen et al.
Image: xPACIFICA / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"Battery lifetime from machine learning
Predicting the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries is a challenging yet essential task. Severson et al. develop a machine-learning-based approach that can accurately predict battery lifetime before degradation has taken place, using only early-cycle data.
See Severson et al.
Image: William Chueh, Stanford University, and Younghee Lee, CUBE 3D Graphic. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"Battery longevity from new datasets
The demand for public datasets in battery research is growing as the need for transparent analyses of battery health increases. Jan Figgener and colleagues address this need through an extensive eight-year study of twenty-one lithium-ion battery systems, providing valuable insights into longevity for home storage applications.
See Figgener et al.
Image: CARL RWTH Aachen University. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Batteries at the crossroads
Post lithium-ion battery strategies have long been proposed to achieve higher energy output and longer lifespans than lithium-ion batteries. Despite tremendous research efforts and improvements, questions remain as to whether they will realise their full market potential. In this issue, we highlight important advances in key aspects of fundamental processes in four representative post lithium-ion batteries, which lay foundations for their future development.
See Nature Energy 1, 16147 (2016).
Image: Monty Rakusen/Cultura/Getty.Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_7.png,D,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_6.png,A,"Microscopy image analysis is critical in parasitology research because
it allows researchers to analyze parasite shape, function, and life cycles. Traditional
artificial intelligence (AI) methods often have limitations due to their black-box
nature
and lack of integration with human expert knowledge, which impedes their explainability
and performance. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Feng et al. review the recent
advancements in knowledge-integrated AI models for the analysis of parasite microscopy
images. By incorporating expert knowledge from parasitologists into AI, the resulting
knowledge-integrated models can offer both high accuracy and explainability. This
synergy is especially important in parasitology, where the correct identification
of parasites
is crucial for the treatment and control of the disease. The cover image represents
the
partnership between AI and parasitologists, demonstrating how this paradigm leads
to
better diagnostics and research in parasitology. Image credit: Sen Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_6.txt,groundtruth,40_6.txt,"Volume microscopy is transforming the way we investigate parasites in
three dimensions (3D) and the field is evolving rapidly. Different 3D volume microscopy
techniques allow collection of data across centimetre to Angstrom scales by utilising
light, X-ray, electron, and ion sources. However, it can be difficult for the non-expert
to decipher from the literature exactly what each technique is useful for and how
feasible it is to perform. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Cooper et al. highlight
the strengths and limitations of different 3D techniques with a focus on volume electron
microscopy and how these techniques are advancing parasitology research. The cover
image depicts multiple 3D rendered Trypanosoma copemani (a wildlife trypanosome
that infects Australian marsupials) cells with the subcellular structures and organelles
exposed. The original data was collected using focused ion beam scanning electron
microscopy. Cover credit: Crystal Cooper.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_5.txt,ave_2,39_5.txt,"The cover image uses text produced by ChatGPT when prompted to suggest three major
parasitological challenges to be tackled by 2030. The illustration evokes the imaginary
relentless flow of words on a background image of a trypanosome. ChatGPT, a powerful
language model developed by OpenAI, challenged and divided society ever since its
launch in December 2022. ChatGPT can understand and interpret complex scientific information,
including that related to parasites. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Šlapeta reflects on ChatGPT and AI in general in both science and parasitology education.
By leveraging ChatGPT’s natural language processing capabilities, researchers and
clinicians could potentially develop tools that can assist with, for example, identifi
cation and diagnosis of parasites based on symptoms and other clinical data. Similarly,
ChatGPT is capable to pass some parasitology exams, but more importantly serves as
knowledgeable parasitology assistant to both novices and experts. The cover was illustrated
by Antony Kolenc based on a trypanosome image from Getty Image (Kateryna Kon/Science
Photo Library).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_8.txt,allv2,39_8.txt,"Ever since its invention, imaging technology has played a central role in parasitological
diagnostics and (pre-)clinical research to fill the drug and vaccine development pipeline.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, de Korne et al. discuss the role imaging technology has played so far in parasitology and provide
an outlook of what imaging may bring to the field of parasitology. Migration through
the host is a key characteristic of parasites. To symbolize this, the cover image
shows the migratory paths of schistosomes and Plasmodium parasites, including the different “stations” where these parasites can currently
be imaged. Improvements in the means by which parasites can be tracked on their journey
through the host can provide fundamental insights for rational design and a readout
for testing the efficacy of new antiparasitic strategies. Cover image designed by
Clarize de Korne and Eric Brienen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_10.txt,multiBv1,39_10.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_6.png,D,A 3D-printed low-fluorescence polymer lens enables the efficient collection of single photons from a quantum emitter. The image shows a simulation of the redirection of the light emission from a hBN nanocrystal on a quartz substrate by an elliptical lens.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2023_23.txt,ave_2,2023_23.txt,"We develop a nanoscale photoabsorption imaging technique by combining the high spectral selectivity of laser excitation and high spatial resolution of electron microscopy. Lasers of different wavelengths selectively excite the nanoparticles and produce surface photovoltage, which modulates the secondary electron signal detected. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2021_20.txt,multiBv1,2021_20.txt,"Artist′s impression of the molecular ruler technique based on anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering. The measurements of DNA (shown in the center) labeled at both ends with small gold particles (shown as golden spheres) enable precise determination of distances at the nanometer scale with <0.1 nm resolution (shown conceptually as the ruler in the foreground, marked in nm). The technique reveals detailed information about the investigated macromolecules using X-rays, represented conceptually as the X-ray radiographs of DNA shown in the background. Cover Image by Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2016_4.txt,allv2,2016_4.txt,"Structured light beams are scattered by a suspension of high-Z nanoparticles before hitting the detector, illustrating their production of dark-field image contrast via X-ray scattering using a 2D-beam tracking approach.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_6.png,B,"The interplay of cancer genetics and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex.
Two sides of a same coin. Yin and Yang. An integrated view of this relationship will
help design more effective therapies for local and metastatic cancers. On pages 495–504
in this issue, Tauriello and Batlle discuss approaches to target the TME ecosystem
of poor-prognosis colorectal cancer (CRC); and on pages 505–518, Fessler and Medema
review the consensus molecular subgroups of CRC and impact on personalized therapy.
Image by Jakarin2521/iStock, design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_4.txt,ave_2,2_4.txt,"As each cancer is associated with unique microbiomes, bacteria is
becoming an attractive tool in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Engineered live
bacterial therapeutics are being employed to detect cancer as well as being modified
to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. In this issue, Siguenza et al. review the latest in the
use of engineered bacterial therapeutics for detecting and treating colorectal cancer.
Cover designed by Thom Leach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_6.txt,groundtruth,10_6.txt,"Host microbiota influence both cancer incidence and therapeutic responsiveness, challenging
the view that tumors depend on intrinsic properties. In this issue, Sholl et al. evaluate the utility of cancer-associated microbiota in patient diagnosis, prognosis,
and treatment by discussing its role in cancer development and its use as a biomarker
and therapeutic. Cover image represents the complexity of the microbial ecosystem.
Cover image designed by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from Gettyimages/KajaNi,
Gettyimages/DivVector, Gettyimages/MariyaII.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_12.txt,allv2,8_12.txt,"Nanomedicine is poised to revolutionize cancer theranostics. However,
nanoengineered materials need to overcome a variety of biophysical and physiological
barriers intrinsic to the tumor microenvironment, before reaching and acting on their
target. In this issue, Mendes et al. review nanotechnology-based strategies to target
and modulate the tumor microenvironment. Cover image designed by Sousa, Mendes,
Conniot, and Conde.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_4.txt,ave_3,7_4.txt,val
Macromolecules,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_5.png,D,"A new concept of intramolecular cyclization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly (ICI-CDSA) is proposed based on an amorphous polymer, which can generate flower-shaped nanostructures with high crystallinity and controlled petal numbers and other morphologies. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_1.txt,multiBv1,2020_1.txt,"The memory of the previous crystalline state that enhances recrystallization kinetics through self-nucleation is well-known in polymer crystallization. Nevertheless, the exact constitution of self-nuclei is unknown. Here, we provide recent insights gained by a multitechnique approach on the nature of melt memory effects. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_13.txt,allv2,2020_13.txt,Polyacetals spaced by long ethylene sequences develop two major layered crystalline polymorphs: a kinetically favored phase (form I) with a low energy barrier and form II with a much higher energy barrier that develops in a higher temperature range. In the narrow range where both forms overlap (< 1 °C) the competition in nucleation and growth at the boundary between both forms is so strong that crystallization is basically suppressed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_7.txt,ave_2,2020_7.txt,An autoencoder-based classifier recognizes early crystalline nuclei formed during a molecular dynamics cooling cycle. The decision boundary between crystalline and amorphous phases is identified autonomously within the conformation space,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Molecular Cell,85_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Cell/85_4.png,B,"On the cover: A flood of discoveries expanding not only the different classes of regulatory
RNAs but also revealing a variety of distinct regulatory roles has changed how we
think about these nucleic acids and their biological functions. From their ability
to base pair with other nucleic acids and serve as scaffolds for protein complexes
to their dynamic structure and catalytic activity, the properties of RNAs make them
ideal regulatory molecules. Our knowledge of the diversity of these RNA-based mechanisms
continues to grow, as does our understanding of the critical pathways and processes
they impact. This image depicts some of these RNAs—thermosensors, tRNAs, and riboswitches—showing
them emerging from the background as central regulatory elements, making an indelible
stamp on molecular biology. Cover art by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/43_1.txt,ave_3,43_1.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_4.txt,groundtruth,85_4.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_1.txt,allv2,85_1.txt,"On the cover: RNA modifications decorate RNA molecules, changing their physico-chemical
properties. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are heavily modified, with more than 200 modified
sites annotated in human rRNAs. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Milenkovic et al. systematically survey the rRNA modification patterns in development, differentiation,
and disease, finding that they represent epitranscriptomic fingerprints of their cells
and tissues of origin. These fingerprints can be used to predict developmental stages,
tissues, cell types, and cancer from as few as 250 reads. Cover artwork by Queralt
Tolosa (https://www.queralttolosa.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Cell/85_3.txt,ave_1,85_3.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_3.png,B,"On the cover: Plants are constantly exposed to diverse and dynamic microbial communities
as well as changing environmental conditions. To combat these challenges, plants have
evolved a sophisticated immune system to mediate plant-microbe interactions and promote
plant survival and fitness. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe is comprised of four review articles that provide timely updates on plant immunity
and plant-microbe interactions. The reviews in this issue discuss the involvement
of phytohormones in plant immunity and pathogen evasion (163–172), how structural
insights are revolutionizing our understanding of plant response to pathogen attack
(193–201), the role of small RNAs in plant-microbe interactions (173–182), and how
extrinsic abiotic factors including the changing environment impact plant immunity
and response to microbes (183–192). The cover image is from istockphoto.com and serves to illustrate how several discrete layers of protection are essential
to keep plants healthy and safe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/26_5.txt,multiBv1,26_5.txt,"On the cover: A devoted mother plant. It is unknown why most plant viruses are not
seed-transmissible or have very low transmission rates. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Liu and Ding reveal strong immunosuppression of virus seed transmission in plants by antiviral
RNAi. The authors further show how plants program an antiviral response that is insufficient
to block virus systemic infection in the mother plant but ensures production of virus-free
offspring seedlings from the seeds of infected mother plants. This focus issue of
Cell Host & Microbe also includes a series of reviews on fungi. Here, MacAlpine and Lionakis examine
host and fungal factors involved in vulvovaginal Candidiasis susceptibility, Hill
and Round discuss fungal-host interactions in health, while Sivarajan and Klein review
fungal immunity and difficulties in fungal vaccine development. The cover image depicts
a virus-proof shield (RNAi+) built by mother plants to inhibit seed infection, thereby
preventing virus vertical transmission. Artwork by Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_3.txt,groundtruth,32_3.txt,"On the cover: The host employs a wide range of innate defense molecules and mechanisms
to counteract viruses. Several articles and reviews in this issue highlight the role
of such host innate antiviral defense molecules and mechanisms, including RNA interference
(Seo et al., pp. 435–445, and Cullen et al., pp. 374–378), interferon-induced MxB
protein (Liu et al., pp. 398–410, and preview by Haller), the triphosphohydrolase
SAMHD1 (Sze et al., pp. 422–434), APOBEC3 family deaminases (Ooms et al., pp. 411–421),
intracellular lipids (Schoggins and Randall, pp. 379–385), and NK cells (Li et al.,
pp. 387–397, and preview by Quintin and Levitz). Represented on the cover is an illustration
of the concept of host innate defense to viral infection. Cover image from iStockhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/14_3.txt,ave_3,14_3.txt,"On the cover: Pathogens and their hosts are engaged in an ever-evolving arms race.
While plants evolved an RNAi-based strategy to defend against invading pathogens,
some pathogens have developed mechanisms to block this resistance. In this issue of
Cell Host & Microbe, Hou et al. (pp. 153–165) describe a defense/counter-defense interplay between the
fungal pathogen Phytophthora and its plant host. Upon infection, Arabidopsis produces specific secondary siRNAs to target Phytophthora mRNAs. However, this defense
is counteracted by a Phytophthora effector, which enters plant cells to specifically suppress the trans-kingdom RNAi.
The cover shows a personified illustration of a host-pathogen arms race, as depicted
by soldiers in battle with a silent counterattack emerging from below. Artwork by
Dr. Wenrong He.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/25_6.txt,allv2,25_6.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_3.png,C,"In vivo analysis of human α-cell function
Tellez et al. generate an immunocompromised mouse model that lacks glucagon and use it to study transplanted human islets from people with or without diabetes, thus providing insight into human α-cell function.
See Tellez et al.
Image: Xueying Gu and Seung Kim. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Protective progenitors
Zhang et al. identify functionally distinct adipose progenitor subpopulations in mouse perigonadal adipose tissue, and go on to show that altering the adipogenic capacity of such progenitors has beneficial effects on metabolic health in adulthood. The cover image depicts a haematoxylin and eosin stain of a transverse section of the mouse gonadal region three days after birth.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Qianbin Zhang, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,"Humans lacking GDF15
Humans lacking GDF15 have no overt phenotype, are fertile, and have healthy pregnancies. This finding has potential implications for the development of GDF15-targeting drugs, such as in the context of hyperemesis gravidarum or cachexia. The image depicts humans standing in the shape of a DNA molecule.
See Gurtan et al.
Image: Boris SV / Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"From gene variants to disease mechanisms
A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight disrupts the cortical actin cytoskeleton in subcutaneous adipocytes, which results in decreased adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The image depicts differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and cortical F-actin (yellow).
See Glunk et al.
Image: Phil Kubitz, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_1.png,C,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"The cover art depicts a ball-point conductive pen based on high-performance carbon nanoconductive ink that can draw electronic circuits at will. The conductive pen can quickly and conveniently draw electronic circuits or sensors on the surfaces of flexible substrates or irregular substrates, providing a solution that other printing technologies cannot achieve: rapid printing on uneven substrate surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,The cover art depicts the porous nitrogen-doped carbon film electrode by carbonizing the ZIF-8/cotton composite fabric and its application in flexible supercapacitors. The ZIF-8-derived carbon layer promotes the capacitive performance. Such an electrode can be integrated into wearable systems as a power source.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2021_8.txt,ave_2,2021_8.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_2.png,C,"The cover depicts magnetic couplings between redox-active transition metal centers in typical intercalation-type battery electrodes, which lead to characteristic electron spin and magnetic properties. Such properties can be probed as the battery operates using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetometry and provide insight into the crystal and electronic structure, composition, defect chemistry, and working principles of rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,"The electronic and ionic behavior of solid electrolyte interphase and mixed conducting interphase at the interfaces of Li metal anodes are illustrated. The review describes the features of these interfaces and the feasible fabrication of a composite electrode with prestored Li metal and rational ionic and electronic networks. An interface with extraordinary stability is critically required to render a rapid electron or ion transfer, finally realizing a uniform deposition of Li metal and superior cycling performance of Li metal batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,Network analysis reveals the trends of interfacial reactivity of all-solid-state batteries and offers the guiding principles of interface design.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Successful realization of fast charging in solid-state batteries requires overcoming fundamental challenges pertaining to electro-chemo-mechanics interaction, interface evolution, and kinetic-transport dichotomy. In this Perspective, we highlight the implications of plating-stripping crosstalk, metallic filament growth, cathode microstructure, and interphase formation and identify critical design factors that can modulate the underlying mechanistic coupling and cross-correlations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_3.txt,allv2,2021_3.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.png,D,"In 2004, Nature Medicine enters its tenth year of publication, continuing our mission to serve the biomedical research community as the venue for top-flight primary research articles, news and perspectives. The cover image commemorates our anniversary year with a collage of covers spanning our publication history. (Graphic by Lewis Long)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/10_12.txt,ave_3,10_12.txt,"Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in medical research
In this issue, Nature Medicine is launching a Series on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in medical research. The first installment brings a perspective on the role of funders in addressing the continued lack of diversity in science and medicine in the United States, and an overview of how governmental, societal and philanthropic stakeholders are approaching lack of diversity and inequalities in their research programs.
See Series on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion [https://www.nature.com/collections/hbifidcdbe]
Image credit: Gettyimages. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/27_2.txt,multiBv1,27_2.txt,"Focus on Building Healthy Populations
There has been tremendous improvement in human health over the past century, but new threats and growing inequalities have emerged. This Focus issue presents a variety of news, opinions, reviews and original research studies on critical areas and challenges that must be addressed in order to build healthy communities, with special consideration given to the unique needs of younger and older people. The cover depicts planet Earth as a puzzle in progress, with the pieces representing diverse global populations.
Image: aelitta / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/29_6.txt,allv2,29_6.txt,"Series on Women’s Health
In this issue, Nature Medicine launches a Series on Women’s Health throughout the life course. Women’s health remains underserved by the medical research community, and the impacts of sex differences and sociocultural factors on the health and wellbeing of women are rarely considered. The first installment of this Series presents a Perspective calling for a life-course approach to the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases in women.
See Series
Image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_12.txt,groundtruth,30_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_381,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_381.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that highlights research into the molecular changes that occur in cells in response to therapy. This knowledge may improve clinical strategies, particularly for aggressive breast and skin cancers. The image shows an artist's portrayal of breast cancer. [Image: Raycat/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_318.txt,sbert,7_318.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,multiBv1,2007_400.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that identifies a promising therapeutic for patients with colorectal cancer. The drug SSTC3 inhibited the growth of WNT-driven intestinal tumors with minimal toxicity because of differential abundance of its target, the kinase CK1α, in the tumor and the healthy epithelium. The image is hemotoxylin- and eosin-stained intestinal tissue from mice. [Image: Bin Li, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/10_485.txt,allv2,10_485.txt,"COVER This week features an Editorial Guide on new approaches to cancer therapy, as well as two Perspectives and a Review. The image depicts colon cancer progression. [Image: Adapted from an image from the National Cancer Institute; Terese Winslow (copyright 2005), U.S. Govt. has certain rights]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_381.txt,groundtruth,2007_381.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/8_1.png,A,"Sustainable rice farming in South Asia
The overuse of nitrogen fertilizer in the production of rice can have detrimental environmental effects. With a large dataset from more than 31,000 farmer fields in South Asia, Coggins and colleagues identify pathways optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in rice cropping systems across the region.
See Coggins et al.
Image: Arunabh Bhattacharjee / Alamy Stock. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Food and energy co-production
Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production.
See Miskin et al.
Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"Air pollution from maize production
Agriculture sustains humanity but impacts the environment. This study finds that air pollution from maize production leads to 4,300 premature deaths annually in the United States, akin to US$39 billion in damages, and causes climate-change damages of US$4.9 billion.
See Hill et al.
Image: David Hansen, University of Minnesota. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_8.txt,ave_3,2_8.txt,"Optimal cropland use
Rising food demand and the rising land use and environmental ills of agriculture are clashing. Folberth and colleagues find that locating crops and applying fertilizers optimally could reduce required cropland globally by about half.
See Folberth et al.
Image: Frans lemmens / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_9.txt,allv2,3_9.txt,train
Cell Systems,16_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/16_1.png,C,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_2.txt,allv2,16_2.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence micrograph of an iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte stained
for α-actinin (antibody staining in green) and for the nucleus (DAPI staining in blue),
imaged using DeltaVision Elite microscope—brightness and contrast of the image have
been altered for artistic effect. In this issue of Cell Systems, Peter Sorger and colleagues (412–426) interrogate cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase
inhibitors that are commonly used to combat cancer. They phenotypically profile iPSC-derived
cardiomyocytes using transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional assays to measure
glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, and they find that cardiac metabolism is
sensitive to these inhibitors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_1.txt,groundtruth,16_1.txt,"On the cover: Pulses of ERK activity in drug-adapted melanoma cells shown as a heatmap
on an oil-on-canvas painting. In this issue of Cell Systems, Gerosa et al. (478–494) show that BRAF– mutant melanoma cells survive targeted inhibition
of oncogenic MAPK signaling via brief pulses of ERK phosphorylation by transmembrane
receptors. In the painting, rows show ERK activity in 20 individual cells and columns
time points (duration: 2 hours). The white and red colors indicate low and high ERK
activity, respectively. Red patches show spontaneous bursts of ERK activity swiping
throughout the melanoma cell population to sustain non-genetic drug resistance. The
painting “Pulses of Persistence” is by Peter Arvidson (https://peterarvidson.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/11_2.txt,ave_2,11_2.txt,train
BDJ,237_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_1.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,multiBv1,233_12.txt,"Farewell Stephen Hancocks!
This issue features articles on clinical audit, non-healing extraction socket, and the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale.

Cover image: From 2022. For this issue, the cover celebrated is one of Stephen Hancocks’ favourites, a pop art style cover published in Volume 233 Issue 10 (25 November 2022). It was part of a series of covers celebrating 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. To mark Stephen’s 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief, the editorial team and cover artist decided to create a commemorative final cover featuring Stephen himself in pop art style. He smiles from behind a small mountain of journals while humbly accepting applause for his years of leadership.

Thank you Stephen for your 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief of the BDJ, and congratulations on your retirement. We will all miss Stephen, as a colleague, editor, advisor and friend – team meetings will never be the same!
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_1.txt,groundtruth,237_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate.

Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting!
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_7.txt,sbert,237_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental anxiety, cardiothoracic surgery, and the very first of our new “Review” article type!

Cover image: From 2005. A dentist painting her view from the practice ‘window on the world’, inspired by the selected cover image as an artwork hanging on the surgery wall (original cover by Irfan Ahmad, taken from Vol 199 Issue 4, 27 August 2005). See ‘Behind the new cover series’ written by Stephen in the News and Views section for further explanation.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Irfan Ahmad",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_12.txt,allv2,237_12.txt,val
ACS Energy Letters,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_4.png,A,"CO2 electrolysis offers a sustainable path to generate chemicals and fuels from contaminant greenhouse gas and clean energy, and thus, to displace fossil fuels and to reduce the global carbon footprint. Several initiatives are scaling up CO2 electroreduction technology into large implementations targeting different end-products, from chemical precursors for manufacturing to jet fuels.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into various value-added chemicals is of great importance to the sustainable development of society. This Perspective highlights the recent applications of in situ infrared spectroscopy in deepening the understanding of the electrochemical interface in CO2 reduction reaction at the molecular level. Reaction intermediates and pathways, the role of electrolytes, and the catalysts' structural and compositional effects on the product selectivity in CO2 reduction reaction are summarized. It also discusses the opportunities and challenges facing this technique.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_10.txt,allv2,2019_10.txt,"Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added chemicals using renewable electricity is promising to mitigate global warming and the energy crisis. Benefiting from the scalability in two dimensions and the molecular adjustability, atomically thin two-dimensional solids are considered as an ideal model system to understand the catalytic mechanism at the atomic scale. This Perspective highlights the major advantages of atomically thin 2D solids for electrochemical CO2 reduction and the surface modification strategies to tailor the reactivity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_10.txt,sbert,2018_10.txt,"The cover shows a highly efficient process termed electrochemical dry reforming of methane (EDRM), using novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) reactors. It produces electrical power and syngas with little or zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, it is a viable pathway to simultaneously address the issues associated with clean energy sources and environmental pollution. This approach successfully achieves three milestones: (1) GHG utilization, (2) generation of electricity, and (3) production of value-added products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2017_5.txt,ave_3,2017_5.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_11.png,C,"Flavin-hybridized, carbon nanotube photoelectrodes generate hydrogen peroxide in situ to promote peroxygenase catalysis. When tethered on carbon nanotubes under visible light illumination, flavins allow for a marked anodic shift of the oxygen reduction potential.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2017_10.txt,allv2,2017_10.txt,Aqueous reduction of biomass-derived oxygenated compounds via magnetically induced catalysis was accomplished with core-shell FeCo@Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_11.txt,ave_2,2022_11.txt,The surface curvature of mildly oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes impacts the oxygen reduction performance activity toward H2O2 synthesis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Modulation of the electrode interface microenvironment directly impacts the performance of CO2 reduction. A stable surface hydroxylation environment was successfully created by capping gluconic acid, as a freshly oxidized product of glucose, on a newly formed Cu2O catalyst surface to enhance *CO adsorption and thus the formation of C2+ products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_1.txt,multiBv1,2023_1.txt,val
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_10.png,D,Graphical representation of the skin penetration-promoting effect of nanoparticles for drug delivery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_8.txt,multiBv1,2023_8.txt,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,"The fireflies-inspired cover art represents breast cancer imaging with 89Zr-labeled trastuzumab upon antibody binding to HER2 receptors in cells depleted of hyaluronan. Trastuzumab is represented with fireflies, thistles represent tumor ells, and HER2 receptors and hyaluronan are pink and blue structures in the tumor cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_12.txt,ave_3,2020_12.txt,This image represents a painting of a monolayer of lymphatic endothelial cells stained with VE-cadherin and DAPI containing fluorescent nanoparticles. The original painting was created by Shae Shortt. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.png,C,"Towards diversity in AI oncology applications, inspired by the Perspective on p628.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_5.txt,sbert,21_5.txt,"A focus on oropharyngeal cancer, inspired by the Review on p306.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_8.txt,multiBv1,19_8.txt,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,allv2,21_3.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_6.png,A,"Zooming in on small island states
Small island states and territories are not only vulnerable to climate change but are also leaders in international climate negotiations and in adapting to changing environments. In this issue, we feature a Viewpoint that highlights research conducted on different island states and territories around the world and a Comment and Correspondence that propose ways forward to better understand climate change impacts and to translate research into action on large ocean islands.
See Viewpoint , Evans et al. and Leal Filho et al.
Image: Universal Images Group North America LLC / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_6.txt,groundtruth,14_6.txt,"Considering the poor and vulnerable
Climate impact models have a limited ability to represent risks to the poor and vulnerable. Wider adoption of best practices and new model features that incorporate social heterogeneity and different policy mechanisms are needed to address this shortcoming.
See Nature Climate Change  7 , 857–862 (2017).
Image: Zacharie Rabehi/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_1.txt,ave_1,7_1.txt,"Measuring adaptation progress
Roads and paths formerly lined with cacti are now buried under the sand in the desert regions of southern Madagascar. The hunger season, which usually ends in April, is becoming more critical each year; three consecutive years of drought have severely affected harvests and access to food. These and other impacts of climate change are being felt across the world, making effective adaptation critical. Writing in this issue, Berrang-Ford et al. take stock of the scientific literature on implemented adaptation, finding that it is mostly local and incremental, with evidence lacking for its impact on reducing risk.
See Berrang-Ford et al. and News & Views by Nalau
Image: Ainga Razafy/MSF. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_2.txt,allv2,11_2.txt,"A need for small-scale models
Small-scale processes are essential for many aspects of the climate system, but they are currently not well represented in models. In this issue, we present two Comments that call for a leap in the resolution of climate models. Julia Slingo and co-authors argue that ambitious international collaboration is needed in order to achieve kilometre-scale modelling. Similarly, Helene Hewitt and colleagues explain that small-scale ocean currents are crucial to understand the impacts of climate change on the ocean and coastal ice.
See Slingo et al. and Hewitt et al.
Image: KARSTEN SCHNEIDER / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_7.txt,multiBv1,12_7.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_5.png,B,"Cutting down on phospholipids
iDePP is a synthetic system designed to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, a low-abundance lipid involved in development, immunity and reproduction. Formed by fusion of the phosphatase domain of a Drosophila enzyme and a fluorescent protein, it is artificially targeted to the plasma membrane.
See Doumane, M. et al.
Image: Marie-Cécile Caillaud, ENS Lyon. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/7_8.txt,sbert,7_8.txt,"Beating the bounds
Membranes host, modulate and coordinate a multitude of cellular activities. Different proteins are localized to different cell membranes, and domains within them, such as RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 4, which is found at cell edges and particularly at corners.
See Jaillais et al.
Image: Liam Elliot, ENS de Lyon. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_5.txt,groundtruth,10_5.txt,"Passing on protection
Developing embryos are supplied with maternally produced compounds, including glucosinolate defence compounds. To cross the four intervening cellular barriers requires plasma membrane-located exporters (such as UMAMIT29, labelled in green) and importers in maternal and embryonic tissues.
See Sanden et al.
Image: Niels Christian Holm Sanden, University of Copenhagen. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_12.txt,allv2,10_12.txt,"Pore relations
The heterodimer of SPEECHLESS and SCREAM directs differentiation of stomata on the plant epidermis, which facilitate gas exchange while minimizing water loss. Without SCREAM’s recruitment of inhibitory MAP kinases, all cells in the epidermis become stomata.
See Putarjunan, A. et al.
Image: Putarjunan, A. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/5_6.txt,ave_3,5_6.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2025_2.png,A,"This Special Issue entitled “3D Printing Technologies for Environmental and Water Applications” highlights the diverse applications of 3D printing technologies in environmental sectors. Owing to their exceptional efficiency, flexible structures, and ease of recovery, 3D-printed catalysts hold significant potential for addressing practical challenges in real-world water environments. The cover artwork was created using OpenAI.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,This Review provides coverage of the latest developments in the applications of hydrogels for heavy metal ion removal and recovery from water. The existing problems and solutions for hydrogel applications in wastewater are evaluated and discussed. The work informs future research to optimize hydrogel design for real wastewater treatment.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_8.txt,ave_2,2021_8.txt,"The coating and deposition of Fe–Mn bimetallic oxides on α-Al2O3 membrane base enable a reactive catalytic surface for fouling mitigation, achieving robust cleaning efficiency of effluent organic matter (EfOM) foulants for wastewater reclamation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_6.txt,ave_3,2022_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_7.png,C,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.txt,ave_3,26_2.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"‘Iron-dependent cell death’, inspired by the Review on p424
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"‘Cell death in the Iron Age’ (ferroptosis), inspired by the Review on p266
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_9.txt,allv2,22_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.png,B,"Viruses and virus-like particles can be repurposed as tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy to elicit anti-tumour immunity and induce systemic anti-tumour responses at distant non-injected sites. See Anthony O. Omole et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,"Single-cell RNA sequencing techniques and analysis methods can help improve our understanding of tissue injury responses and inform the design of new regenerative biomaterials and therapeutics. See Anna Ruta et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_11.txt,groundtruth,2_11.txt,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_10.png,B,"Plasmonic (photo)electrochemical approaches are potentially promising to manage the nitrogen cycle through the interconversion of N2 and water (hydrogen and oxygen source) to nitrogen-containing fuels and fertilizers. This is accomplished by integrating a renewably derived electricity system (e.g., photovoltaic (PV)) to an electrochemical cell or by designing a single photoelectrochemical (PEC) device.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2021_2.txt,ave_3,2021_2.txt,"-cleaning ability can be motivated through meticulous optimization (pruning, fertilizing, and watering), thereby boosting the cycle life and vitality (capacity) of the tree of the Li–S battery. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Rational design of high energy density lithium-based batteries is critical to their real application. The cover depicts the transition from anion redox in a lithium oxygen battery and partial cationic and anionic redox in a lithium ion battery to pure oxygen redox in a closed lithium ion battery. See article by Khalil Amine, Jun Lu and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00104).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_5.txt,allv2,2020_5.txt,"Synchrotron-based X-ray spectro-microscopy offers the capability of noninvasive investigation of battery particle morphological and chemical evolution under operating conditions. The development of state-of-the-art experimental capability and novel scientific data mining methods synergistically advances mesoscale battery science. See the article by Yijin Liu and co-authors, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00123. Cover art by Yu Zhong.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_3.txt,multiBv1,2018_3.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.png,C,"In the warfare between bacteria and their viruses, the role of small molecules has
been mostly overlooked. The cover image shows a schematic depiction of small antiphage
molecules secreted by Streptomyces mycelium (bottom) conferring protection against phage infection at the multicellular
level. In this issue, Hardy et al. summarize the current knowledge about antiphage molecules produced by bacteria and
outline future directions for this rapidly expanding field. Image courtesy: Verena
Resch, Innophore.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_13.txt,sbert,31_13.txt,"To celebrate 30 years of Trends in Microbiology, we have put
together a special issue on emerging pathogen defense mechanisms. The articles
in this collection discuss recent developments surrounding pathways that bacteria,
viruses, and fungi utilize to subvert host antimicrobial responses and enhance their
pathogenicity. In addition, this collection provides insights on targeting the players
involved in the microbial defense arsenal. The cover schematic is representative
of existing host defense systems (blue padlocks) being subverted (red padlock
showing a security breach). Image courtesy: NicoElNino, iStock/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_2.txt,ave_2,31_2.txt,"Phages have evolved anti-defence systems (ADSs) to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms, forming complex antagonistic interactions with bacterial
defence systems. This cover image uses a chessboard as a visual metaphor for
how phage populations evolve layers of anti-defence strategies to evade bacterial
defence mechanisms. The floating elements next to the bacterial and phage pieces
symbolise “the moves” they can make to combat one and other – molecular
mechanisms they utilise. The cover illustrates some examples of those molecular
mechanisms (phage pieces and machinery are in grey, bacterial are in orange). For
instance, bacterial restriction-modification system (enzymes with cloud-like shape)
cleaves unmodified phage DNA, but phages evade the recognition by modifying
DNA; bacterial retron Ec78 cleaves endogenous tRNA-Tyr (yellow), preventing phage
protein translation, but phages overcome translation shutdown by encoding their
tRNA-Tyr, enabling their replication. In this issue, Murtazalieva and colleagues discuss
these and many other ADSs and their interplay with bacterial defence systems.
Image courtesy: Khalimat Murtazalieva, Aleksandra Petrovskaya, Abhishek Rawat,
Robert Finn.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"To celebrate 30 years of Trends in Microbiology, we have put
together a special issue on emerging pathogen defense mechanisms. The articles
in this collection discuss recent developments surrounding pathways that bacteria,
viruses, and fungi utilize to subvert host antimicrobial responses and enhance their
pathogenicity. In addition, this collection provides insights on targeting the players
involved in the microbial defense arsenal. The cover schematic is representative
of existing host defense systems (blue padlocks) being subverted (red padlock
showing a security breach). Image courtesy: NicoElNino, iStock/Getty Images Plus",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_1.txt,allv2,31_1.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_1.png,C,"Electrochemistry permeates the undergraduate chemistry curriculum; thus, learning electrochemical analysis and techniques is critical for students to develop conceptual understanding and gain practical skills. Researchers use electrochemistry to analyze a variety of systems extending from molecules to materials that encompass research themes ranging from clean energy to substrate activation in biological systems. In ""Introduction to Electrochemistry and the Use of Electrochemistry to Synthesize and Evaluate Catalysts for Water Oxidation and Reduction"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00230), Samuel J. Hendel and Elizabeth R. Young describe a lab to familiarize students with electrochemistry as well as quantitative electrochemical characterization and analysis. Students are introduced to the fundamentals of experimental electrochemistry using the ferricyanide/ferrocyanide redox couple as a model system (shown on the cover). Students then conduct electrochemical analyses of the water electrolysis reaction and identify catalysts for both hydrogen and oxygen generation in the reductive and oxidative half-reactions, respectively. These experiments are discussed in the context of clean energy storage to promote the connection of the teaching laboratory to real-world applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_2.txt,multiBv1,2016_2.txt,"""STArt! teaching Science Through Art"" by Susana Maria Halpine discusses a program using an artist-in-residence format that provides in-service classroom presentations for grades one through twelve, based on content standards and teacher input. Molecular visualization is taught using narrative discussions, handheld models, visualization software, and art workshops. The third-grade workshop topics range from chlorophyll to fuel cells. In the foreground, third graders from the Coeur d'Alene Avenue Elementary School in Venice, California look under the hood of a fuel-cell powered car. The background artwork shows a ""Rainbow Limousine Fuel Cell Car"", designed by a third-grade student as part of a ""Cars of the Future"" workshop, and ""Water Molecules in Rain Drops"", drawn by a third-grade student as part of a ""Molecules in the Food Chain"" workshop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2004_3.txt,sbert,2004_3.txt,"In ""Using Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to Teach Chemical Concepts of Thermodynamics"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00680), Daisuke Kajiya demonstrates the use of aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate in simple experiments with common equipment to help strengthen students' understanding of thermodynamics. Topics covered include the ideal gas law, the van't Hoff equation, Gibbs energy, pH change, chemical equilibrium, and pattern formation (as featured on the cover). These activities were successfully used with first-year and second-year undergraduate nonscience majors to study various basic principles of chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_1.txt,groundtruth,2021_1.txt,"Imploding Soda Cans. In his article, Jack F. Eichler describes a guided-inquiry exercise conducted in the lecture and laboratory components of a college introductory chemistry course for non-science majors. Students independently determine the relationship between the temperature of water in an aluminum soda can and the intensity of implosion upon placing the can in ice water. Collaborative groups create hypotheses, design the corresponding experiments, and complete the laboratory data collection. This exercise integrates activities in the lecture and laboratory, fosters student interest in chemistry, and immerses the students in the process of scientific inquiry. A QuickTime movie of the imploding can shown on the cover is available.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/1986_9.txt,allv2,1986_9.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_6.png,A,"Methylthioninium (MT+), the oxidized form of methylene blue (MB), catalyzes the formation of a disulfide bond in tau protein using O2, independently of its redox cycle. The presence of a disulfide bond interferes with the aggregation of tau protein. Under oxidative stress in the brain, MT+ could induce the disulfide bonds of tau proteins. This cover graphic was created by a free-to-use online AI image creator, Playground AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"In a sea of possible reactions, carbon dioxide as a transient protecting group helps to improve the productivity of a regioselective γ-arylation of cinnamylamines catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles in a directed Mizoroki–Heck reaction or diarylation of terminal allylamines. There is no need for additional protection/deprotection steps, making it faster than the competition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_12.txt,allv2,2021_12.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_2.png,B,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,"Beneath the blazing sun, the guardian deity of agriculture wields the sacred sickle-shaped tool, TMS5, which removes cP from the cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs accumulated in rice, thereby safeguarding its fertility. In contrast, the rice left beyond his reach, burdened with cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs, remains sterile. See page 763–775 by Bin Yan et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,Nüwa is a mother godness in Chinese culture who molded humans with yellow clay. The clay models show the 46 chromosomes in each cell of human body. A complete genome of a male Han Chinese with all 46 chromosomes assembled at telomere-to-telomere level is presented. See page 745–761 by Chentao Yang et al. for details. The image is credited to Cheng Guo and Huifang Xiao.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_3.txt,ave_2,33_3.txt,"The phylogenetic tree covering 251 different varieties of rice form a badge together with the ear of rice consisting of rice grains in different colors. This badge pattern is the epitome of the work that rice super pan-genome from large natural populations captures genetic diversity and reveals genomic complexity. Meanwhile, it can be seen as a tribute to our ancestors who created the iconic terraces (illustrated in paper cut style) in rice farming civilization for their wisdom and diligence. Cover art is contributed by Zisong Ma. See page 878–896 by Lianguang Shang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_3.txt,allv2,32_3.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_9.png,D,"This research shows the high efficacy of wet ball milling for modifying rice starch structure and pasting behavior, which is insightful for designing cost-effective mechanical processes for rice starch-based foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2021_8.txt,allv2,2021_8.txt,Sourdough fermentation combined with the compound improvers significantly improved the baking performance of whole wheat bread. The potential mechanisms of quality improvement revealed in this study may be enlightening for the development of other functional bread aimed at balancing nutrition and sensory quality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_8.txt,ave_2,2022_8.txt,"Bigels made with food-grade ingredients were developed. Glycerol monostearate (GMS)-based oleogel and gelatin-based hydrogel were used to form the bigels, which were then applied to deliver lipophilic (curcumin) and hydrophilic (epigallocatechin gallate) functional ingredients simultaneously. The knowledge obtained in this study was expected to provide theoretical support and build a scientific basis for the development of new functional foods.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_7.txt,ave_3,2022_7.txt,Controlling the postprandial glucose spike by increasing the rich starch crystallinity and lowering the starch digestion rate of rice-based fermented foods using a combination of heat treatment and hydrocolloid addition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.png,A,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"'Super-antibodies' by Simon Bradbrook, inspired by the Review on p297.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/18_8.txt,ave_3,18_8.txt,"Antibody-dependent Enhancement, inspired by the Review on p6.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,"‘Antibody diversification’, inspired by the Review on 355
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_7.txt,ave_2,19_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_410,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_410.png,C,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, in conjunction with Science's Special Issue on Cell Signaling, features an Editorial Guide, three Perspectives, and a Research Article that highlight the network properties of signaling pathways. The image is an artist's rendition of signaling networks rendered as electronic digital circuits and was inspired by the Research Article by Abdi et al. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_42.txt,multiBv1,1_42.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Science Signaling publishes a Focus Issue that complements the Science Special Issue on Glia. Highlights include a Research Article by Fan et al. on mechanisms by which glial-derived brain cancer resists drugs, a Perspective by Ballanyi et al. on how astrocytes participate in regulating breathing, and a Teaching Resource by and Podcast interview with R. D. Fields. The image shows glial cells (green and red) and neurons (blue) from a rat hippocampal culture. [Image: Jonathan Cohen, Nervous Systems Development and Plasticity Section, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_147.txt,allv2,3_147.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Decision-Making, highlights cellular decision-making events (see the Editorial Guide). The image depicts a neuronal stem cell and its potential fates of a glia or a neuron. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_410.txt,groundtruth,2007_410.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that complements the Science Special Issue on Computational Biology. The conceptual image represents the idea that many cellular processes and signaling networks can be described as circuits. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_220.txt,sbert,5_220.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.png,A,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,groundtruth,3_2.txt,"In this Review, Bonanno et al. describe multiple outcome trajectories following adversity and consider how the different components of regulatory flexibility can promote resilience.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"In this Perspective, Fried et al. argue that limited progress in understanding, predicting, and treating depression despite a wealth of empirical research stems from issues in the methodological and theoretical foundations of depression measurement.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_7.txt,sbert,1_7.txt,"In this Review, Bell et al. describe current VR-based treatments for mental health conditions and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,train
Organometallics,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_2.png,A,"This cover art is a concise and retro-artistic representation of our research, a synthesis using high-pressure nitrogen. In this work, we have succeeded for the first time in analyzing the single crystal structure of a dinitrogen complex, [Cr(PCy3)2(CO)3(N2)], which has been known for a long time. We also revealed the very interesting property of disorder of the nitrogen and carbonyl ligands in the crystal by polarized infrared spectroscopy. The cover art was designed by Shinya Takaishi and created by using Open AI DALL-E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"A display of ingenuity: A modular synthesis of rigid chelating naphthyridine-based bis(carbene) ligands, coined the ""NBC"" scaffold, has been unlocked. With the cashing in on this new ligand scaffold, the bulkiest version supports a rare collection of diverse structures of the coinage metal series, consisting of mononuclear trigonal planar species with Cu(I) and Ag(I) and a dinuclear complex with Au(I). The cover art was designed and created by lead author Evan Patrick.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,Pd and Ni react differently with a substrate which contains C–I and N–O bonds that are both susceptible to oxidative addition. The cover art illustrates the contrast between their reactivity through the colors but also their similarity by employing some elements of symmetry. The crystals and structures emphasize the importance of single-crystal X-ray diffraction for this study. The image of the vials was generated using artificial intelligence and is an embrace of technology which plays an ever-increasing role in science. The cover art was created by M. K. Bogdos and G. Hofer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2023_22.txt,multiBv1,2023_22.txt,"An intramolecularly installed phosphine oxide moiety, depicted as a moon crescent, wraps around the upper rim of a platinum/antimony complex and gently coordinates to the pnictogen element. As indicated by structural studies, the resulting P=O→Sb interaction promotes the accumulation of positive charge at the dinuclear core. This charge accumulation and the ligand-enforced intimacy achieved by the two central atoms lead to the emergence of carbophilic reactivity at the platinum center. The cover art was designed by François Gabbaï. The moon crescent was obtained from",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2021_2.txt,ave_2,2021_2.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_22.png,B,"For many years complex branched polymers have been used to test current theories of branched polymer rheology, and for as long chemists have relied upon size exclusion chromatography (SEC) as the primary technique for characterization. However, intrinsic limitations of SEC make it incapable of detecting the low levels of structural heterogeneity that inevitably arise during the synthesis of such polymers. More recently, temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC), which can separate polymers according to their molar mass, has been shown to be a powerful technique for the characterization of branched polymers, allowing us to identify and quantify the presence of structural imperfections. Thus, the optimal approach to validate (or otherwise) current theories of branched polymer rheology includes careful polymer synthesis, characterization by both SEC and TGIC, and a comparison of experimental rheology and theoretical predictions of rheology. See page 5621.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2012_11.txt,allv2,2012_11.txt,"Synthesis and application of branched polymers are like the root and fruit of a tree. The stronger the root of a tree, the higher the amount of fruit.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"The recent discovery of a living, controlled chain-growth method for synthesizing π-conjugated polymers has ignited the field and led to the development of many new materials. In this Perspective, we highlight the mechanistic underpinnings of the synthetic transformation, discuss the limited monomer scope, and provide a brief overview of some exciting new materials accessed via this method. See page 8395.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2013_4.txt,multiBv1,2013_4.txt,Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers with well-defined linear polymeric chains between branch points. See page 7067.     View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_7.txt,sbert,2011_7.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_380,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_380.png,D,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that describes how loss of caspase-8 in keratinocytes causes hyperproliferative and inflammatory responses in the epidermis. The image is an artist's rendition of immune cells infiltrating the epidermis because of an inflammatory stimulus. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_78.txt,sbert,2_78.txt,COVER This week's issue features a  Perspective on the mechanism by which cell stress provides a red light for cell death and highlights new regulators that act at the mitochondria to raise the threshold for cell death. [Image: Jupiter Images],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Science Signaling publishes a Focus Issue that complements the Science Special Issue on Metabolism. Highlights include an unexpected role in triggering apoptosis for the insulin receptor and the related IGF-1 receptor (known for their roles in metabolism and growth), a role for lipids as cellular sensors of glucose metabolism, and a mechanism whereby cells can survive oxidative stress by shifting the activity of the cell's protein degradation complex. The image shows an artist's depiction of the two processes of metabolism: building (anabolic) and disassembling (catabolic). [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_151.txt,multiBv1,3_151.txt,"COVER This week features a Teaching Resource on molecular events involved in the activation of apoptosis by the death receptor Fas. The image depicts activation of caspase 8 at the activated death receptor and adaptor protein complex. [Image: Drew Berry, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_380.txt,groundtruth,2007_380.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_2.png,D,"On the cover: This issue features a series of reviews and a Forum article covering
promising advances in stem cell and gene therapy. The articles discuss preclinical
and clinical approaches designed to effectively target neurodegenerative diseases,
diabetes and blood disorders, the use of organoids for improved disease modelling
and drug discovery, and stem cell-based immune engineering methods. The cover illustration
is the original work of Yangzi Isabel Tian. It depicts light-responsive photoreceptors
(P), neurons (N), astrocytes (A), and microglia (M) as some examples of the diverse
stem cell-derived products developed to fight neurodegenerative diseases, as reviewed
by Sally Temple. Transplanted cells integrate with existing neural tissue and release
neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors (GF) to reduce inflammation, prevent
cell death, and improve neural function.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_8.txt,ave_2,30_8.txt,"On the cover: This issue features a series of Review and Perspective articles on using
stem cells in both disease modeling for drug discovery and direct cellular approaches
to design new therapies. The cover, “Popred” by Sarah Ezekiel, is a painting by an
artist who suffers from MND/ALS, a disease under investigation using stem cell technology.
Sarah paints with her computer using Tobii eyegaze technology and raises awareness
about MND via her art and fundraising campaigns. To learn more about Sarah and her
activities, please visit http://sarahezekiel.com/ or follow her on Twitter at @sarahezekiel.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/12_1.txt,ave_3,12_1.txt,"On the cover: Leone, Gelati, and Profico et al. report the outcomes of a phase I clinical study based on intracerebroventricular
injection of allogeneic human neural stem cells in people with secondary progressive
multiple sclerosis. The cover shows a woman in a wheelchair, affected by multiple
sclerosis, surrounded by the challenges of the illness and looking up toward a glimmer
of light. This light represents a new treatment option and is filled with special
cells called neurospheres, which reach out to support and fix the damaged nerves in
the nervous system. Illustration: Ella Maru Studio (@Ella_Maru).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, two independent studies—Ionescu, Nicaise, et al. and Clayton, Barbar, et al.—use patient-derived brain cells and cellular reprogramming to model multiple sclerosis
(MS). These studies uncover intrinsic disease mechanisms and evaluate potential drug
targets, offering new hope for precise therapies for progressive MS. The image shows
a scientist holding a petri dish with a neuron showing deteriorated myelin, symbolizing
MS, while stem cells float around, highlighting their critical role in potential therapies.
Cover art by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_2.txt,groundtruth,31_2.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_8.png,D,"Human behaviour and climate change
Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design.
See Editorial
Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_1.txt,sbert,12_1.txt,"Focusing on mental health
Mental health is often excluded from discussions of the impacts of climate change on human well-being. In this issue we feature a collection of papers that explore different ways in which climate change can impact mental health and highlight important directions for future research.
See Clayton, Cunsolo et al. and Berry et al.
Image: Brain light / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_9.txt,allv2,8_9.txt,"Considering the poor and vulnerable
Climate impact models have a limited ability to represent risks to the poor and vulnerable. Wider adoption of best practices and new model features that incorporate social heterogeneity and different policy mechanisms are needed to address this shortcoming.
See Nature Climate Change  7 , 857–862 (2017).
Image: Zacharie Rabehi/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,"Focusing on human health
The human cost of climate change is already visible as adverse impacts on diverse aspects of human health. In this issue, and in an online focus, we include primary research, as well as interview, feature and opinion pieces, that highlight the effects of climate change on human morbidity and mortality, and urge for rapid action.
See Editorial and Online collection
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_8.txt,groundtruth,14_8.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_11.png,C,"shell structure may be a clever choice to achieve effective capture and storage of radioactive iodine. The core acts as the active site in the reaction with iodine, and the shell acts as a radioactive barrier, trapping captured iodine firmly on the core of the sorbent.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"Remarkable antimalarial activity of the extract of Artemisia annua L. obtained with salicylate salts and ionic liquids: The extract contains artemisinin but also artemitin, chrysosplenol D, arteannuin B, and arteannuin J, which synergistically enhance the antimalarial activity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_9.png,C,"On the cover: Images from the issue. Left: Reuter et al. look at planarian flatworms,
master regenerators, and report that a teashirt gene is crucial for the suppression of head fate during planarian regeneration and
tissue turnover (image by Hanna Reuter). Right panels: Twist1 is now shown by Schmidt
et al. to prime a subset of mammary epithelial cells for stem-cell-like properties
that only emerge and stably persist following Twist1 deactivation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/10_11.txt,ave_3,10_11.txt,"On the cover: The ant Harpegnathos saltator (shown in the photo) is an emerging model system to study epigenomics in the brain
because adult workers can become acting queens. In this issue, Shields et al. use
third-generation long-read sequencing to drastically improve the reference genome
assembly for Harpegnathos and report new caste-specific protein coding genes and hundreds of previously unknown
long noncoding RNAs that might play important roles in brain epigenomics. Image credit:
Brigitte Baella.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/23_4.txt,ave_2,23_4.txt,"On the cover: A red sea urchin can attain a lifespan of more than 100 years without
showing signs of aging. In this issue, Polinski et al. report a genome assembly for the long-lived red sea urchin and find chromosome rearrangements
and expansion of gene families associated with long-term maintenance of tissue homeostasis,
disease resistance, longevity, and negligible aging that are distinct from short-lived
sea urchin species. Concept and artwork: Andrea G. Bodnar and Jennifer M. Polinski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_9.txt,groundtruth,43_9.txt,"On the cover: Keane et al. sequence the genome of the bowhead whale, the longest-lived
mammal, providing an opportunity to study the evolution of mammalian longevity. A
comparative analysis reveals various unique genomic features and molecular adaptations
in the bowhead potentially related to cancer resistance and longevity as well as other
traits, such as thermoregulation, sensory perception, dietary adaptations, and immune
response. Image credits: Loke Film and Adam Schmedes (top right), Kate Stafford (lower
right), Morphart Creation on Shutterstock (top left), and Catmando on Shutterstock
(lower left).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/10_12.txt,allv2,10_12.txt,train
BDJ,237_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_4.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on COVID-19, stress and Brexit.
Image credit: Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/229_4.txt,allv2,229_4.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,multiBv1,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This Orthodontic-Restorative Interface themed issue features articles on orthodontics and perio, orthodontics and implants, and orthodontics and tooth wear.

Cover image: From 2012. The retrospective cover which forms the centrepiece of the cover image of this issue is from the 2012 London Olympics series (Volume 212 Issue 4, 25 February 2012). Despite years of gloom by naysayers that the London venue would spell doom, gloom and chaos, the reality turned out to be a happy and joyous celebration completely within the Olympic spirit. Centred on this occasion is a relay race with the passing of the baton but substituting a toothbrush.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Russ Tudor",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_8.txt,sbert,237_8.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on large language models, hyposalivation, and environmental sustainability.

Cover image: From 2018. The cover of this issue combines an acknowledgment of the original World War One commemoration series with a montage and positions the 2018 Armistice cover at 11 o’clock, the traditional placement for the leaf on commemorative poppies, to mark the eleventh hour, day and month of the end of the War.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Philip Bannister",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_4.txt,groundtruth,237_4.txt,val
Matter,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_8.png,C,"On the Cover: A reproducible and sustainable method to produce high-quality espresso
is presented by Cameron et al. (631–648) in this issue of Matter. When the coffee is ground overly fine—using grind settings frequently found in industry—water
is unable to evenly extract from the bed, resulting in variation in beverage quality.
Using less coffee, ground coarser, offers a remedy to this problem.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/2_4.txt,sbert,2_4.txt,"On the cover: Sometimes in science, seeing is believing. The cover of this month’s
issue of Matter are micrographs of 1D anatase-like materials, or 1DA (see Barsoum and colleagues,
pp. 128–141), with each dot representing a Ti atom. Chemical predictions combined
led to promising initial results, but questions remained regarding the specific chemical
structure, surface states, and the interplay between chemical features key for the
resulting electronic properties. The images clearly indicated the structure, thereby
crystalizing the nature of 1DA and laying the groundwork for future application.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_12.txt,multiBv1,6_12.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover pays homage to the art nouveau style of vintage alcohol
ads during the early 20th century, specifically the famous “Woman Tips Giant Martini
Glass” ad for Balsam Aperitif by F.X. de Beukelaer distillers, highlighting the hydrophobic
drops of the beverage. In this issue, Jiang and colleagues demonstrate that the contact angles of alcoholic beverages follow a step-like behavior
at critical points, which also correlates to the alcohol content and temperature preference
of popular beverages such as beer, wine, whisky, or Chinese baijiu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Hsu and colleagues depicts a red-colored biomaterials film wrapped in a spiral pattern to look like
a rose, sitting in a menstrual cup. The work describes the development of an eco-friendly,
blood-absorbent biomaterial that improves the performance of menstrual products by
minimizing blood leakage and spilling while also helping to prevent infection. The
stark cover counters the stigma of thinking or studying menstruation, using advanced
functional materials for innovative solutions. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_4.txt,allv2,7_4.txt,val
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.png,A,"The cover is a depiction of a newer variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus engaging with a mammalian cell via the ACE-2 receptor, while antibodies neutralize previous variants in the background to differing extents. In the ongoing battle against COVID-19, the intricate dance between virus mutation and host defenses continues, with immunity yet to be guaranteed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Nanocage transformation: An artificial, spherical protein cage made from 24 individual protein rings cross-linked to each other (yellow) can be transformed into a cage with only 20 rings and having a completely different egg shape (purple) simply by changing the position of the cross-links. Cover art by Gerrit D. Wilkens based on a concept by Jonathan G. Heddle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,"Discrete DNA origami shapes can be covalently connected together if the underlying DNA scaffolds are catenated. This is shown analogously in the image by two boots held together through topologically linking their laces. The technique allows the linked DNA origamis to be non-identical, as illustrated by the different colors of the connected boots.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_6.txt,sbert,2022_6.txt,"Featured on this cover is a composite confocal fluorescence image of a representative matrix stone section. The image vividly illustrates the extensive organic filamentous networks, abundant with immune response-related proteins such as calprotectin (displayed in red), myeloperoxidase (in yellow), and DNA molecules (in blue). Originating from intricate host-microbe interplay, these organic networks promote the heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of inorganic particulates, culminating in the formation of macroscale aggregates known as ""matrix stones"". This process embodies a unique 'double-edged sword' effect of the host immune response to pathogens in pathological renal biomineralization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_15.png,C,"The BBB crossing ability and thioamide-to-amide regioselective transformation of CM2 probe allowed unambiguous and differential detection, imaging and quantification of HOCl in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and wild-type (WT) mice brains. This study established and validated the elevated level of HOCl (green) proximally localized with amyloid plaques (red) in the AD mouse brain as reliable marker to expand the repertoire of biomarkers for diagnosis of AD. Image credit: Thimmaiah Govindaraju",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_1.txt,multiBv1,2019_1.txt,"Section of human Alzheimer's brain stained with K114 showing the significant spectral variance of this probe. Flame-shaped neurofibrillary tangles appear blue, while amyloid plaques, composed of a different aggregated protein, are green.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_18.txt,allv2,2021_18.txt,"Cryo-section of one hemisphere from 18-month-old Alzheimer's disease pathology mouse model APP23 stained with two conformation-sensitive amyloid dyes, qFTAA and hFTAA: The dyes are used to visualize structural differences in amyloid depositions in several mouse models. The inset shows single plaques (artistic rendering of confocal fluorescence micrographs).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"An immunofluorescence study of postmortem brain tissue from the temporal cortex of an 89 year old woman with Braak stage V/VI Alzheimer's disease stained with antibodies to Aβ protein (green) and hydroxynonenal-modified histidine (HNE-His) residues (red). HNE is an oxidative degradation product of arachidonic acid that may be produced by redox cycling of Aβ-copper complexes, and that spontaneously reacts with histidine side chains by Michael addition. The diameter of the red ring is approximately 20 μm. Art Designer: Ian V. J. Murray, Ph.D.  (St. George's University).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2016_10.txt,ave_3,2016_10.txt,test
ACS Polymers Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.png,A,"Schematic representation of large size polar aggregates formed via hydrogen bonding between phosphate-terminated cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains in natural rubber (NR). The presence of multiple large size phosphate aggregates suggests a potential mechanism contributing to the superior comprehensive properties such as strain-induced crystallization observed in NR compared to synthetic polyisoprene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover illustrates various topographical features in nanoconfined polymer thin films, arising from mechano-rheological responses, such as wrinkles, capillary leveling, particle tracking, dewetting hole growth, bubble inflation, and wetting ridges. Due to the extremely low thickness of polymer films, such unconventional characterization methods are imperative, and their efficacy has been demonstrated successfully.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_2.txt,ave_2,2024_2.txt,"The vast chemical design space of macromolecules can be probed to optimize properties or explore structure−property relationships. We illustrate the complex space as a mountain to traverse, with many tools available for reaching a destination.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_1.txt,sbert,2023_1.txt,We highlight the “rock-like” nature of our hybrid composites obtained from covalently-linked recycled polyols obtained from post-industry use polyurethane materials and inorganic aluminosilicates.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,test
Nature Nanotechnology,19_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_10.png,C,"DNA origami - the folding of long single strands of DNA into predetermined shapes using shorter 'staple strands' - can create nanostructures on which other species, such as nanoparticles, can be bound. However, DNA origami are synthesized in solution and uncontrolled deposition results in random arrangements of the nanostructures on surfaces. A team of researchers from IBM Research Almaden and the California Institute of Technology now report the placement of DNA origami shapes on lithographically patterned surfaces. From solution, DNA triangles with edges of 127 nm can bind accurately to shape-matched sites on a surface. Larger surface templates can also be used, and the atomic force microscopy image on the cover shows the triangles placed in 500-nm-wide lines patterned on a diamond-like carbon surface.
Cover design by Karen Moore
Letter p557; News & Views p543",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/4_4.txt,sbert,4_4.txt,"Nanopore trap for protein observations
An artistic depiction of the nanopore electro-osmotic trap (NEOtrap), formed by a DNA-origami sphere docked onto a solid-state nanopore. The leaky DNA origami plug stops protein flow through a nanopore and allows the hydrodynamic trapping and label-free observation of single proteins, enabling nucleotide-dependent protein conformation to be discriminated on the timescale of submilliseconds to hours.
See Dekker
IMAGE: Cees Dekker Lab / SciXel’. COVER DESIGN: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/16_2.txt,allv2,16_2.txt,"A DNA turbine across a nanopore
The cover image depicts the design of a DNA origami-based nanoturbine with a central axle connected to three blades arranged in a chiral configuration docked into a solid-state nanopore. Imaged by a single-molecule technique, the nanoturbine shows sustained rotation driven by a transmembrane electrochemical potential across the nanopore.
See Shi et al.
Image: Cees Dekker Lab / SciXel. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_10.txt,groundtruth,19_10.txt,"Nanopore-based sensors are being developed for possible applications in DNA sequencing. These sensors normally work by recording the ionic current through the nanopore: in particular they record the small changes in the current caused by the passage of biomolecules through the nanopore. However, DNA molecules pass through nanopores extremely quickly and the bandwidth of existing read-out systems is not high enough to cope with the resulting signal. Now Charles Lieber and co-workers have combined solid-state nanopores with nanowire field-effect transistors to create a high bandwidth read-out system in which the presence of a DNA molecule changes the electric potential near the nanopore, which in turn modulates the conductivity of the nanowire. The small rectangle at the centre of this photograph is a silicon nitride membrane (about 90 &mu;m across) that contains the nanowire-nanopore sensors. The white lines are metal electrodes.
Letter p119; News & Views p81
IMAGE: PING XIE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_11.txt,multiBv1,7_11.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_8.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p277
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/21_8.txt,ave_3,21_8.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p309
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p389
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p389
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_6.txt,ave_2,20_6.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_9.png,B,In Vitro Screening of 50 Highly Prescribed Drugs for Thiol Adduct Formation--Comparison of Potential for Drug-Induced Toxicity and Extent of Adduct Formation. See article on pp 690–698.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2009_9.txt,multiBv1,2009_9.txt,"Drugs of abuse and toxins include diverse drug classes and chemical properties, which has posed the greatest challenge for broad screening in routine toxicological analyses. This work evaluated an untargeted workflow for broad toxicological screening via 35 representative drugs of abuse and metabolites, represented on the left as chemical structures within whole blood. The resulting LC-QToF-MS data is convoluted (see the 3D mass, retention time, and intensity graph) but can be processed to positively identify analytes via their retention time, parent ion, and fragment ions, as exemplified by lorazepam.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,Quinones are the most abundant reactive metabolites responsible for toxicity via different pathways. The machine-learning-based accurate classification tool can help in screening the quinone-generating molecules at the early stages of drug discovery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,Drug Discovery Toxicology: The Road to Safe Drugs. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_9.txt,allv2,2016_9.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_3.png,D,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"This cover illustrates a high-performance floating gate memory fabricated using the ReS2/h-BN/graphene heterostructure. The proposed memory adopted a configuration of high gate coupling ratio, enabling ultra-fast operation speeds on the order of nanoseconds. The device also exhibits an exceptionally large memory window, robust long-term retention of performance, and high storage capacity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2024_19.txt,ave_2,2024_19.txt,"We demonstrate three-dimensional, inkjet-printed, integrated circuits (ICS) based on a vertically stacked, complementary organic field-effect transistor. Our study fulfills the essential requirements for the fabrication of organic printed complex ICs (increased transistor density, 100% yield, high uniformity, and long-term stability), and the findings can be applied to realize more complex digital/analogue ICs and intelligent devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2016_2.txt,ave_3,2016_2.txt,"sequential-logic-in-memory (S-LiM) concept using a single van der Waals ferroelectric field-effect transistor (vdW FeFET) capable of performing sequential logic operations in two non-volatile states. This compact and energy-efficient design offers substantial advantages for edge computing, positioning the vdW FeFET as a promising candidate for next-generation edge computing devices that require high performance and versatility in resource-constrained environments. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_4.png,C,"Conjugated aromatic systems
This Focus issue overviews the synthesis and computational study of various conjugated aromatic molecules and polymers as well as their electronic and chemical properties. The incorporation of these molecules and materials in devices or in catalysis is discussed.
The cover image depicts the synthesis of polyacene inside the channels of a metal−organic framework.
See Kitao et al.
Image: Takashi Kitao, Takumi Miura and Takashi Uemura, The University of Tokyo. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_4.txt,multiBv1,2_4.txt,"Aromaticity stabilized
A planar, non-bridged aromatic 10-membered hydrocarbon is reported with the synthesis of a kinetically-stable cyclopropanated dehydro[10]annulene. A double dehydrochlorination-isomerization sequence is instrumental in the final aromatization step.
See Parmar et al.
Image: Tianhui Zhou. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Room-temperature m-benzyne
The room temperature and atmospheric pressure synthesis of m-benzyne is reported. Benzyne is a highly reactive organic intermediate derived from benzene and while the properties of o- and p-benzyne isomers have been studied in detail, m-benzyne in the ground state has previously been experimentally difficult to access.
See Koyamada et al.
Image: Masanobu Uchiyama, University of Tokyo. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"Generating antiaromaticity
The adsorption of dibromomethylene-functionalized molecular precursors on a hot Au(111) substrate forms antiaromatic units in polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons through thermally selected skeletal rearrangements.
See Pérez-Elvira et al.
Image: Patricia Paloma Bondia Raga. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_7.png,C,"On the Cover: Mouse hippocampal CA1 region transduced with an AAV9 vector expressing the green
fluorescent protein EGFP (green) and an anti-NKCC1 artificial microRNA under the control
of the neuro-specific synapsin promoter. GFAP-positive astrocytes are stained in magenta,
while IBA1-positive microglia cells are stained in cyan. See Parrini et al. (3072–3092).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/29_4.txt,multiBv1,29_4.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image is a detail of the adult hippocampal brain region showing numerous
dtTomato-positive neurons transduced with AAV-PHP.B after a single injection in the
peripheral blood stream. As described by Morabito et al. (pp. 2727–2742), AAV-PHP.B
viral particles permeate and diffuse in the brain parenchyma and when expressing the
GBA1 gene are able to reduce α-synuclein pathology and related behavioral alterations.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"On the cover: Bradbury et al. aimed to achieve astrocytic targeting of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for
the treatment of vanishing white matter disease. The image displays a sagittal brain
section from a wild-type mouse after intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV9-GFAP-eGFP.
Neurons (NeuN; red), astrocytes (GFAP; magenta), and the reporter protein (eGFP; green)
are immunofluorescently labeled, demonstrating widespread distribution and astrocytic
targeting through colocalization of eGFP with GFAP (white). Image credit: Sergiy Chornyy,
PhD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,"On the cover: Immunostaining for the expression of NDNF (red) in NeuN+ neurons (green) in the spinal
cord of 2-month-old adult mice. DAPI (blue) was used to label the cell nucleus. Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease resulting from selective
and progressive deterioration of both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and
spinal cord. Luo and colleagues demonstrate a therapeutic effect of AAV-mediated expression of the less-studied neurotrophic
factor NDNF on disease progression of ALS model mice. It holds promise as a potential
disease-modifying strategy for ALS treatment. Image credit: Wei Cheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_2.txt,ave_3,31_2.txt,train
Nature Food,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/6_1.png,A,"Nature Food 
Since the publication of Nature Food’s  first issue in January 2020, food systems research has come a long way — and much remains to be done. We celebrate the journal’s anniversary with a Focus issue and a webinar series.
See Editorial
Image: Shawn Williams / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"Focus on cellular agriculture
There are many viewpoints on how cellular agriculture technologies can benefit or hinder sustainable food system transformations.
This focus issue takes stock of the field from an interdisciplinary perspective. Our contributors comment on sustainability, food justice, corporate power and potential for greenwashing, virtue ethics, scaling for impact and antimicrobial resistance, and examine tensions and opportunities for moving forward.
See Editorial, Comments by Tuomisto, Ellis et al., Broad and Chiles, Howard, Bomkamp, Holmes et al. and Alvaro, World View by Friedrich, and Feature by Gruber
Image: Monty Rakusen/Getty Images. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_3.txt,multiBv1,3_3.txt,"Transition to sustainable diets
Adoption of the EAT–Lancet reference diet across the world will be challenged by heterogeneity in food systems, dietary patterns, socio-economic development and environmental boundaries. Current domestic food supplies will need to transition for populations to achieve healthy, sustainable diets — and that endeavour varies in complexity across food groups and countries. The food supply of countries highest in the socio-economic development index, at present, is characterized by animal-based foods, fats and sugars in excess of the reference diet. Countries of lower socio-economic development have excess domestic supply of cereal and starchy root foods, and all countries have inadequate supply of legumes, nuts and fruits to achieve the reference diet.
It has previously been reported that adoption of the EAT–Lancet diet will decrease agricultural greenhouse gas emissions globally but increase them from some, primarily low- and middle-income, countries. Now, transition of food supply towards the EAT–Lancet reference diet is shown to reduce the global water footprint by 12%, but increase that of 54 low- and middle-income countries, representing 40% of the world’s population.
See Tuninetti et al.
Image: Merrill Images / Corbis Documentary / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"Food on the move
The food system is increasingly globalized, and localness is often presented as an attribute of sustainable food production. But there is a dearth of evidence on feasibly minimizing the distance between sites of food production and consumption. A model based on foodsheds suggests that less than one-third of the world’s population could achieve their demand for specific crops with production and consumption within a 100-km radius. Food is on the move — to ensure adequacy and stability of current global food supply.
See Kinnunen et al.
Image: Chris Boswell / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_9.txt,sbert,1_9.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,41_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/41_1.png,D,"Although sexual reproduction has evolved multiple times among eukaryotes, the steps
leading to the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes are thought to be shared
between organisms as diverse as animals, plants, and fungi. By studying species where
sexual reproduction has recently evolved, researchers are now able to connect the
genetic and developmental mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination with theoretical
work and studies at the population level. On pages 350–376 of this issue, a broad
panel of experts in the field review key questions regarding the emergence of gender
and sex chromosomes. Photo credit: ©iStockphoto.com/pkujiahe",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_4.txt,ave_2,27_4.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_3.txt,allv2,41_3.txt,"In mammals X-inactivation allows for dosage compensation between XX females and XY
males. ∼15% of the genes on the inactive X chromosome escape inactivation and are
expressed. On pages 348–359 in this issue, Balaton and Brown discuss recent advances
that shed light on the importance of chromatin and chromosome structure to the regulation
of these genes. The cover image shows genes making an escape from the X-chromosome.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_7.txt,ave_3,32_7.txt,"Sex chromosomes can cause expression imbalances between males
and females that are often corrected through dosage compensation. In this issue,
Kalita and Keller Valsecchi review our current understanding of dosage compensation
across diverse insect species beyond traditional model organisms. They discuss the
evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes, the variety of molecular mechanisms that
achieve balanced expression, and propose approaches to uncover regulatory pathways
in non-model insects. Illustration by Agata Kalita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/41_1.txt,groundtruth,41_1.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_6.png,A,"AAV-based intersectional targeting
Our growing understanding of cell diversity generates an increasing need for molecular tools that selectively target cells on the basis of multiple features. Hughes et al. present an AAV-based toolkit that uses hammerhead ribozymes to achieve intersectional transgene expression. In the cover image, overlapping vinyl records form an abstract representation of Venn diagrams that highlight the intersectionality of complex features.
See Hughes et al.
Image: Kandi Cook, Brandi Rinks, Lindsay Schwarz, and Jenn Sweeney, Memphis, TN. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_6.txt,groundtruth,27_6.txt,"Core transcriptional identities of CNS cell classes
Kelley et al. performed integrative deconvolution of gene expression data from intact tissue samples to reveal the core transcriptional features of human CNS cell classes, and they developed mathematical models of gene expression to identify cell class-specific transcriptional differences in disease, among CNS regions, and between species. The cover image depicts an artist’s perspective on cellular identities in the human brain emerging from distinct combinations of RNA sequences.
See Kelley et al.
Image: Kenneth Xavier Probst. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spencer.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/21_4.txt,ave_2,21_4.txt,"In this issue, Chan et al. describe AAVs engineered for broad and efficient gene delivery to the central and peripheral nervous system through the vasculature. The cover shows dorsal root ganglion neurons expressing a mixture of three fluorescent proteins delivered via the new AAVs.10411172",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,"Next-generation clonal tracing
Ratz et al. present a robust method to barcode progenitor cells, enabling profiling of cell phenotypes and clonal relations using single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to provide an integrated approach for understanding brain architecture. The cover art illustrates uniquely barcoded progenitor cells that develop into a range of diverse cell types.
See Ratz et al.
Image: Lesya Adamchuk (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.) Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/25_10.txt,multiBv1,25_10.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,29_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_14.png,C,"In light of impending water and arable land shortages, population growth, and climate
change, it is more important than ever to examine how forest-tree domestication can
be accelerated to sustainably meet future demands for wood, biomass, paper, fuel,
and biomaterials. On pages 64–72 Antoine Harfouche and colleagues offer an important
avenue to accelerate the domestication of forest trees by integrating modern genetic
and genomic techniques with conventional breeding. Cover design Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_12.txt,sbert,17_12.txt,"This is the second part of a two-part special issue on climate change and sustainability.
The cover is a snapshot of the vast array of below-ground communications between plants
and other organisms. The potential for these activities to contribute to combating
climate change effects is highlighted in several articles in the issue. For example,
Poonam Panchal and Jitender Giri and colleagues propose that in forests and grasslands
root exudates can contribute to long-term carbon sequestration and emphasize the need
to preserve the existing ecosystems to foster carbon sequestration through higher
root exudate inputs in the soil. Image credit: FeiYan Jiang and Gu Feng, China Agricultural
University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_6.txt,multiBv1,27_6.txt,"David G. Robinson and colleagues discuss growing doubts about the
true role of the common mycorrhizal networks (CMN) connecting the roots of trees
in forests. The authors discuss recent work that questions the claim of a substantial
carbon transfer from ‘mother trees’ to their offspring and nearby seedlings through
the
CMN. Current evidence for the ‘mother tree concept’ is inconclusive or absent. The
origin of this concept seems to stem from a desire to humanize plant life but can
lead to
misunderstandings and false interpretations and may eventually harm rather than help
the commendable cause of preserving forests. Image credit: Susanne C. Brink (image:
abstract metal tree sculpture, highlighting trees as engineering masterpieces of nature;
Eisenbaum, https://www.regionalpark-rheinmain.de/portfolio-item/der-eisenbaum/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_14.txt,groundtruth,29_14.txt,"Dioecious plant species exhibit sexual dimorphism in various aspects,
including morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior, potentially influencing
sex-specific interactions, but the mechanisms underlying belowground facilitation
in intersexual combinations remain less understood. Chunyang Li and colleagues
explore these mechanisms, which encompass resource complementarity, mycorrhizal
fungal networks, root exudate-mediated belowground chemical communication, as
well as plant–soil feedback. The authors propose that the achieved comprehensive
understanding of the potential positive consequences of sex-specific interactions
can
contribute to maintaining ecological equilibrium, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing
the productivity of agroforestry. The image shows symbols for complementary and
interdependent forces (Yin and Yang concept), such as male and female poplar trees
(dioecious plants), and man and women playing different yet complementary roles in
life.
Image credit: Zhichao Xia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_7.txt,allv2,29_7.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.png,B,"Three simple Schiff bases were designed to investigate their structure–function correlations. Detailed optical studies and interesting emission switching and tuning was observed through base fume exposures, leading to discovery of a wearable fluorochromic ammonia sensor with potential for development of ammonia protective masks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_2.txt,ave_3,2024_2.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,"A multishell nanoparticle comprised of an ultrabright perovskite core and a nitric oxide sensitive orange-fluorescent emitting dye facilitating real-time imaging and ratiometric biosensing, especially in deep tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,test
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_11.png,C,"Climate change and CVD, inspired by the Review on p798.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_1.txt,sbert,19_1.txt,"Stress and cardiovascular disease, inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,"High altitude physiology, inspired by the Review on p75.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Cardiovascular risk stratification for spaceflight, inspired by the Review on p667.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.txt,allv2,21_3.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_4.png,A,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"Novel nickel orthoborate nanograins synthesized by a simple and scalable method was used to fabricate the asymmetric coin cell type supercapacitor to power the temperature sensor device.  In general, the supercapacitor is used to power the consumer electronics, renewable energy storage and harvesting devices, automotive, military, and medical device applications. The cover art was designed by using some images downloaded from the website (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"This illustration depicts a thermoelectric device designed to convert thermal energy gradients into electricity. Highlighted is the nanocomposition nature of the material, that employs CuFeS2, FeS2, and Cu2S sulfide-based materials. The images were enhanced using AI assistance from ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,"The cover art depicts the puzzle of how to combine elements in ternary pnictides to achieve low thermal conductivity. By combining density functional theory, machine learning, and Boltzmann transport theory, this study unravels the factors that contribute to thermal transport in these materials and suggests the most promising ones for thermoelectric applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2024_8.txt,ave_2,2024_8.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_10.png,B,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"Robot makes oxygen from Martian meteorites
A robotic artificial intelligence (AI)-chemist is developed to synthesize oxygen-producing electrocatalysts from Martian meteorites, combining both automated experiments and theoretical simulations to identify the optimal synthetic formula for the catalyst.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Jun Jiang and Luyuan Zhao. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,ave_2,3_9.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_8.png,A,"Monitoring the structural dynamics of MOF crystals
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) is a powerful technique for monitoring structural transformations in crystalline samples, but its use has so far been limited to the study of biological systems. Now, Ihee and co-workers have shown that this technique can be applied to synthetic materials. Specifically, they collected time-resolved SFX data to visualize light-initiated structural dynamics in metal–organic framework single crystals at the atomic level. The cover shows an artistic representation of the metal–organic framework being irradiated by the laser during a serial crystallography measurement.
See Ihee et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_8.txt,groundtruth,16_8.txt,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated for their potential to selectively separate and store environmentally harmful gases. The cover image of this issue shows the structure of a MOF — described by Martin Schröder and co-workers — whose promising capture capabilities rely on hydroxyl groups rather than the traditionally used amine ones. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the host framework and CO2 and SO2 gases were directly visualized by in situ static and dynamic characterization methods, and the results supported by modelling studies.Article p887IMAGE: SIHAI YANGCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_2.txt,sbert,4_2.txt,"Observing ring opening
Light-induced ring-opening/closing reactions are important in many key processes in nature — such as the synthesis of natural products — and are attracting interest in other areas such as optical data storage and potential medical applications. Rolles, Curchod, Ashfold and colleagues have now studied the dynamics of the ring opening of a model heterocycle, thiophenone, using femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ab initio theory, enabling the visualization of rich dynamics in both the excited and ground electronic states. The cover image shows a ‘heat map’ in the background that represents the photoproducts in a 2D space — with the C–S bond length represented on the vertical axis and the CCS angle along the horizontal axis — overlayed with drawings of the photoproducts and the initial thiophenone being hit by the 'laser'. The white lines follow the smoothed paths of reaction trajectories.
Rolles Article
IMAGE: Lea M. Ibele, Durham University. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_4.txt,allv2,12_4.txt,"Improved understanding of assembly dynamics should lead to more rational design of supramolecular materials and better prediction of their resulting properties. However, the analytical tools routinely used to study such processes are generally indirect or are performed ex situ. Now, Itaru Hamachi and co-workers have devised a means of directly visualizing an assembly process in real time. Confocal laser microscopy, aided by fluorescent probes, reveals the growth of self-sorted supramolecular nanofibres into three-dimensional interpenetrated networks (as stylized on the cover in red and green).Article p743News &#38; Views p737IMAGE: HAJIME SHIGEMITSU AND ITARU HAMACHICOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_5.txt,multiBv1,8_5.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.png,D,Recent advances in the development of nanotherapeutics for neurological disorders. Created with BioRender.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"A cell-sprayable hydrogel system was developed, combining a slow-gelling gelatin/PEG component with an instantaneously solidifying carrier PEG hydrogel. When sprayed, the hydrogel solidifies instantaneously on tissue surfaces, maintaining adhesion, exhibiting protein permeability, and supporting high cell viability. This hydrogel holds potential for immobilizing protein-secreting cells on complex tissue surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,"The cover page presents a snapshot of cellular features enacting a tug of war event at the interface of biomaterials. The dynamic 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) framework, supporting cells in vivo, lends an inevitable contribution to the native physiochemical features of cells, and thus, it is essential to recapitulate these conditions precisely to investigate the interaction of cells with biomaterials. The work presents a magnetic levitated nanofibers-based hybrid scaffold capable of supporting cells in ECM-like 3D framework and at the same time mediating contractile forces to the cells in vitro. We further adapt this scaffold to investigate how fibroblast cells orchestrate distinct in vivo-like features and thereby lend crucial insight to cell mechanobiology at the interface of biomaterials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_1.txt,sbert,2019_1.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_1.png,C,"One of the grand challenges in modern agriculture is increasing biomass production,
while improving plant product quality in a sustainable way. Among minerals, iron plays
a major role in this process because it is essential for both plant productivity and
quality of their products. Specifically, iron homeostasis is an important determinant
of photosynthetic efficiency in algae and higher plants. On pages 33–40 Jean-François
Briat and colleagues review the impact of iron limitation or excess on the photosynthetic
apparatus structure and function. The authors also discuss agronomical practices,
plant breeding, and transgenic approaches used to remediate iron deficiency of plants
on calcareous soils, and suggest ways to increase the iron content and bioavailability
of edible parts of crops in order to improve the human diet. Cover design by Susanne
C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/20_12.txt,allv2,20_12.txt,"Carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in plants involve actively increasing CO2 concentrations
near ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO). The assumption has
been that terrestrial plants did not evolve CCMs for well over 300 million years,
yet most marine plants likely evolved CCMs at the time when oxygenic photosynthesis
first occurred in the Paleozoic. One primary reason for this assumption is that analysis
of genetic mutations for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc; an enzyme required
for C4 and CAM photosynthesis) indicate a molecular age of no more than 65 Ma. On
pages 120–124 Sharon A. Cowling discusses whether the evolutionary response of both
RuBisCO and PEPc to varying concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O2 over geological
time could have obscured the real time when land plants first used PEPc during photosynthesis.
Photo and cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/18_10.txt,ave_3,18_10.txt,"Current knowledge about how plants tolerate the effects of soil calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) primarily focuses on iron (Fe) acquisition. However, CaCO3
affects plant mineral nutrition well beyond its influence on Fe metabolism, creating
challenges for crop growth and quality in calcareous agro-systems. Thibaut Bontpart,
Stéphane Mari, and their colleagues provide an update on the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that plants use to mitigate the negative impacts of CaCO3 in soils. They
also discuss recent efforts to identify genetic traits associated with CaCO3 tolerance
in natural populations, which could be utilized for breeding CaCO3-tolerant crops.
Furthermore, they review how environmental factors such as soil water content,
air CO2 levels, and temperature affect soil CaCO3 equilibrium and plant tolerance
to calcareous soils, proposing strategies for improvement amid climate change
challenges. Image credit: Chloe Kim.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_1.txt,groundtruth,29_1.txt,"Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells, with crucial roles
in plant immunity. Yuxiang Jiang and Pingtao Ding review the spatiotemporal control
of Ca2+ function in plant immunity: how Ca2+ influx is triggered upon the activation of immune receptors, how Ca2+-permeable channels are activated, how Ca2+ signals are decoded inside plant cells, and how these signals are switched off. The
authors also highlight the existing toolkit and new technologies to address the outstanding
questions of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity. Image credit: Hsuan Pai (@HsuanPai1).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/28_13.txt,sbert,28_13.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_9.png,B,Rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals with residual lignin or surface-grafted zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) chains exhibited antifouling  properties combined with enhanced antibacterial performance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2020_5.txt,ave_2,2020_5.txt,"Chitosan-grafted pomegranate extract hydrogel, as a cost-effective and bio-based approach, effectively absorbs moisture and provides antibacterial and antioxidant properties, demonstrating a promising alternative as a food packaging material.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"gel chemistry from silylated polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, dextrin, chitosan, and pectin, were successfully prepared for the first time under physiological conditions, with a tunable structure and mechanical properties for biological applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"Fluorescent sugar-hydrogel, developed using the functionalization of chitosan and an anthracene derivative, which shows solvent-dependent aggregation-based exciplex emission in gel networks at a normal temperature. The background image was created using DALL·E, an AI-powered image generation tool by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.txt,sbert,2024_5.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.png,C,"Self-assembled micromachines
Mobile micromachines with advanced configurations and functions self-assembled through designed dielectrophoretic interactions between structural and motor units.
See Alapan et al and Bishop News & Views
IMAGE: Adrián Bago González. COVER DESIGN: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_2.txt,ave_2,18_2.txt,"Gear-based mechanical metamaterials
A design paradigm to create robust robotic metamaterials using versatile gear clusters is demonstrated. It enables intriguing programmability of elastic properties and shape while preserving stability for intelligent machines.
See Fang et al.
Image: Xin Fang, National University of Defense Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_5.txt,ave_3,21_5.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"Electronically morphing microrobot
A kirigami metasheet microrobot shows electronically programmable shape morphing and movement.
See Liu et al.
Image: Zihe Liang and Qingkun Liu, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Itai Cohen, Cornell University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,train
iScience,27_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_8.png,C,"On the cover: In the cover image, the cheese represents a high-fat diet. The mice
on the right side become obese under the induction of a high-fat diet. In contrast,
the mice on the left side were less affected by the high-fat diet under the protection
of Ganoderma lucidum. Our analogy is that Ganoderma lucidum can be regarded as a protective
umbrella to prevent mice from being affected by a high-fat diet. In addition, the
ink and wash style of this picture is exactly in line with our theme of traditional
Chinese medicine. Image credit: He Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_2.txt,ave_1,25_2.txt,"On the cover: Shown is a microphotograph from a paraffin section of a teratoma derived
from Efl1 human embryonic stem cells stained for Sox9 (red), E-cadherin (green) and
Vimentin (blue). Note the clear delimitation of a central domain occupied by developing
definitive endoderm cells marked by the expression of E-cadherin and Sox9, surrounded
by layers of Vimentinpos/E-cadherinneg mesoderm cells, progressively merging into the outmost region populated by Vimentinpos/Sox9posectoderm cells. A study by Yang et al. (vol. 19, 2019) shows that promoting cell-cell
communication through Cx43 gap junctions significantly enhances stem cell differentiation
toward the definitive endoderm linage and downstream pancreatic progenitors. Image
by Vincenzo Cirulli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/19_1.txt,sbert,19_1.txt,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,groundtruth,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating
unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the
river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes
remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries
in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt,allv2,26_10.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_4.png,C,"On the cover: Mitochondrial biogenesis and function are reduced in aging. On pp. 362–372
of this issue, D'Antona et al. report that a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-enriched
mixture (BCAAem) can extend the average life span of male mice. BCAA-enriched mixture
supplementation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and promotes an effective antioxidant
response in cardiac and skeletal muscle of middle-aged mice, thus reducing reactive
oxygen species production. The mTOR pathway and the nitric oxide-generating system
are involved in the BCAAem-mediated effects. The cover depicts a scuba diver reaching
muscle fibers and discovering a treasure chest of mitochondria to open with BCAAem.
Artwork by Giuseppe Valia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/12_3.txt,allv2,12_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Whittaker et al. (pp. 1704–1721) report that restricting
feeding to a time window to model intermittent fasting rescues several aspects of
pathology in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease. The hourglass in the illustration
represents the 6-h time-restricted feeding, with food consumed during the active period.
The sand traveling down represents the dynamic process by which pathology is reduced
and brain function is improved. The recovery of aspects of memory and cognition is
represented as books, light bulbs, and bubbles of thoughts. Art by Emma Vidal at Draw
Impacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/35_3.txt,sbert,35_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, He et al. reveal a protective effect of acetate against metabolic and cognitive impairments
caused by sleep disruption. Inspired by Monet’s famous Water Lilies paintings, a “mitochondrion” boat drifts in a lotus pond full of water lilies (which,
in Chinese, symbolize sleeping beauty in water). Two women sit comfortably in the
boat, enjoying tea with “acetate.” Their relaxed postures and the harmonious atmosphere
suggest that acetate promotes health for individuals suffering from sleep disruption.
Artwork by Kehuitang Art Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_4.txt,groundtruth,36_4.txt,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,multiBv1,36_10.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_3.png,B,"Spin dynamics with ultracold atoms
Coherently coupled quantum mixtures can simulate the dynamics of magnetic materials. Here an inhomogeneous gas shows two different regions, one (top) where interactions dominate and the gas stays polarized in one spin state and another (bottom) where coupling prevails and the spin processes. Quantum torque leads to the breaking of the interface between the two magnetic regions, and spin shockwaves with strong anticorrelations are observed.
See Farolfi et al.
Image: Arturo Farolfi and Albert Gallemí, CNR-INO and University of Trento. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_1.txt,multiBv1,17_1.txt,"Electronic motion up close
Charge density waves are wave-like patterns in a material’s electron density that can behave collectively. Shaoxiang Sheng et al. show a direct real-space observation of these collective dynamics at the atomic scale in the transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe2. Their technique utilizes a terahertz pulse that is enhanced at the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope to excite oscillations of the charge density wave that vary in magnitude and frequency on the scale of individual atomic impurities. Measuring the current through the tip reveals overlapping phase excitations originating from randomly distributed atomic defects in the surface and creates a spatially structured response of the charge density wave.
See Shaoxiang Sheng et al.
Image: Kurt Lichtenberg, University of Stuttgart. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,"Homogeneous transition
The intermediate states in photo-excited phase transitions are expected to be inhomogeneous. In this work, a spatially resolved ultrafast X-ray imaging technique shows that the early part of the metal–insulator transition in VO2 is homogeneous and that the inhomogeneity only develops after a few hundred femtoseconds.
See Johnson et al.
Image: Patricia Bondia. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Nanoscale nematicity
High-temperature superconductor Fe(Te,Se) transitions to an electronic nematic phase that breaks rotation symmetry of the lattice near the composition where the superconducting transition temperature reaches its peak. Scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals that this transition is characterized by the emergence of nanoscale nematic regions. These regions, observed as unidirectional modulations portrayed in the image, show a surprising suppression of superconductivity.
See Zhao et al.
Image: He Zhao, Boston College. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_5.txt,sbert,17_5.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_4.png,C,"On the cover: Generating and analyzing proteogenomic data from nearly 100 patients
with glioblastoma, Wang et al. (pp. 509–528) provide a new integrated view of this
devastating brain tumor. In addition to better understanding tumor pathogenesis, these
data may improve patient stratification for more optimal treatments. The cover image
shows multiomics data including genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and
single-cell transcriptomics through a lens for an integrated view of brain tumors.
Artwork by Jessica Johnson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_9.txt,allv2,39_9.txt,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_1.txt,ave_3,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Watson et al. integrate multi-omics approaches to investigate how the glioblastoma microenvironment
responds to different treatment interventions and discover how treatment-associated
fibrosis can protect surviving tumor cells and promote eventual recurrence. This four-part
image depicts a mouse glioblastoma with renderings of high-dimensional imaging, single-cell
RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry proteomic analysis, and spatial transcriptomics,
respectively in clockwise sequence. Credit: Spencer Watson, Anoek Zomer, and Johanna
Joyce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_4.txt,groundtruth,42_4.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_8.png,A,Illustration of the importance of substitution at the C(9) position of doubly locked GFP chromophore derivatives to modulate two-photon absorption efficiency. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,Static electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly molecular dynamics simulations studies demonstrate the structural and electronic rearrangement of a GFP chromophore in polar solvents upon photoexcitation. The studies provide a molecular-level insight into the ultrafast photoinduced PT mechanism triggered in polar solvents which occurs in a stepwise manner in less than 300 fs. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,"The two-photon absorption of the Green Fluorescent Protein is intrinsically enhanced when utilizing quantum light. The classical and entangled two-photon absorption strengths can be differentially modulated by the protein, enabling precise control over the outcome through adjustments in its local electric field induced by a single amino acid substitution. The image is an artistic representation of the protein absorbing entangled light. Part of the image was generated by artificial intelligence using Kandinsky 2.2. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,"The unique composition of the retinal binding pocket in KR2 with a tight interaction between the retinal Schiff base and its respective counterion D116 has interesting implications on the photochemical pathway of the chromophore and the functional mechanism for the actual charge translocation during the photocycle. Such photoinduced dynamics – alongside the structural changes of the protein – are studied in the whole optical range spanning from the IR, over the visible and the UV. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_35.txt,multiBv1,2023_35.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_12.png,C,"Targeting tumor vascularization
De Palma and Hanahan outline the latest advances in understanding tumor angiogenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting tumor vascularization.
See De Palma and Hanahan
Image: Mohammed Elamine ALIOUI / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_7.txt,allv2,5_7.txt,"Targeting the tumor–brain interface in glioblastoma
A designer peptide disrupts the interaction between EAG2 and Kvβ2, which are expressed at the tumor–brain interface and form a potassium channel; this disruption of their interaction reduces tumor growth in glioblastoma.
See Dong et al.
Image: Li Chen, Weifan Dong, Siqi Ou. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_3.txt,sbert,4_3.txt,"Lymphatic endothelial-like cells promote glioblastoma
In glioblastoma, lymphatic endothelial-like cells coexist with blood endothelial cells in the brain parenchyma and promote cancer stem cell growth via altered metabolism, providing a therapeutic vulnerability for this deadly disease.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Xinyue Hu, August Fireflies Technology. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"Intercellular mitochondrial transfer in glioblastoma
Astrocyte mitochondria can be horizontally transferred to glioblastoma cells, leading to changes in mitochondrial respiration and metabolism that promote proliferation and tumor growth.
See Watson et al. and the accompanying News & Views article by Semenzato and Scorrano
Image: illustration by Amanda Mendelsohn; reprinted with permission, Cleveland Clinic Foundation © 2023, all rights reserved. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_8.txt,multiBv1,4_8.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_7.png,B,"On the cover: Healthy aging is associated with regional loss of glycolysis in the
brain. On pp. 353–360 of this issue, Goyal et al. use PET imaging to determine how
glucose and oxygen use in the brain changes with age. They find that in cognitively
normal adults, brain aerobic glycolysis decreases, particularly in regions exhibiting
high aerobic glycolysis during youth, underscoring the heterogeneous effects of healthy
aging on brain metabolism. The cover art imitates the progressive and regional loss
of aerobic glycolysis in the aging brain. Artwork from ShutterStock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/26_5.txt,allv2,26_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Li et al. reveal that sick neurons release lipids to the glia, causing lipid droplet accumulation
and neuroinflammation. The artwork, inspired by Van Gogh's Starry Night, depicts a brain with lipid droplets. Artwork by Melody Hui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_7.txt,groundtruth,36_7.txt,"On the cover: This issue presents six research articles at the interface of neuroscience
and metabolism, including work by Sun et al. (pp. 1404–1417), who report that brain
glycogen is comprised of 25% glucosamine. The authors utilize mass spectrometry-based
imaging and isotopic tracing to discover that disruption in glucosamine release from
brain glycogen stores results in a global decrease in protein N-linked glycosylation
in mouse models of glycogen storage diseases, including Lafora disease, a severe neurodegenerative
disease marked by progressive epilepsy and fatal childhood dementia. The cover art
features Themis maintaining the balance between glycogen and glucosamine. Neurological
disorders, represented by the shrinking brain, occur when the balance is perturbed.
A purple color palette recognizes dementia and epilepsy awareness. Image credit: Peter
I. Heckler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/33_6.txt,multiBv1,33_6.txt,"On the cover: Pathological states such as obesity and some psychiatric disorders suggest
a possible direct role for lipids in brain function. In this issue, Berland et al.
(pp. 773–790) and Ducrocq et al. (pp. 755–772) show that postprandial triglyceride
levels can directly impact dopamine receptor-expressing neurons of the reward circuit.
On the cover, non-overlapping circles represent a complex neuronal environment. D1
dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons are represented in blue while D2
receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons are depicted in orange. Neuronal outputs
are encoded by frequency and size that are progressively increasing, representing
the susceptibility of D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons to changes in lipid
levels. Artwork by Mathieu Di Miceli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_3.txt,sbert,31_3.txt,test
Caner Cell,42_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_10.png,D,"On the cover: Jiagge et. al. investigate the relationship between genomic alterations and African ancestry in
common cancers and reveal differences in actionable mutations between ancestries.
The cover design symbolizes the genome of patients with African ancestry, with its
DNA double helix intertwining with the map of Africa. The dazzling flashes and ethereal
mist represent the ongoing quest to unravel the distinctive characteristics concealed
within the African genetic ancestry. Image credit: Xuechun Bai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_2.txt,sbert,41_2.txt,"On the cover: In a cohort of 3,014 patients (including 100 patients with cancer) admitted
to three hospitals in New York City, Westblade et al. (pp. 661–671) identify that
SARS-CoV-2 viral load upon hospital admission predicts mortality in in-hospital COVID-19
patients with and without cancer. The cover is an artistic depiction of a nasopharyngeal
swab specimen being collected from a patient with cancer who is infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Design by Lisa Grey, twoshadesofgrey.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_2.txt,allv2,38_2.txt,"On the cover: The patient with lung cancer is surrounded by colored spheres representing
hubs in signaling networks in the proteomics approach in small cell lung cancer, identified
in this issue by Coles et al. (pp. 129–143). The hope is that these hubs, such as
PKA, will help clinicians treat the patient. Artwork, titled “The Inevitable Healing,”
is by artist Dylan Mortimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_6.txt,multiBv1,38_6.txt,"On the cover: Du et al. propose a staging model for EBV-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on a
large multicenter cohort in China, demonstrating its superiority over the currently
used AJCC staging system. The cover image features traditional Chinese embroidery
art. The embroidered Great Wall symbolizes the resolve to conquer NPC, while the nine
beacon towers, arranged from afar to close by, represent the continuous evolution
and improvement of each edition of the staging system, from the first to the ninth
edition of AJCC Stage. The presence of pines and cranes symbolizes the safeguarding
of health. Bathed in sunlight, the emblematic representation encapsulates the journey
toward precision medicine and radiates a message of optimism for the future of NPC
treatment. Image credit: Jun Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_10.txt,groundtruth,42_10.txt,test
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.png,B,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.txt,ave_2,2025_8.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on Current Trends in Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomedical Applications. The background is taken from an atomic force microscope image of functionalized collagen used as a support for mesenchymal stem cells. The central inset is taken from the Spotlight on Applications article by Ventre and Netti, and shows the compression of a cell nucleus by actin fibers. The inset above this schematically represents the variety of cell instructive materials covered in the same Spotlight on Applications article.  The other insets (from top center moving clockwise): Multiphoton image of collagen fibrils with nuclei stained blue and actin stained red;",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2016_27.txt,ave_3,2016_27.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_11.png,C,"The Monkey King is reminiscent of the embryonic skeletal stem and progenitor cells (eSSPCs) that localize in the perichondrial region of the developing long bones (mimicked by the Golden Cudgel), which self-renew and give rise to skeletal lineage cells as revealed by our single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses. See page 742-757 by Jian He et al. for details.
The image is designed by Zhenyu Hong and edited by Ran Li and Jing Yan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_6.txt,ave_3,31_6.txt,"The Chinese legend “The Butterfly Lovers”, also known as “Liang Zhu”, depicts two lovers transformed to butterflies. The butterflies symbolize the gray matter of the human spinal cord with well-organized cells in the dorsal and ventral horns. This imagery beautifully conveys the idea of transformation from embryonic to adult spinal cord. See page 193–213 by Yingchao Shi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.txt,allv2,34_10.txt,"Neural connectome mapping describes how different types of neurons connect with each other and organs in the body. This cartoon (illustrated by Evelyn Xiaoya Zhao) shows a densely-stacked neuron network linked by dendrites and axons, together with nonneuronal cells including glial cells, endothelium, pericytes and many others. A new tissue clearing pipeline, TESOS, is designed to image a complete projection course of individual sensory neurons from mouse digits to the spinal cord. See page 124–139 by Yating Yi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,"The SCN is the central biological clock with thousands of twinking neurons as the time-keeping elements. At the system level, bilaterally symmetrical ripple-like patterns emerge from the functional organization of these neurons, aesthetically pleasing like that of a butterfly.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_6.txt,multiBv1,34_6.txt,train
Trends in Plant Science,30_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/30_2.png,D,"Plants have cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse
self- and non-self-molecules. These receptors, together with their co-receptors, form
networks to mediate downstream immune responses. In addition, cell-surface and
intracellular immune systems are interdependent and function synergistically to provide
robust resistance against pathogens. Bruno Pok Man Ngou, Jonathan D.G. Jones, and
Pingtao Ding summarize the interactions between these immune systems and provide
a holistic picture, including major discoveries from recent years and current challenges.
Image credit: Ella Marushchenko (https://www.scientific-illustrations.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_12.txt,ave_2,27_12.txt,"Plants employ a network of intertwined mechanisms to counter infection by pathogens
and parasites. One such line of defense is based on dominant disease resistance (R)
genes, most of which encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins.
On pages 521–529 Sarah M. Collier and Peter Moffett present a “bait and switch” model
to explain the underlying principles governing NB-LRR function. This model proposes
a two-step recognition process involving interactions between cellular co-factors
(i.e. the bait) and the LRR domain, which in turn activates the molecular switch leading
to disease resistance. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/14_4.txt,ave_3,14_4.txt,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_2.txt,groundtruth,30_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.png,A,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,sbert,2024_24.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,"A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_11.txt,multiBv1,2023_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.png,D,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,ave_2,2_7.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"Deep generative models can generate synthetic data to tackle challenges inherent in real-world data within bioengineering and medicine. These challenges include concerns around privacy, biases in data, distributional shifts, underrepresentation of specific populations, and the scarcity of high-quality data. See Boris van Breugel et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_1.txt,groundtruth,2_1.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.png,B,"On the cover: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) results from a loss of homeostasis
between the host immune system and intestinal microbiota. Whether individual species,
specific clades, or entire microbial communities incite IBD remains controversial.
In this issue, Garrett et al. (pp. 292–300) demonstrate that two species belonging
to the Enterobacteriaceae act in concert with the endogenous gut microbiota to drive colitis. The image on
the cover is a pseudocolored transmission electron micrograph showing members of the
gut flora invading into the mucus layer along the rectal epithelium of a T-bet−/− × Rag2−/− (TRUC) mouse with colitis. Image by Susumu Ito and Wendy Garrett.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/8_4.txt,allv2,8_4.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts the direct communication between Enterococcus bacteria (purple) and intestine stem cells (ISCs) (blue) in inflammatory bowel disease.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Li et al. demonstrate that a metabolite derived from Enterococcus bacteria hijacks an adrenergic receptor in ISCs, directly suppressing ISC proliferation
and epithelial regeneration, thereby exacerbating colitis. This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe also presents a microbial survival guide. Microbes face harsh environments that they
must adapt to in order to survive, grow/proliferate, and spread. This collection (or
guide) consists of a series of review and primary research articles that cover an
array of stresses faced by microbes and their mechanisms to adapt and survive in adverse
conditions, including reviews discussing colonization resistance (Woelfel et al.),
antibiotic resistance (Abbas et al.), microbial persistence (Conlon et al.), and phage
resistance (Aranguren et al.). Reviews covering inter-bacterial warfare (Kennedy and
Comstock), nutrient acquisition (Muramatsu and Winter), and bacterial-drug interactions
(Cuesta-Zuluaga et al.) are also presented. Within this guide, primary research articles
expand our understanding on the arsenal employed by different microbes under inhospitable
conditions, including antibiotic exposure in the urinary tract (Amoura et al.), pathogen
expansion by exploiting or limiting host response (Yoo et al. and Szczesna et al.),
microbial enzymatic metabolism during endobiotic homeostasis (Simpson et al.), and
the phage-bacteria relationship (Benz et al.). Cover design by artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,"On the cover: The ability of microbial pathogens to evolve resistance to drugs and
other pressures has resulted in a global epidemic with a heavily shifted balance:
as microbes continue to develop ways to survive therapeutic assault, drug discovery
remains stalled. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe provides a timely update on the age of antimicrobial resistance with a collection
of reviews and commentaries that survey the intricate battle between microbes and
drugs while providing forward thinking to suppress this epidemic. Reviews examine
how bacteria can take a community approach to persist and tolerate antibacterial assault
(15–21), mechanisms by which apicomplexan parasites (35–47) and HIV (48–60) acquire
drug resistance, approaches to discover new anti-infectives (61–72), and how the microbiome
contributes to drug efficacy (22–34). Along with these reviews, this issue also provides
insight into the emergence of fungal drug resistance (12–14) and a Voices collection
piece in which experts weigh in on how the age of resistance may be conquered (8–11).
The cover image is from istockphoto.com and was chosen to reflect the complex relationship between microbes and drugs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/26_6.txt,multiBv1,26_6.txt,"On the cover: The intestinal microbiota exists in a delicate balance that can be disrupted
during infection and inflammation, leading to the outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens.
However, interactions between the host immune system and intestinal microbial community
are thought to prevent dysbiosis and promote colonization resistance. In this issue,
Pham et al. (pp. 504–516) examine the mechanisms contributing to microbial homeostasis
during challenge with the bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium and show that signaling through the interleukin-22 receptor, IL-22RA1, can control
the mucosal proliferation and epithelial translocation of an opportunistic bacterium,
Enterococcus faecalis. IL-22RA1 promotes intestinal fucosylation and enhances beneficial nutrient interactions
between the epithelium and commensal microbes, leading to a more balanced microbial
community. The cover image shows a scanning electron micrograph of epithelial cells
lining a mouse colon following Citrobacter rodentium infection.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/16_3.txt,sbert,16_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.png,D,"The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt,allv2,19_8.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,sbert,20_12.txt,"The individual response to antibiotics and diet, inspired by the Review on p387.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_6.txt,ave_3,20_6.txt,"The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders, inspired by the Review on p511.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.png,D,"A study identified a novel APOE4-specific receptor LilrB3. A butterfly-like Cryo-EM structure of the complex reveals the details of how the immune “checkpoint” receptor LilrB3 recognizes APOE4. Upon binding, it will induce microglia cell into an Alzheimer Disease-associated status. See page 116–130 by Jiayao Zhou et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_11.txt,multiBv1,33_11.txt,"The image describes an ancient Chinese myth “Hou Yi Shoots the Suns”, wherein Hou Yi was tasked to save people by shooting nine extra buring suns. Voltage-gated H+ channel Hv1 was unexpectedly identified in the sensory neurons; inhibiting neuroinflammation (symbolized by the burning suns) by targeting Hv1 genetically or pharmacologically using a newly-discovered inhibitor (symbolized by arrow) alleviates chronic inflammatory pain and morphine-induced adverse side effects. The cover art is contributed by Keyu Yu. See page 461–476 by Qiansen Zhang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_8.txt,sbert,32_8.txt,"Paired Chinese knot, a symbol of unity and cooperation, represents the active state structure of human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a dimeric class C GPCR responsible for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the blood. Structural studies revealed that CaSR is cooperatively activated by calcium ions and L-Trp. See page 383-394 by Shenglong Ling et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"The cover image illustrates the aluminum (Al) ion receptor ALR1 (Beacon Tower)that senses toxic aluminum ions, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS; smoke) generation and accumulation of STOP1 (commander),thereby activating organic acid anion (arrow) secretion to detoxify Al. See page 281–294 by Zhong Jie Ding et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_9.txt,groundtruth,34_9.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_5.png,D,"Universal resistance mutations in kinases
Deep mutational scanning data for multiple kinases reveals common residues that mediate drug resistance across the mammalian kinome.
See Persky et al.
Image: LG Photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/27_12.txt,sbert,27_12.txt,"Anterograde intraflagellar transport trains
Using a combination of cryo-electron tomography and structure prediction approaches, Lacey et al. reveal the molecular structure of IFT-A and IFT-B trains, providing insights into anterograde transport of cargo into the cilia tip.
See Lacey et al.
Image Credit: Arch White / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/30_8.txt,allv2,30_8.txt,"RPA in action
Bulk and single-molecule fluorescence analyses reveal the dynamics of RPA DNA-binding domains during homologous recombination.
See Pokhrel, Caldwell et al.  26 , 129–136 (2019)
Image: Xuanyu Han/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_11.txt,multiBv1,26_11.txt,"Wanderlust kinetics in proteins
In a study by Jiang et al., the authors develop a method to analyze isolated molecules of amino acid transporter GltPh using high-speed atomic force microscopy. The work provides insights into the transporter’s activity mode switching, termed wanderlust kinetics.
See Jiang et al.
Image credit: Moritz Wolf / imageBROKER GmbH & Co. KG / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_5.txt,groundtruth,31_5.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,9_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_2.png,B,"Throughout history, the development of new materials and technologies has enabled functional and aesthetically pleasing buildings. With the advent of sustainable architecture, the role of materials science in building innovation is becoming more prominent. In this issue, we explore the materials science of architecture and design.
See Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 17082 (2017).
 
Image: Lauren V. Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"Space exploration offers opportunities for scientific discovery, but the materials we use are critical to its success. Materials that can withstand harsh environments, innovations in materials manufacturing and energy-efficient technologies are essential for achieving viable and sustainable space missions, allowing us to explore new worlds. See the Editorial.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_2.txt,groundtruth,9_2.txt,"Materials science provides tools and technologies for protection against viral infections, as well as for the understanding, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of viral diseases. This Review discusses present and future directions in antiviral materials-science research, with a focus on COVID-19. See Tang et al.
Image: Xianzhi Chen. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_2.txt,ave_3,5_2.txt,"Universal access to fresh water and modern energy are key to a sustainable and just future. Sorbent materials that capture and release water molecules are at the heart of technologies that turn the Earth’s abundant atmospheric moisture into drinkable water and energy, making these essential resources more accessible to all. See the Editorial
Cover image: Jiaxing Xu, Tingxian Li and Hangzhou Sphere Studio. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_3.txt,ave_2,9_3.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_35,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_35.png,D,"A heterologous prime-boost immunization was developed using icosahedral plant viruses displaying peptide epitopes. Compared to repeated vaccination with a single carrier, the prime-boost strategy using multiple carriers with the same epitope elicits enhanced immune response and protective antitumor activity. See Steinmetz and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01523. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_36.txt,allv2,2019_36.txt,"Functionalized polyesters enable optimization of ligand–receptor stoichiometry, heading toward the development of personalized dose regimen.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_31.txt,multiBv1,2017_31.txt,"The supramolecular versatility of guanine has been employed to guide the organization of fluorescent π-conjugated oligomers from loosely bound hydrogen-bonded species to, in the presence of alkaline salts, well-defined, monodisperse octameric nanoparticles that enjoy an outstanding stability. See González-Rodríguez and co-workers, p 4710.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_39.txt,ave_1,2010_39.txt,"A lipid-modified poly(guanidine thioctic acid) polymer is developed as a fortifier for lipid nanoparticles with the capability to eliminate reactive oxygen species, greatly improving the translation efficiency and alleviating inflammation of mRNA vaccines. This formulation shows promising potential in the fabrication of next-generation mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_35.txt,groundtruth,2024_35.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_4.png,B,"Visualizing perovskites’ energetic (nano)landscape
This artistic representation shows charge carriers in alloyed halide perovskites funnelled into local hotspots to emit light. The mechanism shows defect tolerance and can be beneficial for solar cell applications.
See Stranks
IMAGE: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio) COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_11.txt,allv2,17_11.txt,"Polariton condensation on the edge
The image presents a topologically protected polariton emission formed by hybridizing optical and excitonic excitations in a halide perovskite microcavity.
See Kai Peng et al.
Image: Kai Peng, Wei Li, and Wei Bao, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_4.txt,groundtruth,19_4.txt,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,ave_3,19_1.txt,"Flexible tandem light-emitting diodes
The cover image depicts a flexible 10 × 10 matrix of narrow-band and high-efficiency green tandem light-emitting diodes, combining nanocrystal perovskite light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode units.
See Lee et al.
Image: Tae-Woo Lee / Seoul National University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_8.txt,ave_2,19_8.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_9.png,A,"Losing meteorites
Most of the meteorites in today's collections have been found in Antarctica, making it a key region for planetary science. Writing in this issue, Tollenaar, Zekollari and colleagues show that surface melt due to climate change can lead to substantial portions of current meteorites sinking into the ice, leaving bare blue ice areas void of any of these precious space rocks, making them unavailable for science.
See Tollenaar  et al. and News & Views by Righter
Image: Veronica Tollenaar, Université libre de Bruxelles. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_9.txt,groundtruth,14_9.txt,"Snow under the microscope
Snow is a key component of the climate system and is undergoing substantial changes as a consequence of anthropogenic warming. The spatial coverage and thickness of Earth’s snow cover is decreasing dramatically, with implications for water resources, atmospheric teleconnections and planetary albedo. This issue includes a Focus collection of Comments, Reviews, Perspectives and original research documenting the key role snow plays in the climate system and how this may be modified with climate change. The collection can also be found online at: nature.com/collections/snow.
Image: Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_2.txt,ave_2,8_2.txt,"Observing a smoother Arctic
As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.
See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym
Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,ave_3,15_1.txt,"Glacier response to ice-shelf melt
Ice loss from Antarctica is sensitive to changes in ice shelves, including the Ross Ice Shelf as shown on the cover. Finite-element modelling reveals that localized ice-shelf thinning, particularly in locations vulnerable to warm-water intrusion, can have far-reaching impacts across the entire shelf via tele-buttressing.
See Reese et al. and News & Views by Gagliardini.
Image: André Gilden/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_12.txt,allv2,8_12.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_9.png,B,"On the cover: Zhang et al. develop a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly
synthesis approach to create nano wrinkles with controllable patterns on polymeric
membrane surfaces by using the water-evaporation-induced intermolecular force within
the polymer matrix. Image by Jun Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"On the cover: Manufacturing fine three-dimensional structures from mesoscale down
to nanoscale is of considerable importance in multiple application backgrounds. Jiang et al. find that the top plateau of a freezing “triangle” nanofluid drop can transit from
an initial triangle, through a hexagon and a counter triangle, to a final hexagon
with increasing drop height. By choosing proper 2D patterns, their study allows versatile
out-of-plane shape control. The cover graphic was designed by Peng Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover, crafted by Guiyi Zhou, encapsulates the research of Xu et al. on leveraging advanced AI to transform polymeric gas separation membrane design.
It portrays a “polymer universe,” where dynamic interlocking yellow tracks represent
the complex polymer chains within an amorphous system. Shimmering stars scattered
throughout illustrate the gas molecules, emphasizing the focus on improving gas separation
efficiency. The spacecraft navigating this universe symbolizes the accelerating influence
of AI in propelling innovations in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Fei et al. report a halftoning grayscale 3D printing strategy that enables
the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) through any commercial projection
SLA 3D printer. This universal fabrication strategy may open a new window for engineers
and scientists to explore complex and multifunctional graded materials. The cover
image depicts the 3D-printed FGM (center: X-ray CT image of the 3D-printed hollow
cube) and some potential applications (top: catalyst support, left: sound-absorbing
micro lattice, right: biomedical implant). Image credit: Guanghai Fei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,val
Trends in Plant Science,29_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_7.png,C,"A recent breakthrough in the understanding of plant nutrition is the discovery that
some green plants from temperate forests not only perform photosynthesis but also
obtain additional carbon from their symbiotic fungi, a dual nutritional capability
called mixotrophy. The physiological and cellular processes allowing carbon gain from
the fungus are currently not well understood, and on pages 64–70 Marc-André Selosse
and Mélanie Roy propose several land plant families and ecosystems that should be
investigated for possible mixotrophy. The authors further speculate on the implications
of the occurrence of mixotrophy for the evolution of heterotrophic plants.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/14_12.txt,sbert,14_12.txt,"This is the second part of a two-part special issue on climate change and sustainability.
The cover is a snapshot of the vast array of below-ground communications between plants
and other organisms. The potential for these activities to contribute to combating
climate change effects is highlighted in several articles in the issue. For example,
Poonam Panchal and Jitender Giri and colleagues propose that in forests and grasslands
root exudates can contribute to long-term carbon sequestration and emphasize the need
to preserve the existing ecosystems to foster carbon sequestration through higher
root exudate inputs in the soil. Image credit: FeiYan Jiang and Gu Feng, China Agricultural
University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_5.txt,ave_3,27_5.txt,"Dioecious plant species exhibit sexual dimorphism in various aspects,
including morphology, physiology, life history, and behavior, potentially influencing
sex-specific interactions, but the mechanisms underlying belowground facilitation
in intersexual combinations remain less understood. Chunyang Li and colleagues
explore these mechanisms, which encompass resource complementarity, mycorrhizal
fungal networks, root exudate-mediated belowground chemical communication, as
well as plant–soil feedback. The authors propose that the achieved comprehensive
understanding of the potential positive consequences of sex-specific interactions
can
contribute to maintaining ecological equilibrium, conserving biodiversity, and enhancing
the productivity of agroforestry. The image shows symbols for complementary and
interdependent forces (Yin and Yang concept), such as male and female poplar trees
(dioecious plants), and man and women playing different yet complementary roles in
life.
Image credit: Zhichao Xia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_7.txt,groundtruth,29_7.txt,"This is the second part of a two-part special issue on climate change and sustainability.
The cover is a snapshot of the vast array of below-ground communications between plants
and other organisms. The potential for these activities to contribute to combating
climate change effects is highlighted in several articles in the issue. For example,
Poonam Panchal and Jitender Giri and colleagues propose that in forests and grasslands
root exudates can contribute to long-term carbon sequestration and emphasize the need
to preserve the existing ecosystems to foster carbon sequestration through higher
root exudate inputs in the soil. Image credit: FeiYan Jiang and Gu Feng, China Agricultural
University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_6.txt,allv2,27_6.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_9.png,C,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation
marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated
the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient
degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy
of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation
cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary
complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates
the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex
formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,ave_3,30_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts a story of a justice messenger fighting evil
inside the human body. Tumors, acting as cunning and treacherous evils, afflict our
bodies, hijack nutritious resources, and expand massively. The appearance of the justice
messenger shatters the source of the demon’s energy and returns the physical order
to normal. In this issue, Zhu and colleagues (1616–1629) report that NAMPT-targeting
PROTAC compounds can inhibit tumor cell growth by blocking both intrinsic NAD+-biosynthesis
and extrinsic pro-survival signals.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_2.txt,ave_2,29_2.txt,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Two pathways (umbrellas) are responsible for NAD+ production in mammalian
cells: the NAPRT-mediated biosynthesis pathway and the NAMPT-mediated salvage pathway.
Zhu et al. develop and assess a second generation PROTAC (rain drops) that degrades and functionally
inactivates NAMPT, leading to the death of NAMPT-positive tumor cells exclusively
relying on the salvage pathway (right fire). In contrast, cells expressing NAPRT are
capable of using nicotinic acid to synthesize NAD+ and are resistant to the effects
of the NAMPT-targeting PROTAC (left fire).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_10.txt,allv2,31_10.txt,train
Immunity,57_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_12.png,D,"On the Cover: Dietary fiber is fermented in the colon by commensal bacteria to generate
several metabolites. One such metabolite, butyrate, is known to protect the colon
against inflammation and carcinogenesis by mechanisms that are poorly understood.
In this issue of Immunity, Singh et al. (128–139) show that butyrate, by acting as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled
receptor Gpr109a, induces regulatory T cells and interleukin-18, which suppress colonic
inflammation and carcinogenesis, in the colon. The cover image shows that fruits and vegetables,
the main sources of dietary fiber, and commensal bacteria (represented together as
an umbrella) protect the colon against inflammation and carcinogenesis. Image concept
by Nagendra Singh and Vadivel Ganapathy. Design and artwork by Amanda Y. Behr.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/40_6.txt,ave_3,40_6.txt,"On the cover: The bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells are not simply
for survival of the cells, but rather, they also fuel critical differentiation processes
and effector functions. In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that discuss the current understanding of how cellular
metabolism impacts the immune cells. Olhenchock, Rathmell, and Vanderheiden (703–713)
explain the biochemical mechanisms that underlie how metabolism is adapted to meet
the energetic and redox demands of immune cell populations. Many chromatin- and DNA-modifying
enzymes make use of substrates and cofactors that are intermediates of metabolic pathways.
Glass, Phan, and Goldrath (714–729) examine how metabolic activity can integrate environmental
signals with activation-induced gene-expression programs through the modulation of
the epigenome and discuss how this integration could lead to context-specific responses.
Pearce and Russell (730–742) discuss the role of the mTOR pathway as a metabolic sensor
in the tissue microenvironment, how mTOR signaling impacts the differentiation and
function of tissue-resident immune cells, and the impact of metabolic constrains in
tissues on immune homeostasis and disease. Rickert and Boothby (743–755) discuss recent
evidence for the importance of different niches in the development and function of
B cells, highlighting the role of the nutrients and metabolic by products that distinguish
these sites. The image on the cover aims to capture the impact of metabolic changes
in the cellular function and form: the energy, as represented by light, and the change,
represented by different colors. Image by Maxiphoto (istockphoto.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_2.txt,ave_2,46_2.txt,"On the cover: The microbiome has become a recent source of fascination for biologists
and clinicians across several disciplines as a result of its seemingly systemic involvement
in host function (as indicated in the abstract representation on the cover). It is
becoming clear that the immune system, in particular, is shaped in part by its relationship
with the microbiome. In this special feature of Immunity, we explore the immunological study of these resident microbes from several angles.
A Perspective from Gordon and colleagues (815–823) highlights a methodology for identifying
specific taxa that are capable of inducing a particular immune response of interest.
Knight and colleagues (824–832) follow with a discussion on the importance and complexity
of considering metabolomics when analyzing the relationship between the microbiome
and the health of its host. Metabolites are central to a discussion led by Mackay
and colleagues (833–842), who propose a connection among Western diet, its effect
on the microbiome, and inflammatory disease. Lastly, Xavier and colleagues (843–854)
review our understanding of how host-microbiome interactions influence inflammatory
bowel disease and how this closely studied chronic inflammatory disorder might be
one of the more promising models for asking more precise mechanistic and clinical
questions related to the microbiome. Cover art by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/40_1.txt,allv2,40_1.txt,"On the cover: As a component of personalized medicine, precision nutrition offers
the opportunity to transform our understanding and treatment of immune-mediated chronic
inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Tailoring specific dietary
interventions to an individual's unique genetic makeup, microbiota composition, metabolism,
health status, and lifestyle has the potential to alter management of human health
and disease. In this issue, Arifuzzaman et al. review how diets rich in fiber, sugar, or fat influence the composition of the microbiota
and microbiota-derived metabolites and their impact on the balance of proinflammatory,
immune-regulatory, and tissue-protective innate and adaptive immune responses. The
authors highlight the impact of diet-microbiota communications on immunity to infection,
chronic inflammation, and cancer and outline important challenges in mechanistic understanding
that currently limit progress toward the goal of precision nutrition as a strategic
component of therapeutic interventions. Image by Mohammad Arifuzzaman and David Artis,
created with Biorender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_12.txt,groundtruth,57_12.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/20_1.png,A,"Memristors for on-chip intelligence
The image on the cover shows the optoelectronic memristor cells to be fully integrated as a 128 × 8 multi-mode array for in-sensor computing applications.
See Heyi Huang et al.
Image: Heyi Huang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Three-dimensional cellular recording
The image represents a stretchable 128 field-effect transistors array distributed in multiple units of variable heights, capable of probing cells at three different depths in a microtissue for intracellular recording of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
See Xu
IMAGE: Yue Gu, University of California San Diego COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/17_10.txt,sbert,17_10.txt,"Non-von Neumann nanoelectronics in focus
A number of non-von Neumann architectures have been proposed to circumvent the processing bottlenecks and power consumption limitations hampering further growth of classical computing. Neuromorphic computing based on the idea of the collocation of logic and memory, hyper-connectivity and parallel processing strives to emulate the neural structure of the human brain and can potentially offer substantially lower power consumption. Another brain-inspired approach is in-memory computing where computational tasks are performed within the confines of a computational memory. The cover is the artist depiction of an abacus, the oldest example of the in-memory computing concept. The abacus in the cover image features some elements of a modern in-memory computer made of nanoscale memory devices that derive their functionality from 'atomic organization', 'charge' and 'magnetic spin'.
See Sebastian et al.
Image: XVIVO Scientific Animation. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/15_6.txt,allv2,15_6.txt,"Surface potential engineering for in-memory computing
The cover image represents a distribution of nonvolatile memory charge arrays on a potential energy surface landscape. Memory arrays based on surface potential engineering can execute nonlinear activation during the computing process, resulting in low power consumption.
See Zhou et al.
Credit: Chunsen Liu & Peng Zhou, Fudan University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_8.txt,multiBv1,18_8.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_3.png,A,", electrochemical deposition: A case study is conducted targeting glyme-based room-temperature aluminum (Al) electroplating solutions. The correlation found in this study will be used as a screening index to achieve higher plating speed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Electrochromic supercapacitors offer innovative and multifunctional energy solutions by combining energy storage with smart color-changing capabilities, enhancing both energy efficiency and aesthetic integration. This study highlights the superior performance of PEDOT:PSS electrodes prepared via electrospray deposition compared to conventional spray coating.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_24.txt,allv2,2024_24.txt,"The bead-based electronic bio-assay detection using enzymatic metallization (BEAD-EM) technique is an inexpensive method for generating a sensitive direct electronic readout in bead-based immunoassays without the use of any intermediate optical instrumentation. Analyte binding to capture antigen-coated beads or microparticles is converted to probe-directed enzymatically amplified silver metallization on microparticle surfaces, as depicted in the colorized electron micrographs of metallized beads in the image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_27.txt,multiBv1,2023_27.txt,Fingerprinting reaction intermediates by spatiotemporal electrostatic potential (ESP) characterization helps unveil the catalysis mechanism,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2021_43.txt,sbert,2021_43.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_8.png,C,"Numerous highly controlled cell death programs contribute to maintain cell physiology
and are involved in disease. On pages 558–568, Riegman et al. outline the mechanisms of ferroptosis – a regulated form of necrosis – that propagates
in a wave-like manner and eliminates large cell populations, and discuss potential
exploitation of cell death propagation for cancer therapy. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/5_4.txt,allv2,5_4.txt,"The move towards effective personalized cancer targeted therapy relies on the wise
application of genomics but also on a comprehensive understanding of tumor biology.
On pages 19–27 in this issue, Allegrezza and Conejo-Garcia discuss the effects of
targeted drugs on anti-tumor immunity; on pages 28–38, Yoshihama et al. evaluate the potential of targeting NLRC5/CITA to boost immunotherapies; on pages
39–55, Knudsen and Witkiewicz debate a more precise use of CDK4/6 inhibitors; and
on pages 56–71, Colak and ten Dijke review the complexities of targeting TGF-β in
cancer. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/3_12.txt,sbert,3_12.txt,"Ferroptotic therapy represents a promising approach in cancer treatment
by exploiting nonapoptotic cell death, characterized by iron accumulation and
uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, to target cancer cells. However, its use has potential
adverse effects as well as context-dependent effects on anticancer immunity that
require consideration for successful implementation. In this issue, Catanzaro et al.
propose that immunogenicity of ferroptosis is context-dependent. In another review,
Liu et al. discuss the adverse events related to targeted ferroptosis-based therapy. The
cover depicts a golfer using his nine-iron to hit the ball (inducing ferroptosis).
Depending
on the conditions (TME, immune cells, etc.), the ball can go into the hole (on target
effect, killing cancer cell) or land outside the fairway (off-target effect, adverse
events or
immunogenicity). Cover image from gettyimages/chuwy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_8.txt,groundtruth,10_8.txt,"Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking and have been shown to
exert both pro- and antitumorigenic functions in the tumor microenvironment. New
strategies are being tested to utilize chemokines and chemokine receptors to improve
immunotherapies. In this issue, Märkl et al. review recent advances in applying or
targeting chemokines in monotherapy or in combination therapies for the treatment
of cancer. The cover depicts immunotherapy strategies (pied piper) using chemokines
(orange and yellow circles) to attract cells expressing specific chemokine receptors
(mice
with chemokine receptors) to exert antitumorigenic effects and improve immunotherapy
efficacy. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from
gettyimages/Dynamic Graphics, 2007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_5.txt,ave_2,8_5.txt,train
Science,387_6729,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6729.png,D,"COVER A blue-throated barbet (Psilopogon asiaticus) eats a fig in southern Bhutan, dispersing the seeds within. Seed-dispersing animals help fleshy-fruited plants adapt to climate change by moving seeds to suitable habitats. However, many seed dispersers are in decline, endangered, or extinct. Bird and mammal population losses have caused an estimated 60% decline in seed dispersal, limiting plants’ ability to track climate change. See page 210. 
Photo: Christian Ziegler",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/375_6577.txt,ave_2,375_6577.txt,"COVER Trees such as this aspen (Populus tremuloides) protect their meristem and leaf primordia from low temperatures during winter by establishing dormancy in apical buds. Reduction in day length, heralding the advent of winter, induces dormancy. The molecular mechanism underlying photoperiodic control of tree dormancy has been revealed to involve plant hormone–mediated blockage of plasmodesmata, channels that connect neighboring cells. See page 212.
Photo: Jeff Foott/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/360_6385.txt,ave_3,360_6385.txt,"COVER A flower color locus that underlies pollinator-mediated speciation in monkeyflowers (Mimulus) produces regulatory small RNAs that suppress the accumulation of yellow carotenoid pigments. Variation in the level of these small RNAs through either natural mutations or transgenic manipulation contributes to a great diversity of flower color in Mimulus, as shown in this image. See pages 534 and 576.
Photo: Peter Morenus/University of Connecticut",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/379_6632.txt,allv2,379_6632.txt,"COVER Pollination in walnuts (such as this Persian walnut, Juglans regia) and pecans occurs through a genetically controlled temporal flowering dimorphism. Two distinct morphs alternate their phases of male and female flowering across the season, promoting outcrossing that has maintained a stable equilibrium throughout tens of millions of years of evolution. See eado5578.
Photo: Philippe Clement/NPL/Minden Pictures",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6729.txt,groundtruth,387_6729.txt,val
Lab Animal,53_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_2.png,A,"A new cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome model
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a complex disorder made up of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. In a new Article, Carvalho et al. describe a novel mouse model of CKM syndrome induced by unilateral nephrectomy and a Western diet rich in carbohydrates, fat and salt, which could be used to study human condition and identify therapies.
See Carvalho et al
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_2.txt,groundtruth,53_2.txt,"The NeoThy humanized mouse model
Humanized mouse models with human fetal-derived hematopoietic system and lymphoid tissues are well-established, but ethical constraints and difficulties to access human fetal tissues limit their use. In a new Protocol, Del Rio, Huang et al. describe the development of the NeoThy mouse model, a humanized mouse model that incorporates neonatal thymus tissue and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells as non-fetal human tissue sources.
See Del Rio et al.
COVER IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_6.txt,ave_3,52_6.txt,"Pigs got rhythm
Pigs and humans share a vast range of characteristics, including heart anatomy, cardiac electrophysiological properties and hemodynamics, which make pigs a well suited model to study cardiovascular diseases. In a new protocol, Schüttler, Tomsits, Bleyer et al. provide a practical guide to set up pig models for heart disease research, including cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis studies.
See Schüttler et al.
ECG image: Dominik Schüttler and Sebastian Clauss. Illustration and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/51_10.txt,ave_2,51_10.txt,"Plasma metabolomics in the Nile rat model of type 2 diabetes
The Nile rat model, which develops diet-induced diabetes on conventional rodent chow, is highly valuable for mechanistic studies of type 2 diabetes. Applying metabolomic profiling on this model, Anderson et al. showed that non-fasted plasma sampling has some advantages when compared with fasted sampling, including lower replicate variance. On the cover, a photo of a pre-diabetic female Nile rat.
See Toh et al.
Cover image: Susanne Meyer, University of California, Santa Barbara. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_2.txt,allv2,52_2.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_6.png,C,"In this special focus issue on emotion, four articles highlight the integral role
of emotion in cognition. They discuss how emotion guides choice and belief, interacts
with bodily sensation, and drives regulatory interactions across individuals. Photo
illustration courtesy of iStockphoto.com and bestdesigns.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_12.txt,allv2,20_12.txt,"Affective neuroscience, social neuroscience, and neuroeconomics research has demonstrated
that the insula is involved in processing subjective feelings, empathy, and uncertainty.
However, there is currently no integrative model of insular functions. On pages 334–340,
Tania Singer, Hugo D. Critchley and Kerstin Preuschoff put forward a novel proposal
that integrates the contribution of insular cortex to physiological and emotional
states with empathic understanding and behavioural risk processing. The authors discuss
how the proposed mechanism could guide affective learning, bodily homeostasis, and
complex decision making under uncertainty. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/13_5.txt,sbert,13_5.txt,"Over the past decade, research has demonstrated that interoception
is associated with both the quality and intensity of humans’ affective experiences.
However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how signals from the body
produce affective states. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, M. J. Feldman,
E. Bliss-Moreau, and K. A. Lindquist integrate and build on prior theorizing to discuss
how bodily signals are transduced, transmitted, compressed, and integrated to produce
affective experiences. In doing so, they provide insight into the distinct phenomenology
of affective experiences. Cover image from DrAfter123/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_6.txt,groundtruth,28_6.txt,"Humans are intrinsically interested in tracking interpersonal relationships.
Although much research has explored how people track and represent their own
relationships, tracking relationships between third parties, particularly in the large,
complexly bonded social networks that humans inhabit, may require a distinct set
of skills. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Ruby Basyouni and Carolyn
Parkinson synthesize findings from social and cognitive neuroscience, social and
developmental psychology, applied economics, sociology, and behavioral ecology to
advance our understanding of the acquisition, representation, and consequences of
knowledge of interpersonal relationships between third parties and of characteristics
of the social networks that those relationships comprise. Cover image from ktsimage/
iStock/Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_10.txt,multiBv1,26_10.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_9.png,C,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_6.txt,ave_3,20_6.txt,"Cardiac health and disease in Latin America and Africa, inspired by the Review on p849.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_1.txt,sbert,21_1.txt,"Global echocardiography for rheumatic heart disease, inspired by the Evidence-based Guidelines on p250.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_9.txt,groundtruth,21_9.txt,"Imaging coronary arteries, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p696.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.png,C,"The motions of the heart are regulated by electrophysiological signals, which can be monitored and altered by bioelectronic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, soft bioelectronic devices, composed of deformable and conductive materials, can be implanted or designed as wearable devices to enable conformal contact with heart tissue or the skin for real-time and precise diagnosis and treatment. See Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Neurological disorders or traumatic events that cause hand paralysis limit our ability to reach and manipulate objects with our hands. Neuroprosthetic technologies, and, in particular, ‘brain-to-body’ interfaces, may decode hand motor intent from brain signals and activate muscles accordingly, allowing voluntary control of movements while bypassing the neurological lesion. See Elena Losanno et al.
Cover image: Jeeshiu Design. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,ave_3,2_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_1.png,A,"The cover depicts an integrated methane dehydroaromatization modular process being transported to natural gas extraction sites across various geographical terrains, ranging from the Rocky Mountains to deserts. The network nodes on the left symbolize the use of computational tools to infer the optimality of the modular process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. González-Castano et al., “Toward Economically and Environmentally Optimal Operations in Natural Gas Based Petrochemical Sites” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04598)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_45.txt,allv2,2018_45.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Akach et al., “Simulation of the Light Distribution in a Solar Photocatalytic Bubble Column Reactor Using the Monte Carlo Method” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02124); J. Lee et al., “Double-Tube Reactor Design and Process Optimization for On-Site Steam Methane Reforming Processes” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02875); and D. O. Abranches et al., “Solubility Enhancement of Hydrophobic Substances in Water/Cyrene Mixtures: A Computational Study (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03155).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_12.txt,ave_3,2020_12.txt,"used on this cover have been selected from the following papers in the PSE Advanced in Natural Gas Value Chain Special Issue: Mikolajkova et al., “Mixed Integer Linear Programming Optimization of Gas Supply to a Local Market” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04197); and Yang et al., “Manufacturing Ethylene from Wet Shale Gas and Biomass: Comparative Technoeconomic Analysis and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03731).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_35.txt,ave_2,2018_35.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.png,B,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Upper, left to right) Aromatic Stabilization and Hybridization Trends in Photoelectron Imaging of Heterocyclic Radicals and Anions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (38), 9770–9777) and Mario Molina Festschrift (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (19)). (Center) Infrared-Driven Charge Transfer in Transition Metal B12F12 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (31), 8469–8475). (Lower, left to right) Snapshots of Proton Accommodation at a Microscopic Water Surface: Understanding the Vibrational Spectral Signatures of the Charge Defect in Cryogenically Cooled H+(H2O)n=2–28 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (36), 9425–9440) and Effect of Solvent on the O2(a1Δg) → O2(b1Σg+) Absorption Coefficient (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (35), 9236–9243).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2016_28.txt,ave_3,2016_28.txt,"Early-Career and Emerging Researchers in Physical Chemistry Volume 2 Virtual Special Issue. Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A by authors whose work appears in this VSI. Clockwise from top left: Heterogeneous and Photosensitized Oxidative Degradation Kinetics of the Plastic Additive Bisphenol-A in Sea Spray Aerosol Mimics (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (21), 4724–4733). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00127); Low Barrier Methyl Internal Rotations and 14N Quadrupole Coupling in the Microwave Spectrum of 2,4-Dimethylthiazole (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (28), 5779–5789. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01008); Simulation of Cocrystal Formation in Planetary Atmospheres: The C6H6:C2H2 Cocrystal Produced by Gas Deposition (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (10), 2322–2335. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08791); Particle-Breaking Hartree–Fock Theory for Open Molecular Systems (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (5), 1329–1341. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07686); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Ion-Pair Formation in n-Butyl Bromide through 5p Ryberg State Predissociation (J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126 (51), 9651–9657. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2023_9.txt,ave_2,2023_9.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_5.png,D,"Perovskite displays
Artistic images of green perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) pixels integrated onto a thin-film-transistor backplane to create high-definition active matrix displays. This work represents a start point to bringing PeLEDs from the laboratory towards commercial displays.
See Li et al.
Image: Jiajun Luo from Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_8.txt,multiBv1,17_8.txt,"Efficient perovskite emitters
Perovskite–polymer LEDs with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 20% are demonstrated. Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals that non-radiative losses are fully eliminated leading to near-100% internal electroluminescence quantum efficiencies. The perovskite–polymer light emitter shows significant potential for display, lighting and communications applications.
See Di et al.
Image: Baodan Zhao, Richard H. Friend, Dawei Di, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/12_1.txt,ave_3,12_1.txt,"Electronic paper that offers a large contrast, strong saturated colours and a bright appearance in ambient light may soon be a realistic prospect thanks to the development of an electrofluidic display. The display reported by Jason Heikenfeld and his co-workers operates by using electromechanical forces to control the extent to which water-based inks cover the surface of miniature aluminium reflectors that serve as pixels.
Cover design by Tom Wilson.
Article by Heikenfeld  et. al",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"Stretchable displays
A soft ribbon-shaped perovskite electroluminescent display simultaneously offers multicolour output, stretchability, high brightness, and double-sided emission. This dynamic display capability holds promise for broad applications in interactive wearable devices, artificial skin, and soft robotics.
See Chun et al.
Image: Dr. Fengjun Chun, City University of Hong Kong. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_5.txt,groundtruth,18_5.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_91,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_91.png,D,"ONLINE COVER  ILCs Bust a Gut. Shown is an immunofluorescence image of a cecal section stained for collagen (magenta) and nuclei (DAPI, cyan). Lo et al. report that infection-induced gut fibrosis was attenuated in mice lacking group 3 innate lymphoid cells. [CREDIT: Bernard Lo/The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/1_3.txt,sbert,1_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Niche for Gut Macrophages. Intestinal macrophages are a heterogenous population that contributes to gut homeostasis and host defense. Chiaranunt et al. identify solitary isolated lymphoid tissue (SILT) as a specialized niche for integrating microbial and host-derived signals to guide colonic monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation. This month’s cover depicts macrophage development in SILT as flowering lily pads, which require the support of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and energy provided by a diverse microbial ecosystem. Credit: Carolina de Amat Herbozo",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_86.txt,allv2,8_86.txt,"ONLINE COVER Waves of IgA Regulate the Intestinal Microbiota. This month’s cover depicts the dynamic interplay between immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the commensal microbiota in the intestinal lumen. Penny and Domingues et al. report that secretory IgA exhibits daily rhythms in its release from lamina propria plasma cells into the intestinal tract, which are controlled by signals provided by food and the circadian clock. These “waves” of IgA regulate the daily oscillations in the relative abundance of commensal gut microbes to help maintain gut homeostasis. Credit: Helena Pinheiro",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_75.txt,multiBv1,7_75.txt,"ONLINE COVER Gut Immunocytes Travel Far and Wide. The mammalian gut is a site where dietary antigens, the microbiota, and a wide array of different cell types interact with one another to produce effects both local and systemic. Galván-Peña et al. used Kaede photoconvertible mice and single-cell genomics to track immune cell migration from the colon to the rest of the body in both homeostatic and inflammatory contexts to help delineate how the gut mediates interorgan communication. This month’s cover illustration depicts Kaede immune cells as they photoconvert from green to red fluorescence after exposure to ultraviolet light in the colon, marking them as they travel to sites far beyond the gut. Credit: A. Mastin/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_91.txt,groundtruth,9_91.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_6.png,B,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 4125–4136. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00306). Clockwise from top left: Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (3), 775–780. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248); Significance of Nonadiabatic Effects on Efficient Triplet Generation in Lumazines (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (37), 7739–7746. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04121); Charge-Shifted Weak Noncovalent Interactions in the Atmospherically Important OCS Microhydrates (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (15), 3293–3304. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07670); Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (18), 3925–3939. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454); Autonomous Single-Molecule Manipulation Based on Reinforcement Learning (J. Phys. Chem. A 2023, 127 (8), 2041–2050. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08696).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_47.txt,multiBv1,2024_47.txt,"This cover feature depicts the immobilization of a [Ru(bpy)2(nicotine)2](Cl)2 (Ru-nico) complex from the aqueous solution to a polymer film. The Ru-nico complex in aqueous solution and rigid media, such as poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer films, were subjected to ultrafast transient absorption and emission studies. The findings provide ligand dissociation dynamics of the Ru-nico complex as the nicotine ligand gradually detaches from the Ru ion in solution, whereas this dissociation is inhibited in polymer films. This restricted ligand dissociation in films results in an emissive and long-lived state of Ru-nico in comparison to a nonemissive and short-lived state in solution. Cover design by Mohini Semwal and Ratnadip De.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Pulse radiolysis experiments unlock the excited state and transient species of rubrene−an important organic semiconductor for photon upconversion applications. Rubrene in its triplet state has now been shown to react with ground-state rubrene, generating the radical anion and radical cation of rubrene as electron transfer products. Understanding the complex excited-state deactivation pathways of rubrene will lead to improved manipulation of excited-state species for optoelectronic and light-conversion applications. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,"2011, 111, 1346–1416. (Middle right) UV–Vis Action Spectroscopy of Guanine, 9-Methylguanine, and Guanosine Cation Radicals in the Gas Phase. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 3272–3284. (Bottom left) Modeling Carbon Dioxide Vibrational Frequencies in Ionic Liquids: IV. Temperature Dependence. J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 3797–3803. (Bottom right) Heterogeneous Interactions between Gas-Phase Pyruvic Acid and Hydroxylated Silica Surfaces: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123, 5983–5991. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2019_17.txt,sbert,2019_17.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_11.png,B,"HLA alleles restrict TCR hypervariable regions
HLA alleles influence the amino acid compositions of T cell receptors (TCRs). The DNA ‘yarn’ has different HLA alleles, represented by different colors, which create the TCR ‘knit’. The red HLA allele is the risk allele that increases pathogenic TCRs, damaging the surrounding knit. Ishigaki et al. developed a statistical approach to map and quantify the HLA genetic control over TCRs.
See Ishigaki et al.
Image: Mao Miyamoto, Photo 49151268 ©Jenifoto406. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_9.txt,ave_2,54_9.txt,"Skin pigmentation diversity in Africans
Characterization of functional variants associated with skin pigmentation in ethnically diverse Africans elucidates their regulatory effect on melanin levels and identifies CYB561A3 as a regulator of pigmentation.
See Feng et al.
Image: Hadynyah/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_11.txt,groundtruth,56_11.txt,"Skin mutant clones
Mutant clones in facial skin from middle-aged people in the UK. Colored circles indicate mutated genes under positive selection.
See King et al.
Image: Charlotte King. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_4.txt,allv2,55_4.txt,"Regulatory variants in cattle
Unraveling the tissue-specific genetic regulation of gene expression is essential for both biological discovery and genetic improvement in farm animals. In this analysis, the FarmGTEx consortium builds a multi-tissue atlas of regulatory variants in cattle and shows the importance of this resource to understanding regulatory mechanisms underlying complex traits of economic value. The FarmGTEx consortium is working on other farm animal species now.
See Liu et al.
Image: Image courtesy of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_4.txt,multiBv1,54_4.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,46_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_1.png,D,"Pazopanib alleviates LPS-induced inflammation through the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. A schematic diagram shows our small molecule compound library screening, and the VEGFR inhibitor pazopanib inhibits microglial hyperactivation and protects dopaminergic neurons from neuroinflammation-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. Pazopanib alleviates LPS-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_7.txt,ave_1,44_7.txt,"In the context demyelination, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is needed to facilitate the efficient clearance of myelin debris, a process that paves the way for subsequent remyelination. By employing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, we revealed that microglial function is highly affected in terms of the functional activity of TRPV1. Global activation of TRPV1 drives microglia to demyelinating sites and enhances microglial phagocytosis, whereas TRPV1-deficient microglia failed to do so. The scavenger receptor CD36 mediates the enhanced phagocytosis following TRPV1 activation in microglia, accompanied by potential metabolic shift with downregulation of glycolysis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_9.txt,allv2,44_9.txt,"Schematic diagram of the role of FOXO3a in TMZ-induced BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. TMZ treatment induced the excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide. The overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide not only resulted in mitochondrial depolarization and AIF translocation from mitochondria into nuclei but also led to intracellular accumulation of ROS and ROS-dependent DNA DSBs. Within nuclei, AIF could be recruited to γH2AX that are generated when DNA DSBs occur and could act as a nuclease to degrade DNA (chromatinolysis). Thus, mitochondrial superoxide contributes to TMZ-triggered glioma cell death. On the other hand, the expression of the transcription factor FOXO3a was upregulated by ROS and promoted the expression of BNIP3 and ATG5. BNIP3 was distributed to damaged mitochondria, and ATG5 initiated the formation of phagophores. Then, the mitochondria primed by BNIP3 were engulfed by phagophores to form mitophagosomes, and mitophagosomes fused with lysosomes to form mitolysosomes. Within mitolysosomes, mitochondria are eventually degraded by enzymes released from the lysosomes. Thus, autophagic removal of mitochondria with increased superoxide levels inhibited TMZ-induced glioma cell death via suppression of mitochondria-related oxidative stress. Taken together, these data show that FOXO3a protects glioma cells against temozolomide-induced DNA double-strand breaks via promotion of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_5.txt,multiBv1,42_5.txt,"Cover Credit: Under transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/Re) condition in vivo and in vitro, astrocyte-derived VEGFD activates the VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) located on the membrane of astrocytes and microglia, respectively, disrupting astrocytic interleukin-3 (IL-3)/microglial IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα) crosstalk, leading to the activation of A1 astrocytes and M1 microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory cytokines. The disruption of this crosstalk between IL-3 and IL-3Rα induces lipid metabolic reprogramming of microglia evidenced by upregulating CPT1A expression, a rate-limiting enzyme for the mitochondrial β-oxidation, causing accumulated lipid droplets (LDs), activated microglia and neuroinflammation, reduced glycerophospholipids levels, microglial phagocytosis dysfunction and necrosis, as well as neuronal cell death. The therapeutic interventions by VEGFR antagonist axitinib or exogenous IL-3 can reestablish the IL-3/IL-3Rα crosstalk, reducing astrocytes and microglia activation, LDs accumulation and neuroinflammation, and restoring microglial phagocytotic function, ultimately contributing to brain recovery from tMCAO insult. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01405-6). See the article in pages 292–307",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/46_1.txt,groundtruth,46_1.txt,val
ACS Energy Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2025_2.png,B,"Inspired by traditional knit art, Ke et al. develop the switchable surfaces for on-demand radiative cooling and solar heat gain of building facades. They demonstrate the surface to be a versatile platform for diverse material integrations to cut down heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy usage in buildings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,in situ,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"In this Perspective, surface- and solution-mediated growth mechanisms of discharge products in alkali metal",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_11.txt,sbert,2021_11.txt,An in situ magnetometry technique sensitive to electronic states is applied to monitor the real-time status of fast charging transition metal chalcogenide anodes for sodium-ion batteries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_783,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_783.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Restoring RBM20. This image shows cardiac tissue from mice carrying an R636Q mutation in the gene encoding RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20). In this image, precise in vivo adenine base editing (ABE) has restored the localization of RBM20 (green) to the nucleus (blue) and markedly reduced ribonucleoprotein granules outside the nucleus (cardiac troponin T is shown in red). Nishiyama et al. used ABE and prime editing to precisely correct mutations in RBM20, which are common causes of familial dilated cardiomyopathy, in pluripotent stem cells in vitro. In R636Q/R636Q mice, ABE resulted in improved RBM20 localization, cardiac function, and lifespan, suggesting that these precise editing approaches may be able to treat familial dilated cardiomyopathies. Credit: Nishiyama et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/14_672.txt,ave_2,14_672.txt,"ONLINE COVER Increasing DNA Damage. The cover shows a confocal image of LM2-4175 breast cancer cells treated with guanosine diphosphate-mannose (GDP-M), highlighting cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in green, mitochondria in red, and cell nuclei in blue. Reprogrammed metabolism affects homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in multiple cancers, but how metabolites regulate HRD in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still unknown. In this study, Ding et al. revealed that GDP-M enhances HRD by promoting degradation of BRCA2, resulting in increased cytosolic dsDNA in cancer cells. In syngeneic mouse models of TNBC, GDP-M supplementation enhanced the efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitor treatment and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immunotherapy. These findings support the development of a combination therapy involving GDP-M, PARP inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of TNBCs with low HRD scores. Credit: Ding et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/16_728.txt,multiBv1,16_728.txt,"ONLINE COVER Manipulating Mitochondrial DNA. The cover shows a cross-section of a skeletal muscle fiber stained for cytochrome c oxidase activity (dark brown), an indicator of mitochondrial function, in a mouse treated with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base editor to correct a mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA. Mitochondrial disorders are often caused by mutations in mtDNA that are difficult to correct with traditional gene editing. Barrera-Paez et al. used a dose-dependent mitochondrial DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to successfully correct a mitochondrial tRNA mutation in mouse heart and muscle. However, at the highest doses of editing, DdCBE induced off-target DNA edits resulting in severe adverse effects in the mice. Together, the results suggest that DdCBE is a promising tool for mitochondrial gene editing, but caution is required to avoid dose-dependent adverse effects. Credit: Jose Domingo Barrera-Paez",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_783.txt,groundtruth,17_783.txt,"ONLINE COVER Moving Mitochondria. Shown is a computer illustration of a mitochondrion, the organelle that produces energy for cells. Mitochondria carry their own DNA, and mutations in this DNA can cause multisystemic diseases that have no cure. Here, Jacoby et al. applied mitochondrial augmentation therapy (MAT) to treat six children carrying large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions. They isolated mitochondria from maternal blood cells and transferred the mitochondria to CD34+ cells of the children ex vivo. These augmented CD34+ cells were then infused back into the children. The approach was safe and feasible, and the children showed some signs of improvement, suggesting that MAT could be further investigated for the treatment of these disorders. Credit: Kateryna Kon/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/14_676.txt,allv2,14_676.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_1.png,A,"Vol 31 | Issue 3
As the new semester gets underway, BDJ Student leads on a question many of you have been asking: what does artificial intelligence mean to me as a student?
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"Vol 30 | Issue 3
BDJ Student is just one cog in the BDJ portfolio, but how much do you know about the other journals?

Our lead feature in this issue explores some of the great content produced across the six journals and introduces you to the titles
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,"Vol 30 | Issue 1
New Year, new goals, new challenges. BDJ Student helps you meet whatever your goals are with its usual high-quality mix of professional development, careers advice and clinical insight
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_3.txt,multiBv1,30_3.txt,"Volume 29 | Issue 1
Welcome to your new-look BDJ Student, featuring the same clinical insight, career options and professional development as before.

Be sure to check out our handy 'how to' guides, covering a wide range of topics
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/29_3.txt,ave_3,29_3.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_6.png,C,"Dielectric resonant meta-optics has emerged recently as a low-loss platform for nanophotonic devices. It is driven by the tight confinement of the local electromagnetic fields and multiple interferences that boost many optical effects and offer novel opportunities for the subwavelength control of light-matter interaction.  This Perspective reviews the physics and applications of active, light-emitting nanoscale structures for novel types of light sources employing resonant dielectric nanostructures for the efficient control of emission from quantum dots, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, and halide perovskites. The image represents an artist’s view of a light-emitting Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01326. Image courtesy of Ella Marushchenko and Alexander Tokarev.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2019_9.txt,multiBv1,2019_9.txt,Structural optimization of silicon metagrating enables deflection of incident light at a desired angle with near-unity efficiency. The cover image conceptually illustrates the design process of the metagrating beam deflector by freeform optimization based on deep reinforcement learning.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,"An intelligent meta-device with a stereo vision meta-lens can provide a multimodal assisted driving vision by integrating the raw image, instance labels, bounding boxes, segmentation masks in depth pseudo color, and depth information for each detected object.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"The realization of metasurfaces on unconventional materials can enable advances in integrated optoelectronics and high-temperature photonics. Highlighted on the cover, the front image depicts a plasmonic metasurface made from single-crystalline titanium nitride thin films and its optical intensity profiles in the near-field and far-field regimes. The background image represents large-area patterning of a range of different titanium nitride metasurfaces designed by an evolutionary algorithm that can be prototyped on a single substrate. The highlighted metasurface consists of an array of anisotropic nanoholes that enable dynamic switching between two different focal points (blue and red) by changing the polarization state of incident light. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00955. Image courtesy of Teri W. Odom",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_10.txt,sbert,2017_10.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.png,C,"While the importance of plant decomposition to ecosystems is broadly recognised, we
have less appreciation of the role of animal decomposition. On pages 950-961, Philip
Barton and colleagues discuss how quantities of carrion biomass derived from individual
carcasses can be scaled up using population metrics, this would allow for comparisons
of its contribution among different ecosystems. Pictured is a carcass of an eastern
grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) in a grassy woodland near Canberra, Australia. Photo: Philip Barton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/34_3.txt,sbert,34_3.txt,"Although it is known to be an important rate-limiting factor in photosynthesis, diffusion
of CO2 within leaves is often overlooked in discussions about the effects of climate
change. On pages 136–142 of this issue, Ülo Niinemets, Jaume Flexas and Josep Peñuelas
suggest that faster diffusion of CO2 within leaves could be behind the observed range
expansion of evergreen sclerophylls, such as the conifers shown on this month’s cover.
Image: Roine Magnusson/Digital Images/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/26_10.txt,multiBv1,26_10.txt,"As CO2 levels increase, plants produce more biomass. However, the
concentration of essential elements is reduced. This means herbivores such as the
pipevine swallowtail caterpillar (Battus philenor) pictured, are feeding on lower quality
plant tissue – a phenomenon referred to as “nutrient dilution”. On pages 809–820,
Michael Kaspari and Ellen Welti argue that nutrient dilution could be a key driver
in global
herbivore declines. Image credit: David Rintoul.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_4.txt,groundtruth,39_4.txt,"On pp. 15–27 of this month's issue, Nate McDowell and colleagues predict an increase
in extreme chronic disequilibrium of ecosystem function across the globe. They also
discuss the theory behind climate-induced, size-dependent plant mortality to ecosystems
and so mechanistically link chronic disturbance of ecosystems to resilience planning.
Photo: Sonoran Desert, Mexico. Tomas Castelazo via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/33_12.txt,allv2,33_12.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_2.png,C,"On the cover: The gut microbiome modulates metabolism, but whether regulation of blood
glucose levels is secondary to alterations in thermogenesis is unresolved. In this
issue, Krisko et al. (pp. 592–604) demonstrate dissociation of hepatic gluconeogenesis,
which is supported by metabolites of the gut microbiome, from adaptive thermogenesis,
which is unaffected by germ-free conditions. The cover illustrates a mouse with an
intact gut microbiome effortlessly vaulting to maintain blood glucose, while the competitor,
who lacks gut microbes, struggles to clear the bar. On the track, a race between sprinting
mice with or without a gut microbiome represents thermogenesis as a “dead heat.” Illustration
by Alex R. Cohen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_4.txt,sbert,31_4.txt,"On the cover: There are a number of hypotheses as to how excess nutrients cause insulin
resistance, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. For this Special Focus on Lipids and
Insulin Resistance, Cell Metabolism is pleased to present ten Perspectives, each putting forward one of the leading hypotheses
underlying the mechanism(s) connecting nutrients and insulin resistance. The cover,
designed by Yvonne Blanco, is an artistic rendition of the “maze-like” effect where
many paths may lead to insulin resistance and fatty liver disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/15_2.txt,allv2,15_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liao et al. reveal amino acid as a major carbon supplier for fatty acid synthesis in the liver.
The landscape painting metaphorically illustrates the distinct metabolic fates of
amino acid and carbohydrate: (1) the blue waterfall representing amino acid flux pours
directly into the liver-shaped yellow pool symbolizing hepatic lipid deposition; (2)
the red river depicting glucose flux first drains into a lake portraying glycogen
synthesis, and the remaining branch winds through indirect pathways for conversion
to lactate/acetate before reaching the downstream pool. Illustration by Yilie Liao
and Yun Gu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_2.txt,groundtruth,36_2.txt,"On the cover: Although metabolism and apoptosis are critical for cellular homeostasis,
the connectivity between the two processes is unclear. On pp. 1217–1231, Lin et al.
use CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify metabolic genes capable of influencing
cellular commitment to apoptosis. This analysis reveals metabolic pathways that specifically
cooperate with BCL-2 to sustain survival and maps out new potential targets for chemotherapy
in tumor cells. The cover image uses a cartographic metaphor to illustrate the concept
of a metabolic-apoptotic interface (represented by the vertical mountain range) being
actively mapped by a “CRISPR” pencil. Artwork by Leah Bury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/29_2.txt,multiBv1,29_2.txt,val
Cell Genomics,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/5_1.png,D,"On the cover: Our ability to understand mammalian physiology and disease has long
been limited by the availability of tools for high-throughput genetic dissection of
phenomena directly within the living organism. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Keys and Knouse establish genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver.
This accessible and adaptable platform offers a powerful foundation for uncovering
the complete genetic regulation of diverse phenotypes within a living mammal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Understanding human genetic diversity can elucidate critical host-pathogen
interactions. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Gibbs et al. leveraged a cellular genome-wide association study to discover that
variation across a chromosome 1 locus was associated with intracellular replication
of Salmonella Typhi and regulated protein abundance of human mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2), a divalent cation
channel. Mechanistic studies revealed that MCOLN2 restricts S. Typhi replication via magnesium deprivation, demonstrating that natural human genetic
diversity leads to variable nutritional immunity. The cover art is titled “Revealing
the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.” One strand of DNA is shown with nucleotides
from the MCOLN2 locus, including an associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. Salmonella forms the second strand of DNA, symbolizing the microbe's evolutionary pressure and
genetic interaction with the host genome, down to even a single nucleotide. Artist:
Trisha Dalapati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_2.txt,allv2,5_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_17.png,C,"On the cover: Artistic representation of Fgf/Erk signaling dynamics associated with
mitosis, as visualized live using a modified Erk kinase translocation reporter (modErk-KTR)–depicted
here as the whiteboard eraser. The image shows the organisms (zebrafish (blue), Drosophila (green), and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in which the reporter was tested and optimized.
Prior to mitosis, cells at the zebrafish embryonic margin and Drosophila blastula poles rapidly shut down Erk signaling in a process referred to as mitotic
erasure, as represented in the image by the eraser. Daughter cells must subsequently
reactivate signaling post-mitosis. To learn more about this Erk reporter, see Wilcockson et al. Image credit: Scott Wilcockson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_2.txt,sbert,58_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's
progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial
cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect
on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment.
Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_2.txt,allv2,56_2.txt,"On the cover: “Break the cocoon into a butterfly”: a diagrammatic representation of
cell fate transitions during trans-differentiation in the mouse embryo. The intact
cocoon, broken cocoon, and flying butterfly represent initial, transition, and terminal
states of trans-differentiation, respectively. Breaking the cocoon represents a lineage
barrier being overcome, triggered by certain stresses, such as inflammatory signal-mediated
developmental stress. To learn more about the role of inflammatory signaling in triggering
trans-differentiation events in the mouse embryo, see Zhang et al. Image credit: Feng Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_17.txt,groundtruth,59_17.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of the increasing complexity of the developing
mouse embryo. The bright colors represent the embryonic lineage (epiblast), whereas
the dark blue color represents the supportive (extraembryonic) tissues. After the
blastocyst implants (E4.5, top, middle image), the embryo transforms into an early
egg cylinder (E5.5, top, right image). At E5.5, the epiblast (white/cyan) is an epithelial
monolayer surrounding the proamnioitic cavity. By E7.5 (bottom right), the epiblast
is patterned into anterior (yellow/orange) and posterior (white/cyan) regions, which
further increases its complexity, initiating organogenesis at E8.5 (bottom left).
To learn more about the process of embryonic morphogenesis, read Kim et al., pp. 1937–1956.
Image credit: Yung Su Kim and Ivan Bedzhov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_9.txt,multiBv1,57_9.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_12.png,B,"Tissue adaptation, inspired by the Review on p807.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_1.txt,multiBv1,23_1.txt,"Myelin sheath repair, inspired by the Review on p49.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_12.txt,groundtruth,24_12.txt,"The long road to recovery, inspired by the Review on p618.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_3.txt,ave_3,23_3.txt,"DNA repair, inspired by the Review on p75.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_11.txt,allv2,23_11.txt,test
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_9.png,A,"Bioplastics are derived from renewable carbon sources and/or are degradable at their end-of-life stage, thereby providing a potential solution to plastics pollution. However, lengthy and expensive testing and certification processes, as well as greenwashing and public misconceptions currently hinder the widespread usage and adequate disposal of bioplastics. See Lam Tan Hao et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_9.txt,groundtruth,2_9.txt,"Plants are used as crops, sources of medicines, fragrances, flavours, engineering substrates for recombinant products and carbon sinks. However, population growth, climate change and diseases pose serious challenges to systems reliant on plants, including exacerbation of food insecurity owing to increased demand and falling yields. Nanomaterials can be designed for the genetic manipulation of plants to promote plant regeneration and transformation. See Henry J. Squire et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"Less than 1% of the Earth’s freshwater is estimated to be accessible, and its contamination with plastic waste, heavy metals, organic pollutants, oil spills as well as bacterial and viral pathogens represents a severe ecological threat. Micro- and nanorobots can be designed to remove and degrade water contaminants to increase the accessibility of fresh and clean water around the globe. See Mario Urso et al.
Cover image: Laurent Mekul.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_4.png,B,"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising approach for treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) because of its precise controllability, high spatiotemporal accuracy, and minimal invasive nature. In contrast to traditional porphyrin-based photosensitizers with the limitation of aggregation-caused quenching, conjugated polymer (CP) nanoparticles show bright fluorescence with high stability and effectively produce reactive oxygen species under light irradiation, which permits targeted imaging and PDT of TNBC in a murine tumor model. The application of CP nanoparticles in the successful theranostics of TNBC could pave the way for future development of CP-based photosensitizers for clinical applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2018_39.txt,allv2,2018_39.txt,"One novel nanoplatform integrating fluorescence/photothermal/magnetic resonance multimodal imaging with chemodynamic/photothermal/gas synergistic therapy has been successfully prepared, which exhibits an excellent colon cancer targeting and inhibiting effect.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"This cover art illustrates the four building blocks of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)- and AS1411-modified tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (AS1411-T-5-FU) and its functions inside cancer cells. This study demonstrates that AS1411-T-5-FU enters cells via endocytosis and specifically shows strong cytotoxicity to MCF7 cells, eventually leading to cell apoptosis. Its nontoxicity towards healthy cells significantly ameliorates the severe side effects caused by simple 5-FU, and its excellent targeting and antiproliferative activities promote it as a promising candidate in tumor therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2019_34.txt,ave_3,2019_34.txt,"poly(δ,λ-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with A549 cancer cell membrane camouflage to fabricate versatile nanoprobes (AM-PP@ICGNPs). They are like Trojan horses that specifically recognize tumor cells through homologous adhesion. Three little soldiers emerge from the Trojan horse, representing 19F-magnetic resonance/fluorescence/photoacoustic triple modal tumor imaging. In addition, under near-infrared",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,val
Nature Mental Health,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_12.png,A,"Neuromodulating psychological traits
In this issue, Williams et al. present the results from the Stanford Hypnosis Integrated with Functional Connectivity-targeted Transcranial Stimulation (SHIFT) trial investigating imaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) to increase the ability to be hypnotized. Hypnosis has been posited as a non-pharmacological intervention for functional pain disorders. The trial demonstrated that in a sample of participants with fibromyalgia syndrome, inhibition of the L-DLPFC was associated with greater ability to be hypnotized, indicative of a promising target for noninvasive neuromodulation. The cover depicts a representation of neuromodulation of the L-DLPFC during the SHIFT paradigm.
See Williams et al.
Image: Ori Dvir. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,"ADHD in adulthood
The cover of the May issue uses a braid of several colorful threads woven together to symbolize some of the current thinking about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adulthood. Adult ADHD is not well understood and, consequently, can be overdiagnosed, underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. But recent work has attempted to identify the ways in which ADHD in adulthood may be both different from and similar to ADHD diagnosed in childhood by bringing many strands of research together. The braid also symbolizes the need for increasing the awareness of, reducing the stigma of and providing better treatment and multifactorial support for people with ADHD in adulthood.
Read more in our Editorial about the neurobiological basis of ADHD in adults and parental support and self-management in people with ADHD transitioning to adulthood.
Image and cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_8.txt,sbert,2_8.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_2.png,B,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,sbert,2023_7.txt,"Three simple Schiff bases were designed to investigate their structure–function correlations. Detailed optical studies and interesting emission switching and tuning was observed through base fume exposures, leading to discovery of a wearable fluorochromic ammonia sensor with potential for development of ammonia protective masks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,train
Macromolecules,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_3.png,A,Schematic illustration of the mechanical characterization of nanocomposite materials by atomic force microscopy and the modulus–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Schematic representation of fabrication methods for all-organic, bio-inspired polymer nanocomposites containing either preformed nanorods, self-assembling small molecules, or electrospun fibers as filler components. See page 9217.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_3.txt,sbert,2010_3.txt,"Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its continuous evolution, has played an increasingly important role in polymer science for revealing the interplay between structure, dynamics, and properties. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_24.txt,allv2,2018_24.txt,"Schematic representation of a four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy experiment, where the electron beam (in green) scans across a block copolymer sample (in black/white) recording diffraction patterns (below) that reveal the orientation (rainbow colors) of the semicrystalline crystalline structure (shown top left as the atomic structure).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_13.txt,multiBv1,2024_13.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_5.png,A,"In ""Chiroptical Smart Paints: Polymerization of Helical Structures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Films"" (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_5.txt,groundtruth,2021_5.txt,"Photonic crystals are structures that form their color by diffraction rather than by electronic transition. In ""Emulsion Polymerization, Size Determination, and Self-Assembly of Monodispersed Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanospheres for Photonics"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00621), George Lisensky, Fabian Dauzvardis, Jiaqi Luo, Jacob Horger, and Emma Koenig present a laboratory experiment in which students create their own synthetic opal (microfuge tubes) to template an inverse opal (background SEM image) while using two forms of polymerization. During the experiment, students synthesize ~250 nm poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres. The spheres are self-assembled by sedimentation and capillary evaporation, and these close-packed structures exhibit opalescence because the repeat distance is similar to the wavelength of light. Students gain exposure to polymers, nanochemistry, photonics, and self-assembly to measure the size of the PMMA nanospheres by four different methods. This experiment provides students with opportunities to collaborate and work on multiple related experiments at once.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_10.txt,allv2,2020_10.txt,"Experimental methods for determining 3-D atomic structures, such as crystallography, are not commonly taught in the undergraduate curriculum, yet are crucial for 3-D structure determination in a research setting. In ""Teaching Crystallography by Determining Small Molecule Structures and 3-D Printing: An Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Module"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00206), Jacob P. Brannon, Isaac Ramirez, DaShawn Williams, Gregory A. Barding, Yan Liu, Kathryn M. McCulloch, Perumalreddy Chandrasekaran, and S. Chantal E. Stieber discuss a new approach for teaching crystallography to advanced undergraduates through a laboratory module incorporating microscopic evaluation of crystals, structure determination of an organometallic complex, and 3-D printing of structure files found in the literature. Although a fully physical understanding of crystallography takes years of practice, practical applications and basic interpretation of small-molecule crystallography can be readily integrated into undergraduate curricula to give students a research-like laboratory experience.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_5.txt,ave_1,2020_5.txt,"In ""Synthesizing Substituted 2-Amino-2-chromenes Catalyzed by Tertiaryamine-Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile Fiber for Students To Investigate Multicomponent Reactions and Heterogeneous Catalysis"" (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_1.txt,multiBv1,2016_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Chemistry,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/9_1.png,D,"Metal organic cages can be designed to encapsulate multiple guests. Understanding the design rules that enable selective multiple binding of different guests will enable new guest–guest chemistry to be explored with possible applications in catalysis and sensing. See Rizzuto et al.
Image: Felix Rizzuto, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_9.txt,allv2,3_9.txt,"By mimicking the structure of cells, single- or multi-compartmented molecular nanoreactors have been developed. In their shells and pores of tuneable dimensions, catalytic sites can be embedded, making such nanoreactors a customisable material with applications in fields as diverse as phase separation, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, and bioengineering. For a discussion on the chemistry behind such nanoreactors, see Ma et al.
Image: Dongyuan Zhao; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.txt,ave_2,8_1.txt,"Interlocked molecules &mdash; once a synthetic curiosity &mdash; have become readily accessible molecules with potential applications in a wide variety of fields, perhaps most famously in the production of molecular machines. The active template method &mdash; which uses metal ions to both template assembly and mediate bond formation has enabled the synthesis of ever more complex interlocked structures.
See: Denis, M. &amp; Goldup, S. M. Nat. Rev. Chem. 1, 0061 (2017)
Image and design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Synthetic molecular cages are three-dimensional structures that are designed to recognize and bind specific molecules. Much like a key fitting into a lock, the cage captures molecules based on their size and shape. Researchers are especially interested in how these cages can help identify different sugars. Such cages can be useful in a variety of applications in science and medicine, from chemical detection to drug delivery, see Wu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,val
ACS Central Science,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_10.png,D,"All-perovskite tandem solar cells promise higher power conversion efficiencies than their single-junction counterparts. This outlook focuses on the main challenges and advances for perovskite absorbers and functional layers in a tandem devise, aiming to draw a roadmap for approaching highly efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"A layer-blocked covalent organic framework (LB-COF) heterogenous film, synthesized via two successive surface-initiated polycondensations, shared superior photocatalytic uranium extraction performance as a result of the formation of a S-scheme heterojunction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,A metal-free layered organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries intercalates Li+ and stores more energy in a shorter charging time than inorganic incumbents.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.png,A,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,groundtruth,1_7.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,ave_3,1_9.txt,"Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers
The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors.
See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang
Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,test
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_3.png,C,"Growth of overlayers on diamond is notoriously difficult and poses many challenges as integration of diamond into photonics emerges. High-pressure, high-temperature nanoscale diamond coated with silica is a substrate in quantum sensing and emergent quantum communication technologies that demonstrates such surface chemistry is viable. Here a silica shell of increasing thickness is irradiated with synchrotron X-rays that emerge from the submerged diamond surface and are collected to generate a fingerprint electronic spectrum. This work describes the mechanism for silica growth via alcohols, surface chemistry, and the first demonstration of X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a diamond core-shell nanostructure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,"A Ce(III), Bi(III)-co-doping strategy was applied to lead-free Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite nanocrystals for improved photoluminescence quantum yield and structural stability because of well-passivated surface defects and restrained uncoordinated chlorine ions that promoted the localization of self-trapped excitons and thus prevented emission quenching. The progressive red-shift in the emission of light is depicted in this cover as a change in color of the wavy ribbon and a lengthening of the undulations of the surface as doping proceeds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_5.txt,multiBv1,2022_5.txt,"The strategic coating of Cu/ZrO2/In2O3 and Cu/CeO2/In2O3 catalysts with mesoporous SiO2 creates a maze-like environment during CO2 hydrogenation. This environment allows reactant molecules to move freely until they reach the active sites. Even under challenging reaction conditions, the physical constraints effectively prevent nanoparticles from sintering, ensuring consistent performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Structural heterogeneity in inorganic nanosolids is ubiquitous, which poses non-negligible impacts on the associated catalytic behaviors. Recent efforts in investigating four types of structural heterogeneities in nanocatalysts, including size and facet control, differentiation of surface and bulk characteristics, characterizing local and average structures, as well as monitoring catalytic restructurings, are discussed. Understanding the inhomogeneities in the seemingly uniform nanomaterials lays foundations for the delicate design of advanced nanocatalysts with increased structural complexities and expanded catalytic functionalities.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,test
Current Biology,34_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_14.png,C,"On the cover: Reconstruction of Sinosauropteryx prima from the Jehol Biota. Preservation of pigmentation within the proto-feathers of this
small theropod dinosaur allows for reconstruction of its striped tail and countershading,
as well as a “bandit mask” band of pigmented feathers along its eye. In this issue,
Smithwick et al. (pages 3337–3343) carefully reconstruct the pigment patterns of this
dinosaur and show that its countershading camouflage was best adapted for counterilluminating
shadows made in open habitats with direct sunlight. The reconstruction on the cover,
made by Robert Nicholls (Paleocreations.com), shows Sinosauropteryx in an open habitat as it snatches up a lizard, which is found inside one of the studied
specimens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_4.txt,ave_3,27_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Chiarenza et al. (pages 109–121) demonstrate that past
and present turtle distributions are tied to climate and use this relationship to
predict the distributions of these animals in a future warming world, showing that
areas of current high diversity are at risk, but currently inhospitable higher latitudes
might become suitable turtle habitat. This image shows turtles from the age of dinosaurs
on the left and extant turtles on the right, evoking the major environmental changes
the clade has witnessed. Image © Mauricio Anton; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/33_24.txt,multiBv1,33_24.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Chiarenza et al. reconstruct the evolution of dinosaur climatic niche, showing that ornithischians
and theropods developed broad climatic tolerances in the Early Jurassic, contrasting
with sauropodomorphs’ temperature conservatism. Broad niches in ornithischians and
theropods suggest “warm-bloodedness,” while sauropodomorphs' conservatism implies
“cold-bloodedness.” The dromaeosaurid theropod on the cover, which we reconstruct
as a likely homeotherm, is warming its nest amid a rigid and cold environment, evoking
the link between the evolution of thermophysiology and climate documented in this
paper. Image © Davide Bonadonna; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_14.txt,groundtruth,34_14.txt,"On the cover: A reconstruction of the small, feathered dinosaur fauna of the Hell
Creek Formation, immediately before the mass extinction at the end of the Age of Dinosaurs.
In this issue, Larson et al. (pages 1325–1333) report that ecological diversity of
toothed bird-like maniraptoran dinosaurs (middle ground and background) remained stable
leading up to the end-Cretaceous, indicating a sudden extinction in this group. Based
on dietary inferences and extinction patterns, the authors suggest that the ability
to eat seeds may have been an important trait linked to the survival of crown group
birds (hypothetical reconstruction in the foreground) in the ecological catastrophe
after the bolide impact marking the end of the Cretaceous. Reconstruction by Danielle
Dufault © Royal Ontario Museum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_15.txt,allv2,26_15.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_6.png,A,"A cell atlas of worm longevity
In this issue, Shihong Max Gao et al. use a model organism that has been fundamental to our understanding of aging biology — Caenorhabditis elegans — and generate a comprehensive single-cell transcriptome atlas, profiling the cell-type-specific effects of aging and pro-longevity strategies. The cover image portrays two intertwined worms transitioning into swirling particles that stretch through time, assembling into a radial graph.
See Gao et al.
Image: Alps Xia. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_6.txt,groundtruth,4_6.txt,"Nonlinear multi-omics aging
In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data.
See Shen et al.
Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_2.txt,multiBv1,4_2.txt,"Mitochondria in the spotlight
In this issue, Berry and colleagues use an optogenetics approach to oppose the age-associated decline in the membrane potential of mitochondria with a light-activated proton pump, and show that it increases both the healthspan and lifespan of worms. The issue cover evokes the experimental paradigm used in the study with light being shone onto a mitochondrion, placing the organelle in the spotlight.
See Berry et al.
Cover image: Sciepro/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_11.txt,sbert,3_11.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_411,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_411.png,C,"COVER This week, Science Signaling publishes a Focus Issue on neurodegeneration, which features a Research Article that uncovers a role for mTORC1 signaling in L-DOPA–mediated dyskinesia. The authors induced Parkinsonian symptoms in transgenic mice expressing EGFP in a subset of medium spiny neurons. The image shows neurons with varying signal intensities for EGFP, phosphorylated S6 (a downstream target of mTORC1), and DARPP-32 (a marker for a subset of medium spiny neurons). The Focus Issue also features two Perspectives and a Podcast. [Image: Emmanuel Valjent, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_80.txt,allv2,2_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that includes Research Articles, a Review, and a Perspective that highlight how synaptic signaling pathways are influenced by neuronal stress and how altered signaling contributes to neurological disease. The image shows MRI scans of the human brain. [Image: haydenbird/iStockphoto]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_283.txt,multiBv1,6_283.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on neurotrophic factors as a possible approach to the therapy of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The image depicts a brain. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_411.txt,groundtruth,2007_411.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows how activating the kinase Akt1, such as with chlorogenic acid, prevents neuronal death in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. The image shows a micrograph of human brain tissue that shows signs of Parkinson's disease. [Image: Michael Abbey/Science Source]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/13_663.txt,sbert,13_663.txt,train
Nano Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_1.png,A,"A kind of chainmail catalyst has been synthesized by the confined flash Joule heating technique, where the isolated platinum atoms are anchored in tungsten carbide nanocrystals and well-encapsulated inside carbon nanotubes, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and durability toward the acid hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Our team has created a quick and easy electrochemical method for producing arrays of gold nanoneedles that have high-density spikes. These nanoneedles are capable of efficiently delivering functional biomolecules into hard-to-transfect primary cells, enabling the development of next-generation synthetic biology and gene therapy. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2023_12.txt,multiBv1,2023_12.txt,"The illustration shows the crucial role of surface chemistry in subeutectic vapor–liquid–solid nanowire synthesis. The nanowire (dark gray) in the background of the cover has hydrogen atoms (white balls) adsorbed on its sidewalls, allowing the AuGe catalyst (in gold) to remain in a supercooled liquid state. The loss of this surface passivation opens a pathway for catalyst atoms (gold balls) to access the nanowire sidewall, as shown by the nanowire in the foreground, which ultimately results in catalyst solidification",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2016_2.txt,allv2,2016_2.txt,"Plasmonic Au nanoparticles exhibit an intense visible-light absorption, an ability to catalytically activate the relatively inert molecule, CO2, and the capacity to sustain a highly charge-rich interface under light excitation. As the cover graphic conveys, Au nanostructures are, therefore, able to function as photocatalysts for driving the sunlight-mediated conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels such as methane and ethane. Sungju Yu, Andrew J. Wilson, Jaeyoung Heo, and Prashant K. Jain.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2018_9.txt,ave_2,2018_9.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_8.png,B,"Electronic cigarettes are popular, especially among youth. There is an increasing number of electronic cigarette devices on the market; however, no studies have elucidated the differences in their toxic potential. Xia et al. identified the differences between two popular devices for inducing lung toxicity in vitro and in vivo.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"The propensities and health implications of coronavirus adhering onto and releasing from representative indoor contact surfaces, including plastic, glass, stainless steel, and wood, in simulated human body fluids are studied using quartz crystal microbalance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.png,B,"a) Summarized study methodology. b) Schematics related to the motivation of this study, which is controllable intelligent microfluidic nanoparticle synthesis. c) Overview of the research methods:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_22.txt,ave_2,2024_22.txt,This study presents a novel,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,The cover sketches the challenge of integrating multiple scales into a process model and how this can be performed with compartment models. These compartment models are applied to an industrial rotary dryer shown in the figures and the background.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_33.txt,ave_3,2024_33.txt,"This cover is dedicated to over 50 global authors who contributed to a Virtual Special Issue celebrating their high quality research, both past and present. Read further about their research endeavors in the Editorial (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00325).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_47.txt,allv2,2021_47.txt,train
Structure,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_2.png,D,"On the cover: The image shows the peptide binding site of a PDZ domain, superposed
with similar arrangements of polypeptide fragments taken from monomeric proteins,
demonstrating that protein-peptide interactions follow the same architectural patterns
as those governing monomeric proteins. The puzzle in the background aims to accentuate
the generality of this finding. Fragments superposed on the peptide are shown in green,
fragments covering the PDZ binding site are shown in red (see Vanhee et al., 1128).
Design of the cover by Antonio De Marco. Molecular graphics by Peter Vanhee using
Yasara and PovRay.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/17_5.txt,ave_2,17_5.txt,"On the cover: The Bombyx mori Carotenoid Binding Protein (BmCBP) controls cocoon coloration via solubilization
and transportation of carotenoids from mulberry leaves, which are digested by the
silkworm and transferred to its silk gland. The discovered carotenoid embedment mechanism
by BmCBP (see Sluchanko et al., 1647–1659) establishes the general principles of carotenoid
binding by START domains and, as shown on the cover, recursively resembles the cocoon
itself, which is spun by the silkworm just as it knits the structure of BmCBP protein,
whose function has been relevant for sericulture for ages. Cover art credit: Yury
B. Slonimskiy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,"On the cover: The mineralocorticoid (blue) and glucocorticoid (yellow) receptors are
ligand-activated transcription factors that are important for electrolyte homeostasis
and the stress response, respectively. Edman et al. (pp. 2280–2290) used a combination
of X-ray crystallography, modeling, and residence time measurements to unveil the
ligand-binding mechanism for these receptors, and the authors link these findings
to differential evolutionary constraints across the receptor family through a bioinformatic
analysis. The cover showcases the binding event by highlighting ligand poses along
binding trajectories (magenta spheres). Cover illustration by Alexander Karlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/23_1.txt,ave_3,23_1.txt,"On the cover: The β-carotene-binding protein (BBP) is a water-soluble pigment-protein
complex responsible for the bright yellow coloration in the integuments of gregarious
phase nymphs and adult males of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. The image symbolically depicts a swarm of desert locusts with one yellow individual
illuminated by sunlight, thus creating an illusion of the BBP crystal structure. The
structure determined by Egorkin et al. reveals the β-carotene embedment mechanism utilized by BBP and shows a strong structural
complementarity between ligand and protein. Image credit: Lavrova Anastasia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_8.png,D,"Recent advances have shed light on archaeal involvement in CO2 fixation, organic biopolymer
transformation, and methane metabolism in coastal ecosystems. This has significantly
expanded our knowledge of the ecological roles of coastal archaea, because they are
integral yet overlooked components of coastal blue carbon ecosystems. The upper part
of the cover image shows diverse coastal ecosystems (mangrove, saltmarsh, and seagrass)
and anthropogenic activities (oil spill, aquaculture, and wastewater discharge), while
the lower part depicts coastal archaea feeding on CO2 (black and red balls), CH4 (black
and blue balls), and organic biopolymers (black mesh). The relation between coastal
ecosystems and the roles of archaea in carbon biogeochemical cycling forms the crux
of the manuscript by Zhang and colleagues. Image courtesy: Xinxu Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_8.txt,ave_2,31_8.txt,"Natural microbial communities are ubiquitous, complex, heterogeneous and dynamic.
In their Opinion article on pages 325–333, Muller et al. argue that the future standard for their study will require systematic omic measurements
of spatially and temporally resolved unique samples (e.g. the microbial community
floating in a wastewater treatment plant tank photographed here on a foggy day). The
resulting datasets, mapped here in a genome-centric matter will allow the identification
of associations between specific biomolecules. This will lead, in particular, to the
generation of solid hypotheses about the role or causal relationships of proteins
of unknown function and, thereby, will facilitate the discovery of previously unknown
traits of specific microbial community members. Image courtesy Emilie Muller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_6.txt,ave_3,21_6.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_7.txt,allv2,32_7.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_32,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_32.png,C,"A mitochondria-targeting antitumor theranostic prodrug, containing drug 5ʹ-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and an apoptotic marker ethidium for self-monitoring intrinsic apoptosis in tumor cells, is reported herein. After activation by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, theranostic prodrug enhances the expression of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic genes, caspase-3 and -9, and cell surface death receptors leading to apoptosis. See Kim and co-workers, p 17836.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_2.txt,sbert,2014_2.txt,"Platinum anticancer drugs interfere with copper trafficking. The kinetic inertness of the Pt(II) derivative imparts a bullet time effect to the fast process of copper exchange between the chaperone Atox1 and the target domain of a copper-transporting ATPase, by freezing the Cu(I) ion or hijacking it to glutathione, a physiological antioxidant in the biological matrix.  [See Arnesano and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 12109, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05550.] View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_19.txt,allv2,2019_19.txt,"An enzyme-cored spherical nucleic acid nanoplatform (CAT-ecSNA-Cu) used to deliver copper ions for cuproptosis was obtained based on enzyme–nucleic acid coupling and rolling circle amplification techniques. This strategy of enhancing cuproptosis-mediated anti-tumor immune responses by alleviating hypoxia promotes the activation of effector T cells, ultimately leading to long-term immunity against cancer.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_32.txt,groundtruth,2024_32.txt,"The initial morphology of the Cu-based nanoparticle catalyst can be transformed into smaller fragmented particles, which were densely contacted to each other, during electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). This unique morphology is suggested to improve C–C coupling reaction selectively and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_41.txt,multiBv1,2019_41.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.png,A,"A rapid and reagentless electrochemical biosensor constructed from a DNA aptamer, immobilized onto a gold-working electrode. The aptamer is equipped with a redox probe at its top end, which is brought closer to the electrode surface upon target (CRP) binding, to induce a signal-ON event. This illustration was created using the AI image generator, DALL-E-3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"The cover art features a scheme of the solid-state defected graphene nanogap device for DNA sequencing. Sequencing of DNA nucleotides can be achieved at the single-nucleotide molecular level by translocating through the nanogap device. This strategy is very useful for the label-free, inexpensive, and portable DNA sensing through a nanogap device.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2021_11.txt,ave_3,2021_11.txt,"A dual-mode biosensor has been introduced in this work, which can form a sandwich structure comprising CdSeS and Au-N,S-GQD nanocomposites, in the presence of the target antigen of NoV-LP. Upon formation of the sandwich structure, fluorescence quenching and an increase in impedance were observed, depending on the concentration of target VLPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_2,2024_6.txt,A newly designed DNA aptamer switch (keyhole on door) can reconfigure when binding to lead ions (purple spheres). The aptamer switch (aptaswitch) is used to detect lead ions using the fluorescent signal obtained on reconfiguration (open aptaswitches on other side of door). Cover art designed and created by Arun Richard Chandrasekaran.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_20.png,D,"Here, we reported compound 22ac (ADTL-EI1712) as the first selective dual-target inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK5 by a novel co-targeting design strategy. And this compound could induce regulated cell death to overcome compensatory mechanism in specific tumor types. (Wang, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2020, 63, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01896) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2020_17.txt,sbert,2020_17.txt,"Cancer targeting and anticancer effects of KBJK557 are described using a bullet and a cancer cell. The underlying mechanism of anticancer activity involves the binding of KBJK557 on allosteric site, known as polo box domain (PBD) of Plk1.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2020_2.txt,allv2,2020_2.txt,"The image depicts a novel small molecule, PPA24, entering a cancerous cell and binding to the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A to induce its activation and subsequently kill the colon cancer cell through apoptosis. The graphic was created with the assistance of Leonardo.AI. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"The cover art showcases the intricate molecular interaction where DD-2 (PROTAC) facilitates a ternary complex formation with E3 ubiquitin ligase (UBR) and the polo-box domain (PBD) of the PLK1 protein. This binding event initiates a cascade of ubiquitination leading to the targeted degradation of PLK1, a key regulator in cell cycle progression, thereby showcasing the potential of DD-2 in triggering antitumor activity through a ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.png,A,Read the recent Collection on Wastewater-Based Epidemiology,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,This Special Issue entitled Wastewater Surveillance and Community Pathogen Detection presents the latest research on wastewater-based,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,"The fate and risk of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are raising concerns. The pretreatments in WWTPs might change the characteristics of the microplastics in sludge. Here, the effects of four commonly used pretreatments on performance of sludge anaerobic digestion and environmental risks of polystyrene microplastics were evaluated.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_12.txt,ave_2,2022_12.txt,Predicting daily discharge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using a machine learning model supported by meteorological and population migration big data in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_8.txt,ave_3,2023_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.png,D,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,multiBv1,22_1.txt,"Microbial food spoilage, inspired by the Review on p528.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_4.txt,ave_3,22_4.txt,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_3.png,A,"Decoding a galaxy’s past with AI
Constraining the intrinsic and extrinsic stellar mass in a galaxy unlocks its merger history. Here, using the power of artificial intelligence, the authors do this for 10,000 galaxies, finding traits that can be used to characterize even larger samples.
See Angeloudi et al.
Image: Gabriel Pérez Díaz (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), image background: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,"Dwarf galaxies punching above their weight
Despite their diminutive size (the Wolf–Lundmark–Melotte galaxy, pictured on the cover, is one tenth the size of the Milky Way), dwarf galaxies have emerged as key laboratories for studying open questions in several areas of astrophysics. This issue launches a Collection of short articles on dwarf galaxies, to which we will add both short and long pieces over time.
See the Collection on dwarf galaxies
Image: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/CTIO/Local Group Survey Team. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"Merger and turmoil in M31's past
Cosmological models of galaxy formation show that M31’s massive and metal-rich stellar halo requires a single dominant merger with a large galaxy around two billion years ago. The fact that M31’s disk and bulge were already in place suggests that mergers of this magnitude need not dramatically affect galaxy structure.
See D'Souza & Bell
Image: Wei-Hao Wang. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,"Cosmic galaxy clusters
Discriminating between Einstein’s theory of general relativity and models of modified gravity is not easy at cosmological scales. The motions and clustering of galaxies (pictured) turn out to be a sensitive test of these cosmological models. Predictions from a simulation of the velocity field of galaxies based on general relativity agree well with observational data.
See He et al.
Image: Jian-hua He, Durham University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,test
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_1.png,A,"Illustration of an electrochemical random access memory (ECRAM) that functions by moving mobile defects, such as protons, lithium ions, or oxygen vacancies, between the top (reservoir) and bottom (channel) electrodes made of various functional materials and connected by a solid electrolyte (middle, light blue). The mobile defects tune the electronic conductance through reversible redox reactions. Although ECRAM shares many fundamental aspects with rechargeable batteries, computing applications require many millions of devices, scaled down to sub-micrometer dimensions, while achieving reliable electronic-state tuning at scaled-up rates and endurances and with minimal energy dissipation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"In this cover, conventional liquid-based power sources are being transformed into flexible devices through the transition gate. The development of flexible and portable electrochemical energy-storage devices, combined with advances in semi-solid/solid electrolytes, is leading to next-generation energy devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,Semiconductor quantum dots with excellent electronic and optical properties can be used in memories and neuromorphic computing systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2020_16.txt,multiBv1,2020_16.txt,"This cover depicts the structural features and fabrication techniques of freestanding MOFs-based/-derived electrodes, illustrating applications to electrochemical energy storage and conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2022_14.txt,sbert,2022_14.txt,test
Trends in Biotechnology,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_5.png,A,"Systems and synthetic biology control 'knobs' can design and reprogram
bacterial phenotypes, illustrated as light bulbs. However, inherent genomic redundancies
and the presence of unknown factors make genome manipulation difficult and undermine
the performance of desired functionalities. In pages 1048–1063 of this issue, Kim
and
colleagues discuss integrative top-down and bottom-up genome reduction schemes.
These schemes make it possible to design 'optimal genomes' that are more amenable
to genetic reprogramming and can execute targeted functions in a more effective and
orthogonal fashion. Cover image from Kangsan Kim, Donghui Choe, and Byung-Kwan Cho.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,"A powerful emerging technology based on CRISPR/Cas-nucleobase deaminase fusions, known
as base editing, has recently opened new avenues for microbial genome engineering.
In pages 165–180 of this issue, Wang and colleagues discuss recent trends in developing
and applying base editing and auxiliary bioinformatics tools to engineer industrially
and clinically relevant microorganisms. Cover image concept from Yu Wang, Ye Liu,
and Meng Wang and illustrated by Liye Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/39_13.txt,ave_2,39_13.txt,"Bacterial genome reduction frequently appears in nature, and the resulting organisms
usually exchange large amounts of “common goods” to complement the lost gene functions.
In pages 126–139 of this issue, Noack and Baumgart discuss the transfer of this natural
principle to industrial biotechnology. They introduce their concept of communities
of niche optimized strains (CoNoS) as an alternative strategy to generate superior
biotechnological production processes by specifically targeting cellular processes
with high energy demand. The cover image was conceptualized by the authors and designed
by Verena Resch (verena@luminous-lab.com; http://luminous-lab.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/37_11.txt,allv2,37_11.txt,"Cyanobacteria are highly appealing photosynthetic hosts that can be engineered for
chemical production. To rationally direct the host metabolism towards the target chemical,
genome editing is critical to the engineering workflow. In pages 996–1010 of this
issue, Behler and colleagues discuss the latest CRISPR breakthroughs that will enable
metabolic engineers to edit cyanobacterial genomes. Cover image was conceived by Dhanya
Vijay and M. Kalim Akhtar, and created by Reji Salam (aashiqreji@brownandgreenme.com;
http://www.brownandgreeenme.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_3.txt,ave_3,36_3.txt,val
CELL RESEARCH,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_1.png,D,"The image depicts the Chinese legend ""The Magic Brush"" (""Shen Bi Ma Liang""). The towering mountain symbolizes the rugged protein fitness landscape, with reaching the summit representing the challenging tasks in protein engineering. Our proposed method, ProMEP, serves as the magic brush, sketching out a rapid path to the peak for biologists. The brush’s handle, adorned with dots, lines, and jewels, signifies the power of artificial intelligence technology driving this journey. See page 630–647 by Peng Cheng et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_4.txt,allv2,34_4.txt,"When synthetic biology meets RNAi therapy. Programmable genetic circuits (multicolor circles) utilize the liver as tissue chassis and a biogenerator, which can continuously produce and assemble exosome-encapsulated siRNAs (orange balls with spikes) for targeted delivery to multiple organs. See page 631–648 by Zheng Fu et al. for details.
This cover is designed by Tianxiang Lan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_7.txt,multiBv1,31_7.txt,"A SARS-CoV-2 virion (monster egg, inside of which is a monster representing viral RNA) touches host-cell plasma membrane (blue bending ground) producing tensile force (children’s pulling), which not only strengthens spike–ACE2 (children) recognition, but also accelerates the S1/S2 separation to boost viral fusion machinery. See page 1047-1060 by Wei Hu et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/31_3.txt,sbert,31_3.txt,"This image depicts a story of a powerful AI comet merging in the life science universe. The information in millions of single-cell transcriptomes was distilled to create a large foundation model named GeneCompass, which uses cutting-edge foundation model AI technologies to decipher universal gene regulatory mechanisms and shows tremendous potential for accelerating advancements in life science research.See page 830–845 by Xiaodong Yang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,val
Nature Reviews Materials,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_7.png,D,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.txt,ave_2,10_1.txt,"Hydrogel microparticles are used for numerous biomedical applications, owing to their unique multiscale properties and versatility in their design. The Review outlines the fabrication of different types of hydrogel microparticles as well as their uses, ranging from cell and drug delivery to 3D printing. See Daly et al.
Cover Image: Peter Cheng, Duke University",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.txt,ave_3,10_2.txt,"Hydrogels share similarities with the soft tissues of the human body, having great application prospects in tissue engineering and medical implants. Developing strong and tough hydrogels is crucial for their biomedical applications, but traditional hydrogels typically exhibit weak and brittle mechanical properties due to the inhomogeneity of their network and rubber-like elasticity, which lacks energy dissipation mechanisms. The cover art depicts a typical strategy for improving network uniformity to enhance hydrogel strength. See Li X. and Gong J. P.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.png,A,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,"‘Shaping cell signalling’, inspired by the Review on p638
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,"‘Single-cell landscape’, inspired by the Review on p695
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_3.txt,ave_3,24_3.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_2.txt,allv2,26_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.png,D,Daima and co-workers discuss engineered nanomaterials,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_11.txt,ave_2,2024_11.txt,"In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,ave_3,2018_6.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_11.png,A,"On the cover: Yan, Li, Gao, et al. develop a 3D bioprinting technology that assembles human stem cell-derived neural
progenitors into neural tissues with functional connectivity. The cover illustrates
human brain tissue with functional networks (denoted in line nets) generated by 3D
bioprinting (indicated by protrusion of cells/bioink from the nozzles). Cover art
by Xin Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"On the cover: Niche structure is key for stem cell maintenance and function. In this
issue, Nomura et al. (pages 730–743) show that niche cells supporting neural stem
cells in the lateral ventricle walls of the mouse brain exhibit surprising plasticity
after an injury. Through regulation by Notch and EphB2, ependymal cells can become
astrocytes and vice versa, providing a mechanism for ensuring appropriate overall
composition of the niche. The cover image represents this cellular interconversion
process. © iStockphoto.com/hidesy].",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,"On the cover: A joint special issue between Cell Stem Cell and Trends in Biotechnology features a series of Reviews and opinion articles discussing the progress, remaining
challenges, and future opportunities in tissue engineering. Articles about technological
advances and applications in creating high-fidelity tissue models highlight the strengthening
bond between stem cell technology and bioengineering. The cover image celebrates recent
advances toward the clinical translation of tissue-engineered constructs including
biofabrication (left) and functionalized scaffolds (right), and it was conceived by
Anh Nguyen and Matt Pavlovich and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/22_4.txt,multiBv1,22_4.txt,"On the cover: This issue features a series of reviews on applications of biomaterials
in stem cell biology. The cover is an artistic rendering of engineered organs streaming
from a 3D printing device and alludes to Lewis and colleagues' review on using organoids
as building blocks for 3D assembly of functional human tissues. Biomaterials can also
be used to improve and interrogate stem cell function, and these topics are covered
by Tejal Desai and colleagues in their review on using biomaterials to enhance stem
cell transplantation and Burdick and colleagues in their review on the use of programmable
synthetic hydrogels to control cellular microenvironments. Finally, Shao and Fu examine
how biomaterials and bioengineering techniques can reconstruct the multiscale structural
order of tissues and organs within embryoids and organoids. Together, we hope this
series of reviews will extend dialogue between the disciplines of biomaterials and
stem cell biology and showcase their potential synergy for foundational insights and
translational applications. Image credit: Wyss Institute at Harvard and Sara Tyson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/29_8.txt,allv2,29_8.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_2.png,A,"Menstruation matters
Menstruation is part of human life but is stigmatized and rarely discussed openly, and this has far-reaching implications for health, poverty and gender inequity. It is time for this to change. This Focus throws light on some of the most important ways that menstruation shapes society, health and individual lives. With it, we hope to spark more open conversations about menstruation.
See Focus
Image: andrew payne/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,"Human behaviour and climate change
As the climate clock is ticking closer to tipping points, the time for urgent, decisive action is now. This issue features a Focus on human behaviour and climate change, in collaboration with Nature Climate Change. The Focus includes a broad range of Review and Opinion content on the role of human behaviour in adaption to climate change and mitigation of its negative consequences.
Cover image: MicrovOne/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_2.txt,sbert,6_2.txt,"Focus on cooperation
Human beings rely on cooperation to survive and thrive. Understanding how and why cooperation succeeds or fails is integral to solving the many global challenges we face. In this Focus, we bring together review, opinion, and research content on human cooperation, aiming to spark interdisciplinary conversation.
See Editorial
Image: sarote pruksachat/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"Woman, life, liberty
The killing of Mahsa Amini in police custody triggered widespread protests in Iran that have been met with extreme, violent suppression by the Iranian regime. Ms Constitution, a female Iranian scientist whose identity is protected by publishing pseudonymously, provides a first-hand account of the harsh, dehumanizing realities behind the slogan that is most chanted by protesting Iranians: ‘Woman, life, liberty’. The international academic community cannot — and should not — be a mere observer of what is happening in Iran. Ms Constitution explains we can support Iranian academics and Iranian people’s ongoing fight for human rights.
See Ms Constitution See also Editorial
Cover image: RUSSELLTATEdotCOM/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_12.txt,allv2,7_12.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_9.png,B,"The future of Earth-system modeling
Weather and climate prediction has achieved steady progress over the past few decades thanks to advances in computational science. Nevertheless, our Earth-system models must adapt, and fast, to the explosion of data challenges and to future computing architectures. In this issue, Bauer et al. discuss the current limitations in the field and potential solutions to best exploit what new digital technologies have to offer.
See Bauer et al.
Image: lowball-jack/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_11.txt,multiBv1,1_11.txt,"Predicting the impact of wildfires
In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased due to the effects of climate change. To date, many established wildfire policies have been ineffective, and alternative approaches are therefore needed in order to reduce the damage caused by such wildfire events. In this issue, Hussam Mahmoud suggests that future wildfire models should take inspiration from epidemic network modeling to predict the damage to individual buildings, as well as to improve our understanding of the impact of different mitigation strategies on the community as a whole.
See Mahmoud
Image: Nitat Termmee / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,"Computing a greener tomorrow
This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the potential of computational tools to help address sustainability and environmental issues — including those covered by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — as well as discuss how the tools themselves can be made more sustainable moving forward. The Focus consists of conversations with and insights from experts from various fields, addressing a wide range of applications under the umbrella of environmental and sustainable computing.
See Editorial
Image: Fanatic Studio / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"How physical proximity affects communication
The cover depicts an email network within the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where nodes represent MIT researchers and node sizes are set according to their respective number of connections. Strong ties, highlighted in red, are connections between researchers with at least one mutual contact. Weak ties, highlighted in light blue, are connections between researchers who have no contacts in common. Carmody et al. explore the mechanism via which the complete removal and subsequent partial re-introduction of physical proximity at the MIT campus — due to the COVID-19 pandemic — affects the communication network and the formation of weak ties, which are known to enable the spread of novel information.
See Carmody et al. and Meluso
Image: Martina Mazzarello, MIT Senseable City Lab. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.png,C,"Lychee fruit genome
Sequencing of the genome of the lychee cultivar ‘Feizixiao’, along with analysis of 72 re-sequenced lychee accessions, identifies two different domestication events: one in Yunnan, and one in Hainan.
See Hu et al.
Image: Inge Johnsson / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_12.txt,allv2,54_12.txt,"Brassica oleracea pan-genome
De novo genome assemblies of 22 Brassica oleracea accessions and pan-genome analyses highlight the effects of structural variation on gene expression and its contribution to morphotype diversification.
See Li et al.
Image: Chang Keyong, professional photographer, Beijing, China. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.txt,multiBv1,56_10.txt,"Peanut global phenotypic variation
Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.txt,groundtruth,56_4.txt,"European maize genomes
In temperate regions of Europe, early-maturing and cold-tolerant flint landraces were key to maize cultivation. Delineating the core and dispensable genome of four European flint and two North American dent maize lines unveils similarities and differences between the two germplasm groups. Pronounced variation in haplotypes, heterochromatic knobs and orthologous long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons reveals the exceptional dynamics of the maize genome.
See Haberer et al.
Image: Tom Freudenberg/pict-images and Technical University of Munich. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/52_4.txt,sbert,52_4.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,32_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_10.png,A,"On the cover: The cover illustrates bacteriophage modulatation of bacterial functions.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Carasso and colleagues examine metagenomic samples from IBD patients, which demonstrated that invertible
regions associate with disease severity and are modulated by bacteriophages. The bacteriophages
are more prominent during gut inflammation, and when encountering their associated
bacteria, they alter their functions by modulating inversion states, represented by
change in the bacterial color from yellow to green. Artwork by Tomm Blum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_10.txt,groundtruth,32_10.txt,"On the cover: This special issue features Reviews, Minireviews, and Commentaries that
highlight various aspects of endogenous microbes, including bacteria and viruses,
and how they influence host health and disease. The cover image is designed to capture
the idea that microbiota represent a major hub whose activities affect both host health,
exemplified by immunity and metabolism, and disease, illustrated as cancer and inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). Please turn to the editorial on pp. 285–286 for details.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/10_3.txt,multiBv1,10_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts the direct communication between Enterococcus bacteria (purple) and intestine stem cells (ISCs) (blue) in inflammatory bowel disease.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Li et al. demonstrate that a metabolite derived from Enterococcus bacteria hijacks an adrenergic receptor in ISCs, directly suppressing ISC proliferation
and epithelial regeneration, thereby exacerbating colitis. This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe also presents a microbial survival guide. Microbes face harsh environments that they
must adapt to in order to survive, grow/proliferate, and spread. This collection (or
guide) consists of a series of review and primary research articles that cover an
array of stresses faced by microbes and their mechanisms to adapt and survive in adverse
conditions, including reviews discussing colonization resistance (Woelfel et al.),
antibiotic resistance (Abbas et al.), microbial persistence (Conlon et al.), and phage
resistance (Aranguren et al.). Reviews covering inter-bacterial warfare (Kennedy and
Comstock), nutrient acquisition (Muramatsu and Winter), and bacterial-drug interactions
(Cuesta-Zuluaga et al.) are also presented. Within this guide, primary research articles
expand our understanding on the arsenal employed by different microbes under inhospitable
conditions, including antibiotic exposure in the urinary tract (Amoura et al.), pathogen
expansion by exploiting or limiting host response (Yoo et al. and Szczesna et al.),
microbial enzymatic metabolism during endobiotic homeostasis (Simpson et al.), and
the phage-bacteria relationship (Benz et al.). Cover design by artist Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_7.txt,ave_3,32_7.txt,"On the cover: The microbiota plays important roles in mammalian health, and disruptions
in these commensal communities are associated with disease. The host immune system
has evolved to control the microbiota through production of antigen-specific IgA.
However, whether IgA targets specific bacterial species within the gut, and how this
specificity is controlled, has remained elusive. In this issue, Kubinak et al. (pp.
153–163) find that MyD88 signaling within T cells governs IgA specificity toward resident
bacteria to sculpt a healthy microbiota. Perturbations to this pathway lead to outgrowth
of a harmful microbiota and enhanced susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease
that can be rescued with a fecal transplant from a healthy donor. The cover image
depicts several dimeric IgA antibody molecules binding to specific members of the
microbiota in a snowflake shape to highlight the uniqueness of the host IgA response
and an individual's microbiota. This image was designed by Charisse Petersen and Rachel
Bookman.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/17_5.txt,allv2,17_5.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_3.png,B,"Urea solidified
In their work, Xiaolin Zheng and colleagues couple hydrogen peroxide-selective oxygen electroreduction with precipitation of urea from urine resulting in wastewater purification and co-production of the solid nitrogen source percarbamide.
See Shi et al.
Image: Xinjian Shi, Henan University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/8_1.txt,multiBv1,8_1.txt,"Engineering nitrogen fixation
The generation of metallocentre-containing nitrogenase for N2 fixation in a non-diazotrophic host has proven to be an intricate task. Now, Markus W. Ribbe, Yilin Hu and colleagues successfully expressed and isolated active Mo-nitrogenase with complete metallocentres in Escherichia coli by integrating genes from Azotobacter vinelandii and Methanosarcina acetivorans. The engineered E. coli strain can fix nitrogen during growth and produces ammonia.
See Solomon et al.
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"Activated [Fe]-hydrogenase
Detailed structural characterization of [Fe]-hydrogenase was so far limited to inactive states. Here, Huang et al. report the X-ray structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase in an active conformation. Based on this structure, computational simulations provide precise insights into H2-activation. This knowledge is important for exploiting [Fe]-hydrogenase for technological purposes such as hydrogenation reactions, production of H2 or using H2 as a fuel.
See Huang et al.
Image: Seigo Shima (Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_7.txt,sbert,2_7.txt,"Reversible metalloenzyme-assembly
Inspired by the way bacteria use siderophores to acquire essential iron, the iron complex of a bacterial siderophore has now been used as redox-switchable anchor to enable a synthetic catalyst to be attached strongly, yet reversibly, to a protein scaffold. The switchable iron–siderophore anchor allows the resulting artificial metalloenzyme to function, while also allowing high-value components, in particular the protein, to be reclaimed and reused.
See Raines et al.
Image: Anne-Kathrin Duhme-Klair and Stuart McNicholas (Department of Chemistry, University of York). Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_12.png,C,"On the cover: Droplets containing algae and bacteria on a kChip microfluidic chip.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Gopalakrishnappa et al. use high-throughput screening of >100,000 algae-bacteria communities in ∼525 environments
and find that pH, buffering capacity, and carbon source identity modulate algae-bacteria
interactions by impacting the dependence of growth on nutrient availability. Image
credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_4.txt,sbert,15_4.txt,"On the cover: A concrete understanding of interactions between species remains appealingly
elusive. In this issue of Cell Systems, Mickalide and Kuehn (521–533) demonstrate that the predator-prey relationships within
a three-species microbial community are dependent on the interactions between the
community's members. Previewing this work, Alvaro Sanchez (519–520) confronts the
difficulty of defining higher-than-pairwise interactions rigorously and discusses
how physics and quantitative genetics take fundamentally different approaches this
problem. Image credit: Lisa Stirling, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_1.txt,allv2,9_1.txt,"On the cover: Illustration of a microbial community. In this issue of Cell Systems, Wang et al. show that optimizing metabolic specialization and versatility of individuals within
a microbial consortium yields a metabolic division of labor configuration with the
highest function. Image credit: Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_12.txt,groundtruth,15_12.txt,"On the cover: Exo-metabolome dynamics of co-cultured Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. Ponomarova et al show that low-cost amino acids secreted by yeast (dark brown bell-shaped
curves) enable the survival of lactic acid bacteria in nitrogen-rich environments
(pp. 345–357). The study illustrates how metabolomics, network modeling, and genetics
can be used together to decipher the ecological relationships between microorganisms
in complex natural environments.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/5_3.txt,ave_3,5_3.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_7.png,A,"In this issue...
June's issue of BDJ In Practice leads with a long read on the increase in dental phobia. what could be driving the increase? Plus we take a look at the viability of endodontics on the NHS as well as advice on setting up in practice
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_7.txt,groundtruth,37_7.txt,"In this issue...
In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_10.txt,ave_2,35_10.txt,"In this issue...
In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt,allv2,35_9.txt,"More and more we’re hearing about patients not being able to access NHS dental services close to home. In the April edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a closer look at where some of these troublesome areas are, and the reasons behind them. You can also find out about the BDA’s new indemnity product, and why vicarious liability should be on your radar.
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_9.txt,ave_3,32_9.txt,train
ACS Bio & Med Chem Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.png,A,"Mycophenolic acid (MPA), the first antibiotic from Penicillium species, inspires a researcher to explore its potential. By incorporating silicon into MPA,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Eukaryotic killers: scanning electron microscopy of Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative agent of cryptococcal meningitis. Fungal pathogens kill more than 1 million people per year. Novel treatment options are required to fight this public health problem.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,"The field-flow fractionation technique enables robust in situ analysis of the biomolecular corona at the surface of nanomedicine, which, in turn, can substantially improve our ability to accurately predict the biological fate of nanomedicine and, therefore, enable development of more effective, safe, and precisely targeted nanomedicine. The image was created by DALL·E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_5.txt,sbert,2024_5.txt,Hwang et al. develop a new sustainable bioproduction platform to generate disulfide-constrained peptide (DCP) and its functionalized analogues. DCPs are targeted to the periplasm in E.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Bio & Med Chem Au/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p601.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.txt,ave_3,20_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p682.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Cover inspired by the Review on p671
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p767.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_1.txt,sbert,19_1.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_2.png,C,Gamma-ray radiation can be produced by Compton scattering an intense laser off relativistic electrons that have been accelerated in a laser plasma accelerator.Letter by Ta Phuoc  et al .IMAGE: TA PHUOC et al.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/6_8.txt,allv2,6_8.txt,"Terahertz accelerators scale up
Artistic impression of a linear relativistic electron accelerator powered by laser-generated, multicycle terahertz pulses. Longitudinal terahertz electric fields propagating through a rectangular dielectric-lined waveguide are phase-velocity matched to the relativistic electron bunches to improve the interaction. The concept could ultimately yield multistaged, high-gradient acceleration of particle beams.
See Jamison et al.
IMAGE: Morgan Hibberd, The Cockcroft Institute COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/14_1.txt,ave_3,14_1.txt,"Ultra-intense Compton scattering
Artistic impression of a nonlinear Compton scattering experiment in which an electron bunch (blue) is accelerated by a laser wakefield to multi-gigaelectron volt energy and then collides with an ultra-intense petawatt laser pulse (red) and generates a strong gamma-ray beam (purple).
See Mirzaie et al.
Image: Ghazal Barati, Saeid Mirzaei and Mohammad Mirzaie (Center for Relativistic Laser Science). Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_2.txt,groundtruth,18_2.txt,"Artist's impression of high-order multiphoton Thomson scattering. Laser light is focused to a billion-times higher brightness than the surface of the Sun and interacts with an electron beam. The resulting figure-of-eight electron-quiver motion generates a high-energy X-ray photon with novel characteristics.
Article p514
IMAGE: WENCHAO YAN, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA—LINCOLN
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/11_5.txt,multiBv1,11_5.txt,train
Chem & Bio Engineering,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.png,C,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,sbert,2024_8.txt,"Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,The membranes made from light-responsive ionic covalent-organic frameworks show improved ionic power generation by capitalizing on the synergistic effects of solar energy and salinity gradients.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,ave_3,2024_10.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_6.png,B,"Cellular metabolism consists of a complex network of enzymes and metabolites that
respond to a variety of stimuli, and deregulation of these networks is found in many
diseases. In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Drs. Sarah-Maria Fendt, Juan Fernandez-Garcia and colleagues share examples of how
stable-isotopes can be used to follow cellular metabolism in vivo, as well as discuss the experimental approaches and data interpretations of these
results. Backgroundcover image source: GettyImages/gremlin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/45_10.txt,ave_2,45_10.txt,"Hypoxia develops when cellular or organismal demands for oxygen
exceed the oxygen supply, such as when at high altitudes. In the last few decades,
it has become apparent that sensing and responding to oxygen levels is important
for mammalian, and other multicellular organisms, physiology and pathology. In their
Opinion on pages 573–582, Dr. Ortmann and Profs. Taylor and Rocha share what
avenues of research they feel are the next pressing needs for the hypoxia community
to
address. Cover from GettyImages/Malte Mueller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_6.txt,groundtruth,49_6.txt,"The cellular response to hypoxia, or low oxygen, is primarily controlled by the hypoxia-inducible
transcription factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. HIF-1 and HIF-2 are comprised of a common
subunit, HIF-1β, and a unique subunit, either HIF-1α or HIF-2α, respectively. The
overlapping and unique functions of these proteins have been a topic of much research
interest, and recent data suggests they have temporally-regulated functions. On pages
364–372, Koh and Powis discuss the recent observations that HIF-1α is most active
during short, intense hypoxia, whereas HIF-2α is more active during milder and prolonged
hypoxia. In the cover image, the electrical switch represents the cellular shift from
HIF-1α to HIF-2α activity that occurs when a cell or tissue progresses from acute
to chronic hypoxia. Cover image is courtesy ©istockphoto/Christian Martínez Kempin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/37_4.txt,allv2,37_4.txt,"While certain levels of cellular oxidants can be beneficial for a cell and
activate various arms of the proteostasis network (symbolized by ‘life’ on the right
side of the cover), they can also be harmful, causing oxidative damage to both the
network and the cell (depicted as ‘destruction’ on the left side of the cover). On
pages
761–774, Drs. Agnes Ulfig and Ursula Jakob explore how the roles of cellular oxidants
are balanced within the proteostasis network. Cover image by Dr. Agnes Ulfig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_4.txt,ave_3,49_4.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.png,C,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Atomic manipulation, also known as probe chemistry, demonstrates remarkable capabilities in moving atoms and molecules on a surface and even promoting on-surface chemical reactions. This delicate tool, offered by scanning probe techniques, enables site-selective chemical reactions, allowing for the atomically precise imprinting and tailoring of π-magnetism in various nanographenes.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_3.png,A,"Fluorescence-lifetime image scanning microscopy
Integrating a single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) array into a confocal laser scanning microscope yields a twofold increase in the localization accuracy for single-molecule localization microscopy. The cover shows an artistic impression of the SPAD array detector with microlenses, where the two disks/shaded Gaussians depict the emission of two different fluorescent molecules hitting the detector array.
See Radmacher et al.
Image: Alexey Chizhik. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_3.txt,groundtruth,18_3.txt,"Chip-based super-resolution imaging
Depiction of chip-based structured illumination microscopy, where the evanescent field from an optical waveguide circuit excites fluorescence from cells grown on the chip’s surface. Multiple waveguide arms and thermo-optical phase modulators are used to generate an interference pattern that serves as the structured illumination.
See Helle et al.
Image: Balpreet S. Ahluwalia, UiT The Arctic University of Norway and Art by Dongwook Kim, Cube 3D Graphic. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/14_6.txt,sbert,14_6.txt,"Image of a living cell generated by a super-resolution nanoscopy imaging scheme called 'protected STED'. The cell's vimentin cytoskeleton filaments with a width of about 40 nm are clearly highlighted by a reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein. The use of two means, stimulated emission and reversible photoswitching, for switching off the fluorescence, protects the fluorophores from photobleaching.
Article p122
IMAGE: MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_11.txt,allv2,10_11.txt,"Efficient super-resolution imaging
The cover shows a wide-field, super-resolution image of a collection of cells captured by a new variant of optical fluctuation imaging that makes use of autocorrelation and two-step deconvolution. The high-throughput approach needs just 20 frames to bring a two-fold improvement in axial and lateral resolution. In ten minutes it can capture a 2 mm × 1.4 mm field-of-view image containing thousands of cells, with a resolution of 128 nm.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Weisong Zhao and Haoyu Li from Harbin Institute of Technology, and Liangyi Chen from Peking University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/17_4.txt,multiBv1,17_4.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_3.png,B,"The interfacial segregation of a hyperbranched polymer controls to what extent polymer chains were adsorbed at the substrate, resulting in a regulation of adhesion strength. Image courtesy of Keiji Tanaka.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2019_10.txt,allv2,2019_10.txt,"Immiscible linear polymers (yellow vs blue) with diblock ring polymers at the interface under large shear deformation. A diblock ring threaded by two linear polymers from opposite sides is highlighted, demonstrating an adhesion mechanism analogous to the hook-and-loop process in Velcro tapes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Snapshot of a crystallized polyethylene chain. Force-transmitting chains are colored with red based on the principal stress. Blue chains in the amorphous region have a small principal stress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,"Tie chains electrically bridge crystalline domains in semiconducting polymers, effectively reducing interdomain resistance and improving charge transport. In this work, the tie-chain fraction is quantified through a classical polymer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_5.png,A,"The introduction of crown ether at the terminus marks a novel and effective strategy to not only elevate message readability, but also to increase the information storage capacity of digital polymers, leveraging a simple and classical property of crown ether since its discovery by a great chemist, Charles Pedersen, in 1967.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Metallopolymer-based block copolymers were used as starting materials for the preparation of colloidal architectures featuring fascinating and highly ordered lamella or cylindrical nanodomains. Morphology transition of nanosheets occurs upon exposure to a more selective solvent for one polymer domain or by using redox stimulus as external triggers. See page 731. Image courtesy of Daniel Klinger, Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt, and Markus Gallei.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2015_6.txt,sbert,2015_6.txt,"The “Big Bang Theory” of functional sequence-controlled polymers: the applications of sequence-controlled polymers have expanded at an exceeding rate in recent years, ranging across data storage, biomolecular recognition, catalysis, and drug delivery",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2021_11.txt,allv2,2021_11.txt,Stereoselective copolymerization of vinyl ethers using a chiral BINOL-based phosphoric acid in combination with a titanium Lewis acid enabled the realization of semicrystalline thermoplastics with tunable thermomechanical properties. The broad substrate scope of the catalyst facilitated the copolymerization of structurally diverse monomers without sacrificing stereoselectivity. The method highlights the diverse material properties accessible through stereoselective cationic polymerization mediated by a chiral anion. Image courtesy of Ella Maru Studio (https://scientific-illustrations.com/) and Frank A. Leibfarth.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2019_1.txt,multiBv1,2019_1.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_5.png,D,"Illustration of the first bright exciton wavefunction of Cs2TeBr6. State-of-the-art ab initio calculations highlight the importance of electron-hole (e-h) interactions in vacancy ordered double perovskites and unveil the exciton binding energy and the dark-bright exciton splitting energy, revealing an opportunity for white-light emission applications and quantum optical technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_12.txt,multiBv1,2023_12.txt,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,sbert,2021_9.txt,"In this Letter, Kumar et al. describe the use of intense light illumination to prepare atomically thin graphene, boron nitride, and MoS2 2D sheets via photoexfoliation, a novel scalable synthetic approach to achieve pure graphene and inorganic analogues. Credit: Shutterstock.com",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,-scale WSe2 flakes-based light-gated transistors. Different LGT behaviors at above- and below-threshold light-gating with pulse modulations demonstrate a great deal of potential use in the fields of neuromorphic computing and logic operations. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_7.png,D,"Natural microbial communities are ubiquitous, complex, heterogeneous and dynamic.
In their Opinion article on pages 325–333, Muller et al. argue that the future standard for their study will require systematic omic measurements
of spatially and temporally resolved unique samples (e.g. the microbial community
floating in a wastewater treatment plant tank photographed here on a foggy day). The
resulting datasets, mapped here in a genome-centric matter will allow the identification
of associations between specific biomolecules. This will lead, in particular, to the
generation of solid hypotheses about the role or causal relationships of proteins
of unknown function and, thereby, will facilitate the discovery of previously unknown
traits of specific microbial community members. Image courtesy Emilie Muller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/21_6.txt,ave_3,21_6.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_8.txt,allv2,32_8.txt,"Recent advances have shed light on archaeal involvement in CO2 fixation, organic biopolymer
transformation, and methane metabolism in coastal ecosystems. This has significantly
expanded our knowledge of the ecological roles of coastal archaea, because they are
integral yet overlooked components of coastal blue carbon ecosystems. The upper part
of the cover image shows diverse coastal ecosystems (mangrove, saltmarsh, and seagrass)
and anthropogenic activities (oil spill, aquaculture, and wastewater discharge), while
the lower part depicts coastal archaea feeding on CO2 (black and red balls), CH4 (black
and blue balls), and organic biopolymers (black mesh). The relation between coastal
ecosystems and the roles of archaea in carbon biogeochemical cycling forms the crux
of the manuscript by Zhang and colleagues. Image courtesy: Xinxu Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/31_8.txt,ave_2,31_8.txt,"Nitrogen (N) is absolutely essential to life as we know it. Though
atmospherically abundant, N must first be converted, or “fixed,” prior to biological
uptake
and crop fertilizer manufacturing. Synthetic N-fixation, today responsible for half
of all fixed
N, comes with profound economic and environmental costs. Fortunately, an alternative,
ancient biological strategy—catalyzed by microbially hosted nitrogenase proteins—holds
enormous bioengineering potential for sustainable N-fixation. Yet, researchers have
been
unable to mimic this elegant biological solution and lack an understanding of environmental
drivers in its evolution, limiting predictions for how biological N-fixation will
respond to a
changing climate. In this special issue, Holly Rucker and Betül Kaçar review the complex
history of nitrogen fixation over billions of years of planetary history.
Image courtesy: Prof. Betül Kaçar, UW-Madison.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_9.png,D,A new computational method to study electronic spectroscopy and photoinduced dynamics in molecular aggregates in the condensed phase: Ad-Md|gLVC combines classical Molecular Dynamics and wavepacket quantum dynamics to investigate the impact of thermal fluctuations of the aggregate and the solvent on the vibronic dynamics on the coupled excitonic and charge-transfer states.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_7.txt,sbert,2022_7.txt,"We present a computational scheme, based on a time-dependent extension of noncollinear spin density functional theory, for the simultaneous simulation of charge and magnetization dynamics in molecular systems. The method is benchmarked against the low-frequency spin dynamics of the H–He–H molecule and the bimetallic Mn complex in the figure (BISDOW), where the magnetization dynamics resembles the classical magnetization precession of a Heisenberg–Dirac-van Vleck Hamiltonian. The arrows represent the instantaneous atomic magnetic moments evaluated from the spin density. See J. E. Peralta, O. Hod, and G. E. Scuseria, pp 3661–3668.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_5.txt,multiBv1,2015_5.txt,"Resonance energy transfer and energy delocalization are described in a single unifying model that accounts for intermolecular electrostatic interactions and molecular vibrations. Coupling the system to a thermal bath, we follow the energy fluxes in real time and simulate time-resolved emission spectra.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_23.txt,allv2,2023_23.txt,The generalized cavity molecular dynamics scheme can efficiently simulate vibrational strong coupling for a layer of molecules confined in Fabry–Pérot optical cavities by sampling a collection of molecular ensembles in a grid.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_7.png,D,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,"Three-dimensional molecular maps showing the localization of two compounds used in beauty products, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (left) and kaurenoic acid (middle), on the skin of a healthy human being. Also shown are molecular maps for sinapic acid, a food additive (upper right), and C18-sphingosine, a cell membrane phospholipid (lower right). Intensities of each molecule are represented with a color scale from blue (low intensity) to red (high intensity). Image taken from the protocol by Theodore Alexandrov et al. doi:10.1038/nprot.2017.122. Cover design by Jamel Wooten.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_12.txt,sbert,13_12.txt,"MXene jeobeon fan
A scanning electron microscopy image of a Ti3C2Tx MXene particle partially exfoliated by high shear mixing and imaged at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)/National NanoFab Center (NNFC) in Daejeon, South Korea, during a visit from Philadelphia, USA. The fan has close to the 18 ribs commonly found on traditional Korean fans, while the surrounding particles resemble falling cherry blossom petals that bloom throughout South Korea and Philadelphia. See Downes et al.
Image: Marley Downes, A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_7.txt,groundtruth,19_7.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.png,A,"Modern chemistry programs must include the skills and techniques that enable their graduates to perform experiments safely. In response to a call for papers, scientists and educators from around the world have contributed articles to the Journal of Chemical Education's Special Issue on Chemical Safety Education: Methods, Culture, and Green Chemistry. The articles in the issue are broadly distributed among topics covering resources, green chemistry, safety culture, and pedagogy. This issue is a resource for ideas and discussion to encourage ""a new way to look at safety"", with a focus on assessing hazards, minimizing risk, and valuing a strong chemical safety culture. (Cover image courtesy of Jane E. Wissinger.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_12.txt,groundtruth,2021_12.txt,"Chemists Celebrate Earth Day is an ACS annual event that seeks to bring international focus to environmental topics, such as clean air, water, and energy, to illustrate the positive role chemistry plays in understanding and preserving the Earth. Environmental chemistry engages students of all levels in learning new chemistry concepts by relating chemistry to their daily lives as well as heightening awareness of environmental issues. In honor of Earth Day 2016, the April issue includes a variety of content that provides ideas and suggestions for bringing environmental chemistry to students on the topics of: water quality; climate science and greenhouse gases; atmospheric chemistry; sustainability, green chemistry, and environmental awareness; and energy storage technology. (Image of the Earth straddling the limb of the Moon taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera is used with permission: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center/Arizona State University.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_9.txt,ave_2,2016_9.txt,"The cover images are from one of the many videos available at the JCE Chemical Education Xchange Web site (ChemEd X, http://www.jce.divched.org/). The Journal of Chemical Education’spartner Web site aims to foster sharing of digital resources, information, and ideas among chemical educators. (Images from Chemistry Comes Alive!, JCE Software.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_12.txt,allv2,2014_12.txt,"The College Board has released a new framework for the advanced placement (AP) chemistry course and exam emphasizing big ideas, enduring understandings, and science practices; concomitant instructional changes are underway. In response to a call for papers on the AP chemistry curriculum and assessment redesign, chemistry educators at the high school and college levels have contributed papers collected in this special issue on AP chemistry to share ideas, best practices, perspectives, and recommendations for action. Contributions to the “Journal of Chemical Education Special Issue: Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry” have a designation that they are part of this collection. (Cover photo courtesy of Deanna Cullen.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2014_4.txt,multiBv1,2014_4.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_5.png,A,"For Gram-negative bacteria to survive and possess virulence, outer
membrane proteins (OMPs) must be properly made and maintained. In their article on
pages 667–680, Taylor Devlin and Dr. Karen Fleming describe the team of chaperones
and proteases with both redundant and unique functions that exist to help unfolded
precursor OMPs traverse the periplasm and facilitate proper OMP assembly at the OM.
Cover art by Anneliese Faustino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_5.txt,groundtruth,49_5.txt,"Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a central role in the integrity of the outer membrane
of Gram-negative bacteria. The essential β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex
is thought to facilitate folding and insertion of OMPs into the outer membrane, but
the mechanisms remained unclear. On pages 872–882 in this issue, Ashlee Plummer and
Karen Fleming summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms through which
BAM folds and inserts OMPs into the bacterial outer membrane. Cover design by Yvonne
Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_3.txt,allv2,41_3.txt,"Proper function of the 26S proteasome lies at the heart of the ubiquitin-proteasome
system. Comprising more than 30 subunits, this machine is required for the recognition,
unfolding, and destruction of target proteins On pages 634–642 of this issue, Gallategui
and Groll discuss the latest research into the assembly and regulation of this amazing
machine. Design by Nerea Gallastegui and Michael Groll, with assistance from Jordi
Pie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/35_2.txt,ave_2,35_2.txt,"Chaperonins are large oligomers built by two stacked rings. These nanomachines promote
protein folding by binding non-native proteins and providing an isolated cavity where
productive folding takes place (the position and shape of the hands provide a symbolic
albeit accurate view of the structure of the chaperonin cavity). The whole process
is driven by conformational changes induced by ATP binding and hydrolysis. On pages
424–432 of this issue, Yébenes et al. discuss how recent insights into these nanomachines,
gained through electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies, have shed light
on the underlying assisted folding mechanism. Cover design by Pablo Mesa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/36_5.txt,ave_3,36_5.txt,val
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_2.png,D,"The development of efficient nanosystems for the in vivo molecular imaging of inflammation is of paramount relevance for the early detection of several pathologies.  Here, we designed a paramagnetic micellar nanosystem able to interact with VCAM-1, overexpressed on the vascular endothelium during the inflammation process. As a result, a sensitive T1 enhancement in MRI images was obtained in inflamed sites.  The authors acknowledge Davide Einaudi for his collaboration in the realization of the cover image. Credit is given to Shutterstock, Inc. for the image of the needle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_5.txt,multiBv1,2016_5.txt,"Biofunctional biomaterials aim to positively interact with the host and through their biophysical, biochemical and/or biological cargo to stimulate the innate reparative machinery, thereby promoting functional repair and regeneration. To this end, biomaterial-based carriers (e.g., particles, spheres), chemical systems (e.g., dendrimers, stimuli responsive polymers) and biological molecules (e.g., peptides) are at the forefront of scientific and technological research and innovation. Images have been adapted from the following papers: (1) Chan et al., Synthetic strategies for engineering intravenous hemostats; (2) Leiro et al., The present and the future of degradable dendrimers and derivatives in theranostics; (3) Fontana et al., Three-dimensional microgel platform for the production of cell factories tailored for the nucleus pulposus; (4) Wu et al., Dendrimers in medicine: Therapeutic concepts and pharmaceutical challenges; (5) Liu et al., Rationally engineering phototherapy modules of eosin-conjugated responsive polymeric nanocarriers via intracellular endocytic pH gradients; (6) Gong et al., Releasable conjugation of polymers to proteins; (7) Son et al., Magnetofection mediated transient NANOG overexpression enhances proliferation and myogenic differentiation of human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells; (8) Samorezov et al., Dual ionic and photo-cross-linked alginate hydrogels for micropatterned spatial control of material properties and cell behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_6.txt,allv2,2015_6.txt,"Pictured is a conjugate of a boron-rich dendritic wedge, a fluorophore, and a ligand that targets αvβ3 integrins overexpressed on αvβ3-positive tumor cells and vasculature. The reported convergent strategy enables efficient, modular synthesis of the conjugate, which rapidly accumulates and is retained for 7 days in animal models of human melanoma and murine mammary adenocarcinoma. Fluorescence turn-on functionality allows for high signal-to-noise ratio monitoring of the accumulation and retention of the conjugate in the tumors. (See Dubey et al. on page 78.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_12.txt,sbert,2015_12.txt,The transfection efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers decorated with a linear fluorinated guanidino linker was studied as a function of the PAMAM generation and the degree of grafting. These multifunctional conjugates showed remarkable transfection efficiency and suitable features for a possible implementation in 19F MRI applications thanks to their sharp and intense fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance signals and favorable relaxation parameters. The cover has been designed by Carola Romani. The MRI apparatus has been created with ChatGPT.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_9.png,C,"Dark matter under the lens
Gravitational lensing caustics show a complex pattern when the quadruply lensed quasar HS 0810+2554 is modelled with wave-like dark matter. This treatment is able to predict residual discrepancies left over by conventional particle dark matter modelling, lending weight to alternative dark matter hypotheses.
See Amruth et al.
Image: Alfred Amruth, University of Hong Kong. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_7.txt,sbert,7_7.txt,"Nearest radio galaxy tuned in
Nearby Centaurus A contains a supermassive black hole that powers a jet of relativistic particles. Using the Event Horizon Telescope, Michael Janssen et al. image substructures down to the base of the jet, revealing a hollow bi-cone with extremely bright edges — much like the jet in the more massive M87.
See Janssen et al.
Image: Michael Janssen, Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/5_3.txt,allv2,5_3.txt,"Sun-a-day diet for luminous quasar
A heavyweight black hole, embedded within quasar SMSS J052915.80−435152.0 at a redshift of z ≈ 4, is accreting a solar mass of material every day. The process releases 2 × 1041 W of power, meaning that this quasar currently holds the title of most luminous quasar known.
See Wolf et al.
Image: ESO/M. Kornmesser, Cristy Roberts, Australian National University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"Neutrinos from a blazar flare
Blazars, powered by an accreting supermassive black hole, launch collimated relativistic outflows (pictured) that are among the brightest persistent radiation sources in the Universe. The recent IceCube detection of a very-high-energy neutrino from the blazar TXS0506 + 056 in coincidence with a multi-wavelength flare implies that blazars can accelerate cosmic rays beyond petaelectronvolt energies, challenging conventional theoretical models.
See Gao et al. and News & Views by Pian
Image: DESY, Science Communication Lab. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_12.txt,ave_1,3_12.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_7.png,C,"Disabling CRISPR immunity
The cover shows electron micrographs of phage ΦAP1.1. This phage utilizes a two-pronged approach to disable CRISPR immunity in Streptococcus pyogenes: first, by producing a protein inhibitor of Cas9 during the lytic portion of its life cycle, and second, by using a site-specific integrase to insert the prophage into the CRISPR array during lysogeny
See Varble et al
Image: Hilda Amalia Pasolli, The Rockefeller University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"Macrophage-induced tolerance
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics.
See Rowe, S. E. et al.
Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_11.txt,multiBv1,5_11.txt,"Outcomes of personalized phage therapy
This image shows a bacteriophage on its bacterial host injecting its genome inside the cell where it will reproduce. New bacteriophages burst through the cell wall to find new hosts to infect. In nature, bacteriophages control bacterial populations. Today, they hold potential as a tool in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. A retrospective, observational study reports the efficacy of personalized phage therapy, especially when combined with antibiotics.
See Pirnay et al.
Image: TUMEGGY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_7.txt,groundtruth,9_7.txt,"Phage protection in a (nut)shell
Some jumbo phages lead to the formation of a nucleus-like structure of unknown function upon infection. This structure is shown by Malone and colleagues to protect a Serratia jumbo phage from DNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas defence systems, although phage RNA is still susceptible to CRISPR–Cas RNA targeting in the cytoplasm.
See Malone, L. M. et al.
Image: Julia S. Malone Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_12.txt,sbert,5_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_8.png,A,"Peptide stapling provides control over conformation leading to improved stability and enhanced binding affinity. Non-symmetric stapling is more broadly applicable but introduces a requirement for high chemo-selectivity and site-selectivity. The image shows one such unsymmetrically stapled peptide binding to its target — image generated from Baeriswyl, S., Stocker, A., Reymond, J.-L., Fucosylated bicyclic peptide bp71 bound to the fucose binding lectin LecB PA-IIL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1.7 Angstrom resolution (2020) https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6y0v/pdb (PDB ID 6Y0V). The past 5 years have witnessed several significant breakthroughs in addressing these challenges and are the subject of a review by Chen et al.
Cover image: Fajie Chen; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_8.txt,groundtruth,8_8.txt,"The use of the environmentally-sensitive fluorescent amino acid (amino Trp-BODIPY) allowed the acquisition of real-time and wash-free images showing the effect of an antimicrobial peptide on live cells of the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The images exemplify how new developments in the field of fluorescent amino acids have boosted the capabilities of biological studies. See Cheng et al.
Images: Can Zhao. Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/4_7.txt,ave_2,4_7.txt,"Virtually all naturally occurring biomolecules are homochiral. Powerful modern synthetic methods can access these complex molecules as their mirror-images, whereby their unique properties can be leveraged for application in drug discovery, racemic crystallography, and ultimately, in early progress towards constructing mirror-image life. This cover image is a kaleidoscopic representation of a mirror-image T7 RNA polymerase (the largest protein that has been chemically synthesized to date), highlighting the incredible size and complexity of mirror-image proteins that are now synthetically accessible. See Harrison et al.
Image: Lucas Kambanis. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_7.txt,sbert,7_7.txt,"In bulk aqueous solution, peptide self-association occurs through a process of hierarchical self-assembly. The small peptide building blocks first form primary assemblies and it is these that then go on to form a larger lattice. See Yuan et al.
Image: Ehud Gazit. Design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.png,B,"Physiological mechanosensory proteins need to constantly – and reversibly – unfold and refold under mechanical forces. Consequently, the elasticity of individual proteins underpins diverse macroscopic phenomena in biology. The cover shows the complex energy landscape that defines the conformational dynamics of a single protein when exposed to mechanical load. See Amy E. M. Beedle and Sergi Garcia-Manyes
Image: Sergi Garcia-Manyes and Ella Maru Studio Inc. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_12.txt,ave_2,8_12.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"The dynamics of epithelial tissues play a key role in tissue organization, both in health and disease. In this Review, the materials and techniques for the study of epithelial movement and mechanics are discussed and epithelia as active matter are investigated from theoretical and experimental perspectives. See Xi et al.
Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.txt,allv2,10_2.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.png,C,"Lasing from bulk nanocrystals
The image depicts surface-emitting lasers consisting of a bulk nanocrystal layer covered by a 2D photonic crystal grating.
See Geiregat
Image: Ivo Tanghe, Ghent University. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_1.txt,ave_2,18_1.txt,"The ultimate resolution for printing colour images is dictated by the diffraction limit of visible light. To achieve this limit, Joel K. W. Yang and co-workers from IMRE, A*STAR in Singapore use a nanopatterned surface composed of silver–gold nanoposts and a backreflector over a silicon substrate. The metallic nanostructures interact with the incident light of a bright-field microscope through surface plasmon resonances and reflect a wide range of colours depending on the diameter and spacing of the nanoposts. The cover shows a false colour close-up of this nanopatterned surface coding for a portion of the left eye in the famous Lena image. The colours of the nanoposts correspond to the actual reflected wavelength, as seen through a bright-field microscope.
Letters p557; News & Views p550
IMAGE: KARTHIK KUMAR, HUIGAO DUAN, RAVI S. HEGDE, SAMUEL C. W. KOH, JENNIFER N. WEI AND JOEL K. W. YANG
COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/7_4.txt,ave_3,7_4.txt,"Complete photonic bandgap in the visible
The image on the cover shows a 3D-printed sculpture composed of nanoscale gyroid crystals in titania that exhibit optical chirality under visible light.
See Yang et al.
Image: Wang Zhang, Joel K. W. Yang, Singapore University of Technology and Design. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Photonic crystals help quantum dots to shed more light.
Cover design by Karen Moore.
Article by Ganesh  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_10.png,C,Translocation of the ER into neuronal spines is mediated by myosin-Va. [article p40],MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/13_12.txt,ave_3,13_12.txt,"Autophagy
Lysosomes at the crossroads of cell growth and cell cycle
See Nowosad et al..
Image: Ada Nowosad, LBCMCP UMR5088, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, Université de Toulouse. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_4.txt,allv2,22_4.txt,"ER-phagy during neurogenesis
Quantitative proteomics analyses show the importance of selective autophagy in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remodelling across neuronal subcompartments and decode the substrate selectivity of ER-phagy receptors during in vitro neurogenesis.
See Hoyer et al. and News & Views by Molinari
Image: Cristina Capitanio, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_10.txt,groundtruth,26_10.txt,Phagocytic clearance of neurons is performed by a specific class of neuronal progenitors and is important for neurogenesis. [article p1076],MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/13_4.txt,multiBv1,13_4.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.png,C,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Fang et al., “Evaluating the Antifouling Properties of Poly(ether sulfone)/Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) Blend Membranes in a Full-Size Membrane Module” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00114); and Rafiei and Ricardez-Sandoval, “Stochastic Back-Off Approach for Integration of Design and Control Under Uncertainty” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03935).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_40.txt,sbert,2018_40.txt,The atomic connectivity group contribution (ACGC) models are developed for predicting the phase transition properties of organic compounds. Shape factors and atomic connectivity factors are proposed to deal with isomers in the group contribution (GC) method.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_18.txt,allv2,2023_18.txt,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"This paper presents different machine learning algorithms used to predict the production and characteristics of aligned electrospun nanofibers fabricated by the air gap electrospinning method. Classification and regression models are developed using logistic regression, random forest, artificial neural networks, and convolutional neural networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.txt,ave_2,2024_30.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_2.png,A,"Anthracene decomposes in a lanthanum-rich melt, providing a source of carbon and interstitial hydrogen for the metal flux synthesis of new compounds. This enabled the crystal growth of La3BC2H1.7, a new superconductor. Part of the image was generated using ImageFX.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"This cover art highlights the state-of-the-art atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology for synthesizing iron, cobalt, and nickel chalcogenides. Recent progress in the related ALD precursors, processes and film properties, surface chemistry and growth mechanisms, and applications, as well as an outlook and the author?s perspective, is given for this ALD technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2021_9.txt,sbert,2021_9.txt,"The cover image is a collage of 27 images submitted by the authors of the Special Issue papers. The full details regarding the images and the papers to which they refer can be obtained in the Supporting Information available online (see Supporting Information of dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm4037988, “Celebrating Twenty-Five Years of Chemistry of Materials” by Leonard V. Interrante and Edwin A. Chandross).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2014_24.txt,allv2,2014_24.txt,"Bio-inspired crystal synthesis in combination with high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction was used to demonstrate that a recombinant GFP-tagged biomineralization protein is incorporated into the crystal lattice of calcite to an extent comparable to the natural system. In contrast, pure GFP is hardly incorporated at all. This approach opens a promising route toward the synthesis of new and improved biocomposite materials. For more information, see “Incorporation of a Recombinant Biomineralization Fusion Protein into the Crystalline Lattice of Calcite” by Eva Weber, Leonid Bloch, Christina Guth, Andy N. Fitch, Ingrid M. Weiss, and Boaz Pokroy* (Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 4925–4932). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2014_8.txt,multiBv1,2014_8.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_5.png,A,"Pinpoint doping for polymers
The cover shows an atomic force microscopy image of nanoscale doped plastic polymers achieved through precise electrochemical ion implantation.
See Lanyi Xiang et al.
Image: Chong-an Di, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_5.txt,groundtruth,19_5.txt,"Polymer nanowires light up.
Letter by D. O'Carroll  et al  | News and Views by Russell J. Holmes",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"The ability to reliably handle individual polymer chains could lead to the fabrication of miniaturized electronic and optical wires. To this end, Kurt Gothelf, Mingdong Dong and colleagues have now developed a method to control the shape individual polymer molecules adopt. They synthesized a polymer with short single-stranded DNA extending from the backbone enabling the polymer to self-assemble into predesigned routings using the complementary DNA strands extending from 2- and 3D DNA origami structures. The artist’s impression on the cover shows the DNA-functionalized polymer assembling on a U-shaped track on a rectangular DNA origami template.
Article p892; News & Views p829
IMAGE: JAKOB BACH KNUDSEN
COVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/10_3.txt,sbert,10_3.txt,"Water-based nanofabrication
The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer.
See Omenetto
Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_3.txt,multiBv1,19_3.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.png,C,"The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart
Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals.
See Koenig et al.
Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,"Macrophages improve the function of engineered cardiac microtissue
Hamidzada et al. show that after integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages into human cardiac microtissue, they adopt the resident fate and improve microtissue function by ingesting stressed cardiomyocytes or their cargo by efferocytosis.
See Hamidzada et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.txt,multiBv1,3_8.txt,"Regenerative senescence in cardiac repair
Zhang et al. show that the transcription factor Egr1 regulates transient senescence in cardiac fibroblasts during neonatal heart regeneration and upon agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice, acting downstream of the integrin–FAK–ERK1/2–Akt1 axis.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Genia Brodsky, Design Section, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.txt,groundtruth,3_5.txt,"Endotheliitis and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID
Thomas et al. use thrombotic vascular tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids to show that COVID-19-induced vascular endotheliitis and cytokine release disrupt endothelial–cardiomyocyte crosstalk and contribute to cardiac dysfunction in long COVID.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Christina Wu, freelance illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_37,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_37.png,A,"The high concentration of oxygen vacancies on Ni/CeO2-NS facilitates the activation of water and oxygen molecules during methanol oxidative steam reforming, leading to enhanced conversion of methanol to hydrogen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_37.txt,groundtruth,2024_37.txt,"The hydroisomerization of n-heptane on Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst takes place on Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, which synergistically convert the intermediate carbocations into branched C7-paraffins, thus contributing to the production of high-octane gasoline. Single-event kinetic modeling of the isomerization and cracking reactions has been used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.txt,sbert,2024_48.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: N. Huang et al., “Insights into the Bimetallic Effects of a RhCo Catalyst for Ethene Hydroformylation: Experimental and DFT Investigations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03437); A. Giehr et al., “Dry and Steam Reforming of CH4 on Co-Hexaaluminate: On the Formation of Metallic Co and Its Influence on Catalyst Activity” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03522); and S. Dzuryk and E. Rezaei, “Intensification of the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction by Water-Permeable Packed-Bed Membrane Reactors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02213).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,The strong interfacial synergy at the Ni/Ga2O3 interface facilitates the selective CO2 hydrogenation to form CO and H2O.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_26.txt,multiBv1,2021_26.txt,val
iScience,28_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/28_2.png,C,"On the cover: People's vision for a future electricity system is decentralized, willing
to accept trade-offs, as shown in Mey et al. The picture captures this future vision with a person walking toward a small-scale
wind farm (six turbines) in the vicinity of several villages and settlements in central
Germany. Image credit: Lech Aleksandrowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_9.txt,ave_2,27_9.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_3.txt,allv2,28_3.txt,"On the cover: The illustration represents the core concept of collaborative trajectory
following in a connected and automated airspace environment driven by 5G technology.
Leveraging the low-latency global 5G network, aircraft acquire the capability for
high-speed information exchange and real-time interaction necessary for global connectivity.
By integrating intelligent aircraft following and interactions within autonomous connected
airspace, the system achieves a dynamic and orderly stability in trajectory following,
demonstrating adaptive resilience to environmental disturbances. This highlights the
creation of a highly connected, collaborated, and stable future air traffic operation
system. This vision aligns with the framework proposed by Huang et al., offering an intelligent connected aircraft-following model. Image source: Xiao Huang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/28_2.txt,groundtruth,28_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image describes a typical imminent collision scenario. Since
the frontal space is limited, the collision cannot be avoided for the ego vehicle,
i.e., into the oncoming vehicle, into the left buildings, or into the right pedestrians.
It is difficult for human drivers to make the optimal decision given the high spatial
and temporal pressure. In contrast, automated vehicles are promising to significantly
mitigate human injury risks due to a specifically designed safety decision-making
algorithm (represented by the robot sitting in the passenger seat).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_5.txt,ave_3,25_5.txt,val
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.png,D,"Modular engineering strategy was applied to promote EET of S. oneidensis. First, the expression of lactate permease promoted substrate uptake. Subsequently, the intracellular NADH regeneration was accelerated by optimizing the metabolic pathway. Finally, overexpression of NADH dehydrogenase enhanced NADH oxidation. The above strategies synergistically promoted the EET of S. oneidensis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2023_11.txt,allv2,2023_11.txt,The application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can effectively improve the titer and yield of 2′-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_3,2021_3.txt,"In order to construct carboxysome in E. coli, an auxiliary module was designed to assist the synthesis of carboxysome derived from cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus marinus MED4. The results proved that the auxiliary module can not only facilitate self-assembling of synthetic carboxysome in E. coli but also effectively convert external CO2 to multiple metabolic intermediates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_9.txt,sbert,2021_9.txt,. Co-utilization of type I and type II PTSs facilitates the relocation of the nine-gene limonene biosynthesis pathway by using just three expression cassettes. Dual-regulation in peroxisome and cytoplasm is achieved and employed for enhancing,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_10.png,A,"A sense of belonging can provide LGBTQ+ people with the opportunity to thrive and promote psychological well-being. In this Review, Matsick et al. summarize factors that influence belonging based on sexual orientation and gender.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,"In this Perspective, Lindquist et al. suggest that emotions are underpinned by neural mechanisms linked to physiological and action regulation, but discrete emotion categories are cultural artefacts that evolved through social transmission.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"In this Review, Luhmann et al. summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across time and space and consider macro-level factors that might account for these differences.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_12.txt,ave_2,2_12.txt,"Individuals who are transgender or nonbinary experience a higher prevalence of certain mental health concerns. In this Review, Tebbe and Budge discuss these disparities along with factors that protect these individuals from negative outcomes and promote well-being.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,val
Cancer Cell,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/43_1.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Lu et al. (pages 21–35) report that vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) directly and negatively regulates glioblastoma tumor cell invasion
by suppressing HGF-dependent MET phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. The cover
image depicts the opposing “yin and yang” nature of VEGF signaling. On one hand, murine
glioblastomas that overexpress VEGF are highly proliferative and angiogenic but with
well-defined, circumscribed borders (left side). At the opposite extreme, murine glioblastomas
deficient of VEGF are nonangiogenic, slower growing, but highly invasive (right side).
Tumor cells are red, blood vessels are green, and nuclei are blue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/22_6.txt,ave_3,22_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_2.txt,allv2,43_2.txt,test
Med,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/6_1.png,C,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_2.txt,allv2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_3.png,D,"A detour for neural representations
Training a neural network, which involves optimizing its parameters to reduce a loss function, can be thought of as moving through a landscape with hills of high error and valleys of low error. In the cover image, the red line shows such a trajectory, moving along the gradient towards lower loss. In this issue, Ciceri et al. describe that in successfully learning classification tasks, this training trajectory does not follow a direct route. Instead, the path takes a detour, shown here in brighter red, in which the representation of the data separates in training before later rejoining.
See Ciceri et al.
Image: Marco Gherardi, Università degli Studi di Milano. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_12.txt,allv2,6_12.txt,"Evolving neural units
While neural network architectures are often said to be inspired by the brain, many design choices and optimizations are usually made by researchers. Evolutionary approaches to machine learning attempt to efficiently optimize these architectures through evolution. The cover image shows work by Bertens and Lee, who take a step further towards biological realism by proposing evolvable neural units that can mimic individual neuronal compartments and learning rules. Also in this issue, Tanneberg and colleagues use evolutionary training to learn robust and scalable algorithms.
See Bertens and Lee
Image: Donguk Kim, Scapiens. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"Guiding evolutionary computing
Evolutionary computation has made impressive achievements in solving complex problems in science and industry, but a long-standing challenge is that there is no theoretical guarantee on the global optimum and the general reliability of solutions. A possible way to guide evolutionary computing and avoid local optimums is to incorporate representation learning, steering the approach to exploit one identified attention region of problem space.
See Li et al.
Image: Bin Li, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_9.txt,ave_3,5_9.txt,"Gathering knowledge on functionally invariant paths
When a neural network is optimized for more than one objective, improvement on a new task often results in worse performance on previously learned tasks. Raghavan et al. formulate this optimization problem in terms of differential geometry and follow paths that preserve previous solutions while searching for new ones.
See Raghavan et al.
Image: Vanitha Selvarajan. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,val
Nature Mental Health,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/3_1.png,B,"Translational science in mental health research
In our September issue, we publish new work and commentary that feature translational science. As a nod to the translational role that bridges work from animal models to clinical research, the cover displays the profiles of a mouse and a human head in a contiguous line drawing. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of clinical and animal work in mental health research, in which so much is dependent on what can be observed and demonstrated preclinically before it can be translated in humans.
Read more about the enduring importance of translational work in mental health research in our Editorial.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_4.txt,multiBv1,2_4.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,val
Molecular Plant,17_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_9.png,D,"On The Cover Wheat is a staple crop mainly cultivated in arid and semi-arid areas worldwide. However,
wheat production is frequently threatened by water scarcity that is further exacerbated
by global warming and population growth. Developing drought-tolerant cultivars is
a central challenge for wheat breeders, which relies on the better understanding of
the genotype-phenotype relationship. In this issue, Mao et al. discover that the variation
in cis-regulation of a NAC transcription factor (TaNAC071-A) contributes to drought tolerance
in wheat. The study reveals a novel genetic mechanism underlying wheat drought tolerance
and will facilitate the breeding of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. Image by: Hude
Mao and Zhensheng Kang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/15_12.txt,allv2,15_12.txt,On The Cover Parthenocarpic fruits develop from the corolla of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pf1 mutant. Image by: Christian Clepet.,MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_6.txt,sbert,14_6.txt,"On the cover: Chinese cabbage is an economically important vegetable crop in the world. To promote
functional genomic studies of Chinese cabbage, the work by Jianjun Zhao and colleagues
in this issue generated an EMS-mutagenized mutant population of the Chinese cabbage
inbred line A03, obtained a high-quality genome assembly for A03, performed large-scale
screening of this mutant collection at the phenotypic and genotypic levels, and built
the Chinese cabbage EMS mutation database (CCEMD). These resources and tools will
greatly facilitate functional genomic studies of Chinese cabbage and other Brassica
crops, including the discovery of causal genes underlying important agronomic traits
for genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage. The cover image shows the wild-type Chinese
cabbage with green leaves and a yellow-leaf mutant at the heading stage. The cover
caption was provided by Jianjun Zhao. Image by Guoxin Lu, Jingchao Liu, and Xiaoxue
Sun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/15_8.txt,ave_2,15_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a story showing that tomato domestication and improvement
reduce drought tolerance. Wild and cultivated tomato may encounter various levels
of drought stress during their growth and reproduction. In the process of tomato domestication
and improvement, fruit weight and size are the key traits that have underwent artificial
selection. However, this process has reduced the rich genetic diversity of wild tomatoes,
leading to negative selection of many kinds of metabolites such as phenolamides. In
this issue, Cao et al. found that the levels of phenolamides are primarily controlled
by two biosynthetic gene clusters, BGC7 and BGC11, and their regulator of the transcription
factor SlMYB13, all of which have been subjected to artificial negative selection
that has caused reduced drought resistance in cultivated tomatoes. Image by: Shouchuang
Wang, Peng Cao and Jun Yang with the assistance of DALL·E (https://openai.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_9.txt,groundtruth,17_9.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_4.png,A,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"Extracting relevant structures from free energy molecular simulations can be a daunting task. The newly developed FESTA script simplifies this process, offering ease, robustness, and broad compatibility, making ""fishing"" in the free energy pond both efficient and enjoyable. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2025_5.txt,allv2,2025_5.txt,"On the cover. The key elements in our approach, which employs a generative model to sample novel chemical structures. Commencing from a set of structurally similar molecules, shown in the top row, a model is constructed which describes the structural variations (left). New samples are then drawn from this model and a projection step is applied (right). These samples are shown in the bottom row and represent novel chemical structures that, with high probability, have similar structural properties to those in the original set. The molecules used to construct the model are taken from the EGFR dataset in the Directory of Useful Decoys. See D. White and R. C. Wilson, p 1257.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2010_6.txt,ave_3,2010_6.txt,"Graphic from this issue of J. Chem. Inf. Model. A free energy transformation map created using the FEP+ mapper. A series of molecular dynamics based free energy calculations have been performed, perturbing between a series of small aromatics binding to an engineered form of T4 lysozyme. Each arrow represents an alchemical perturbation between the connected molecules, conducted in solution and complex. Numbers indicate the estimated relative binding free energies, ΔΔG0. The redundancy in the graph, with multiple pathways connecting each pair of molecules, provides a robust estimate of the calculation error. (See T. B. Steinbrecher, M. Dahlgren, D. Cappel, T. Lin, L. Wang, G. Krilov, R. Abel, R. Friesner, and W. Sherman, pp 2411–2420; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00538.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling/2015_2.txt,ave_2,2015_2.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_10.png,C,"The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) underwent dramatic changes over the Holocene, impacting global sea levels. This Review discusses these pre-industrial Holocene changes and their drivers, as well as their relevance for current and future perturbations to the AIS. See Jones et al.
Image: Richard. S. Jones. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"Permafrost is warming and thawing at accelerating rates. This Focus issue and an accompanying online collection examines how permafrost is changing and the consequences for Earth and human systems. See Collection.
Image: peace portal photo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"With continued anthropogenic warming, an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2) is inevitable. This Review outlines the various characteristics of an ice-free Arctic, highlighting that future emission trajectories will determine where, how frequently, and for how long the Arctic will be ice-free each year.
Image credit: Vicki Beaver / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"Carbon capture and storage has a fundamental role in limiting anthropogenic warming to 1.5–2°C. This Review discusses the basis, potential and limitations of in situ mineral carbonation as a carbon capture and storage strategy. See Snæbjörnsdóttir et al.
Image: Sandra Ó. Snæbjörnsdóttir, CarbFix. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,test
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_5.png,B,"As an increasing proportion of the Earth’s land surface becomes used for agriculture,
it is ever more important to assess the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation
efforts directed at farmland. Focusing on European farmland species, the article by
David Kleijn and colleagues on pages 474–481 of this issue finds some general principles
for assessing farmland biodiversity conservation and reveals that worryingly little
is known about the effectiveness of European agri-environment schemes in reducing
biodiversity loss. The cover shows terracing, conservation tillage and a riparian
buffer, all aimed at improving soil and water quality and therefore enhancing biodiversity.
Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/26_4.txt,allv2,26_4.txt,"Agriculture is a primary cause of the biodiversity crisis. On pages 726–733,
Teja Tscharntke and colleagues argue that a mix of on- and off-field measures is needed
to conserve biodiversity, overcoming the false dichotomy of the land sharing-sparing
debate. The cover image shows wheat—oilseed rape intercropping (near Göttingen,
Germany) to reduce field sizes, increase landscape heterogeneity, and to enhance
biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological control. Photo credit: Uwe
Holst.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_5.txt,groundtruth,39_5.txt,"On pages 20–28, Joern Fischer and colleagues discuss the opportunities that the UN
Decade on Ecosystem Restoration will give to restoration ecologists and argue that
ecosystem restoration will be most effective if it is approached from a social-ecological
perspective. The cover depicts a transdisciplinary project involving traditional orchard
restoration in an old horse paddock near Leuphana University in northern Germany,
where sequential cohorts of students are learning and measuring how biodiversity returns
in the orchard over time, in collaboration with a local traditional orchard club.
Photo credit: Johanna Hofmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/36_12.txt,ave_3,36_12.txt,"Threats to biodiversity can occur in areas where humans are in conflict. This means
that, if handled in the most effective way, conservation efforts directed against
those threats could contribute to conflict resolution. On pp. 305–310 of this issue,
Alexandre Roulin and colleagues discuss this opportunity in the context of a conservation
programme uniting people from Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority. The cover
image shows a Jordanian farmer holding a barn owl, the focal species of the campaign.
Behind him, an Israeli farmer next to a nest box. © Hagai Aharon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/32_8.txt,ave_2,32_8.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_14.png,B,"Well-defined silica-supported tantalum/iridium heterobimetallic complexes promote H/D exchange between fluorobenzene and D2 with excellent productivity under mild conditions. These original materials exhibit drastically increased catalytic performances with respect to monometallic analogues as well as homogeneous systems and rival the best catalysts known to date. See Camp and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08311 View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_49.txt,allv2,2020_49.txt,"The Pd/Cu bimetallic catalytic system demonstrates precise synergistic interaction, akin to interlocking gears, enabling enantio- and diastereodivergent Wacker-type dicarbofunctionalization of alkene-tethered aryl triflates with imino esters. A series of 2-indanyl motifs bearing adjacent carbon stereocenters could be easily synthesized.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"A mild and selective alkyl—alkyl cross-coupling between styrenyl aziridines and organozinc reagents has been achieved utilizing a nickel catalyst. In this reaction, the electron-deficient olefin dimethyl fumarate shows unrivaled activity over other ligands commonly used for cross-coupling. See Huang and Doyle, p 9541.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_29.txt,ave_1,2012_29.txt,Catalytic enantioselective synthesis initiated by regioselective cleavage of the sterically hindered C-C bond of biphenylenes provides axially chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with excellent yields and circularly polarized luminescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_37.txt,sbert,2020_37.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_11.png,C,"On the cover: The image depicts “Auto-Pack” (Autophagosome-Packman, in yellow) engulfing
misfolded proteins (in red) from the labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through
a process known as ER-phagy (autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum). To learn more
about how ER-phagy is activated in response to protein misfolding, see De Leonibus et al. Image credit: Gennaro Di Bonito, Marianna Maddaluno, and Chiara De Leonibus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_9.txt,allv2,59_9.txt,"On the cover: The endo-lysosomal network is an evolutionarily conserved system comprising
highly dynamic tubulovesicular organelles essential for cellular homeostasis. The
endosomal trafficking complex, retromer, is gaining interest for its role in transmembrane
recycling and retrograde trafficking of select cargo away from the degradative pathway.
One such cargo is the desmosomal cadherin, Desmoglein-1. Displayed is a whole-mount
image of a 3D epidermal organotypic raft culture following phalloidin staining (z-depth
pseudocoloring: outer (cyan) to lower (brown) layers of the tissue) to illustrate
the complex multi-layering of the epidermis, which requires Desmoglein-1 and the retromer.
To learn more about the desmosomal cadherin, Desmoglein-1, and an endosomal trafficking
complex called the retromer and their importance in epidermal regeneration, see Hegazy
et al., pp. 2683–2698. Image credit: Marihan Hegazy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_1.txt,sbert,57_1.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a helical structure of dynamin in a post-GTP hydrolysis,
super-constricted state. This state represents a final step in dynamin-mediated fission
during endocytosis. Wrapped around a lipid tube, the assembled dynamin (dimers are
in rainbow colors) generates an inner lumen of 3.4 nm, priming the membrane for spontaneous
fission upon disassembly of the stabilizing protein coat. To learn more about how
our understanding of dynamin structure can affect membrane fission, see Jimah et al. Image credit: Jenny E. Hinshaw, John R. Jimah, and Nidhi Kundu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_11.txt,groundtruth,59_11.txt,"On the cover: Live-cell analysis of a human cell undergoing cytokinesis. The plasma
membrane is labeled by a lipid-modified marker protein (MyrPalm-AcGFP in light blue),
and chromosomes are labeled by histone 2B-mCherry (red). Cleavage furrow ingression
separates the cytoplasm of nascent daughter cells and partitions sister genomes. In
this issue, Su et al. examine how the RhoGEF Ect2 is targeted to the membrane to direct
the formation of the cleavage furrow at the cell equator. Membrane targeting of Ect2
is regulated by the mitotic spindle and controlled by cell-cycle kinases. For more
information, see Su et al., pp. 1104–1115.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_1.txt,multiBv1,21_1.txt,val
Nature Water,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_5.png,C,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Isotope monitoring of river flow dynamics
River flow dynamics, encompassing all interactions and processes that regulate water movements within river systems, are influenced by various factors such as precipitation and land use. Understanding these dynamics is essential for water resource management within ongoing hydroclimate and land-use changes. By analysing stable isotopes in water molecules from rivers globally, Vystavna and colleagues identify the young water fraction (<2−3months) and introduce an indicator of dynamic water retention that shows river flow dynamics are influenced by land use and hydroclimate characteristics. The cover shows the Schlögener Schlinge in the upper Danube valley in Austria, where the Danube almost forms a circle. In large river catchments like the Danube, contributing tributaries exhibit varied catchment and climate characteristics, leading to contrasting trends in young water fraction and dynamic water retention.
See Vystavna et al.
Image: Walter Geiersperger/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,val
Cell Genomics,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_1.png,D,"On the cover: As we age—particularly with Alzheimer’s—various processes centered on
our DNA become gradually “broken.” Collectively, these changes, reviewed by Gouveia Roque et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics, act as drivers of disease progression and cognitive decline. The cover highlights
this relationship, drawing inspiration from the genetic mosaicism now known to characterize
the Alzheimer’s brain. Image credit: Cláudio Gouveia Roque.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Orozco et al. explore a systems-biology approach that uncovers novel disease mechanisms
in age-related macular degeneration. The cover depicts an artist’s representation
of a fundus image of a human retina with age-related macular degeneration, using a
combination of pastels and digital techniques. The yellow-orange color represents
a geographic atrophy lesion. Image created by Allison K. Bruce.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_7.txt,multiBv1,3_7.txt,"On the cover: Human cortical neuron types can be identified by their distinct RNA-seq,
open chromatin, or cytosine DNA methylome profiles. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Luo et al. describe the development of a new single-nucleus molecular profiling
method called snmCAT-seq that combines these three individual modalities. This multi-omics
method, which simultaneously measures DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and
RNA transcripts present in a single nucleus, was applied to survey human brain cortical
neuron diversity. The cover image depicts how a diverse trio of investigators, representing
the trio of molecular modalities measured by snmCAT, “seq” to understand the innerworkings
of the human brain. Cover art by Scot Nicholls and Amy Cao (Salk Institute).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_10.txt,sbert,2_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huguet et al. present an article focused on the interpretation of the effect size of CNVs on cognitive
ability across different gene sets related to brain and non-brain functions. The cover
image represents this article. The human genomic sequence is depicted in the background,
with blue and red parentheses indicating genomic duplications and deletions, respectively.
Circles of corresponding colors show which organ-associated gene sets affect cognitive
ability when duplicated or deleted. Therefore, the scale depicts the resulting changes
of cognitive ability for a given individual, with the left part showing a decreased
cognitive ability. Artist credit: Guillaume Huguet and Thomas Renne, authors on this
article, jointly produced the conceptual design of this cover, with Guillaume Huguet
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_9.png,A,"Two in one with three terminals
A three-terminal gallium nitride (GaN)-based p‒n diode can operate as a light emitter or a detector. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover highlights the structure of the three-terminal diode, which functions as a tunable light-emitting diode with a built-in bias tee circuit and a detector with a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic function.
See Memon et al.
Image: Haiding Sun & Muhammad Hunain Memon, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"Fluoride interfaces give perovskites the green light
Using mixed-dimensional perovskites that are deposited on a polymeric hole-transport layer coated with a thin layer of lithium fluoride, green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be created with external quantum efficiencies of up to 19.1%. The illustration on the cover highlights the crystal structure of the perovskite LEDs.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Baodan Zhao, Dawei Di, Richard H. Friend. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"An ideal platform
A device platform that uses transferred contacts made from a hexagonal boron nitride layer with embedded metal can create two-dimensional transistors with near-ideal device characteristics. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a field-effect transistor made from bilayer tungsten diselenide built using the platform.
See Jung et al. and News & Views by Park
Image: Min Sup Choi, Columbia University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_8.txt,allv2,2_8.txt,"Artificial neural networks in 2D
Multilayers of the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be employed as the resistive switching material in high-density memristive crossbar arrays, creating devices that can be used to model an artificial neural network for image recognition. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a 10 × 10 memristor crossbar array, which has a vertical metal/h-BN/metal structure.
See Chen et al.
Image: Mario Lanza, Soochow University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_5.png,B,"‘Evolutionary paths’, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_1.txt,ave_3,23_1.txt,"‘Targeting genes for treatment’, inspired by the Review on p553.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,"'Tailored genes' by Jennie Vallis, inspired by the Review on p36.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/17_12.txt,ave_2,17_12.txt,"‘Gene therapies’, inspired by the Perspective on p252.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_9.txt,allv2,24_9.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_6.png,D,"On the cover: Commensal microbes play a critical role in animal and plant health,
contributing to nutrient acquisition, immune homeostasis, and physiological functions.
Alterations in these host-associated microbial communities have been linked to various
disease states, but the microbiota also has the capacity to ameliorate disease, suggesting
potential therapeutic strategies. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe is focused on the host-microbiota balance. The issue features a series of Reviews,
Perspectives, and Articles that examine how the host-microbiota balance is established
and linked to host physiology, how it maintains host health and function, and how
the disturbance of this delicate balance can cause disease. See the Table of Contents
(pp. v, vii, and ix) and the Editorial (p. 537) for details. This concept is also
captured visually on the cover in which the linear array of multicolored circles highlight
various commensal communities and the balance that must be achieved within an individual
to maintain health and well-being. Cover art from iStockphoto.com/lovelens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,allv2,32_9.txt,"On the cover: USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) lineage is a highly successful human pathogen, which causes skin and soft
tissue infections (SSTIs). CA-MRSA's success is highly associated with carriage of
the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Thurlow et al. (pp. 100–107) show that
the ACME-encoded arginine-deiminase system (Arc) allows USA300 to thrive in acidic
environments that mimic human skin. Consequently, ACME-Arc drives excessive production
of host polyamines, compounds uniquely toxic to S. aureus. ACME also encodes SpeG, a polyamine resistance enzyme that mitigates polyamine toxicity
and promotes SSTIs. The cover shows the stylized version of an immunohistologically
stained skin abscess from a murine USA300 CA-MRSA infection. DAPI-stained nuclei (olive
green) allow visualization of granulocyte infiltration (upper right) surrounded by
F480-positive macrophages (purple) and encapsulated within a fibrotic wall composed
primarily of collagen (teal) and fibronectin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/13_6.txt,sbert,13_6.txt,"On the cover: Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is the most abundant human skin microbiota, contributing to the skin homeostasis.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Yu et al. demonstrate genetic heterogeneity and functional diversity of C. acnes in normal skin, atopic dermatitis, and acne (represented by the dyeing clothes from
left to right). Sebaceous glands (represented by the plaids in the clothes) that are
expanded in acne while reduced in atopic dermatitis influence the composition and
function of C. acnes. Artwork by Qing Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_6.txt,groundtruth,32_6.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_10.png,C,This cover art describes an antibacterial hydrogel material covering wounds on the skin. The hydrogel hosts extracellular vesicles derived from mint leaves. These extracellular vesicles kill the bacteria in the wound site and promote wound healing. The cover art is made with Adobe Firefly.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"The cover art depicts 5 nm sized carbon dots for applications in improving the growth and enhancing the disease resistance of rice plants. Graphitized carbon dots with oxygen-containing groups enter the rice and lead to increasing the seed germination, root elongation, seedling length, enzyme (RuBisCO) activity, and carbohydrate generation. Furthermore, they can reach the nucleus, which loosens the DNA structure, increases the expression of disease-resistant proteins, and ultimately enhances the rice disease resistance ability. The outcome of these processes is an enhancement of the total plant yield.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_4.txt,sbert,2018_4.txt,"The image shows electrohydraulic discharge plasma disinfecting pathogens in a field of green cruciferous vegetables under a clear blue sky, symbolizing sustainable agriculture. Oxygen and nitrogen molecule icons around the plasma indicate RONS production, with a healthy sprouting cabbage seedling to signify seed growth promotion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The cover art depicts the “cytokine storm” associated with severe sepsis or other diseases that result in over-activation of the inflammatory response of the organism and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the bloodstream. The blood plasma perfuses a filter composed of biocompatible granulated graphene nanoplatelets. This kind of graphitic adsorbent offers open hydrophobic surface fully available for adsorption of proteins and can also be used in treatment of a broad range of conditions ranging from radiation disease and drug overdose to Ebola, Crohn's disease, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and other conditions related to excess of cytokines or toxic proteins in blood.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_5.txt,multiBv1,2018_5.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_5.png,C,"Binding of the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase to a DNA substrate at three distinct, adjacent sites can be observed by protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_12.txt,allv2,2017_12.txt,"Bi(III)-based compounds can allosterically target a SARS-CoV-2 nsp14/nsp10 complex to disrupt its MTase and ExoN activity, leading to inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells, which is attributable to the Bi compounds’ ability to displace zinc ions from the zinc-finger sites of the nsp14/nsp10 complex and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,By integrating DNA-functionalized Au nanoparticles in the isothermal DNA amplification of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Cutting the respiration wire. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxamides target QcrB and have nanomolar actvity against replicating and drug",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_7.txt,ave_2,2016_7.txt,train
Med,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_4.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Millen et al. (pp. 290–310) describe and characterize
a head and neck cancer organoid biobank. Using patient-derived models, they subsequently
study the effects of therapies that are combined in the clinic and validate genetic
biomarkers for treatment response. They explore whether these models can predict therapy
response of corresponding patients. The cover shows an abstract representation of
organoids derived from different patients (in different colors) that can be screened
for drug sensitivity to indicate which drug works best (the labels attached to the
Petri dishes). As such, organoid screens can generate patient-specific profiles or
“fingerprints.” Cover art: Else Driehuis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"On the cover: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in biomedical
research, showcasing its transformative potential in driving innovation within drug
development. In this issue of Med, Zhang et al. review the significant advancements in AI-assisted drug development, focusing on
small molecules, RNA, and antibodies. The review highlights the challenge in obtaining
approval for AI-conceived drugs and proposes leveraging large language models and
diffusion models as solutions. The cover image captures two AI robots analyzing AI-generated
drugs in a clinical environment, symbolizing AI's transformative impact on drug discovery,
development, and clinical trials.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the Cover: This year marks the 100th anniversary of insulin’s discovery. While
its manufacturing has revolutionized the care of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
long-term disease management and equitable access to diabetes care continue to present
significant challenges. In this issue, Ziegler et al. (pp. 1120–1137) discuss how
insulin’s discovery has improved the quality of care of children and adolescents,
while Teo and colleagues (pp. 1138–1162) map the path toward effective disease management,
reviewing exciting progress in the development of better insulin formulations and
delivery, as well as the potential for gene and cell replacement therapy to achieve
long-term independence from insulin administration. The cover image reminds us the
vital importance of insulin to the life of millions of patients worldwide. Cover credit:
Adisonpk/iStock/Getty Images Plus via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Drug safety in children can be affected by a number of dynamic variables
such as enzymatic activity and hormonal levels that change during child growth and
development. However, tools to predict adverse events in pediatric patients currently
do not take into account these dynamics. In this issue, Giangreco and Tatonetti (pp.
579–595) describe a pharmacovigilance signal-detection algorithm to identify dynamic
adverse events (such as metabolic and psychiatric disorders) and develop a database
and a web application that provide the first resource to identify and evaluate drug
safety signals across child-development stages. The cover symbolizes the data-driven
method of the authors to provide more clarity on drug safety in pediatric patients,
as parts of the image become better refined. Cover credit: adapted by Kip Lyall from
FG Trade/E+ via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,40_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_7.png,C,"Experimental genetic crosses generate recombinant progeny that can
be used to accurately link phenotype to genotype. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Vendrely et al. discuss the use of human-liver chimeric mice for the liver stage-to-blood
stage transition of recombinant Plasmodium falciparum progeny created by the crossing
of parental parasites in Anopheles mosquitoes. This system overcomes the obstacle to
performing malaria genetic crosses after chimpanzee research was banned in Europe
and the US. It allows for a pipeline to efficiently create novel crosses that will
help
understand the genetic basis of any measurable phenotype. Thus, classical genetic
linkage mapping can be used, alongside genome-wide association studies and other
genomic advances to probe malaria parasite genetics. This is of particular importance
in
the realm of the always-present threat of drug resistance and its spread. Image Credit:
Kimbra G. Turner, Kristina Davis and Richard S. Pinapati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/36_3.txt,ave_2,36_3.txt,"The cover illustrates drug action against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. After the parasite is injected into the human host (red central
area) through the bite of an infected mosquito (surrounding purple area), the parasite
goes through a maze of different developmental stages and host tissues. After exiting
the liver, parasites undergo cycles of growth in red blood cells and eventually develop
into gametocytes that can be transmitted to mosquitoes. Antimalarial drugs (yellow
chemical structure) can block the development of these stages of human infection.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Okombo et al. review the recent genomic and genetic advances in studying Plasmodium biology and antimalarial drug discovery. Yang et al. then give an overview of the achievements and future directions of the Malaria Drug
Accelerator (MalDA) consortium, a partnership of 15 leading academic and industrial
laboratories. Image credit: Hratch Arbach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_7.txt,ave_3,37_7.txt,"Transgenesis emerges as a promising approach for combating malaria
by targeting the parasite in the mosquito vectors. Through genome editing tools,
researchers have managed to generate genetically engineered mosquitoes that exhibit
significant resistance to the malaria parasites. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Kefi
et al. review the current literature of the available transgenic methodologies to generate
Plasmodium-refractory Anopheles vectors and discuss both advances and challenges
to be overcome for their practical application. The cover image shows a transgenic
mosquito expressing the GFP reporter gene (green color) under the 3XP3 promoter that
drives the transgene expression in the optic nerves and the eyes. Image credit: Yuemei
Dong (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_7.txt,groundtruth,40_7.txt,"Genetic engineering of mosquitoes is emerging as a promising
technology for preventing the spread of malaria by either suppressing mosquito
populations with self-destructing mosquitoes or replacing mosquito populations with
disease-refractory populations. Genome editing can be used to remove parasite hostfactor
genes, over-express parasite antagonist genes, distort sex ratios, as well as
spread mutations and genes in mosquito populations through gene-drives. In this issue
of Trends in Parasitology, Dong et al. review the development of mosquito transgenesis
and its application for malaria control. Cover credit: George Dimopoulos, Yuemei Dong,
Shengzhang Dong.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_12.txt,allv2,38_12.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_781,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_781.png,C,"ONLINE COVER A Protective Variant. The image shows amyloid β plaques (red) associated with microglia (green) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) expressing wild-type APOE3. A genetic variant of the APOE gene called APOE3-Jac has been shown to reduce AD risk. Here, Liu et al. showed that the protective effect was due to reduced APOE aggregation and to increased expression of several lipids important for synaptic functioning. In a mouse model of AD, expression of APOE3-Jac reduced Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) self-aggregation and ameliorated amyloid pathology, suggesting that targeting APOE aggregation might be beneficial in patients with AD. Credit: Liu et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_613.txt,sbert,13_613.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Alzheimer's Disease in Plain Sight. The image is a color projection of a transgenic mouse brain rendered transparent and imaged with light sheet fluorescence microscopy. The transgenic mouse is a model of Alzheimer's disease, and the pathological hallmark of this disorder, amyloid plaques, are labeled in yellow (the cerebral vasculature is labeled in blue). Using several different Alzheimer's disease mouse models, including this transgenic mouse, Huang et al.  have identified a new druggable target, G protein–coupled receptor 3, that when decreased results in reduced amyloid pathology. [CREDIT: J. COLOMBELLI/IRB BARCELONA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/7_309.txt,ave_2,7_309.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Noble Pursuit. The cover image shows brain microglia (green) in an intermediate activation state engaging with amyloid plaques (white) in brain tissue from a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglia were induced to transition to an intermediate activation state by exposing mice with AD pathology to the anesthetic xenon (Brandao et al.). Xenon, a noble gas, crossed the blood-brain barrier of the mice and promoted microglial activation through interferon-γ signaling. Inhalation of xenon enhanced amyloid plaque compaction in the mouse brain, reduced the number of dystrophic neurites, reduced brain atrophy, and slowed neurodegeneration in three different mouse models of AD. Xenon shows promise as a potential therapeutic for treating AD. Credit: Brandao et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_781.txt,groundtruth,17_781.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Bubbles, Beams, and Microglial Activation. Transient opening of the blood-brain barrier results in activation of microglial cells (yellow), which then start engulfing amyloid plaques (gray) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (Leinenga and Götz). Transient opening of the tight junctions of endothelial cells (red) that comprise the blood-brain barrier was induced by injected microbubbles and an ultrasound beam. [CREDIT: CONCEPT NICK VALMAS, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND/ILLUSTRATION BY V. ALTOUNIAN/SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/7_278.txt,allv2,7_278.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.png,C,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: K. Viacava et al., “Low-Temperature Reactive Aerosol Processing for Large-Scale Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03213); S. Mishra et al., “Microwave Catalytic Degradation of Antibiotic Molecules by 2D Sheets of Spinel Nickel Ferrite” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02352); and J. Carneiro et al., “Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Metal-Based Cathode Electrocatalysts of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02773).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_16.txt,allv2,2020_16.txt,Capture and transformation of CO2 into value-added chemicals significantly reduce CO2 emissions released in the atmosphere.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_23.txt,multiBv1,2022_23.txt,"There have been many recent advancements in regulating microenvironments to enhance CO2 conversion, focusing on copper-based catalysts, featuring strategies like single-atom catalyst design, particle size/facets/morphology control, confinement effects, and interfacial engineering to optimize active site density, control reactant/intermediate concentrations, and promote charge transfer processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"A simple synthetic strategy is presented for the preparation of CeO2 by the calcination of Ce-BTC-MOF, which displayed a nanosheet morphology with small CeO2 nanoparticles. The catalysts exhibited excellent activity in the manufacturing of urethanes, cyclic urea, and carbamate by the reaction of CO2 and amino alcohols, diamine, and a primary amine, respectively. The more significant number of the surface oxygen vacancies generated from the {110} and {111} facets and basic sites of the catalyst activated CO2, whereas the weak Lewis acidic sites present in the catalyst aided in the adsorption of amines over the surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_18.txt,sbert,2021_18.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_8.png,C,"Age-related smooth muscle clonality in atherosclerosis
In this issue, Kabir and colleagues report that aged bone marrow promotes polyclonal expansion of smooth muscle cells and exacerbates disease in the atherosclerotic plaque. The cover image illustrates that a transplantation of aged bone marrow to young atheroprone mice leads to the accumulation of multicolor, fluorescently labeled smooth muscle cells from several lineages in the plaque.
See Kabir et al.
Cover image: Inamul Kabir and Daniel Greif, Yale University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_12.txt,sbert,3_12.txt,"Endothelial zonation in the aging liver
In this issue, Duan and colleagues explore how aging reshapes liver endothelial cells to cause steatohepatitis. They report that liver endothelial-cell senescence leads to steatosis by reprogramming liver endothelial zonation and disruption of C-kit in liver endothelial cells, promoting inflammation, fibrosis and lipid accumulation in the aging liver. The therapeutic potential of C-kit infusion is demonstrated to counter aging-induced liver senescence and steatohepatitis in mice. Our issue cover shows a liver running down as sand in an hourglass, evoking the detrimental effects of aging on liver structural and functional integrity.
See Duan et al.
Image: Lauren Heslop/Springer Nature, cover concept: Hao Xu. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_10.txt,ave_2,3_10.txt,"The aging lipidome
In this issue, two studies comprehensively describe the lipidome during aging in mice. Janssens et al. report that bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) accumulates during mouse aging, and that this lipid also accumulates in muscle in older humans and reduces upon a short bout of exercise. Tsugawa et al. profile the lipidome in 13 tissues and 4 ages of mice, taking into account sex and microbiome dependencies. Among many findings, they report that polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing BMP increases in various organs during aging. The cover shows a pocket watch being pushed by two older people. The numbers on the face of the clock are BMP molecules, which become larger in size to reflect their increased abundance with age. Pushing the clock denotes that BMP levels can be modified by exercise.
See Janssens et al. & Tsugawa et al.
Image: Joana C. Carvalho. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_8.txt,groundtruth,4_8.txt,"FOXM1 induction delays aging
In this issue, Ribeiro et al. demonstrate that in vivo cyclic induction of a truncated version of the transcription factor FOXM1 extends lifespan and improves aging-related phenotypes of progeroid and physiologically aged mice. The issue cover illustrates the cyclic boost of FOXM1 levels and the rejuvenated appearance of an aged mouse.
See Ribeiro et. al
Cover Image: Based on a concept from Elsa Logarinho. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_8.txt,allv2,2_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_8.png,C,"One of the most advanced and challenging topics in modern reticular chemistry is structure multivariation. The image shows building blocks assembling in an ordered material with aperiodic composition, forming countless local sequences. Restricting the variety of sequences by precise synthetic control affords crystals with distinct local structures and highly specific emergent properties. See Stefano Canossa et al.
Image: Stefano Canossa and Andrea Boari. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_8.txt,sbert,8_8.txt,"Solution-processed networks of 2D materials are promising for applications in printed electronics, but more research is needed to understand how they are electrically limited by the junctions between nanosheets and their macroscopic electrical properties. The cover image is an artistic illustration showing electrons flowing from a gold electrode across a nanosheet network. See Adam Kelly et al.
Image: Adam Kelly and Katarzyna Stachura. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_10.txt,multiBv1,7_10.txt,"Memristors are two-terminal devices that display memory in the form of electrical resistance. Solution-processed memristors are arising as an attractive technology enabled by the versatility of solution-processed materials, but conscious analysis and demonstration of their performance and reliability are required to enable practical applications. The cover art depicts the opportunity presented by solution-processed methods to synthesize different materials (metal oxides, 2D materials, polymers) to build memristors for potential use in cryptography, data storage and artificial intelligence. See Pazos S et al.
Cover: David Johnston. The 2D material model is adapted from is adapted from Chen C. et al, Cancer Nanotechnology 13,29 (2022), CC BY 4.0",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_8.txt,groundtruth,9_8.txt,"Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are leading candidates for non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing devices. This Review focuses on the crystallization mechanisms of PCMs as well as the design principles to achieve PCMs with high switching speeds and good data retention. See Zhang et al.
Image: Ider Ronneberger, Cover design: Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_10.txt,allv2,4_10.txt,train
Nature Climate Change,14_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_2.png,D,"Focusing on human health
The human cost of climate change is already visible as adverse impacts on diverse aspects of human health. In this issue, and in an online focus, we include primary research, as well as interview, feature and opinion pieces, that highlight the effects of climate change on human morbidity and mortality, and urge for rapid action.
See Editorial and Online collection
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_8.txt,multiBv1,14_8.txt,"Peat fire emissions and degradation
Northern peatlands are carbon-dense ecosystems, yet the future of their carbon stocks is uncertain. In this issue, Wilkinson et al. used data from natural, degraded and restored peatlands in boreal and temperate regions to show that wildfire reduced peatland carbon uptake and enhanced emissions from degraded peatlands. Without active peatland restoration, climate change will accelerate peatland emissions and weaken the resilience of this carbon sink.
See Wilkinson et al.
Image: Maydays/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"Boreal–Arctic wetland methane emissions
Boreal–Arctic wetlands are vulnerable to climate change. Writing in this issue, Yuan and colleagues analysed two decades (2002–2021) of methane emissions from this region and show a robust increasing trend, with strong inter-annual variation. This analysis used eddy covariance and chamber observations, and highlights substantial impacts of warming and vegetation activity.
See Yuan et al. and News & Views by Christensen
Image: Jeremy Snyder, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_10.txt,sbert,14_10.txt,"Human causes and costs of wildfire
The impacts of climate change on wildfire occurrence and intensity have received increasing attention. Lampe and colleagues show that while other human impacts led to burnt area reduction over time, these actions have masked the contribution of climate change in increasing global burned area and increasing probability of months with high burning. Park and colleagues combine fire–vegetation models with a chemical transport model and health risk assessment framework to show that human mortality from fire fine particulate matter is increasingly attributable to climate change.
See Burton et al., Park et al. and Research Briefing Lampe
Image: Patrick Orton / Cavan / Getty. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_2.txt,groundtruth,14_2.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_7.png,B,"Research in brain aging has historically focused on advanced age, when
the effects of time on cognitive health and physical functioning are most manifest.
However, an increasing number of studies are finding that changes during middle
age are prognostic of future cognitive health. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences,
Dohm-Hansen and colleagues review emerging evidence indicating that middle age is
a period defined by unique processes both within and outside the brain that influence
cognitive aging trajectories. Many of these processes, ranging from genetic expression
to memory for everyday events, display non-linear relationships with chronological
age.
This opens for the possibility of identifying aging processes that are especially
relevant
during middle age and could have bearing on health trajectories in later life. Photo
credits: Ivcandy/Getty Images and Macauley Smith Breault/SciDraw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_9.txt,ave_2,47_9.txt,"Observational studies have shown that higher physical activity levels
are associated with preserved cognition as well as improved brain structural and
functional outcomes in aging individuals. Whether physical exercise in older adulthood
can causally confer benefits to cognition and promote brain health remains an
important topic of research. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva, Cindy Barha, Kirk Erickson, Arthur Kramer, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
review the current evidence regarding the impact of physical exercise on cognition
and brain health outcomes in aging individuals with and without cognitive impairment.
The authors discuss underexplored neurobiological mechanisms, current knowledge
gaps, and future directions for the field. The cover image illustrates common types
of
exercise – resistance and aerobic training – known to drive neuroplastic adaptations
in the brain of aging individuals. Photo credits: J Studios/Getty Images, Pramote
Polyamate/Getty Images, and A-Digit/Getty Images. Cover design by Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva and Teresa Liu-Ambrose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_7.txt,groundtruth,47_7.txt,"There is accumulating evidence that aerobic exercise exerts a positive impact on the
brain, leading to increased levels of neurogenesis and neuroprotection, and decreased
risk of age-related cognitive decline. These effects seem to be especially profound
in carriers of the ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein (APOE) gene, a genotype known to
confer increased risk of coronary artery disease and Alzheimer’s disease. On pages
247–255 of this issue, Raichlen and Alexander review the evolutionary links between
physical activity, APOE genotype, brain aging and human longevity. They argue that
converging lines of evidence from neuroscience and anthropology suggest that increases
in physical activity around two million years ago reduced the amyloid plaque and vascular
burden in APOE ɛ4 carriers, thus relaxing a key genetic constraint on aging.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/37_8.txt,allv2,37_8.txt,"Some individuals retain cognitive function despite high levels of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. Understanding the biology behind this form of
‘AD resilience’ may lead to opportunities for therapeutic development. In this issue
of Trends in Neurosciences, Sarah Neuner, Maria Telpoukhovskaia, Vilas Menon,
Kristen O’Connell, Timothy Hohman, and Catherine Kaczorowski discuss factors
associated with cognitive resilience to AD pathology in the human population and the
utility of genetically and phenotypically diverse mouse models to discover new and
translationally-relevant resilience mechanisms. The cover illustrates the idea of
how
in cognitively resilient individuals, neuronal activity – in bright color – persists
despite
pathology that may shut down – gray out – this activity in AD. Cover art by Karen
Davis
(The Jackson Laboratory) and Getty Images/ChrisGorgio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_8.txt,ave_3,45_8.txt,test
BDJ In Practice,37_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_12.png,D,"Volume 37 | Issue 2 | February
In this issue we ask three industry experts about the art of leadership in dentistry. Check out our cover feature to see what they say!
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_11.txt,allv2,37_11.txt,"In this issue...
Is there anything we can learn from dentistry post-COVID? Will we learn anything? We discuss whether dentistry will take successes forward into the future
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/34_9.txt,ave_2,34_9.txt,"In this issue...
In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_3,36_1.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 1 | January
In this issue we forecast developments in four areas of dentistry, take a closer look at how a life coach is relevant to dentistry and delve into the detail of England's Long Term Workforce Plan
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_12.txt,groundtruth,37_12.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_3.png,B,Sustainable photobactericidal nanofillers were rationally engineered from aminated hairy nanocrystalline cellulose functionalized with natural photoactive rose-bengal through a bioconjugation reaction. Electrospun fibers and casting films with the incorporation of these nanofillers could be applied as active packaging materials for eliminating foodborne bacteria.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2021_21.txt,ave_2,2021_21.txt,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,Self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) synthesized from rice straw yields transparent films with distinct structural colors. Amine modification of CNCs significantly improves the electron mobility and current–voltage characteristics. The transreflective property and photoresponsivity of,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Carboxymethyl chitosan is co-dissolved with cellulose to fabricate highly transparent and robust composite films. Here, due to physical cross-linking and hydrogen bonding between uniformly dispersed CMCS and cellulose molecules, CSCs exhibit better thermal stability, high transparency, excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), and a good barrier and antibacterial properties for potential fresh fruit packaging.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2023_37.txt,ave_3,2023_37.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_7.png,C,"In a microtubule, electronic energy can migrate over distances that the conventional Förster theory cannot sufficiently explain. Anesthetics etomidate and isoflurane decrease energy migration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_12.png,C,"Celebrating 20 years of cell biology
Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/21_12.txt,allv2,21_12.txt,A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_1.txt,ave_2,11_1.txt,"Celebrating 25 years of cell biology
Celebrating 25 years of cell biology.
See Focus
Image: CHRISTOPH BURGSTEDT/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_12.txt,groundtruth,26_12.txt,"As the pace of stem cell research continues to accelerate, we highlight this exciting field with a Focus on Stem Cells, featuring three reviews and one perpective that evaluate current topics.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/13_8.txt,ave_3,13_8.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.png,A,"On the cover: Chen et al. identified a small molecule, C646, that directly targets the nuclear export factor,
Exportin-1 (XPO1), and induces its degradation. Furthermore, the chromatin localization
of histone methyltransferase p300 is also abrogated, explaining why C646 previously
showed phenotypes expected of p300 inhibition. Covalently targeting XPO1 represents
a unique approach to disrupting the chromatin localization of numerous factors (multi-colored
complex on top right), including XPO1 and p300. Image credit: Ella Maru Studios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"On the cover: Kotagiri et al. identified a potent and highly selective PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera),
YD23, that degrades SMARCA2 (dark green) in the SWI/SNF complex through proteosomes.
SMARCA2 degradation inactivates the SWI/SNF complex in the nucleus leading to reduced
chromatin accessibility at enhancers of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and
inhibits the growth of SMARCA4-mutant cancer cells. Image credit: Sasi Kotagiri, Nicholas
Blazanin, and Yonathan Lissanu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.txt,ave_1,31_1.txt,"On the cover: CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease is a powerful genome editing tool. Neggers
et al. (pp. 107–116) show how to use CRISPR/Cas9 for drug-target validation by applying
it to bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors of the CRM1/XPO1 mediated nuclear export.
The cover shows an artistic presentation of the CRM1/XPO1 protein (open donut shape),
with a mutation introduced in the XPO1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 (in darker blue) genome
editing. Mutant T-ALL cells (shown) are resistant to the inhibitors as illustrated
by the cytoplasmic stain of cargo proteins (in green) upon treatment with the inhibitors.
Inability of the drugs to bind to the mutated XPO1 protein from these cells (shown
by the pull-down western blot) further validates CRM1/XPO1 as the prime target for
these inhibitors in the living cell. Cover art created by Dr. Anje Claeys (www.bioart.eu).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/22_12.txt,allv2,22_12.txt,"On the cover: The deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) USP7 plays a pivotal role in multiple
oncogenic pathways and is therefore a desirable target for new anti-cancer therapies.
However, the lack of structural information about USP7-inhibitor interactions has
hindered the development of potent inhibitors. Pozhidaeva et al. (pp. 1501–1512) uncover
the mechanism of action of two USP7 inhibitors and show that they covalently and irreversibly
modify the catalytic site of the enzyme. The cover image is representative of a peek
into the active site of a DUB and shows a surface representation of USP7 (white) in
complex with the DUB inhibitor P22077 (space-filling model representation).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/24_1.txt,multiBv1,24_1.txt,train
Molecular Plant,18_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_3.png,B,"On The Cover A cell wall-localized NLR recognizes Soybean mosaic virus and induces cell death. Soybean mosaic virus infection leads to the accumulation of viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion protein
(CI) in the primary-infected leaf tissue. Cell wall-localized CC-NBS-LRR type NLR
protein Rsc4-3 recognizes CI in the apoplast, induces cell death in the infected and
adjacent cells, and inhibits viral infection in plants. The interaction between Rsc4-3
and Soybean mosaic virus demonstrates an emerging role of apoplast in NLR-triggered plant immune responses.
Image by: Jinlong Yin and Yapei Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_2.txt,ave_3,14_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_3.txt,groundtruth,18_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_1.txt,allv2,18_1.txt,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in
transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with
the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In
this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol
IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted
degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,
via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The
cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological
figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs
of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol
IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying
dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating
UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,ave_2,13_8.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_6.png,A,"Vivid illustrations of phase phenomena can be achieved in the classroom or laboratory using simple mixtures of liquids. In this issue, J. Charles Williamson presents three papers on liquid–liquid demonstrations that reveal different facets of phase transitions and equilibria. ""Phase Equilibria and the Lever Rule"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01517) details preparation of an immiscible hexaphasic liquid mixture (shown on the cover separating after agitation) and discusses the visual verification of the lever rule using a system of partially miscible isobutyric acid and water (IAW) plus dye. ""Critical Opalescence"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01518) describes how a single-phase IAW sample changes from colorless to pale blue to turbid white as it cools down toward the critical temperature, demonstrating a universal critical behavior. Finally, ""Spinodal Decomposition"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01519) explains how slow cooling of that same IAW sample into the two-phase region initiates a rarely observed phase separation process: thermodynamic instability over the entire liquid sample results in transient structural order that can be observed in real time with a laser diffraction technique.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_6.txt,groundtruth,2021_6.txt,"Imploding Soda Cans. In his article, Jack F. Eichler describes a guided-inquiry exercise conducted in the lecture and laboratory components of a college introductory chemistry course for non-science majors. Students independently determine the relationship between the temperature of water in an aluminum soda can and the intensity of implosion upon placing the can in ice water. Collaborative groups create hypotheses, design the corresponding experiments, and complete the laboratory data collection. This exercise integrates activities in the lecture and laboratory, fosters student interest in chemistry, and immerses the students in the process of scientific inquiry. A QuickTime movie of the imploding can shown on the cover is available.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/1986_9.txt,ave_2,1986_9.txt,"Acrylic Tanks for Stunning Chemical Demonstrations. To make chemical demonstrations of aqueous solution experiments visible to a large audience, acrylic tanks can be used, as described in the article by Mirholm and Ellervik. In the image on the cover, one such tank is used to visualize changes in pH upon addition of dry ice to a tank filled with Yamada’s universal indicator (i.e., a mix of thymol blue, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein). The dry ice is added in the middle of the tank and the evolution of carbon dioxide produces currents in the solution and a pH gradient forms, generating the different colors of the indicator.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/1985_4.txt,ave_3,1985_4.txt,"ed4005408), Christopher R. Shugrue, Hans H.  Mentzen II, and Brian R. Linton describe a discovery chemistry laboratory for  introductory organic chemistry students to investigate the concepts of  polarity, miscibility, solubility, and density. The simple procedure takes  advantage of the solubility of two colored dyes in a series of solvents or solvent mixtures, and the diffusion of colors can be readily seen, as shown on the cover. The top images were photographed after the addition of a dye mixture of methylene blue and disperse red 1 to seven test tubes; the bottom images  show the same test tubes a few minutes after gentle swirling. The seven test tubes contain, from left to right: water; ethanol; ethyl acetate; water/ethyl  acetate; water/dichloromethane; water/ethanol; ethanol/ethyl acetate. The visually striking results help promote an understanding of the relevant  concepts, as well as providing a memorable foundation to draw upon in future  experiments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2015_12.txt,allv2,2015_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_12.png,D,"The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al.
Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.txt,sbert,6_6.txt,"The cover of this issue shows scanning tunnelling maps of iron atom chains, displaying localised Majorana zero modes (double eyes) at the ends of the chains. See Jäck et al.
Image: Berthold Jäck, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the complex internal structure of the proton. See Xiangdong Ji et al.
Image: Courtesy of Brookhaven National Laboratory. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_12.txt,multiBv1,3_12.txt,"The cover of this issue shows an artistic representation of the equations of state of the periodic table elements, calculated using two all-electron codes in each of the 10 crystal structure configurations shown on the table. See Bosoni et al.
Image: Giovanni Pizzi, EPFL, Switzerland. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.png,D,This study highlights a significant role of urban grime in the daytime NO2-to-HONO conversion in the atmosphere through heterogeneous reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_5.txt,multiBv1,2022_5.txt,"Phase state of palmitic acid at the aerosol interface is driven by atmospheric conditions such as temperature and NaCl concentration. Using equilibrium spreading pressure values to calculate the thermodynamics of spreading from a 3D to 2D phase state, we found 100 mM NaCl conditions favor 2D monolayer spreading.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,Density functional theory calculations are used to probe the possibility of the formation of benzene from acetylene precursors on the surface of olivine dust particles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_2.png,A,Molecular dynamics simulations of crazes in glassy polymers under cyclic loading reveal the quasi-stress-free motion of craze fibril folding during unloading. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The image schematically shows typical chain configurations for four general classes of polymeric glass-forming materials categorized on the basis of the relative rigidities of the backbone and side chains and an example of the stringlike clusters of polymer segments undergoing cooperative exchange motion over the lifetime over which these clusters persist in a simulated glass-forming polymer melt. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_18.txt,allv2,2021_18.txt,"In analogy to temperature, variations of the hydrostatic pressure can trigger the swollen-to-collapsed phase transition in polymer brushes, as evidenced and explained by the combination of experimental methods and numerical simulations.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2023_22.txt,sbert,2023_22.txt,"An important step toward manipulating the transport, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties in associating polymers is to know the lifetime of polar or ionic aggregates within the nonpolar polymer matrix.  In this paper, we combine quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the melt dynamics (picosecond to nanosecond) of precise acrylic acid-containing polyethylenes.  The agreement between experiment and simulation is excellent.  Analysis of the simulations shows that the acid aggregates exchange acid groups within ~1 ns when the spacer length between pendent acid groups is 9, 15, or 21 carbons.  This study provides validation of simulation force fields and advances the understanding of heterogeneous chain dynamics in associating polymers. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2016_2.txt,ave_2,2016_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.png,C,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea that gravitational wave detectors have opened a new window onto the Universe. See Bailes et al.
Image: LIGO/Caltech/MIT/Sonoma State (Aurore Simonnet). Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_8.txt,multiBv1,3_8.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the physics and sustainability theme launching this month. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/5_10.txt,ave_2,5_10.txt,"The cover of this issue is a celebration of 100 years since Ernst Ising solved the 1D version of the Ising model. See our In Retrospect.
Image: Susanne Harris, Springer Nature Limited. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_4.txt,groundtruth,6_4.txt,"The cover of this issue refers to the new collection `Physics as a Human Endeavour’. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.txt,allv2,6_8.txt,val
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_10.png,D,"Chemical topology has emerged as an intriguing feature in protein engineering. Nature
demonstrates the elegance and power of protein topology engineering in the unique
biofunctions and exceptional stabilities of cyclotides and lasso peptides. With entangling
protein motifs and genetically encoded peptide–protein chemistry, artificial proteins
with complex topologies, including cyclic protein, star proteins, and protein catenanes,
have become accessible. In their review in this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, Wang and Zhang summarize recent progress in the field of protein topology engineering
as well as the challenges and opportunities that it holds. Photo Source: iStockphoto",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/43_3.txt,ave_1,43_3.txt,"Breakthroughs in protein structure prediction, combined with coevolution analysis,
have catalyzed progress in predicting protein–protein interactions. Computational
methods, powered by artificial intelligence and evolutionary information deciphered
from rich protein sequence data, are approaching the accuracy of experimental methods
in detecting and modeling interactions. On pages 527– 538 in this issue, Dr. Qian
Cong and colleagues summarize the recent progress, the grand challenges, and the potential
biomedical applications of protein–protein interaction studies. Cover image from Ian
Humphreys with minor assistance from Qian Cong. Towards in silico modeling of 3D protein
interactome.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/48_7.txt,multiBv1,48_7.txt,"This month marks the 40th anniversary of TiBS. To celebrate, we offer a special issue
that is focused on a rapidly-advancing area that spans the full scope of TiBS: macromolecular
complexes. The cover design compares the cell to a birthday party, with each of the
complexes acting as players in the scene. As the cover suggests, we include Reviews
on the nuclear pore complex, dynein, GroEL-GroES, the proteasome, and many more. Cover
design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_14.txt,allv2,41_14.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Biochemical Sciences, two articles explore
related ideas of proteins being in the ‘neighborhood’ of their interaction partners
and
substrates. In their Review, Dr. Ciaran Seath and colleagues describe how proximity
labeling approaches can be used to explore protein-RNA and protein-ligand interactions,
as well as subcellular protein trafficking, and in their Opinion, Dr. Hyun-Woo Rhee
and co-authors describe spray-type post-translational modifications, a concept that
resembles proximity labeling methods. Cover image from GettyImages/soberve.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_10.txt,groundtruth,49_10.txt,train
innovation,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_5.png,B,"On the cover: Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists
and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now
we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via
multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"On the cover: Over the past three decades of exploration, Helicobacter pylori has
emerged as the most significant bacterium in the understanding of gastric diseases:
In 1984, the connection between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis, as well as gastric
ulcers, was first confirmed in humans. In 1994, the World Health Organization classified
Helicobacter pylori as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer. And in 2005, Dr. Barry
Marshall and Dr. Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
for their pioneering research in the field of Helicobacter pylori. Currently, Professor
Shen Lin's team at Peking University Cancer Hospital, through a combination of large-scale
clinical analysis and advanced omics technologies, has revealed the significant impact
of Helicobacter pylori on the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors.
This research opens up new directions for both clinical and basic studies of Helicobacter
pylori.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"On the cover: Medicine is the practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
of disease. With the advances in medical science, human beings have both longer life
spans and a higher quality of life. From herbs to molecular signatures, humankind
is experiencing a transition from traditional medicine to personalized medicine: the
right treatment to the right patient at the right time. However, the etiology of most
diseases and disorders is still unclear. From description to association, numerous
researchers are working together to decipher the mechanisms behind disease. To address
such challenges, more and more global collaborations are needed that include experts
from all disciplines—not just doctors, scientists, and administration staff but also
engineers, technicians, and marketing managers. Not limited to a fish-eye view, humans
should widen our vision to gain insight beyond the human community to assure sustainable
healthcare.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_4.txt,ave_2,3_4.txt,"On the cover: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular
disease with fatal outcomes. Pathophysiologically, ATAAD itself triggers an intensive
systemic inflammatory response, and cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodilution, hypothermia,
and transfusion during surgery further exacerbate inflammatory storm, potentially
leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Along with surgical evolutions, scientists
have made new discoveries and achievements in the underlying mechanism and understanding
of inflammation of ATAAD, which greatly encourage us to optimize treatment for ATAAD
patients. Over the aortic history, our team takes the lead in proposals and recommendations:
going beyond traditional surgery, anti-inflammatory action is crucially important
to target the residual cardiovascular risk by specific anti-inflammatory interventions
as a crucially adjunct therapeutic strategy to improve the well-being of patients.
The advent of artificial intelligence facilitates the risk predictions of mortality
and morbidity, which could help individualize anti-inflammatory management, highlighting
the need for precision treatment of ATAAD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_3.txt,sbert,4_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.png,B,"Antimicrobial delivery to biofilms, inspired by the Review on p555.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,"Alternatives for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, inspired by the Review on p262.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.txt,groundtruth,22_8.txt,"Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_3.txt,ave_3,22_3.txt,"Antibiotic impacts, inspired by the Reviews on p772 and p789.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,train
Structure,32_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_7.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image from our Voices author Helen Ginn shows a representation of the symbiosis between computing and structural biology.
Visualization of the nanoscale natural world was made possible only after the advent
of computers. The use of computers allows us to build, visualize, and interrogate
conceptual models of the otherwise unobservable. Structural biology shows us the questions
we need to learn how to answer. Structural biology is forever intertwined with the
computational development of algorithms to help answer these fundamental question.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_8.txt,allv2,32_8.txt,"On the cover: Most proteins consist of one or more domains, tightly folded segments
of the polypeptide chain that act as structural, functional, and evolutionary units.
Domains sometimes combine with each other or excise to produce new proteins, and this
process is nonrandom and highly conserved in evolution. Wang and Caetano-Anollés (pp.
66–78) reconstruct genome-based phylogenetic trees that define timelines of discovery
of domains and domain combinations and describe an explosive combinatorial game that
is vastly responsible for the complexity of the protein world. This “big bang” of
protein discovery occurred during early stages of diversified life and its explosive
appearance in the world is here illustrated as a cosmic event that features in the
foreground several domain combinations of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase
(MAGUK) family. (Cover artwork created by Derek Caetano-Anollés.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/17_12.txt,sbert,17_12.txt,"On the cover: In this piece, a flower garden provides a metaphor for the creation
and growth of designed protein assemblies. Meador et al. describe machine learning algorithms that greatly expand the ability to generate
new types of protein-based molecular cages, whose beauty and diversity are reminiscent
of natural flora. Image credit: Nika Gladkov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_7.txt,groundtruth,32_7.txt,"On the cover: ePMV, the embedded Python Molecular Viewer, runs molecular modeling
software directly inside of professional 3D animation applications (hosts). This system
allows users to generate professional quality visuals or perform computational experiments
with relative ease. It provides a flexible suite of hybrid tools to generate multiscale
scenes that are both scientifically accurate and artistic. To construct this image
of a molecular sculptor's workbench, ePMV representations of all new protein structures
reported in this issue were scaled up ten million times and placed as tangible models
onto a table and shelf using collision detection and gravity forces. The scene is
lit by a single sun lamp positioned outside of a virtual window and rendered with
a technology called global illumination that calculates object surface interreflection
to produce a photorealistic effect. An animated version and a “making of” this scene
can be viewed online at http://epmv.scripps.edu/videos/structure2010/. For more details,
see Johnson et al., pp. 293–303. Cover image created by Graham Johnson and Ludovic
Autin using ePMV running in the example host Cinema 4D. The editors and the cover
authors would like to thank all of the contributors from this issue who made their
structure coordinates available ahead of print.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,train
ACS Omega,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_4.png,C,The cover art represents the accurate delivery of penicillin-based sulfones into the periplasmic space via bacterial iron uptake pathways. The applied siderophore conjugation strategy allowed for the efficient inhibition of relevant,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_29.txt,multiBv1,2024_29.txt,"The cover art depicts the potential of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) damaging the viral capsid of coronavirus. In this work, we showed that PQQ can prevent coronavirus infection during early-stage infection, by destroying the viral structures through redox cycle activation. This graphic content was generated by an AI tool (Firefly, Adobe, Inc.).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,"The cover art illustrates Trypanosoma brucei navigating the bloodstream, highlighting the epigenetic target sirtuin-2-related protein 1, a key enzyme in DNA repair modulation. The figure spotlights its druggable binding site, interacting with molecular fragments that offer disruptive pathways for next-generation antiparasitic drug discovery. This artwork was created using OpenArt.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"The cover art provided is a synthesis of the work developed. The Cry10Aa protein is shown with the 20 amino acid sequence of α-helix 3 in blue, which was used as a model sequence for the present project. From these sequences, six variants of antimicrobial peptides were generated, with emphasis on variant 5, which was demonstrated to be potent against Staphylococcus aureus",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2024_26.txt,sbert,2024_26.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_3.png,B,"The cover reports a nanoconstrained photocatalyst with encapsulating ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets into the microporous carbon nanocage. The photocatalyst demonstrates a greatly enhanced water accumulation in the nanoconfined cavity, synergistically increasing chemical water molecule adsorption, leading to the high apparent quantum efficiency in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,This cover art depicts the hydrolysis of polysaccharides of the cell wall or red macroalgae by enzymes of marine or gut bacteria. The mechanistic study on a neoagarosidase from Phocaeicola plebeius shows an unusual pair of amino acids that operates catalysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover image describes an intramolecular acid–base cooperative catalysis strategy for the copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic thioanhydrides into the well-defined polythioesters, where the acid center is responsible for the activation of epoxides and the base center is responsible for the mediation of thioanhydrides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_13.txt,sbert,2020_13.txt,"Free fatty acids can be produced microbially, but the product pool has a broad distribution of chain lengths that is controlled by thioesterases, such as 'TesA in E. coli. 'TesA substrate specificity can be modified using computational tools, including the iterative protein redesign and optimization (IPRO) procedure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2017_7.txt,allv2,2017_7.txt,val
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.png,A,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Stem cell-based embryo models can recapitulate symmetry breaking, pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis during early development. To control and guide their in vivo-like cellular organization and architecture, bioengineering approaches can be applied, including biomaterials, additive manufacturing, microphysiological models and synthetic biology. See Xufeng Xue et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_1.png,A,"Autoimmune antibodies in the inflamed brain
Two studies by Michalski, Abdulla et al. and Wang, Xie, Deng, Ding, Li et al. provide insights into how antibodies seen in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis interact with and affect the functions of their target, NMDA receptors.
See Michalski, Abdulla et al. and Wang, Xie, Deng, Ding, Li et al.
Image credit: Westend61 / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"Structures of human APOBEC3A and an APOBEC3A/3B chimera bound to ssDNA reveal a U-shaped binding mode and provide insight into target selectivity. Cover shows the Moselschleife bei Bremm. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, image from studioworxx / iStock / Getty Images Plus. (p 131, News and Views p 97)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_11.txt,sbert,24_11.txt,"Adipokine leptin-induced receptor assembly
Structural studies reveal how adipokine leptin induces trimerization of the leptin receptor in the hypothalamus to convey cellular signaling through the resulting cytokine–receptor assembly.
See Tsirigotaki et al.
Image Credit: Imtmphoto / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/30_9.txt,multiBv1,30_9.txt,"Series on Synaptic Processes
We launch a Series on Synaptic Processes, featuring commissioned Reviews and opinion pieces that discuss the expanding molecular understanding of how neural cells communicate.
See Editorial  26 , 527 (2019)
Image: Cover art by Erin Dewalt, inspired by the style of artist Wassily Kandinsky. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_6.txt,allv2,26_6.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_2.png,C,"Quantized neural networks on the edge
As deep neural networks are pushed towards larger and more complex architectures, they require significant computational resources and are challenging to deploy in real-time applications. To reduce complexity, neural networks can be compressed, without a substantial decrease in model accuracy, by methods such as pruning or quantization. The latter involves using fewer bits to represent weights and biases. In a paper in this issue, Coelho Jr. et al. develop a method for producing quantized versions of deep neural network models for fully automated deployment on an FPGA chip with high-accuracy, low-energy and nanosecond inference, which is required for the real-time event-selection procedure in proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
See Coelho Jr. et al.
Image: T. Aarrestad, V. Loncar and S. Summers. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/3_5.txt,sbert,3_5.txt,"Dynamic biomolecular complex prediction with generative AI
Predicting the structure of 3D biological binding complexes is a major challenge in structural biology. Qiao et al. report a diffusion model-based generative AI approach known as NeuralPLexer that enables the prediction of protein–ligand structures, including large-scale conformational changes of such structures after ligand binding, based on protein sequences and ligand molecular graphs. The methodology could advance the mechanistic understanding of biological pathways and aid the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
See Qiao et al.
Image: Frederick R. Manby and Matthew Welborn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.txt,multiBv1,6_11.txt,"Accelerating micromagnetic simulation with deep learning
Simulation has a crucial role in micromagnetic research. Traditional numerical methods face high computational demands, primarily due to long-range interactions. By leveraging the learning capabilities of a U-shaped neural network, computational complexity can be reduced from O(Nlog(N)) to O(N), facilitating scalable simulations for large sample sizes. The image depicts the simulated topological structure in a magnetic sample.
See Cai et al.
Image: Dong Wang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"Crystal Hamiltonian graph neural networks
The need to quickly discover new materials and to understand their underlying physics in the presence of complex electron interactions calls for advanced simulation tools. Deng et al. propose CHGNet, a graph-neural-network-based machine learning interatomic potential that incorporates charge information. Pretrained on over 1.5 million inorganic crystal structures, CHGNet opens new opportunities for insights into ionic systems with charge interactions.
See Deng et al.
Image: Bowen Deng, University of California, Berkeley. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_4.txt,allv2,5_4.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_11.png,B,"On the cover: Di Timoteo et al. show that specific N6-methyladenosines (m6As) can
control circRNA production from primary transcripts thanks to METTL3 and YTHDC1, which
promote the back-splicing reaction. Furthermore, m6As on circ-ZNF609, a coding circRNA,
modulate its translation through recognition by YTHDF3 and eIF4G2. In the cover image,
different m6A patterns (represented by smaller circles) on the primary transcripts
(straight lines) result in the production of either linear (wavy lines) or circular
(bigger circles) transcripts. Image by Serena Di Timoteo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/31_8.txt,sbert,31_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Jiang et al. show high plasticity of ribosomal DNA organization using a synthetic rDNA array in
budding yeast. The cover image depicts a yeast cell, with tandemly repeated rDNA sequences
forming a nucleolar organizing region (shown in blue). The magnified rDNA sequences
contain recognition sites for the Cre enzyme (in red) that upon recognition are cleaved,
leading to simplification of the rDNA region. Image credit to Shuangying Jiang and
Zelin Cai, with input from Cheng Zeng and Yun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_11.txt,groundtruth,43_11.txt,"On the cover: Yeast ribosomes change composition under stress. In this issue, Parenteau
et al. show that exposure to stress modifies the expression of duplicated ribosomal
protein genes to favor the incorporation of minor protein isoforms not required for
growth under normal conditions. In the image, a ribosome (stressed sphere) chooses
between different protein isoforms (protein A and protein B). Cover art concept by
Sherif Abou Elela, drawing by Aisha Ghali.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/13_2.txt,allv2,13_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover depicts a structural model of the UHRF1 NKR finger, which
binds to hemi-methylated DNA during DNA replication. Hahm et al. report the acetylation
of UHRF1, which plays a major role in epigenetic inheritance in mammalian cells. Dysregulation
of UHRF1 acetylation impedes the binding of UHRF1 to hemi-methylated DNA and leads
to aberrant DNA methylation maintenance. Cover image by Nam-Chul Ha, modified by Ja
Young Hahm.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/32_10.txt,multiBv1,32_10.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_7.png,D,Donor–orthogonal acceptor conjugated polymers allow for a reduction in the energy gap between the first singlet and triplet excited states. This results in polymeric materials capable of emitting light through thermally activated delayed fluorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_20.txt,allv2,2017_20.txt,Light promotes electrons in certain positions of a three-dimensional covalent organic framework into collective excited states. Cover art by Alfy Benny.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_16.txt,sbert,2022_16.txt,"A single crystal of an organic charge transfer salt becomes conductive as well as magnetic upon UV irradiation in a reversible and wavelength-selective way, which may lead us to future devices controlled and detected by magnetic field, electric current, and light. See Naito and co-workers, p.18656.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_7.txt,ave_3,2012_7.txt,A light-emitting diode based on an organic polymer crystal generates circular-polarized emission from topological photonic valleys. It can be used for virtual reality and 3D displays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,test
Nature Cell Biology,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/27_1.png,C,"Compartmentalization of homologous recombination. Three-dimensional view of a DNA repair centre (yellow), the nucleus (red) and the nuclear periphery (blue) by fluorescence microscopy. DNA breaks in ribosomal genes exit from the nucleolus for repair.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/9_5.txt,allv2,9_5.txt,Persistent DNA damage signalling (red) correlates with high levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (green) in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.letter p973,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/11_5.txt,multiBv1,11_5.txt,"Chromosomal instability in cancer
Longitudinal analyses of non-small cell lung cancer samples identify the mechanisms through which loss of tumour suppressor FAT1 affects homologous recombination repair and chromosomal instability.
See Lu et al. , and RB by Wei-Ting Lu
Image: Jeroen Claus (Phospho Biomedical Animation). Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,"ETV6 dependency in Ewing sarcoma
Complementary studies from Gao et al. and Lu et al. show that ETV6 represses the transcriptional activity of the EWS–FLI1 fusion protein during the development of Ewing sarcoma, uncovering a transcriptional mechanism that promotes cancer.
See Gao et al., the related Lu et al. and News & Views by Lawlor
Image: Image courtesy of Xue-Yan He and Yuan Gao, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/25_11.txt,sbert,25_11.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_5.png,A,Jeong-Hwan Lee et al. introduce a novel machine-learning algorithm for optimizing OLED structures. This algorithm efficiently and automatically evaluates optimized OLED structures for achieving a target emission color using two CIEscore and Zscore indicators with a remarkably small error margin of less than 0.5% for RGB-emitting OLEDs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Vivid colors are produced by strong light scattering and absorption in metal nanoparticles, driven by the interaction with their plasmon resonances. This effect, exploited in coloring glass since antiquity, is used by Yu et al. to access a vast chromatic range with spherically capped particles formed on a glass surface, as illustrated in the image. Particles are formed by de-wetting an ultrathin metal film, a scalable low-cost procedure resulting in colors that are controlled through the size and contact angle of the particles, determined in turn by the fabrication conditions. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00090. Image courtesy of Nacho Gaubert.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_6.txt,sbert,2016_6.txt,Structural optimization of silicon metagrating enables deflection of incident light at a desired angle with near-unity efficiency. The cover image conceptually illustrates the design process of the metagrating beam deflector by freeform optimization based on deep reinforcement learning.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,"In the Article by Flauraud et al, nanoscale color printing is achieved by using Mie resonances supported by silicon nanocylinders. By altering the diameter and density of these structures, the resulting color is conveniently tuned across the visible spectrum which ultimately allows the reproduction of complex visual elements observable by the naked eye. These findings hold important promises for a broader adoption of nanoscale color printing due to the low losses and convenient nanopatterning of silicon. The cover shows an artistic view of different base pixel arrays and isolated nanocylinders forming the word “silicon”. See DOI : 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b01021. Image courtesy of Valentin Flauraud.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_5.txt,ave_2,2017_5.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_4.png,C,"Gamma-ray binary with a pulse
Rare gamma-ray binary system LS I +61° 303 has been generally well characterized, but the exact nature of the compact object component of the binary has not been firmly established. Sensitive observations with FAST have detected transient radio pulsations from the direction of the system, inferring that LS I +61° 303 is host to a rotating neutron star.
See Weng et al.
Image: D.F. Torres, S. Weng, K. Rappaport, Science Commuication Lab. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/6_7.txt,allv2,6_7.txt,"Four eyes see better than one
Two thousand hours of observations split between four 25–32 m telescopes have produced a comprehensive overview of the high-energy radio emission from repeating fast radio burst source FRB 20201124A. The burst characteristics resemble those of non-repeating burst sources, suggesting a link.
See Kirsten et al.
Image: D. Futselaar/ASTRON/Chalmers/IA NCU/Astropeiler e.V/CC BY 2.0. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_10.txt,ave_2,8_10.txt,"Pulsar-like or pulsar-unlike?
A rare long-period transient detected by CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope could be either a neutron star or white dwarf emitting in an unusual way. These two possibilities are represented here. In either case, the source is a member of an under-explored population of radio transients.
See Caleb et al.
Image: Carl Knox, OzGrav – Swinburne University of Technology. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"Faster-than-fast blasts from the past
Fast radio bursts typically last milliseconds, with their durations connected in some way to the properties of their emitting regions, close to neutron stars or magnetars. But there have been hints of more rapid phenomena, and here Snelders et al., by re-analysing archival data, demonstrate the presence of microsecond-duration bursts that have been missed by previous searches.
See Snelders et al.
Image: Futselaar/ASTRON/NSF/NRAO/GBO. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/7_1.txt,multiBv1,7_1.txt,val
Nature Cancer,5_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_11.png,B,"Cis-acting bi-specific antibodies for immunotherapy
Bi-specific antibodies to CD40 developed to target dendritic cell subsets for cancer immunotherapy improve the therapeutic window and reduce toxicities, compared with traditional CD40 agonists.
See Salomon et al.
Image: Efrat Davidson, Ran Salomon, Hagar Rotem, Rony Dahan. Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/3_10.txt,allv2,3_10.txt,"Dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy
A cell-therapy platform based on dendritic cell progenitors that express immunostimulatory cytokines has shown anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma and liver cancer models in an antigen-agnostic manner.
See Ghasemi et al.
Image: Amaia Martinez-Usatorre/Michele De Palma/EPFL. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_11.txt,groundtruth,5_11.txt,"Oncolytic nanoparticle immunotherapeutics
Self-replicating lipid nanoparticles encoding IL-12 RNA induce priming of CD8+ T cells and immunogenic cell death in established tumors.
See Li et al. and the News & Views article by Kepp and Kroemer.
Image: Yingzhong Li, The David Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"γδ T cells as a target of checkpoint inhibition
Intratumoral PD-1+Vγ1+ cells display an exhaustion program similar to that of αβ T cells, can be derepressed by checkpoint inhibitors and are predictive of the response to anti-PD-1 in patients with melanoma, specifically those with low levels of neoantigens.
See Davies et al.
Image credit: Joe Brock, Research Illustration Manager, The Francis Crick Institute Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_10.txt,ave_2,5_10.txt,train
Nature Water,2_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_8.png,D,"How we can deal with PFAS
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly known as PFAS, are a class of chemicals included in many commercial products. However, they raise serious concern for their potential environmental and health impacts. This has led to the introduction of stringent regulations in both the United States and Europe, which create substantial challenges for current wastewater treatment technology. The image on the cover represents the two most common PFAS, namely PFOS and PFOA, dispersed in water.
See Editorial
Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"The role of sulfur in arsenic contamination of groundwater
Groundwater is an essential resource for humans and society, providing drinking water, irrigation and other services. Unfortunately, it may also contain contaminants such as arsenic. Arsenic mobilisation and mobility in groundwater can have a significant impact on human health and the environment. Low-arsenic, high-iron aquifers are often considered contamination-free and a feasible exploitation option. Nghiem and colleagues show that limited sulfate reduction can accelerate groundwater arsenic contamination, even in high-iron aquifers. The image on the cover shows pumping groundwater used to irrigate one typical paddy soil farmland in Bangladesh, which is where the data by Nghiem and colleagues were collected.
See Nghiem et al. and News & Views by Planer-Friedrich
Image: Robin Rahman/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_11.txt,ave_3,1_11.txt,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,sbert,2_3.txt,"Degrading pollution of degrading tires
Emerging pollutants in water are getting attention due to their adverse health impacts. Given their widespread presence and harmful characteristics, effective treatment methods like degradation and filtration are essential. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) hold the potential to achieve effective degradation or even mineralization of organic pollutants, owing to the active involvement of radicals. Long Chen and colleagues have now designed a periodate-based AOP tailored for the degradation of the contaminant 6PPD-quinone — a recently identified pollutant originating from rubber tires — at environmentally relevant concentrations. The cover illustrates the concept of water pollution caused by the degradation of rubber tires.
See Chen et al.
Image: Agentur-kroeger/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_8.txt,groundtruth,2_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_8.png,C,"Rewiring metastasis, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_10.txt,multiBv1,21_10.txt,"Protective microbes, inspired by the Perspective on p565.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_5.txt,ave_2,23_5.txt,"Fungi in focus, inspired by the Viewpoint on p295.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_8.txt,groundtruth,24_8.txt,"‘Neighbourhood microbes’ inspired by the Viewpoint on p371.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_1.png,C,"The cover image portrays an injectable neutrophilic attractant and antibacterial hydrogel applied to infected wounds. This hydrogel is made of κ-Carrageenan incorporated with octenidine dihydrochloride and chitosan-treated serum. Octenidine, an antiseptic agent, shows antibacterial activity by rupturing the bacterial membrane. Chitosan-treated serum induces migration of fibroblasts and neutrophils into the wounded area. Neutrophils further accelerate bacterial clearance. Fibroblasts facilitate tissue regeneration at the wounded site. This combinatorial effect helps in treating infectious wounds and facilitates the wound healing process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_12.txt,sbert,2019_12.txt,This cover art describes an antibacterial hydrogel material covering wounds on the skin. The hydrogel hosts extracellular vesicles derived from mint leaves. These extracellular vesicles kill the bacteria in the wound site and promote wound healing. The cover art is made with Adobe Firefly.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"Chronic wounds are challenging due to infections and antibiotic resistance. This study develops hydrogels with gallium-based nanoalloys, combining bismuth and silver ions. These multi-metallic hydrogels exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while being non-toxic and enhancing wound healing, providing an alternative to current antimicrobial treatments. The i",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_3.png,C,"logically illustrates the feasibility of utilizing a series of post-transition metal elements anchored on phthalocyanine as catalysts for CNRR. These catalysts (especially for Al−Pc) offer the benefit of reduced energy requirements for CNRR, thereby facilitating the production of CH4 and NH3 in a manner that is both energetically more efficient and environmentally sustainable.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2024_16.txt,multiBv1,2024_16.txt,catalytic activity of MOFs towards peptide bonds,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,Make excellent clean energy catalysts by combining colorful non-precious metals with MOF materials to protect our green water and mountains.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"Environmentally friendly, solar-activated carbon nitride photocatalyzers for the decontamination of water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2023_10.txt,ave_2,2023_10.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_7.png,A,"A Nian beast (proinflammatory PD-1+ T cells) wreaks havoc in the village (a metaphor for atherosclerosis, AS) on New Year's Eve. A man, dressed in red, ignites firecrackers (FcgR-binding anti-PD-1 mAb), preventing the Nian beast from causing trouble in the village (the shrinkage of AS plaques). See page 407–427 by Lin Fan et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_7.txt,groundtruth,34_7.txt,"‘Nuwa mends the sky’ is a traditional Chinese myth where the goddess Nuwa smelted five colored-stones to patch up the sky and save all mankind. This story reflects how GV-971, a marine derived oligosaccharide, fills in the gap in the current Alzheimer's treatment via targeting a gut-brain axis. See page 787-803 by Xinyi Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_3.txt,sbert,29_3.txt,The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/29_4.txt,allv2,29_4.txt,"The image describes an ancient Chinese myth “Hou Yi Shoots the Suns”, wherein Hou Yi was tasked to save people by shooting nine extra buring suns. Voltage-gated H+ channel Hv1 was unexpectedly identified in the sensory neurons; inhibiting neuroinflammation (symbolized by the burning suns) by targeting Hv1 genetically or pharmacologically using a newly-discovered inhibitor (symbolized by arrow) alleviates chronic inflammatory pain and morphine-induced adverse side effects. The cover art is contributed by Keyu Yu. See page 461–476 by Qiansen Zhang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_8.txt,multiBv1,32_8.txt,val
Cell Metabolism,36_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_10.png,A,"On the cover: Stress has a profound impact on gut disorders. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Wei et al. reveal that psychological stress enriches gut microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate,
which disrupts intestinal stem cell differentiation and triggers epithelial injury.
The depiction of rolling clouds and stirring stars, inspired by Van Gogh’s masterpiece
The Starry Night, represents restless emotions in a person with depression. The broken ground and
castle along the winding river illustrate injured intestinal epithelia. The involvement
of microbes and the metabolite is represented as ants on the broken door. Cover art
by Xiao Zheng and Haiping Hao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_10.txt,groundtruth,36_10.txt,"On the cover: Gut microbiota and host metabolism are intertwined. On pp. 324–334 of
this issue, Breton et al. explore the intriguing idea of gut bacteria, depending on
their growth phases, synthesizing proteins that affect host appetite. Using proteomics,
they show that nutrient availability stabilizes the exponential growth of E. coli within 20 min and that the E. coli proteome changes in the stationary phase. In vivo administration of exponential or
stationary-phase proteins to rodents affects the release of gut peptides and neuronal
feeding circuits. The cover art is a stylized depiction of satiety 20 min after meal
termination.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/23_5.txt,sbert,23_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Zhu et al. (pp. 1926–1942) report that the probiotic
L. casei Zhang improves gut dysbiosis by regulating the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
and nicotinamide (NAM) to ameliorate acute and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in mice,
while also slowing the progression of CKD in a human clinical trial. The cover art
uses a horse-head string instrument to indicate the link between the gut and the kidneys.
The probiotic and the kidney are represented by the tuning handle and the resonance
box, respectively, while the SCFAs and NAM are symbolized on the body and in the shading.
Image credit: Gang Xu and Rui Zeng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/33_3.txt,multiBv1,33_3.txt,"On the cover: We are not alone… The human body contains over ten times more microbes
than human cells, and the total number of microbiome genes outnumbers human genes
a hundred to one. It is therefore not surprising that the microbes are a force to
be reckoned with and shape our health. Our special issue focuses on the metabolic
roles of the gut microbiome. The cover art by Yvonne Blanco, hand-drawn with quill
and ink, aims to capture the proportions of man and microbiome.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_11.png,D,"Transducers get thin and integrated
Ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide films that are only 10 nm thick can be used to create integrated nanoelectromechanical transducers. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a nanomechanical resonator built by integrating the transducer (highlighted in pink) into an aluminium nitride (highlighted in green) on silicon membrane.
See Ghatge et al.
Image: Mayur Ghatge, University of Florida. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Two-dimensional materials go analogue
Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors.
See Polyushkin et al.
Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_5.txt,sbert,3_5.txt,"Nanotube transistors get up to speed
High-speed transistors that are based on arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes could potentially be scaled for operation in millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a six-finger nanotube transistor that is fabricated on a silicon wafer and can be used to build a radiofrequency amplifier.
See Shi et al.
Image: Lian-Mao Peng, Peking University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_7.txt,ave_2,4_7.txt,"3D resonators for spectral processors
Spectral processors for wireless communication can be created using acoustic resonators made from 3D silicon nano-fins with hafnia–zirconia ferroelectric gates wrapped around them. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows an array of filters created by electrically coupling 3D resonators with different frequencies, with the different devices highlighted by different false colours.
See Hakim et al.
Image: Faysal Hakim, University of Florida. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,test
Cell Reports,43_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_8.png,B,"On the cover: Development requires highly coordinated changes in chromatin accessibility
in order for proper gene regulation to occur. Using ATAC-seq, Van der Burg et al.
show that chromatin organization during butterfly wing development is highly dynamic.
Motif enrichment analysis followed by ChIP-seq shows that DNA binding of transcription
factor spineless, but not EcR, is strongly associated with opening chromatin. The
picture shows the end result of these complex developmental changes—a beautiful butterfly
wing. This image was taken by Karin van der Burg using a Junonia coenia specimen from the Cornell University Insect Collection.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/27_10.txt,allv2,27_10.txt,"On the cover: An artificially colored scanning electron micrograph of a butterfly
wing demonstrating the diversity of scale cell types, including paddle-shaped scales
and long, pronged scales at the margin. In this issue, Prakash et al. generate a single-cell atlas of Bicyclus anynana butterfly pupal forewings and identify markers of different cell types, including
scale cells. Photo credit: Anupama Prakash.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_8.txt,groundtruth,43_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image shows wild-type and yellow mutant butterflies, Bicyclus anynana. Matsuoka and Monteiro show that the yellow mutation, in a melanin pathway gene, changes both the color and the morphology of
wing scales. Created by William H. Piel and Antónia Monteiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/24_13.txt,multiBv1,24_13.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts columnar structures in the pupal Drosophila
medulla as visualized by Flamingo staining in the paper by Han et al. The dot-like
(top), horseshoe-like (middle), and donut-like patterns (bottom) reflect the planar
polarity of neurons inside the columns. The graded color indicates the distributions
of DWnt4 and DWnt10. Image designed by Makoto Sato using original image data by Xujun
Han.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/33_10.txt,ave_3,33_10.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_9.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Jinnou et al. (128–137) show that radial glial fibers
persist in injured neonatal mouse brains and support migration of ventricular-subventricular
zone (V-SVZ)-derived neuroblasts toward the injured area, leading to neuronal regeneration.
The cover image illustrates neuroblasts (represented by flying birds) from the V-SVZ
(the phoenix) migrating along radial glial fibers (tail feathers) to regenerate the
injured neonatal brain. Cover design by Space-Time Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"On the cover: Early diagnosis of preterm brain injuries remains a significant challenge.
In this issue, Epstein et al. reveal an injury to the subventricular zone in preterm infants that predicts cerebral
palsy and motor impairment much earlier than is currently feasible in babies. The
injury is visible using cranial ultrasound. The cover art, painted by Cassidy Logan,
shows a fortune teller who is predicting the neurologic outcome of a preterm infant
using a crystal ball. Her vision of the child's likely health outcome is informed
by the ultrasound signals taken at the subventricular zone where the integrity of
the neural stem cell niche leads to production and migration of progenitor cells for
the developing brain.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_9.txt,groundtruth,31_9.txt,"On the cover: Leone, Gelati, and Profico et al. report the outcomes of a phase I clinical study based on intracerebroventricular
injection of allogeneic human neural stem cells in people with secondary progressive
multiple sclerosis. The cover shows a woman in a wheelchair, affected by multiple
sclerosis, surrounded by the challenges of the illness and looking up toward a glimmer
of light. This light represents a new treatment option and is filled with special
cells called neurospheres, which reach out to support and fix the damaged nerves in
the nervous system. Illustration: Ella Maru Studio (@Ella_Maru).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_1.txt,multiBv1,30_1.txt,"On the cover: Brain waves emerge from brain organoids. In this issue, Trujillo et
al. (558–569) find that brain organoids exhibit periodic and highly regular nested
oscillatory network waves. The network transitions to more spatiotemporally complex
activity, capturing features of preterm infant development. The illustration depicts
ocean waves bathing a beach shore that represents human brain development. The ocean
waves are mixed with traces of action potentials, in reference to the technology used
for neuronal network activity acquisition. Cover artwork by Cleber Trujillo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/25_3.txt,ave_2,25_3.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.png,A,The picture shows the serotonergic system highlighted by the GFP reporter on a horizontal brain section of the Tph2GFP knockin mouse line,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,"This image shows a large subpopulation of 5-HT neurons (TPH2 immunolabeling in red) expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3 immunolabeling in green), thus having the capacity to co-release both 5-HT and glutamate. Gullino et al. show that these neurons are involved in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_19.txt,ave_2,2024_19.txt,"Serotonergic (5-HT) receptors are located to significantly impact cognitive processing by influencing release and action of multiple neurotransmitter systems in the prefrontal cortex. 5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors are expressed in a distributed manner throughout the laminae on pyramidal neurons and/or GABAergic interneurons. Art designer: Steven Leiser.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2015_6.txt,allv2,2015_6.txt,"Parametric images of rates of cerebral protein synthesis through the dorsal hippocampus of adult Fmr1 knockout mice. The upper image from an untreated animal shows abnormally  high rates of protein synthesis, and the lower image shows the reversal of this  phenotype in an animal following chronic treatment with lithium in the drinking  water. Art designer: Alan Hoofring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2014_7.txt,multiBv1,2014_7.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_9.png,D,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Over the past decade, machine learning algorithms (MLAs) have been employed extensively
to speed up the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of molecules and materials.
This Special Issue highlights key areas where machine learning has made, and will
continue to make, a positive impact on molecular and materials research. One prime
example is the application of MLAs in homogeneous catalysis. On pages 96-110 of this
Special Issue, Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues unveil their vision for the future of machine
learning in homogeneous catalyst design by highlighting emerging technologies and
methods that are likely to have a lasting impact on the field. By closing the loop
of machine learning guided experiment design and autonomous experimentation, new catalysts
can be designed at an unprecedented pace. Image credit: the Aspuru-Guzik group (University
of Toronto). Created by: Gabriel dos Passos Gomes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"On pages 519–522 of this issue, Volk and Abolhasani discuss the roles
of flow chemistry in the advancement of solution phase nanoscience and chemistry
across a range of fields. The unique accessible data sets and reaction conditions,
coupled
with high efficiency and high throughput experimentation, allow for researchers to
take on more complex reactive systems. The advent of self-guided experimentation
coupled with automated modular microfluidic reactors further enhances these
capabilities while ushering in opportunities in virtual lab spaces. In this forum
article,
the capabilities and prospects of developing flow technologies are discussed alongside
the new research opportunities they will create in collaborative, interdisciplinary
environments. Image credit: the Abolhasani group (North Carolina State University).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_6.txt,multiBv1,3_6.txt,"The ability to image the dynamic processes, bonding forces and
conformational changes of biomacromolecules in a liquid environment in real time
would be vital to provide a deeper understanding of fundamental biological principles.
As an emerging method to reach this goal, liquid-phase electron microscopy (LP-EM)
can provide unique insights into complex structures such as proteins, lipids, and
nucleic
acids. In their Forum article, Huan Wang and colleagues highlight the progress made
in single-molecule LP-EM research so far, including use of deep learning methods,
and discuss future prospects for this technique to address unanswered questions in
biochemistry and biophysics. Image credit: GettyImages/Westend61",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_9.txt,groundtruth,6_9.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_4.png,A,"The theoretical efficiency limit of a solar cell increases with the mean curvature of the device, due to a higher ratio of emission area to volume and thus a lower non-radiative voltage loss. Image obtained using ChatGPT.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Luminescent solar concentrators doped with CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) provide a potentially low-cost and high-performance alternative for efficient utilization of blue photons. Based on this principle, Bronstein et al. achieved luminescent solar concentration ratios over 30. The image illustrates the cavity design: blue photons are transmitted through a wavelength-selective photonic mirror and absorbed by the QDs. The red photons emitted by the QDs are trapped inside omnidirectionally before being collected by the silicon solar microcell in the center. By mitigating both escape cone and scattering losses, the cavity design exhibits a much higher concentration ratio due to elongated propagation length of blue photons. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00334. Image courtesy of Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,"In the work featured on the cover, Murray and Munday demonstrate a device that enables electrically controllable light trapping, which can be used as a self-powered switchable solar window. The device consists of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal whose transparency is controlled by the application of an applied electric field, changing from opaque to transparent. In the OFF state, the device is capable of providing privacy and power through increased optical absorption within the semiconductor. In the ON state, the device becomes transparent, due to reduced light scattering and trapping, while still providing enough absorption for self-powering. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00518. Image courtesy of Jeremy Munday and Ella Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_12.txt,ave_2,2017_12.txt,"This cover depicts visible-light-induced hot electron injection in Au, Ag, and Ag-Au alloy plasmonic nanoparticles for hydrogen photoproduction. The nanoparticles’ hot electron injection efficiency increases with the Ag composition due to an increase in the interband energy threshold that favors the generation of energetic intraband hot electrons over low energy interband hot electrons. Nevertheless, most of the plasmonic energy is lost through heat dissipation for all compositions. This work gives experimental evidence that intraband excitations in transition metals exhibit significant plasmonic loss, and thus, new plasmonic materials with lower loss must be developed for plasmon-induced solar energy conversion applications. See DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2017_8.txt,multiBv1,2017_8.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_6.png,D,"In this issue...
In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt,multiBv1,35_9.txt,"In this issue...
November's edition of BDJ In Practice takes a closer look at compassion and prudence in dentistry, overcoming perfectionism, the art of leadership, the practice sales market and two concurrent crises affecting oral cancer checks
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_2.txt,sbert,36_2.txt,"In this issue...
As the sugar debate rages on, one question stands out from the rest: how far do we need to take 'sin taxes' to improve oral health?",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_1.txt,allv2,32_1.txt,"In this issue...
July's BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into the state of the debate surrounding global oral health and sugar - have we been here before?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_6.txt,groundtruth,37_6.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_10.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,allv2,4_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Jin et al. present a series of articles based on sequencing data from non-invasive
prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnant women, focusing on multiple phenotypes and diseases.
The cover image represents these articles. On the left is the silhouette of a pregnant
woman; surrounding the fetus in her womb are the radial rings of Manhattan plots,
representing the main content of this series as genome-wide association studies based
on the pregnant woman's genome. The right side of the image contains a blood tube
with a DNA molecule leaping out of it, representing that the samples used in these
studies are from the cell-free DNA in the blood drawn from the pregnant woman's NIPT
examination. Artist credit: Huanhuan Zhu and Linxuan Li, authors from this series
of articles, jointly completed the conceptual design of this cover, with Linxuan Li
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_3.txt,ave_3,4_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Lin et al. use baboons to characterize molecular effects of a high-cholesterol, high-fat diet
and its interactions with genetic variation on gene expression. The cover depicts
a captive baboon from the pedigreed colony from Southwest National Primate Research
Center (SNPRC). The photo is provided courtesy of SNPRC at Texas Biomedical Research
Institute.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"On the cover: Knowledge on the population history of the endangered chimpanzee species
is key for their conservation, but the genomic data on wild chimpanzee populations
is geographically sparse. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Fontsere et al. build an extensive georeferenced catalog of genomic diversity in
chimpanzees from more than 800 non-invasively collected samples. They reveal patterns
of isolation and connectivity between localities in different time points and implement
an approach to infer the unknown origin of confiscated chimpanzees. The cover depicts
Thea, a wild male central chimpanzee from the Rekambo community in Loango (Gabon).
Photography by Roland Hilgartner, ozouga.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_7.png,C,"Hepatocyte-targeting nanoparticles for enhanced hepatobiliary MRI
This issue highlights that hepatobiliary MRI can be enhanced by an ultrasmall nanoparticle targeting hepatocytes, that transmembrane water-efflux rate is a sensitive biomarker of the expression of aquaporin-4, a hydrogel-based metamaterial for profiling extracellular vesicles in patient samples, a near-infrared fluorophore for the imaging of aggregates of amyloid-β and tau through the skull of mice, nanoparticles producing ultrasound-induced afterglow luminescence, a library of renally cleared fluorescence probes for the tracking of tumour-infiltrating leukocytes, liposomal nanoparticles for spatially mapping light in deep tissue via MRI, and a tomographic method for the location of photon pairs produced from high-energy X-rays.
The cover illustrates an ultrasmall nanoparticle with a manganese ferrite core and with surface ligands with high specificity for hepatocytes, for use as a contrast agent for imaging the liver and the biliary tree.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Haiming Fan, Northwest University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_10.txt,ave_3,7_10.txt,"Finding tumours via Cerenkov luminescence imaging
This issue highlights performance and functionality enhancements in hardware and software for a range of imaging modalities, including Cerenkov luminescence imaging, light-sheet microscopy, photoacoustic computed tomography, ultrasound localization microscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance fingerprinting, and a number of optical-imaging techniques.
The cover illustrates that a clinical fibrescope for Cerenkov luminescence imaging can be used to detect tumour location in patients with cancer who had undergone routine molecular imaging.
See Pratt et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/6_8.txt,allv2,6_8.txt,"Microscopic localization of fluorescence during glioma-resection surgery
The cover illustrates that paired stimulated Raman histology and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy improves the detection of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX during glioma-resection surgery.
See Nasir-Moin et al.
Image: Dieter Henrik Heiland. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Optoacoustic imaging of tumour responses to vascular-targeted therapies
This issue highlights the fluorescence-guided resection of liver tumours in patients, the fluorescence-guided detection of epithelial cancers of the upper intestinal tract in animals and in a human, a fluorescent tumour-selective imaging probe, pH-sensitive positron-emitting polycationic polymers for the detection of small tumours with PET, carbon-coated FeCo nanoparticles as magnetic-particle-imaging tracers, the monitoring of the turnover of cellular metabolites in vivo via 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the imaging of sub-100-nm strains in intact joints via synchrotron X-ray tomography.
The cover illustrates the use of high-resolution raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy to obtain detailed morphological and physiological insights into the responses of tumours to vascular-targeted therapies.
See Haedicke et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,train
Nature Physics,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_6.png,D,"Two-state cell migration
Two-state micropatterns offer a unique platform to study cell migration. An equation of motion is inferred from a large ensemble of trajectories, revealing key differences in the nonlinear dynamics of healthy and cancerous cells.
See Broedersz et al.
Image: Christoph Hohman, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM). Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_7.txt,allv2,15_7.txt,"Biomolecules catch a wave
Protein oscillations linked to cell division in Escherichia coli are shown to localize unrelated molecules on the cell membrane via a diffusiophoretic mechanism, in which an effective friction fosters cargo transport along the fluxes set up by the proteins.
See Ramm et al. and Bocquet and Palacci
Image: Beatrice Ramm, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry. Cover Design:Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_6.txt,multiBv1,17_6.txt,"Phase separation in the nucleus
Biomolecules in the cell nucleus form condensates at a rate slower than that predicted by the theory of droplet growth. Experiments on living cells attribute this anomalous coarsening behaviour to subdiffusive dynamics in the crowded nucleus. The image is a composite fluorescence micrograph of live human osteosarcoma cells, showing the co-localization of nuclear droplets and chromatin, using a spinning disk confocal microscope.
Brangwynne, Article
IMAGE: Daniel S. W. Lee, Princeton University. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_9.txt,sbert,17_9.txt,"Cell doublet pirouette
Cells can pair up and form a rotating doublet. Linjie Lu and collaborators have shown that these rotations are spontaneously caused by an uneven distribution of myosin within cell cortices. This polarized distribution breaks the mirror symmetry of the doublet. These results highlight how active mechanical forces drive collective cell motion.
See Lu et al.
Image: Linjie Lu, Tristan Guyomar, and Daniel Riveline (IGBMC-University of Strasbourg). Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_1.png,B,"Agriculture is a primary cause of the biodiversity crisis. On pages 726–733,
Teja Tscharntke and colleagues argue that a mix of on- and off-field measures is needed
to conserve biodiversity, overcoming the false dichotomy of the land sharing-sparing
debate. The cover image shows wheat—oilseed rape intercropping (near Göttingen,
Germany) to reduce field sizes, increase landscape heterogeneity, and to enhance
biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological control. Photo credit: Uwe
Holst.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_5.txt,sbert,39_5.txt,"Rules of fair allocation could be used to fairly divide the costs of
biodiversity impact abatement, to achieve global biodiversity goals and remain within
a safe and just development space. On pages 1102–1110, Hollie Booth and colleagues
discuss how rules of fair allocation could be applied to biodiversity decision-making,
to operationalize equity and create space for cooperatively and constructively
negotiating avoidance liabilities within biodiversity impact mitigation. The cover
image
shows small-scale fishing vessels in Aceh Jaya, Indonesia. After establishment of
a
no-take zone (NTZ), rules such as “weighted equal division” or “divide and choose”
could be used to fairly distribute the opportunity costs associated with restricting
fi shing activity in the NTZ. Photo credit: Francesca Page.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_1.txt,groundtruth,39_1.txt,"The application of concepts from business to science and conservation is problematic.
On pp. 820–830 of this issue, Kevin Hiers and colleagues discuss one such problem:
the setting of targets for conservation and habitat restoration that are too precise,
do not allow for ecological variability and are not adaptable to local conditions.
The authors argue this significantly reduces future conservation options and results
in reduced resilience. Cover image by Steve Hillebrand, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/31_2.txt,allv2,31_2.txt,"In a provocative and stimulating Opinion article on pp. 78–85 of this issue, Jonathan
Waters, Ceridwen Fraser and Godfrey Hewitt discuss density dependence as a process
that spatially structures biodiversity. They show that apparently different processes
such as gene surfing, high-density blocking and competitive exclusion could all be
the result of an underlying “founder takes all” principle. This is illustrated on
this month’s cover by king penguins on Marion Island, Southern Indian Ocean. (Photo
by Ceridwen Fraser.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_11.txt,multiBv1,28_11.txt,val
Trends in Microbiology,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.png,C,"On pages 872–886, Michelle Mulcahy and Rachel McLoughlin explore the dynamic interplay
between Staphylococcus aureus and the host immune system during commensal colonization at the nasal epithelium.
The cover image playfully depicts S. aureus ‘talking’ to human keratinocytes and resident immune cells (T cells) within the nasal
cavity. The T cells in turn ‘communicate’ with neutrophils (PMN) which act to control
bacterial levels at this site, as well as keratinocytes which release antimicrobial
peptides (AMPs) to directly target the bacteria. Cover image and design by Michelle
Mulcahy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,"Complement component C3 is historically considered an extracellular
protein, protecting the intravascular space from invasion by microbes. More recently,
emerging intracellular roles of C3 have been identified, such as facilitating cellular
survival and decreasing pathogen burden. One such protective role is that C3 targets
cytoinvasive bacteria for autophagy-mediated degradation, unless the bacteria
express omptins, which can cleave C3 off the bacterial surface. In this cover image,
the cell is figuratively depicted as a dragon, protecting the intracellular environment
by breathing C3 (as flames) that can potentially enclose bacterial invaders. Omptins
expressed by bacteria are denoted as shields, which can cleave C3 off the bacteria,
thus, allowing them to persist and proliferate. However, in the absence of omptins,
the
C3 that is coating the bacteria enhances the recruitment of ATG16L1 and LC3, which
promotes autophagy targeting (represented by 'LC3' traps in the ground), rendering
the
bacteria unable to proliferate or further damage the cell. Image courtesy: DrawImpacts,
www.drawimpacts.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/30_9.txt,ave_3,30_9.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"In this issue, Gerber-Tichet et al. provide an update on the expanding
role of the function of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a germline-encoded pattern
recognition receptor (PRR). The archetypal role TLR4 is the detection bacterial wall
components, including lipopoly- and lipo-oligo-saccharides (LPS and LOS). The cover
shows antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which are the sentinels of the immune system,
containing cell surface dimers of TLR4 dimers, one of the ten members of the TLR
family. However, TLR4 is not a one trick pony – it can also generate anti-viral innate
immune responses via TRIF-related adaptor molecule-associated signalling directly
or
indirectly (e.g., Ebola or adenovirus via an alpha-defensin bridge, respectively).
Image courtesy: Conception and design by Elina Gerber-Tichet and EJ Kremer.
BioRender® was used to generate an initial template.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/33_2.txt,allv2,33_2.txt,test
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.png,D,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,Phenol formaldehyde resin and vermicelli were mixed together to prepare a lightweight carbon foam with a hierarchical pore architecture for high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The carbon foam in this instance absorbs harmful electromagnetic (EM) waves while also protecting the electronic equipment from EM waves over a broad frequency range. These EMI shielding materials can be used to benefit stealth technology.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,test
Nature Photonics,18_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_12.png,C,"Semiconductor wafer featuring optical waveguides together with vapour cells and reservoirs containing rubium atoms. The circuitry makes it possible to perform electromagnetically induced transparency on a chip, gaining unprecedented control over the propagation speed of light.
Cover design by Tom Wilson.
Letter by Bin Wu  et.al",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/4_2.txt,ave_3,4_2.txt,"Silicon photonics looks poised to provide low-cost, high-speed solutions that will revolutionize optical communications systems. The cover image shows Intel’s recently unveiled fully integrated transmitter chip with hybrid silicon lasers that connects to a coupler consisted of a single optical fibre, showing the feasibility of integration of individual photonic devices on a single chip.
Image courtesy of InTouchStudios.com.
Interview with Mario Paniccia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"On-chip optical logic
On-chip optoelectronic logic gates that operate in the telecom wavelength band are constructed by integrating multiple silicon waveguides with black phosphorus.
See He et al.
Image: Weida Hu, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_12.txt,groundtruth,18_12.txt,"Organic polariton logic gates
A polariton transistor based on strong light–matter coupling in a thin organic layer in an optical microcavity allows fast switching and amplification of states at room temperature and the creation of all-optical logic.
See Lagoudakis et al.
Image: Anton V. Zasedatelev, Skoltech. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/13_7.txt,multiBv1,13_7.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_5.png,D,"Urbanization warming Indian cities
In a context of rapid industrialization, urbanization and climate change, Indian cities have experienced increasing warming. About 60% of the increased temperatures come from urbanization alone, especially in medium-sized cities.
See Sethi & Vinoj
Image: Dr. Vinoj. V, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, INDIA. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,multiBv1,1_12.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Cooling from natural areas
Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat.
See Yang et al.
Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_5.txt,groundtruth,1_5.txt,train
BDJ,237_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_5.png,D,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,sbert,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,multiBv1,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, oral benzodiazepines, and artificial intelligence.

Cover image: Throughout this volume, each cover will include a mystery dental object. Can you guess what it is..? Look out for the answer in the following issue!
Answer to Vol 234 Issue 9: This is a bite frame for taking upper and lower impressions. A similar design but less ornate is illustrated in the S. S. White catalogue, 1867. It is described as an impression cup and its advantages of use included ‘having a surplus of plaster to be acted upon after the cup is placed in the mouth and brought to its proper position thus preventing the occurrence of any blanks or other imperfections in the impression’. Roland Hopwood, BDA Museum volunteer.
Image credit: Filip Gierlinski – FGPhotos www.fgphotos.co.uk",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/234_3.txt,allv2,234_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on MRONJ, virtual clinics, and polishing systems.

Cover image: From 2019. The BDA Museum series which inspired the cover on this current issue was a direct lookback and comparison with modern practice and was published in the second half of 2019. One item was an operating face mask from the 1920s, complete with its stylish box (from Vol 227 Issue 8, 25 October 2019). As the series drew to a close at the end of that year, no one had any notion whatsoever of the pandemic that was about to engulf us in 2020 when the use of personal protective equipment became such a crucial element of enabling continuing health care.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_5.txt,groundtruth,237_5.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_6.png,C,"Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Virtual Special Issue. Top left: Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Peptide/Oligonucleotide Complexes in Crowded Macromolecular Media (J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125 (1), 49–57. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09225)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,The cover image shows gradient bundles tracing out the shape of the electron charge density in the active site of ketosteroid isomerase (KSI). Gradient Bundle Decomposition reduces the charge density to a potentially infinite set of geometrically complex but energetically well-defined volumes and enables identification of the unique chemical bonding regions in any system. With this technique it is possible to follow the evolution of the charge density and its associated geometric and energy related properties accompanying a chemical or physical process. Here we analyze the inter-bond property redistribution underlying the catalytic enhancement or inhibition of KSI via amino acid mutations or applied electric fields. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_6.txt,multiBv1,2022_6.txt,"The monomeric KMP-11 phase separates to form liquid-like condensates. Different physiological factors, like temperature and pH, play vital roles in this process. Alternate charge block or (+)ve–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Biomolecular condensates arise from sequence-encoded interactions involving proteins and nucleic acids. These interactions also govern material and mechanical properties. Condensates can regulate biological function, including enzyme activity. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2021_38.txt,sbert,2021_38.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_7.png,B,"On the cover: Crop research and breeding are crucial for ensuring global food security. To provide
adequate food for a growing global population, multiple challenges must be tackled
by innovative fundamental research and new technologies/strategies for breeding climate-resilient
and high-quality crops with optimal yields. In this issue, a series of authoritative
Perspectives on “Crop2035” are published to provide holistic and strategic visions
and solutions on next decadal research and breeding of some staple crops. The cover
image illustrates the landscape of the globe and major cultivated crops that will
be studied and engineered with advanced technologies in the coming years.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_2.txt,allv2,18_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a satellite in orbit over agricultural landscapes, symbolizing
the integration of satellite-enabled enviromics to enhance crop improvement. The satellite-enabled
enviromics leverage high-throughput remote sensing to achieve detailed genotype-by-environment
objectives, transforming predictive breeding and enabling targeted genotype selection
for maximum productivity under varying environmental conditions. Image by Rafael T.
Resende with the assistance of AI: Bing images and chatgpt4/DALL⋅E.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_7.txt,groundtruth,17_7.txt,"On the cover: Climate change poses great challenges to local, regional, and global agricultural
ecosystems and food security through rising air temperatures and causing more frequent
extreme whether events in the globe. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related
stresses will be crucial to crop productivity and quality under climate-changed environments.
The cover image illustrates two extremely contrasting scenarios that may happen on
Earth, with the left one showing that global warming causes severe drought stress
and affects global maize production, while the right one showing that large-scale
cultivation of climate-resilient and resource-saving crops such as maize suitable
for current and future cropping systems on Earth, owing to the development of plant
sciences and technologies, may not only improve the Earth's ecosystems but also boost
crop yields to ensure global food security even under future climate change.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_3.txt,ave_3,16_3.txt,"On the cover: Climate change poses great challenges to local, regional, and global agricultural
ecosystems and food security through rising air temperatures and causing more frequent
extreme whether events in the globe. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related
stresses will be crucial to crop productivity and quality under climate-changed environments.
The cover image illustrates two extremely contrasting scenarios that may happen on
Earth, with the left one showing that global warming causes severe drought stress
and affects global maize production, while the right one showing that large-scale
cultivation of climate-resilient and resource-saving crops such as maize suitable
for current and future cropping systems on Earth, owing to the development of plant
sciences and technologies, may not only improve the Earth's ecosystems but also boost
crop yields to ensure global food security even under future climate change.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_4.txt,ave_2,16_4.txt,train
Structure,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/33_1.png,B,"On the cover: The reaction center (RC)–light-harvesting 1 (LH1) membrane pigment-protein
complex plays a key role in bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bracun et al. (318–328)
determined the structure of the RC–LH1 supercomplex from the model photosynthetic
bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using cryo-electron microscopy. The RC–LH1 complex contains an additional transmembrane
peptide, PufX, which mediates the interactions between RC and LH1 and the opening
of the surrounding LH1 ring. This study also reveals the structural flexibility of
the LH1 subunits at the edges of the opened ring. The unique architecture of the RC–LH1
supercomplex enables efficient electron transport and the fine-tuning of its functionality
in purple photosynthetic bacteria. Cover art credit: Lu-Ning Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_10.txt,ave_2,31_10.txt,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts the unravelling of the long sought-after heptosyltransferase
I (WaaC)-acceptor interaction. The protein displayed is the glycosyltransferase WaaC,
a promising antivirulence target. The crystal structure of a pseudo-ternary complex
presented here provides insight into the acceptor binding mode and associated domain
movements, thereby offering potential drug target sites. See Blaukopf et al., pp.
1399–1407 Cover credit: Andrea Blaukopf.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_3.txt,ave_3,26_3.txt,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_2.txt,allv2,33_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.png,D,"In this Review, Cheryan et al. discuss four factors that might explain women’s underrepresentation in some STEM fields and interventions that might help reduce these disparities.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,"In this Perspective, Benedek et al. integrate memory research within existing creativity theorizing to provide a framework for how creative ideas arise.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_9.txt,sbert,2_9.txt,"In this Review, Harari and Gosling describe illustrative findings from mobile sensing studies in psychology and propose a research agenda to guide future work.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"This month we launch a new collection of pieces that highlight ways to improve doctoral education and support graduate student trainees to their fullest potential.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_12.txt,groundtruth,3_12.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2025_1.png,A,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Unlocking new frontiers in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, AI-integrated single-molecule bioelectronic sensors, including nanogapped electrodes and nanopores, deliver unprecedented precision, efficiency, and profound insights into complex biological processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.txt,ave_3,2024_3.txt,"Representative carbon nanobelts, segment molecules of carbon nanotubes, which are gaining attention for their unique structures and properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_8.png,C,"Food insecurity, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_3.txt,ave_2,21_3.txt,"Full of fibre, inspired by the Review p101.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_11.txt,allv2,18_11.txt,"Dietary fibre, inspired by the Review on p301.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,ave_3,22_1.txt,test
Cell Reports Methods,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Takahashi et al. assemble differentiated hindgut and mesodermal cells to generate organoids that recapitulate
tubular macromorphology of the human intestine in vitro. The cover image depicts the assembled intestinal tubules, with hindgut and mesodermal
cells labeled in green and red, respectively. Image credit: Junichi Takahashi and
Tomohiro Mizutani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,ave_3,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Liang et al. present a static suspension culture-based
method for differentiation of human PSC-derived pancreatic islets. The cover image
shows the resulting islets composed of multiple cell types. Image credit: Jia Zhao
and Shenghui Liang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kowalczewski et al. present a single-organoid analytics workflow that integrates micropatterning-based
organoid engineering and machine learning techniques to evaluate the impact of micropatterned
geometric designs on cardiac organoid properties. Cover image of a human cardiac organoid
is courtesy of Zhen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.txt,multiBv1,4_7.txt,test
Molecular Plant,17_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_8.png,A,"On the cover: Forest trees, serving as foundational components of terrestrial ecosystems, play
a crucial and leading role in combating and mitigating the adverse effects of extreme
climate events. The genus Populus is among the world’s most widely distributed and cultivated trees and has been firmly
established as the primary model system of forest tree species. Despite their ecological
and economic importance, relatively few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms
and connections between genome evolution and adaptive innovations within the genus.
The cover image illustrates the utilization of pan-genomic data (through virtual DNA-like
routes) as navigational maps to discover and explore the “New World” of genomic variations
at the genus level, and to facilitate precise examination of the evolution of genomic
landscape that underpins the remarkable environmental adaptability and phenotypic
diversity of poplar species across diverse continents, climates, and habitats. Image
by Xinyue Hu, Mengke Yu, Tingting Shi and Jing Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_8.txt,groundtruth,17_8.txt,"On The Cover Radish pan-genome, which represents a genus-level pan-genome of Raphanus, provides new insights into genome evolution underlying post-polyploid diploidization
and lays the foundation for genetic improvement of radish crops, biological control
of weeds, and conservation of wild germplasms. The radish pan-genome was constructed
through de novo genome assemblies of eleven accessions covering most of typical sub-species and varieties
of domesticated, wild and weedy radishes from East Asia, South Asia, Europe and America.
The cover image illustrates that the pan-genome is made up of the genomes of diverse
radish accessions. The elves symbolize the chromosome-associated proteins that play
important roles in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin modifications, and genome
integrity maintenance. Image by: Jing Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_1.txt,ave_3,14_1.txt,"On the cover: Poplar is a model for studying woody plants, but the structure and development of
secondary vascular tissue in the woody stems remain largely unknown. The cover image
illustrates the poplar tree stem in the carton style. An open window on the tree stem
discloses the anatomy structure of secondary vascular tissue, which includes two meristematic-like
cell pools, the rectangle shape procambium–like cells that are located inside the
phloem domain and the fusiform cambium zone cells that are located in the cambium
zone domain. A kid is sitting in front of the tree stem and trying to figure out what
is going on inside the tree stem, reflecting the youth's curiosity and passion on
tree study. Image by Yichen Wang and Juan Du. Yichen Wang and Juan Du designed the
cover, and Yichen Wang drew the image.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_9.txt,multiBv1,16_9.txt,"On The Cover Many important crops have complex autopolyploid genomes, from which the identification
of agronomically important genes is relatively difficult. OutcrossSeq was developed
to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations in root (sweet
potato, autopolyploidy), tree (walnut tree, highly heterozygous diploidy) and hybrid
crops (double-cross populations), enabling precise identification of genomic loci
underlying important agronomic traits. The cover image illustrates the walnut as the
representative of economically important trees and the prototype of sweet potato that
is conceptually inspired by “The Metamorphosis of the Plants” from Johann Wolfgang
Von Goethe. Image by: Yiqiao Xun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_9.txt,allv2,14_9.txt,val
Science Signaling,2007_416,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_416.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week, the journal focuses on neuroscience (see Editorial Guide ) and features a Research Article that identifies a protein interaction network of the GTPase Rhes in the striatum that may regulate motor control. The image shows an abstract rendition of regional networks in the brain. [Image: airiesummer/iStockphoto.com]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_454.txt,multiBv1,9_454.txt,"ONLINE COVERThis week, Niu et al. show that an axon-to-soma signaling mechanism mediated by the kinases DLK and JNK3 is dependent on their coincident palmitoylation. The image is of mouse retinal tissue after optic nerve crush injury, stained for JNK3 (green) and phosphorylated c-Jun (red). Retinal ganglion cells are stained cyan. Image: Niu et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/15_727.txt,sbert,15_727.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Izquierdo-Villalba et al. report that anterograde trafficking of mitochondria in neurons requires the binding of the G protein Gαq to the mitochondrial protein Alex3. The image shows how Alex3 deficiency in neurons stunts dendritic outgrowth and branching.  Credit: Izquierdo-Villalba et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/17_822.txt,allv2,17_822.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective about signals that specify axons and dendrites. The image shows that active Rit (a GTPase) is more abundant in the axon, where it contributes to the growth of this neuronal process. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_416.txt,groundtruth,2007_416.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_6.png,A,"A warm Earth-sized planet ready for characterization
SPECULOOS-3 b is an Earth-sized planet around a cool (2,800 K) red dwarf 16.8 parsecs away. Orbiting in only 17 hours and thus highly irradiated, it is one of the most favourable rocky planets for characterization — for example by JWST — also because of the unusual quiet state of its star.
See Gillon et al.
Image: Lionel Garcia, Flatiron Institute. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Taking a comet’s temperature
The Rosetta mission obtained high-resolution temperature maps of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as it approached the Sun. The nucleus appears quite uniform, with observed temporal variations being driven by a shallow active layer at the surface, indicative of a pristine interior below depths of a few metres.
See Tosi et al.
IMAGE: INAF/ASI/DLR. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,"Arrival at Bennu
The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft has begun reconnoitring near-Earth asteroid Bennu. The first results unveil a global composition dominated by hydrated minerals, a diverse surface with an abundance of boulders and a shape indicative of continuous surficial change throughout its history.
See Scheeres et al.
Image: asteroid: NASA/Goddard/University of Arizona; overlay: The OSIRIS-REx Team. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_9.txt,multiBv1,3_9.txt,"Warm water cycle reprocesses interstellar matter
The JWST detection of highly excited rotational lines from the hydroxyl radical in an irradiated planet-forming disk indicates an active water cycle in the disk upper layers. This cycle could process the Earth’s oceans’ worth of material in weeks, resetting diagnostic isotope ratios, for instance.
See Zannese et al.
Image: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), the PDRs4All ERS Team . Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_8.txt,sbert,8_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.png,B,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"Off-the-shelf cell therapies for patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p10.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"Cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, inspired by the Review on p792.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_1.txt,ave_2,18_1.txt,"Selecting immunotherapy regimens for lung cancer, inspired by the Review on p625.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_3.txt,ave_3,18_3.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_6.png,D,"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vector-programmed MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells can facilitate complete replication arrest of primary simian immunodeficiency
virus infection with subsequent viral clearance. On pages 287–304, Louis Picker and
colleagues review recent findings evaluating CMV vector vaccines and their potential
to elicit superior efficacy against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Image
credit: ekazansk/iStock/Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/44_11.txt,multiBv1,44_11.txt,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,sbert,42_5.txt,"In autoimmune disease there is crosstalk between the cytokines that sustain inflammation.
Because cytokines act in a network, it has been difficult to target individual cytokines
in disease therapy. On pages 120–128, Zhang and colleagues describe how bioinformatics
tools might be used to understand and predict cytokine behavior in autoimmune disease,
insights into which may allow design of more effective cytokine-targeted therapy for
disease. Cover image courtesy of Xuebin Liu, GSK R&D, Shanghai",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/34_10.txt,allv2,34_10.txt,"VAV1 is a positive regulator of TCR activation and cytokine production in
primary human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Loss/suppression of VAV1 can mitigate disease
phenotypes in arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or colitis mouse
models. On pages 580–596, Neurath and Berg suggest that targeting VAV1 may hold
therapeutic potential in T and T/B cell-mediated autoimmune and chronic inflammatory
diseases. The illustration represents the battle that unfolds between a dragon destroying
a city (host), and a knight. The scene symbolizes self-reactive T cells (dragon) in
autoimmunity, inflammation (flames), and the potential of drug targeting (knight),
in this
case VAV1. Image credit: Darrison Haftarczyk.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,test
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.png,D,"Asymmetric catalysis, cascade reactions, C,H-activation, catalytic conversion of renewable resources, collected natural product synthesis, late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_4.txt,ave_3,2016_4.txt,A new ruthenium catalytic system was developed for the construction of a C(sp2)−Se bond with the assistance of directing groups. The convenient late-stage selenylation of bioactive molecules has also been demonstrated.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2016_12.txt,ave_2,2016_12.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Ruthenium-catalyzed novel (Z)-3-ferrocenylideneisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one compounds were synthesized by the ortho-CH activation of benzoic acid and ferrocenyl styrene in the presence of green solvent water. Exploring the transformation of benzoic acid and styrene into crude products leads to transformation into bioactive compounds 1,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_3.png,D,"CRISPR-driven genetic circuits have offered promising solutions to
burgeoning challenges in RNA sensing. In pages 1601–1614 of this issue, Jiang and
colleagues discuss cutting-edge developments in CRISPR-powered RNA sensors
in vivo, in addition to providing new insights on the future development of these
programmable RNA sensors. Cover image from Baojun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_1.txt,multiBv1,42_1.txt,"The nano toolbox can offer technologies to develop personalized
vaccines for the future. In pages 1195–1212 of this issue, Azharuddin et al. discuss how
emerging nanoscale vaccines can overcome some of the roadblocks associated with
vaccine development. The nano strategy can also solve some longstanding problems
related to lack of effectiveness and safety risks. Cover image conceptualised and
designed by Hirak K Patra and Tuhin Subhra Sarkar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/40_4.txt,allv2,40_4.txt,"Interfacing microfluidic platforms with mass spectrometry holds considerable promise
to revolutionize a clinician's toolbox in addressing noncommunicable diseases. In
pages 954–970 of this issue, Pedde and colleagues discuss how microfluidics offers
transformative solutions to streamline sample preparation for analysis by mass spectrometry,
providing a potential catalyst in the clinical translation of novel proteomic biomarker
assays. Cover image from Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (Mohsen Akbari).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/35_3.txt,sbert,35_3.txt,"Incorporating AI with protein corona studies in lipid nanoparticle research
could help to forecast novel or unexplored formulations that yield targeted coronas.
In
pages 1215–1217 of this issue, Behzadi and Mahmoudi discuss how these approaches
can create desired biological responses and pharmacokinetic profiles. Cover image
from Tina Hofmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,val
Nature Synthesis,3_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_11.png,C,"Synthetic space prediction
Incorporating transition-state knowledge into a machine learning model allows accurate enantioselectivity prediction for asymmetric pallada-electrocatalysed C–H activation reactions. This approach enables the mapping of a large synthetic space and provides insight into the selectivity of these reactions.
See Xu et al.
Image: Li-Cheng Xu and Xin Hong, Zhejiang University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_9.txt,sbert,2_9.txt,"Anisotropic 2D metals
Elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientations are grown using a confined 2D template, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy. The anisotropic 2D metals are demonstrated as switching elements.
See Kim et al.
Image: Wooyoung Shim, Yonsei University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/4_1.txt,ave_1,4_1.txt,"A retrosynthetic approach for nanoparticles
Retrosynthetic analysis is used for the synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. The strategy involves the design and synthesis of core–shell nanoparticle precursors which are annealed, giving the desired alloy.
See Kar et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_11.txt,groundtruth,3_11.txt,"High-entropy materials in a laser pulse
Laser scanning ablation creates a library of high-entropy nanoparticles, including alloys, oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides and borides, at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The laser ablates metal salt precursors, enabling the formation of nanoparticles within nanoseconds. The confinement of laser energy to microregions enables nanoparticles to form on various substrates, even thermally-sensitive substrates.
See Wang et al.
Image: Bing Wang, Nanjing University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,test
Trends in Genetics,40_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_7.png,C,"Young neurons tend to be more adaptable than older neurons. However, the molecular
mechanisms governing this plasticity have not been largely defined. On pages 65–78
in this issue, McLaughlin and Broihier discuss the role of FoxO proteins in establishing
cell type, morphological and synaptic plasticity in neurons. The cover image shows
two young (and foxy!) foxes playing on top of the dendritic arbor of a Drosophila
sensory neuron. Cover art courtesy James Ferguson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/34_13.txt,ave_2,34_13.txt,"The brain is a genetic ‘mosaic’ comprising a patchwork of cells with
distinct DNA sequences. In this issue, Sahib Sran, Amanda Ringland, and Tracy
Bedrosian describe sources of genomic diversity that contribute to building the mosaic
brain. Expanding beyond the period of neurodevelopment, they consider complex
origins of brain mosaicism that arise throughout the entire lifespan from embryogenesis
through aging. Image credit: erhui1979/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_4.txt,allv2,40_4.txt,"The neuronal composition that makes up our brains is relatively stable
from shortly after birth to adulthood. However, these post-mitotic neurons continue
to
undergo property changes throughout the lifespan. In this issue, Gabrielle Prince,
Molly
Reynolds, Verdion Martina, and HaoSheng Sun describe recent characterizations of the
functional and molecular changes that neurons undergo across postnatal development
and discuss cell-intrinsic versus cell-extrinsic mechanisms in the regulation of neuronal
maturation. Illustration by Dalton Patterson, Sharrell Greene, and Gabrielle Prince.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_7.txt,groundtruth,40_7.txt,"The generation of neural diversity is important for proper brain function. On pages
933–942 in this issue, Syed et al., discuss how extrinsic cues regulate neural progenitor temporal identity in Drosophila
and mammals with a focus on recent results from Drosophila. The cover image shows
a Drosophila melanogaster larvae, 20 hours after larval hatching stained using the
multi-color flip-out method (MCFO). MCFO was driven by the pan-neuronal driver, ELAV.
Image courtesy of Mubarak Hussain Syed, Laurina Manning and Chris Doe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/33_1.txt,sbert,33_1.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_7.png,D,"Forest carbon dynamics
Forests take up and store large amounts of carbon but are vulnerable to disturbances, such as this forest in West Virginia that is recovering from major deforestation and livestock grazing. In light of the growing importance of forests in the context of climate change, in this issue we present research and opinion pieces on the theme of forest carbon dynamics and their use in climate mitigation.
See Forest Carbon collection
Image: Les Miller/Courtesy TNC. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/11_8.txt,allv2,11_8.txt,"Carbon services of wild animals
Wild animals could provide substantial climate benefits through their effect on carbon storage in ecosystems, however they are not widely recognized in existing carbon markets. Writing in this issue, Fabio Berzaghi and co-authors explore the feasibility of including wild animal services into financial markets, as well as potential caveats and challenges. The authors argue that this method could help to bridge the funding gap to combat biodiversity loss and climate change.
See Berzaghi et al.
Image: G. Merrill / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_6.txt,ave_2,12_6.txt,"Peat fire emissions and degradation
Northern peatlands are carbon-dense ecosystems, yet the future of their carbon stocks is uncertain. In this issue, Wilkinson et al. used data from natural, degraded and restored peatlands in boreal and temperate regions to show that wildfire reduced peatland carbon uptake and enhanced emissions from degraded peatlands. Without active peatland restoration, climate change will accelerate peatland emissions and weaken the resilience of this carbon sink.
See Wilkinson et al.
Image: Maydays/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_8.txt,ave_3,13_8.txt,"Birds aid forest restoration
Forest restoration has gained global interest as a tool to increase carbon storage, while also improving biodiversity and human well-being. Writing in this issue, Bello and colleagues investigate the role of seed-dispersing frugivores in determining species composition and carbon storage potential in regenerating forests. They show that large birds disperse seeds with higher storage potential, but that movement of these birds can be largely limited by forest fragmentation.
See Bello et al.
Image: Mathias M. Pires, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_7.txt,groundtruth,14_7.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.png,B,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,ave_1,2023_1.txt,molecular fingerprint,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,Self-assembled monolayers on gold with water are imaged using an atomic force microscope where a laser tracks the cantilever as it scans the surface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.png,A,"Elemental iron is effective in simultaneous removal of co-existing TcVII and CrVI from contaminated streams when the Fe0/(CrVII + TcVI) molar ratio exceeds 106. Elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) inhibit Fe0 oxidation and removal of contaminants. This cover features work from Drs. Yelena Katsenovich, Florida International University, and Tatiana Levitskaia and Hilary Emerson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The original artwork was created by Nathan Johnson, an illustrator at PNNL.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,SEM image of the ferrihydrite added to the radioiodine-contaminated sediment samples in the column sorption and transport experiments. The SEM image was taken by Odeta Qafoku (PNNL).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.txt,allv2,2024_11.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,ave_3,2023_10.txt,train
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.png,D,"Non-covalent interactions between pesticides and carriers in pesticide controlled-release systems significantly impact the system's stability, stimulus responsiveness, loading capacity, and physicochemical properties of pesticides, such as hydrogen-bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and supramolecular host–guest interactions. Modifying multiple assembly sites on carriers or combining various carriers to construct a new type of pesticide controlled-release system with multiple non-covalent bond interactions can play a more significant role in the development of green agriculture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"With the integrated advantages of satisfactory imprinting/stamping capability and enhanced ion production, this AuNP-hPDA-TDNT substrate-based SALDI-MSI exhibits remarkable performance in mapping",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_12.txt,ave_2,2023_12.txt,Agri-food-based applications of different essential-oil-based nanocarriers. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_2.txt,ave_3,2022_2.txt,"The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,val
Journal of Proteome Research,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_1.png,C,A proteomic analysis of plasma samples using data-independent acquisition (DIA) methodology was conducted to shed light on the pathogenesis of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_3.txt,multiBv1,2024_3.txt,"Shotgun Proteomics Analysis of Saliva and Salivary Gland Tissue from the Common Octopus Octopus vulgaris (Fingerhut, L.C.H.W.; Strugnell, J.M.; Faou, P.; Labiaga, A.R.; Zhang, J.; Cooke, I.R., J. Proteome Res. 2018, 17(11), 3866-3876.) Background image: SHUTTERSTOCK View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2018_2.txt,allv2,2018_2.txt,Data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis conducted on children’s saliva identified characteristic proteins in caries-susceptible children prior to caries development. Keratin 3 (KRT3) and mucin 21 (MUC21) were established and further validated as a protein panel for predicting early childhood caries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Picking up contaminant proteins from the proteome ocean. New protein contaminant FASTA and spectral libraries were established and were proven to benefit both DDA and DIA proteomics. New contaminant protein libraries are freely available and should be included in all bottom-up proteomics data analysis pipelines. Cover art designed by the Ling Hao research group and completed by the Robert Gates Graphics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_4.txt,ave_2,2022_4.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_12.png,C,"Polymer nanoparticles (polymersomes) are decorated with estradiol as the ligand for selectively targeting the overexpressed estrogen receptors on the surface of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. The polymersomes enter the cells, disintegrate, release the encapsulated drug, and kill the breast cancer cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_2.txt,multiBv1,2020_2.txt,"Highlighting outstanding work related to contemporary nanomedicine research in Canada, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics has published this special issue titled",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_7.txt,allv2,2022_7.txt,"Molecular dynamics simulations unveil cisplatin delivery by carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in breast cancer cells. CNH cellular intake was kinetically sluggish; however, it might enhance the retention effect, improving the bioavailability of cisplatin in the tumor cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"MDR transporters are responsible for the active drug efflux in resistant cancer cells, thereby leading to chemotherapy failure. To overcome the transporter-mediated drug efflux (typically, by nanotechnology) has become a major avenue for MDR cancer therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2014_5.txt,ave_2,2014_5.txt,train
Science Translational Medicine,17_786,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_786.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Taking Diabetes Down a Notch. The image shows a cross-section of pancreas from a healthy mouse exposed to anti-serpinB13 monoclonal antibodies during embryonic development. Kryvalap et al. found that antibody-mediated inhibition of serpinB13 decreased Notch signaling and increased pancreatic progenitor cell formation in mice, resulting in enhanced β cell mass as indicated by increased staining for insulin (pink) and resistance to streptozocin-induced diabetes later in adulthood. Presence of anti-serpinB13 autoantibodies was associated with delayed type 1 diabetes in children, hinting at the prophylactic potential of targeting serpinB13 in humans. [CREDIT: KRYVALAP ET ALMAC_Bench/Science TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/13_588.txt,ave_1,13_588.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Moving Beyond β Testing. Dressed in the colors of the season, the stem cell–derived pancreatic β cells shown on this week's cover produce insulin and develop into human islet-like structures. In this week's Perspective, Bruin et al. discuss recent advances that have spurred new optimism for a cell-based therapy for diabetes as well as remaining challenges that hamper the translation of stem cell–derived pancreatic β cells to the clinic. [CREDIT: H. LIPIN/SAN DIEGO UNION TRIBUNE/ZUMA PRESS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/7_316.txt,allv2,7_316.txt,"ONLINE COVER Infant Islets at Risk. A sensitization period exists prior to development of autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. Shown here is an antigen-presenting cell (red) activating a β cell–specific T cell (white and green). Heninger et al. found that children who eventually became diabetic had a population of preprimed autoreactive T cells detectable as early as 6 months of age. These results suggest that cues dictating the development of autoimmunity are happening even earlier than previously thought, potentially narrowing the window for prevention. [CREDIT: PAOLO MONTI, RCCS SAN RAFFAELE SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/9_378.txt,sbert,9_378.txt,"ONLINE COVER Identity Crisis. The cover shows YFP (green), insulin (red, overlap with YFP in yellow), and a DNA counterstain (blue) in the pancreas of a 3-week-old mouse model of Wolfram syndrome (WS) lacking the Wfs1 gene. WS is an inherited disorder that results in multiple systemic symptoms including pancreatic β cell loss. Amo-Shiinoki et al. found that although WS mice were born with substantial insulin-producing β cells, as pictured, progressive dedifferentiation of β cells occurred after weaning, resulting in a mixed population of insulin- and glucagon-producing cells. The β cell lineage loss was attributable to impaired oxidative glycolysis and lowered adenosine triphosphate content, and was targetable by deletion of the endoplasmic reticulum stress–response protein Txnip. This study increases our understanding of mechanisms of β cell loss and highlights a potential therapeutic strategy for WS. Credit: Amo-Shiinoki et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_786.txt,groundtruth,17_786.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_5.png,A,"Mitochondrial and nuclear gene co-evolution
In this issue, Mei Tao, Jiani Chen, Chunlai Cui, Yandong Xu et al. analyze the co-evolution of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in 472 insects and identify a group of non-mitochondria-targeted nuclear genes that potentially co-function with mtOXPHOS genes. Their discovery includes the uncharacterized gene CG11837 — a putative ortholog of human DIMT1 — that regulates insect lifespan. The cover image shows a collection of insect species, illustrating the diversity of animals in this class that contributed to this study.
See Tao et al.
Image: Lauren Heslop. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_5.txt,groundtruth,4_5.txt,"Mitochondria in the spotlight
In this issue, Berry and colleagues use an optogenetics approach to oppose the age-associated decline in the membrane potential of mitochondria with a light-activated proton pump, and show that it increases both the healthspan and lifespan of worms. The issue cover evokes the experimental paradigm used in the study with light being shone onto a mitochondrion, placing the organelle in the spotlight.
See Berry et al.
Cover image: Sciepro/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_11.txt,multiBv1,3_11.txt,"Brain mitophagy delays systemic aging
In this issue, Schmid and colleagues demonstrate that the cellular clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, via mitophagy, is compromised in the aging fruit fly brain. Genetic overexpression of neuronal BNIP3, a protein involved in the induction of mitophagy, was shown to delay systemic aging in the fruit flies. The cover illustrates engulfment of dysfunctional mitochondria in the brain for removal via mitophagy to promote healthy aging and depicts the fruit fly as the model organism.
See Schmid et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Lautrup and Fang
Cover image: Dr. Leila Fletcher. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_5.png,C,Exposure to an Environmental Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,Application of Stable Isotope-Labeled Compounds in Metabolism and in Metabolism-Mediated Toxicity Studies. See article on pp 1672–1689. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2008_4.txt,allv2,2008_4.txt,"Mn(III) chloride (TDCPP) can be used as an abiotic CYP enzyme for the metabolic activation of genotoxic chemicals, such as cyclophosphamide, in in vitro cell-based bioassays as an animal-free alternative to rat liver microsomes or S9 fraction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,Toxic Products Derived from Polyamine Catabolism and Interconversion. See Review on pp 1782–1800.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2013_1.txt,sbert,2013_1.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_4.png,C,"The generation of neural diversity is important for proper brain function. On pages
933–942 in this issue, Syed et al., discuss how extrinsic cues regulate neural progenitor temporal identity in Drosophila
and mammals with a focus on recent results from Drosophila. The cover image shows
a Drosophila melanogaster larvae, 20 hours after larval hatching stained using the
multi-color flip-out method (MCFO). MCFO was driven by the pan-neuronal driver, ELAV.
Image courtesy of Mubarak Hussain Syed, Laurina Manning and Chris Doe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/33_1.txt,ave_3,33_1.txt,"Throughout the life of an individual, somatic cells may accumulate genetic changes,
thus creating a mosaic of cell clones with different genotypes. Although it is clear
that somatic mosaicism is widespread during normal development and aging, its influence
on disease risks remains poorly understood. On pages 217–223 of this issue, Subhajyoti
De discusses the origins, prevalence and implications of somatic mosaicism in healthy
human tissues. The cover picture is a close-up of a mosaic representing an Ancient
Greece woman. Photo credit: Antonio M. Rosario/ The Image Bank/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_7.txt,allv2,27_7.txt,"The brain is a genetic ‘mosaic’ comprising a patchwork of cells with
distinct DNA sequences. In this issue, Sahib Sran, Amanda Ringland, and Tracy
Bedrosian describe sources of genomic diversity that contribute to building the mosaic
brain. Expanding beyond the period of neurodevelopment, they consider complex
origins of brain mosaicism that arise throughout the entire lifespan from embryogenesis
through aging. Image credit: erhui1979/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_4.txt,groundtruth,40_4.txt,"The neuronal composition that makes up our brains is relatively stable
from shortly after birth to adulthood. However, these post-mitotic neurons continue
to
undergo property changes throughout the lifespan. In this issue, Gabrielle Prince,
Molly
Reynolds, Verdion Martina, and HaoSheng Sun describe recent characterizations of the
functional and molecular changes that neurons undergo across postnatal development
and discuss cell-intrinsic versus cell-extrinsic mechanisms in the regulation of neuronal
maturation. Illustration by Dalton Patterson, Sharrell Greene, and Gabrielle Prince.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_7.txt,multiBv1,40_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.png,D,"COVER: Arrhythmia, inspired by the Comment on p270.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_8.txt,allv2,22_8.txt,"Loopy, inspired by the Review on p550.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_4.txt,sbert,22_4.txt,"‘Coronavirus Storm’, inspired by the Review on p363.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"Storm, inspired by the Perspective on p912.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_8.png,B,"A comprehensive proteomics screen reveals that the m6A RNA modification attracts and repels factors that control mammalian mRNA homeostasis. Cover by Erin Dewalt, image from Yon Marsh / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 870)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_3.txt,multiBv1,24_3.txt,"Mechanisms of RNA processing and splicing
In this issue, we feature studies investigating RNA processing, including mechanisms of mRNA splicing, biogenesis of the splicing machinery, decoding of mRNA by the ribosome, and deadenylation of mRNA for degradation.
See Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Fabio Pagani / Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_8.txt,groundtruth,31_8.txt,"Cotranslational cuts to mRNA
Using a novel approach, Akron-Seq, Mourelatos and colleagues show that mRNAs are subject to ribothrypsis: repeated, cotranslational, endonucleolytic cuts at the ribosome exit channel.
See Ibrahim et al.
Image: Cover Art by Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_9.txt,allv2,25_9.txt,"Long noncoding RNAs use structural mimicry
Two studies by Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang uncover a Père David’s deer-like design for the long noncoding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, respectively, which partially mimic tRNA structure to recruit specific tRNA-processing enzymes during their maturation.
See Skeparnias et al. and Skeparnias and Zhang
Image credit: Jeremy Inglis / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_2.txt,sbert,31_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.png,C,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_2,2024_7.txt,"Two-way shape memory alloy wideband reconfigurable compound antenna using double spiral technology thermally actuating between its flat state and extended (conical) state to optimize its radio-frequency performance between satellite communication signals and telecommunication signals: This is accurately showing the functionality of the antenna, as no other direct moving parts are needed for the antenna to change states. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The self-densification of h-BN particles could be achieved at a significantly low temperature. This strategy opens up new application possibilities in ultra-fine thermally conductive systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_1.png,A,"Method of the Year 2024: spatial proteomics
Spatial proteomics is our pick for Method of the Year 2024. The cover illustrates cellular neighborhoods within tumors, revealing the diverse and complex microenvironments that shape tumor biology.
See Editorial
Image: Elham Karimi and Simon Milette, Walsh and Quail Labs, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Method of the Year: spatially resolved transcriptomics
Our choice for the 2020 Method of the Year is spatially resolved transcriptomics. The cover depicts an example of data generated by spatially resolved transcriptomics technology. Middle layer: H&E-stained small intestine section. Bottom layer: mRNA capture platform (for example, barcoded microarray or beads). Top layer: RNA-seq data from the small intestine section.
See Editorial
Image: Ludvig Larsson, Natalie Stakenborg, Joakim Lundeberg and Guy Boeckxstaens Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/18_12.txt,allv2,18_12.txt,"Cancer biology revealed with multiplexed imaging and spatial omics
Spatial omics and multiplexed imaging technologies are revealing cancer cell heterogeneity (red and purple cells) within a complex tumor microenvironment (blue, green and black cells).
See Lewis et al.
Image: Sabrina Lewis, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,"Mass spectrometry–based targeted proteomics, our choice for Method of the Year 2012, is allowing biologists to follow sets of proteins with high sensitivity, reliability and quantitative accuracy. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Special feature starts on p19.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/10_12.txt,ave_2,10_12.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_10.png,D,"Justly valued as sites of exceptional biological diversity, coral reefs are nonetheless
vulnerable to abrupt changes in community composition. These sudden phase shifts between
different stable ecological communities can be induced by a range of environmental
changes, including global warming leading to the bleaching seen here at Great Keppel
Island on the Great Barrier Reef. On pp. 633–642 of this issue, Terry Hughes and colleagues
examine the state of our knowledge of coral reef phase shifts in the context of preventing
or reversing these potentially disastrous changes. Image supplied by Ove Hoegh-Guldberg.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_2.txt,ave_2,25_2.txt,"Understanding the resilience of coral reefs to climate change is a major concern amongst
marine ecologists. But despite the global importance of reefs, the theory of reef
resilience has largely been developed for just one region; the Caribbean. On pp. 404
– 413 of this issue, George Roff and Peter Mumby not only consider variation in resilience
in other regions, they examine factors that might predispose a particular region to
be resilient or susceptible to local disturbance and climate change . The cover image
shows an Acropora dominated Indo-Pacific reef (Palau, Micronesia) that has undergone rapid recovery
following coral bleaching in 1998. (Image courtesy of George Roff).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/27_6.txt,allv2,27_6.txt,"The ability of an ecosystem to re-organise and return to its original state (resilience)
has received great attention in recent years. In this month's Feature Issue we introduce
some points of further discussion: specifically what resilience actually means; what
the concept means for conservation in the 21st century, and the linked, but less considered
idea that ecosystems might sometimes absorb disturbance and not change (resistance).
The cover shows one of the species studied in the context of resilience and resistance,
the leafy seadragon, Phycodurus eques, found in restricted locations on Australia's
south coast. Photo: Jeffrey Jeffords.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_4.txt,ave_3,30_4.txt,"Atoll islands, such as Teti'aroa, French Polynesia, pictured here,
are often perceived as inevitably lost due to rising sea levels. On pages 258–266,
Sebastian Steibl and colleagues argue for protecting and restoring the processes of
atoll island accretion. Local conservation actions, along with reductions in greenhouse
gas emissions, are key to unlocking nature-based opportunities for enhancing atoll
resilience to global change. Photo credit: Tetiaroa Society info@tetiaroasociety.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_10.txt,groundtruth,39_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_10.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_12.txt,ave_2,23_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p169.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/23_10.txt,allv2,23_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on 165.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,"Inspired by the Review on page 453
Cover Design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_6.txt,sbert,19_6.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_5.png,A,A molecular CO2 storage provided a platform to investigate an equation of state of a single-molecule gas as well as property-modulation of an open-[60]fullerene host by the densely packed CO2 molecule.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Amino acids will be observed remotely, the diffuse interstellar bands will be linked to molecular carriers, and direct spectral observations of exoplanetary atmospheres will produce clear chemical signals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"The cover illustrates the different structure of a mixed ionic liquid at a gold electrode surface compared to its bulk structure. A higher density of [C4mim]+ cations reside on the surface, represented by blue/green molecules, compared to [C4mpyrr]+ cations, shown as red molecules, despite many more [C4mpyrr]+ ions present in the bulk. Electricity shows the conversion of oxygen to superoxide in the electric double layer, which was used as an electrochemical probe to understand the surface structure.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_1.txt,ave_3,2022_1.txt,"Combined experimental and theoretical studies have revealed hidden reaction pathways in the CF3+ + CO collision reaction. Although energetically feasible reaction pathways exist, the actual reaction does not proceed along some of them. Here, the nonstatistical energy distribution in the first transition state reached in the collision plays an important role.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_2.txt,allv2,2022_2.txt,val
Molecular Plant,18_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_2.png,C,"On the cover: Climate change poses great challenges to local, regional, and global agricultural
ecosystems and food security through rising air temperatures and causing more frequent
extreme whether events in the globe. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related
stresses will be crucial to crop productivity and quality under climate-changed environments.
The cover image illustrates two extremely contrasting scenarios that may happen on
Earth, with the left one showing that global warming causes severe drought stress
and affects global maize production, while the right one showing that large-scale
cultivation of climate-resilient and resource-saving crops such as maize suitable
for current and future cropping systems on Earth, owing to the development of plant
sciences and technologies, may not only improve the Earth's ecosystems but also boost
crop yields to ensure global food security even under future climate change.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_3.txt,ave_2,16_3.txt,"On The Cover As a key food crop, wheat has been attractive by its large and complex genome together
with polyploid nature. Emerging de novo genome assemblies in Triticeae and rapid accumulation of whole-genome sequencing
data are leading to a paradigm shift in wheat research. Fast moving into the pan-genomic
and post-genomic era, researchers are speeding up exploiting the flooding wheat genomic
data in diverse dimensions with innovations in methodology and perspective. More profound
insights are promised in the wheat genome concerning the domestication, diversification
and improvement in the new decade of wheat research. The cover caption was provided
by Dr. Weilong Guo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_1.txt,ave_3,13_1.txt,"On the cover: Crop research and breeding are crucial for ensuring global food security. To provide
adequate food for a growing global population, multiple challenges must be tackled
by innovative fundamental research and new technologies/strategies for breeding climate-resilient
and high-quality crops with optimal yields. In this issue, a series of authoritative
Perspectives on “Crop2035” are published to provide holistic and strategic visions
and solutions on next decadal research and breeding of some staple crops. The cover
image illustrates the landscape of the globe and major cultivated crops that will
be studied and engineered with advanced technologies in the coming years.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_2.txt,groundtruth,18_2.txt,"On the cover: Climate change poses great challenges to local, regional, and global agricultural
ecosystems and food security through rising air temperatures and causing more frequent
extreme whether events in the globe. Crop varieties that withstand climate-related
stresses will be crucial to crop productivity and quality under climate-changed environments.
The cover image illustrates two extremely contrasting scenarios that may happen on
Earth, with the left one showing that global warming causes severe drought stress
and affects global maize production, while the right one showing that large-scale
cultivation of climate-resilient and resource-saving crops such as maize suitable
for current and future cropping systems on Earth, owing to the development of plant
sciences and technologies, may not only improve the Earth's ecosystems but also boost
crop yields to ensure global food security even under future climate change.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_4.txt,allv2,16_4.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_4.png,B,"Most neurodegenerative disorders involve protein misfolding and the aggregation of
specific proteins. Targeting autophagy through selective degradation of abnormally
folded proteins by the lysosomal pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy. However,
autophagy impairment may also contribute to neurodegenerative processes. Thus, a complex
scenario is emerging where autophagy may play a dual role in neurodegenerative diseases
by causing the downstream effect of promoting the degradation of misfolded proteins
and an upstream effect where its deregulation perturbs global proteostasis, contributing
to disease progression. In this issue, René Vidal, Soledad Matus, Leslie Bargsted,
and Claudio Hetz discuss challenges in the future development of therapeutic strategies
to target the autophagy pathway. Cover image courtesy of Sergio Cifuentes Mena.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/35_2.txt,sbert,35_2.txt,"Autoantibody binding is central to autoimmune diseases and broadly
linked to cancer, infections, and behavioural disorders. The lack of understanding
of disease-specific epitopes — crucial for pathology and diagnosis — has led to
misclassification of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this issue, Ivan Talucci
and
Hans Michael Maric propose the utilization of newly available technology to decode
epitope landscapes in neurological diseases to unlock new avenues for patient
diagnosis and treatment. They highlight the relevance of B and T cell epitopes for
identifying biomarkers in high-risk patients and discuss how synthetic and cellularsurface
display technologies can improve diagnosis and enable treatments. The
cover image depicts a combination of epitope landscapes decoded from microarray
chip-based experiments. Cover designed by Ivan Talucci and Hans Michael Maric
using Adobe illustrator and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"The August special issue calls attention to both current and emerging neuroimmune
cell and molecular pharmacological targets and therapies for diseases of the central
nervous system (CNS) such as neurodegenerative disorders and glioblastoma. It also
presents discussions on insightful therapeutic approaches that could have significant
impact on future clinical and translational neuroimmunology research. The cover is
an illustration of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, highlighting some
typical and novel drug targets including surface receptors: purinergic (blue), TREM2
(green), CSF1 (brown), fractalkine (dark blue), cannabinoid (orange), cytokine (purple),
and complement (green), involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological
events in the CNS. Featured in the background are other CNS cell types and structures
such as neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, blood vessels, as well as amyloid
beta plaques, misfolded proteins and degenerating myelin sheats, hallmarks associated
with some CNS pathologies. The cover image is conceptualized and designed by Eva Šimončičová
and Elisa Gonçalves de Andrade using Biorender and Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/43_5.txt,allv2,43_5.txt,"The August special issue calls attention to both current and emerging neuroimmune
cell and molecular pharmacological targets and therapies for diseases of the central
nervous system (CNS) such as neurodegenerative disorders and glioblastoma. It also
presents discussions on insightful therapeutic approaches that could have significant
impact on future clinical and translational neuroimmunology research. The cover is
an illustration of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, highlighting some
typical and novel drug targets including surface receptors: purinergic (blue), TREM2
(green), CSF1 (brown), fractalkine (dark blue), cannabinoid (orange), cytokine (purple),
and complement (green), involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological
events in the CNS. Featured in the background are other CNS cell types and structures
such as neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, blood vessels, as well as amyloid
beta plaques, misfolded proteins and degenerating myelin sheats, hallmarks associated
with some CNS pathologies. The cover image is conceptualized and designed by Eva Šimončičová
and Elisa Gonçalves de Andrade using Biorender and Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/43_6.txt,ave_2,43_6.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_3.png,C,"Connecting chikungunya virus across cells
This image shows intercellular extensions induced by chikungunya virus infection of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, stained to detect the viral membrane proteins (red), tubulin (green) and nuclei (blue). Intercellular extensions project from infected cells, form stable contacts with neighbouring cells, and are here shown to promote antibody-resistant intercellular virus transmission in vitro and in vivo.
See Yin et al.
Image: Peiqi Yin, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_4.txt,ave_2,8_4.txt,"Phage for ocean’s SAR11
Morris et al. report the discovery of a virus that is continuously produced by the ocean's most abundant bacteria, SAR11, with enhanced virus production in conditions typical of the open ocean. The image shows the virions (yellow) together with vesicle-like particles (green).
See Morris, R. M. et al.
Image: Kelli L. Hvorecny, University of Washington. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_5.txt,ave_3,5_5.txt,"RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes
The parasitic nematode Brugia malayi (blue) is the causative agent of human lymphatic filariasis. In this issue, Quek et al. show that parasitic nematodes harbour a diverse virome that is associated with seropositivity in vertebrate hosts. In the case of B. malayi, the RNA virus BMRV1 (red) is distributed throughout the reproductive tissues, whereas the bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia (green), is abundant within the nematode’s chord cells.
See Quek et al.
Image: Shannon Quek. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,"Hitchhiker virus in algae
This light micrograph shows colonies and single cells of Phaeocystis globosa, a harmful algal bloom species that grows in marine waters. Colonies are known to evade viral infection, whereas the population dynamics of single cells are strongly controlled by viruses. In this issue, a Polinton-like virus infecting P. globosa was isolated and characterized. This virus, called Gezel-14T, is shown to have a virophage lifestyle — it parasitizes infections of another P. globosa virus, the giant virus PgV-14T.
See Roitman et al.
Image: Corina Brussaard, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_11.txt,allv2,8_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_10.png,A,"On the cover: Xie et al. report their investigation of the oxidative Nazarov reaction and its application
to the collective synthesis of five fusicoccane diterpenoids. To celebrate the Chinese
New Year, a traditional Chinese-style illustration named “Two Loongs Playing with
a Pearl” is presented to indicate that the oxidative Nazarov reaction is a robust
synthetic method and a valuable tool for natural product synthesis. Image by Yan Qiu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"On the cover: The oxygen evolution reaction holds promise for sustainable green hydrogen
production. This portrait depicts the application of refined key design principles
reported by García-Melchor et al. to computationally screen catalysts for this reaction.
By combining a library of organic ligands with earth-abundant metals, the digitally
manufactured complexes led to the identification of three promising Cr-based candidates
for experimental realization, one of which is highlighted in this cover image. Image
by Mr. Eric Mates-Torres, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,"On the Cover: The cover depicts an ultrastable mesoporous hydrogen-bonded organic
framework (HOF) with “shape matching” intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. The
resulting HOF is stable in harsh conditions such as PBS buffer solution and concentrated
acids/bases and is easily fabricated into fiber composite for the photochemical detoxification
of a mustard gas simulant. Image by Dr. Dengke Shen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"On the cover: Bidirectional twisting motion plays vital roles in biological organisms.
Zou et al. introduce a re-foldable origami strategy into artificial muscles, utilizing
different pre-programmed crease patterns to achieve bidirectional twisting. Re-foldable
square-twist artificial muscles derived from re-foldable square-twist origami is demonstrated,
where different twisting directions are induced through difference in torsional resistance
resulting from applying vacuum on two chambers in sequence. The image was created
by Zhongdong Jiao, Chao Zhang, and Jun Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/2_8.txt,sbert,2_8.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.png,A,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The core size, shell thickness and hydrophilicity, interparticle spacing, and total size of the cluster determine the T1 and T2 relaxation effect of IONP-based MRI contrast agents, which can be regulated by internal or external stimuli through their assembly, disassembly, and activation behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_6.txt,ave_3,2023_6.txt,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"Looking plants in the eye: triplex metabolic labeling using monolignol reporters and three bioorthogonal reactions allows the identification of zones that are actively producing lignin in plant cell walls. Allied to super-resolution fluorescence bioimaging techniques like Airyscan microscopy, this method allows the study of individual wall layers and substructures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_5.txt,multiBv1,2023_5.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.png,D,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_3,21_6.txt,"Comorbidities alter antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccine
Kedzierska and colleagues examine the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in Australian First Nations people, a population with a high burden of comorbidities. The artwork depicts the organs affected by chronic disease as five large dots (for heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and brain), surrounded by bush medicine leaves and smaller dots representing the researchers and health professionals sharing information.
See Kedzierska et al.
Image: Zoe Mardijbalina Fitzpatrick – Mardijbalina Art (https://mardijbalinaart.com) Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,ave_2,24_7.txt,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.txt,allv2,26_2.txt,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_6.png,A,"Terahertz-driven electron guns
Artist’s impression of a waveguide-based terahertz-driven photogun that serves as a compact source of high-energy electrons. The design exploits a movable cathode tip and multiple cells to provide an acceleration gradient as high as ~3 GV/m. Using microjoule-level single-cycle terahertz pulses, electron beams with up to ~14 keV electron energy, 1% energy spread and ~0.015 mm mrad transverse emittance are possible.
See Ying et al.
Image: Jianwei Ying and Dongfang Zhang, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_6.txt,groundtruth,18_6.txt,"Terahertz electron accelerators
Artistic image of an electron accelerator that operates by the interaction between single-cycle terahertz pulses and electron bunches. The accelerator is composed of arrays of parallel metal waveguides that feature a dielectric filling in order to phase match the terahertz–electron interaction. It can perform complex, high gradient operations on ultrashort electron bunches.
See Zhang et al.
Image: DESY/Lucid. Berlin. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/12_7.txt,allv2,12_7.txt,"Efficient terahertz free-electron laser
Artistic image of a high-efficiency, single-pass terahertz free-electron laser (THz FEL). Bunches of electrons (small pink spheres) are accelerated inside a tapered helical magnetic undulator (coloured periodic structure) and an inner waveguide with a circular cross-section guides the emitted terahertz radiation. The result is a compact THz FEL with a 10% efficiency of operation at 160 GHz using a 1-m-long undulator.
See Fisher et al. and Yan and Liu
Image: Youna Park, University of California at Los Angeles. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/16_7.txt,ave_3,16_7.txt,"Terahertz accelerators scale up
Artistic impression of a linear relativistic electron accelerator powered by laser-generated, multicycle terahertz pulses. Longitudinal terahertz electric fields propagating through a rectangular dielectric-lined waveguide are phase-velocity matched to the relativistic electron bunches to improve the interaction. The concept could ultimately yield multistaged, high-gradient acceleration of particle beams.
See Jamison et al.
IMAGE: Morgan Hibberd, The Cockcroft Institute COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/14_1.txt,multiBv1,14_1.txt,train
Nature Nanotechnology,19_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_11.png,B,"Switchable non-volatile topological devices
The cover image illustrates the ferroelectric hysteresis loop in doubly aligned magic-angle bilayer graphene. Applying an electric field to this heterostructure injects electrons into the ferroelectric graphene system non-volatilely, enabling quasi-continuous switchable ferroelectric states. This ferroelectricity coexists with the Chern insulator effect, enabling the selective switching of topologically protected quantum edge states, which can support noise-immune neuromorphic computing applications.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist; and Moyu Chen, Nanjing University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_6.txt,multiBv1,19_6.txt,"Electron correlations without a twist
The cover image presents resistance maps of rhombohedral pentalayer graphene as a function of magnetic field and charge density. These maps provide evidence for correlation-driven Chern insulator states in a natural graphitic material. No moiré reconstruction is required.
See Han et al.
Image: Tonghang Han, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_11.txt,groundtruth,19_11.txt,"Helical 1D electronic systems, where the electron spin is locked to its momentum, offer a promising route towards realizing circuits of topological quantum states. Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi, Jason Luo, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, and colleagues have demonstrated a new method to create helical 1D states from quantum Hall edge states by applying magnetic and electric fields to a twisted bilayer graphene device. The advantage of this approach is the ability to build new types of 1D systems that incorporate fractional quantum Hall edge states. The cover image shows a measurement of the resistance of their graphene device at high magnetic fields as a function of electric field and charge density, where the effects of both helical and fractional edge states are observed.
Letter p118
IMAGE: JAVIER SANCHEZ-YAMAGISHI AND JASON LUO, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/12_11.txt,allv2,12_11.txt,"Moiré engineering of graphene’s band structure
A superlattice potential created due to the emergence of the moiré pattern in a lattice-mismatched van der Waals heterostructure has a profound effect on its resulting electronic properties. Nathan R. Finney et al. demonstrate devices consisting of monolayer graphene encapsulated between two crystals of boron nitride and observe multiple moiré patterns that can be created by adjusting the relative twist angle between the layers. Such a control knob can serve to tune the symmetry and electronic properties of the rotated heterostructures. In particular, a highly altered graphene band structure emerges when the three layers are perfectly aligned, manifested by the formation of coexisting long-wavelength moiré patterns. The cover is the artist’s depiction of such coexisting moiré structures.
Letter by Hone et al
IMAGE: Nathan R. Finney, Columbia University. COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/14_2.txt,ave_1,14_2.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_7.png,A,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_7.txt,groundtruth,31_7.txt,"On the cover: Promotion of immune infiltration and activation within the tumor microenvironment
using a tumor-targeting immunostimulant (turquoise peptide-oligo conjugate). In this
issue, Miller et al. (451–462) conjugate an immune-stimulating CpG oligonucleotide
to a unique tumor-targeting peptide that localizes to tumors by binding tumor-associated
integrins (purple receptors). Systemic administration of this tumor-targeted immunostimulant
transforms the tumor immune landscape leading to massive infiltration of T cells (blue
cells) and B cells (purple cells). Cover art by Caitlyn Miller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/29_10.txt,ave_2,29_10.txt,"On the cover: Proximity-induced chemistry is a relatively new technique for developing
protein therapeutics. Cheng et al. provide an overview of the chemical mechanisms and approaches associated with proximity-induced
chemistry. They also present innovative protein drugs developed using this technique
and discuss their therapeutic effectiveness based on pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
The cover symbolizes two proteins (blue and green surface representation) that react
to form a covalent bond in close proximity and ultimately serve as a powerful drug.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_13.txt,ave_3,31_13.txt,"On the cover: Dual targeting of proteins (orange and blue) on the same cell surface
via bispecific antibodies (pink beige) holds great therapeutic promise with novel
modes of action that are rapidly advancing towards the clinic. Oslund et al. review the therapeutic impact of cis-targeting bispecific antibodies (pink beige)
in the clinic and their emerging applications and highlight features for enhancing
cis-targeting bispecific therapeutic development. Cover art created by Yi Zheng (yizhengillustration).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_6.txt,allv2,31_6.txt,test
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.png,B,"Fluorescent sugar-hydrogel, developed using the functionalization of chitosan and an anthracene derivative, which shows solvent-dependent aggregation-based exciplex emission in gel networks at a normal temperature. The background image was created using DALL·E, an AI-powered image generation tool by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.txt,sbert,2024_5.txt,"A new method for synthesizing urea-based polymers with tetracyanobutadiene chromophores is presented. These polymers show selective  turn-on fluorescence when exposed to fluoride ions in a wide range from 30 μM to 7.2 mM. Fluoride disrupts supramolecular aggregates of the polymer, enhancing emission intensity. The background image was generated using the free NinjaTech AI tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Water-soluble spiropyran copolymers retain a photoresponsive feature in response to UV and visible light in pure water. The introduction of a methoxy functional group provides additional binding sites for metal ion complexation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_24.txt,allv2,2024_24.txt,"Absorption and photorelease of specific organic substances from aqueous environments using tailored Q-silsesquioxane-azobenzene hybrid sponges. The image was generated through Adobe Photoshop (v 25.12) Generative AI, and the molecular structures were manually created using Avagadro (v 1.2.0).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,test
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_5.png,B,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. Upper left: Resonance energy transfer between dyes in nanosized domains at polymer interfaces (J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 10591−10601). Upper right: Molecular dynamics simulation of desalination using a membrane constructed from carbon nanotubes (J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 1427−1434). Lower left: Photoelectron spectrum of Al7N−, the structural and MO rearrangement between Al7N− and Al7N (J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 1873−1879). Upper middle: Visualization of aligned growth of SWNTs on sapphire with 13C/12C isotopes (J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 1735−1738). Lower middle: The ferric hydroperoxo heme species in the active site of the enzyme chloroperoxidase (J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 9490−9500). Lower right: Femtosecond laser-induced molecular sequential fragmentation of para-nitrotoluene (J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 3789−3812).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2009_52.txt,multiBv1,2009_52.txt,". The cover art depicts a selection of images that represent important scientific results achieved by Saykally and his group. Top left: image showing second harmonic generation probing of solutes at an air-water interface (reprinted with permission from J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9, (16), 4753–4757, DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Rationalizing the Fluorescence Behavior of Core-Substituted Naphthalene Diimides (J. Phys. Chem. A 2022, 126 (7), 1114–1122. DOI:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2023_30.txt,sbert,2023_30.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Upper, left to right) Aromatic Stabilization and Hybridization Trends in Photoelectron Imaging of Heterocyclic Radicals and Anions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (38), 9770–9777) and Mario Molina Festschrift (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (19)). (Center) Infrared-Driven Charge Transfer in Transition Metal B12F12 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (31), 8469–8475). (Lower, left to right) Snapshots of Proton Accommodation at a Microscopic Water Surface: Understanding the Vibrational Spectral Signatures of the Charge Defect in Cryogenically Cooled H+(H2O)n=2–28 Clusters (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (36), 9425–9440) and Effect of Solvent on the O2(a1Δg) → O2(b1Σg+) Absorption Coefficient (J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119 (35), 9236–9243).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2016_28.txt,allv2,2016_28.txt,train
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_9.png,B,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,sbert,45_12.txt,"Cover Credit: Lonicerin (LCR), a bioactive compound found in plants of the Lonicera japonica species, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of LCR on wound healing under diabetes and the specific mechanism of LCR's effect has not been covered. In this study, we discovered for the first time that LCR has a potent ability to promote cell autophagy and identified the upstream regulatory protein Sirt1 as a potential target for LCR. Additionally, our results indicate that LCR can promote angiogenesis, cell migration, and anti-apoptosis, which may have implications for other research areas such as skin flap survival, In this studycerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and intestinal epithelial injury healing. Doi:10.1038/s41401-023-01193-5. See the article in pages 815–830",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,"Schematic models of 14-deoxygarcinol (DOG) in attenuating adipose tissue inflammation. Therapeutically, DOG activates SIRT2 to suppress NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β secretion, which in turn alleviates adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_11.txt,allv2,44_11.txt,"Cover Credit: Bergapten on NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation produces potent therapeutic effects in a wide array of inflammatory diseases. The schematic describes that bergapten, a natural organic compound in herbal medicines and fruits, effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and pyroptosis through maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy, suggesting its potential role in suppressing the inflammatory response. See the article in pages 1867–1878.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_4.txt,multiBv1,44_4.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.png,A,"‘A transforming view’, inspired by the Review on p726
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"‘Taking shape’, inspired by the Review p271.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_8.txt,ave_2,24_8.txt,"‘Clearing the view’ inspired by the Review on p61.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/21_11.txt,multiBv1,21_11.txt,"‘Join the fold’ inspired by the Review on p161
Cover Design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_10.txt,allv2,20_10.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_3.png,D,"Rare ocean gems
Marine plankton communities contain a huge number of distinct species, such as these protists observed by the Tara Oceans expedition at the ocean surface. Although the composition of such communities varies considerably from place to place, the decay in abundance of the rare species that comprise 99% of local richness follows the same power law everywhere.
See Ser-Giacomi et al.
Image: Noé Sardet and Christian Sardet. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_5.txt,multiBv1,2_5.txt,"Focus on coral reefs
Coral reefs are among Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystems but are dramatically declining worldwide. The lower species richness of corals on degraded reefs can further diminish coral growth and survivorship, suppressing ecosystem function and leading to additional coral reef decline.
See Clements and Hay
Image: Cody Clements, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"Minimum size
Tagged Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis), which are the smallest lunge feeders, surface in a group before 9 feeding dives in 3 minutes. Cade et al. found that these ultra-high feeding rates (which can exceed 200 lunges per hour at night) barely enable the whales to meet their expected metabolic needs, and suggest that biomechanical, environmental and physiological constraints would not allow lunge feeding as a strategy in smaller species.
See Cade et al
Image: Duke Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_9.txt,sbert,7_9.txt,"Nesting havens
Atolls are tiny specks of land scattered across the vast tropical Indo-Pacific. Because of their smallness and remoteness, these islands are often overlooked in research and conservation. This study reveals the global importance of atolls as nesting havens for about 25% of the world’s tropical seabirds, and demonstrates that the large nesting colonies power the atoll ecosystem.
See Steibl et al.
Image: James C. Russell, University of Auckland. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.png,C,"Sleep and atherosclerosis
Kiss et al. review preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how sleep influences the nervous, metabolic and immune systems, with inadequate sleep affecting the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
See Kiss et al.
Image: Siesta, Henri Manguin – Heritage Image Partnership / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"BAG3 variant and cardioprotection
Perez-Bermejo et al. perform an in-depth study on a variant in the BAG3 gene that has been previously associated with a decreased incidence of heart failure and show that in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes engineered to express such BAG3 variant, the interaction profile of the corresponding BAG3 protein has changed, rendering the engineered cardiomyocytes more resistant to a well-known cardiotoxic drug.
See Perez-Bermejo et al.
Image: Courtesy of Paula Marengo; heart illustration: NSA Digital Archive / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_6.txt,sbert,2_6.txt,"Explaining heart failure
Fernandez-Patron et al. propose a unifying framework explaining how diverse risk factors such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes lead to the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure.
See Fernandez-Patron et al.
Image: Eugenio Hardy, Center for Molecular Immunology, Cuba and Carlos Fernandez-Patron, University of Alberta, Canada. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"Hundreds of new mouse genes functionally linked to CVD
Spielmann et al. screen the cardiac function and structure of about 4,000 monogenic knockout mice to identify 486 new genes whose lack results in cardiac disease, and validate a number of these genes in humans via UK Biobank human data.
See Spielmann et al. and News & Views by Ahlberg and Olesen
Image: Chih-Wei Hsu, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_4.png,A,"On the cover: In some mammalian species, the blastocyst-stage embryo suspends its
development and enters a state of “deep sleep” (embryo dormancy or diapause). The
cover image depicts a dreamcatcher with an integrated embryo pattern in the center
to symbolize this peculiar state. In addition to dormancy, the round shape of the
dreamcatcher symbolizes the maternal environment (uterine tube) illustrating that
an analysis of this state by Chen et al. has been performed in physiological conditions. Moreover, the interconnected nodes
in the dreamcatcher symbolize the gene networks identified by single-cell sequencing.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_4.txt,groundtruth,31_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lázaro et al. have used in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to investigate the mechanisms underlying
the interspecies differences in developmental tempo. To this end, they recapitulated
the segmentation clock oscillations of six mammalian species varying in body weight
and taxa: mouse, marmoset, rabbit, cattle, human, and rhinoceros. This artwork depicts
a scientist extracting oscillatory temporal information from the stem cells of various
mammalian species. The use of stem cells opens up the possibility to compare cellular
processes of normally inaccessible species within the lab. Image credit: Júlia Charles
Aymamí (@jca_art).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_6.txt,allv2,30_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Zeng et al. (851–866) uncover the cell type diversity,
spatial patterning, and molecular programs during the early embryonic development
of the human nervous system. This cover image is a visual play on the Chinese idiom,
“Phoenix Nirvana.” This idiom is often used to refer to the rebirth or revival of
a person after they have experienced hardships, which is akin to the generation and
differentiation of neurons from neural stem cells during early nervous system development.
The bird’s wings represent the processes of neurogenesis in different brain regions,
and differently colored feathers represent the differentiation trajectories from district
regional radial glia cells, which form the basis of the complex structure and function
of the human brain. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/30_7.txt,sbert,30_7.txt,"On the cover: Trophoblasts are extraembryonic cells that are essential to maintain
pregnancy. Human trophoblasts arise from trophectoderm (TE). In this issue, Io et
al. (1023–1039) show that naive human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) recapitulate trophoblast
development. They succeeded in establishing an in vitro model for the differentiation of naive human PSCs into trophoblast lineage from TE.
In related studies in this issue, Guo et al. (1040–1056) show that naive hPSCs differentiate
into trophectoderm, and Yanagida et al. (1016–1022) build on those findings in naive
cells to generate human blastocyst-like structures comprising the three founding tissue
layers for the extraembryonic membranes and the embryo. In the cover image, a researcher
is piping cake borders, which indicate TE. The ruby chocolate branches on the top
suggest chorionic villi of the placenta and the surrounding cupcakes suggest cell
development. The idea of cake making is inspired by the etymology of the word “placenta,”
which in Latin means “a cake.” Cover art by Misaki Ouchida.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/28_7.txt,multiBv1,28_7.txt,test
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.png,C,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,A novel inorganic–organic framework composed of layered clay nanosheets bridged by a pillar-shaped multicationic double-decker porphyrin metal complex having long alkyl sidechains was synthesized through a cation exchange reaction and applied for an efficient adsorbent for various anionic organic dyes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Aging,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/5_1.png,B,"Immune landscape in aging and frailty
In this issue, a study by Luo et al. reports blood immune cell profiles of newborn babies, young adults, and old adults with or without frailty syndrome. Combining cell-surface protein antibody-barcoded sequencing with single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing, the study reveals characteristics of immune cells in healthy old age and frailty. The issue cover features a drawing of people at different stages of life, from infancy to old age.
See Luo et. al and the accompanying News & Views by De Maeyer and Akbar
Cover Image: Wen Lei, Jinan University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_9.txt,allv2,2_9.txt,"Immune clearance of senescent cells
In this issue, Xinliang Ming, Ze Yang, Yuqiao Huang and colleagues develop a bifunctional peptide that links senescent and natural killer cells to induce immunological removal of senescent cells in fibrosis, injury, cancer and naturally aged mouse models. The cover image depicts the peptide as a scale on which senescent cells (left) are balanced with immune cells (right). The beneficial effects of this immunotherapy approach are symbolized by scattering senescent cells and sprouting tree branches.
See Ming et al.
Image: Ben Wang, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"The two worlds of senescence in cancer
In this issue, Kate Warde et al. investigate the role of the adrenocortical carcinoma gene ZNRF3 in the context of the tissue microenvironment and uncover that loss of ZNRF3 induces an earlier senescence response in male mice as compared to female mice, which provides the male animals protection from later malignancy. The team finds that androgen at least in part shapes the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and immune cell recruitment, which leads to benign lesions in male mice (whereas female mice are more prone to tumor development). The cover image represents the pleiotropic effects of senescent cells in cancer as the normal world and the ‘Upside Down’ in the TV show, Stranger Things.
See Basham et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Kaitlin Basham and Kate Warde. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_6.txt,ave_2,3_6.txt,"Senescence and atherosclerosis
In this issue, Childs, van Deursen and colleagues demonstrate that senescent cells contribute to the degeneration of the protective fibrous cap in atherosclerotic plaques by neutralizing IGF-1 through the release of IGFBP3, which leads to a reduction in intrinsic cap repair mechanisms involving vascular smooth muscle cells. Senolysis, represented on the cover image as a protective hat on top of a plaque, prevents these deleterious effects and restores cap thickness.
See Childs et al.and the accompanying News and Views by Kabir & Greif
Image: courtesy of Hanneke and Jan van Deursen Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,test
NATURE METHODS,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_2.png,C,"The beauty of imaging
The winning image of the Nikon Small World 2022 Photomicrography Competition, an embryonic foot of a Madagascar giant day gecko (Phelsuma grandis). The image was captured using whole-mount fluorescence staining, tissue clearing, high-resolution confocal microscopy and image stitching.
See Editorial
Image: Grigorii Timin and Michel Milinkovitch, University of Geneva. Cover Design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_2.txt,ave_2,19_2.txt,"Winner of the 2006 Nikon Small World photomicrography competition. The competition is described by its sponsor as a ""forum for showcasing the beauty and complexity of life as seen through the light microscope"", and it rewards scientists worldwide who marry scientific accuracy with an artistic eye (http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/). This year's first-prize winning image by Paul L. Appleton from the Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, UK, shows cell nuclei of the mouse colon (740x) using two-photon fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,"Microscopic art
An image of a section of small intestine from a mouse won fourth place in the Nikon Small World 2024 Photomicrography competition.
See Editorial
Image: Amy Engevik, Medical University of South Carolina. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Winner of the 2018 Nikon Small World photomicrography contest
Eye of a Metapocyrtus subquadrulifer beetle. This image was the winner of the 2018 Nikon Small World photomicrography contest.
Image: Yousef Al Habshi. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/15_2.txt,multiBv1,15_2.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_12.png,A,"Inspired by the Reviews on p8 and p61
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p631
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_2.txt,ave_2,20_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p671
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p615
Cover Design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/19_3.txt,ave_3,19_3.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_1.png,B,Magnetic alignment of liquid-crystal monomers before polymerization provides a powerful tool to encode various deformations of resulting liquid-crystal elastomeric microstructures. The cover image depicts how mesogens are aligned by the magnetic field in molded 3D shapes. The bottom-left micrograph showcases programmed wave-like deformationσ in a radial array of communicating microstructures.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,Real polarized optical microscopy of a mixture of reactive thermotropic liquid crystal mesogens phase separating from a mixture of reactive monomers of a hydrogel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,This image schematically illustrates that the merging of molecular/structural engineering and advanced manufacturing techniques provides a robust toolkit to produce engineered functionally tough hydrogel biomaterials. The affiliated article reviews the recent advances and perspectives of novel network designs and processing techniques for the next-generation functional tough biomaterial hydrogels to satisfy broad biomedical applications. Cover designed by Xiao Kuang.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_11.txt,ave_2,2023_11.txt,"To break the unprocessable shackles of cross-linked porous organic polymers, our group started to contribute to this field in 2018. In this Account, we summarize our contributions including (i) “charge-induced dispersion” strategy for membranes, (ii) “thermal hyper-crosslinking” strategy for gels, and (iii) transport properties in membranes/gels and the structure−function relationship.   View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,train
Nature Photonics,19_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/19_1.png,C,"An artist's illustration of a cross-section through a spherical liquid-crystal microresonator. Made from droplets of liquid crystal housed in a sheet of transparent elastomer, such microresonators can tune their resonant wavelength over an unprecedented scale when exposed to an electric field.
Cover design by Humar et al.
Article by Humar  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Magneto-optic exceptional points
An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength.
See Ruan et al.
Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/19_1.txt,groundtruth,19_1.txt,"Dynamic non-reciprocity
Suitably tailored temporal modulations in coupled photonic crystal cavities can realize non-reciprocal signal transport in a magnet-free nanophotonic platform. In the pictured device, light flows as indicated by the white arrows, thus allowing it to function as an optical circulator, breaking the inherent transmission symmetry of Lorentz reciprocity.
See Sounas and Alù  11 , 774–783 (2017)
Image: Erik Zumalt, Dimitrios Sounas and Andrea Alù, The University of Texas at Austin.Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/11_1.txt,ave_3,11_1.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_5.png,B,"The cover shows a dynamic supramolecular system built by Sugawara and co-workers, in which the self-reproduction of vesicle compartments is linked to the replication of encapsulated DNA. Externally added membrane precursors are taken up by the vesicles and converted into membrane molecules, enabling the vesicles to grow and divide. Vesicles within which DNA is amplified undergo rapid and sequential divisions, distributing newly formed DNA to daughter vesicles. This represents a promising approach for the construction of a minimal cell.Article p775IMAGE: NEWTON PRESS, JAPANCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"Shaping a supramolecular synthetic cytoskeleton
Cells are able to modify their shape and adapt to the environment because their cytoskeleton, which is composed of proteins, forms a dynamic framework. Ronit Freeman and co-workers have now used programmable peptide–DNA technology to build a synthetic cytoskeleton in artificial cells that can change shape, enabling the cells to react to their surroundings. The cover shows an artistic rendition of cytoskeletal-reinforced synthetic cells.
See Freeman et al.
Image: Justin Hill and Ronit Freeman, UNC-Chapel Hill. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_5.txt,groundtruth,16_5.txt,"Although scientists are able to reproduce many structural aspects of cellular compartmentalization found in biology, achieving mimicry of their social behaviours is somewhat more challenging. Now, Stephen Mann and co-workers have prepared a community of synthetic cell-like bodies, or protocells, in which ‘killer’ coacervate microdroplets (stylized on the cover in blue) target a population of proteinosomes (orange), lysing their membrane and capturing their payload. This research not only provides insight to how precursors to early cellular life may have operated, but also delivers a possible platform for new technologies.Article p110News &amp; Views p107IMAGE: DR YAN QIAO, UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOLCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_11.txt,multiBv1,9_11.txt,"Just like the fish shown on the cover of this issue, tessellation with simple shapes can cover large surfaces. Recognizing that triple-helical self-assembly can be thought of as a tiling problem, Ronald T. Raines and co-workers have now demonstrated that collagen-mimetic peptide tiles can be assembled into triple helices with perfect symmetry to form synthetic collagen nanofibres that are nearly a micrometre in length.Article p1008IMAGE: H. ADAM STEINBERGCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_2.txt,allv2,8_2.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/4_1.png,D,"The sources of myocardial passive stiffness
Loescher et al. use a mouse model that enables specific cleavage of elastic titin in cardiomyocytes to dissect the contributions of various structural elements of myocardium to passive stiffness. They quantify the strain-dependent contributions from titin, actin filaments, microtubules, the sarcolemma, intermediate filaments and the extracellular matrix to both elastic and viscous forces.
See Loescher et al.
Image credit: Andreas Unger and Wolfgang A. Linke, University of Münster. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_2.txt,sbert,2_2.txt,"Intestinal endothelium and stem cell cross-talk
Stem cells (green) and blood vessels (red) in early stage mouse intestinal adenoma.
See Bernier-Latmani et al. and News & Views by Koh
Image: Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani, University of Lausanne. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_8.txt,allv2,1_8.txt,"Solving the puzzle of nasal vasculature
By combining whole-mount immunofluorescence of nasal mucosal tissue with single-cell transcriptomics of isolated endothelial cells, Hong et al. provide a 3D morphological and molecular atlas of nasal vasculature, identifying a new type of hybrid vessels and offering insights into the associations of nasal vasculature with inflammation, infection and aging.
See Hong et al.
Image: MerveKarahan / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Image courtesy of Seon Pyo Hong, Institute for Basic Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_8.txt,ave_1,2_8.txt,"A mesenchymal progenitor for lymphatic endothelium
Lupu et al. demonstrate that mammalian lymphatic endothelial cells are specified directly from a population of specialized angioblasts, in a process that does not require transdifferentiation from venous endothelium.
See Lupu et al.
Image: Maria Diaz de la Loza, Scientific Illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,val
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_2.png,A,"For the first time a N,N-chelating ligand, bis(4-iodopyrazol-1-yl)methane is explored as a halogen bond donor in piano-stool half-sandwich noble metal complexes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates the structure of a mononuclear rare earth complex featuring a crowded coordination sphere around the metal ion, which is ligated by two guanidinate moieties and one tetraphenylborate anion, where DFT calculations support a η6-binding mode. The Dy congener is a rare single-molecule magnet containing guanidinate ligands.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"A new ethylenediamine-derived ligand H4L1 was prepared and used to generate two isomeric copper(II) coordination polymer materials  1 and 2. Both networks possess identical coordination environments with the exception of the trans-(R,R)/(S,S) (1) or cis-(R,S) (2) conformations of the amine backbone. The hydrogen bonding modes favored by each conformer define either a close-packed network (1) or a porous architecture (2) (Cryst. Growth Des. 2015, 15, 3417–3425).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_6.txt,sbert,2015_6.txt,"halogen bonds, a series of acetylacetonates of divalent cations were cocrystalized with p-dihalotetrafluorobenzenes. Throughout the series of formed cocrystals, the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_11.txt,multiBv1,2019_11.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_10.png,B,Native mass spectrometry was used for fragment-based screening with data for 62 potential malaria protein targets against 643 natural products (fragment size) to identify 96 binding partners for 32 targets.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2018_9.txt,sbert,2018_9.txt,"Bi(III)-based compounds can allosterically target a SARS-CoV-2 nsp14/nsp10 complex to disrupt its MTase and ExoN activity, leading to inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in mammalian cells, which is attributable to the Bi compounds’ ability to displace zinc ions from the zinc-finger sites of the nsp14/nsp10 complex and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,Immune system cells attack the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Virtual Issue “Fighting HIV with Chemistry” showcases recent articles from various ACS journals reporting on advances made in HIV research. Link:,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_1.txt,allv2,2017_1.txt,"The cover art depicts how the tricyclic β-lactam attacks carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales by overcoming three resistance mechanisms, which are β-lactamase production, porin deficiency, and the insertion mutation of four amino acids into penicillin-binding protein 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2022_10.txt,multiBv1,2022_10.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_12.png,A,ᴅ-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET imaging. [18F]FDG PET offers a quantitative and translational neuroimaging method to explore the CNS effects of candidate drugs for smoking cessation therapy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The cover graphic highlights positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies that have shaped our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in several brain health illnesses, with an emphasis on how the emerging legalization of cannabis use has impacted the field to better understand the functional and dysfunctional ECS. Clinical relevance of the ECS in psychiatric and neurological disorders has driven significant efforts toward developing PET radiotracers for several ECS targets. For more information, see DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00305",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_11.txt,ave_2,2020_11.txt,"The cover graphic highlights positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies that have shaped our understanding of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in several brain health illnesses, with an emphasis on how the emerging legalization of cannabis use has impacted the field to better understand the functional and dysfunctional ECS. Clinical relevance of the ECS in psychiatric and neurological disorders has driven significant efforts toward developing PET radiotracers for several ECS targets. For more information, see DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00305",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_12.txt,allv2,2020_12.txt,In vivo PET image of [18F]TRACK in the healthy human brain in sagittal view. Overlay of the static 10–30 min p.i. SUV PET image (range 0.3–0.85 SUV) with the T1MP-RAGE MR image of the subject.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_7.txt,ave_3,2019_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_408,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_408.png,B,"COVER This week's issue features a  Perspective on clustering of acetylcholine receptors at the developing neuromuscular junction. The image depicts the signals that organize acetylcholine receptors. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on glutamate receptor clustering. The image depicts some of the proteins involved in AMPA receptor clustering. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_408.txt,groundtruth,2007_408.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Perspective describing how three proteins—an orphan glutamate receptor on the postsynaptic side, a cell adhesion protein on the presynaptic side, and a secreted soluble factor—act as a transsynaptic bridge at a major type of cerebellar synapse. [Image: Yana Hammond]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_136.txt,ave_2,3_136.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that provides insight into signaling by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest and most extensively therapeutically targeted classes of receptors. Nobles et al. and Lau et al. describe how receptor phosphorylation enables agonists to trigger distinct cellular responses. Ahles et al. describe how mutations associated with disease affect receptor responsiveness to ligands. This research helps reveal how signaling by these receptors is encoded and decoded to produce ligand-specific, cell-specific, and genome-specific responses. The image shows an artist's rendition of receptor variation (circles in extracellular region) and phosphorylation sites (circles in the intracellular domain). [Image: Bricelyn Strauch, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_185.txt,ave_3,4_185.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_7.png,D,Graphical representation of phytonanomedicine targeting the tumor microenvironment.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,Graphical representation of the skin penetration-promoting effect of nanoparticles for drug delivery.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_8.txt,multiBv1,2023_8.txt,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,Schematic graphical representation of multiple drug substances interacting inside a phospholipid bilayer while permeating from a liposome.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_7.png,C,"Sex chromosomes and carbon capture
Sphagnum mosses sequester large quantities of carbon into peatlands. The genomes of Sphagnum species contain sex chromosomes carrying genes that alter the growth and carbon capture characteristics of the two sexes.
See Healey et al.
Image: Blanka Aguero. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_11.txt,ave_2,9_11.txt,"Reprogramming stems from DNA damage
Mosses such as Physcomitrella patens produce leafy shoots called gametophores, which bear their sex organs. Gametophore leaf cells are reprogrammed to stem cells by the actions of ATR kinase and STEMINs following DNA damage.
See Gu, N. et al.
Image: N. Gu and M. Hasebe, Huazhong Agricultural University and National Institute for Basic Biology. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_4.txt,allv2,6_4.txt,"How to make a moss
Recent advances in DNA synthesis techniques have made possible the de novo synthesis of substantial genomes of organisms such as mycoplasma, bacteria and yeast. Synthesis of the genome of a multicellular organism remains out of reach, but the moss Physcomitrium patens could be the first.
See Yu et al. and Editorial
Image: Andreas Rullmann/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_7.txt,groundtruth,10_7.txt,"Euphyllophyte evolution and defense
Ferns are close relatives of seed plants, and together they form the euphyllophyte clade, which contains almost all vascular plants. The genome of the maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris L.) provides a window on the evolution of both groups and on their pathogen resistance mechanisms.
See Fang et al.
Image: Jiayu Zheng and Jianbin Yan. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/8_4.txt,ave_3,8_4.txt,train
Matter,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_9.png,C,"On the cover: This month’s cover pays homage to the organic mixed ionic/electronic
conductor, a polymeric bioelectronic material that facilitates electronic and ionic
charge transport to enable devices that enhance the interface between microelectronics
and biological systems. Image credit: Jonathan Rivnay (p. 3132).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_3.txt,multiBv1,6_3.txt,"On the Cover: A circular molecule named {Fe8Dy8}, which shows an energy gap between
the ground toroidal magnetic state (represented by the blue molecule that can be used
as 0 on the hard drive below) and the first excited state (represented by the reddish
molecule that can be used as 1 on the hard drive below), can be manipulated by the
external stimulus, i.e. electric field or microwaves, and thus be used for high-density
information storage below certain temperatures.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover from Pena-Francesch et al. pays homage to magnetic manipulation in comic books and superhero pop culture. New
advances in radical polymers bring new opportunities to the design and development
of metal-free organic magnetic materials, with biocompatible and squishy properties
for soft robotics and medical imaging. Image credit: Adrian Bago Gonzalez and Abdon
Pena-Francesch.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"On the cover: In the film The Matrix, the offering of a red pill and a blue pill to the hero represents a choice, willingness
to learn, and courage to take risks. Frequently, a researcher finds their way to an
unplanned and unexpected topic that yields exciting results. Here, in our third annual
Researcher's Choice issue, we provide Previews that act as our choices, highlighting
exciting areas of materials science. Our pills are red, blue, green, yellow, and a
host of other colors! Will you choose MXenes, LEDs, perovskites, or metalloenzymes?
This author-first issue provides a snapshot of materials science. Find out how deep
the rabbit hole goes! Cover design by Sci-Fig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_5.txt,allv2,6_5.txt,val
Molecular Plant,17_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_11.png,C,"On The Cover Many important crops have complex autopolyploid genomes, from which the identification
of agronomically important genes is relatively difficult. OutcrossSeq was developed
to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations in root (sweet
potato, autopolyploidy), tree (walnut tree, highly heterozygous diploidy) and hybrid
crops (double-cross populations), enabling precise identification of genomic loci
underlying important agronomic traits. The cover image illustrates the walnut as the
representative of economically important trees and the prototype of sweet potato that
is conceptually inspired by “The Metamorphosis of the Plants” from Johann Wolfgang
Von Goethe. Image by: Yiqiao Xun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_9.txt,allv2,14_9.txt,"On The Cover The left part in the background indicates a wild soybean with a long twisted stem,
while the right part indicates a cultivated soybean. The two plants appear to constitute
a cartoon like a traditional Chinese paper-cutting art traced back to the ancient
South and North danysties in China. This may also indicate that cultivated soybeans
can obtain more genetic diversity from wild soybeans. For the three small piles of
soybean seeds, the lower left one is from a wild soybean ZYD7, the middle one from
the cultivar HN44, and the upper right one from the RIL R245 derived from a cross
between ZYD7 and HN44. The R245 harbors a PP 2C-1 allele for seed weight from ZYD7
and 13 other loci for seed weight from HN44. The PP2C-1 may activate BR pathway through
dephosphorylation of GmBZR1 for seed weight control. Image by: Tong Cheng, Jin-Song
Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_8.txt,multiBv1,10_8.txt,"On the cover: Understanding the origin of crops is crucial for their breeding and genetic modification.
Despite of considerable efforts for decades, attempting to generate artificial hexaploids
from diploid and tetraploid wild relatives of sweetpotato has been unsuccessful, probably
because the progenitor species of cultivated sweetpotato still remains unclear. In
this issue, by using multiple genetic and genomic approaches Yan et al. have identified
two probable progenitors and unraveled the genetic backstory about the formation of
cultivated sweetpotato. Just as depicted on the cover image, the study by Yan et al.
closely resembles performing a paternity test to establish a genetic link between
cultivated sweetpotato and their progenitors. Image by Mengxiao Yan and Yukun Hao
with the assistance of DALL·E 3 (https://openai.com/dall-e-3).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_11.txt,groundtruth,17_11.txt,"On The Cover Homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS) is an important mechanism of speciation. In this
issue, Wang et al. propose and examine a novel genetic mechanism for the origin of
reproductive isolation (RI) during HHS: the inheritance of alternate alleles at genes
underlying prezygotic parental RI. They show, using integrated approaches, that the
homoploid hybrid species Ostryopsis intermedia (HS in cover image) originated following hybridization between O. davidiana (P1) and O. nobilis (P2). The parental species are reproductively isolated by differences in flowering
time and also survivorship on soils containing high concentrations of iron. RI originated
in O. intermedia as a direct consequence of hybridization through the inheritance of alleles of genes
determining high iron tolerance in O. nobilis (FRO4 and ZIP5 and others, highlighted in white in cover image) and early flowering time in O. davidiana (LHY and PIE1 and others, highlighted in red). Some other homoploid hybrid species, including Darwin's
finch, a butterfly, sunflowers and conifers, are also illustrated in the image along
with the Chinese god, Yue Lao, who, according to ancient legend, unites with a cord
predestined couple. Image by: Zefu Wang, Xinyue Hu, Landi Feng, and Jianquan Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_11.txt,ave_2,14_11.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_10.png,C,"A nonenzymatic synthetic pathway is demonstrated for 5-carbon sugars, including ribose, which relies on chemical transformations that are reminiscent of the first steps of the pentose phosphate pathway, a core pathway of metabolism, suggesting that prebiotic sugar synthesis may have overlaps with the extant biochemical pathways.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The same, but different? Acyl hydrolases and acyl transferases in polyketide synthases possess the same fold. One catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyl groups, the other transfers malonyl groups to carrier proteins. The first structure of an acyl hydrolase is reported, providing insights into the catalytic mechanism, substrate tolerance, and the carrier protein interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,val
Current Biology,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_5.png,B,"On the cover: Oviparous (egg-laying) cartilaginous fishes are emerging as experimentally
tractable models for studies of vertebrate development. Their phylogenetic position,
as the sister group to the bony fishes (including tetrapods), also renders them useful
for studies of early vertebrate evolution. Shown here is a hatchling of the little
skate (Leucoraja erinacea), just moments after emerging from its leathery egg case. In this issue, Gillis and
Tidswell (pages 729–732) use cell lineage tracing experiments to demonstrate that
the gills of the little skate derive from endoderm, as in lampreys and hagfish. This
finding of a common embryonic origin of gills in jawed and jawless vertebrates overturns
the long-held view that gills evolved independently in these two lineages. Rather,
it now appears as though pharyngeal gills evolved once, very early in vertebrate evolution,
in conjunction with the transition to a more active lifestyle. Image by Andrew Gillis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_20.txt,sbert,27_20.txt,"On the cover: Common pond skaters (Gerris lacustris) on the surface of a river in the Lake District, UK. These predatory insects exploit
the high surface tension of water to skate across the water's surface, a process facilitated
by their long, hydrophobic legs and the distribution of their weight over a large
surface area, providing a clear example of how physical principles impact biology.
Our special issue on the collaboration between physics and biology brings together
reviews, essays, primers, and other formats to showcase the various ways in which
physical concepts and approaches have enhanced our understanding of the living world.
Photo: Ashley Cooper/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,"On the cover: Myotis daubentonii, like many species of bats and birds, hunt close to the water surface. Flying close
to a surface may save energy through ground effect, which is an aerodynamic interaction
between the wing and the surface. In this issue, Johansson et al. (pages 3502–3507)
show, through direct measurements of the energy added to the air by the bats, that
when flying close to a surface, animals may save twice as much energy as expected
from theory. The large savings challenge our understanding about how animals may benefit
from ground effect and may affect our understanding of the evolution of flight. Photograph
© Jens Rydell; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/28_4.txt,allv2,28_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Ache and Matheson (pages 1418–1426) show that in insects,
passive forces generated within a limb joint, rather than in associated muscles or
tendons, make important contributions to movements of the limb. The image shows the
head and front legs of the horsehead grasshopper Pseudoproscopia scabra. In this animal, the contributions of passive “knee” joint forces to leg movements
differ in hind legs, which are adapted for jumping, and middle legs, which are adapted
for walking. Photograph by Tom Matheson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_10.txt,multiBv1,23_10.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_12.png,D,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,test
One Earth,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_10.png,D,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,multiBv1,5_7.txt,"On the cover: This painting, and others in this series by John Sabraw, is inspired
by satellite imagery, dynamic flows of waterways, and the poetic beauty of complex
ecosystems. Sabraw incorporates sustainably sourced pigments that are extracted in
the process of remediating streams polluted from acid mine drainage from coal mining.
His collaborative team of engineers and environmentalists separate iron oxide pollutant
from clean water and transform it into safe and sustainable artist's pigment. As the
climate crisis continues to escalate, Sabraw's work offers an inspiring combination
of action, activism, and art that reminds us that there are many ways to make a difference.
For more of Sabraw's work, please visit https://www.johnsabraw.com/.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_11.txt,allv2,5_11.txt,"On the cover: Clean water is vital to the health of our planet, yet increasing anthropogenic
pressures threaten this precious resource. Here, the graceful swirls of an algae bloom
reveal a water system imperiled by agricultural runoff, with consequences for biodiversity
and human health. Anton Petrus for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,val
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_1.png,D,"Nanosized drugs leak preferentially into tumor tissue through permeable vessels and are then retained there due to reduced lymphatic drainage. This process is known as ""enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect"". However, EPR effect offers less than a 2-fold increase of nanodrug delivery into cancer compared with critical normal organs that are not sufficient for curing most cancers. Here we discuss how to effectively deliver nanosized drugs to tumors by building on EPR effect.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_3.txt,allv2,2016_3.txt,"Nanobodies are a promising class of biologics but their use in certain applications is precluded by their fast clearance and being a monovalent format. In this study, Wade et al. engineered an anti-long neurotoxin nanobody into a self-assembling protein domain to drive the multivalent assembly of proteins containing up to sixteen nanobody binding domains with increased endosomal recycling capability. Such an approach tailoring pharmacokinetics for improved neutralization of soluble targets could serve as a technology for snake toxins researchers",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,"Biofunctional biomaterials aim to positively interact with the host and through their biophysical, biochemical and/or biological cargo to stimulate the innate reparative machinery, thereby promoting functional repair and regeneration. To this end, biomaterial-based carriers (e.g., particles, spheres), chemical systems (e.g., dendrimers, stimuli responsive polymers) and biological molecules (e.g., peptides) are at the forefront of scientific and technological research and innovation. Images have been adapted from the following papers: (1) Chan et al., Synthetic strategies for engineering intravenous hemostats; (2) Leiro et al., The present and the future of degradable dendrimers and derivatives in theranostics; (3) Fontana et al., Three-dimensional microgel platform for the production of cell factories tailored for the nucleus pulposus; (4) Wu et al., Dendrimers in medicine: Therapeutic concepts and pharmaceutical challenges; (5) Liu et al., Rationally engineering phototherapy modules of eosin-conjugated responsive polymeric nanocarriers via intracellular endocytic pH gradients; (6) Gong et al., Releasable conjugation of polymers to proteins; (7) Son et al., Magnetofection mediated transient NANOG overexpression enhances proliferation and myogenic differentiation of human hair follicle derived mesenchymal stem cells; (8) Samorezov et al., Dual ionic and photo-cross-linked alginate hydrogels for micropatterned spatial control of material properties and cell behavior.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2015_6.txt,multiBv1,2015_6.txt,"by regulating the expression of BBB functional proteins. Wnt-regulated therapeutics, e.g., nanomedicines, could modulate the BBB permeability via regulating the status of the Wnt signaling pathway.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_1.png,C,"In vivo multicolour cell fate mapping allows detailed insights into early clonal events that regulate haematopoietic development in zebrafish.
[article p17]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,"Development
Embryo structures assembled from three cell types
See Sozen et al.
Image: [Berna Sozen, Gianluca Amadei and Magdalena-Zernicka-Goetz at the University of Cambridge]. Cover Design: [Lauren Heslop].",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/20_5.txt,ave_3,20_5.txt,"Cell division in embryos
Blocking cell division in zebrafish embryos does not affect differentiation of embryonic tissues during gastrulation and segmentation but does decelerate differentiation of particular cells.
See Kukreja et al.
Image: Bill Z Jia, Kalki Kukreja and Sean G Megason, Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,Epifluorescence image of Zebrafish germ-layer progenitor-cell sorting in a hanging drop assay in vitro. Cells will self-sort according to their cortical tensions and mesoderm cell clusters (green) will always envelop ectoderm cell clusters (red).,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/10_9.txt,allv2,10_9.txt,test
Biomacromolecules,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_9.png,A,"The combination of experimental techniques and computational simulations presents a powerful approach to study polymer vesicles at multiple scales, which enables us to explore the interplay between phenomena and mechanisms in the emerging field of polymersome-based drug delivery systems.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Recent advances in organic and polymer chemistry, bioengineering, and nanotechnology have resulted in several new developments in the field of hydrogels for therapeutic delivery, including nanogels, multicomponent hydrogels, bioorthogonal cross-linking methods, the release of therapeutics from 3D printed hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive hydrogels. These new concepts will significantly improve the applicability and performance of therapeutic hydrogels and, therefore, increase their role within the field of therapeutic delivery. Image courtesy of Sytze J. Buwalda, Tina Vermonden, Wim E. Hennink, and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2017_11.txt,multiBv1,2017_11.txt,"The Polymer Colloids: From Fundamentals to Application special issue of Biomacromolecules highlights research from The International Polymer Colloid Group (IPCG), which was founded in 1972 as a forum for the exchange of ideas and emerging research activities for scientists and engineers from both academia and industry who study or use polymer colloids. It is our intent with this issue to connect researchers from the community of Biomacromolecules with the polymer colloids community, and foster a deeper mutual understanding of the expertise and experience each community has developed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2020_2.txt,allv2,2020_2.txt,"In the presence of phospholipid vesicles, amphipathic copolymers of styrene and maleic acid are able to self-assemble to form nanodiscs containing a segment of phospholipid bilayer stabilized in aqueous solution by a polymer belt. By modifying the structure of the polymers, properties of the resulting nanodiscs can be altered, which has important implications for the application of these polymers for the solubilization of membrane-associated biological targets. Image courtesy of Stephen C. L. Hall and Thomas Arnold. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_10.txt,sbert,2018_10.txt,train
Neuron,113_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_1.txt,groundtruth,113_1.txt,"On the cover: This special issue celebrates Neuron's 30th anniversary with a series of reviews and perspectives that discuss longstanding
questions and recent advancements that span a range of topic areas in neuroscience
to provide inspiration for future studies. The cover for this anniversary issue is
inspired by the seemingly limitless possibilities for the future of the field as we
reflect on how far we have come since our launch in 1988 and how much more there is
yet to explore and understand about the brain. We thank all the authors, readers,
and reviewers who have contributed to the journal and made it successful and look
forward to the next 30 years of boundless exploration and groundbreaking discoveries
in neuroscience. Cover art by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/100_5.txt,ave_3,100_5.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_4.txt,allv2,113_4.txt,"On the cover: This special issue celebrates Neuron's 25th anniversary with a series of Perspectives that reflect on where the field has been
and where we are going. The cover for this anniversary issue is inspired by the content
that has made Neuron the premier forum for groundbreaking neuroscience research since 1988. The word cloud
comprises the words that have appeared most frequently in titles of Neuron manuscripts over the past 25 years and is layered onto a mosaic of past Neuron covers. We thank all the authors, readers, and reviewers who have contributed to
the journal and made it successful and look forward to another 25 years of exciting
neuroscience. Cover art by Adam Goldstein.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/80_4.txt,ave_2,80_4.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_2.png,C,The presently introduced HFLD method quantifies noncovalent interactions accurately irrespective of the spin state of the system while providing at the same time important physical insights into their nature. The cover art features a solvated carbene in its triplet state. The solute,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_9.txt,multiBv1,2022_9.txt,"Grid Inhomogeneous Solvation Theory (GIST) can now report how the positional correlations of water molecules impact the entropy of water in a binding site. As diagrammed here, this involves discretizing the region of interest onto a three-dimensional “K-grid” and computing how the presence of a water in each voxel k affects the entropy of nearby water on a local “L-grid”. The result can be displayed as contour maps, as shown for the enzyme coagulation factor Xa. Here, regions where water is correlated less and more than in pure water are displayed in green and pink, respectively; more correlation means lower entropy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2016_12.txt,sbert,2016_12.txt,"Scanning the PDB and using QM calculations on the MP2/TZVPP level of theory, we highlight the geometric versatility and potential benefits of halogen–water interactions, trying to assess whether halogen bonding on water is more than a “drop in the ocean” for drug discovery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Solvent effects on the conformational dynamics and response to light excitation of multinuclear mixed valence metal complexes can be unveiled by mixed quantum classical approaches, based on molecular dynamics simulations carried out with quantum mechanically derived force-fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_22.txt,allv2,2024_22.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_10.png,C,"Travel balances sleep
Leveraging a global dataset of wearable device data for approximately 20,000 individuals, Jonasdottir and colleagues show how sleep away from home depends on the sleep needs of the individual: when travelling, underslept people tend to sleep more, whereas well-rested individuals tend to sleep less.
See Jonasdottir et al.
Cover image: Sune Lehmann, Technical University of Denmark and James P Bagrow, University of Vermont. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_8.txt,ave_2,6_8.txt,"Predicting energy conservation
Analyses of data from 211 independent, randomized controlled trials and a pre-registered experiment show that second-order normative beliefs — perceptions about what is commonly believed — play a critical role in promoting energy conservation.
See Jachimowicz et al.
Image: Martinwimmer / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"Individual sleep needs
How much sleep is necessary for optimal cognitive function and brain health? Human sleep deprivation experiments in the laboratory, observational studies and the behavioural ecology and evolution literature provide different answers to this question. Fjell and Walhovd adopt a transdisciplinary view of the evidence and argue that individual sleep need is highly flexible and affected by environmental factors, individual needs and motivation. This flexibility and broader context are frequently overlooked in laboratory-based sleep restriction studies and in sleep recommendations, but are important to take into account for a more ecologically valid view of human sleep needs.
See Fjell and Walhovd
Cover image: Viktoriia Patapova/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_10.txt,groundtruth,8_10.txt,"Sleep across the lifespan
How long does the average person sleep? And are changes in sleep quality and quantity predictive of age-related cognitive decline? Two articles in this issue address these questions. Kocevska et al. conducted a meta-analysis including over 1.1 million people to produce age- and sex-specific population reference charts for sleep duration and efficiency. Djonlagic et al. identify 23 objective sleep metrics that predict cognitive performance and processing speed in older adults.
See Kocevska et al. and Djonlagic et al. .
Cover image: ModernewWorld / DigitalVision / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_45,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_45.png,A,"Lasso peptides are a promising scaffold for small therapeutics with thermal and proteolytic stability. Simulations reveal that de novo folding is possible and can be stabilized through sequence and chemical modifications, opening the door to the chemical synthesis of lasso structures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_45.txt,groundtruth,2024_45.txt,"A new approach to efficient functionalization of nonribosomal peptides holds great potential for isolating and targeting this class of biological molecules, holding out the promise of new therapeutics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_41.txt,allv2,2021_41.txt,"A ligand-controlled, switchable skeletal rearrangement has been developed. This method allows site-selective activation and reorganization of C–C bonds (C–Ar bond and C–(C=O)) and has been applied for the divergent synthesis of four medicinally relevant fluorine-containing scaffolds from the same starting material. Experimental and DFT calculation studies prove this rational design.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_26.txt,ave_3,2022_26.txt,"“Molecular glues” stabilize protein complexes. Here, a disulfide-bound fragment leads to a 40-fold stabilization in the binding of the adaptor protein to a phosphopeptide derived from the C-terminus of an estrogen receptor. Disulfide trapping provides a method to screen systematically for molecules that bind at predetermined sites and modulate protein–peptide and protein–protein interactions. See Arkin and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11658. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_44.txt,ave_2,2019_44.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_12.png,D,"Necroptosis, the death traded for regeneration. See page 1063-1077 by Shen’ao Zhou et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_1.txt,ave_3,30_1.txt,"The image depicts a story that happened during the Warring States. A senior general named Lian Po, loyal to King of the Zhao State, was given a chunk of meat and became re-energized. The cover paper reports that the catabolism of the amino acid glutamine can replenish energy when glucose is depleted. See page 683–706 by Mengqi Li et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_3.txt,allv2,34_3.txt,"The cover describes the famous story of Trojan horse in ancient Greek history. This story reflects how tumor-originated oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG, Trojan horse) enters vascular endothelial cells via its new transporter SLC1A1 (city gate). R-2-HG entry is accompanied by Na+(soldiers hiding in the Trojan horse) that triggers downstream events to enhance tumor angiogenesis. See page 638-658 by Xiaomin Wang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_6.txt,ave_2,32_6.txt,"The image shows the tragic story of the Greek soldier Philippides, who brought the victory message of the battle of Marathon to Athens but died after 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 km) exhaustive running. In fact, human muscle developed mitochondrial protein lactylation as a preventive mechanism for such disaster. See page 13–30 by Yunzi Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_12.txt,groundtruth,34_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_2.png,C,"Lithium is an essential resource for the energy transition, owing to its widespread use in rechargeable batteries. This Review describes the freshwater and chemical inputs, wastes and environmental impacts of direct lithium extraction technologies and how to manage them.
Image credit: Bloomberg Creative/Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"Non-perennial segments of rivers undergo cycles of flowing, non-flowing and dry phases, influencing ecosystem dynamics and services across the river network. This Review describes the occurrence, ecology and future of these intermittent and ephemeral flows and highlights the importance of protecting these segments.
Image credit: Anton Petrus / Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_1.txt,allv2,4_1.txt,"Hydropower is a renewable energy source that can contribute to growing energy demands. This Review considers the ecological consequences of hydropower plants on riverine systems and emphasizes the urgent need to mitigate ecological impacts to ensure sustainable development.
Simone Polattini / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"Irrigation accounts for a substantial proportion of global water usage and can have biophysical and biogeochemical impacts on Earth systems. This Review outlines key irrigation–Earth system interactions, and discusses the effect of future climate and socioeconomic changes on irrigation patterns and their interaction.
Image credit: Jacob Maentz/ Getty Images. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/4_6.txt,sbert,4_6.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_9.png,A,"GluK2 detects cold
The molecular identity of cold sensors in peripheral somatosensory neurons remains unclear. Cai et al. report that GluK2, a kainate-type glutamate receptor that mediates synaptic transmission in the brain, is co-opted as a cold sensor in the periphery. The cover art depicts snow and ice adhering to the ends of branches, symbolizing the role of peripheral sensory nerve endings, distant from the soma (shown in the background), as the primary detectors of cold.
See Cai et al.
Image and cover design: Rajani Arora. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_9.txt,groundtruth,27_9.txt,"Elimination and strengthening of inhibitory synapses from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) are essential for the formation of a precise tonotopic map in the lateral superior olive, but the mechanisms behind this plasticity are unclear. Kandler and colleagues now find that these inhibitory MNTB terminals co-release the excitatory transmitter glutamate during the period of synapse elimination, which activates postsynaptic NMDA receptors. Here, an axon terminal from a dye-filled GABA/glycinergic MNTB neuron (red) is immunolabeled against the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 (blue) and the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (green). (pp 257 and 332)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/8_10.txt,multiBv1,8_10.txt,"Hua, Chen, et al. identify a special subtype of GABAergic neurons in the mouse central amygdala that are sensitive to general anesthetics (CeA-GA). Manipulating the activity of this population bidirectionally modulates pain expression. Furthermore, CeA-GA neurons project widely across the brain to pain-processing centers, suggesting a role in gating nociceptive stimuli. On the cover, the truck symbolizes pain signals entering into the brain. The railroad crossing signs illustrate CeA-GA as a key node that blocks pain. The analgesia express train shows that CeA-GA neurons inhibit pain through their GABAergic projections.
Image credit: Jason Wu. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_6.txt,allv2,23_6.txt,"In Drosophila, R7 and R8 photoreceptors, which detect different wavelengths, form synapses in distinct medulla layers. The authors report that the interaction of Golden Goal and Flamingo (two cell-surface proteins involved in photoreceptor targeting)specifies synaptic-layer selection of photoreceptors. On the cover is a cross section of the adult fruit fly visual system, showing photoreceptor (green) axon projections to optic ganglions, which are surrounded by brain cells (neuronal nuclei in red and glia in blue).p 314",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/14_10.txt,sbert,14_10.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_10.png,A,"Concentrated by condensates
Small molecules can concentrate in diverse cellular compartments. The image, captured by two-photon microscopy, shows the accumulation of tryptanthrin, a quinazoline indole alkaloid and active ingredient in medicinal herbs, within biomolecular condensates and cytoplasmic organelles.
See Kilgore et al.
Image: Henry Kilgore, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,"Focus on phase separation
Phase separation participates in biological processes as a fundamental mechanism for assembling subcellular structures and provides new perspectives for basic study and therapeutic applications. The cover depicts drops of dew condensing on a leaf, symbolizing condensates formed via phase separation in cells.
See Jingjing Xie et al.
Image credit: Xuefeng Sun (photography), Hao He (image editing), Guangya Zhu (design). Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_1.txt,allv2,18_1.txt,"Terpenoids on the move
Before petunia flowers open, terpenoids are produced in the tube and emitted into the bud’s headspace. These volatile compounds then diffuse into the pistil, where they affect growth, seed yield, and the pistil microbiome in the developing flower.
See Boachon et al.
Image: Joseph Lynch. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/15_7.txt,sbert,15_7.txt,"Illuminating the target
Luminescent and cell-permeable macrocyclic terbium complexes called CoraFluors enable the detection of ligand–target engagement in cells by time-resolved FRET. The image shows a protein target (in purple) lit up by CoraFluors.
See Payne et al.
IMAGE: Ella Marushchenko. COVER DESIGN: Dave Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_2.txt,ave_2,17_2.txt,test
Developmental Cell,59_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_15.png,D,"On the cover: Artistic representation of mouse preimplantation development from zygote
to expanded blastocyst stage. During blastocyst formation, the first three embryonic
lineages are established. Unspecified cells (yellow) progressively segregate into
extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm externally and primitive endoderm internally;
red) and inner cells at the origin of the embryo proper (pluripotent epiblast; green).
To learn more about the role of PI3K in murine epiblast and primitive endoderm specification,
see Geiselmann et al. Image credit: Adèle Micouin and Michel Cohen-Tannoudji.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_2.txt,allv2,60_2.txt,"On the cover: These images show cross-sections of a 9.5-day mouse embryo showing mosaically
labeled cells, nuclei, and the notochord in different colors in different panels.
In this issue, Gredler and Zallen describe the dynamic behaviors of notochord precursors
as they organize to generate this critical embryonic signaling center through the
assembly and fusion of multicellular rosettes. To learn more about how epithelial
sheets form in the mammalian embryo, see Gredler and Zallen (p. 933–950). Image credit:
Marissa Gredler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_14.txt,ave_3,58_14.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of the increasing complexity of the developing
mouse embryo. The bright colors represent the embryonic lineage (epiblast), whereas
the dark blue color represents the supportive (extraembryonic) tissues. After the
blastocyst implants (E4.5, top, middle image), the embryo transforms into an early
egg cylinder (E5.5, top, right image). At E5.5, the epiblast (white/cyan) is an epithelial
monolayer surrounding the proamnioitic cavity. By E7.5 (bottom right), the epiblast
is patterned into anterior (yellow/orange) and posterior (white/cyan) regions, which
further increases its complexity, initiating organogenesis at E8.5 (bottom left).
To learn more about the process of embryonic morphogenesis, read Kim et al., pp. 1937–1956.
Image credit: Yung Su Kim and Ivan Bedzhov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_9.txt,multiBv1,57_9.txt,"On the cover: The image shows examples of 3D epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), which model
the early gastrulating mouse epiblast, arranged artistically. The general structure
of the 3D EpiSCs is depicted by F-actin staining (sepia) and a nuclear DAPI staining
(cyan). Cells that express the primitive streak marker Brachyury are shown in magenta.
To learn more about how these cells emerge in homogenous culture conditions and provide
insight into early mouse development, see Sato et al. Image credit: Marta Shahbazi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_15.txt,groundtruth,59_15.txt,val
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.png,D,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"High-throughput microfluidic 3D cell culture systems can be designed with different biological complexity, cell sources and cell configurations to model aspects of human tissues and organs. Such microfluidic systems can thereby serve as non-clinical testing tools for drug development. See Jihoon Ko et al.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Human-based in vitro models, such as organs-on-chips and organoids, can be engineered and customized for various tissues and pathophysiological conditions, and may replace certain animal models in preclinical research. The question remains how ‘human’ the model has to be to enable human disease modelling. See Anna Loewa et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_6.png,B,"A gold-star-coated aluminum substrate-based SERS immunoassay platform for the selective detection of blood-based biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, p-Tau, and t-Tau of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). SERS spectral data augmented by the machine learning technique yielded high sensitivity of the order of an attomolar concentration of the biomarkers and successfully differentiated between controls and patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. The image was generated with the assistance of ChatGPT, powered by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,"A silver-metallized gold nanorods multicolorimetric sensor array, designed to detect and discriminate dopaminergic agents for assessing nervous system disorders, yielded significant results in simultaneous detection and discrimination of benserazide (Benz), levodopa (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Nanoparticles act as warriors in combating pathogens from entering the brain or provide therapeutic approaches to the pathogen-infected CNS. Nanoparticles cover a wide range of Au, CeO2, peptides, liposomes, and drug encapsulated polymers. For more information, see ""Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapy for Pathogen-Related Infections in the CNS"" by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,"Detection and discrimination of neurotransmitters play a vital role in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine can be simultaneously detected using array-based sensing. The responses collected from the sensing elements provide unique fluorescent patterns, used as fingerprints in the recognition of target analytes. Artificial neural networks can also find the identities of neurotransmitters from their spectral response profiles. Image credit: Somayeh Jafarinejad and Arafeh Bigdeli.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_24.txt,allv2,2020_24.txt,val
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_11.png,C,"Five types of crocins were produced using two plant-derived glycosyltransferases in E. coli, and the whole-cell biotransformation rates are up to 66.1% and 59.6% from the crocetin.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2020_8.txt,allv2,2020_8.txt,– can we build a cell from scratch? The achievements in the two areas of cell-free systems and compartmentalization have brought acceleration into developing the fascinating field of building a life-like cell-mimic.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2020_2.txt,sbert,2020_2.txt,growing in a solution containing the CNTs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Model cereal grass Setaria viridis growing with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum brasilense strains that have been engineered to stably release ammonia via multicopy genetic circuit redundancy of glutamine synthetase unidirectional adenylyltransferases (uATs).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_2.txt,multiBv1,2021_2.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_1.png,C,"Neurofeedback for soldiers
Improving emotional regulation is a critical skill in response to stress. A study in this issue shows that soldiers in combat training who undergo electroencephalography-based neurofeedback training of amygdala activity improve their ability to regulate emotion, a skill that may protect them from future psychiatric disorders.
See Keynan et al. See also News and Views by Young.
Image: Yaara Shattner, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"BOLD troubles
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key tool for understanding brain function. Korponay et al. show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal — which fMRI uses to measure brain activity — is susceptible to artefacts from low-frequency blood flow signals (sLFOs), which can produce false positives in functional connectivity. These artefacts, linked to changes in respiration and heart rate during scanning, distort connectivity measures. The authors develop a specialized sLFO denoising method, which improves the accuracy and reliability of functional connectivity findings.
See Korponay et al.
Image: Marc Raley. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_5.txt,multiBv1,8_5.txt,"Executive function delays in neurodevelopmental conditions
Executive function delays are common in childhood neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and tic disorders. However, it has been unclear whether delays in executive function development are a transdiagnostic feature of these conditions. Sadozai and colleagues address this question through a systematic review and meta-analysis of 180 studies. They find that, although there are a few differences among conditions, executive function delays are a transdiagnostic marker for neurodevelopmental conditions.
See Sadozai et al.
Image: Chris Sheng from Heifei Sondii Media Technology Co., Ltd. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Phonemic discrimination in the newborn brain
Newborn infants are able to perceive phonemes — the smallest units of speech — but it is unclear whether this is an innate ability or learnt after birth. Wu et al. show that the brains of newborns can rapidly learn to discriminate phonemes within the first few hours of life.
See Wu et al. See also Research Briefing
Cover image: Image courtesy of Junshi Shen, Shenzhen University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_5.txt,sbert,6_5.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.png,D,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,ave_2,2024_3.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,ave_3,2024_8.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,"An overview of micro air sensor AirGradient OpenAir PM monitor performance evaluation and potentials for PM2.5 source identification in an urban setting (University of Ghana, Accra, Afri-SET reference site) using the reported data.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Cell Chemical Biology,31_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.png,C,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation
marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated
the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient
degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy
of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation
cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary
complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates
the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex
formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,multiBv1,30_6.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. identified a small molecule, C646, that directly targets the nuclear export factor,
Exportin-1 (XPO1), and induces its degradation. Furthermore, the chromatin localization
of histone methyltransferase p300 is also abrogated, explaining why C646 previously
showed phenotypes expected of p300 inhibition. Covalently targeting XPO1 represents
a unique approach to disrupting the chromatin localization of numerous factors (multi-colored
complex on top right), including XPO1 and p300. Image credit: Ella Maru Studios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_8.txt,ave_3,31_8.txt,"On the cover: Kotagiri et al. identified a potent and highly selective PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera),
YD23, that degrades SMARCA2 (dark green) in the SWI/SNF complex through proteosomes.
SMARCA2 degradation inactivates the SWI/SNF complex in the nucleus leading to reduced
chromatin accessibility at enhancers of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and
inhibits the growth of SMARCA4-mutant cancer cells. Image credit: Sasi Kotagiri, Nicholas
Blazanin, and Yonathan Lissanu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.txt,groundtruth,31_1.txt,"On the cover: Rana et al. develop the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) Versortrexate (VSTX), shown in
the foreground, as a composite molecule of the antifolate methotrexate (red) and the
E3 ligase-targeting small-molecule thalidomide (blue). Once VSTX engages dihydrofolate
reductase (DHFR) (foreground), it catalyzes DHFR’s proteasome-dependent degradation,
depicted as disintegrating images of DHFR. Artwork designed by Darryl Leja and James
Inglese.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.txt,allv2,31_14.txt,train
iScience,27_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_12.png,A,"On the cover: A living thermometer with a rainbow of colors and deeper than a 10-story
building, the Grand Prismatic Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park abodes with
thermophilic microbes, chlorophyll, carotenoids, soil, organics, and hydrothermal
water. This is nature's high-temperature, chromatic, organofunctionalized slurry.
Sarkar et al. show how viscoelastic properties in clay slurries alter when the clay is organomodified
with betaines. Image credit: Kausik Mukhopadhyay.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_12.txt,groundtruth,27_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of iScience, Enoki et al. performed time-lapse imaging of the circadian rhythm in mammalian master clock neurons
under warm and cold temperatures and asked whether the circadian clock continues or
stops during hypothermia. In the image, the animals are seated around the table at
Alice's “A Mad Tea Party” and are served either cold or hot tea, and the animals have
their own clocks. During the cold winter season (far side), the animals hibernate
with a stopped clock controlled by a hatmaker of calcium ions. In the warm spring
(rear side), the animals wake up, and the clock starts ticking again at the same time
as the environmental clock. Cover artwork by Keiko Nakamura (Space-Time Inc.) and
Hiroyuki Adachi (Sofa Graphic Design).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_1.txt,sbert,26_1.txt,"On the cover: The waves and water balloons represent transfected neoblasts in vitro expressing exogenous NanoLuc mRNA. The dark sky is full of black holes, indicating
unknown mysteries in the planarian research field. The tree with fresh leaves in the
river stands for the tremendous efforts and strides in the field. The black holes
remaining to be filled indicate requirements for new tools to study the unknown mysteries
in planarians. Image credit: Kai Lei.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_10.txt,multiBv1,26_10.txt,"On the cover: The study characterized the microbial community composition of liquefied
soil after an earthquake. Our finding sets up an alternative monitoring methodology
for soil liquefaction after seismic events.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/24_4.txt,allv2,24_4.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.png,C,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,"20 years of Nature Immunology
Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_6.txt,ave_3,21_6.txt,"Predicting longevity of antibody responses
The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses.
See Cortese et al.
Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"Comorbidities alter antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccine
Kedzierska and colleagues examine the response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in Australian First Nations people, a population with a high burden of comorbidities. The artwork depicts the organs affected by chronic disease as five large dots (for heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and brain), surrounded by bush medicine leaves and smaller dots representing the researchers and health professionals sharing information.
See Kedzierska et al.
Image: Zoe Mardijbalina Fitzpatrick – Mardijbalina Art (https://mardijbalinaart.com) Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,ave_2,24_7.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_6.png,B,"An antibody/metal-organic framework-modified paper-based device was developed for the isolation and detection of small extracellular vesicles. Combining the advantages of filtration and immune capture methods, this versatile automatic platform possessed superior isolation performance compared to traditional ultracentrifugation methods with much less cost and time.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2022_21.txt,ave_3,2022_21.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"The inclusive droplet digital ELISA (iddELISA) expands the boundaries of digital immunoassays by incorporating all types of bead encapsulations into the analysis, enhancing assay efficiency, and simplifying operations. This innovative approach holds great promise for the early detection of low-abundance biomarkers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,"Droplet-based microfluidic technologies have transformed the paradigm of biochemical experimentation in recent years, enabling a range of chemical and biological operations to be performed at ultrahigh speed and with outstanding efficiency. Such tools have been used in a diversity of applications, including single cell analysis, RNA sequencing, small molecule screening, directed evolution, in vitro diagnostics, tissue engineering, and materials synthesis. Herein, we highlight and discuss some of these important, successful, and exciting applications over the past 2 years. Image concept by Dr. Yun Ding. Image created by Yujia Ma.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2020_24.txt,ave_2,2020_24.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_7.png,C,"On the cover: This cover describes a two-step therapeutic approach based on melanoma
phenotype switching (represented as melanoma metamorphosis). First, proliferative
cells (insect larvae) are differentiated to dendritic melanoma cells (butterflies)
by using MTX (cocoons). By upregulating MITF, MTX depletes the pool of invasive melanoma
cells that drive metastasis formation (infested apples) and sensitizes differentiated
cells to TMECG therapy. The effectiveness of the therapy is strictly dependent on
processing of the TMECG prodrug (butterflies net) by TYR (girl), a melanocyte-specific
gene, therefore avoiding damage to other cell types that is a major disadvantage of
conventional chemotherapies. Cover design by Leticia Rodríguez Ruano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/24_6.txt,allv2,24_6.txt,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_1.txt,multiBv1,41_1.txt,"On the cover: Liu et al. reveal the evolutionary dynamics and tumor-immune interplay in acral melanoma (AM).
The cover metaphorically represents the progression from AM in situ (AMis) to invasive AM (iAM). AMis tumors (grapes near vines) are homogeneous (green),
and iAM close to them are also green, indicating monoclonal dissemination. During
vertical invasion, some grapes change in shape and color, representing increased heterogeneity.
These abnormal tumors (purple grapes) are more invasive, and APOE+CD163+ macrophages
(birds) are attracted to promote tumor invasion. Image credit: Hengkang Liu and Ruidong
Xue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,"On the cover: Tumors are characterized by proliferating cancer cells (here mimicked
by colored candies) acquiring and selecting distinct genomic alterations (the colors
of the candies). The advantage provided by one alteration, and thus its probability
of being selected, depends on the alterations already present. For example, the red
alteration synergizes with the orange alteration, leading to clonal expansion of red
and orange cells. Conversely, the red alteration does not provide a selective advantage
with the green alteration, and thus it is not selected. For more details, see Mina
et al., pp. 155–168.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/32_5.txt,sbert,32_5.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,43_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/43_1.png,D,Image depicts bacterial fragments being pieced together to form whole genomes. Bishara et al. report an approach that assembles short barcoded reads and generates high-quality draft microbial genomes (p 1067). Image credit: Ryan Charles Leung Brewster and Eli L. Moss. Credit corrected online 15 November 2018.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_2.txt,ave_2,36_2.txt,"A catalog of Earth’s microbiomes
Illustration showing the completion of a genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes. Nayfach et al. apply metagenomics to more than ten thousand samples from diverse habitats, extending the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea.
See Nayfach et al.
Image: Zosia Rostomian/CSO and Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh/JGI, Berkeley Lab. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_9.txt,allv2,39_9.txt,"Microorganisms from a mud sample collected in Lake Washington (Seattle). Zhang and colleagues describe a new approach to cloning that facilitates the identification of natural products from sequenced microorganisms or metagenomic samples (p 440). Credit: ©Dennis Kunkel Microscopy (colorization by Ekaterina Latypova). Sample from Mila Chistoserdova, University of Washington, Seattle.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/30_8.txt,ave_3,30_8.txt,"Citizen science improves microbial phylogeny
To crowdsource the alignment of 1 million RNA sequences from the human microbiome, Sarrazin-Gendron et al. created a minigame integrated within a popular commercial video game. More than 4 million participants contributed to improving a multiple sequence alignment for microbial phylogeny estimations and association.
See Sarrazin-Gendron et al.
Image: The Gearbox Entertainment Company. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/43_1.txt,groundtruth,43_1.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_4.png,A,"The cover shows a novel therapeutic fusion protein that occurs as a homodimer. One monomer is colored according to the hydrogen exchange results, and the other monomer is colored according to the computational modeling results, both performed to understand the sites responsible for reversible self-association. The methodologies are indicated schematically, and the dual-colored dimer indicates the symbiosis of these methodologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Münter et al. present a novel microscopy-based methodology, allowing for measuring binding of proteins to authentic LNPs with single-particle resolution. This is used to study the content of anti-LNP antibodies in human blood plasma before and after vaccination against COVID-19 with mRNA vaccines.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"The macromolecular complex mATF-HSA:NM was prepared by the DIP method and enriched to triple-negative breast cancer with high uPAR expression through active targeting (binding to uPAR on the tumor surface) and passive targeting (EPR effect), which has a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_11.txt,allv2,2023_11.txt,"Liquid droplets (top left) generated from antibodies (red) and polyglutamate (green) were formulated into lipid nanoparticles (purple). Through this magic, the antibodies were effectively delivered into cells to bind target proteins in the cytosol (green).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_10.png,C,"Phonon evolution with a twist
Raman measurements of twisted bilayer MoS2 as a function of twist angles, with theoretical support, reveal phonon renormalization in this moiré superlattice.
See Quan et al.
Image: Erik Zumalt, University of Texas at Austin, and Lukas Linhart, Vienna University of Technology. Cover Design:Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,"Excitons between the sheets
Ultrafast transition between exciton phases in van der Waals heterostructures.
See Merkl et al. and Cundiff News & Views.
IMAGE: Image by Brad Baxley, Part to Whole. COVER DESIGN: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_6.txt,ave_2,18_6.txt,"Growing tunable moirés
Two-dimensional structures with tunable moiré patterns, which display tunable interlayer excitons and moiré intralayer excitons, are achieved by epitaxial bottom-up growth.
See Fortin-Deschênes et al.
Image: Yihao Song and Matthieu Fortin-Deschênes, Yale University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_10.txt,groundtruth,23_10.txt,"Moiré superlattices in twisted perovskites
Moiré superlattices in twisted two-dimensional halide perovskites are realized, revealing the emergence of localized bright excitons with enhanced emissions and trapped charge carriers.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Shuchen Zhang, Purdue University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_4.txt,multiBv1,23_4.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_9.png,B,"On the cover: Tissue metabolism following exercise is dependent upon the time of day
at which it is conducted and the alignment of the circadian clock. However, the optimal
time to elicit a desired metabolic outcome in response to exercise has not been completely
defined. In this issue, Sato et al. (pp. 329–345) mapped and compared the global metabolic
response to acute exercise conducted at two different times of day. Both the production
and distribution of canonical and novel timed exercise-specific metabolites were revealed
utilizing a systems biology approach. The cover illustrates a runner on the track
representative of the metabolite exerkines identified in the study about to “run”
to different metabolic tissues in response to exercise. The sky above is visualized
in both night and day, displaying the timed nature of the exercise. Illustration by
Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/34_11.txt,ave_3,34_11.txt,"On the cover: “Variability is the law of life, and as no two faces are the same, so
no two bodies are alike.”—Sir William Osler, 1903. Noone and Mucinski et al. outline the numerous factors contributing to individual response variation to exercise.
As the foundation of individual differences, intrinsic in sync with extrinsic factors
strongly impact health and response to exercise or treatment programs. Ultimately,
these factors must be synergistically considered for effective personalized preventative
medicine and greatest health outcomes. Image credit: Julia Saxton (julia.saxton@adventhealth.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_9.txt,groundtruth,36_9.txt,"On the cover: Our Special Issue on physical activity coincides with our Cell Symposium
on Exercise Metabolism on July 12–14. The molecular basis for the beneficial effects
of exercise, such as protection against diabetes and cardiovascular disease or improved
cognitive function, is incompletely understood. Amongst the Special Issue articles,
we include a Perspective by Neufer et al. on pp. 4–11 distilling the findings of a
recent NIH workshop on physical activity research. The cover image depicts the integrative
nature of biological networks activated during physical activity and how these pathways
connect to metabolic health. Illustration by Ethan Tyler, NIH.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, Ashcroft et al. review evidence detailing how exercise induces cardiometabolic health benefits across
multiple tissues. The cover centers around a running silhouette, which serves to highlight
the central importance of acute and chronic exercise interventions in the prevention
of metabolic disease. The exercising silhouette is set upon a background of symbols
and colors, which represent the adaptations that occur at a cellular level across
multiple tissues. Image by Mattias Karlén.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_11.txt,multiBv1,36_11.txt,val
Nature Sustainability,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_10.png,C,"Land freight multiple impacts
Per-capita land freight in the United States, as pictured, has been increasing in recent decades. Bond and colleagues analyse projections to 2050 to examine the emissions, health and climate impacts of US freight truck and rail transportation under various policy scenarios.
See Bond et al.
Image: Mark Stone/CIG/ aerial support by LightHawk/University of Washington. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_11.txt,ave_3,2_11.txt,"Policies for the Anthropocene
Transgressing planetary boundaries generates complex and long-run threats. Sterner et al. discuss the importance of analysing the underlying mechanisms across scientific domains, taking politics into account, in order to design policies that allow human life to thrive over time within the biophysical limits of planet Earth.
See Sterner et al.
Image: NASA. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,"Sustainable space
We are rapidly expanding our reach into Earth’s orbital space and beyond. The adverse impacts of this development occur right here on Earth’s surface and in our atmosphere, in our near orbital space and all the way to our ability to see into the stars. As we show in this month’s Focus, it is now urgent to extend our notions of protecting a sustainable future on Earth to ensure a sustainable future in space.
See Editorial
Credit: NASA/ESA/STScI. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,"Shaping sustainable cooling
Cooling demand is expected to increase. A new framework of socio-economic, technological, environmental and geopolitical factors allows researchers to identify sustainable cooling solutions, which go beyond improving technology.
See Khosla et al.
Image: ballyscanlon / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_10.txt,ave_2,4_10.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_2.png,C,10.1021/cb9002909) demonstrate that the emission color of a bioluminescent protein can be shifted by site-specifically incorporating non-natural amino acids into the jellyfish-derived photoprotein aequorin in vivo. Image courtesy of Laura Rowe and Sylvia Daunert.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2010_8.txt,sbert,2010_8.txt,A photoactivatable erythropoietin mimetic peptide drives nuclear localization of the transcription factor NF-κB (red) selectively in macrophages that express a chimeric receptor (green) containing the extracellular domain of the erythropoietin receptor and the intracellular tail of toll-like receptor 4. Art designer: Thinh Nguyen Duc.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,"Fluorescently labeled neutrophils (green) migrate from the blood island toward a tissue lesion generated by irradiating a small area of the fish with light, causing the production of cytotoxic radicals via activation of a photolatent BAPO compound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"The toxicity of a nanopore-forming protein is controlled exclusively using visible light as a result of the incorporation of a water-soluble tetra-ortho-fluoro-substituted azobenzene photoswitch. The geometry of the switch under blue light prevents nanopore formation, while upon green light irradiation, the protein is activated, resulting in targeted cell destruction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_11.txt,multiBv1,2024_11.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_13.png,A,"Many aspects of cell homeostasis and integrity are maintained by the nucleotide-binding
oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.
The NLRP3 oligomeric protein complex assembles in response to exogenous and endogenous
danger signals. This inflammasome has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of
a wide range of disease conditions, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases. As
NLRP3 modulates autophagy, which is also a key regulator of inflammasome activity,
excessive inflammation may be controlled by targeting these intersecting pathways.
In a Review article of this issue, Bonam, Mastrippolito et al. discuss the potential of strategies that target the lysosomal autophagy–NLRP3 inflammasome
intersecting pathways in the context of autoimmune and metabolic diseases. Image credit:
Grace Maina via Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_13.txt,groundtruth,45_13.txt,"Autoantibody binding is central to autoimmune diseases and broadly
linked to cancer, infections, and behavioural disorders. The lack of understanding
of disease-specific epitopes — crucial for pathology and diagnosis — has led to
misclassification of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this issue, Ivan Talucci
and
Hans Michael Maric propose the utilization of newly available technology to decode
epitope landscapes in neurological diseases to unlock new avenues for patient
diagnosis and treatment. They highlight the relevance of B and T cell epitopes for
identifying biomarkers in high-risk patients and discuss how synthetic and cellularsurface
display technologies can improve diagnosis and enable treatments. The
cover image depicts a combination of epitope landscapes decoded from microarray
chip-based experiments. Cover designed by Ivan Talucci and Hans Michael Maric
using Adobe illustrator and Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_4.txt,sbert,45_4.txt,"Most neurodegenerative disorders involve protein misfolding and the aggregation of
specific proteins. Targeting autophagy through selective degradation of abnormally
folded proteins by the lysosomal pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy. However,
autophagy impairment may also contribute to neurodegenerative processes. Thus, a complex
scenario is emerging where autophagy may play a dual role in neurodegenerative diseases
by causing the downstream effect of promoting the degradation of misfolded proteins
and an upstream effect where its deregulation perturbs global proteostasis, contributing
to disease progression. In this issue, René Vidal, Soledad Matus, Leslie Bargsted,
and Claudio Hetz discuss challenges in the future development of therapeutic strategies
to target the autophagy pathway. Cover image courtesy of Sergio Cifuentes Mena.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/35_2.txt,allv2,35_2.txt,"Discoidin domains (DS) are found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic extracellular and transmembrane
multidomain proteins. DS-domain containing proteins are often involved in cellular
adhesion, migration, proliferation, and matrix remodeling events, while some play
a major role in blood coagulation. Mutations in the DS domains have been associated
with various diseases. On page 641–659 of this issue, Bruno Villoutreix and Maria
Miteva discuss the structure, function and modulation of the DS domains with an emphasis
on two circulating blood coagulation cofactors, factor V and factor VIII, and the
transmembrane neuropilin receptors, as they have been inhibited by biologics and small
chemical compounds. Cover courtesy of iStockPhoto/Route55",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/37_5.txt,multiBv1,37_5.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_3.png,A,"Targeting immune evasion in ovarian cancer
Jerby and colleagues present a spatial transcriptomics analysis of ovarian cancer. The image depicts the tumor microenvironment; T cells are in red, tumor cells are in gray, and each dot depicts a single RNA molecule.
See Yeh et al.
Image: Christine Yeh, Stanford University. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,"The contribution of stromal cells to the microenvironment of tumor-draining lymph nodes is poorly characterized. By comparative transcriptional analysis, Shields and colleagues (p 1118) find that tumors induce stromal reprogramming of key pathways that affect the structure and function of such lymph nodes. The original immunofluorescence image shows a resting lymph node with collagen-I-secreting stromal cells (blue), T cells (green) and B cells (red). Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/17_4.txt,ave_3,17_4.txt,"Promoting neoantigen-specific stem-like T cells
Seder and colleagues demonstrate improved antitumor efficacy by delivering a nanoparticle cancer vaccine intravenously. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed a stem-like gene signature in neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
See Seder
IMAGE CREDIT: Medmovie and Microverse Studios. COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/22_12.txt,ave_2,22_12.txt,"Cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Nature Immunology has commissioned a series of Reviews to make sense of interactions between immune cells and cancer cells, highlighting the value of spatial and other omic technologies for analysis of the tumor microenvironment, immune cell dysfunction and how to counter it to enhance CAR-based and other immunotherapies, and more.
See:
Image credit: Haiming Wei, University of Science and Technology of China. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,train
Cell Chemical Biology,31_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.png,C,"On the cover: RAS proteins have been elusive targets in the hunt for anti-cancer drug
targets for a long time, but targeted proteolysis is gaining more and more momentum
as a viable strategy. Röth et al. (pp. 1151–1163) and Simpson et al. (pp. 1164–1180)
describe the targeted degradation of RAS proteins using the constitutive and inducible
AdPROM systems, respectively. The cover symbolizes this progress by a huntress aiming
an arrow from an “AdPROM” quiver at H-RAS (crystal structure PDB: 5E95). Cover art
created by Dr. Sascha Röth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/27_4.txt,ave_3,27_4.txt,"On the cover: Kotagiri et al. identified a potent and highly selective PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera),
YD23, that degrades SMARCA2 (dark green) in the SWI/SNF complex through proteosomes.
SMARCA2 degradation inactivates the SWI/SNF complex in the nucleus leading to reduced
chromatin accessibility at enhancers of genes involved in cell-cycle progression and
inhibits the growth of SMARCA4-mutant cancer cells. Image credit: Sasi Kotagiri, Nicholas
Blazanin, and Yonathan Lissanu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_1.txt,ave_2,31_1.txt,"On the cover: Rana et al. develop the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) Versortrexate (VSTX), shown in
the foreground, as a composite molecule of the antifolate methotrexate (red) and the
E3 ligase-targeting small-molecule thalidomide (blue). Once VSTX engages dihydrofolate
reductase (DHFR) (foreground), it catalyzes DHFR’s proteasome-dependent degradation,
depicted as disintegrating images of DHFR. Artwork designed by Darryl Leja and James
Inglese.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/31_14.txt,groundtruth,31_14.txt,"On the cover: Tracking the pathway of small molecule-induced targeted protein degradation
marks a crucial step for degrader development. Schwalm et al. (753–765) investigated
the different steps of the multi-step ubiquitination cascade that result in efficient
degradation by proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). For this, degradation efficacy
of diverse PROTACs targeting WDR5 was probed at key steps of the ubiquitin degradation
cascade in living cells, identifying the formation of stable PROTAC-induced ternary
complexes as the most critical step in PROTAC optimization. The cover art illustrates
the PROTAC-induced degradation cascade with a special focus on the ternary complex
formation. Image by Martin P. Schwalm, created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Chemical Biology/30_6.txt,allv2,30_6.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_12.png,B,"The circadian system, often referred to as the “body clock”, generates 24-hr rhythms
in biological cycles and enables us to anticipate and adapt to daily environmental
changes. In pages 282–293 of this issue, Jingyi Qian and Frank Scheer describe recent
human studies suggesting a dominating role for the circadian system in the daily variation
in glucose tolerance independent of behaviors, and discuss how circadian disruption
results in disturbed glucose control and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Cover
was created by Jingyi Qian with images from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_9.txt,sbert,27_9.txt,"Aging clocks, computational models that measure biological age
and aging rate regardless of the chronological age, are important tools to study the
mechanisms of healthy longevity. However, the underlying counting units of the intrinsic
timers of these clocks are still unclear. This month, Han (pp. 11−22) proposes that
DNA damage and its associated response constitute the fundamental counting units
of aging clocks, ultimately responsible for changes in cell cycles, cellular senescence,
and functional decline in tissues. The cover represents the multiple levels of “ticking
components” of aging clocks. Cover credit: adapted from ziggymaj/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_12.txt,groundtruth,35_12.txt,"The inner workings of a clock, with its interlocked gears, is essential to maintain
proper timekeeping. Likening the gears in a clockwork mechanism to metabolic processes
can in part model how these processes affect the progression and development of cancer.
In pages 86–98 of this issue, Dr. Thomas Grunt discusses aspects of cell-signaling,
metabolism, and epigenetics which interact in various ways to prevent or promote the
progression of cancer. Understanding these interactions will likely help lead future
improvements in the treatment and prevention of this ubiquitous disease. Cover image
is from istock/barrysheene.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/29_11.txt,multiBv1,29_11.txt,"The good news is that human life expectancy is steadily increasing. The flip side
though is that the longer we live the more we are at risk for developing major diseases.
Thus, advancing age, although a reason for celebration, is the predominant risk factor
for hard to treat, life-threatening illnesses. In this issue of TEM, a Feature Review
by Valter Longo and colleagues (pages 558–566) discusses specific interventions that
have been validated across multiple organisms, including humans, such as protein restriction,
that may help slow down the aging process. And, a Science & Society article by Linda
Partridge (pages 555–557) proposes a shift in our thinking and suggests that instead
of focusing on treating age related diseases, we should tackle the aging process itself.
Cover image is from iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.png,B,"This cover art showcases ZG-2305, a novel inhibitor of FIH, designed to target its tyrosine-flip pocket. ZG-2305 shows potential in improving lipid accumulation and reversing hepatic steatosis, raising a promising strategy for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver diseases. A generative AI tool (Midjourney) was used to create a part of the artwork.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,This cover art illustrates how an optimization of stereochemistry (represented by the chiral molecules in the flasks) and electrostatics (represented by a Tesla coil in the glass container) in a glycomimetic ligand resulted in the formation of an enthalpically driven cooperative hydrogen-bond network with its target DC-SIGN. A generative AI tool (Adobe Firefly) was used to create a part of the artwork. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dilara Tastan and Serdal Tastan in the creation of the cover art.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,multiBv1,2024_22.txt,"This cover depicts the discovery process from early ligand generation to fluorescent ligand characterization.  The background represents the unattainability of receptor-ligand relationships, illuminated through the fluorescent ligand. The novel ligand is displayed interacting with the receptor target, at the infrequently targeted intracellular site, embedded within an interpretation of the phospholipid bilayer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2023_7.txt,sbert,2023_7.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_8.png,A,"Rich surface oxygen vacancies play the role of active sites for adsorption of NO2 molecules, and the Schottky junctions effectively adjust the charge transfer behavior through the conduction tunnel in the sensing material. Furthermore, In2O3 nanoparticles almost fully cover the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Mesoporous lanthanum-doped SnO2 spheres with high specific surface area, uniform diameter, and crystalline frameworks are designed",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2023_3.txt,sbert,2023_3.txt,"Long-term stability of chemical sensors is essential for prolonged collection of data for the forthcoming era of the internet of things (IoT). A highly electron-doped metal oxide contact (transparent layer) drastically improves the long-term stability of SnO2 nanowire sensor responses compared with conventional metal contact sensors, due to its chemical and thermal robustness. The fundamental concept of oxide contacts will provide a foundation for designing long-term stable oxide nanomaterial-based IoT sensors. Artwork created by Hao Zeng.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2017_1.txt,allv2,2017_1.txt,"The low bias (0.5 V) boosts a 7-fold-increased response in the Au/SnO2 H2S gas sensor with the benefit from the interface dipoles in the flower-petal-like nanostructures. With a 2 ppb limit of detection at room temperature, the sensor is ideal for environmental and breath disease monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_1.png,B,"Dreams have intrigued humankind since the dawn of recorded history. The scientific
study of dreams, however, has a much briefer history. On pages 88–100, Yval Nir and
Giulio Tononi overview recent research on the nature of conscious experience during
dreaming and the underlying neural basis of dreams, present the major theoretical
approaches to dreaming, and discuss how findings on the phenomenology and neural basis
of dreams can be integrated in order to address major outstanding questions in the
field.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/14_12.txt,allv2,14_12.txt,"Is a cognitive science of dreaming possible? In this issue of Trends in Cognitive
   Sciences, Remington Mallett and colleagues address the historical barriers and recent
advancements in dream research, focusing on the challenges of objective observation
and
the limitations of retrospective recall. The authors highlight innovative methodologies,
such as
content decoding and real-time reporting, that enhance our understanding of dream
content
and its neural correlates. They also examine the potential of dream engineering techniques
to manipulate dream experiences for therapeutic and experimental purposes. By promoting
interdisciplinary approaches, this work sets the stage for a new era in dream science.
Cover art by Carmen Mancuso.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_1.txt,groundtruth,28_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Windt, Nielsen, and Thompson examine the widespread assumption that consciousness
is absent during deep, dreamless sleep. They present evidence suggesting that conscious
experience may persist in dreamless sleep and lay out key questions for future empirical
inquiry. Cover image from iStockphoto/Natalia Moroz. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_1.txt,ave_2,20_1.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,ave_3,26_1.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_4.png,C,"fabrication by oxidizing the peroxymonosulfate at the interlayer of Mn SSCs and reducing dissolved oxygen on the surface of the Mn SSCs, which displays an excellent sulfamethoxazole elimination performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_8.txt,multiBv1,2023_8.txt,"Selective catalysis on metal nanoparticles represents a grand challenge in chemical synthesis. This cover art illustrates how visible-light illumination alters the electronic structures of surface atoms in platinum nanoparticles, promoting the selective synthesis of phenylhydroxylamine from the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, the reaction in the dark primarily produces aniline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"Constructing charge-transfer channels in ZnIn2S4 by doping Ru single atoms (SAs), where the photogenerated electrons migrate from Ru SAs to S sites, as a result of enhanced separation of electron-hole pairs, leading to the ultrahigh H2 productivity under visible light irradiation in the absence of sacrificial agents.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The integration of green hydrogen production and storage through electrocatalysis, enabling the direct conversion of CO2 and H2O into methanol or formic acid, and N2 or NOx with H2O into ammonia, holds great promise for streamlining the hydrogen economy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_8.png,C,"Dynamic biomolecular complex prediction with generative AI
Predicting the structure of 3D biological binding complexes is a major challenge in structural biology. Qiao et al. report a diffusion model-based generative AI approach known as NeuralPLexer that enables the prediction of protein–ligand structures, including large-scale conformational changes of such structures after ligand binding, based on protein sequences and ligand molecular graphs. The methodology could advance the mechanistic understanding of biological pathways and aid the discovery of new therapeutic agents.
See Qiao et al.
Image: Frederick R. Manby and Matthew Welborn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_11.txt,multiBv1,6_11.txt,"Quantum error mitigation with neural networks
The development of quantum hardware has reached a stage where meaningful quantum computing tasks are within reach, provided that the effects of noise can be mitigated. Most error mitigation methods require specific information about the noise channels that affect a quantum computation, the hardware implementation or the quantum algorithms themselves. Machine learning provides an alternative route to error mitigation, and Bennewitz et al. demonstrate a new technique that uses neural networks to mitigate errors in finding the quantum ground states of molecular Hamiltonians. The method is highlighted by the experimental preparation of the ground states of LiH at different bond lengths using IBM’s five-qubit chip, IBMQ-Rome.
See Elizabeth R. Bennewitz et al.
Image: Image courtesy of Dr. Derek Noon. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_6.txt,allv2,4_6.txt,"Generating quantum circuits
Quantum computing promises to be a transformative technology, but there are several challenges in realizing quantum computing hardware. One is the generation of quantum circuits that perform desired operations. Denoising diffusion models excel at this task, providing a powerful and flexible method to create circuits in a variety of scenarios. Given a text prompt that describes a quantum operation, they rely on iteratively denoising an initially noisy canvas until the desired quantum circuit is reached.
See Fürrutter et al.
Image: Harald Ritsch. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Graph learning for resistive memory arrays
Graph learning with deep neural networks has become a popular approach for a wide range of applications including in drug discovery, genomics and combinatorial optimization problems, but it is computationally expensive for large datasets. An emerging approach in chip design, which combines hardware and software design, is in-memory computing, which avoids the bottleneck of conventional digital hardware in shuttling data back and forth between memory and processing units. Wang et al. demonstrate the feasibility of graph learning with an energy-efficient in-memory chip approach, with an implementation of echo state graph neural networks in random resistor arrays (see cover).
See Shaocong Wang et al.
Image: Shaocong Wang and Zhongrui Wang (University of Hong Kong), and Yi Li and Dashan Shang (Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences). Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_11.txt,ave_2,5_11.txt,train
Joule,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_2.txt,allv2,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The rising global population is driving increased demand for food production
while farmers around the world confront unprecedented challenges due to changing climate
conditions. The cover image showcases a prototype electro-agriculture system, which
produces food using CO2 as the raw material. As presented by Crandall et al., this approach combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to boost food production efficiency. By utilizing
acetate generated from CO2 through renewable electricity, electro-agriculture enables the heterotrophic growth
of crops, bypassing the efficiency constraints of photosynthesis. Artist/image source:
Feng Jiao (Washington University in St. Louis in the United States).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"On the Cover: Light-independent biological conversion of CO2 is a key ingredient for successful CO2 utilization that yields environmental and economic benefits. Producing both high-margin
products and high-volume products will promote economic and global-scale CO2 utilization. Top: the hourglass depicts the transformation of CO2 by microorganisms into various chemical building blocks. Bottom: over time, the CO2-derived bioproducts help build a sustainable future. Cover art by Meredith Fields.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.png,A,"Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Light-Induced Increase of the Local Molecular Coverage on a Surface (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 5919–5926. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00559). Clockwise from top left: Effects of Pore Arrangement of TiO2-Coated Porous Alumina Membranes on Photocatalytic Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (15), 6478–6486. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01029); Quantum Dot Fluorescent Imaging: Using Atomic Structure Correlation Studies to Improve Photophysical Properties (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (9), 3632–3640. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07367); Ultrafast Energy Funneling in Two-Dimensional Mixed-Halide Perovskites Caused by Intrinsic Halide Immiscibility (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (1), 279–286. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07170). In Situ Tracked Hybridization Phenomenon of Gold Nanorods in Monolayer Systems (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (14), 6065–6071. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08164); Tailoring the Reaction Pathway for Control of Size and Composition of Silver–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2024, 128 (21), 8660–8671. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00321).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent covers of J. Phys. Chem. C. Top left: B12@Mg20B12: A Stable Molecular Pentakis Dodecahedron (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (29), 17639–17643. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12141). Top right: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (35), 21309–21326. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02178). Middle: Safer-by-Design Fluorescent Nanocrystals: Metal Halide Perovskites vs Semiconductor Quantum Dots (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (20), 12527–12541. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12228). Bottom right: Unraveling Excitonic Effects for the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Chromophore Aggregates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (22), 13818–13836. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12445). Bottom left: Spatially Controlled Reduction and Growth of Silver in Hollow Gold Nanoshell Particles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (16), 10614–10621. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11864).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_52.txt,allv2,2020_52.txt,"Collage of artwork from recent covers of J. Phys. Chem. C. Top left: B12@Mg20B12: A Stable Molecular Pentakis Dodecahedron (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (29), 17639–17643. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12141). Top right: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (35), 21309–21326. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02178). Middle: Safer-by-Design Fluorescent Nanocrystals: Metal Halide Perovskites vs Semiconductor Quantum Dots (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (20), 12527–12541. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12228). Bottom right: Unraveling Excitonic Effects for the First Hyperpolarizabilities of Chromophore Aggregates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (22), 13818–13836. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b12445). Bottom left: Spatially Controlled Reduction and Growth of Silver in Hollow Gold Nanoshell Particles (J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123 (16), 10614–10621. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11864).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2020_38.txt,ave_2,2020_38.txt,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Mechanistic Study of the Effect of Epoxy Groups on Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reaction on Carbon Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (15), 8031–8044. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10702). Clockwise from top left: Type-I CdSe/ZnS Heteronanoplatelets Exhibit Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Interfacial Trap-Mediated Hole Transfer (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (43), 23945–23951. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07390); Tuning the Sheet Resistance, Ferromagnetism, and H2O2 Sensitivity of ITO Film by Introducing Tunable Pores (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (18), 10159–10164. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02583); Tunable and Well-Defined Bimodal Porous Model Electrodes for Revealing Multiscale Structural Effects in the Nonaqueous Li–O2 Electrode Process (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (2), 1403–1413. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c10446); Determination of Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield of a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework (J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125 (13), 7392–7400. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c00310).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2022_51.txt,sbert,2022_51.txt,test
ACS Photonics,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_7.png,C,"Tip-coupling of gold nanorods arranged in periodic arrays in near-field microscopy. The tip–sample system is illuminated with a laser, and the tip probes the optical response of gold nanorods in the near-field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2021_1.txt,allv2,2021_1.txt,"The image artistically illustrates the interaction of light with a colloidal superstructure of a triangulated core decorated with gold nanoparticles. Besides the excitation of hotspots at the so-called satellite particles, the pronounced diffuse scattering is portrayed, which is characteristic for larger core particles above 100 nm in size.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2020_6.txt,ave_3,2020_6.txt,. The image portrays light incident on the particle–surface system being funneled into polaritons supported by the surface. This effect is experimentally demonstrated by Abdullah et al. through the observation of enhanced light-to-surface coupling assisted by gold disks placed at an optimum distance from a gold surface. The strategy provides a solution to the long-standing problem of light–polariton coupling in nanophotonics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Strong coupling between light and matter excitations, such as excitons and phonons, is of crucial importance for enabling novel optical effects, such as polariton lasing and photon blockade. In the Perspective by Baranov et al., the authors review emerging nanostructures and materials for realization of strong light−matter interaction and discuss open challenges in the field. The cover art schematically depicts a plasmonic nanocavity comprised by a dimer of two plasmonic nanodisks, with an exciton in the gap that couples to the optical mode of the nanocavity. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00674. Image courtesy of Denis G. Baranov.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2018_12.txt,sbert,2018_12.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_6.png,C,"In the auto-thermal reforming of acetic acid on Ni-Mg-Cr catalysts, HAc is prone to activation at the interface between Ni and supports (MgCr2O4/Cr2O3) forming activated coke precursors, CO2, and H2. Coke precursors can directly oxidize to form CO by O*, which is considerably accelerated by the oxidation of C*.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_18.txt,sbert,2023_18.txt,"Modulation of the electrode interface microenvironment directly impacts the performance of CO2 reduction. A stable surface hydroxylation environment was successfully created by capping gluconic acid, as a freshly oxidized product of glucose, on a newly formed Cu2O catalyst surface to enhance *CO adsorption and thus the formation of C2+ products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"Theory and experiment revealed important geometric and electronic effects of C60 in promoting the catalytic reactions by reversibly accepting and donating electrons to the adsorbed copper, resulting in the alternating formation of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Strategic incorporation of nucleic bases boosts the catalytic H2 production response by synthetic cobalt complexes in water.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_13.txt,multiBv1,2023_13.txt,train
Trends in Microbiology,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_11.png,A,"The cover schematic summarizes the heterogeneity of Mycobacterium
   tuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen responsible for tuberculosis, upon treatment with
antibiotics. When treated with antibiotics, some mycobacteria will perish while other
mycobacteria will localize in specific environments (represented under an umbrella)
protected from the antibiotics. Given the pressing need for rapid, cost-effective
and
potent anti-tuberculous drugs, a more critical examination of the contribution of
host
environments with regards to antibiotic distribution and efficacy is highly relevant.
These concepts are discussed in the Review article by Dr. Day and colleagues.
Image courtesy: Dr. Noémie Matthey",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"Mycobacteria that cause human infections can range from true pathogens (i.e. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, and Mycobacterium ulcerans) to opportunistic (i.e.
Mycobacterium avium). Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging opportunistic pathogen,
however, unlike some mycobacteria, it grows rapidly. On pages 117–123, Medjahed et
al. discuss what is currently known about M. abscessus. Cover design by Jean-Louis
Gaillard.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/18_10.txt,ave_2,18_10.txt,"On The Cover: The heterogeneous interactions between immune cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induce variations in tuberculous lung lesions, which adversely affect drug
permeation and pathogen clearance. Mtb resides inside diverse macrophages (e.g., M1,
M2, alveolar, and interstitial) during infection, where a gradient of immune stresses
such as acidic pH and nitric oxide allows for the selection of drug-tolerant bacteria.
The environment inside macrophages induces redox heterogeneity within intraphagosomal
Mtb, such that cytosolically reduced bacteria show multi-drug tolerance, whereas oxidized
and basal bacteria remain sensitive to killing by antibiotics. Image courtesy: Tejeswini
Padma (tejeswinipadma.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/29_7.txt,allv2,29_7.txt,"Many human bacterial infections consist of more than one bacterial species, and these
interact physically and chemically during infection. It is now recognised that this
‘social networking’ can influence both disease progression and response to treatment
as discussed by Short et al. on pages 508–516. The cover image is an illustration of the network of interactions
that can occur within a complex bacterial community such as those found in some human
infections. Cover image courtesy Francesca Short and Robert Ryan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Microbiology/22_4.txt,sbert,22_4.txt,val
Current Biology,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_8.png,D,"On the cover: A young adult ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus). In this issue, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch (pages 5069–5082) show that multiple
divergent species of lizards have independently evolved dynamics of scale-by-scale
skin color patterning. This process emerges from the superposition of the bumpy skin
geometry (due to the presence of scales) on top of the self-organized chromatophore
cells. The authors further demonstrate that reaction-diffusion, cellular automaton,
and Lenz-Ising models predict, in all species, the statistical features of the patterns
despite their substantially different motifs, whereas reaction-diffusion better predicts
exact scale-by-scale colors. Finally, Jahanbakhsh and Milinkovitch show that residual
scale-by-scale error is entirely explained by uncertainties in skin geometry and in
color measurements at the juvenile stage, making reaction-diffusion remarkably performant
without the need to parametrize the profusion of variables at the nanoscopic and microscopic
scales. Image by Fabrice Berger.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_2.txt,multiBv1,32_2.txt,"On the cover: Dorsal view photograph of the exceptionally preserved new genus and
species of armored dinosaur (nodosaur) Borealopelta markmitchelli, from the Early Cretaceous (110 Ma) of northern Alberta, Canada. This new animal
is described by Brown et al. (pages 2514–2521) based on an exquisite specimen (TMP
2011.033.0001) both preserving abundant soft tissues (scaly skin, keratinous sheaths,
and stomach contents) and retaining the original three-dimensional form of the body.
Analysis of the preserved skin suggests that the animal possessed countershading,
with a reddish-brown coloration. Evidence of camouflage suggests that even this large,
heavily armored dinosaur, with half-meter-long shoulder spines, was under strong predation
pressure from dinosaur carnivores. Photo credit: Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_9.txt,ave_2,27_9.txt,"On the cover: Five different species of snakes, including the aquatic garter snake
(Thamnophis atratus), are known to consume extremely toxic amphibian prey such as the rough-skinned newt
(Taricha granulosa). Extreme toxicity and the snake's resistance to it arise from coevolutionary arms
races between predators and prey. In this issue, McGlothlin and colleagues (pages
1616–1621) trace the evolutionary history of such arms races and show that their origins
depend on evolutionary changes that occurred millions of years in the past. Photograph
© Richard Greene; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_13.txt,allv2,26_13.txt,"On the cover: A shingleback lizard (Tiliqua rugosa) in defensive display shows off its characteristic bright blue tongue. In this issue,
Brennan et al. explore how novel phenotypes—like the shingleback—arise through discontinuous evolutionary
processes. In Australia, heterogeneous morphological evolution has led to an array
of forms, from giant blue-tongue lizards to armored dwarf skinks. Photograph © Jules
Farquhar; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_10.png,A,"Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors, inspired by the Review on p175.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_10.txt,groundtruth,23_10.txt,"Targeting transcription factors, inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.txt,sbert,24_2.txt,"Targeting cancer metabolism, inspired by the Review on p141.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_11.txt,ave_2,21_11.txt,test
Nature Food,5_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_10.png,B,"Marine resources for aquaculture
Salmon aquaculture is projected to grow by 2–3% per year to meet the increasing demand for aquatic foods. Wild-caught, marine-derived resources in the form of fish meal and fish oil are key sources of protein and lipids in salmon aquafeed formulations, but with wild fish stocks stagnating, this resource presents a limiting factor for future sector growth. Global salmon production potential was modelled, incorporating a 1–3% growth rate and exploring a variety of fish oil and fish meal utilization scenarios. Incorporating 3% fish oil and 3% fish meal in aquafeed could permit 2% per year production growth until 2100 — independent of novel aquaculture feeds that are currently being utilized.
Aquatic foods, such as salmon, form an important dietary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Based on these findings, 300 grams of salmon per week would provide almost all the recommended weekly intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid — demonstrating that finite marine resources, when used judiciously, can contribute to salmon aquaculture sector growth and healthy diets.
See Rocker et al.
Image: Marc Guitard/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"Nutrient retention in aquaculture
Salmon has one of the most efficient feed-to-food conversion rates among farmed animals, but its high trophic level makes salmon aquaculture a major consumer of marine resources — including species that are consumed directly by people, such as herring and mackerel. Re-allocating species currently used in salmon feeds towards direct human consumption can increase the overall amount of nutritious seafood while avoiding increases in wild-caught fish supply. Most edible feed fish contains higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, calcium, iron and vitamin A than farmed salmon. Nutrient retention approaches can drive better performance of aquaculture and identify pathways towards sustainable growth.
See Willer et al.
Image: Jeff Rotman / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_10.txt,groundtruth,5_10.txt,"Marine aquaculture’s carbon footprint
Demand for seafood is projected to rise in the coming decades. While catches from wild fisheries have stagnated, several types of aquaculture production systems have emerged to meet this demand. Marine aquaculture, or mariculture, forms a small part of the aquaculture sector with potential for growth. Climate-friendly farm designs, species selection, low-density operational practices and careful site selection can mitigate potential damage to marine ecosystems and avoid carbon loss. Mariculture’s carbon footprints could be ~40% lower than those of freshwater aquaculture based on fish feed, energy use and the aquatic environment emissions — offering an opportunity for environmentally sustainable seafood production.
See Shen et al.
Image: Abstract Aerial Art/DigitalVision/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_6.txt,ave_3,5_6.txt,"One Health aquaculture
Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic animals and plants, is one of the fastest developing food sectors globally, and in recent years has become the main source of fish available for human consumption. Applying the principles of One Health — the interconnectedness of human, animal and planetary health — could well support enhanced sustainable production in aquaculture; facilitating food and nutrition security, poverty alleviation, economic development and the protection of natural resources.
See Stentiford et al.
Image: Sami Sarkis/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_11.png,B,"Tumor cell captured via magnetic beads functionalized with tetrahedral DNA frameworks
Scanning electron micrograph of streptavidin-labeled magnetic beads (green) bound to biotin-labeled tetrahedral DNA frameworks anchored with aptamers to a HepG2 cell (pink). See Chen, Y. et al.
Image: [ Yirong Chen, Dekai Ye and Min Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University] Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_9.txt,multiBv1,19_9.txt,"Terpene cyclization inside the resorcin[4]arene capsule
Hexameric capsules that self-assemble from resorcin[4]arene are shown in this rendered image. Luminous oxygen and hydrogen atoms highlight the hydrogen bond network holding the assemblies together. In the foreground, the capsule is open, revealing its content: a cyclized presilphiperfolanol molecule. See Cornu et al.
Image : Ivan Cornu, University of Basel. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_11.txt,groundtruth,19_11.txt,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,sbert,19_12.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_12.png,D,"On the cover: The cover shows fluorescence images of mitotic cells with de novo centromeres from Drosophila melanogaster larval brains. The chromosomes are stained with DAPI (DNA, magenta) and CENP-C antibodies
(kinetochore protein, green) and are shown within the outlines of fruit flies. To
learn more about targeted de novo centromere formation, inheritance, and impact on viability and development, see Palladino
et al. on pp. 379–394.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/52_4.txt,multiBv1,52_4.txt,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence microscopy image of a chinmo mutant adult Drosophila testis with feminized somatic cells surrounding the arrested male germ cells. The
image is stained with markers for germ cells (Vasa in red), somatic membrane (Armadillo
in green), fusome (1B1 in green), and DNA (DAPI in blue). For more information on
how STAT/chinmo signaling provides the continuous input to adult stem cells that is needed to maintain
their sex throughout life, see Ma et al., pp. 474–486.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/31_3.txt,sbert,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Two stylized fly species are arranged in front of a spindle to resemble
a mitotic figure. This picture illustrates the major role of a centromeric protein
complex in species separation and mitotic division. The dark color of one fly also
depicts the role of this complex in forming transcriptionally repressive “dark” heterochromatin.
For more about this centromeric Hmr/Lhr complex and its function in species separation,
see Thomae et al., pp. 412–424. Cover art by Yuva Oz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: These confocal images of Drosophila larval salivary gland nuclei show the distinctive banding pattern of the large, highly
polytene chromosomes (stained with Hoechst in magenta and orange). Chromatin status
is visualised using antibodies for Histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (cyan). The
large size of these nuclei makes them ideal for studying transcription factor behavior.
To learn more about the biophysical behaviour of transcription effectors of the Hippo
pathway, see Manning et al. Image credit: Samuel Manning.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_12.txt,groundtruth,59_12.txt,train
Biophysical Journal,124_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_5.png,D,"Cover picture: Cells can translate mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) into intracellular
chemical signaling. One pathway by which such mechanotransduction occurs is a signaling
axis that begins with cell adhesions on the cell-ECM interface and continues through
a cascade of chemical reactions, which leads to nuclear translocation of the Yes-associated
protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif. In this cover image,
the colored lights (blue and purple lines) represent the general mechano-signal transmission
from cell adhesions to the nucleus for different types of cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/122_25.txt,ave_3,122_25.txt,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_1.txt,allv2,124_1.txt,"Cover picture: Signaling cascades initiated through cell-ECM and cell-cell contacts integrate biophysical
and chemical stimuli and regulate the levels of nuclear YAP/TAZ, which in turn direct
diverse transcriptional programs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/110_2.txt,ave_2,110_2.txt,"Cover picture: The image shows a synthetic cell-cell communication pathway in action within developing
Drosophila wing tissue. Blue marks the signal protein on the surface of a population of signal-sending
cells, and where they meet the red receptor protein on the surface of a population
of signal-receiving cells, they induce the expression of the green fluorescent protein
transcriptional output. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.007.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_5.txt,groundtruth,124_5.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_7.png,D,"Histone marks in human cortex
Girdhar, Hoffman and colleagues mapped promoter- and enhancer-associated histone acetylation and methylation marks in neuronal and non-neuronal chromatin from the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex of the adult human brain, and draw a link between the neuronal epigenome and the genetic risk architecture of schizophrenia and psychiatric traits. The cover image depicts an artist’s perspective on the interaction between chromatin, including DNA and nucleosomal histones, and the brain’s neuronal and glial networks.
See Girdhar et al.
Image: Jessica S. Johnson, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/21_5.txt,ave_2,21_5.txt,DNA methylation regulates gene expression and orchestrates tissue differentiation and development as well as guides functional activity in adulthood. Jaffe et al. and Hannon et al. show that early developmental methylation QTLs are enriched in genomic regions associated with schizophrenia risk. The cover depicts mQTLs across the genome associated with developmental time periods of the human brain. Cover design is a mixed-media collage by Helen Spiers.14048,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/19_12.txt,ave_3,19_12.txt,"Hundreds of regions across the genome have now been implicated in disorders of the brain, but navigating this data deluge and translating it into biological and mechanistic insights remains a challenge. In this special issue on neurogenomics, we present a series of Perspectives and Reviews by leading experts on the latest genomic methods, their recent discoveries in psychiatry and neurology, and their implication for and application to neuroscience. Cover image by Alexander Arguello. (p 745, pp 756-800)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_7.txt,allv2,17_7.txt,"Brain genomics in Black Americans
Racial health disparities are shaped by complex interactions among genetics and the environment . Benjamin et al. investigate differential brain gene expression and epigenetic modifications linked to ancestry variation among Black Americans, and how these relate to risks for various brain illnesses and traits.
See Benjamin et al.
Image: Tall Glass Media courtesy of the Lieber Institute for Brain Development. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_7.txt,groundtruth,27_7.txt,val
NATURE METHODS,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/22_1.png,A,"Aligning single cell trajectories
Conceptual visualization of aligning cells from two different datasets in time and space. Computational alignment is helping the Human Cell Atlas community create reference maps of the body to understand health and disease.
See Article
Image: Dinithi Sumanaweera, University of Cambridge | Su Min Suh, SciStories LLC. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,The cover shows a sample of single-particle image data overlaid with tracking result trajectories from a competition to assess the performance of single-particle tracking algorithms. Image by Erik Meijering. Analysis p281,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/11_10.txt,multiBv1,11_10.txt,A modified protocol that makes expansion microscopy compatible with conventional antibodies and fluorescent proteins was used to generate super-resolution images of dividing cells. Cover by Aaron Halpern. Brief Communication p485,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/13_7.txt,sbert,13_7.txt,The cover image artistically depicts the isolation and analysis of a single cell from within a heterogeneous cellular population. Cover design by Erin Dewalt. Supplement Foreword p307,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/8_9.txt,allv2,8_9.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.png,D,"Targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs) target cell membrane receptors which are biomarkers for diseases such as cancer, thereby “lighting up” the diseased cells selectively. Dual modal agents combine unique advantages of two different imaging methods and is a growing trend with an unmet need. A versatile modular method is presented for the synthesis of single and dual-modal TMIAs for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical molecular imaging (OMI). The modular method provides targeted probes for PET-OMI, PET-MRI, and MRI-OMI. When these bind to the receptor, they can undergo internalization into the cell by endocytosis and thereby accumulate in the cell, causing an amplification of signal. This is illustrated by the binding of a targeting agent fastened through a linker to a dual modal agent that includes a NIR dye for OMI combined with a chelated gadolinium metal for enhanced contrast in MRI. Cover art is by Alexandra McKillop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2021_6.txt,ave_2,2021_6.txt,"An engineered nanoscale drug carrier for localized, targeted drug delivery to respiratory tract infection causing opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Liposome encapsulated mesoporous silica (MSN) core−shell nanoassembly was engineered to target the outer membrane of PA through PA targeting peptide, LL-37. Upon the degradation of the liposomal shell due to lipases secreted by PA, antimicrobial peptide colistin, encapsulated within MSN core, is released near the local environment of the bacteria. Nanoassembly has the ability to target internalized bacteria within lung cells killing 99% of intracellular PA (clinical strain PA14) with causing little or no cytotoxicity to host lung cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2020_3.txt,sbert,2020_3.txt,"A rapid and reagentless electrochemical biosensor constructed from a DNA aptamer, immobilized onto a gold-working electrode. The aptamer is equipped with a redox probe at its top end, which is brought closer to the electrode surface upon target (CRP) binding, to induce a signal-ON event. This illustration was created using the AI image generator, DALL-E-3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"A dual-mode biosensor has been introduced in this work, which can form a sandwich structure comprising CdSeS and Au-N,S-GQD nanocomposites, in the presence of the target antigen of NoV-LP. Upon formation of the sandwich structure, fluorescence quenching and an increase in impedance were observed, depending on the concentration of target VLPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_3.png,D,"In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals
and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation,
C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation,
and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue,
Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal
catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant
attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs
a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential
efficient and economic C-C bond formation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Z-scheme photocatalytic systems have recently received tremendous attention because
of their strong light utilization and redox ability, allowing photocatalysts to convert
solar energy into chemical energy with high activity, selectivity, and stability.
On pages 111–127 of this issue, Liao and colleagues highlight some of the recent key
contributions in the field, including fundamental principles, characterization methods,
photocatalytic applications, and improvement strategies for future solar-driven fuel
production. Image credit: the Guangfu Liao group (China University of Geosciences).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_12.txt,ave_2,4_12.txt,"The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes
valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis
integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable
chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light
to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146
of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative
catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,"The ability to efficiently capture light energy and utilize this to convert
abundant small molecules, such as H2O, into high-value and much sought after
chemicals is still in its' infancy in catalysis, especially when compared to nature.
In their
review in this month's issue, Chen and colleagues discuss the promising progress made
when combining artificial solar energy conversion systems, such as semiconductors,
with efficient biocatalysts including enzymes and bacterial cells. This powerful
combination can provide remarkable activity, selectivity and efficiency in photocatalytic
conversion of small molecules, a step towards meet the demands of society.
Powerful hybrid systems for Image credit: C. Bo, J. Liu, X. Chen and L. Piao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_2.png,C,"To become catalytically active, eukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs) undergo conversion
from an inactive to an active conformation, which depends upon phosphorylation of
their activation loop. Paradoxically, EPKs catalyze autophosphorylation of this loop
when supposedly in their inactive state. On pages 938–953 in this issue, David Engelberg
and colleagues discuss the potential induction mechanisms of this paradoxical activation
event. Cover image and design by David Engelberg.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_2.txt,sbert,41_2.txt,"Mitochondria are mysterious, marvelous little structures. Originally thought to be
merely the “powerhouse of the cell”, interest in these organelles resurged after they
were implicated in a variety of cellular functions and pathobiologies. In this Special
Issue, we celebrate the uniqueness of mitochondria and highlight ways in which mitochondria
integrate within the broader cell, with a special focus on their roles in metabolism.
Cover image courtesy of Thomas Langer and Elena Rugarli, cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/41_11.txt,allv2,41_11.txt,"Enzymatic addition of phosphates at different positions on the inositol
ring, symbolized by a factory conveyor belt with robotic arms, generates a diverse
pool
of inositol phosphates (InsPs) in eukaryotic cells. InsPs can regulate protein function
by
several modes of action, represented by branches emerging from the central belt. On
pages 969–985, Kim et al explore the biochemical principles underlying the metabolism
of InsPs and their biological functions in mammals. Cover art by Jayraj Sen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_2.txt,groundtruth,49_2.txt,"In eukaryotes, transcription is carried out in the nucleus by three distinct multisubunit
RNA polymerases. Cells need to assemble these polymerases from their subunits and
ensure nuclear localization of the assembled enzymes. Recent studies greatly advanced
our knowledge about the assembly of one of these enzymes, RNA polymerase II. These
studies identified assembly intermediates and assembly factors, and indicate that
Pol II is assembled in the cytoplasm and then transported into the nucleus. The cover
picture shows a big container ship (symbolizing assembled Pol II) that is dragged
along a mole (symbolizing the nuclear pore) into the harbor (symbolizing the cell
nucleus) with the help of a small towboat (symbolizing a nuclear import factor). On
pages 99–105, Wild and Cramer discuss the biogenesis and intracellular transport of
Pol II as a model for all RNA polymerases.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/37_10.txt,multiBv1,37_10.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_8.png,A,"Clouds and climate sensitivity
Clouds are the leading source of uncertainty in predicting climate change because they strongly influence Earth’s energy balance, yet how they interact with the climate system is not well understood. Tropical anvil clouds produced by thunderstorms are particularly important because they reflect sunlight and trap thermal radiation, but their fate in a warming world is unclear. The image shows anvil clouds casting shadows over the Amazon rainforest.
See McKim et al.
Image: Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, NASA Johnson Space Center. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_8.txt,groundtruth,17_8.txt,"Ice clouds in the tropical tropopause layer have a key role in dehydrating air that is entering the stratosphere. Cloud-chamber measurements suggest that their high humidity can be explained if heterogeneous ice nucleation on glassy aerosols is a significant nucleation mechanism in this region. The image shows cirrus clouds over Neath, South Wales, UK. Image by Mike Davies.
Letter p233",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/3_9.txt,ave_3,3_9.txt,"Clouds stabilize climate through Earth’s history
Reduced planetary albedo due to fewer low clouds on early Earth could explain some 40% of the required forcing to offset the faint young Sun, according to global climate model experiments.
See Goldblatt et al.
Image: Dmytro Aliokhin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/14_10.txt,multiBv1,14_10.txt,"Our understanding of the interactions between clouds, circulation and climate is limited. Four central research questions — now tractable through advances in models, concepts and observations — are proposed to accelerate future progress. The image shows clouds over the tropical North Atlantic, photographed during the NARVAL (Next-generation Aircraft Remote-sensing for Validation Studies) campaign.
Perspective p261
IMAGE: BJORN STEVENS
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_9.txt,allv2,8_9.txt,train
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.png,D,"A synthetic materials-guided tissue engineering approach, wherein the scaffold?s chemical and physical properties alone instruct regeneration, holds the potential to treat clinically pervasive osteochondral defects. This cover depicts use of material chemistries and fabrication techniques, including solvent-casting–particulate-leaching, freeze-drying, additive manufacturing, and electrospinning, for the development of biphasic, triphasic, or gradient scaffolds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2020_5.txt,sbert,2020_5.txt,Morphology staining images of mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells cultured alongside electrospun fibers in 3D hydrogels. Cells grown alongside fibers extended numerous branchlike processes throughout the hydrogel.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,", first fabricating frameworks of hydrogel models by stereolithography and subsequently modifying the fabricated models with hydroxyapatite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_11.txt,multiBv1,2024_11.txt,"The visual represents the groundbreaking fabrication of 3D polycaprolactone macrostructures by 3D electrospinning. Highlighted are the optimal parameters that enable the precise construction of uniform, hydrophilic scaffolds, suitable for enhanced cell penetration and growth",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_4.png,D,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_5.txt,allv2,2025_5.txt,"This study exploits lidar technology to track the planetary boundary layer, an atmospheric structure that is key to forecast air quality and estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using lidar, GHG sensors, and atmospheric transport models, our model-data framework accurately estimates carbon dioxide fluxes and detects transboundary air pollution in Boston.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2019_10.txt,ave_2,2019_10.txt,We dedicate this cover to the global winners of Environmental Science & Technology's 2018 Reviewer Awards. See,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2018_4.txt,ave_3,2018_4.txt,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
BDJ,237_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_12.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,multiBv1,237_11.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental anxiety, cardiothoracic surgery, and the very first of our new “Review” article type!

Cover image: From 2005. A dentist painting her view from the practice ‘window on the world’, inspired by the selected cover image as an artwork hanging on the surgery wall (original cover by Irfan Ahmad, taken from Vol 199 Issue 4, 27 August 2005). See ‘Behind the new cover series’ written by Stephen in the News and Views section for further explanation.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Irfan Ahmad",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_12.txt,groundtruth,237_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on composite resin restorations, dental anatomy, and chairside learning.

Cover image: From 2008. The cover for this issue focuses on the dental world of 2008 when a significant development was the beginning of mandatory registration for dental care professionals (DCPs) with the General Dental Council. The ‘featured’ historic cover seen by the right hand of the person in this cover is a SEM, a source of images used from time to time as striking and as a literal representation of science as art; an ongoing connection. Published as Volume 204 No 3 on 9 Feb 2008, little did the world suspect that as the year developed so would a financial crisis, the effects and ramifications of which still have echoes to this day.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_10.txt,ave_2,237_10.txt,"Farewell Stephen Hancocks!
This issue features articles on clinical audit, non-healing extraction socket, and the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale.

Cover image: From 2022. For this issue, the cover celebrated is one of Stephen Hancocks’ favourites, a pop art style cover published in Volume 233 Issue 10 (25 November 2022). It was part of a series of covers celebrating 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. To mark Stephen’s 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief, the editorial team and cover artist decided to create a commemorative final cover featuring Stephen himself in pop art style. He smiles from behind a small mountain of journals while humbly accepting applause for his years of leadership.

Thank you Stephen for your 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief of the BDJ, and congratulations on your retirement. We will all miss Stephen, as a colleague, editor, advisor and friend – team meetings will never be the same!
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_1.txt,allv2,237_1.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2025_1.png,A,"Metal–organic frameworks featuring well-defined active sites enable efficient activation and conversion of methane, promoting sustainable production of value-added chemicals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Inspired by enzyme catalysis, the microenvironment is recognized to be as vital as catalytic sites. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring atomically precise and well tunable structures, are an ideal platform for rational regulation of the microenvironment surrounding catalytic sites, thereby manipulating the catalytic performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_8.txt,allv2,2021_8.txt,"The fabrication of copper-based materials with the controlled atomic arrangement and valence states based on neural network-accelerated computational simulations and skilled synthetic chemistry. Using these catalytic nanoparticles coupled with novel reactors, the selectivity of the target product is improved and the energy consumption of CO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_10.txt,ave_3,2023_10.txt,"Active site engineering, by tuning the structure and environment of the active sites, offers a great opportunity to boost the performance of electrocatalysts for green energy applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_10.txt,sbert,2021_10.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_1.png,D,"The fate of old, recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in oceans is unclear. Field samples show that loss during circulation in hydrothermal vents can account for the 40-million-year lifetime of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in oceans. The image shows hydrothermal fluids gushing from the crust into the deep North Atlantic Ocean at the Logatchev vent field.
Letter p856; News &#38; Views p820
IMAGE: © MARUM — CENTER FOR MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIV. BREMEN
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_2.txt,allv2,8_2.txt,"Antarctic Bottom Water fills much of the global abyssal ocean, and is known to form in three main sites in the Southern Ocean. Data from instrumented elephant seals and moorings suggest an additional source of bottom-water formation in the Cape Darnley polynya that is driven by sea-ice production. The image shows an instrumented Weddell seal, deployed together with the Southern elephant seals in the study.
Article p235: News &#38; Views p166
COVER IMAGE: IAIN FIELD
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/6_10.txt,ave_1,6_10.txt,"The exchange of water across the Antarctic continental shelf break brings warm waters towards ice shelves and glacier grounding lines. Ocean glider observations reveal that eddy-induced transport contributes significantly to this exchange. The image shows the deployment of a Seaglider in the northwestern Weddell Sea in January 2012.
Letter p879
IMAGE: ANDREW THOMPSON
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,"The future of deep ocean drilling
The recent decommissioning of the JOIDES Resolution vessel run by the International Ocean Drilling Program presents a challenge for research reliant on deep-ocean drilling. The image shows the ship’s drilling derrick behind pipe racks involved in the collection of deep-sea sediment cores during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 403 to the Fram Strait during the summer of 2024.
See Q&A.
Image: Thomas Ronge, IODP JRSO. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_1.txt,groundtruth,17_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_14.png,D,Artistic representation of the optical tweezers setup and sample chamber with polyaniline (PANI) microparticles. The stable trapping and manipulation of PANI beads was demonstrated for the first time using Gaussian beam optical tweezers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_7.txt,multiBv1,2023_7.txt,"-conjugated polymer films with orientation factors of ~0.9, large homogeneous areas (2 × 3 cm2), low roughness (50 nm), high strength (30 MPa), and excellent reproducibility (~96%). Herein, mechanistic investigations determine the velocities of the polymer-chain orientation, conformational change, and C–C bond elongation during iSOFT processing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_2.txt,sbert,2022_2.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,"Advanced microscopy techniques in 3D views reveal the periodic assembly of PHBV crystals. The study uncovers highly-ordered interior architectures with grating-like periodicity, which mimics the nature's assembled photonic crystals. The orderly grating assembly is tested to lead to iridescence",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,test
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_10.png,C,"Therapeutic targeting of hyperactivated Cdk5-p25 in neurodegenerative disease. For more information, see DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00096",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_16.txt,ave_3,2020_16.txt,"Therapeutic targeting of hyperactivated Cdk5-p25 in neurodegenerative disease. For more information, see DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00096",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_15.txt,ave_2,2020_15.txt,"Induction of acetylation mediated by a CBP/p300-specific KAT activator, TTK21, conjugated to carbon nanosphere (CSP), administrated orally, promotes regeneration and functional recovery of spinal cord (green) injury (red) (partially created with BioRender.com).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the most abundant components of glial scar formed after severe traumatic brain injury as well as spinal cord injury, and they play a crucial inhibitory role in axonal regeneration by selective contraction of filopodia of the growth cone of sprouting neurites. Healing of CNS injury requires degradation of the glycosamine glycan backbone of CSPGs in order to reduce the inhibitory effect of the CSPG layer. See the Viewpoint by Mukherjee et al. for more information (DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00004",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2020_22.txt,allv2,2020_22.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_2.png,D,"Cardiometabolism, inspired by the Review on p443.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Precision medicine, inspired by the Review on p745.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_2.txt,sbert,18_2.txt,"Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_12.txt,multiBv1,19_12.txt,"Atheroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p743
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,val
Nature Metabolism,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_2.png,C,"Favourite foods of flies
Malita, Kubrak et al. show that the gut-derived hormone neuropeptide F (NPF) induces sugar satiety and promotes protein feeding in female Drosophila flies. Shown here are the entire nervous and gastrointestinal systems along with the ovaries from an adult female, with NPF labelled in gold.
See Malita, Kubrak et al.
Image: Takashi Koyama, Olga Kubrak, Alina Malita, Kenneth Halberg, and Kim Rewitz, University of Copenhagen. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_2.txt,multiBv1,4_2.txt,"Untangling the central and peripheral GLP-1 signalling circuitry
Brierley et al. find that central and peripheral GLP-1 systems suppress eating via independent gut–brain circuits.
See Brierley et al.
Image: Guillaume de Lartique, University of Florida. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_11.txt,ave_2,3_11.txt,"Phages and food addiction
Bacteriophages in the gut microbiome are shown to regulate food addiction traits by modulating tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism in the host. The image depicts bacteriophages attacking a bacterial cell.
See Castells-Nobau et al.
Image credit: MattLphotography / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_3.png,D,"This is a creative depiction of NO/NosP-mediated biofilm dispersal. Individual bacteria are represented by rockets; upon addition of NO gas to their NosP “tanks”, the rockets fire up and leave.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2017_7.txt,multiBv1,2017_7.txt,"Visualizing microbial competition on a solid support has been critical to the discovery of antibiotics over the past century. Here we describe DAPA, an effective, accessible, and low cost tool to screen, dereplicate, and prioritize bacteria directly from the solid support in the front end of the antibiotic discovery pipeline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,"The cover depicts the steps involved in a high-throughput natural product project undertaken by the NCI and NIAID. Hexagons indicate individual components of the project, with each also being depicted by watermarked images of source organisms, automated instrumentation, and data generated. In the center, the marine natural product jaspamide, which was identified as having antimicrobial activity, is shown.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_7.txt,ave_2,2023_7.txt,"Background image generated by Abdulmujeeb Onawole using DALL·E with the prompt “silhouette of an investigator with a deerstalker hat and a magnifying glass, surrounded by bacteria and floating pills”, with superimposed structures of a range of novel antibiotics that act on new bacterial targets.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_14.png,B,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,ave_2,43_11.txt,"The image is an illustration of Louis Pasteur in his laboratory. A few
articles in this issue address vaccinology and the importance of better understanding
host immune responses to design better preventive or therapeutic vaccines. For
instance, Ellebedy and Wu discuss the potential of targeting neuraminidase to
generate broadly protective influenza virus vaccines; Guo and colleagues review
current information on mRNA vaccines in cancer nanomedicine and immunotherapy;
also, Levy, Palma et al. delve into the realm of modeling human immune responses to
vaccination in vitro. Image credit: GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_14.txt,groundtruth,45_14.txt,"The image is a photograph of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). A
couple of articles in this issue discuss the importance of better understanding
bat immunity to elucidate bat–human host interactions, extrapolate knowledge
of bat immunity to that of humans, as well as the translational potential of these
comparisons. Mossman and colleagues review the spillover of viruses from bats to
humans and the novel technologies discerning the factors driving virus and host coevolution;
Banerjee and colleagues propose that research in bat immunity can lead
to translational approaches to improve human health. Image credit: Brock Fenton
and Sherri Fenton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_12.txt,allv2,45_12.txt,"Epidemiological data suggest that vaccines against infectious disease may enhance
the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. On pages 431–439, Benn
and colleagues examine these findings, and suggest that cross-reactivity of the adaptive
immune system to unrelated pathogens, as well as epigenetic reprogramming of innate
immune cells, may explain non-specific immunomodulation induced by vaccines. Cover
image credit: iStockphoto/richcano collection.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/34_4.txt,sbert,34_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,24_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.png,A,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.txt,groundtruth,24_1.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"Combining targeted cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p213.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_10.txt,ave_3,22_10.txt,"Engineering living therapeutics, inspired by the Review on p941.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_1.txt,ave_2,20_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_1.png,D,Water droplets enclosed by enzyme-loaded nanoparticles are dispersed in the oil phase to form a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion which can be used as a continuous flow reactor for ester hydrolysis and synthesis. The method reported points out a simple way of generating functionalized nanoparticles and also sheds some light on the application of these nanoparticles in Pickering interfacial biocatalysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_10.txt,multiBv1,2023_10.txt,"Unveiling the innovative electrospray fusion of monomers and exfoliated Montmorillonite nanoclay fillers, we present the creation of an ultrathin, chlorine-resistant polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membrane. This meticulously controlled thickness and morphology serves as a conduit for an impressive enhancement of desalination performance. Its potential is vast, poised to transform water treatment applications, painting a promising picture for the future of sustainable water resources. Art by the team of Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"A critical component in fuel cells, anion conductive membrane (AEM), determines their efficiency and working lifespan. Hyperbranched AEMs, bearing clustered positively charged functional groups, have superior self-assembly behavior and possess the tendency to form well-interconnected anion transport channels. However, the weak chain entanglement in hyperbranched polymer makes it hard to form free-standing membranes. To address this challenge, we implemented flexible segments to strengthen the chain entanglement and fabricated a free-standing polystyrene based hyperbranched membrane. After quaternization, a robust, chemically stable, and highly conductive AEM was acquired. The results may open up a new avenue for improving anion conductivity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2019_12.txt,allv2,2019_12.txt,"The gas separation (CO2 and methane) by a polymeric membrane with xanthene units and phenyl functional groups is shown. The circle shows the application of the modified membranes in electrochemical devices (fuel cells). The image background  was created with Canvas, and the combustion cell was created with Gemini (Google).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,test
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.png,D,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,sbert,1_6.txt,"Ventricular arrhythmia after cardiac infarction
By combining prospective clinical and mechanistic computational studies, Sung et al. show that the fat that infiltrates the post-myocardial infarction scar is a dominant factor in eliciting infarct-related ventricular arrhythmia.
See Sung et al.
Image: Eric Sung, Johns Hopkins University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Endotheliitis and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID
Thomas et al. use thrombotic vascular tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids to show that COVID-19-induced vascular endotheliitis and cytokine release disrupt endothelial–cardiomyocyte crosstalk and contribute to cardiac dysfunction in long COVID.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Christina Wu, freelance illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"Brain–heart axis
Haykin et al. show that activation of the reward system in the brain modulates adrenergic input to the liver and activation of the complement system, improving cardiac vascularization and recovery after acute myocardial infarction.
See Haykin et al.
Image: Daniel Feyzullayev and Maya Reshef. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_10.png,C,"Population genetic models typically show a paradigm of slow molecular evolution; however,
more recent studies have painted a different picture showing that phenotypic traits
can often change dramatically over the course of only a few generations. On pages
408–418 in this issue, Messer et al. report on how new techniques and research in understanding rapid evolution are helping
to refine current population genetic models. The cover image shows variation among
chiclid fish. Image courtesy of iStockPhoto/tittos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/32_6.txt,ave_2,32_6.txt,"Given its ecological, cultural and economic importance, coral conservation in the
face of ongoing coral bleaching is of great priority. On pages 93–104 in this issue,
Cleves and colleagues provide a framework for annotating unknown “dark” coral genes
within established networks to improve our fundamental knowledge of coral biology.
They further discuss the use of reverse genetic tools in corals for rigorous functional
testing of such genes, which would inform future strategies for coral protection.
Image credit: Stephen Frink (Getty Images).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/36_11.txt,allv2,36_11.txt,"Anthropogenic climate change is leading to the rapid decline of coral
ecosystems such as those of the Great Barrier Reef (shown here). This decline has
sparked efforts to use genomics to predict and mitigate the impacts of climate change
on reefs. In this issue, Oliver Selmoni and colleagues summarize recent advances in
the
understanding of the genes and pathways controlling coral adaptation to stress and
discuss how combining genomic scans with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can be used to
characterize the variants under selection. Image credit: Amanda Tinoco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_10.txt,groundtruth,40_10.txt,"Organisms adapt to changing natural selection by evolving new phenotypes. On pp. 111–119
of this issue, Ville Mustonen and Michael Lässig discuss adaptation in terms of the
response of the genome to time-dependent selection. Focusing on recent results from
Drosophila, they extend the static concept of fitness landscapes to dynamic fitness
seascapes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/25_10.txt,ave_3,25_10.txt,train
Nature Water,2_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_7.png,D,"The driving force of all nature and society
Water is not only necessary for life. It is also at the heart of human civilization. Throughout history, societies have progressed by improving access to clean water for drinking, sanitation and agriculture as well as by removing contaminants from water to reduce the effects on the environment and to improve public health. We now face new challenges due to reduced water availability and increasing demand. Challenges that can only be addressed by the integrated contribution of natural, social sciences and engineering. The image on the cover was chosen to represent the complex interaction of humans with water in the changing environment.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Piyaset/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Linking water and ecosystems
Ecohydrology utilizes the knowledge of both ecological and hydrological processes across various scales. It focuses on the complex interactions between water and ecosystems: how water affects the ecological systems and how ecosystems, in turn, influence the water cycle and water quality. Research in ecohydrology aims to advance the understanding of the interactions and to provide solutions that contribute to enhancing ecosystem conservation and sustainable water resource management.
The cover shows a UNESCO Ecohydrology Demonstration Site: the area of Lake Wood, part of the Eddleston Water Project near Peebles, UK. The Eddleston Water Project serves as a dynamic testing ground for natural flood management techniques, which aim to bolster food resilience through the restoration of natural processes that slow water flow and increase water retention within the river system. This project demonstrates how ecohydrology research supports flood risk management, climate change adaptation and biodiversity enhancement at catchment scale.
See Editorial.
Image: Colin McLean Photography. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_10.txt,ave_2,2_10.txt,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,groundtruth,2_7.txt,val
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_19.png,A,"This image shows a large subpopulation of 5-HT neurons (TPH2 immunolabeling in red) expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3 immunolabeling in green), thus having the capacity to co-release both 5-HT and glutamate. Gullino et al. show that these neurons are involved in",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,"Novel approach for visualizing glutamatergic synapses and vesicles to enable micro-/nanoscale connectivity assessments by combining genetic probe technologies, 3D electron microscopy and deep learning approaches for automatic segmentation. Murine VTA neurons projecting to the lateral habenula: axon membranes (green), canonical synaptic vesicles (blue), marked VGLUT2-positive vesicles (red), mitochondria (yellow). For more information, see ""A Genetic Probe for Visualizing Glutamatergic Synapses and Vesicles by 3D Electron Microscopy"" by Thomas Steinkellner, Matthew Madany, Matthias G. Haberl, Vivien Zell, Carolina Li, Junru Hu, Mason Mackey, Ranjan Ramachandra, Stephen Adams, Mark H. Ellisman, Thomas S. Hnasko, Daniela Boassa.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_22.txt,allv2,2021_22.txt,"Serotonergic (5-HT) receptors are located to significantly impact cognitive processing by influencing release and action of multiple neurotransmitter systems in the prefrontal cortex. 5-HT1A/1B/1D, 5-HT2A/2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors are expressed in a distributed manner throughout the laminae on pyramidal neurons and/or GABAergic interneurons. Art designer: Steven Leiser.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2015_6.txt,sbert,2015_6.txt,The picture shows the serotonergic system highlighted by the GFP reporter on a horizontal brain section of the Tph2GFP knockin mouse line,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_17.txt,multiBv1,2024_17.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_9.png,D,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,multiBv1,2018_6.txt,"The photocatalytic polymerization of amino acids into polypeptides and proteins using carbon dots (CDs) as photocatalysts was achieved under mild conditions (room temperature (or as low as −20 °C) and aqueous conditions along with light irradiation). More importantly, a tertiary structure protein namely an artificial insulin was obtained with biological function to reduce the blood sugar of the laboratory mice. The novation of using CDs to initiate amino acids to condense into polypeptides is based on strong adsorption, acidity of the −OH surface functional groups, and the photogenerated protons/holes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2019_2.txt,ave_3,2019_2.txt,"Polysaccharide-based fibers possess sustainable properties like renewability and biocompatibility, which have the potential to replace the nonrenewable conventional materials using a greener and ecofriendly approach. The ease of functionalization and incorporation with electroactive materials provides a new pathway for the utilization of these biobased materials for alternative energy sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_9.txt,allv2,2023_9.txt,Discarded human eye lens proteins post cataract surgery developed as thin films capable of ion conduction: potential applications as eco-friendly flexible solid polymer electrolytes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_8.png,D,"Scientists report a polymer-based optoelectronic interface that can restore light sensitivity to the retinas of blind rats, highlighting the potential for retinal implants to be made from all-organic biocompatible materials, rather than inorganic semiconductors such as silicon.
Article p400
IMAGE: NICHOLAS DRING AND LUCA
MARAGLIANO (FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO
ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, GENOVA, ITALY)
COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/7_8.txt,allv2,7_8.txt,"Artist's impression of a solid-state optoelectronic device that generates single photons for use in experiments in quantum optics.
Review Article p631
IMAGE: IGOR AHARONOVICH, DIRK ENGLUND AND MILOS TOTH
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_3.txt,ave_3,10_3.txt,"Polymer optics integrated with microfluidics provides an excellent platform for biosensing.
Interview with Frances Ligler
Image: Georg Wieser
Cover design: Tom Wilson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/5_3.txt,ave_2,5_3.txt,"Implantable biophotonics
Artistic image of an implantable wireless optoelectronic probe for monitoring tissue oxygenation levels within the brain. The microscale implant integrates an LED with a photodetector and is coated with a phosphorescent film which is sensitive to oxygen.
See Cai et al.
Image: Xing Sheng at Tsinghua University. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_8.txt,groundtruth,18_8.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.png,C,"Regenerative senescence in cardiac repair
Zhang et al. show that the transcription factor Egr1 regulates transient senescence in cardiac fibroblasts during neonatal heart regeneration and upon agrin-mediated cardiac repair in adult mice, acting downstream of the integrin–FAK–ERK1/2–Akt1 axis.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Genia Brodsky, Design Section, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_5.txt,ave_3,3_5.txt,"Endotheliitis and cardiac dysfunction in long COVID
Thomas et al. use thrombotic vascular tissues and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids to show that COVID-19-induced vascular endotheliitis and cytokine release disrupt endothelial–cardiomyocyte crosstalk and contribute to cardiac dysfunction in long COVID.
See Thomas et al.
Image: Christina Wu, freelance illustrator. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,"Macrophages improve the function of engineered cardiac microtissue
Hamidzada et al. show that after integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages into human cardiac microtissue, they adopt the resident fate and improve microtissue function by ingesting stressed cardiomyocytes or their cargo by efferocytosis.
See Hamidzada et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,"BAG3 variant and cardioprotection
Perez-Bermejo et al. perform an in-depth study on a variant in the BAG3 gene that has been previously associated with a decreased incidence of heart failure and show that in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes engineered to express such BAG3 variant, the interaction profile of the corresponding BAG3 protein has changed, rendering the engineered cardiomyocytes more resistant to a well-known cardiotoxic drug.
See Perez-Bermejo et al.
Image: Courtesy of Paula Marengo; heart illustration: NSA Digital Archive / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_6.txt,multiBv1,2_6.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_2.png,D,"We explore the capabilities and limitations of disulfide rebridging for introducing trans-cyclooctene click handles into off-the-shelf antibodies integral to multiplexed analytical diagnostics. Rebridging outcomes differ substantially by species of origin and IgG subclass, highlighting a complex relationship between hinge region structure, biological activity, and conjugation chemistry of IgG antibodies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2020_7.txt,allv2,2020_7.txt,The cover art shows an artistic rendition of the selective immobilization of quantum dot–peptide conjugates for single-particle fluorescence imaging via the use of tetrameric antibody complexes and a dextran-functionalized surface. This approach has numerous advantages and potential applications in biophysical and photophysical studies and digital assays.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,"In this month's review, Brechbiel and Nayak examine the opportunities and challenges of radioimmunoimaging with select longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides such as 124I, 89Zr and 86Y with respect to radionuclide production, ease of radiolabeling intact antibodies, imaging characteristics, radiation dosimetry and clinical translation potential (see page 825).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/1994_8.txt,multiBv1,1994_8.txt,antibody has remained a challenge as the heat treatment required for [89Zr]Zr-DOTA coordination can potentially damage the antibody moiety. We circumvent this,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_5.png,A,"Cytokine biopharmaceuticals are promising anti-cancer therapeutics. However, clinical use has been hampered as a result of early-onset toxicity arising upon the interaction with their receptors in blood. Ideally, cytokine therapeutics would display biological activity only at the tumor site. Here, we review novel strategies that, by acting like a cork on a bottle, achieve “activity on demand",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Novel poly(malic acid)-based multifunctional, biodegradable, and nontoxic drug delivery vehicle targets and accumulates in implanted human brain tumor after iv injection into nude mice. Concentrations of fluorescently labeled vehicle by whole organ imaging are shown in pseudocolor from low (dark blue) to high (red). Tumor targeting is superior with conjugated antibody to transferrin receptor (right) over typically tumor tissue enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) for macromolecules (left) (see Lee et al. on page 317). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2006_5.txt,sbert,2006_5.txt,"Nanomedicine based drugs represent a potentially new therapeutic modality in cancer care. However, the translation from research to the patient's bedside, also known as the ""valley of death"", is challenging and requires sophisticated and multidiscipline approaches. Here, we describe key elements that bridge the ""valley of death"" such as introducing active tumor targeting molecules combined with biologics within a single nanomedicine in order to increase long-term efficacy and decrease toxicity (see",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2016_9.txt,allv2,2016_9.txt,Multimodal peptides functionalized with both a radiolabel and a fluorescent label have great potential in tumor targeted imaging. Crucial for proper function are the attachment of the labels away from the pharmacophore and the use of appropriate spacers. A promising application of multimodal peptides is combining surgical planning with actual surgical image guidance using fluorescence (see review by Kuil et al. on page 1709).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2010_3.txt,multiBv1,2010_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.png,C,"Pride in nephrology, inspired by the Comment articles starting on p353.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,"Key advances in nephrology, inspired by the Year in Reviews on pp79–90.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_11.txt,ave_2,17_11.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,test
Nature Climate Change,14_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_4.png,C,"Arctic methane sink
The Arctic is considered a source of atmospheric methane, but its methane budget is uncertain and sinks may be underestimated. In this issue, Voigt et al. demonstrate methane uptake in well-drained Arctic soils. This uptake is driven by soil moisture and carbon availability, and represents a potential increased methane sink with drier soils under climate change.
See Voigt et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Evan J. Wilcox, Universität Hamburg. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/13_3.txt,sbert,13_3.txt,"Observing a smoother Arctic
As sea ice moves around it can experience deformation and form pressure ridges, which in turn can affect the atmospheric circulation and support ecosystems. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Krumpen and colleagues use airborne observations to show that the number of pressure ridges has declined in recent decades, mainly due to a loss of older ice.
See Krumpen et al. and News & Views Maksym
Image: Andreas Preusser, Alfred Wegener Institute. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/15_1.txt,multiBv1,15_1.txt,"Arctic erosion reduces ocean CO2 sink
Permafrost melting is linked to a number of reinforcing feedback processes accelerating warming. Writing in this issue, Nielsen and colleagues study how increased rates of Arctic coastal erosion, due to permafrost melt, affect Arctic Ocean biogeochemical cycling in an Earth system model. They find that greater terrestrial carbon input limits the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that the ocean can sequester, leading to amplified warming.
See Nielsen et al. and News & Views by Manizza
Image: Jenni Schurr and David M. Nielsen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_4.txt,groundtruth,14_4.txt,"The breadth and depth of ocean change
Climate change impacts on global oceans are varied, far-reaching and severe. In our Editorial we discuss work featured in this issue of Nature Climate Change, which ranges from the surface to the ocean depths, through physical changes and biological impacts, and encompasses scales from the sub-cellular to the global.
See Editorial.
Image: Olena Holubova / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_3.txt,allv2,12_3.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_2.png,A,"In pages 1523–1532 of this issue, Yuan and colleagues present a 3D,
spatially resolved model of breast cancer that highlights locally differentiated responses
to chemotherapy. The cover image blends traditional Chinese elements with modern
3D printing technology. The red and green nozzles are used to print the cancer cell-rich
region and the stroma region. In the summer pond, which represents the bioprinted
tumor microenvironment model, two green lotus flowers of different sizes are set within,
symbolizing varying-sized dense regions of cancer cells. The surrounding red branching
structures and purple polygons resemble koi fish swimming in the water, representing
the microvessel-rich stroma. The lotus petals spreading outward symbolize the tumor
cells migrating into the stroma. Cover image from Shanghai Mu Mu Chuang Cultural
Communication Co., Ltd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_2.txt,groundtruth,42_2.txt,"Bioprinting is a powerful tool which enables 3D printing of structurally and functionally
biomimetic tissues. In pages 504–513 of this issue, Knowlton and Onal, et al. review the recent advances in bioprinting that show promise for creating cancer
models that mimic the tumor microenvironment in 3D, helping to further understand
cancer pathology, screen anti-cancer drugs, and develop cancer treatments. Cover art
by Chu Hsiang Yu and cover design by Ernesto Andrianantoandro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/33_4.txt,allv2,33_4.txt,"On pages 10–19, SavasTasoglu and Utkan Demirci review recent achievements with bioprinting
technologies in stem cell research. Bioprinting technologies can be used to create
spatially defined gradients of immobilized proteins that direct stem cell differentiation.
The cover image shows the process of bioprinting where droplets that contain cells
and proteins are patterned on a surface and in 3D. The image was made by Savas Tasoglu
and cover designed by Paige Shaklee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/31_13.txt,ave_2,31_13.txt,"4D bioprinting is a technique that incorporates the “fourth dimension” of time with
3D bioprinting. The printed object is not static but can change its shape or functionality.
As a response to external stimulation, a well-designed flower-like structure can fold
itself and encapsulate drugs inside. Once it arrives in the stomach and is stimulated
by gastric acid, it can reopen and release the drugs for precision treatment. In pages
746–756 of this issue, Gao and colleagues review the techniques and applications for
extending biofabrication into the fourth dimension. Cover image from Feng Xu and cover
design by Matthew Pavlovich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/34_4.txt,ave_3,34_4.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_11.png,C,"Protein structure prediction
Artistic rendering of a system for protein structure prediction. Chowdhury et al. present a deep learning method to predict a protein’s structure from its sequence alone, with applications to orphan and de novo–designed proteins.
See Chowdhury et al.
Image: Alina Kurokhtina. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/40_2.txt,allv2,40_2.txt,"Artwork drawn by participants at an International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM ) competition, where undergraduates design, build and test simple biological systems made from standard, interchangeable biological parts (p.1099). This issue focuses on the emerging field of synthetic biology. Credits: Kim Caesar, based on a photograph provided by David Appleyard/iGEM.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/27_1.txt,ave_3,27_1.txt,"Focus on protein engineering
Artistic impression of the three data types key to machine learning for functional protein design: structure, sequence and labels. The structure of carbonic anhydrase is shown in front of a background composed of amino acid letters representing sequence data. The hue overlay represents a fitness landscape that experimentally acquired labels help to map.
See Notin et al.
Image: Nathan Rollins, Pascal Notin. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,Deep learning of protein-DNA-binding specificities seen through an artist's eyes. Alipanahi et al. show that deep learning techniques can be used to ascertain the binding sequences of proteins on RNA and DNA from experimental data (p 831). Credit: Graham Johnson,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/33_5.txt,ave_2,33_5.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/32_2.png,B,"On the cover: The dark side of stem cells. The image illustrates the elucidation of
stem cell features by flow cytometry and other methods. The work of Schindler et al.
(p. 43) demonstrates that hematopoietic stem cells expressing the chromosomal fusion
oncogene TEL-AML1 retain many normal features, including the potential to support hematopoiesis throughout
life, but acquire the propensity to give rise to leukemia. Thus, leukemia initiation
in stem cells does not necessarily involve overt transformation but may result from
more subtle alteration, or “corruption,” of stem cell programs. Cover design by Stephen
Drowne.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/5_6.txt,ave_3,5_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Voit et al. report on the development of a unified gene therapy approach applicable to all patients
with the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). Mutations
in one of more than 30 genes cause erythroid maturation arrest in DBA, but regulated
lentiviral expression of the transcription factor GATA1 exclusively in developing
erythroid progenitors overcomes the erythroid maturation arrest irrespective of causative
gene mutation and improves erythroid output in DBA. The cover image depicts a blood
factory, representative of the bone marrow, with hematopoietic stem cells undergoing
differentiation. Some developing cells commit to erythroid differentiation but are
blocked by a pile of rubble with diamonds and black fans, representing DBA. To overcome
this, factory workers labeled GATA1 are running to help carry the progenitors around
the obstacle, leading to increased production of mature red blood cells. Cover illustrated
by DrawImpacts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/32_1.txt,allv2,32_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Pereira et al. (205–218) describe the induction of hemogenesis
in mouse fibroblasts via transduction of the transcription factors Gata2, cFos, Gfi1b,
and Etv6. The cover is an artistic representation of this induction process. In a
futuristic setting, a scientist programs a computer to program blood, leading to the
formation of hemogenic blood vessels and subsequently blood. Cover design and illustration
by Carlos-Filipe Pereira and Sandeep Menon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/13_5.txt,ave_2,13_5.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.png,A,"The painting conveys an anti-depression theme using a small chemical molecule, S-3a, derived from the modification of the natural product scopolamine. Dark clouds symbolize depression, while S-3a pierces through them like an arrow, allowing the sun to shine on the Earth, symbolizing the treatment of depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,This cover art illustrates how an optimization of stereochemistry (represented by the chiral molecules in the flasks) and electrostatics (represented by a Tesla coil in the glass container) in a glycomimetic ligand resulted in the formation of an enthalpically driven cooperative hydrogen-bond network with its target DC-SIGN. A generative AI tool (Adobe Firefly) was used to create a part of the artwork. The authors are grateful for the assistance of Dilara Tastan and Serdal Tastan in the creation of the cover art.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,"Glass-sphere rendering of the Btk inhibitor GDC-0853 in the context of its protein target and B lymphocytes evokes the passage from design and conception to immune modulation. Image credit: Seth F. Harris (B lymphocyte imagery adapted from NIAID, shared via Creative Commons) (Crawford, J. J.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 61, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01712) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2018_19.txt,ave_3,2018_19.txt,"In our cover art, we incorporated elements from Chinese classical culture and symbolized the equipment for drug preparation with an alchemy furnace. The compound (S)-XY-05, which we have developed, effectively enters tumor cells and specifically inhibits PARP7. As a result, T cells are recruited and activated, leading to the destruction of tumor cells. To depict this process, we have represented T cells using arrows.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_22.txt,allv2,2024_22.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_2.png,B,"‘Digging into ECM’, inspired by the Review on p86
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_11.txt,allv2,24_11.txt,"‘Gates and channels’, inspired by the Reviews on p904 and p886
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_2.txt,groundtruth,25_2.txt,"‘Alternative tunes’, inspired by the Review on p779
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/23_1.txt,sbert,23_1.txt,"‘Seeing crystal clear structures’, inspired by the Review on p755.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_1.txt,multiBv1,19_1.txt,test
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2025_1.png,B,The cover illustrates minimum energy pathways on the potential energy surface of the acylation reaction between β-lactams and class A β-lactamases (the contour map and dashed routes). The minimum energy pathways are learned by deep-learning models (the chip) which are then unboxed by a novel explainable artificial intelligence method to derived mechanistic insights into the reaction (the screen). (Creator: Dr. Zilin Song.),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2022_3.txt,multiBv1,2022_3.txt,A water channel is formed across the light-harvesting complex of a diatom in response to high light exposure. The channel,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Fourier transform nonlinear optical microscopy enables spectroscopic and mechanistic insights with sub-diffraction spatial resolution. Through Fourier analysis, mechanisms of interfacial charge transfer and transient population inversions, which are not detectable by conventional imaging techniques, are resolved in material heterostructures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,"Protein engineering is in large part “a game” to construct a protein from amino acid building blocks. The game can be stochastic, such as directed evolution or, if the rules of the game are known, rational design can be involved. Here, we took advantage of both approaches to develop new archaerhodopsin-3-based fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with red-shifted absorption bands and potential-dependent bright fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_10.png,B,"A massively multiplexed yeast two-hybrid method, CrY2H-seq, enables deep-coverage mapping of the Arabidopsis interactome. Cover prepared by Erin Dewalt, based on design and artwork by Shelly Trigg, Lisa Servilio, and Jamie Simon at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies and by Austin Trigg at Austin Trigg Photography. Article p819",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/14_5.txt,ave_3,14_5.txt,"Brighter autonomous bioluminescence
Autonomously glowing Arabidopsis thaliana plants express an improved version of the fungal bioluminescence pathway.
See Shakhova et al.
Image: Tatiana Karataeva, Planta LLC. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,"This photograph of an Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) anther took first place in the 2009 Nikon Small World photomicrography competition. The image was taken by Heiti Paves of Tallinn University of Technology in Tallinn, Estonia using a confocal microscope at ×20 magnification. Other images from this year's competition are on display at http://www.nikonsmallworld.com/.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/6_1.txt,ave_2,6_1.txt,"The cover image shows Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence meristems expressing fluorescent protein reporters and stained with a vital dye. The image is a blend between raw confocal microscopy data and a three-dimensional rendering of cells segmented using the MARS algorithm. Cover design by Erin Dewalt based on an image provided by Christophe Godin. Article p547, News and Views p506",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/7_6.txt,allv2,7_6.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/5_1.png,B,"Flexible graph neural networks for materials prediction
Recently, machine learning-based methods, including graph neural networks (GNNs), have been widely used to establish structure–property relationships, which are crucial guidelines for materials design. However, generalizing such models requires addressing critical technical challenges, such as handling material-dependent output dimensions. In this issue, Ryotaro Okabe et al. propose virtual node models to further generalize GNNs, enabling the prediction of material properties with variable output dimensions. The work introduces three virtual node approaches that can be applied to predicting different phonon spectra with higher computational efficiency when compared to state-of-the-art methods. The cover image depicts vibrations of atoms or phonons, which is the property that the virtual node GNN has been applied to predict.
See Ryotaro Okabe et al. and accompanying Research Briefing
Image: Yugora / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_6.txt,multiBv1,4_6.txt,"Energy-efficient large language models
Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), on conventional von Neumann computing hardware — which separates memory and computing — is notoriously energy and power intensive. In this issue, Abu Sebastian and colleagues demonstrate that devices based on non-volatile memory (a type of analog in-memory computing hardware), constructed in three dimensions (3D), could substantially improve the energy efficiency of LLMs by leveraging ‘mixture of experts’ (MoEs) models. The cover image depicts MoEs neural networks realized through 3D analog in-memory computing on a silicon microchip, with multiple stacked tiers representing the experts in the network.
See Büchel et al. and Anand Subramoney
Image: Jeongung Cho, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"Machine learning with nonlinear optical neural networks
Photonic computing offers many advantages over traditional digital computing, such as high parallelism and low energy consumption, yet current development has been mostly limited to linear operations. In this issue, Hao Wang et al. introduce a large-scale nonlinear photonic neural system based on disordered polycrystalline materials. The system generates both linear and nonlinear optical speckle features, forming a complex neural network that can be used for computing tasks. The authors demonstrate that this nonlinear system provides advantages over linear optical systems for various machine learning tasks, including image classification, regression, and graph classification. The cover image depicts the neural network formed by light scattering through a disordered medium.
See Hao Wang et al. and Tianyu Wang
Image: Hao Wang, Ecole Normale Supérieure and Tsinghua University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_7.txt,ave_3,4_7.txt,"Machine learning with scalable optical computing
Optical computing offers advantages such as high-speed calculations and relatively low energy consumption. However, nonlinear information processing with optics still remains a challenging task. In this issue, Uğur Teğin et al. demonstrates a scalable and energy-efficient optical computing framework to perform machine learning tasks with optical fibers. The reported optical computing method substantially reduces the energy cost while maintaining comparable accuracy with its digital counterparts.
See Uğur Teğin et al.
Image: shulz / Getty Images. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_4.png,A,"Immune-related adverse effects of checkpoint inhibition, inspired by the Review on p509.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"HIV and the brain, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p424.
Cover design: P.Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_6.txt,ave_2,19_6.txt,"Spectrum of disease, inspired by the Review on p602.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,test
Nature Cell Biology,26_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_8.png,D,"Multi-organelle units
OrgaPlexing — an imaging pipeline to map metabolic organelles and their interactions — reveals changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and lipid droplet dynamics that affect macrophage inflammatory lipid mediator synthesis.
See Zimmermann et al. and News & Views by Kleele
Image: Julia Zimmermann and Angelika Rambold, ""Organelle-Networks Immunology” Lab, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_5.txt,ave_3,26_5.txt,"RNA
Detection of exon-specific translation
SeeTruong et al.
Image: Barth van Rossum. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_7.txt,allv2,23_7.txt,"Cell atlas
Focus on mapping the cells of the body
See
Börner et al.
Image: Image courtesy of MC-IU HuBMAP team, Indiana University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/23_2.txt,ave_2,23_2.txt,"Pooled multicolour tagging
Multicolour tagging using intron-targeting single guide RNA libraries and computer vision enables the detection of protein localization changes.
See Reicher et al.
Image: Andreas Reicher, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_8.txt,groundtruth,26_8.txt,test
Cell Reports,43_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_10.png,D,"On the cover: The cover sculpture, “Greasing the Wheels,” depicts the zebrafish brain
as a dense collection of gears linked to the dorsal and tail fins to drive waking
behavior. Just as a lubricant can improve mechanical gear function, Ashlin et al.
show that the lipid transporter Pitpnc1 is required for proper brain activity and
normal levels of wakefulness. The sculpture and image were created by Jason Rihel
and Jo Richards.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/24_8.txt,sbert,24_8.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a transgenic zebrafish embryo with venous and lymphatic
vessels in red and endothelial cell nuclei in green. Vogrin et al. use zebrafish as
a model of lymphatic vascular development, in combination with biochemical studies,
to demonstrate an important role for the endothelial cell Kdr receptor in lymphatic
development.In so doing, they show this Vegf receptor has an organotypic role in developmental
lymphangiogenesis. Image generated by Neil Bower.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/28_6.txt,multiBv1,28_6.txt,"On the cover: Yao et al. demonstrate that SIRT6 is essential for thermogenesis in
brown and beige fat. SIRT6 deficiency in adipose tissue predisposes to obesity and
related metabolic diseases. The image shows the browning of white adipose tissue in
response to cold exposure. The large yellow objects represent white adipocytes, and
the small colorful objects represent lipid droplets in beige cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,"On the cover: In this 3D reconstruction of zebrafish epicardial fat, the coronary
vascular system (pink) is intertwined with adipocytes (engulfed in flames) that have
thermogenic potential in response to cold exposure. In this issue, Morocho-Jaramillo et al. show that beige like epicardial adipocytes in zebrafish are key metabolic regulators,
similar to healthy human epicardial fat. Concept and artwork: Paul A. Morocho Jaramillo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_10.txt,groundtruth,43_10.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_21.png,A,"On the cover: Artistic representation of a cross-section of the human genital ridge
at 6 weeks post-fertilization, including the gonad and the mesonephros. The gonad
is populated by NR2F2+ stromal cells (highlighted in magenta), while the mesonephros
features NR2F2+ and GATA2+ stromal cells (highlighted in green). During development,
the mesonephros functions initially as a kidney, later transforming into a sex-specific
reproductive tract. To learn more about human fetal sex-specific gonadogenesis and
the development of the reproductive tract, see Taelman et al. Image credit: Sylwia Czukiewska.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_21.txt,groundtruth,59_21.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of mouse preimplantation development from zygote
to expanded blastocyst stage. During blastocyst formation, the first three embryonic
lineages are established. Unspecified cells (yellow) progressively segregate into
extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm externally and primitive endoderm internally;
red) and inner cells at the origin of the embryo proper (pluripotent epiblast; green).
To learn more about the role of PI3K in murine epiblast and primitive endoderm specification,
see Geiselmann et al. Image credit: Adèle Micouin and Michel Cohen-Tannoudji.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_2.txt,sbert,60_2.txt,"On the cover: Sections of early post-implantation Cynomolgus monkey embryos during
primordial germ cell specification. Primordial germ cells (marked by both TFAP2C,
red, and SOX17, green) not present at early E11 stage (top) first emerge at the roof
of the nascent amnion at later E11 stages (middle two) and appear to migrate posteriorly
toward yolk sac endoderm (marked by SOX17, green) by E13 (bottom). To learn more about
the identification of the origin of primate primordial germ cells within the amnion,
see Sasaki et al., pp. 169–185.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/39_5.txt,allv2,39_5.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_1.txt,multiBv1,60_1.txt,test
Nature Sustainability,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_6.png,B,"Integrating livestock and wildlife
Globally, most wildlife live outside of protected areas, creating potential conflicts. Keesing et al. assess tradeoffs between management for wildlife and for livestock in an East African savannah (pictured), finding potential benefits from integrating the two.
See Keesing et al
Image: Felicia Keesing, Bard College. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_3.txt,ave_3,1_3.txt,"Urban expansion and local food in Africa
Rapid urbanization affects both local food and ecological systems in Africa. De Vos and colleagues integrate the effects of land-use displacement and dietary shifts associated with urbanization in scenarios of food demand to study the impact of urban expansion on the African environment.
See De Vos et al.
Image: Arnold Mugasha/Shot by mu. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"Impacts of changing diets
Food choices, like those pictured, have important environmental impact. Baiocchi et al. analysed dietary changes in China between 1997 and 2011. They looked at the environmental impact paired with nutritional content, and found significantly different trends between rural and urban areas.
See Baiocchi et al.
Image: pidjoe / E+ / Getty. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,"Human activity and landslide risk in Africa
Population pressure and land-use change affect landslide risk. Depicker and colleagues analyse the impact of population dynamics, conflicts and deforestation on landslide risk in the Kivu Rift region (pictured), Eastern Africa.
See Depickeret al.
Image: Dr. Olivier Dewitte, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_2.txt,ave_2,4_2.txt,test
Nature Sustainability,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_3.png,D,"Potential of uncontested lands
Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs.
See McDonald-Madden et al.
Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_12.txt,sbert,3_12.txt,"Tropical forest carbon loss
Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss.
See Feng et al.
Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"Foresting degraded landscapes
Southwest China is home to communities, agriculture and dramatic landscapes (pictured), but overuse of the land and drought have eroded regions bordering Vietman, Laos and Myanmar. Yue et al. analyse vegetation changes resulting from massive ecological engineering efforts, which since 2000 have promoted new forest growth and associated carbon storage.
See Yue et al.
Image: Martin Brandt. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,"Ancient soil enrichment
Amazonian dark earth, rich soil resulting from ancient human land modification, has the potential to store substantial amounts of carbon, yet the number and size of Amazonian dark earth sites is unknown. Goldberg and colleagues develop a remote-sensing approach leveraging machine-learning classifiers to reveal its present extent.
See Goldberg et al.
Image: Bruno Moraes Puente Institute, (Nederland, CO, USA) and the Amazon Hopes Collective. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_10.png,C,"‘Shaping cells’ by Vicky Summersby, inspired by the Review on p486.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/16_5.txt,allv2,16_5.txt,"‘Understanding cell fate decisions’, inspired by the Review on p11
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/26_1.txt,sbert,26_1.txt,"‘Making synthetic cells’, inspired by the Comment on p157 and Viewpoint on p162.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,"‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_9.txt,multiBv1,25_9.txt,val
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_4.png,B,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Green electricity is harvested from split black gram based triboelectric nanogenerators, powering autonomous lighting systems and portable electronics. Split black gram's abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly properties make it an optimal choice for sustainable energy production, addressing environmental concerns associated with conventional TENG fabrication using synthetic materials. Cover is generated by an AI drawing tool",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The cover image depicts a hydrogel for wound healing containing silver nanoparticles produced by gamma irradiation; these nanoparticles act as a shield protecting from any bacteria, while the hydrogel provides a moisture environment for the wound to recover. In one step using gamma irradiation, Ag+ are reduced leading to stabilization of nanosilver but also have hydrogel formation with terminal sterilization. Because of the potential effect of silver nanoparticles crosslinked in between the hydrogel, it leads to a fast wound healing, which makes it possible to identify its mechanisms with cell regeneration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_1.txt,multiBv1,2018_1.txt,"Polysaccharide-based fibers possess sustainable properties like renewability and biocompatibility, which have the potential to replace the nonrenewable conventional materials using a greener and ecofriendly approach. The ease of functionalization and incorporation with electroactive materials provides a new pathway for the utilization of these biobased materials for alternative energy sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2023_9.txt,sbert,2023_9.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_8.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,multiBv1,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p403.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_6.txt,sbert,19_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p241.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.txt,allv2,20_9.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p258
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_12.png,B,"Mechanistic insights from insect immunity can inform host–pathogen interactions and
ideally increase our understanding of mammalian immunity. On pages 190–199, Merkling
and Lambrechts discuss insect immune responses at the level of organs and single-cell
populations – relevant for acquiring better comprehension of host infection dynamics.
Cover image: gettyimages.com/Antagain. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_12.txt,sbert,41_12.txt,"The image is a photograph of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). A
couple of articles in this issue discuss the importance of better understanding
bat immunity to elucidate bat–human host interactions, extrapolate knowledge
of bat immunity to that of humans, as well as the translational potential of these
comparisons. Mossman and colleagues review the spillover of viruses from bats to
humans and the novel technologies discerning the factors driving virus and host coevolution;
Banerjee and colleagues propose that research in bat immunity can lead
to translational approaches to improve human health. Image credit: Brock Fenton
and Sherri Fenton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_12.txt,groundtruth,45_12.txt,"The image is an illustration of Louis Pasteur in his laboratory. A few
articles in this issue address vaccinology and the importance of better understanding
host immune responses to design better preventive or therapeutic vaccines. For
instance, Ellebedy and Wu discuss the potential of targeting neuraminidase to
generate broadly protective influenza virus vaccines; Guo and colleagues review
current information on mRNA vaccines in cancer nanomedicine and immunotherapy;
also, Levy, Palma et al. delve into the realm of modeling human immune responses to
vaccination in vitro. Image credit: GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_14.txt,allv2,45_14.txt,"On pages 1105–1119, Domínguez-Andrés and Netea discuss the evolutionary impact of
human migrations on immunity. The authors explore how in our ecosystems, lifestyles
can affect the symbiotic relationships between humans, viruses and other organisms,
influencing co-evolutionary changes in the immune system. Cover illustration: istock/miu_miu.
Cover design by Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/40_1.txt,ave_3,40_1.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_9.png,A,"Climate change is causing record-breaking temperatures across
the globe. As the projected death toll caused by heat increases, it is important to
understand its effects on metabolic health and find short- and long-term adaptation
strategies. This month, Pallubinsky and colleagues mark Earth Day (April 22nd)
discussing the double-edged sword of heat on human health, highlighting its impact
on human physiology and discussing how to improve heat resilience. Our cover image
features Record Breaking Heat from the Environmental Graphiti series “The Art of
Climate Change—Why is our climate changing?”. The artwork, based on data from the
World Meteorological Organization, shows the global mean temperature differences
compared to the 1850-1900 average. The peak at the top right shows 2023, the
warmest year in the 174-year observational record. Cover by Alisa Singer (http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/),
courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_9.txt,groundtruth,35_9.txt,"Exposure to environmental components, including nutrition and environmental toxins,
during development contributes to disease later in life, potentially affecting subsequent
generations. Half of this issue focuses on epigenetics and intergenerational transmission
of programmed effects. First, Hanson et. al (pages 199–205) present the global landscape
of disease, emphasizing that events occurring during development give rise to later
disease. Public health consequences (Drake and Liu, pages 206–213) and endocrine disruptors
(Skinner et. al, pages 214–222) are also discussed in this context. Finally, Simmons
et. al discuss epigenetic mechanisms in the development of type 2 diabetes. The cover
shows Maytryoshka dolls, illustrating the theme that from each generation, comes a
separate but similar generation, with each influencing the next. Cover by Ted Pinner
(Graphics officer, MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Edinburgh, UK).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/21_9.txt,multiBv1,21_9.txt,"The circadian system, often referred to as the “body clock”, generates 24-hr rhythms
in biological cycles and enables us to anticipate and adapt to daily environmental
changes. In pages 282–293 of this issue, Jingyi Qian and Frank Scheer describe recent
human studies suggesting a dominating role for the circadian system in the daily variation
in glucose tolerance independent of behaviors, and discuss how circadian disruption
results in disturbed glucose control and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Cover
was created by Jingyi Qian with images from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_9.txt,ave_2,27_9.txt,"Studies have indicated that regular exposure to mild cold may be a healthy and sustainable
way to increase our daily energy expenditure. Indeed, the increased heat production
to keep optimal body temperature during cold exposure can affect our body weight.
On pages 165–167 in this issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt and colleagues discuss the science behind these observations,
and suggest that our thermally comfortable environment might also be obesogenic. As
we are able to control our ambient temperature, we can consequently cool our dwellings
to maximize our body energy expenditure, which not only has the potential to positively
affect our weight, but also comes with the added bonus of creating a sustainable environment.
Cover image was created by Anne van Marken Lichtenbelt-van den Berg.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/25_10.txt,allv2,25_10.txt,train
Inorganic Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.png,D,"The cover art for this Forum Issue, “Discrete Coordination Cages and Metal Clusters”, depicts the utility of molecular engineering to create materials with diverse applications in fields such as catalysis, molecular recognition, and gas separation. It also highlights how chemists and chemical engineers from different disciplines (represented by the diverse cast of characters building the complex) can take a ground-up approach to designing assemblies with enhanced activity and selectivity in chemical transformations. For instance, the blueprint in the architect's hand depicts the vanadium oxide cluster, [V6O13(TRIOLNO2)2]2–, which is featured in a paper by Fertig et al. in this issue and used to analyze the thermodynamics of proton-coupled electron transfer at the surface of polyoxometalates. The background of the graphic features larger, more complex assemblies representative of supramolecular architectures that combine properties from their atomically precise components to develop optimized systems. Cover art by Michael Osadciw, University of Rochester.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2023_47.txt,ave_2,2023_47.txt,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,"This cover shows the first crystal structure of a cation-assembled supramolecular dimer in the crown-phthalocyanine family. The idea of such a supramolecular assembly was inspired by the ability of crown ethers to bind alkali metal ions with high affinity through noncovalent interactions, which are ubiquitous in nature. In this dimeric molecule, two aluminum crown-phthalocyaninate nicotinate molecules are connected through an Al–O–Al bridge supported by four rubidium cations sandwiched between the crown ether moieties. See L. A. Lapkina, V. E. Larchenko, G. A. Kirakosyan, A. Yu. Tsivadze, S. I. Troyanov, and Yu. G. Gorbunova. Design of the cover: A. Yagodin and A. Martynov.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2018_24.txt,ave_3,2018_24.txt,"Co-encapsulating ligands can facilitate tunable chemistry by bringing metals together. This cover, depicting a racing circuit, conveys the excitement of clocking both ligand and metal performance. As the associated paper shows, in this chemical race, acyclic ligands and trivalent cations are high performers. The cover was prepared with Adobe Illustrator and MidJourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Inorganic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,val
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2017_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.png,B,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,groundtruth,2017_9.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,sbert,2017_4.txt,test
Med,5_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_8.png,A,"On the cover: Traditional risk factors used to estimate the risk of developing coronary
artery disease (CAD) may still miss some individuals. CAD has a strong genetic component,
and a combination of genetic and clinical factors can yield a CAD polygenic risk score
(CAD PRS). In this issue of Med, Truong et al. develop a genome-wide CAD PRS and then explore its impact on the relationship between
clinical risk factors and CAD. In individuals with a high CAD PRS, the effect of some
known risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, is mitigated, whereas it is enhanced
for other risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol levels. These findings underscore
the complex interplay between genetics and lifestyle factors in CAD risk, highlighting
the need for personalized prevention strategies. Cover credit: Westend61/Westend61
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_8.txt,groundtruth,5_8.txt,"On the Cover: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Current regenerative medicine approaches face a number of shortcomings, limiting their
applicability in the clinic. Advances in biomaterials and stem cell bioengineering
could lead to new therapeutic approaches to recover cardiac function. In this issue,
Mei et al. (pp. 1253–1268) develop an origami-inspired heart pouch for repeated administration
of therapeutics which can be implanted into the pericardial cavity through minimally
invasive surgery. The authors demonstrate its safety and therapeutic potential to
deliver paracrine factors from mesenchymal stem cell after myocardial infarction in
pigs and rats. Cover credit: Maryna Skazochkina/iStock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_2.txt,sbert,2_2.txt,"On the cover: Many human diseases display variations in their phenotypic manifestation,
which can be attributed to a complex interplay between underlying genetic factors.
In this issue, Levine et al. utilize data from the Human Phenotype Project to map the genetic correlates associated
with traits such as blood sugar levels and sleep quality, providing higher-resolution
links to disease than simple clinical diagnoses. This work suggests that phenotypic
associations may be useful in detecting disease-linked genetic signals before the
threshold for a clinical diagnosis is crossed and offers publicly accessible tools
to further map the exact genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of human health
and disease. Cover art from Boris SV/Moment via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_12.txt,allv2,5_12.txt,"On the cover: The study of cardiac morphology may provide clinically relevant insights
into cardiovascular pathophysiology. This month, Vukadinovic et al. (pp. 252–262)
study a cohort of over 38,000 healthy adults using deep learning-enabled automated
image segmentation of cardiac resonance imaging data. They show that left-ventricle
sphericity predicts risk for cardiomyopathy and related outcomes in otherwise normal
hearts independent of traditional clinical and imaging factors. Cover image: Bablab/iStock
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_9.txt,multiBv1,4_9.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_3.png,C,"The cover art symbolizes the importance of the prediction and control of the solid form in pharmaceutical solid state chemistry, a subject explored within this Virtual Special Issue (VSI) titled “Crystallizing the Role of Solid-State Form in Drug Delivery.” This VSI is jointly produced by Molecular Pharmaceutics and Crystal Growth & Design [https://pubs.acs.org/page/vi/solid-state-form-drug-delivery] and is guest edited by Dr. Doris Braun (University of Innsbruck), Prof. Lidia Tajber (Trinity College Dublin), Prof. Lynne Taylor (Purdue University), and Prof. Jonathan Steed (Durham  University). The guest editors have selected a wide range of articles that collectively highlight ongoing advances in formulation approaches and our understanding of the molecular solid state. This new VSI builds on the joint retrospective Virtual Issue published in February 2021 [https://pubs.acs.org/page/cgdefu/vi/crystals-drug-delivery?ref=vi_collection].  A",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_5.txt,allv2,2022_5.txt,Molecular interactions impact physicochemical and dissolution attributes of pharmaceutical ingredients in amorphous solid dispersions. Structural elucidation aims to unveil mechanistic roles but often reveals challenges from the multicomponent and disordered nature of drug products. Atomic-level structural restraints are obtained from the intermolecular drug-polymer distance measurement using solid-state NMR.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2020_6.txt,sbert,2020_6.txt,Representation of the disordering effect induced by dibasic calcium phosphate (~the wrecking ball; CSD 31046-I) on carbamazepine dihydrate (~the wall; FEFNOT03) leading to its accelerated dehydration (~expelling of water molecules) during the mixing stage of continuous tablet manufacturing. This work focuses on understanding the mechanism of this excipient-induced effect. The image was created by PfizerWorks Creative Consultancy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,The effect of pH on ionizable molecular crystals is elucidated using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Visualizing dynamic heterogenous disordered surface (DHDS) layers provides a molecular level understanding of pH-dependent dissolution.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2022_8.txt,multiBv1,2022_8.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_10.png,D,"Tie chains electrically bridge crystalline domains in semiconducting polymers, effectively reducing interdomain resistance and improving charge transport. In this work, the tie-chain fraction is quantified through a classical polymer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_2.txt,multiBv1,2018_2.txt,"loading, the block copolymer is disordered with randomly orientated nanoplates homogeneously distributed in the PNCs. Image courtesy of Nadia M. Krook, Christopher B. Murray, and Russell J. Composto",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_1.txt,allv2,2018_1.txt,"Multiple hierarchical morphologies were identified in a supramolecular double-comb triblock terpolymer complex by starting from a triple lamellae-forming copolymer, followed by simple adjustment of the surfactant concentration. Besides being fundamentally interesting, such supramolecular structures may be promising for nanopatterning applications and the design of hierarchically porous materials. Image courtesy of Anton H. Hofman and Katja Loos.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_3.txt,ave_2,2018_3.txt,The more stretched bridging blocks and higher network connectivity in the self-assembled structure by the ABA triblock copolymer enable its superior mechanical performance over that by the ABC counterpart with a higher fraction of bridging block. Image Courtesy of Weihua Li.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,train
Immunity,57_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_3.png,A,"On the cover: The thymus involutes as we age, leading to reduced numbers of recent
thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Bohacova, Terekhova et al. examine human RTEs in a cohort of 158 individuals, providing insight into the impact
of age on RTE profile and functional potential and defining CD38 expression as a marker
of RTEs. RTEs—newly generated naive T cells—are depicted as a flock of migrating birds
emerging from a cloud (thymus). Having completed maturation, RTEs transition into
the bloodstream and eventually into the tissues, as evoked by migrating birds in search
of favorable environments. Image credit: Fishy Frog.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_3.txt,groundtruth,57_3.txt,"On the cover: Aging leads to progressive dysregulation of immune functions. Mogilenko
et al. reveal that—in mice and humans—a distinct population of CD8+ T cells characterized by expression of granzyme K (GZMK) accumulates in aging and
replaces other subsets of CD8+ T cells during the lifespan. Lifespan is illustrated as an hourglass where CD8+ T cells transit from the upper bulb (a young environment) into the lower bulb (an
old environment) while acquiring a phenotype of age-associated GZMK+ cells. Cover art by Yuka Ogava.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/54_12.txt,allv2,54_12.txt,"On the cover: The thymus is responsible for the education and maturation of T cells,
and thymus dysfunction or improper development can lead to immune disorders. Molecular
details of thymus formation and maturation have been largely elusive. In this issue,
Kernfeld, Genga et al. (1258–1270) report a droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing
survey of mouse thymus organogenesis, covering 8 days of development from initial
thymus formation to birth. Within this survey, major cell types of the thymus have
been captured, including lymphocytes and epithelial, mesenchymal, and endothelial
cells. This study provides a molecular framework of thymus organogenesis and provides
insights into the maturation and heterogeneity of cell types involved. The illustration
depicts major cellular subtypes as captured by tSNE analysis as “landmasses” within
an atlas and highlights this study as a resource to help navigate the waters of thymus
organogenesis. Image credit: Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/48_1.txt,multiBv1,48_1.txt,"On the cover: Lu et al. (1162–1175) introduce an analysis framework for quantifying
cell-to-cell expression variation (CEV) of primary cell populations and studying their
functional associations in human cohorts. They find that the quantitative extent of
CEVs in T cells can be substantially different from person to person and yet remains
stable within individuals over months. CEVs can be linked to age and disease susceptibility,
suggesting functional significance to this variation. The CEV of a cell population
is illustrated in the diversity of snowflakes, where each snowflake, representing
individual T cells, varies in terms of branch pattern, shape, and color. Illustration
by Candace Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/45_2.txt,ave_3,45_2.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_1.png,D,"Image of the electrical activity from a brain connectome being fed into a computer circuit. Sani et al. show that machine learning algorithms can predict changes in mood by analyzing neural recordings from epilepsy patients (p 954). Image credit: Ella Maru Studio; Omid Sani, Yuxiao Yang and Maryam Shanechi",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_3.txt,multiBv1,36_3.txt,"Artistic representation of the kit of parts or building a do-it-yourself automated cell culturing system. Wong et al. design and build a framework that enables high-throughput experiments in systems biology, microbiology and evolution (p 614). Image credit: Katie M. Flynn and Ahmad (Mo) Khalil",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/36_6.txt,sbert,36_6.txt,"Focus on neurotechnologies
Advances in neurotechnologies are providing new opportunities for understanding brain function as well as developing and applying new therapeutic strategies for brain disease. The image is a solar plate etching from an MRI of the artist’s brain (coronal view of the neocortex).
See In this issue
Image: Elizabeth Jameson. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_4.txt,allv2,37_4.txt,"Recording neural activity in organoids
An artistic representation of KiriE, a platform inspired by the Japanese art of kirigami. Yang et al. have developed KiriE, a platform with a flexible design that preserves neural organoid morphology and enables integration with optogenetic and pharmacological manipulation over many months.
See Yang et al.
Image: Mesa Schumacher. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,train
One Earth,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_5.png,B,"On the cover: Decarbonizing cities could hold the key to the successful reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions. However, cities are complex, multifaceted entities. A
systems approach is needed to help identify patterns among the chaos. Credit: Mikhail
Derevyanov/EyeEm via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_6.txt,allv2,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Our cities are growing hotter. An urban heat island effect, augmented
by climate change, is creating stifling and dangerous conditions in urban centers,
and cooling solutions are at a premium. Air conditioning units, the go-to solution,
are expensive, energy hungry, and can release problematic refrigerants. Ballyscanlon,
Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"On the cover: A growing population and rapid urbanization are fueling an expanding
construction and building sector, with global building floor area and infrastructure
expected to double and triple by 2060. Existing practices within these sectors are,
however, carbon and material intensive and exert significant pressures on the environment
and society. There is an urgent need to adopt circular and more sustainable approaches
and for all relevant stakeholders from across the building and construction value
chain to unite to build net-zero and sustainable living spaces for all. Image: Scaffolding.
Leontura, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_2.txt,ave_2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: Gorgonian sea fan catching the morning light at Rowley Shoals on the
northwestern Australian coast. Even the best-managed, most remote, and untouched coral
reefs, including all World Heritage-listed reefs, are vulnerable to global heating
and other escalating pressures. Advances in governance research and practice are offering
new hope for coral reefs in the Anthropocene. Credit: ARC Centre of Excellence for
Coral Reef Studies and David Williamson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/2_6.txt,sbert,2_6.txt,val
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.png,B,"Kidney care in conflict zones, inspired by the Comment on p479.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_5.txt,multiBv1,18_5.txt,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,ave_2,20_10.txt,"Inequities in kidney health and kidney care, inspired by the Review on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,val
Science Immunology,9_100,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_100.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Epigenetic Priming of TH2 Memory. Long-lived memory T cells provide immunological protection by rapidly responding through reactivation of prior gene expression programs. Onrust-van Schoonhoven et al. applied multiscale epigenomics to study how the three-dimensional organization of chromatin facilitates rapid recall by human memory T helper 2 (TH2) cells. Transcriptional priming occurred through positioning recall genes close to their enhancers in specific topological structures that facilitate binding of key transcription factors. This month’s cover shows the three-dimensional organization of chromatin fibers in the nucleus, which contributes to regulation of gene expression. Credit: Design Cells/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/8_85.txt,ave_2,8_85.txt,ONLINE COVER Sex Bias and CD8 T Cell Exhaustion in Cancer. This month’s illustration shows male and female silhouettes between layers of cancerous tissue. These objects are wrapped in projected images of multicolor immunofluorescence staining of mouse bladder tumor tissue. The featured Research Article by Kwon et al. identifies T cell–intrinsic effects of androgen as a contributor to sex bias in CD8 T cell–mediated tumor immunity. A related Focus by Bevilacqua and Ho discusses how androgen receptor effects contribute to sex-biased incidence and outcomes in cancer. Credit: Jared Schafer,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_73.txt,allv2,7_73.txt,"ONLINE COVER Sex-Biased Gene Regulation in T Cells. In females, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) represses gene expression from one X chromosome to balance gene dosage between the sexes. This process is controlled by the long noncoding RNA Xist, which coats the inactive X chromosome and promotes epigenetic gene silencing. Forsyth et al. studied XCI in mouse and human T cells, a process that is much more dynamic in T cells than in most other somatic cells. NF-κB signaling downstream of the T cell receptor was required for the localization of Xist to the inactive X chromosome and the maintenance of XCI after T cell activation. This month’s cover illustration depicts Xist (orange) localizing to the inactive X chromosome on the right. Credit: Noelle Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_100.txt,groundtruth,9_100.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,ave_3,2_10.txt,test
JACS Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_3.png,A,"Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Photosensitized energy transfer (EnT) phenomena occur frequently in a variety of photophysical and photochemical processes. An innovative model of crossing controlled energy transfer was theoretically determined and experimentally confirmed, which would contribute a comprehensive view in understanding and regulating photosensitized energy transfer processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2022_9.txt,allv2,2022_9.txt,Using the biomolecule DNA to tether porphyrin-based electrocatalysts to electrode surfaces improves their efficiency for carbon dioxide valorization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,"The “structure breaker” Cs+ in electrolyte-induced surface reconstruction of the BiVO4 photoanode to form a Cs+-doped bismuth vanadium oxide amorphous nanolayer, which inhibited continuous photocorrosion of BiVO4 and promoted its photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance. The cover artwork shows that the BiVO4 nanorod is a “picky eater”.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,train
ACS Engineering Au,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.png,A,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Frontier orbital energies of small organic molecules can be represented using knowledge-based and struct,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,"Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) has been extensively applied for NOx emission control, where the formation of the greenhouse gas N2O is an issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,"The art shows the transformation of a microporous MFI-type zeolite to hierarchical meso-microporous zeolite materials, which is the main modification that we conducted for the catalyst. The art also shows that by mixing with ZnZrOx, the formed tandem catalyst carried out a one-pass CO2 hydrogenation reaction for value-added products generation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2023_2.txt,sbert,2023_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.png,A,"AI and epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p319.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"Cycles in epilepsy, inspired by the Review on p267.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_8.txt,allv2,17_8.txt,"Seizures in Alzheimer disease, inspired by the Review on p162.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_10.txt,ave_2,20_10.txt,"Single-cell technologies and brain disease, inspired by the Review on p346.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_7.txt,multiBv1,19_7.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_9.png,D,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: N. Huang et al., “Insights into the Bimetallic Effects of a RhCo Catalyst for Ethene Hydroformylation: Experimental and DFT Investigations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03437); A. Giehr et al., “Dry and Steam Reforming of CH4 on Co-Hexaaluminate: On the Formation of Metallic Co and Its Influence on Catalyst Activity” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03522); and S. Dzuryk and E. Rezaei, “Intensification of the Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction by Water-Permeable Packed-Bed Membrane Reactors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02213).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,The strong interfacial synergy at the Ni/Ga2O3 interface facilitates the selective CO2 hydrogenation to form CO and H2O.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_26.txt,sbert,2021_26.txt,"A novel microwave catalyst exhibits outstanding CO2 oxidative propane dehydrogenation (CO2-ODHP) performance by microwave catalysis at low temperatures, and the doping of Y greatly improved stability and regeneration performance for ZnO. This work cleverly utilizes microwave characteristics to solve the contradiction between conversion and selectivity in propane dehydrogenation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_18.txt,multiBv1,2024_18.txt,"Chemical-looping-based oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene with successive CO2 activation to CO was verified on FeMTiOx mixed metal oxides (M = Ni, Sn, Co, Mn, Ce).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,val
Nature Physics,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_9.png,B,"Arrow of Time
In 1927, Sir Arthur Eddington coined the phrase ‘time’s arrow’ to express the fact that the time reversibility of events on a microscale does not necessarily exist in macroscopic processes, for which we can usually discern temporal order. Now, a machine learning algorithm trained to infer the direction of time’s arrow has identified entropy production as key to making this decision.
Seif, Article
IMAGE: Kaveh Haerian. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_12.txt,ave_3,17_12.txt,"Material time in a material world
The way in which glassy materials age can be difficult to describe. The concept of material time allows for the description of this physical ageing in a linear way. Multispeckle dynamic light scattering experiments now provide experimental access to material time and show that intensity fluctuations become statistically reversible when referenced in this way.
See Böhmer
IMAGE: Sebastian Keuth. COVER DESIGN: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Glassy learning
The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density.
See Bapst et al.
Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_9.txt,multiBv1,16_9.txt,"Time to relax
The dynamic relaxation spectrum of a supercooled liquid is asymmetric near the glass transition. Overcoming the difficulties of accessing low temperatures and long time scales, simulations now attribute this feature to dynamic facilitation.
See Guiselin et al. and Zorn
Image: Camille Scalliet, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_9.txt,allv2,18_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.png,C,The authors use a hybrid synthesis approach that combines pulsed-laser deposition and post-deposition thermal annealing to demonstrate the realization of the hexagonal or α-quartz-type GeO2 films with nanotextured surface morphology on sapphire substrates. The structure–property correlation provides a roadmap for producing phase-pure GeO2 on a variety of platforms as a possible contender for deep-UV optoelectronic and photonic applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Designing ternary nanocomposites consisting of ZnO@MoS2 core-shell heterostructures and conducting polymer polyaniline results in the generation of multiple excitons. These novel materials exhibit great saturable absorption behavior, which can be further implemented in nonlinear photonic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_8.txt,multiBv1,2024_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_22.png,D,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence image of a paraffin section from a late-gestation
(E18.5) mouse kidney heterozygous for both Fgf9 and Fgf20. The kidney's mesenchymal
progenitors (green), podocytes (red), proximal tubules (blue), and ducts (purple)
are highlighted. Fgf9 and Fgf20 help maintain metanephric mesenchymal progenitors
in mice, while mutations in Fgf20 are associated with congenital kidney agenesis in
humans. For more information on these topics and on the application of Fgfs to the
development of cell culture techniques that may one day enable biomedical uses of
nephrogenic progenitors, see Barak et al., pp. 1191–1207, and the accompanying Preview
by Vainio, pp. 1125–1126.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/22_1.txt,sbert,22_1.txt,"On the cover: The image shows that the embryonic mouse lung develops an intricate
branched structure through the combined morphogenesis and differentiation of the airway
epithelium (green) and the surrounding smooth muscle (magenta). Genetic deletion of
a transcription factor important for smooth muscle differentiation reveals plasticity
in differentiation that preserves the mechanical properties and sculpting ability
of airway smooth muscle, ensuring normal branching morphogenesis. To learn more about
what regulates airway-branching morphogenesis, see Goodwin et al., 338–347. Image
credit: Katharine Goodwin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_20.txt,multiBv1,58_20.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,allv2,58_23.txt,"On the cover: Confocal microscopy image of a mouse embryonic pancreatic explant showing
pancreatic epithelial branches (green) and acinar progenitor cells (purple). At this
stage, pancreatic duct cells are marked by Prox1 (green) and form secondary branches,
which end with acinar structures positive for Integrin alpha6 (purple). To learn more
about how embryonic pancreatic tissue undergoes branching morphogenesis, see Darrigrand et al. Image credit: Jean-Francois Darrigrand.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_22.txt,groundtruth,59_22.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,9_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_12.png,B,"How body-fluid vesicles block viral infection
This image shows fluorescently labelled extracellular vesicles from semen (red) binding to Axl (green), a broadly expressed phosphatidylserine-binding receptor. This interaction interferes with infection by viruses exposing phosphatidylserine to exploit the immunosuppressive uptake mechanism of apoptotic membranes. Given their abundance in semen and saliva, extracellular vesicles may serve as an innate defence against sexual or oral transmission of viruses applying apoptotic mimicry such as Zika, Chikungunya or Ebola.
See Groß et al.
Credit: Hanna Reßin, Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_9.txt,allv2,9_9.txt,"Fungal vesicles activate host immunity
This image shows confocal microscopy of macrophages with the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS (GFP) translocating from the nucleus to the cytosol in response to the phagocytosis of extracellular vesicles isolated from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.
See Harding et al.
Credit: Hannah Brown Harding, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_12.txt,groundtruth,9_12.txt,"Fungal dormancy redefined
Shown is a cryo-electron microscopy image of chains of Aspergillus conidia (spores) attached to an intact conidiophore. Koon Ho Wong and colleagues use chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and RNA-sequencing analyses to show that the transcriptional activity of fungal conidia before dormancy contributes to conidia maturation and impacts fitness, drug resistance and virulence following germination.
See Wang, F. et al.
Image: Jan Dijksterhuis, Westerdijk Fungal Diversity Institute. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_5.txt,sbert,6_5.txt,"Inter(septin) fungal invasion
Shown is a scanning electron micrograph of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (pink) on the surface of a rice leaf. A specialised fungal infection cell known as the appressorium uses physical force to breach the surface of the host leaf. Min He et al. find that very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) act as mediators of septin organization at membrane interfaces and that depletion of VLCFAs prevents septin assembly and host penetration by M. oryzae. They show that inhibitors of VLCFA biosynthesis prevent initiation of septin-mediated fungal infection and can be used as broad-spectrum fungicides for the prevention of rice blast disease and fungal pathogens of maize, wheat and locusts, without affecting plant hosts.
See He, M. et al.
Image: Lauren Ryder (The Sainsbury Laboratory) and Kim Findlay (John Innes Centre). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,val
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_4.png,A,"Understanding fibromuscular dysplasia
By integrating DNA genotype and RNA-sequencing data from human samples, d’Escamard et al. identified a gene regulatory co-expression supernetwork that has an important role in fibromuscular dysplasia, a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult women, and generated a mouse model of the disease.
See d’Escamard et al.
Image: Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_4.txt,groundtruth,3_4.txt,"Hundreds of new mouse genes functionally linked to CVD
Spielmann et al. screen the cardiac function and structure of about 4,000 monogenic knockout mice to identify 486 new genes whose lack results in cardiac disease, and validate a number of these genes in humans via UK Biobank human data.
See Spielmann et al. and News & Views by Ahlberg and Olesen
Image: Chih-Wei Hsu, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Histone H1.0 links cell mechanics to chromatin structure
Hu et al. describe how histone H1.0 regulates cellular responses to mechanical stimulation, inducing myofibroblast activation in the heart and linking force generation to nuclear organization and gene transcription.
See Hu et al.
Image: Todd H. Kimball, PhD, UCLA/UNC Chapel Hill. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.txt,allv2,3_9.txt,"Solving the puzzle of nasal vasculature
By combining whole-mount immunofluorescence of nasal mucosal tissue with single-cell transcriptomics of isolated endothelial cells, Hong et al. provide a 3D morphological and molecular atlas of nasal vasculature, identifying a new type of hybrid vessels and offering insights into the associations of nasal vasculature with inflammation, infection and aging.
See Hong et al.
Image: MerveKarahan / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Image courtesy of Seon Pyo Hong, Institute for Basic Science. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_8.txt,multiBv1,2_8.txt,train
Analytical Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_5.png,C,"Heme detection and quantification is critical in hemolytic conditions where redox-active heme is released into the circulation. We reviewed the currently available chemical, biophysical, and biochemical methods for heme detection, including the use of subcellular heme sensors. We discussed their strengths and limitations providing guidance for clinical or scientific applications. Image concept by Diana Imhof. Image created by Benjamin Schmalohr.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2020_11.txt,allv2,2020_11.txt,"The fluorescence detection system of Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) demethylase involves three cascade reactions: FTO-mediated demethylation, activated DNAzyme-catalyzed cleavage, and rolling circle amplification, which can be switched on by dephosphorylation and interlock-like three gears moving in a way that can indicate the state of clinical samples from breast cancer patients.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_49.txt,multiBv1,2024_49.txt,GPx4-mediated ferroptosis is a crucial mechanism in cellular oxidative stress responses. A field-deployable luciferase-based reporter sensor system was developed and used for  non-invasive detection of GPx4 expression in response to ferroptosis modulators in live mammalian cells.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,A novel zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) – luciferase for nanosensing. Image created by Elisa Michelini with DALL,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2023_48.txt,sbert,2023_48.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_12.png,C,"On the cover: The winning entry of our fifth anniversary issue cover contest submitted
by Mai Kimoto, of Hokkaido University, Japan. Ms. Kimoto used colored pencils to draw
stem cells and their niches as a coral reef of human tissues, highlighting the stem
cells themselves in white. The populations depicted include embryonic stem cells in
the inner cell mass of the developing embryo, neural stem cells in the subventricular
zone of the brain, quiescent and actively proliferating intestinal stem cell populations
in the base of the intestinal crypt, hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow,
hair follicle stem cells in the bulge, epidermal stem cells in the basal layer of
the skin, and satellite cells under the basal lamina of muscle fibers. In all, the
image celebrates the progress of the stem cell field over the past 5 years.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/10_1.txt,allv2,10_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the themes of both communication between different
stakeholders in regenerative medicine and repair processes mediated by stem cells.
Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/8_1.txt,multiBv1,8_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Beumer and Clevers put forth a set of six complementary hallmarks that are key enabling features of
stemness in adult mammalian tissues. The review headlines a broader series of articles
appearing throughout the year that applies the hallmarks framework to define distinct aspects of stem cell biology as shown on the cover,
spanning from stem cell aging, metabolism, and potency to cancer stem cells and tissue
regeneration. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,"On the cover: This month’s cover art comes from the Yamanaka group and highlights
our Special Reviews feature on Clinical Translation and Regeneration. While stem cells
provide dynamic models in the laboratory with which to understand basic biology of
developing and adult systems, their power lies in translational applications, including
their administration as cellular therapeutics in human disease. In this issue, we
highlight the current status of efforts in aspects of regenerative medicine where
stem cells are either administered or recruited and also touch upon the development
of specific international regulatory frameworks for stem cell therapeutics. Featured
on the cover is a Perspective by Shinya Yamanaka (523–531), who reviews two decades
of research related to pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapies and discusses the
major challenges encountered. In the image, human cells, organs, and DNA are portrayed
as in a paper mobile. Each column shows a differentiation flow from pluripotent stem
cell to a targeted cell, and then to a transplanted organ. Artwork by Misaki Ouchida.
Image courtesy of the author.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/27_3.txt,sbert,27_3.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_7.png,D,"Blinded by the light neutrino
In its second measurement campaign, the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment achieved a sub-eV sensitivity on the effective electron antineutrino mass.
See The KATRIN Collaboration and Nucciotti
Image: Photography: Luca Zanier; Artwork: Leonard Köllenberger, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_11.txt,allv2,18_11.txt,"Universal dynamics out of equilibrium
The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology.
See Huh et al. and Prüfer
Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_10.txt,ave_3,20_10.txt,"Entangled with Cherenkov
Despite their relevance for quantum technology, photon-pair sources are difficult to control. A theoretical proposal shows how photon pairs can be created from vacuum fluctuations in time-dependent systems, potentially enabling heralded single-photon frequency combs.
See Sloan et al. and Talebi
Image: Haley Park. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/18_12.txt,ave_2,18_12.txt,"Neutrinos probe quantum gravity
The existence of fluctuations in the metric of spacetime induced by quantum gravity would have an impact on neutrinos produced in cosmic-ray air showers. They would lose their quantum coherence, causing their flavour oscillations to change. The IceCube collaboration reports a search for this effect but finds no evidence for it, thus constraining the magnitude of anomalous decoherence from quantum gravity.
See IceCube Collaboration
Image: Alexa Nelson / IceCube. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_24.png,D,This graphic illustrates the importance of photocatalysis to tackle clean energy and environmental problems for establishing a balance that sustains life on earth. Perovskite oxide-based photocatalysts have shown promising potential and their horizon is not far off.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_8.txt,multiBv1,2020_8.txt,"Inspired by thylakoid in chloroplast, a capsular structure is explored as a compatible design strategy to coordinate photocatalysis and biocatalysis for CO2 reduction. The capsular structure, or “artificial thylakoid”, compartmentalizes the photo-generated holes with enzymes, and transfers photo-generated electrons to enzymes through NADH, thus enabling superior sustainability and high efficiency of the artificial photosynthesis process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,"Catalytic hydrogen oxidation is one of the enablers of sustainable energy generation and storage, producing merely clean water emissions. Combining several materials in a single sample, multiple complementary microscopy techniques can be used to study support and particle size effects that often govern catalytic properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_14.txt,sbert,2023_14.txt,Artificial photosynthesis to produce solar fuels is a crucial field of research due to the global energy crisis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,train
Joule,8_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang and co-authors (399–417) develop a new class of
core-shell-solvation aqueous electrolytes with a 4.5 V electrochemical window, allowing
for the fabrication of a high-voltage and safe lithium-ion battery in ambient atmosphere
without a drying room. Image credit: Jianhui Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_11.txt,allv2,6_11.txt,"On the Cover: Na-K is a room temperature liquid metal that could unlock a high-voltage
flow battery. We show that K-β″-alumina solid electrolyte, depicted in the middle
by its crystal structure, is stable to Na-K, the metallic liquid on the right, and
selectively transports K+ ions, yellow. The compatibility of this membrane to Na-K allows us to demonstrate
Na-K batteries with aqueous and nonaqueous posolytes, depicted by the liquid on the
left. Cover art by Younghee Lee at CUBE3D Graphic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"On the Cover: Building a high-energy-density rechargeable battery on the pouch cell
level is a challenging but important target. Based on a pure anionic redox reaction,
the inter-conversion between Li2O and Li2O2 has been systematically regulated by a low-cost catalytic matrix with trace amounts
of Ni, and the energy density of cathode has been remarkably boosted. Coupled with
a Li-metal anode, a rechargeable 500 Wh/kg Li-metal pouch-type full-cell has been
achieved. Cover art by Yu Qiao and Haoshen Zhou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_6.txt,multiBv1,4_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover image features an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) incorporating
an FeSn2 anode, a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, and a Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte placed on an electronic circuit. The continents of the Earth
are illuminated by the energy generated from this high-energy-density ASSB, symbolizing
its potential to revolutionize global energy storage and utilization. As demonstrated
by Lee et al., this ASSB exhibits exceptional performance, stability, and energy efficiency, emphasizing
its crucial role in advancing sustainable energy for the future. This pioneering research
highlights the potential of FeSn2 anodes to enhance the overall performance and safety of ASSBs, driving innovation
in energy storage technology. Artist/image source: Suk-Woo Yoon (SCIART 3D GRAPHIC
in Republic of Korea).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_3.txt,groundtruth,8_3.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_7.png,D,"This work presents a novel automatic machine learning-based manifold learning approach to discover essential transition components with kinetic properties. The circuit in the cover story represents neurons transmitting kinetic information from high-dimensional space into the protein structure of interest. The conformational space of the peptide (shown as sticks) is explored comprehensively in the protein pocket with shape complementarity considered. The lower curves with starring points indicate the long-lasting conformations, which can be used to guide subsequent drug design and lead optimization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_14.txt,multiBv1,2024_14.txt,A render of a lipoplex adhered to a bilayer is presented. Colors indicate headgroups and bilayer tail densities. MDVoxelSegmentation is presented as a delicious sorbet!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2021_1.txt,allv2,2021_1.txt,"The extension of the Martini forcefield to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, shown in red) enables coarse-grained simulation of more representative biological systems, such as the surface of cell membranes (yellow, green) where various proteoglycans and GAG-binding receptors (blue) are depicted.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_17.txt,sbert,2024_17.txt,Aminosterols entry pathway into a neuron-like lipid bilayer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,val
ACS Polymers Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Polymers Au/2025_1.png,A,"Severe aggregation of DNA origami is seen when oligolysine-1K PEG coatings are used (green), but in proper environmental conditions, the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"An artists' impression of the many proteins present in biological media, which interact in different compositions with the surface of polymer-coated nanoparticles. The type of polymer coating is decisive in the selection of proteins within the corona, which creates distinctive protein-covered surfaces that bias engagement with the biointerface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"Schematic representation of large size polar aggregates formed via hydrogen bonding between phosphate-terminated cis-1,4-polyisoprene chains in natural rubber (NR). The presence of multiple large size phosphate aggregates suggests a potential mechanism contributing to the superior comprehensive properties such as strain-induced crystallization observed in NR compared to synthetic polyisoprene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2024_3.txt,ave_3,2024_3.txt,"The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Polymers Au/2022_3.txt,multiBv1,2022_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_12.png,B,"COVER: Confronting race and racism to advance health equity, inspired by the Review on p84.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_11.txt,multiBv1,18_11.txt,"A spotlight on sex differences, inspired by this Focus issue.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Celebrating Pride Month, inspired by the Editorial and Comments on p337.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"Lineage relationships, inspired by the Review on p8.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_12.txt,sbert,18_12.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_3.png,D,"‘Supplying the synapse’, inspired by the Review on p4.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_12.txt,allv2,23_12.txt,"‘Inner vision’ inspired by the Review on p624.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_3.txt,ave_3,20_3.txt,"‘Synaptic engineering’, inspired by the Perspective on p131.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_11.txt,sbert,25_11.txt,"‘Synaptic labels’, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_3.txt,groundtruth,25_3.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_23.png,D,"On the cover: The image (from an original oil painting) represents cells migrating
and intercalating into an epithelial monolayer. The green area at the bottom of the
image is an epithelium with intact tight junctions, and the blue and magenta shapes
represent the incoming cells, some of which have settled onto the surface and begun
to penetrate between existing epithelial cells and integrate into the monolayer. To
learn more about mammary epithelial cell intercalation during ductal elongation, see
Pfannenstein et al., 1126–1138. Image credit: Ian Macara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_12.txt,sbert,58_12.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,ave_2,58_23.txt,"On the cover: The image, processed using Photoshop's “Plastic Wrap” effect, shows
an organoid derived from primary mouse mammary gland epithelial cells. Cytokeratin-14+
(red) myoepithelial cells constitute the outer layer of the organoid and promote the
inner E-Cadherin+ (green) luminal epithelial cells to undergo branching morphogenesis.
TGF-β1 stimulates Robo1 expression to enable SLIT/ROBO1 regulation of β-catenin-mediated basal cell proliferation
and branching morphogenesis. For more information, see Macias et al., pages 827–840.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/20_1.txt,allv2,20_1.txt,"On the cover: From roots of stem cells to mammary majesty: the image is a visual narrative
of the origin of mammary gland from hair-associated apocrine glands. The tree of life
transforms into a portrait of a face, with roots as embryonic stem cells (white) that
differentiate into branched mammary glands, represented by the hair. To learn more
about how to generate the mammary lineage in 3D organoids by directed differentiation
of mouse ES cells, see Sahu et al. Image credit: Sounak Sahu, Joseph Meyer, and Allen Kane.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_23.txt,groundtruth,59_23.txt,train
Trends in Genetics,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_1.png,D,"Alien spaceships looking for their home planet in the vast outer space illustrate
the search of a transcription factor (TF) for its binding sites within an enormous
genome. TFs require both speed and specificity in order to rapidly detect their specific
binding-sites. Trade-offs between these requirements limit existing TF binding-site
search models. On pages 421–432, Jana, Brodsky and Barkai discuss these trade-offs
and suggest a two-step mechanism for binding-site detection: First, long intrinsically
disordered regions (IDRs) within the TF recognize a broad DNA region surrounding the
precise binding-site, within which the DNA binding domain detects its preferred, short
binding motif. Rather than compromising speed versus specificity, this suggested mechanism
provides a solution that optimizes both facets of the search process. Art by Neta
Hadar. Concept by Dana Bar-Zvi and Neta Hadar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/37_8.txt,multiBv1,37_8.txt,"A classic approach to tracing genetic and molecular changes through evolution is to
compare closely and more distantly-related species to one another. This can now be
carried out for many species on a genome-wide level, giving rise to the field of evolutionary
genomics. On pages 309–317 of this issue of Trends in Genetics, Chris Todd Hittinger
reviews the Saccharomyces genus, including an updated taxonomy, and argues that this group of well-studied,
genetically tractable organisms is ideally positioned to become the first model genus
in evolutionary genomics. Cover depicts a stylized cladogram of the Saccharomyces genus, design by Chris Todd Hittinger.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_9.txt,allv2,29_9.txt,"Mutualistic symbiosis between soil-borne fungi and tree roots play an essential role
in forest health and productivity. The comparative analysis of two symbiotic fungi
genomes, those of Laccaria bicolor and Tuber melanosporum, is now providing insights
into the genetic foundation of this lifestyle. On pages 14–22 of this issue, Plett
and Martin discuss our current understanding of the genetic basis of this intimate
association.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_12.txt,ave_1,27_12.txt,"Starships are giant transposons found in fungi that mobilize genes as cargo
both within and between fungal genomes. In this issue, Andrew Urquhart, Aaron Vogan
and Emile Gluck-Thaler argue that Starships provide an unprecedented opportunity to
understand the genetic bases of fungal adaptation. Illustration by Oen Gregory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_5.png,A,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,Mass-throughput analysis of nanoparticles' morphologies is possible through the combination and optimization of various parameters in electron microscopy image analysis with genetic algorithms. The big data obtained through this method opens up opportunities for various statistical and ensemble studies on nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,"Mass spectrometry under entirely atmospheric conditions is developed to characterize single nanoparticles and viruses by nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). To transport the analyte particles to the minuscule surface of the NEMS sensor, an on-chip focusing lens is integrated into the device to accumulate part of the incoming charge and deflect the incoming particle stream toward the NEMS sensor. The self-focusing, vacuum-free NEMS mass spectrometry technology enhances the capture efficiency of analytes by more than 2 orders of magnitude.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2022_10.txt,ave_3,2022_10.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,test
BDJ,237_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_7.png,A,"In this issue
This issue features articles on smoking cessation, MIOC, and cocaine-induced destruction of the palate.

Cover image: From 2016. To celebrate the birth of the Portfolio and mark the first anniversary of the launch of its newest member, the open access online-only journal BDJ Open, we designed a cover series highlighting the letters B, D and J in collaboration with long-time editorial board member, Professor Damien Walmsley. The BDJ element represented in the cover of this issue is, perhaps somewhat controversially, composed of cake crafted in the letters by editorial team member at the time Ruth Doherty. Although appearing as Volume 221 Issue 7 (7 October 2016), it was actually baked and consumed in July of that year at a delicious editorial board meeting!
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_7.txt,groundtruth,237_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,ave_2,233_12.txt,"Farewell Stephen Hancocks!
This issue features articles on clinical audit, non-healing extraction socket, and the Surgical Dental Anxiety Scale.

Cover image: From 2022. For this issue, the cover celebrated is one of Stephen Hancocks’ favourites, a pop art style cover published in Volume 233 Issue 10 (25 November 2022). It was part of a series of covers celebrating 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. To mark Stephen’s 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief, the editorial team and cover artist decided to create a commemorative final cover featuring Stephen himself in pop art style. He smiles from behind a small mountain of journals while humbly accepting applause for his years of leadership.

Thank you Stephen for your 20 years’ service as Editor-in-Chief of the BDJ, and congratulations on your retirement. We will all miss Stephen, as a colleague, editor, advisor and friend – team meetings will never be the same!
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original artwork by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_1.txt,allv2,237_1.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on teething, diabetes mellitus, and NHS patient dental charges.

Cover image: From 2011. By the end of the first decade of this century, the financial crisis of 2008 and the clearly accelerating move towards digital communications coalesced as we sat down to decide on the cover series for the first half of 2011. The surge away from physical mail to email was a trigger for us to select postage stamps as a cover series. We were helped hugely in this by Stuart Geddes. The one featured centrally on the cover of this issue was originally used on Volume 210 Issue 3 (12 February 2011) and here is a representative of the series as well as our sense of how electronic media were posed to, and have indeed become the dominant feature of, our present world.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating stamps originally provided by Stuart Geddes",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_9.txt,ave_3,237_9.txt,test
Trends in Parasitology,41_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/41_1.png,C,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_2.txt,allv2,41_2.txt,"The cover illustrates a famous self portrait of Frida Kahlo that depicts
the close relation between humans and animals (domestics and wildlife) in a tropical
environment, typical of many zoonotic dirofilariasis infections. The parasite and
its vector
(Dirofilaria and the mosquito) are also part of this intricate interface. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Perles et al. review data concerning dirofilariasis in humans, especially wildlife
associated Dirofilaria species that are less often reported as causative agents of human
dirofilariasis, including D. striata, D. tenuis, D. ursi, D. spectans and D. magnilarvata. The authors advocate the importance of combined morphological and genomic approaches
to
providing unequivocal evidence for their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Image
credit: Sofia Otranto and Jairo Mendoza-Roldan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.txt,ave_3,40_10.txt,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_1.txt,groundtruth,41_1.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology we highlight the interaction between mosquito bite, inflammation and virus. The repeated
concentric mosquito pattern emphasizes the emerging threat that arbovirus infections
constitute globally. Simultaneously, the chosen colors represent the interaction between
environmental factors (lighter corner), inflammatory responses in the skin to mosquito
bites (red tones), and how this modulates the systemic course of infection (darker
tones). This image also encapsulates the interdisciplinary nature of this field, bringing
together mosquito vector biology, immunology and virology. Cover art courtesy of Dr
Kave Shams.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_5.txt,ave_2,33_5.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.png,D,"In recent years, debates have flourished over whether empathy facilitates or hinders
desirable socioemotional outcomes. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Erika Weisz and Mina Cikara discuss how different components of empathy, including
experience sharing, perspective-taking, and empathic concern, influence outcomes in
four domains: helping behaviour, occupational burnout, relationship quality, and negotiation
outcomes. The review highlights the need for additional work characterizing when and
how interactions between these three empathy-related components shape key outcomes.
Cover image from Kateryna Kovarzh / iStock / Getty Images Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/25_10.txt,multiBv1,25_10.txt,"A longstanding debate in the field of emotion research has focused on the question
of whether emotions are better conceptualized in terms of discrete emotion categories,
such as fear and anger, or underlying dimensions, such as arousal and valence. On
pages 458–466, Stephan Hamann addresses this debate through the lens of functional
neuroimaging and suggests that, although there is evidence to support both theoretical
approaches, it is also clear that there are no simple one-to-one mappings between
emotions and brain regions. Instead, individual brain regions often contribute to
multiple emotions, which points to the need for more complex, network-based representations
of emotion. Cover image: istockphoto.com",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/16_4.txt,ave_2,16_4.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Christian Keysers, Ewelina Knapska, Marta A. Moita, and Valeria Gazzola review how
mice and rats robustly share the distress of their conspecifics through brain regions
that closely resemble those associated with empathy in humans. They discuss how this
emotional contagion may have evolved to help animals sense danger through the reactions
of their conspecifics. Rodents have now also been shown to engage in a number of prosocial
behaviors, and emotional contagion may promote such behaviors. The anthropomorphic
cartoon on the cover depicts these phenomena: a rat is in peril of falling to her
death, and the bystanders on the rock ledge turn to her, partake in her fear, and
attempt to help. The neurons on the rock symbolize our consolidating understanding
of the neural bases of these processes. Image by Gil Costa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_5.txt,allv2,26_5.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Shaun Gallagher and
colleagues propose a ‘pattern theory of compassion’ that clarifies distinctions between
empathy, sympathy, and compassion. The pattern theory identifies a set of diverse
components that form a dynamic Gestalt constitutive of compassion. A review of
neuroscientific studies of compassion provides evidence to support the pattern theory,
and the processes and factors that make up the pattern can contribute to guide
compassion training. The anthropomorphic cartoon on the cover depicts some of the
differences between empathy, sympathy, and compassion. From left to right: empathy
(quasi-isomorphic) is signified by the quasi-same color for empathizer-empathized;
sympathy (related but not isomorphic) is signified by similar band colors; compassion
(non-isomorphic) is signified by different colors. Image by Junio Aglioti Colombini.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_7.txt,groundtruth,28_7.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_17,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_17.png,D,"In drug discovery target druggability is frequently interpreted as the ease with which a protein pocket may bind with high affinity and specificity drug-like small molecules. However owing to protein flexibility, many druggable protein pockets are 'cryptic' and only revealed after a ligand has already been identified. Cuchillo et al. report the JEDI algorithm (Just Exploring protein Druggability at Interfaces) to facilitate the prediction of cryptic druggable pockets in proteins by means of biased molecular dynamics simulations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_8.txt,allv2,2015_8.txt,s-molecular dynamics simulations and umbrella sampling simulations allow the rationalization of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 enzyme inhibition by ebselen and ebsulfur to contrast antibiotic resistance. The role of chalcogen,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,"Main stages of the aquaPELE step. It starts with the perturbation stage where the ligand and water molecules are translated and rotated to available new locations, if any, highlighted with yellow and green shadows, respectively. The protein backbone is also perturbed, allowing it to follow its principal vibrational normal modes, highlighted with a pink shadow. Finally, in the relaxation stage, it runs a side-chain prediction algorithm, depicted by gray areas, and a global minimization, which is not represented but affects all of the atoms in the complex.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_1.txt,sbert,2020_1.txt,"The extension of the Martini forcefield to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, shown in red) enables coarse-grained simulation of more representative biological systems, such as the surface of cell membranes (yellow, green) where various proteoglycans and GAG-binding receptors (blue) are depicted.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_17.txt,groundtruth,2024_17.txt,test
Immunity,57_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_8.png,A,"On the cover: Immune systems exhibit marked differences at baseline in the human population.
In this issue, Mulè et al. introduce the concept of a “naturally adjuvanted” baseline immune setpoint. The authors
use a statistical framework for integrating human population and single-cell variations
in response to influenza vaccines and find that at baseline—before vaccination—innate
immune cell subsets in high responders to an unadjuvanted vaccine phenocopy cell states
uniquely induced by vaccines formulated with the adjuvant AS03. The state of individual
immune systems is illustrated as leaves. Past encounters with caterpillars shape each
leaf, akin to how past exposures and environmental inputs shape immune systems. Amidst
these variations, vividly colored leaves represent individuals who exhibit a shared
naturally adjuvanted immune setpoint, whereas grey leaves represent those less poised
to respond. Artwork by Sarah Hopkins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_8.txt,groundtruth,57_8.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,allv2,57_9.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Randolph and Barreiro outline basic concepts in herd
immunity and discuss these within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herd immunity
occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune to a specific pathogen.
In this case, susceptible individuals benefit from indirect protection from infection
because the probability of transmission between susceptible and infected hosts is
decreased. The extent of interconnectedness between individuals within a population
is illustrated by gray lines. These connections potentially facilitate the rapid spread
of infectious agents. However, if an infected host (white outline and orange connections)
is introduced into a population wherein a large proportion of individuals are immune
to that pathogen, then the infection will fail to spread, as most transmission events
will be unsuccessful. Cover design by Barreiro and Randolph; image via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/52_2.txt,ave_1,52_2.txt,"On the cover: The immune system and the nervous system were once viewed as distinct,
but it is increasingly clear that they are closely interconnected and that they interact
in a myriad of complex ways during development, homeostasis, and disease. In this
issue of Immunity, we present five review articles that highlight the connections between the immune
system and the nervous system and describe the unique roles of the cells that function
at their interface. Hunter and Klein (891–909) discuss the protective and pathological
responses of innate and adaptive immune cells within the blood-brain barrier during
infections of the central nervous system. Yoo and Mazmanian (910–926) explain the
anatomy and physiology of the enteric nervous system and highlight its essential role
in regulating microbe-induced immune responses in the gut. Tracey and colleagues (927–942)
discuss the interactions between afferent (sensory) neurons and the immune system
along with the role of efferent (motor) neuronal pathways in regulating immunity.
They also highlight exciting new therapeutic possibilities for bioelectronics devices
in treating inflammatory diseases. Kipnis and colleagues (943–956) focus on the important
relationship between myeloid cells and the central nervous system during homeostasis
and the consequences of their dysregulation during disease. Finally, Liddelow and
Barres (957–967) discuss recent findings indicating that immune cells release cytokines
after injury and disease that activate astrocytes to one of at least two reactive
states—one harmful (A1), and one helpful (A2)—and highlight methods for identifying
and purifying reactive astrocytes. The cover illustration depicts purified rat astrocytes
in culture undergoing a transition from a resting state to a neurotoxic A1 reactive
state. Image by Shane Liddelow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/46_1.txt,sbert,46_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_2.png,B,"Tissue adaptation, inspired by the Review on p807.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_1.txt,sbert,23_1.txt,"Rheumatic disease, inspired by the Review on p781.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"Atherosclerosis, inspired by the Review on p251.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_9.txt,allv2,22_9.txt,"‘Immunology of the bone’, inspired by the Review on p626
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_3.txt,ave_2,19_3.txt,train
Med,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_6.png,B,"On the Cover: Laboratory test results can be affected by idiosyncratic factors. In
this issue, using a large dataset of blood tests, Obermeyer and Pope (pp. 1314–1326)
show that ambient temperature on the day a patient’s blood is drawn can impact the
results of many core clinical assays, including renal function parameters, cellular
blood components, and lipids. In turn, these results affect medical decision making,
as the authors observe that doctors are less likely to prescribe statins to patients
whose lipid levels are tested on colder days. The cover represents fluctuations in
ambient temperature that can unexpectedly impact lab results.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"On the cover: Chemotherapies are currently dosed based on a patient's height and weight,
using an equation from 1916 to estimate their body surface area. This method leads
to variability in pharmacokinetics, potentially causing increased toxicities and decreased
efficacy. Personalized dosing could improve the patient's experience by providing
a more accurate dose, reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. In this
issue of Med, DeRidder et al. develop a closed-loop automated drug infusion regulator (CLAUDIA) system to address
this challenge by ensuring the drug reaches the target concentration regardless of
other factors. This illustration depicts a positive treatment experience, with patients
walking unbothered by their personalized chemotherapy dose represented by colorful
IV bags floating like balloons. Recovery is gentler, and daily life is less impacted
by chemotherapy. Cover credit: Virginia E. Fulford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,multiBv1,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Drug safety in children can be affected by a number of dynamic variables
such as enzymatic activity and hormonal levels that change during child growth and
development. However, tools to predict adverse events in pediatric patients currently
do not take into account these dynamics. In this issue, Giangreco and Tatonetti (pp.
579–595) describe a pharmacovigilance signal-detection algorithm to identify dynamic
adverse events (such as metabolic and psychiatric disorders) and develop a database
and a web application that provide the first resource to identify and evaluate drug
safety signals across child-development stages. The cover symbolizes the data-driven
method of the authors to provide more clarity on drug safety in pediatric patients,
as parts of the image become better refined. Cover credit: adapted by Kip Lyall from
FG Trade/E+ via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2025_1.png,C,"is proud to announce the winners of the inaugural Excellence in Review Award, recognizing those individuals who have repeatedly delivered particularly outstanding quality, timely",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"This captivating cover art symbolizes the complex interplay of factors driving eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. The artwork illustrates the intricate relationship among environmental variables, sediment nutrient release, and microbial communities in West Lake, revealing the critical role of submerged plants and microbial diversity in shaping nutrient dynamics. This comprehensive study sheds light on the dynamics of internal nutrient loading, providing insights crucial for effective ecosystem management and water quality preservation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_11.txt,sbert,2024_11.txt,The front cover by postgraduate student Kemi Oloyede at Imperial College London is part of the Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_86,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_86.png,C,"ONLINE COVER  Highlights for Buildings. In this issue, Science Robotics discusses developments in additive manufacturing, digital design and fabrication, sensors and connectivity of structures, and new construction materials. [CREDIT: STEVEN KEATING, JULIAN LELAND, LEVI CAI, NERI OXMAN/MEDIATED MATTER GROUP]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Mod Machines for Manufacturing. Industrial robots are typically large, expensive, and optimized for a single task. However, manufacturers increasingly favor customized production on smaller scales and multifunctional machines that do not require extensive reprogramming to switch tasks. Althoff et al. present a set of interconnectable modules that programs and verifies the safety of the assembled robots, with a control performance similar to that of nonmodular robots and a 36% reduction in robot idle time. Such self-programming, self-verifying machines may make modular robots cost-effective and safe for factories. [CREDIT: MATTIAS ALTHOFF/TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/4_31.txt,multiBv1,4_31.txt,ONLINE COVER Programmable Matter—Lattice structures can be self-assembled and reconfigured autonomously using robots. Gregg et al. report on a self-reprogrammable system made of lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber–reinforced composite unit cells that can be assembled by transport and fastening robots. The robots work collaboratively with the aid of a path-planning algorithm to build lattice structures of desired geometry and to form mechanical metamaterials at scale. This month’s cover is an image of the robots working collaboratively to build the metamaterial lattice structure. Credit: NASA/Brandon Torres,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_86.txt,groundtruth,9_86.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Model of Oneself. Robots, like humans and animals, require self-models to be able to anticipate and plan future actions. Chen et al. developed a method that enables a robot arm to model its morphology and kinematics using an approach based on query-driven visual self-modeling. This month’s cover is a multiple-exposure image of a self-modeled robot arm touching a small red sphere while avoiding a large red cube. Credit: Columbia Engineering",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_68.txt,sbert,7_68.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_5.png,B,"Macroecology patterns in microbiomes
Using a macroecological approach and human and murine gut microbiota datasets, the authors show that these complex microbial communities display similar quantitative relationships to those observed in other systems, including the identification of specific taxa that are impacted by environmental change.
See Vitkup, D. et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio and Dennis Vitkup. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,"Focus on microbial ecology
Microbes and viruses are abundant across terrestrial, freshwater and marine systems, and their behaviours have a profound influence on biogeochemical cycling, the climate, plant and agricultural productivity, and human and animal health. However, our understanding is plagued by unknowns regarding the nature of microbial interactions, the evolution and diversity of these communities, and best practices for studying and conceptualizing the complex dynamics of this unseen majority. This month’s focus issue features a set of Reviews, Perspectives and commentary that span microbial ecology from the organismal to the global scales, shining a light on the research questions that will guide the field.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_5.txt,groundtruth,9_5.txt,"Best practices in microbiology
Best practices in microbiology range from learning sterile techniques or streaking your bacterial strain of choice, to defining frameworks to facilitate data sharing. These practices guide us towards more robust, reproducible, ethical and sustainable science and facilitate major advances. This month’s focus issue features a set of Perspectives that discuss best practices for microbiome research, specifically synthetic communities and the design of clinical trials for probiotics and prebiotics. To accompany the issue, we present a Series hosting an evolving collection of articles that will expand over time to highlight tools, frameworks and resources that push us towards better microbiology research.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_2.txt,multiBv1,9_2.txt,"Focus on microbes and climate change
The 28th annual United Nations Climate Change Conference, known colloquially as COP28, is being held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 31 November to 12 December 2023. Microbes are integral members of climate systems. They produce and consume greenhouse gases, their ecology is affected by environmental variables, and they can be engineered for the sustainable production of chemicals or applied in waste recycling. This month's focus issue highlights different aspects of microbes and climate, including the spread and emergence of infectious diseases, how microbial interactions are modulated by the environment and the urgent need to recognize microbes in climate discussions.
See Editorial
Image: fairywong/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/8_1.txt,allv2,8_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_5.png,C,"The mechanisms that provide defense against infection can be categorized into three
strategies: Avoidance, Resistance and Tolerance (ART) as defense strategies against
infection. Avoidance consists in limiting contact with potential infectious agents,
in some cases the only possible defense mechanism against infectious diseases. At
the event of infection, resistance mechanisms aim at eliminating the infectious agent,
while disease tolerance aims at limiting tissue dysfunction and damage without interfering
directly with pathogens. The cover illustrates the broad scope of these strategies,
and highlights tissue damage control as a central mechanism of disease tolerance.
Cover courtesy of Miguel Soares, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência. Artwork by mackintoxico
(Tó Trips). You can see music by mackintoxico (guitar) and Dead Combo here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxwIWwdBWzY",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/35_3.txt,ave_3,35_3.txt,"Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is a serious global
health threat causing over 4000 deaths per day worldwide. Not all infected individuals
develop clinical disease, however, and rapid clearance of pathogen or latent infection
are other outcomes. Understanding how the host innate and adaptive arms of the immune
system interact with the bacteria is crucial for understanding susceptibility to progressive
disease. On pages 14–25, Lowe et al., discuss the complex role of neutrophils during
M tuberculosis infection. They argue that neutrophils can be protective when recruited
early to the infection site. But if infection persists, neutrophils may act as a ‘Trojan
Horse’ for trafficking of bacilli to distal sites. How neutrophils contribute to pathology
in established disease is also considered. Cover image credit: Getty Images/Photodisc/Nick
Koudis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/33_13.txt,allv2,33_13.txt,"Tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality from an infectious disease. On
pages 649–661, Suliman and colleagues discuss new scientific evidence suggesting that
viral infections may contribute to tuberculosis progression and risk. In the illustration,
the
artist was inspired by Mark Rothko, and drew a clump of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
meeting at the center with a swarm of HIV-1. Image credit: Caroline Cha.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_5.txt,groundtruth,45_5.txt,"Tuberculosis, caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major health threat worldwide. New vaccine candidates hold promise for
better control of tuberculosis. On pages 373–379, Stefan Kaufmann reviews the status
of Tuberculosis vaccine candidates close to or entering clinical trials. The author
also argues for the importance of continued basic and translational research to understand
how efficient immune responses to Mtb are generated, with the ultimate goal of generating vaccines that stimulate sterilizing
immunity. The cover image shows a coloured scanning electron microscopy image of a
bone marrow-derived macrophage (green) engulfing Mtb. (orange). Image courtesy of Volker Brinkmann, Max Planck Institute for Infection
Biology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/33_6.txt,ave_2,33_6.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_10.png,B,"Chronic diseases have been linked to environmental factors, antibiotic use, diet or
infection, to mention a few, and might negatively impact on the crosstalk between
the immune system and microbiota. As discussed in pages 831–843 of this issue by Timothy
Hand and colleagues, shifts in microbiota towards reduced diversity and increased
inflammatory character are sensed by the immune system, by direct interaction with
bacteria and by sensing microbiota-derived metabolites, and further contribute to
chronic inflammatory diseases. Cover is a composite of images from IstockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_1.txt,allv2,27_1.txt,"A tug-of-war between bacteria and immune cells for certain metabolites
gives the winning side the chance to survive. In recent years, it has become apparent
that metabolism is crucial for immune cell function; it is now also clear that pathogens
have adapted to utilise cellular metabolism for their own survival. This month, Almeida
et al. (pp. 235—248) detail how macrophage metabolism can accumulate intermediate
metabolites to interfere with bacterial metabolism. In retaliation, certain bacteria
have
adapted macrophage metabolism to confer fitness advantages. The cover represents
this constant battle between macrophages (in blue) and bacteria (in purple) over
metabolites for survival. Cover credit: concept design from Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
and Luís Almeida; illustration/colourisation from Ying Pung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_10.txt,groundtruth,35_10.txt,"Since Warburg's time, it has been recognized that iron is essential for
metabolism. But how do cells utilize this versatile biometal? In this issue, Teh et al.
offer an exploration of iron's diverse roles, spanning cellular biochemistry to clinical
pathology. The cover illustrates the authors' goal to provide contemporary insights—
symbolized by a laptop on a lectern showcasing iron trafficking—into enduring
questions, represented by a gothic library adorned with iron-themed stained glass
and
ancient books. Cover credit: Sonhita Chakraborty (www.artbysonhita.com/)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.txt,multiBv1,35_1.txt,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,ave_2,35_7.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_6.png,A,"Preventing pathological expansion of tandem repeats
Analysis of the FGF14-SCA27B repeat locus identifies a common 5'-flanking insertion that is present exclusively in non-pathogenic alleles and enhances repeat stability.
See Pellerin et al.
Image: Marie Stargala and Matthew Rosen. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_6.txt,groundtruth,56_6.txt,"Brain mosaic mutations
Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are largely caused by somatic mosaic mutations, illustrated here by a 3D brain mosaic. Chung et al. analyzed patients with MCD, and identified disease-associated genes. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and mouse modeling implicated radial glia and daughter excitatory neurons.
See Chung et al.
Image: Veronika Mertens. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_11.txt,ave_1,55_11.txt,"Slipped-strand DNA
The cover image depicts an analogy often used by teachers of molecular genetics courses when describing slipped-strand DNA: DNA is like a zipper made of two strands, Watson and Crick. Usually, the zippers’ teeth pair perfectly, but in repetitive DNAs, the zipper can get jammed by misaligned pairing of the teeth, thus producing slipped-DNA structures. Slipped DNAs formed by disease-causing CAG/CTG-repeating DNAs can be incorrectly repaired and can consequently yield repeat mutations, which are known to cause at least 17 human neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, such as Huntington’s disease (HD). Ongoing repeat expansions arise in affected tissues and contribute to disease onset, progression and severity. Arresting or reversing somatic repeat expansions should arrest or reverse disease onset, progression and severity. In HD model mice, a small molecule that targets the expansion process by specifically binding slipped-CAG repeats can induce contractions of the expanded repeat in the striatum, a vulnerable brain region in people with HD. Essentially, this treatment can reverse the disease-causing repeat expansions.
See Nakamori et al.
Image: Christopher Pearson. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/52_11.txt,allv2,52_11.txt,"Matching facial phenotypes of rare disorders
The diagnostic odyssey can last indefinitely when the gene that underlies a patient’s disorder remains unknown. The ability to identify undiagnosed patients who ‘match’ based on facial features can be a crucial precursor to identifying the underlying disease-causing genes. GestaltMatcher can establish these matches, igniting the necessary process of delineating new disease entities and diagnoses.
See Hsieh et al.
Image: Jean-Tori Pantel. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_10.txt,sbert,54_10.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_10.png,D,"A new quantum standard of resistance
High-accuracy measurements of Hall resistance quantization in the quantum anomalous Hall effect regime on a device based on a magnetically doped topological insulator show that the system could provide a quantum resistance standard at zero external magnetic field. The optical differential interference contrast microscopy image on the cover shows the quantum anomalous Hall effect device, which is fabricated from the topological insulator vanadium-doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3.
See Patel et al. and News & Views by Callegaro
Image: Kajetan Fijalkowski, University of Würzburg. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,"Transducers get thin and integrated
Ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide films that are only 10 nm thick can be used to create integrated nanoelectromechanical transducers. The cover shows a scanning electron microscopy image of a nanomechanical resonator built by integrating the transducer (highlighted in pink) into an aluminium nitride (highlighted in green) on silicon membrane.
See Ghatge et al.
Image: Mayur Ghatge, University of Florida. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/2_2.txt,multiBv1,2_2.txt,"Artificial neural networks in 2D
Multilayers of the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) can be employed as the resistive switching material in high-density memristive crossbar arrays, creating devices that can be used to model an artificial neural network for image recognition. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a 10 × 10 memristor crossbar array, which has a vertical metal/h-BN/metal structure.
See Chen et al.
Image: Mario Lanza, Soochow University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,"An elemental nonlinear Hall effect
Thin films of the element bismuth — an environmentally friendly and scalable material — can exhibit a tunable room-temperature nonlinear Hall effect, which could be of use in the development of optoelectronic devices. The scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a bismuth Hall cross device, which is used to explore magnetotransport and the nonlinear Hall effect in the polycrystalline thin films.
See Makushko et al. and News & Views by Belosevich et al.
Image: © HZDR. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_10.txt,groundtruth,7_10.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_5.png,B,"Fluorescence confocal imaging of a rat retina that has been implanted with a fully organic retinal prosthesis composed of a passive silk fibroin substrate (yellow) coated with a photovoltaic polymeric layer (red). Cell nuclei are in blue, glial cells in green. [doi:10.1038/s41684-018-0003-1]
Image credit: Stefano Di Marco & Mattia Dipaolo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/47_9.txt,allv2,47_9.txt,"New tool for monitoring mouse subretinal fibrosis
Efficient tools for monitoring fibrosis-related changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration are lacking. Linder et al. describe the first use of fluorescently labeled collagen hybridizing peptides to directly image collagen remodeling and monitor fibrosis in two mouse models of ocular neovascularization.
See Linder
Cover image: Zentangle / iStock / Getty Images Plus and Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_5.txt,groundtruth,53_5.txt,"New mouse models for bioluminescence imaging
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using luciferase reporters is a useful method for the noninvasive visualization of molecular and cellular behaviors in living animals. Nakashiba et al. generated and characterized two new reporter mouse lines for BLI using the highly bright luciferases oFluc and Akaluc. These strains can be used in combination with a variety of Cre-driver mice to study various biological processes in vivo.
See Nakashiba et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_3.txt,multiBv1,52_3.txt,"A mouse by any other name
Mice are a commonly used model in biomedical research. However, like with any project, using the correct tool is necessary for success. This is where proper murine nomenclature becomes critical and that investigators understand these details when using animals and reporting results.
See Mallapaty
Image: Jesse D. Eriksen/Moment Open/ Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/47_5.txt,ave_3,47_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_4.png,A,"Designing clinical trials for alcohol use, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p626.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_4.txt,groundtruth,21_4.txt,"Breaking barriers, inspired by the Review on p222.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.txt,sbert,21_9.txt,"The road forward, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p60.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_12.txt,allv2,19_12.txt,"Monitoring coeliac disease, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guidelines on p198.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.txt,multiBv1,21_10.txt,test
Nature Physics,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_11.png,A,"Emergent higher orders
The dynamics of complex systems are often modelled using low-rank matrices, but the formal validity of this method has not yet been confirmed. Thibeault et al. present an analysis of random networks and real-world data that sheds light on this low-rank hypothesis and its implications.
See Thibeault et al. and Gao
Image: Myriam Thibeault and Vincent Thibeault, Université Laval. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Universal dynamics out of equilibrium
The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology.
See Huh et al. and Prüfer
Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/20_10.txt,ave_3,20_10.txt,"Zoom out to zoom in
The renormalization group method is routinely employed to study critical behaviour in many areas of physics, especially those that can be described by field theories. Now, a framework based on such a description of information diffusion extends renormalization group methods to the study of complex networks.
See Villegas et al. and Klemm
Image: Villegas Góngora, Centro Fermi. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_10.txt,allv2,19_10.txt,"When networks get real
Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts.
See Barabási et al.
IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/17_11.txt,ave_2,17_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_9.png,B,"Brain injury, inspired by the Perspective on p419.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_6.txt,allv2,18_6.txt,"Diversity, equity and inclusion in reaching global brain health, inspired by the Editorial on p199.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,multiBv1,20_2.txt,"Cultural influences on dementia risk and management, inspired by the Perspective on p307.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_8.txt,ave_3,18_8.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_9.png,B,"1,3,4-Oxadiazolines can be activated by triplet energy transfer catalysis under visible-light irradiation. The generated carbenes react with electron-poor olefins, giving valuable spirocyclopropanes. Mechanistic investigations, both theoretical and experimental, uncover plausible pathways and highlight the importance of the triplet energy transfer steps.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_22.txt,multiBv1,2023_22.txt,"Out of two possible activation modes to provide two sulfonyl radicals, mechanistic studies rule out an energy transfer mechanism and support an oxidative quenching photoredox cycle featuring a sulfinate intermediate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The 9,10-bis(diarylamino)anthracene photocatalyst induces radical fluoroalkylation from various electron-accepting fluoroalkylating reagents under visible light irradiation. A delocalized cationic radical species serves as a key active catalytic species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2018_3.txt,allv2,2018_3.txt,"We successfully employ readily available oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical precursors to couple with pyridinium salts, selectively introducing the amide group into pyridine architectures. The key innovation lies in the successful integration of an acridinium-based photocatalyst, which enables the formation of amide bonds through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.txt,ave_3,2024_5.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_2.png,D,"Responsive triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion was used to sense the presence of Mg2+ based on the crown ether functionalized anthracene derivatives as the annihilator, PtOEP as the sensitizer, and crown ether as the responsive moiety via multiple energy transfer processes under the excitation of a green light source. The [Mg2+] dependent upconversion luminescence spectra enabled the establishment of a ratiometric relationship between the ratio of the integrated upconverted (UC) luminescence intensity over integrated phosphorescence (PL) luminescence intensity and the concentration of Mg2+. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2022_35.txt,multiBv1,2022_35.txt,Illustration of the importance of substitution at the C(9) position of doubly locked GFP chromophore derivatives to modulate two-photon absorption efficiency. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_8.txt,allv2,2025_8.txt,"The unique composition of the retinal binding pocket in KR2 with a tight interaction between the retinal Schiff base and its respective counterion D116 has interesting implications on the photochemical pathway of the chromophore and the functional mechanism for the actual charge translocation during the photocycle. Such photoinduced dynamics – alongside the structural changes of the protein – are studied in the whole optical range spanning from the IR, over the visible and the UV. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2023_35.txt,sbert,2023_35.txt,"The two-photon absorption of the Green Fluorescent Protein is intrinsically enhanced when utilizing quantum light. The classical and entangled two-photon absorption strengths can be differentially modulated by the protein, enabling precise control over the outcome through adjustments in its local electric field induced by a single amino acid substitution. The image is an artistic representation of the protein absorbing entangled light. Part of the image was generated by artificial intelligence using Kandinsky 2.2. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry B/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,9_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/9_1.png,B,"Genes, geography and social class
There are large regional inequalities in wealth and educational attainment within Great Britain. New research shows that these regional inequalities have a genetic component that is becoming stronger over time.
See Abdellaoui et al.
Cover image: Chris Luigjes, University of Amsterdam. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"Pupil literacy in LMICs
Although school enrolment has expanded rapidly around the world since the 1950s, enrolment does not necessarily translate to meaningful increases in literacy. Crawford et al. report data from over half a million pupils from 48 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that show that pupils across the first three instructional years are failing to acquire the most basic skills that underpin reading comprehension. The authors suggest that systematic phonics programmes are needed to reach literacy goals.
See Crawford et al. See also News & Views by Kaffenberger
Image: Malte Mueller/fStop/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/9_1.txt,groundtruth,9_1.txt,"Sharing common resources
How do children navigate common resource dilemmas and develop the skills necessary to overcome the tragedy of the commons? A common pool resource experiment shows that six-year-olds are collectively able to avoid collapsing a shared resource, using similar strategies to adults.
See Koomen and Herrmann
Image: Tim Platt/Iconica/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_8.txt,ave_2,2_8.txt,"Educational inequity in the USA
There is a commonly held notion in the field of education that racial inequities are a result of Black, Latinx and Indigenous (BLI) students putting in less effort or being uninterested in their education. However, past studies have found that BLI students are as motivated as white, Asian or Asian-American students, if not more so. An Article by Silverman and colleagues reports the results of three studies conducted in the USA that found that BLI students receive lower grades than non-BLI students with similar patterns of motivation. One factor that contributes to this inequitable motivational payoff is teachers’ racially biased beliefs about students, representing the powerful influence of a variety of social forces to shape educational inequities.
See Silverman et al.
Cover image: lemono / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_9.txt,allv2,7_9.txt,train
Nature Food,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_6.png,B,"One Health aquaculture
Aquaculture, the farming of aquatic animals and plants, is one of the fastest developing food sectors globally, and in recent years has become the main source of fish available for human consumption. Applying the principles of One Health — the interconnectedness of human, animal and planetary health — could well support enhanced sustainable production in aquaculture; facilitating food and nutrition security, poverty alleviation, economic development and the protection of natural resources.
See Stentiford et al.
Image: Sami Sarkis/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Marine aquaculture’s carbon footprint
Demand for seafood is projected to rise in the coming decades. While catches from wild fisheries have stagnated, several types of aquaculture production systems have emerged to meet this demand. Marine aquaculture, or mariculture, forms a small part of the aquaculture sector with potential for growth. Climate-friendly farm designs, species selection, low-density operational practices and careful site selection can mitigate potential damage to marine ecosystems and avoid carbon loss. Mariculture’s carbon footprints could be ~40% lower than those of freshwater aquaculture based on fish feed, energy use and the aquatic environment emissions — offering an opportunity for environmentally sustainable seafood production.
See Shen et al.
Image: Abstract Aerial Art/DigitalVision/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"Marine resources for aquaculture
Salmon aquaculture is projected to grow by 2–3% per year to meet the increasing demand for aquatic foods. Wild-caught, marine-derived resources in the form of fish meal and fish oil are key sources of protein and lipids in salmon aquafeed formulations, but with wild fish stocks stagnating, this resource presents a limiting factor for future sector growth. Global salmon production potential was modelled, incorporating a 1–3% growth rate and exploring a variety of fish oil and fish meal utilization scenarios. Incorporating 3% fish oil and 3% fish meal in aquafeed could permit 2% per year production growth until 2100 — independent of novel aquaculture feeds that are currently being utilized.
Aquatic foods, such as salmon, form an important dietary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Based on these findings, 300 grams of salmon per week would provide almost all the recommended weekly intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid — demonstrating that finite marine resources, when used judiciously, can contribute to salmon aquaculture sector growth and healthy diets.
See Rocker et al.
Image: Marc Guitard/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"Tropical small-scale octopus fisheries
Small-scale fisheries represent one-quarter of the global fishing sector and are particularly important in the tropics, where they provide socioeconomic benefits and essential micronutrients. Tropical small-scale octopus fishery catches account for almost half of all octopus caught in the tropics, with 88,000 tonnes of catch and processed octopus worth US$2.3 billion. Octopus consumption contributes copper, iron, selenium and vitamin B12 to regional diets. Small-scale catch methods, such as pots and traps, have minimal bycatch and improved sustainability compared with catch methods that target overexploited finfish stocks. Tropical small-scale octopus fisheries benefit from octopuses’ fast growth rates and adaptability to warming oceans, offering an environmentally sustainable option to expand future small-scale fishing activities in the tropics.
See Willer et al.
Image: Jose A. Bernat Bacete / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_11.txt,ave_3,4_11.txt,test
Nature Synthesis,3_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_7.png,A,"Cyclodextrins through the looking glass
The syntheses of mirror-image versions of three naturally occurring cyclodextrins from simple monosaccharide building blocks are reported. The synthetic strategy involves 1,2-cis-L-glucosylation, one-pot glycosylation, and diastereoselective cyclization, providing the cyclo-oligosaccharides in up to half-gram quantities.
See Wu et al.
Image: Kaili Chien at SHO SHO Design Ltd. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_7.txt,groundtruth,3_7.txt,"Catalytic cyclotrimerization
Catalytic [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of three different unsaturated compounds is a major goal in synthetic organic chemistry. Using chiral cationic rhodium(I) catalysts, terminal alkynes, alkynoates and cis-enamides undergo highly stereoselective [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization to give chiral cyclohexadienylamines as a single product.
See Fujii et al.
Image: Ken Tanaka, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_8.txt,multiBv1,1_8.txt,"From alkynes to graphyne
The long-pursued carbon allotrope, γ-graphyne, is synthesized by alkyne metathesis. Simultaneous removal of the 2-butyne by-product — the escaping molecule — and self-correction of bonds formed in error, leads to a crystalline polymer product with periodic carbon–carbon double and triple bonds.
See Hu et al.
Image: Yiming Hu, University of Colorado Boulder. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_7.txt,ave_3,1_7.txt,"Stairway to a 1,080-mer
Starting from monosaccharide building blocks, a linear 1,080-mer arabinan is assembled using an automated synthesis approach. This method is used to prepare homogeneous biomacromolecules with the number of constituent units reaching 1,080, as well as a library of bioactive oligosaccharides.
See Yao et al.
Image: Wenlong Yao, Peking University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,29_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_2.png,C,"Failing to control one's own behavior underlies several social and mental health problems.
On pages 132–139 Todd Heatherton and Dylan D. Wagner review a large body of recent
psychological and neuroscientific research on self-regulation failures, including
addictive or hedonistic behavior, lack of emotional control, as well as stereotyping
and prejudicial behavior. The authors propose a model of self-regulation that accounts
for relf-regulation failures in terms of a loss of balance between prefrontal cortical
regions that implement cognitive control and subcortical structures that drive appetitive
behaviors. Although facetious, the cover image (Brett Lamb/iStock Vectors/Getty Images)
powerfully demonstrates the detrimental effects of loss of control.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/15_11.txt,ave_2,15_11.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.txt,allv2,29_1.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_2.txt,groundtruth,29_2.txt,"We spend a lifetime learning, storing, and refining a repertoire of diverse memories.
This diversity underlies the behavioral flexibility that humans and other animals
exhibit. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, James Heald and colleagues review a computational framework of such repertoire learning.
Key to the framework is that the brain associates memories with contexts and that
estimating the current context controls memory creation, expression, and updating.
This framework provides a unifying account of phenomena across numerous domains, including
classical and instrumental conditioning, episodic memory, economic decision making,
and motor learning. The cover image depicts different contexts, associated with manipulating
different objects in a variety of environments, which can lead to laying down distinct,
context-dependent episodic, procedural, and motor memories. Cover art by Matteo Farinella.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_12.txt,ave_3,27_12.txt,val
ACS Sensors,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2025_1.png,D,aper-based sensing platform has the potential to deliver low-cost and rapid sensing technologies for point-of-care diagnostics,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_1.txt,allv2,2016_1.txt,"Long-term stability of chemical sensors is essential for prolonged collection of data for the forthcoming era of the internet of things (IoT). A highly electron-doped metal oxide contact (transparent layer) drastically improves the long-term stability of SnO2 nanowire sensor responses compared with conventional metal contact sensors, due to its chemical and thermal robustness. The fundamental concept of oxide contacts will provide a foundation for designing long-term stable oxide nanomaterial-based IoT sensors. Artwork created by Hao Zeng.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2017_1.txt,sbert,2017_1.txt,The cover is a visualization of advancing nucleic acid quantification technology based one-pot CRISPR and RPA reaction systems. The dynamic reaction balance between the two systems can be tuned to unlock quantification capacities of nucleic acid targets from various microbes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,This cover and Collection celebrate 10 years of ACS Sensors. View the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.png,C,"‘Evolutionary paths’, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_1.txt,multiBv1,23_1.txt,"‘Neuroconnectionism’, inspired by the Perspective on p431
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_6.txt,sbert,24_6.txt,"‘Converging pathways in Parkinson disease’, inspired by the Review on p393.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,"‘Supplying the synapse’, inspired by the Review on p4.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_12.txt,allv2,23_12.txt,train
Biophysical Journal,124_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Biophysical Journal/124_4.png,A,"Cover picture: This image shows a snapshot of our computational model of the nuclear pore complex
(NPC). The NPC is a large protein complex embedded in the nuclear membrane, and it
is responsible for all transport into and out of the nucleus. This is mediated by
numerous intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs; the filaments in the image). To
control transport, the NPC is highly selective: only very specific proteins and nucleic
acids are allowed to pass through by binding to specialized transporter proteins.
To shed light on this process, we developed a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model
that allowed us to study the transport of these proteins (blue spheres in the image) through the IDP meshwork. The image shows a cut-open view of the NPC
with IDPs (the different bead colors correspond to different amino acids) anchored
to the inner walls of the scaffold, with blue transport proteins transporting through
the NPC. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.11.3313.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/124_4.txt,groundtruth,124_4.txt,"Cover picture: In the cell nucleus, DNA (blue double helix) is compacted into chromatin by binding
to histone octamers (red cylinders). Periodic boundary conditions model the natural
density in coarse-grained computer simulations of chromatin. The image shows chromatin
with randomly spaced nucleosomes along the DNA. Zülske et al. demonstrate how the
degree of regularity of nucleosome spacing governs the accessibility of the chromatin
network for diffusive processes. Illustration by Tilo Zülske, Leif-Kristof Schultz,
and Frederic Bauer. Zülske et al. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2024.02.024.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/123_18.txt,ave_3,123_18.txt,"Cover picture: The nucleocytoplasmic transport is exclusively controlled via the nuclear pore complexes
(NPCs) that perforate and span the nuclear envelope. Despite the high throughput of
∼1000 translocations per NPC per s, the NPC strictly controls the passage of cargos,
putatively via its natively unfolded domains of phenylalanine-glycine repeats. The
mechanisms governing nucleocytoplasmic transport are not well understood, mainly due
to the highly dynamic nature and functional redundancy of phenylalanine-glycine-repeat
domains. These factors and the complex architecture of the NPC have made it too difficult
to investigate the transport mechanisms within the confined geometry of the tiny pore
in vivo. Moussavi-Baygi et al. have developed a coarse-grained biophysical model of
the NPC to shed light on the nature of nucleocytoplasmic transport through this supramolecular
complex. See the article by Moussavi-Baygi et al. on page 1410.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/100_7.txt,allv2,100_7.txt,"Cover picture: This cover features the mean density distribution of FG-nucleoporins inside the nuclear
pore complex. The nuclear pore complex, the nanochannel controlling molecular transport
across the nuclear envelope, contains intrinsically disordered proteins called FG-nucleoporins
in its transport channel. FG-nucleoporins change their overall conformation and their
associated free energy while a molecule is passing through the channel. The change
in free energy explains how the structural variation of FG-nucleoporins regulates
the selective transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Biophysical Journal/120_8.txt,ave_2,120_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.png,C,"The road travelled and challenges ahead in clinical oncology, inspired by the Viewpoint on p771.
Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,"COVER: Role of extrachromosomal DNA in cancer, inspired by the Perspective on p733.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/19_2.txt,ave_2,19_2.txt,"Understanding tumour mutational burden, inspired by the Review on p725.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"Understanding chromosomal instability in cancer, inspired by the Review on p645.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_1.png,A,"Small fragment molecules are vital for exploring receptor pharmacology and serve as building blocks for drug development. Advanced NMR techniques enable in situ identification of small-molecule ligands targeting receptors within native cell membranes, expanding drug discovery strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Biophysical and computational approaches were used to probe the interactions between RNA and small molecule compounds. The approaches are useful in validating hit compounds against the RNA and developing more potent RNA-targeted small molecules.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2023_2.txt,multiBv1,2023_2.txt,Small GTPases are highly interesting but extremely challenging targets in drug discovery. Cromm et al. report a proteolytically stable and cell permeable bicylic peptide targeting the small GTPase Rab8a. Art Designers: Tom N. Grossmann and Melanie Wilkesmann. The art designers thank Laura Dietrich for some valuable suggestions. Images of structures are derived from PDB entries 3cwz and 4djs.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2016_5.txt,sbert,2016_5.txt,"Measuring the cell penetration of biotherapeutics is challenging. New techniques are revealing precisely how much of a peptide or oligonucleotide drug penetrates to the cytosol or nucleus of target cells. Excitingly, these techniques are now being used to reveal differential penetration into different cell types, allowing drug developers to better understand how these drugs get into cells and what governs their cell-type selectivity. Cover art was generated with the assistance of Canva Magic Studio and Adobe Photoshop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_7.png,B,"The integration of a plasma technique with microfluidics to form “microfluidic plasma” has the potential to combine the advantages of both technologies, resulting in synergistic effects for nanomaterial synthesis (e.g., Ag–Au nanoalloys) and processing that cannot be achieved by using plasma or microfluidics alone.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_47.txt,allv2,2022_47.txt,"An overview of chemical reactions activated by plasma, including oxidation, reduction, copolymerization and polymerization, elimination, addition, isomerization, and rearrangement reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. R. Toth III et al., “Reaction Conversion for a Plasma-Based Steady-State Flow Process Is Independent of Reactor Volume” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05091); K. M. Gupta et al., “Efficient Removal of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution by an Ionic Covalent–Organic Framework: Molecular Simulation Study” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00625); and K. Szalata et al., “Novel Biohybrid Polysulfone Membranes with Physically Immobilized Gramicidin for Ion-Exchange Applications” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00661).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_33.txt,sbert,2018_33.txt,"The hydroisomerization of n-heptane on Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst takes place on Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, which synergistically convert the intermediate carbocations into branched C7-paraffins, thus contributing to the production of high-octane gasoline. Single-event kinetic modeling of the isomerization and cracking reactions has been used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.txt,ave_3,2024_48.txt,val
Science Translational Medicine,17_779,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_779.png,D,"ONLINE COVER  Cancer in the Spotlight. The cover image shows a patient receiving chemotherapy, one of the mainstays of cancer treatment over the past few decades. This week's issue of Science Translational Medicine, coinciding with the annual conference of the American Association for Cancer Research, features research articles on cancer genomics, immunotherapy, and other approaches that are advancing the targeted diagnosis and treatment of cancer, helping to personalize therapy and improve its effectiveness beyond that of standard chemotherapy. [CREDIT: AMELIE-BENOIST/BSIP/CORBIS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/7_283.txt,allv2,7_283.txt,"   

Untitled Document
ONLINE COVER Two of a Kind? Shown is a dual T cell receptor (TCR) T cell. Most T cells express TCRs of one specificity; however, a small subset of T cells expresses two different TCRs. These TCRs are composed of a shared β chain (blue) combined with one of two different α chains (red and orange).  Morris et al. now demonstrate that this relatively rare subset of T cells contributes disproportionately to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients. These cells may serve as markers for GVHD or may be targeted to decrease the risk of graft recipients developing GVHD. [CREDIT: C. BICKEL/SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/5_188.txt,sbert,5_188.txt,"ONLINE COVER Got Granzymes? This immunofluorescence image shows expression of granzyme (Gzm) K (purple), GzmB (yellow), CD3 (green), and nuclei (blue) in a synovial tissue sample from an individual with rheumatoid arthritis. Jonsson et al. characterized T cells isolated from synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, identifying a population of highly activated CD8 T cells that expressed both GzmK and GzmB and produced high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Similar populations of GzmK-expressing CD8 T cells were found in affected tissues from patients with other autoimmune diseases or from individuals with COVID-19, suggesting that GzmK-expressing CD8 T cells may represent a distinct subset of inflammatory cells. Credit: Jonsson et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/14_649.txt,multiBv1,14_649.txt,"ONLINE COVER Inflammation Identification. The cover image depicts different subtypes of T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represented by different cells with the tile colors representing either an inflammatory or conventional phenotype. Although some patients with T-lineage ALL respond well to standard chemotherapy, others either do not respond at all or relapse after an initial response. To better stratify patients and understand disease heterogeneity, Gower et al. performed multiomics analysis on T-lineage ALL patient samples. The authors identified an inflammatory subtype of T lineage-ALL that was associated with poorer outcomes and insensitivity to dexamethasone. However, this subtype exhibited unique sensitivity to the clinically-approved BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. The authors used this information to develop an inflammatory gene score that could be used to stratify patients and personalize treatments. Credit: SciStories",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Translational Medicine/17_779.txt,groundtruth,17_779.txt,train
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_5.png,B,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,This cover art showcases efforts to monitor CO2 emissions through the effective integration of multiple satellite measurements. It highlights an independent method for tracking progress in climate change mitigation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,We dedicate this cover to the global winners of Environmental Science & Technology's 2018 Reviewer Awards. See,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2018_4.txt,ave_3,2018_4.txt,"This study exploits lidar technology to track the planetary boundary layer, an atmospheric structure that is key to forecast air quality and estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using lidar, GHG sensors, and atmospheric transport models, our model-data framework accurately estimates carbon dioxide fluxes and detects transboundary air pollution in Boston.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2019_10.txt,ave_2,2019_10.txt,train
ACS Materials Au,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.png,D,"The cover features the use of layered silicate as a 2D hard template for synthesizing exfoliated, porous, and high-nitrogen-content graphitic carbon. The likely nitrogen configuration is identified to be graphitic, as pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen were less stable. The authors acknowledge the Scivisional illustration team for designing the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"Due to its unique properties, microneedles are a potential game-changer in advanced healthcare with a focus on drug delivery and diagnosis. Recently, the focus has been on developing new technologies for fabricating microneedles with improved performance. AI was used in the creation of the cover image.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,This front cover represents the idea that science should be inclusive. We created a collage in which a face is composed and enriched by incorporating features of various women's faces worldwide. This work is part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Au/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_93,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_93.png,D,"ONLINE COVER  Untethered Soft Robots Walk This Way. Pneumatic soft robots typically require bulky electromechanical components, such as pumps and valves, to achieve legged locomotion. To simplify the design of untethered quadruped robots,  Drotman et al. use fluidic circuits, rather than electronic circuits, to achieve programmable locomotion in their robot. Specifically, a bioinspired gait pattern is achieved using a soft ring oscillator that produces rhythmic motions analogous to biological central pattern generator neural circuits found in nature. This month's cover is a photograph of a Drotman et al. legged soft robot (see also the Focus by  Rajappan et al.) [CREDIT: DROTMAN ET ALMAC_Bench/Science ROBOTICS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_51.txt,ave_2,6_51.txt,"ONLINE COVER From the Tip Leveraging the flexibility that is possible when using soft materials, Hawkes et al. used pneumatics to extend the tip of a robot over an extended distance. They inflated chambers on only one side of the robot to make it turn. An onboard camera connected to a feedback loop allowed the robot to track toward a distant light source. [CREDIT: LINDA A. CICERO/STANFORD NEWS SERVICE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/2_8.txt,ave_3,2_8.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Wheel Advance. Transformable wheels based on membrane origami have the potential for large shape variation, high weight-to-payload ratio, and simple fabrication. However, existing membrane origami wheels have limited a load-bearing capacity. By introducing a wireframe design rule that accomodates thick membranes, Lee et al. have developed a high payload membrane origami wheel capable of bearing more than a 10-kN load. The load-bearing property of the wheel design was validated in a passenger vehicle field test. This month's cover is an illustration of a high load capacity origami transformable wheel. Credit: SOFT ROBOTICS RESEARCH CENTER, SNU",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_53.txt,allv2,6_53.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Variable-Stiffness Deformable Wheel. Wheels have a low cost of transport over flat ground but struggle to overcome large obstacles. Inspired by the surface tension of a water droplet, Lee et al. developed a morphing wheel that rolls over flat ground in the circular high-modulus state and deforms over obstacles in the low-modulus state. The modulus of the wheel is changed in real time by adjusting the tension in the spoke structure. This month’s cover depicts a two-wheeled mobile platform with variable-stiffness wheels in the low-modulus state rolling over an irregularly shaped rock outdoors. Credit: Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, photo by Sinabro Studio",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_93.txt,groundtruth,9_93.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_4.png,C,"On the cover: The cover shows a skeletal preparation from an E16.5 mouse embryo, stained
with alizarin red and alcian blue. Ossification centers appear red with prominent
grainy texture, while the cartilage appears green and blue. The image was processed
in Photoshop using the glowing edge filter. In this issue, Kahn et al. (pp. 734) identify
a biomechanical pathway by which muscle contraction maintains joint progenitors at
sites between bones; this β-catenin-dependent mechanism prevents inappropriate cartilage
differentiation and thus allows joint cavitation and morphogenesis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/16_2.txt,allv2,16_2.txt,"On the cover: Confocal image of Drosophila larval muscle fibers (3rd instar; actin labeled in red; nuclear envelopes in cyan). Muscle cell size correlates
with the number, size, and DNA content of nuclei within the cell. To learn more about
the heterogeneity and the coordination of nuclei in individual muscle fibers, see
Windner et al., pp. 48–62.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/49_6.txt,multiBv1,49_6.txt,"On the cover: “Virtue Lies in Balance.” The image illustrates the origin of muscle
formation, starting with the muscle stem cell (in blue) and culminating in muscle
fibers (in pink), separated by a curve that embodies the precise balance governing
this transition. In the accompanying study, the authors show that perturbing this
metabolic balance during muscle stem cell differentiation leads to disproportionate
muscle development. To delve into the role of glutamine metabolism in muscle stem
cell fate, see Soro and Fitzgerald et al. Image credit: Maria de la Fuente Soro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_4.txt,groundtruth,59_4.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a cross section of a day 16.5 mouse embryo in the dorsal
anterior region (forelimb level) where brown adipose tissue develops. Adipogenic cells
are marked by PPARg (magenta) expression and surrounded by connective tissue expressing
DPP4 (green), while nuclei are indicated in blue. At this stage, brown adipose tissue
starts to become mature and form a lobular structure. In this issue, Jun et al., propose the lineage hierarchy of brown adipocytes and describe GATA6 as a critical
transcriptional regulator of brown preadipocyte development. To learn more about how
embryonic brown adipose tissue develops, see Jun et al. Image credit: Josephine Tan
and Lan Cheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_4.txt,sbert,58_4.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_1.png,B,"On the Cover: The cover image illustrates EGFP (green) and GNAT2-positive (red-stained) adult cone
photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer of a healthy mouse retina after transplantation
of EGFP-cone precursors. Blue DAPI staining represents nuclei. This study reveals
that the EGFP expression detected in host cones is occasionally due to new integrated
cells, but is mostly mediated by cellular material fusion. See the article by Decembrini
et al. (pages 634–653).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/25_12.txt,allv2,25_12.txt,"On the cover: Damodar et al. demonstrated that RLBP1 encodes two CRALBP isoforms that are differentially expressed in human and murine
retinal tissues: two isoforms in retinal pigment epithelium and one isoform in Müller
glial cells. The image shows 3D isosurface rendering (Imaris) of a 250-day-old retinal
organoid labeled for CRALBP (multicolor object ID) in Müller glial cells. The Müller
cells span the outer nuclear layer (in blue), with their end feet forming the outer
limiting membrane that surrounds the organoid. Image credit: Hassan Boukhaddaoui and
Nejla Erkilic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: The image displays precise labeling of opsin (magenta) in both the inner and outer
segments of murine retinal photoreceptors, with the inner and outer nuclear layers
labeled with DAPI (blue) from a new article by Riaz et al. Image credit: Sehar Riaz",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_1.txt,ave_2,31_1.txt,"On the Cover: The cover represents sections of a mouse retina following injection with three independent
AAV vectors, each encoding for a different fluorescent reporter (EGFP, DsRed, and
EBFP2). Some photoreceptor cells within the retina are transduced by the three vectors.
In this issue, Maddalena et al. (pp. 524–541) use the simultaneous delivery of three
independent AAV vectors (triple AAV) to reconstruct large genes in the retina that
would not otherwise fit in a single AAV vector. This approach can be used for gene
therapy of blinding conditions that require transfer of large genes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_13.txt,ave_3,26_13.txt,train
Nature Food,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_7.png,C,"Brazil’s grain boom
Production of soybean and corn in Brazil has increased four-fold since 1980 and the country is now the world’s largest and second largest exporter of each, respectively. The grain boom has been driven by cropland expansion and double cropping. Municipality-level data shows that cropland expansion has been the predominant strategy in frontier regions, such as the Centre-West and Matopiba, and has received attention as Brazil’s agricultural system evolves. However, double cropping, which predominates in conventional agricultural regions such as the south, has offset the equivalent of 76.7 Mha of arable land for grain production from 2003 to 2016, and has had increased impacts over land expansion. The experience of Brazil in double cropping may be valuable for pan-tropical countries producing grain for global trade.
See Xu et al.
Image: Alfredo Francisco Nunes Ribeiro / EyeEm / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_9.txt,multiBv1,2_9.txt,"Top-down and bottom-up data for yield gap
Top-down approaches of assessing food security and land-use change use crop models and gridded spatial frameworks to organize data on climate, soil and cropping systems. Bottom-up approaches use data on weather, soil and cropping systems measured at sites explicitly chosen as representative for upscaling estimates for the crop production area. Comparing top-down approaches, the Global Agro-ecological Zones (GAEZ) model and the median of the model ensemble of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) with the bottom-up approach of the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA), estimates of production were shown to reconcile poorly, providing different prognoses regarding cereal self-sufficiency. Incorporating bottom-up into top-down approaches could reduce uncertainty.
SeeEdreira et al.
Image: artur carvalho / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,"Greenhouse cultivation boom
Greenhouse cultivation has been expanding rapidly in recent years. Commercial nanosatellite imagery and artificial intelligence techniques reveal 1.3 million hectares of greenhouse infrastructures in 2019 — a much larger number than previously estimated. This includes large-scale (61%) and small-scale (39%) greenhouse infrastructures. A close examination of the temporal development of the 65 largest greenhouse clusters (>1,500 ha) suggests an upsurge in greenhouse cultivation in the Global South since the 2000s, including a dramatic increase in China (which accounts for 60% of the global greenhouse coverage). Major greenhouse clusters in the Global North were predominantly established in the 1970s and 1980s, while clusters in the Global South emerged around the 1990s and 2000s — but have grown more rapidly since.
See Tong et al.
Image: Justin Paget/DigitalVision/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Pollution and perennials
California supplies two-thirds of the USA’s fruits and nuts; 80% of the world’s almonds are grown in the Golden State. Historical and future yield losses of valuable perennial crops due to tropospheric ozone and rising temperatures are modelled by Hong and colleagues — and indicate that clean air policies in the region have had, and can continue to have, a positive impact on yields of many of California’s most valuable perennial crops.
See Hong et al.
Image: Deborah Lee Rossiter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_10.txt,ave_2,1_10.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_5.png,A,"Artificial intelligence in liver cancer, inspired by the Perspective on p585.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,"Gene therapy for liver diseases, inspired by the Review on p288.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_8.txt,multiBv1,20_8.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,ave_3,18_6.txt,"Pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.txt,allv2,21_12.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_7.png,D,"Technological water fixes
During the recent drought in California, shade plastic balls, pictured, were released in the Los Angeles reservoir to reduce evaporation. By using the water footprint indicator that covers the entire supply chain of the shade balls, Haghighi et al. assess the extent to which using them is sustainable.
See Haghighi et al.
Image: ZUMA Press, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,"Food and energy co-production
Scaling up use of renewable energy technologies can be limited by alternative land uses. Agrawal and colleagues propose the idea of ‘aglectric’ farming, pictured, and show with modelling how agricultural land can be shared sustainably for food and energy co-production.
See Miskin et al.
Image: Rakesh Agrawal. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"Highly efficient solar-based water sanitation
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has potential for sustainable water sanitation, but controlling interfacial evaporators for solar tracking to ensure efficiency remains a challenge. Guo and colleagues create a black and super-wicking grooved surface that harnesses the sunlight and purifies water at an ultra-high level of efficiency.
See Singh et al.
Image: H. Cao, University of Rochester. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"A smart film for plant growth
Plants are vulnerable to heat and drought stress. Bin Zhu and colleagues present a film design that can manage sunlight to enable reduced temperature, minimized water loss and increased photosynthesis.
See Li et al.
Image and design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_16.png,B,"Modulation of the electrode interface microenvironment directly impacts the performance of CO2 reduction. A stable surface hydroxylation environment was successfully created by capping gluconic acid, as a freshly oxidized product of glucose, on a newly formed Cu2O catalyst surface to enhance *CO adsorption and thus the formation of C2+ products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,The debut of cyclic alkyl amino carbene on the gold nanoparticle surface leads to the selective reduction of CO2 to CO.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,"CO2 is catalytically hydrogenated to methanol at the active interface sites between the highly dispersed gallium clusters and the In2O3 support, while Ga2O3 nanoparticles inhibit the adsorption and dissociation of H2, resulting in increased CO by-product.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"The interfacial dual-active site created between gold, titanium, and an oxygen vacancy (AuΔ−−Ov−Ti3+) gives a predominant contribution to the enhanced catalytic behavior of the low-temperature water gas shift reaction. Electron-enriched Au Δ− species provide an active center for CO chemisorption, while Ov−Ti3+ accelerates the dissociation of the H2O molecule.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2019_9.txt,ave_3,2019_9.txt,train
BDJ Student,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/31_3.png,A,"Vol 31 | Issue 1
In this January edition of BDJ Student, our lead article asks - and answers - how to be an ally
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 3
How can we integrate oral health with global health? The cover feature in this edition's BDJ Student asks - and answers - that very question
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_1.txt,sbert,28_1.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 3
As the new semester gets underway, BDJ Student leads on a question many of you have been asking: what does artificial intelligence mean to me as a student?
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_1.txt,multiBv1,31_1.txt,"Vol 30 | Issue 3
BDJ Student is just one cog in the BDJ portfolio, but how much do you know about the other journals?

Our lead feature in this issue explores some of the great content produced across the six journals and introduces you to the titles
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_1.txt,allv2,30_1.txt,val
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/32_1.png,C,"A brake for the chromatin looping cycle
Two studies on 3D genome organization find that cohesin acetylation puts a brake on chromatin loop extrusion through recruitment of PDS5.
See Bastié, Chapard et al.and van Ruiten et al.
Image: Marjon van Ruiten, the Netherlands Cancer Institute. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/29_7.txt,allv2,29_7.txt,"Looping in human neurofibromin structures
Cryo-EM reveals that the autoinhibited neurofibromin dimer forms a large loop-shaped scaffold, which provides a molecular explanation for the extreme sensitivity of the NF1 gene to loss-of-function mutations in disease.
See Article by Lupton, Bayly-Jones, D'Andrea et al.
Image: scott sady/tahoelight.com / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_1.txt,multiBv1,28_1.txt,"A chromatin loop in plant immunity
Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, Mencia, Arce et al. show that, in Arabidopsis, an inverted-repeat transposon next to the gene that encodes the pathogen receptor EFR forms a rollercoaster-like loop to control chromatin organization, EFR expression and the plant immune response.EFR expression and the plant immune response.
See Mencia, Arce et al.
Image credit: Yangang Li / TAO Images Limited / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"Structural and functional analyses of budding yeast Rif1 reveal a hooked N-terminal DNA-binding domain required for telomere maintenance and checkpoint control. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, image from Mgovantes / iStock / Getty Images Plus. (p 588)",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/24_6.txt,sbert,24_6.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_10.png,C,"Due to the increased awareness of the environmental and health issues
arising from the excessive use of synthetic colorants, there has been a growing demand
for natural colorants. Systems metabolic engineering of microorganisms has enabled
the production of natural colorants in a greener and sustainable manner. On pages
608–626, Lee and colleagues review recent metabolic engineering tools and strategies
applied for the microbial production of natural colorants and their derivatives. Image
credit: Cindy Pricilia Surya Prabowo, Hyunmin Eun, and Sang Yup Lee (Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_6.txt,ave_3,4_6.txt,"Biorefinery has gained prominence for its capacity to produce various industrially
important chemicals from renewable resources. With the growing concern of climate
change, technologies that can establish the foundation for a transition towards a
carbon-neutral chemical industry are attracting considerable attention. In this review,
Professor Sang-Yup Lee and co-authors discuss the current advances being made in the
bio-based production of polyamide monomers. This approach, when coupled with biodegradation
and recycling, suggests the possibility of establishing a complete green bio-based
polyamide industry. Image Credit: Dr. Jong An Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Dr. Jung Ho Ahn, Yeah-Ji
Ahn, and Prof. Sang Yup Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"Utilizing a biphasic solvent system in biorefining enables the efficient
conversion and separation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this month’s
systematic review article from Ragauskas, Wang and colleagues, the production
process of furans via classical biphasic systems is discussed, and an innovative design
of non-classical, sustainable biphasic systems for industrial applications is proposed.
The approach aims to reduce the overall complexity of the purification process, and
improve the production of furan-compounds and liquid fuels. Image credit: Dr. Kui
Wang",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_10.txt,groundtruth,6_10.txt,"Solvent-driven aqueous separations can extract water and minerals from high salinity
or contaminated brines, simultaneously reducing the environmental impact of brine
disposal and enabling resource recovery. The cover image features an example of a
multiphase condition that can be achieved with the interrelated processes of solvent-driven
water extraction and solvent-driven fractional crystallization. The application of
liquid organic (dimethyl ether/yellow phase) can extract water from an aqueous brine
(blue phase) into the organic phase. Removing water from the aqueous increases the
solute concentration moving it towards saturation (solvent-driven water extraction).
Simultaneous the solvent can enter the aqueous phase reducing the saturation concentration
of the solute (solvent-driven fractional crystallization). Alone or in combination
these processes can induce the precipitation of solutes as solids (sodium chloride
crystals/which outline). On pages 1078–1093 of this issue, Wilson, Lienhard, and colleagues
explore the opportunities presented by solvent-based aqueous separations from the
molecular to process scale, evaluating the chemistry of solvation and system design
in the broader context of desalination, resource recovery, water softening, and mineral
production. Image credit: Aaron Wilson (Idaho National Laboratory) and Akshay Deshmukh
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_1.txt,multiBv1,4_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.png,D,"The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity, inspired by the Review on p82.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_11.txt,sbert,19_11.txt,"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.txt,allv2,20_8.txt,"The role of adipokines in programming metabolism, inspired by the Review on p385.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_6.txt,multiBv1,19_6.txt,"The challenges of assessing adiposity, inspired by the Perspective on p615.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_12.png,A,"The front cover depicts original artwork by Carolyn Straub entitled “Reaching Out & Moving Forward"". The artwork represents the author's commitment to supporting her peers through the challenging journey of addiction recovery. The cover and accompanying Editorial are part of ACS Publications' Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"The painting conveys an anti-depression theme using a small chemical molecule, S-3a, derived from the modification of the natural product scopolamine. Dark clouds symbolize depression, while S-3a pierces through them like an arrow, allowing the sun to shine on the Earth, symbolizing the treatment of depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.txt,allv2,2024_18.txt,"This cover art features a striking depiction of mitochondria emerging from a scientific paper adorned with illustrations of F0-ATPase and drugs. Scientists delve into groundbreaking research, seeking a cure for ischemia",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_24.txt,multiBv1,2024_24.txt,Editor-in-Chief Craig Lindsley describes his vision for the journal in his Editorial “2021: A New Year and New Directions for the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry”. Image credit: Shutterstock.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2021_24.txt,ave_3,2021_24.txt,train
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.png,A,"1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione derivative HD2 is a highly potent and selective DCN1 inhibitor with favorable PK properties and low toxicity. Additionally, HD2 effectively relieved Ang II/TGFβ-induced cardiac fibroblast activation in vitro and reduced ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis as well as remodeling in vivo",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"The novel clinical FLAP inhibitor AZD5718 inhibiting FLAP in coronary artery for treatment of coronary artery disease. (Pettersen, D.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02004) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2019_16.txt,allv2,2019_16.txt,"Structure-based design of highly selective discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitors exhibiting promising oral therapeutic effect in a bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model (Wang, Z.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00140) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2016_13.txt,sbert,2016_13.txt,"A novel aryl-piperazine derivative II-13 (MT-1207) is a potent α1 and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist that can achieve effective blood pressure reduction without damaging renal function and avoidance of the postural hypotension side effect. Currently, compound II-13, as a novel multitarget antihypertensive agent, is in phase II clinical trials in China. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_12.png,C,"‘Breaking the blockade’ inspired by the Review on p133
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,"Origins, inspired by the Review on p710.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,"Chemotactic sirens, inspired by the Review on p28.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_12.txt,groundtruth,24_12.txt,"There’s something fishy here, inspired by the Review on p263.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/20_8.txt,sbert,20_8.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.png,B,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.txt,ave_3,33_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a Chinese ink wash painting depicting bees collecting pollens
from plum blossoms, which symbolize wisdom in Chinese traditional culture. In this
issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhong et al. reveal that honeybee gut microbiota influence reward learning by mediating the metabolism
of pollen fatty acids. Bacteria facilitates the conversion of linoleic acid to anandamide,
which activates TRPA receptors in astrocytes. This triggers the endocannabinoid system
and regulates glutamate/GABA balance in bee brain, ultimately enhancing honeybee reward
learning and memory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.txt,groundtruth,32_2.txt,"On the cover: The mechanisms by which numerous diversified small molecules from intestinal
microbiome affect mammalian physiology, including aging, remain mostly unknown. In
this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Teng et al. (944–960) demonstrate that gut bacterial isoamylamine (IAA) binds to
the promoter region of host S100A8 and subsequently increases its gene expression
in brain microglia via promoting p53 access to the S100A8 promoter. This subsequently
leads to microglia death and memory loss in aged mice. The cover illustrates overproduction
of bacterial (cyan) metabolites due to a decrease of beneficial bacteriophage (magenta)
affecting brain function through microglia activation (blue). Artwork by Yun Teng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_6.txt,allv2,30_6.txt,"On the cover: While the central role of the diet-gut microbiota axis in health outcomes
is known, the molecular basis and impact of this interaction is poorly understood.
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Teng et al. (pp. 637–652) reveal that plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs,
yellow) are preferentially taken up by gut bacteria (blue) in an ELN lipid-dependent
manner. ELNs contain microRNAs that regulate gut microbiota composition and localization
as well as host physiology, with the potential to enhance gut barrier function to
alleviate colitis. Picture courtesy of Dr. Huang-Ge Zhang's laboratory team.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/24_2.txt,ave_2,24_2.txt,val
Structure,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_9.png,C,"On the cover: Whether soluble and membrane proteins have similar mechanical unfolding
pathways has been an open question. Hensen and Müller (pp. 1317–1324) simulated experiments
in which the two β-barrel proteins, GFP (soluble) and OmpG (membrane), were mechanically
unfolded. The authors found that soluble protein, GFP, uses free rotation in the solution
to explore alternative unfolding pathways and search for lower unfolding energy barriers.
The lipid membrane restricts this rotation and forces OmpG to cross high unfolding
energy barriers. Interestingly, when membrane embedded, GFP changes the unfolding
pathway to mimic OmpG. The cover illustrates OmpG, shown in red, surrounded by the
membrane.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/21_5.txt,ave_2,21_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, we continue the discussion about membrane protein structure
and function through three more contributions to the special review collection “Structure
Meets the Membrane.” The perspective by Coskun and Simons (pp. 1543–1548) discusses
the role of lipids and lipid/protein interactions in membrane biology. Next, the review
by Mchaourab and colleagues (pp. 1549–1561) summarizes the most recent insights into
membrane protein gleaned through the use of EPR spectroscopy. Finally, Stansfeld and
Sansom (pp. 1562–1572) provide an analysis of computational methods used to study
membrane proteins. The cover illustrates the complexity of membrane biology and the
study of structure in this context. We hope that the reviews in “Structure Meets the
Membrane” will provide a guide to navigate through the perceived labyrinth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/19_2.txt,sbert,19_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover figure, from Bartoš et al., shows the insertase protein MTCH2 scrambling lipids in the membrane. While the primary
function of insertases is the insertion of proteins into membranes, MTCH2 stands out
by also scrambling lipids thanks to its hydrophilic pathway that locally disrupts
the membrane. Thus, certain insertases and scramblases may share a common mechanism
of function. Image courtesy of Lukáš Sukeník.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,"On the cover: The illustration depicts the beginning of the mechanical unfolding of
the beta-barrel assembly factor BamA by the tip of an atomic force microscope. The
membrane protein BamA is embedded into a lipid membrane and has bound the antibiotic
darobactin, which is colored green. Image courtesy of the authors (Ritzmann et al.,
350–359).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/30_10.txt,allv2,30_10.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_3.png,B,"Protein structure prediction
Artistic rendering of a system for protein structure prediction. Chowdhury et al. present a deep learning method to predict a protein’s structure from its sequence alone, with applications to orphan and de novo–designed proteins.
See Chowdhury et al.
Image: Alina Kurokhtina. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/40_2.txt,sbert,40_2.txt,"Sparse, reliable biomarker discovery
Identifying a sparse, reliable set of biomarkers from large multi-omics datasets: Hédou et al. present a machine learning framework that selects the most reliable biomarkers from large multi-omics datasets. By injecting artificial noise (gray dots) into a dataset containing thousands of omics features (pink dots), Stabl calculates reliable predictive biomarkers (circled dots).
See Hédou et al.
Image: Clara Leibenguth. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_3.txt,groundtruth,42_3.txt,"Artist's impression of an integrated blood barcode chip for rapid, multiplexed detection of biomarkers. Fan et al. separate plasma from whole blood in a microfluidic device that captures proteins of interest using antibodies immobilized by DEAL technology and detects them using fluorophore-labeled antibodies (p 1373). Credit: Ken Eward ©BioGrafx.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/26_1.txt,multiBv1,26_1.txt,"Modeling genetic perturbation outcomes
Predicting the outcome of genetic perturbations: Roohani et al. present GEARS, a computational method that integrates deep learning with a knowledge graph of gene–gene relationships to simulate the effects of genetic perturbations.
See Roohani et al.
Image: Yusuf Roohani, Jure Leskovec and SayoStudio. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_7.txt,allv2,42_7.txt,train
Lab Animal,53_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/53_12.png,C,"Mapping the brain
In neuroscience, there are many efforts underway to map the brain. Some of the technologies are high-tech and emerging, while others are older classics. There are indeed many ways possible approaches, and many animals to map. From invertebrates with a few hundred neurons to mice with tens of millions, complexity varies. Some projects are looking at small scales; others, larger networks. But maps—and catalogues, atlases, and databases—are growing, providing researchers with new and ever-larger resources to guide them as they seek to better understand the brain and how it functions in health and disease.
See Neff
Image: Map: tyndyra/ E+/ Getty. Neurons: Rostislav Zatonskiy / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_1.txt,ave_2,48_1.txt,"Reporting metadata in animal research
Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction.
See Moresis et al.
Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_10.txt,ave_3,53_10.txt,"The PREMISE database of Macaca Fascicularis PET/MRI brain imaging
Nonhuman primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing and extremely promising area of neuroscience research that suffers from a lack of data. Neuroimaging database sharing can accelerate research in this field, while limiting the number of animals used. A new Article presents The PREMISE database, a PET/MR dataset of Macaca Fascicularis brain images structured according to BIDS standards and available for researchers.
See Becker et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/53_12.txt,groundtruth,53_12.txt,"Bringing MRI datasets together
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that can help bridge neuroscience research in nonhuman primates with the humans they are intended to model. But, studies with such animals tend to involve small numbers of subjects, and the task of adapting human equipment and tools to nonhuman primates means labs are often coming up with their own solutions to collecting and analyzing MRI data. Data sharing may help researchers make the most of those animals. With discussions about standards and tool building ongoing, a growing number of labs in the nonhuman primate research community are working to bring their MRI datasets together.
See Neff
Image: Katja Heuer & Roberto Toro. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_7.txt,allv2,49_7.txt,val
Cancer Cell,43_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/43_2.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Lu et al. (pages 21–35) report that vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) directly and negatively regulates glioblastoma tumor cell invasion
by suppressing HGF-dependent MET phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. The cover
image depicts the opposing “yin and yang” nature of VEGF signaling. On one hand, murine
glioblastomas that overexpress VEGF are highly proliferative and angiogenic but with
well-defined, circumscribed borders (left side). At the opposite extreme, murine glioblastomas
deficient of VEGF are nonangiogenic, slower growing, but highly invasive (right side).
Tumor cells are red, blood vessels are green, and nuclei are blue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/22_6.txt,ave_3,22_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_2.txt,groundtruth,43_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates how glioblastoma (GBM) aligns its growth with
the brain's daily rhythms. Inspired by artist Sophie Taeuber-Arp and designed by Dr.
Olivia Walch, this visual highlights the daytime tumor growth driven by the circadian
surge in glucocorticoids (green dots). Gonzalez-Aponte et al. discover that blocking circadian regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling
slows GBM proliferation in both mouse and human GBM models. Targeting circadian mechanisms
to combat GBM holds great promise and has significant implications for understanding
how the circadian system may influence cancer progression, both within the brain and
beyond.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/43_1.txt,allv2,43_1.txt,"On the cover: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are notoriously heterogeneous, contributing to
their aggressive phenotype. In this issue, LeBlanc et al. use single-cell genomic
approaches to show that novel explant models of GBM largely retain the genetic and
transcriptional heterogeneity of their parent tumors. Their findings highlight how
detailed molecular characterization of model systems is a necessary first step to
their informed use. The artwork depicts cellular heterogeneity as a kaleidoscope generated
from immunofluorescence staining of the glial and neuronal markers MBP and NeuN (respectively)
in a GBM patient-derived explant.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_9.txt,ave_2,40_9.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_13.png,B,"An artistic interpretation of the charge pushback induced by water at the aqueous Pt(111) interface. This rearrangement of charge density is responsible for most of the work function change produced by adsorbed water for metallic surfaces. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 2703–2715.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_8.txt,sbert,2020_8.txt,"Inspired by the movie Interstellar, we illustrate the spatially resolved adsorption loading surface of carbon dioxide in a porous material as the projection of a five-dimensional space (x, y, z, T, p) with infinite cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,"Carbon monoxide is a serious life threat by binding to hemoglobin and making people suffer from hypoxia. Jiang et.al. construct the classical force field parameters for simulating the coordination interactions among hemoglobin, CO, and O2 as well as reveal the binding strength between hemoglobin and CO in different O2 environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_15.txt,allv2,2024_15.txt,The picture is an artistic representation of an artificial deep neural network used to evaluate the global and local model quality of an ensemble of predicted protein structure models.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2018_2.txt,multiBv1,2018_2.txt,val
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.png,B,"Inspired by the Review on p682.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p9.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/21_1.txt,ave_3,21_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p241.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_9.txt,multiBv1,20_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_11.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p553.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_4.txt,sbert,22_4.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p415.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/22_6.txt,multiBv1,22_6.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p83.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,val
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_12.png,A,"Multi-immersion mirror objectives
Neurons in the mouse hippocampus imaged with the Schmidt objective. Voigt et al. develop a multi-immersion objective based on a mirror instead of a lens.
See Voigt et al.
Image: Anna Maria Reuss and Fabian Voigt. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"Mouse hippocampal neurons expressing membrane-anchored fluorescent proteins. Tillberg et al. (p 987) and Ku et al. (p 973) improve expansion microscopy approaches to enable super-resolution image quality with off-the-shelf reagents. Image credit: Fei Chen, Dawen Cai &amp; Edward Boyden",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_4.txt,multiBv1,34_4.txt,"Artist's impression of a patch clamp pipette probing the interior of a single neuron in brain tissue. In this issue Cadwell et al. (p 199) and Fuzik et al. (p 175) present methods for the combined electrophysiological, transcriptomic and morphologic profiling of single cells in situ. Credit: Sputnik Animation, Ed Boyden and the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/34_11.txt,ave_3,34_11.txt,"Focus on neurotechnologies
Advances in neurotechnologies are providing new opportunities for understanding brain function as well as developing and applying new therapeutic strategies for brain disease. The image is a solar plate etching from an MRI of the artist’s brain (coronal view of the neocortex).
See In this issue
Image: Elizabeth Jameson. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/37_4.txt,allv2,37_4.txt,val
CELL RESEARCH,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.png,C,"The image shows a Chinese idiom of “flying together”, wherein one bird represents “Cultured Embryo” and the other bird represents “E-assembloid”, and they carry the keys to together open the black box of human peri-implantation development. See page 661–678 by Zongyong Ai et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_4.txt,multiBv1,33_4.txt,"The image describes a Chinese fairy tale, the “Magpie Bridge Meeting”. On the night of the lunar Double-Seventh Festival, magpies form a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite two separated lovers: The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Ddx3xb phase separation (Magpie bridge) promoted the degradation of maternal RNA (overcoming the obstruction of the Milky Way) and the activation of zygotic genes (the silk spun by the Cowherd and Weaver Girl after reunion).See page 715–728 by Boyang Shi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/32_5.txt,ave_3,32_5.txt,"The Chinese legend “The Butterfly Lovers”, also known as “Liang Zhu”, depicts two lovers transformed to butterflies. The butterflies symbolize the gray matter of the human spinal cord with well-organized cells in the dorsal and ventral horns. This imagery beautifully conveys the idea of transformation from embryonic to adult spinal cord. See page 193–213 by Yingchao Shi et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"This cover portrays a flowing river, symbolizing the aging of a mother, surrounded by jujube and lotus plants. The seeds of these plants, standing as symbols of having many children, are traditionally given as gifts to newlyweds in Chinese culture to bestow blessings of fertility. Within the river, there are mitochondria undergoing shifts from tubular to donut-shaped structures as the mother ages. These mitochondria, inherited by the offspring, have enduring impacts on their trait formations. See page 821–834 by Runshuai Zhang et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_2.txt,allv2,33_2.txt,val
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.png,A,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,ave_3,2024_12.txt,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,sbert,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_12.png,B,"Unveiling the innovative electrospray fusion of monomers and exfoliated Montmorillonite nanoclay fillers, we present the creation of an ultrathin, chlorine-resistant polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membrane. This meticulously controlled thickness and morphology serves as a conduit for an impressive enhancement of desalination performance. Its potential is vast, poised to transform water treatment applications, painting a promising picture for the future of sustainable water resources. Art by the team of Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_1.txt,multiBv1,2023_1.txt,"The adsorbent materials act as guardians, adeptly capturing and containing the released iodine. The porous structure serves as a trap, preventing iodine from spreading further and mitigating its impact on the environment and human health. This symbiotic relationship between industry and technology showcases a promising avenue for sustainable and responsible management of hazardous substances.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,"Organic materials typically feature low thermal conductivity and can be engineered into ordered patterns. In this work, hydrogen bonds were used to drive nucleation of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2019_7.txt,allv2,2019_7.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,val
ACS Omega,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_2.png,D,"β-PtO2 can effectively activate methane; CH3 generated is strongly bound to the surface, making it difficult for subsequent reactions to occur. Doping β-PtO2 with nitrogen weakens the binding, allowing the subsequent reaction to proceed. Using this feature, a catalytic cycle for the synthesis of methanol from methane is theoretically proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2021_31.txt,ave_2,2021_31.txt,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"Using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven bio-catalysis platforms for chemical synthesis: Photosynthesis is a powerful enzymatic redox process and has been identified as a source of ATP and NADPH, the only reducing agents used in the whole-cell catalysis system.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_7.txt,ave_3,2023_7.txt,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.png,B,"The road less travelled, inspired by the Roadmap on p578.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_5.txt,allv2,24_5.txt,"Persistence through adversity, inspired by the Roadmap on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_3.txt,groundtruth,24_3.txt,"A personal journey, inspired by the Perspective on p335.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_8.txt,ave_2,23_8.txt,"‘Breaking the blockade’ inspired by the Review on p133
Cover Design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/19_10.txt,ave_3,19_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.png,C,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"The indoor microbiome, inspired by the Review on p742.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"‘Microbial cities’, inspired by the Review on p661 .
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/16_2.txt,ave_3,16_2.txt,val
Environmental Science & Technology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.png,D,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Estrone (E1) is commonly associated with human and livestock wastes, but has received far less attention than the more potent 17β-estradiol (E2) relative to feminization of fish. In this study, it was found that male fathead minnows exposed to environmentally-relevant levels of E1 readily convert the steroid to E2, to a degree sufficient to feminize the fish.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2017_15.txt,ave_3,2017_15.txt,We,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2021_15.txt,ave_2,2021_15.txt,NO3RR,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environmental Science & Technology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,test
Nature Nanotechnology,19_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_9.png,C,"A conformable mesh for the treatment of glioblastoma
A biodegradable implant — the μMESH, comprising an ordered array of micrometric polymeric strands deposited over a water-soluble microlayer — represents a powerful device to deploy complex combination therapies for the eradication of brain cancer and other malignancies. The compartmentalized μMESH can be efficiently loaded with small molecules, biologicals and nanomedicines. In the treatment of glioblastoma, the μMESH conforms to the surface of the resected cavity, establishes a localized high-concentration drug depot, and deploys deep into the malignant tissue a variety of therapeutic agents that would not spontaneously cross the blood/brain barrier. The μMESH micrometric architecture and mechanical flexibility facilitate its fine entanglement with the malignant mass, and dictate tumour eradication. The cover presents a μMESH in the act of wrapping around a glioblastoma tumour spheroid, demonstrating the ability to establish intimate interactions with the malignant tissue. The image was acquired by confocal microscopy with a 10× objective and results from the maximum intensity projection of multiple z-sections over a 200-μm-thick sample. In the tumour spheroid, U87-MG cells appear green (GFP+ cells) with blue nuclei (DAPI staining). The μMESH is loaded with Rhodamine B molecules returning polymeric strands with a red colouration.
Decuzzi, Article
IMAGE: Image courtesy of Daniele Di Mascolo. DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/16_6.txt,allv2,16_6.txt,"Machine learning for enhancing nanomedicine permeability
The cover shows a confocal fluorescence microscopy image of a tumour tissue section in the presence of genetically recombinant human ferritin nanocages. Ferritin nanocage particles permeate the tissue through the tumour vasculatures, here visible at individual blood vessels level.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Mingsheng Zhu, Nankai University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/18_7.txt,ave_1,18_7.txt,"Nanobots for radionuclide bladder cancer therapy
The cover image shows a three-dimensional reconstruction of a mouse bladder affected by a prominent tumour, with urease-powered nanobots targeting the tumour.
See Simó et al.
Image: Julien Colombelli, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_9.txt,groundtruth,19_9.txt,"Nanomaterials for immunomodulation
Nanomaterials offer unique opportunities to modulate and enhance the functions of the body’s immune system, interacting with different immune cells to achieve specific effects. For example, they can be used in nanovaccine formulations that deliver antigens and adjuvants to the lymph nodes to stimulate the immune response against pathogens, that is, for B cell activation. On the other hand, they can also be used to suppress the immune reaction against transplanted organs and to curb the inflammatory response against self-antigens in autoimmune diseases, by reprogramming dendritic cells to a tolerogenic phenotype. Moreover, by interacting with different subtypes of T cells, in vivo and ex vivo, nanomaterials present many opportunities to advance nanomedicine in the area of cancer immunotherapy, especially if the multiple environmental and host-related factors that may alter immune responses are taken into consideration to design preclinical experiments suited for clinical translation. On the cover, an artistic impression represents nanomaterials interacting with various immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells to boost their antitumour responses.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio). Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/16_12.txt,multiBv1,16_12.txt,val
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_10.png,D,"Nature Immunology was launched 10 years ago this month. To commemorate our 10th anniversary, we asked several prominent scientists to imagine what the next decade of research might bring in particular areas of immunology (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/tenthbirthday/index.html). Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/11_6.txt,ave_2,11_6.txt,"Focus on Women in Immunology
March is Women’s History Month. This month’s issue celebrates the contributions of women in immunology by presenting specially commissioned content, including World Views, from women across the globe.
See https://www.nature.com/collections/women-in-immunology
Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/21_10.txt,allv2,21_10.txt,"Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/6_6.txt,ave_3,6_6.txt,"Women in Neuroimmunology
March is Women’s History Month. This month’s issue celebrates the contributions of female neuroimmunologists.
For more information, see the Women in Immunology Collection
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo & Kiyoshi Takahase Segundo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_10.txt,groundtruth,25_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_1.png,A,"This cover art illustrates the chemical structures of A-series Novichok nerve agents (A-230, A-232, and A-234) overlaid on a flask with a skull, symbolizing their lethal design as chemical weapons. The image features a hazmat-suited figure, evoking the protective gear used during the 2018 Novichok poisoning investigation in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. A neuron in the background highlights the nerve agents' primary biological target.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,A stylized portrait of Steve Hecht overlaying some of his landmark toxicological publications on tobacco.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,Detection of Nerve Agent Adducts to Acetylcholinesterase. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2017_3.txt,allv2,2017_3.txt,train
Nature Astronomy,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Astronomy/8_12.png,D,"Episodic resonance locking guides planet–star coevolution
Stellar seismology couples with planet migration to excite a series of resonance locks that affect the orbital evolution of planets, especially ‘dormant migrating giants’ that can become hot Jupiters when the star moves off the main sequence.
See de Wit et al.
Image: Carlos Villamil, Wentworth Institute of Technology and Julien de Wit, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2024. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_2.txt,allv2,8_2.txt,"A window to the Martian past
Phyllosilicates (clays) on Mars, such as the light—toned outcrops at Mawrth Vallis shown on the cover, could form during warm and wet intermittent periods in a generally cold early Mars. This model solves the contradiction on the state of ancient Mars between mineralogical and geomorphological observations and the most accepted climate theories.
See Bishop et al. and News & Views by Bridges
Image: Christoph Gross, Freie Universität Berlin. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/2_10.txt,ave_3,2_10.txt,"Recording solar cycles
The time series of the sunspot number — long used as a proxy for solar activity — covers more than 400 years of observations. However, earlier data suffer from temporal gaps and variable quality. These issues are taken into account in the creation of a way to visualize long-term solar variability.
See Muñoz-Jaramillo and Vaquero
Image: World History Archive / Alamy Stock Photo (top); courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams (bottom). Cover Design: Allen Beattie, Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo and José M. Vaquero.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/3_10.txt,multiBv1,3_10.txt,"Habitability across geological timescales
Habitability is usually defined for a specific time during a planet’s evolution. But how is that habitability sustained over billions of years? Comparing habitable conditions across different Solar System bodies is key to our understanding of the underlying processes driving long-term habitability.
See Cockell et al.
Image: James Tuttle Keane, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Astronomy/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_6.png,B,"Memory in aging
What determines the fate of our memory in aging? A study in this issue shows that older adults with preserved integrity of the brain’s norepinephrine supply, the locus coeruleus, are equipped with more proficient episodic memory.
See Dahl et al.
See also Jacobs
Cover image: Fanatic Studio / Gary Waters / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"Making sense of goal persistence
To attain goals, we frequently need to persevere. However, people sometimes show too much commitment to a goal, despite better alternatives — especially if they have invested a lot of time or money. Holton et al. use fMRI, lesion data and computational modelling to show that over-persistence with a chosen goal is driven by selective attention (mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex ), which prioritizes information related to the current goal and reduces sensitivity to attractive alternatives.
See Holton et al.
Image: Magdalena Adomeit. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"Nature Human Behaviour turns five
This month, we are celebrating our fifth anniversary with two dedicated Features. In one Feature, we asked 22 leading scientists in some of the key disciplines we cover to share their vision of the future of research in their disciplines. In a second Feature, past and present editors of the journal highlight some of their favourite papers and what made them special.
See Editorial, See also Box-Steffensmeier et al. and See also Antusch et al.
Cover image: incamerastock / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_12.txt,allv2,6_12.txt,"Replicability in social science
Replication initiatives are fundamental for scientific progress. Camerer et al. carried out replications of 21 Science and Nature social science experiments, successfully replicating 13 of 21 studies. Effect sizes of replications were about half the size of the originals.
See Camerer et al. and News & Views by Macleod
Image: FotografiaBasica / E+ / Getty. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/2_4.txt,sbert,2_4.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.png,C,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,"Stimuli-responsive luminescent soft materials are of concurrent interest owing to their tunable processability for encryption, sensing, and multimodal security application. Herein, the coordination driven soft gel with lanthanides and a blue-emitting organic linker acts as a trichromic emitter, exhibiting excellent color-rendering efficiency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,"elevated radiodensity, enabling real-time tracking of material development in living organisms through radioimaging. These hydrogels stand as a versatile and adjustable platform, allowing for the tunability of mechanical properties, swelling, and rates of biodegradation. Noteworthy for their cell-interactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, these materials signify a leap forward in bioengineering innovation, specifically within the field of tissue engineering. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_5.txt,multiBv1,2024_5.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_379,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_379.png,D,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that demonstrates that neutrophils use necroptotic cell death pathways to stimulate release of DNA- and histone-containing extracellular traps. The pseudocolored scanning electron microscopy image shows neutrophil extracellular traps (tan) capturing spores from the yeast Candida albicans. [Image: Prof. Matthias Gunzer/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_546.txt,ave_3,11_546.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the phagocytosis of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by macrophages leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and the production of type I interferons. The image shows a neutrophil (orange) with NETs (green) and trapped bacteria (purple). [Image: Volker Brinkmann/Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_673.txt,allv2,14_673.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Stojkov et al. report how the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils does not appear to require the protein gasdermin D or cell death. The image is a colored scanning electron micrograph of bacteria (rod-shaped) trapped in a NET.  Credit: Science Photo Library/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/16_769.txt,multiBv1,16_769.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on nonconventional functions of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2). The image depicts a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), formation of which depends on reactive oxygen species generated through NOX2 activity. [Image: Volker Brinkmann, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_379.txt,groundtruth,2007_379.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_6.png,D,"Ongoing developments in our ability to produce shorter and shorter X-ray pulses are enabling nuclear and electronic dynamics to be tracked with temporal resolution in the femtosecond–attosecond range. The image shows a transient absorption spectrum that allows the ring-opening of photoexcited cyclohexadiene to be followed in exquisite detail. See: Kraus, P. M. et al.
Image: Kristina Chang. Data: Andrew Attar. Cover Design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) bridge the gap between heterogeneous single atom catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts. They are typically less than 1 nm in size and comprise 2–20 atoms of one or more elements. The properties of SCCs can be finely tuned by controlling the composition or by inclusion of linkers and ligands. The cover image illustrates a variety of atomically precise SCCs with different heteroatoms anchored on a support. See Li et al.
Image: Jiong Lu Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"The active site of a heterogeneous catalyst is a nebulous concept. Traditionally, there are two major schools of thought in understanding active sites: the Langmuir approach which considers a monolayer of reacting molecules on a 2D surface with active sites like a chequerboard. The Taylor approach considers that there are a variety of sites and not all will be equally active. A review of catalysis research since their lifetimes leads to the 3D chess analogy. See Vogt and Weckhuysen.
Image: Charlotte Vogt, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology; Bert Weckhuysen, Utrecht University. Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/6_11.txt,sbert,6_11.txt,"Aromaticity is a controversial topic. Although widely used for the prediction and interpretation of chemical stability of both ground and excited states of molecules, no single index is known that unambiguously describes it. There has been a recent surge in reports using aromaticity to justify the stability of heavy elements’ clusters including actinides. The image shows a relief map of the induced current density — one of several state-of-the-art methods for examining aromaticity — applied to a tri-thorium cluster. The height of plots are proportional to the current intensity at each point. Recent developments in this field can transform our understanding of aromaticity, more than one and a half-century since this concept was introduced. For a review of state-of-the-art probes that have been used for assessing the aromaticity of heavy element clusters see Badri et al.
Image: Cina Foroutan-Nejad; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_1.png,A,"This visualization highlights the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for advanced material characterization. The image depicts AI-assisted processing of diffraction data, where machine-learning models facilitate full atomic structure characterization from experimental observations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"A machine learning (ML) paradigm to accelerate the development of perovskite solar cells, including compositional selection, material synthesis and testing, and full device evaluation is presented. Promising research directions and associated challenges are highlighted in the context of applying ML as a toolkit to establish stable perovskite photovoltaics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2021_20.txt,allv2,2021_20.txt,"Different doping elements X were introduced in LiNi0.8Mn0.1X0.1O2 to regulate the Li/Ni exchange defect, and then an interpretable machine learning method combining the Random Forest (RF) model and the Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) analysis was proposed to accelerate identifying the key factors among the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2024_46.txt,sbert,2024_46.txt,"Frequency-, time-, and wavevector-resolved X-ray diffraction provides a separation of elastic, Stokes, and anti-Stokes contributions. Covariance postprocessing of the diffraction signal with the temporal profile of the reference noisy probe, i.e., the intensity I(t) or the amplitude E(t), restores the eroded temporal resolution in the signal and also provides better frequency resolution. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2019_6.txt,multiBv1,2019_6.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_7.png,C,"The fabrication of copper-based materials with the controlled atomic arrangement and valence states based on neural network-accelerated computational simulations and skilled synthetic chemistry. Using these catalytic nanoparticles coupled with novel reactors, the selectivity of the target product is improved and the energy consumption of CO",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_10.txt,ave_2,2023_10.txt,"This image illustrates the potential benefits of charge transfer, structure maintenance, and interface protection that a three-dimensional, space-confined configuration brings to the non-intercalation electrode materials with high storage capacities. The affiliated article revisits the fundamentals, challenges, and recent proceedings about using space-confined electrochemistry and materials to improve storage performance of the next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,"CO2 electrolysis driven by sustainable energy resources is an attractive way to close the carbon cycle and achieve carbon neutrality. This Account highlights recent advances in cathode materials design for CO2 electrolysis from room to elevated temperatures, with a focus on various strategies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Shining light on CO2 empowers its conversion to CO, CH3OH, and CH4. The red-orange glow around the Earth, merging into a green interior hue, portends how the unification of the light and heat of the sun enables CO2 photothermal catalysis to produce commodity chemicals and fuels, facilitating a sustainable future for humankind.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_1.txt,multiBv1,2022_1.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_12.png,C,"Stressing mitochondria
This work identifies mitochondrial fission as key for promoting stress susceptibility in male mice, providing a mechanistic link between metabolism and emotional disorders. The image depicts an immunostaining of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (red) within neurons (green) in the medial prefrontal cortex of stress-susceptible mice.
See Dong et al.
Image: Jian-Guo Chen, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"SARS-CoV-2 replication relies on lipids
Cellular fatty acid synthesis is shown to be required for SARS-CoV-2 replication, and treatment with inhibitors of fatty acid synthase inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and prolongs survival in vitro and in vivo.
See Chu, Xing, and Du et al.
Image: AMI Images/Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_2.txt,multiBv1,3_2.txt,"FASN cuts stress
In this issue of Nature Metabolism, Wei et al. identify a non-fatty acid synthesis function for FASN in suppressing diverse aspects of stress responses through a mechanism that involves FASN cleavage. Depicted are anesthetized C. elegans following stressful conditions.
See Wei et al.
Image: Hai Wei, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,"Organelle-associated long non-coding RNAs
Sang et al. identify subcellularly localized long non-coding RNAs that respond to nutrient stress, characterizing the mitochondrial lncRNA GAS5 in tuning tricarboxylic acid flux.
See Sang et al.
Image: Aifu Lin and Lingjie Sang, Zhejiang University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_12.txt,ave_2,3_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.png,B,"A global view of multiple sclerosis genetics, inspired by the Perspective on p613.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_3.txt,sbert,18_3.txt,"Overlapping phenotypes, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Spectrum of disease, inspired by the Review on p602.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,"Targeting tau, inspired by the Review on p715.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/19_1.txt,multiBv1,19_1.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.png,B,Sourdough fermentation combined with the compound improvers significantly improved the baking performance of whole wheat bread. The potential mechanisms of quality improvement revealed in this study may be enlightening for the development of other functional bread aimed at balancing nutrition and sensory quality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,"Optimizing brewing conditions to enhance probiotic viability in beer: Twenty-one lactic acid bacteria strains with potential probiotic properties were tested for resilience against ethanol and hops, with certain strains thriving in Gueuze-style sour beer. Findings indicate that alternative methods are required to support probiotic viability in hopped beers. This cover image was created using Canva AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dynamic interplay of milk and espresso in the creation of espresso drinks, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction in defining the taste and texture of the beverage. It underlines how advanced two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments can elucidate the complex interactions and dynamics of organic molecules and milk proteins and offer insights into the molecular dance that supports the unique flavor of these popular drinks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_8.png,B,"The E3 ligases engage in the malignancy of UM. a MiR-17-3p inhibits MDM2-mediated degradation of TP53 through the UPS. However, LncRNA PVT1 in UM could disturb miR-17-3p-mediated inhibition of MDM2. b SKP2-mediated degradation of CDKN1B through the UPS induces UM growth. c Hypoxia induces transactivation of HIF1A that could be degraded through VHL-mediated UPS in normoxia. d RNF2-mediated ubiquitination of histone H2A executes completely different regulation of downstream genes in UM versus other tissues. e MYCBP2 elevates the sensitivity of UM cells to Trail-induced apoptosis by conjugating to C-MYC. However, miR-92a-3p overexpressed in UM reduces the protein level of MYCBP2. See the article in pages 179–188.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_11.txt,ave_2,42_11.txt,"Cover Credit: Following MIR, MCMECs release GMCSF to recruit monocyte infiltration, which in turn releases CCL2 to induce CCR2+ immune cell infiltration. GMCSF transits CCR2+ macrophages to M1 phenotype, mediating and amplifying inflammation that exacerbates MIR injury, while CCL2 transits CCR2+ macrophages to M2 phenotype, mediating fibrotic remodeling after MIR.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Delivery of miR-23a/27a/26a cluster by RVG-modified satellite cell-derived Exos could be a promising targeted treatment for DN. RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos could effectively ameliorate tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) by a mechanism that synergistically targets several profibrotic regulators, which not only regulated miRNA cluster-targeting Lpp simultaneously, but controlled miR-27a-3p-targeting Zbtb20 and miR-26a-5p-targeting Klhl42, respectively. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01140-4). See the article in pages 2455–2468",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_1.txt,allv2,44_1.txt,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,multiBv1,45_3.txt,val
Nano Letters,2025_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_9.png,B,"An artist's rendering of a carbon nanotube forming a coil. Nanotubes grow up from a substrate and can form defect-free coils in situ, similar to the coiling of falling ropes. These coils have free ends, allowing for electrical contact. The inset shows a cross-sectional TEM image of such a coil, which is highly ordered and comprised of 74 turns with identical diameter and chirality. Nitzan Shadmi, Anna Kremen, Yiftach Frenke, Zachary J. Lapin, Leonardo D. Machado, Sergio B. Legoas, Ora Bitton, Katya Rechav, Ronit Popovitz-Biro, Douglas S. Galvão, Ado Jorio, Lukas Novotny, Beena Kalisky, and Ernesto Joselevich. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2016_9.txt,ave_3,2016_9.txt,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_9.txt,groundtruth,2025_9.txt,"The image depicts the three levels of scale associated with the production of artificial two-dimensional protein arrays: ribbon structure of the designed protomer, architecture of the self-assembled array, and micrograph of a resulting nanosheet.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2015_5.txt,ave_2,2015_5.txt,"The cover art depicts a microtubule structure with intact and open segments exposing the inner surface. Atomic force microscopy reveals a high-resolution view, showing an undulating arrangement of protofilaments (PFs) with alternating height variations, caused by different structural orientations and conformations of αβ-tubulin dimers in adjacent PFs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_8.txt,allv2,2025_8.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_9.png,D,In vitro culture of human embryos reveals hallmarks of early human development and self-organizing capabilities.p700,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/18_7.txt,sbert,18_7.txt,"Mechanotransduction by spectrin
An apical spectrin network in endothelial cells transmits mechanical forces in response to shear flow-induced stress in a mechanism mediated by hyaluronic acid and PIEZO1.
See Mylvaganam et al.
Image: Sivakami Mylvaganam, University of Toronto. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/24_5.txt,allv2,24_5.txt,"Stem cells
Stabilising naïve pluripotency
See Lynch et al..
Image: Photo courtesy of Cian J. Lynch, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/22_3.txt,multiBv1,22_3.txt,"Hydrostatic pressure in development
Hydrostatic pressure regulates embryonic competence in the developing neural crest.
See Alasaadi et al.
Image: Julien Marcetteau. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_9.txt,groundtruth,26_9.txt,val
Biomacromolecules,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.png,A,"The cover prominently features a diatom and silicic acid molecule surrounded by macromolecules that represent the organic matrix or the “privileged space” where biosilicification occurs. Macromolecular chemistry guides the formation of their hierarchically structured silica biominerals. This Review of biosilicification literature explores in vivo and in vitro silicification studies and shows there is much to learn about the fundamental processes that control biosilicification. Moving forward, we can use biopolymer chemistry for hypothesis-directed studies to establish biosilicification principles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) techniques have emerged as two powerful self-assembly techniques to produce a broad range of advanced synthetic nano-objects with different morphologies and a high solids content. In this Review, the authors cover the design, the synthesis, and the evaluation of nano-objects obtained by PISA and CDSA, suitable for biomedical applications in terms of (bio)degradability and biocompatibility. The cover illustrates the different morphologies that can be obtained by PISA and CDSA in the context of biomedical applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_5.txt,allv2,2022_5.txt,"This special issue “Bioinspired Macromolecular Materials” serves to highlight the many ways in which biology inspires the creation of new functional materials. The broad themes covered in this issue are modification or creation of synthetic analogues of native biopolymeric materials; design of bioinspired macromolecules from functional polymers composed of amino acid building blocks; engineering of nanoscale materials toward recreating the structures and functions of natural materials; recreating the three-dimensional network architecture of native matrices, often through the creation of hydrogels; and efforts to recreate the encapsulating properties of biological compartments and membranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2021_12.txt,multiBv1,2021_12.txt,"In the presence of phospholipid vesicles, amphipathic copolymers of styrene and maleic acid are able to self-assemble to form nanodiscs containing a segment of phospholipid bilayer stabilized in aqueous solution by a polymer belt. By modifying the structure of the polymers, properties of the resulting nanodiscs can be altered, which has important implications for the application of these polymers for the solubilization of membrane-associated biological targets. Image courtesy of Stephen C. L. Hall and Thomas Arnold. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_10.txt,sbert,2018_10.txt,train
Joule,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_1.png,B,"On the Cover: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) features energy infrastructure construction
aimed to catalyze economic development, with fossil fuel currently predominating ongoing
projects. The cover art, using the Chinese papercutting folk art form, depicts cooperative
development around integration of solar photovoltaics as a renewable power source
throughout the BRI region. In this issue of Joule, Chen et al. (1895–1912) developed an integrated model to explore the potential of
solar power as a climate-friendly alternative to decouple future regional economic
growth from increasing carbon emissions. The potential distribution of solar power
over the BRI region with systematic consideration of the impacting factors was evaluated
on an hourly basis using high-resolution data. The result demonstrates the advantage
of regional solar cooperation and the importance of investments in electric power
grid interconnections. Cover art by MyScimage.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts AI as becoming critical to overcome the rapidly
widening gap between the existing computational capabilities and the evolving needs
of the electric power industry to cope with the massively increasing complexity and
uncertainty in the electric grid amidst the transition to a low-carbon energy future.
In this issue of Joule, Hamann et al. show how emerging AI foundation models are an ideal technology platform to collaborate
across the sector in a moonshot to harness emerging AI capabilities, which will enable
much more computationally efficient models, by orders of magnitude, for planning,
managing, and controlling the electric grid while providing high performance, adaptability,
and scalability. Artist/source: Lara Karadogan, IBM Research (lara.karadogan@ibm.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"On the cover: An artistic depiction of the use of a deep neural network to locate
and size solar panels from high-resolution satellite imagery and produce a map of
the adoption of solar systems in the US. Yu et al. (2605–2617) created and validated
a fast deep-learning approach that is able to efficiently create a database of solar
panel locations and sizes for the whole country. Based on these results, they were
able to create a novel accurate predictive adoption model. Cover art by Zhecheng Wang
and Jiafan Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a novel method to excavate kinetic reaction knowledge from limited battery
thermal experiments, transforming it into millions of data points for machine learning,
which in turn enables highly accurate and broadly generalizable predictions. In the
imagery, the chips symbolize the computational power of machine learning, while the
batteries and dispersing cubes represent the latent thermochemical knowledge that,
once excavated into large-scale training data, can liberate the scale and capability
of machine learning methods. Image credit: Yu Wang and Chaoyang Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_4.txt,ave_2,8_4.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_20.png,A,"The artwork depicts how gut bacteria-derived SCFAs establish crosstalk with the brain and influence proteins and key neurotransmitters associated with treatment-resistant depression. SCFAs also positively modulate neuroplasticity, tryptophan metabolism, and inflammatory cascades in the brain that are involved in the management of anxiety and depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,allv2,2024_18.txt,"Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, can disrupt Aβ42 protofibril and inhibit Aβ42 aggregation mostly through hydrogen-bonding, aromatic stacking, and cation–π interactions. Image credit: Yujie Chen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.png,B,"The design of an atomically precise tetravalent silver nanocluster is described. The cluster features four unique tetrahedrally symmetrical binding surface sites facilitated by the supramolecular assembly of wide footprint bidentate thiols in the ligand shell. Each of these sites can be selectively functionalized by a single phosphine ligand. See Bakr and co-workers, p 11970.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_15.txt,multiBv1,2015_15.txt,"A ligand-receptor-anchored nanopore is designed that mimics natural structural adaptability and favorable orientation of the ligand. It facilitates real-time mapping of multivalent binding pathways and kinetics in native states at the single monomeric subunit level, providing a new tool for high-throughput screening of antibodies or drugs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"A synthetic ligand is created to recognize the target mitochondrial DNA sequence by selectively localizing inside mitochondrion and not nuclei. Bio-analytical studies show that this ligand termed MITO-PIP triggers targeted transcriptional suppression in HeLa cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial transcription factor A to the light-strand promoter of the mitochondrial genome. See Sugiyama and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 8444. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_21.txt,sbert,2017_21.txt,"A long polypeptide chain, exceeding 700 amino acids, is propelled through a protein nanopore. Phosphorylation-specific binders, when bound to the translocating peptide, create unique signatures that enable the detection of phosphoserine sites over 250 residues apart within a single chain. [Cover by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_17.txt,allv2,2024_17.txt,val
Macromolecules,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2025_2.png,D,"Upon specific stimuli, breaking and reforming of the chemical bonds in associative covalent adaptable networks (CANs) allow the rearrangement of network topology, offering the potential to address the challenge of recycling thermosets. A kinetic Monte Carlo model involving both cross-linking and exchange reactions is constructed to provide an in-depth understanding of the reaction kinetics for the synthesis of CANs. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,Transition-metal-catalyzed  coordination−insertion polymerization has emerged as a leading method for the  controlled synthesis of functional polyolefins from industrially relevant  monomers. Recent efforts to tailor catalyst function by exploiting the powerful  influence of the chelating ancillary ligand of the metal complex are discussed  in this Perspective.  See page 2541. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2014_17.txt,sbert,2014_17.txt,"Computational and molecular design of soluble redox-active polymers guides the choice of tether length for improved charged state stability, redox reversibility, and energy storage performance. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_15.txt,multiBv1,2018_15.txt,"Introducing a strategy to customize the dynamics of covalent adaptable networks via molecular-scale design. By modifying functional monomer moieties, this strategy adjusts vinylogous bond kinetics, enabling the properties of robustness, dynamics, shape-memory, reprocessibility, and degradation. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Cardiovascular Research,3_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_10.png,D,"Macrophages improve the function of engineered cardiac microtissue
Hamidzada et al. show that after integration of human embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages into human cardiac microtissue, they adopt the resident fate and improve microtissue function by ingesting stressed cardiomyocytes or their cargo by efferocytosis.
See Hamidzada et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm
The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death.
See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo
Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"The sources of myocardial passive stiffness
Loescher et al. use a mouse model that enables specific cleavage of elastic titin in cardiomyocytes to dissect the contributions of various structural elements of myocardium to passive stiffness. They quantify the strain-dependent contributions from titin, actin filaments, microtubules, the sarcolemma, intermediate filaments and the extracellular matrix to both elastic and viscous forces.
See Loescher et al.
Image credit: Andreas Unger and Wolfgang A. Linke, University of Münster. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/2_2.txt,multiBv1,2_2.txt,"Neutralizing gremlins protects against myocarditis
Perez-Shibayama et al. report that restoring BMP4 signaling with antibodies that neutralize the BMP inhibitors gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 can ameliorate myocarditis by reducing immune cell infiltration, the production of pathogenic cytokines, and pro-inflammatory activity in fibroblasts.
See Perez-Shibayama et al.
Image: Nadine Cadosch, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_10.txt,groundtruth,3_10.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_10.png,C,"PyMM, an open-source Python software, enables users to apply a QM/MM approach, the Perturbed Matrix Method, which combines Molecular Dynamics Simulations and QM calculations to efficiently describe the effect of the environment on the quantum states and their corresponding thermodynamics and kinetics in complex molecular systems.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_24.txt,allv2,2023_24.txt,"The QM/MM MD/TI simulations of aqueous Li+ reported in this issue combine three description levels: continuum electrostatics for the long-range (bottom left), molecular mechanics for the intermediate-range (top left), and quantum mechanics (RIMP2) for the first shell (top right). Using thermodynamic integration based on molecular dynamics simulations (bottom right), the hydration free energy is calculated from first principles (no ionic radius specified). The resulting estimate is remarkably accurate and gives access to three fundamental quantities: the hydration free energy of the proton, the surface potential of water, and the absolute potential of the hydrogen electrode.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2018_1.txt,ave_3,2018_1.txt,The new open source QupKake model from Abarbanel and Hutchison combines fast semiempirical quantum chemical data with machine learning methods to predict the local aqueous pKa of atomic sites in organic molecules for both protonation and deprotonation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"A quantum-accurate simulation of nucleation and growth of carbon clusters at high temperature. Initially, carbon atoms are randomly placed in an argon atmosphere. ACE predicts nucleation of small carbon clusters that gradually coalesce and form buckyball molecules. After 12 nanoseconds of simulation, only a single large fullerene molecule remains.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_10.txt,multiBv1,2023_10.txt,train
Immunity,57_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_9.png,C,"On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers,
and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the
world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion
website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology
community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun!
In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of
cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of
these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into
the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/50_3.txt,allv2,50_3.txt,"On the cover: Future epidemics and pandemics are likely, but we do not know what pathogen
will cause the next outbreak. Our best defense against this “unknown” is to better
understand the immune response to infection and vaccination. In this issue of Immunity, we present three reviews and one perspective that highlight mechanisms of tissue-specific
immunity and how this information can be leveraged to help fight emerging threats.
Thomas and colleagues focus on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory
track during infection and vaccination, while Mucida and colleagues discuss natural
and vaccine-acquired immunity to enteric viruses, highlighting specialized features
of the intestinal immune system. McGavern and Ampie review the anatomy and development
of central nervous system barriers as well as their immunological composition during
steady state and in response to infections. Finally, Saphire and Sette provide a perspective
on immunological approaches to mitigate the impact of the next emerging virus pandemic
by inducing broad-based immunity against viruses with pandemic potential. Image credit:
Corona Borealis Studio/Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/55_8.txt,ave_2,55_8.txt,"On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call
for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received
beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured
on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD
candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San
Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from
vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA,
RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells,
microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades.
Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in
driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity
of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate
immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects
of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize
shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous
molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles,
we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure
that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment
while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go
awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development
of new therapies.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_9.txt,groundtruth,57_9.txt,"On the cover: Cancer immunotherapy holds considerable promise. However, a concerted
effort is necessary to better understand the fundamental basis of the interactions
between cancer cells and their environment and the immune system in order to fully
realize the potential of treating cancer by manipulating the immune system. This issue
of Immunity examines cancer immunotherapies with a collection of seven review articles focusing
on immune gene signatures, immune suppression, activation of the innate immune system,
dendritic cell therapy, T cell transfer therapy, chemotherapy and immunosurveillance,
and immune modulators. The cover shows T cells (yellow) engineered to express a chimeric
antigen receptor, depicted by the gray wrench with the bolt to indicate its synthetic
nature. One of the T cells is engaging with and killing a tumor cell while releasing
cytokines. In the background, a macrophage is engulfing a tumor fragment and releasing
soluble factors. Illustration by Lili Guo, University of Pennsylvania.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/39_6.txt,ave_3,39_6.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_11.png,B,"TagA helps T6SS to hold their fire
The adaptation of APEX2-dependent proximity biotinylation for use in bacteria enables the identification of binding partners of TssA, which controls T6SS sheath assembly. This approach identifies TagA as a TssA partner that stops sheath polymerization and clamps the extended sheath to the membrane.
See Cascales et al.
Image: Yoann Santin, Thierry Doan, Hugo Le Guenno and Eric Cascales. Cover design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_2.txt,sbert,3_2.txt,"Visualizing Tc toxin release
This image shows type 10 secretion system (T10SS)-mediated Tc toxin release by Yersinia entomophaga, as captured by cryo-electron tomography. Spanin-mediated membrane fusion triggers bacterial lysis and the explosive discharge of pre-assembled toxins by a subset of the bacterial population.
See Sitsel et al.
Credit: Oleg Sitsel and Stefan Raunser, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,"Blood curdling bacterial toxin
Group A Streptococcus streptolysin S (SLS)-mediated red blood cell lysis occurs through disruption of the function of major erythrocyte anion exchange protein, band 3, leading to Cl- ion influx.
See Higashi et al 1, 15004
Image: Dustin Higashi and Shaun LeeCover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/1_11.txt,ave_2,1_11.txt,"Exit route  
Single-particle analysis of cryo-electron microscopy structures elucidates the membrane complex of the mycobacterial ESX-5 type VII secretion system. This secretion pathway is used to deliver virulence factors from the bacterial cytoplasm into the host cell through a channel in the bacterial inner membrane. 
See Beckham et al. 2, 17047 (2017)
Image: Tobias W&uuml;stefeld, Cover Design: Samantha Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,train
ACS Food Science & Technology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.png,C,"The cover art captures the evolution of edible seeds through food processing, illustrating shifts in protein structures as well as water/oil absorption capacities. This visual narrative emphasizes the consequential advancements for edible seeds within the baking industry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_12.txt,allv2,2024_12.txt,"This illustration, created using the ""Image Creator from Playground AI"" tool, vividly represents the theme of our study. It features a cup of dark tea, with steam symbolizing warmth and health, alongside a healthy-looking white rat. The graphic contrasts this with an image of a lethargic white rat, representing the condition before dark tea consumption. Additionally, it includes a graph or infographic indicating improvements in glucose levels or other diabetic markers in white rats post-",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,ave_2,2024_11.txt,"The cover art illustrates the dynamic interplay of milk and espresso in the creation of espresso drinks, highlighting the crucial role of this interaction in defining the taste and texture of the beverage. It underlines how advanced two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments can elucidate the complex interactions and dynamics of organic molecules and milk proteins and offer insights into the molecular dance that supports the unique flavor of these popular drinks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"This cover, in part created using the ""Canva"" AI tool, represents the focus of our study, a chickpea plant, treated with foliar application of wood distillate. Seeds were used to obtain a fortified flour, employed for the development of functional bakery products, like cookies. Additionally, it includes a graph containing a flavonoid found in the flour and a model of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion to obtain available peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Food Science & Technology/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_11.png,D,"Evoking affective responses from students studying chemistry may heighten their curiosity and further engage their interest in the subject, motivating them to delve deeper. In ""Integrating Aesthetics Education into Chemistry Education: Students Perceive, Appreciate, Explore, and Create the Beauty of Chemistry in Scientific Photography Activity"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00857), Yizhou Ling, Jiamin Xiang, Kai Chen, Junyao Zhang, and Hongyan Ren describe microscale lab activities in which students photograph precipitation reactions using a smartphone with magnification. Students observe changes in color, shape, texture, and opacity in various reactions of metal salts with sodium hydroxide solutions, including with cobalt chloride (pictured on the cover), ferrous sulfate, and copper sulfate. Using a wider lens to perceive the complexity and beauty of chemical reactions coupled with an aesthetic approach to wonder why and how these changes occur can stimulate experimental inquiry, affective response, and creative outcomes, including high-quality scientific photography.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,"The Chemistry of Lightsticks: Demonstrations To Illustrate Chemical Processes” (DOI: 10.1021/ed200328d) by Thomas Scott Kuntzleman, Kristen Rohrer, and Emeric Schultz. (Photos by Cassandra L. Lance.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2012_6.txt,allv2,2012_6.txt,"In celebration of the ACS National Chemistry Week 2021 theme ""Fast or Slow?Chemistry Makes It Go!"", the cover features snapshots of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a reaction that oscillates in both time and space. The complex chemical system shown involves bromate, bromide, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, ferroin indicator, and oxygen from the air. The oscillations in this reaction start with the formation of small pale blue dots in a rusty red solution, with each dot expanding in ever-widening concentric rings. By swirling the solution, the reaction can be repeated. Each time the reaction occurs, the oscillation pattern is different. (Images from the Journal of Chemical Education?s Chemistry Comes Alive! video collection.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.txt,multiBv1,2021_3.txt,"–and demonstrates redox chemistry that allows for the direct conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy without involving a machine to accomplish the transfer. The visual effect is mesmerizing and provides a compelling introduction to the rich underlying science; however, the difficulty and time required to initiate and maintain regular oscillations often frustrates instructors and students, discouraging many from presenting this demonstration. In ""Resuscitating the Mercury Beating Heart: An Improvement on the Classic Demo"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00845), Daniel Stribling, Christopher R. Brewer, and Kenneth A. Goldsby describe a simple device for reducing the setup time and increasing the duration of this classic yet underutilized chemical demonstration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_11.txt,groundtruth,2021_11.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_6.png,A,"Mechano-metabolic programming of myeloid cells restricts tumor immunity
TGFβ-induced collagen deposition and metabolic programming of tumor-associated macrophages restricts the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells in the breast cancer microenvironment.
See Tharp et al.
Image: Mary Kate Hayward. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_6.txt,groundtruth,5_6.txt,"The immunology of breast cancer histologic subtypes
This multispectral image shows a section of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, with infiltration of CD8+ T cells and macrophages in the tumor bed, and lymphoid aggregates in the stroma.
See Onkar et al.
Image: Sayali Onkar, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Marion Joy and Peter Lucas, Translational Pathology Imaging Laboratory at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_9.txt,allv2,4_9.txt,"Understanding resistance to brain tumor microenvironment–targeted therapy
Resistance to inhibitionof CSF1R in breast cancer metastasis to the brain is driven by compensatory activation of the CSF2Rb–STAT5 axis in macrophages, which can be alleviated by combined targeting of CSF1R and STAT5.
See Klemm et al.
Image: Lisa Sevenich, Georg-Speyer-Haus Frankfurt, Germany; Florian Klemm and Johanna Joyce, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_3.txt,multiBv1,2_3.txt,"Oncolytic nanoparticle immunotherapeutics
Self-replicating lipid nanoparticles encoding IL-12 RNA induce priming of CD8+ T cells and immunogenic cell death in established tumors.
See Li et al. and the News & Views article by Kepp and Kroemer.
Image: Yingzhong Li, The David Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_4.txt,ave_2,1_4.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_8.png,D,"A nonenzymatic synthetic pathway is demonstrated for 5-carbon sugars, including ribose, which relies on chemical transformations that are reminiscent of the first steps of the pentose phosphate pathway, a core pathway of metabolism, suggesting that prebiotic sugar synthesis may have overlaps with the extant biochemical pathways.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"The membrane-bound phospholipase A1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a potential drug target. PlaF remodels membrane glycerophospholipids, influencing virulence-associated signaling. Medium-chain free fatty acids, products of PlaF action, inhibit its activity. Molecular simulations and free energy computations uncover how fatty acids control PlaF. For this image, an author-made hand drawing was refined with GPT-4.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_10.txt,multiBv1,2024_10.txt,"Khashab's group at KAUST reports on two biocompatible frameworks, namely, KAUST bioMOF-1 (KBM-1) and KAUST bioMOF-2 (KBM-2), which can be readily prepared from the coordination of adenine and amino or amido dicarboxylic acid to provide an extremely biocompatible hybrid framework for genetic material loading and delivery.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2022_10.txt,allv2,2022_10.txt,"Following a cancer-stem-cell phenotype approach, the discovery of the synthetic small molecule UCM-13369, inspired by microbiota metabolites, is disclosed. Targeting NPM1 protein, the new inhibitor triggers apoptosis in cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients and reduces tumor infiltration in mice. UCM-13369 represents a therapeutic opportunity for NPM1-mutated leukemia, a high-mortality disease. The cover image was created using the generative AI program Midjourney.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,26_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_1.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,ave_3,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.txt,allv2,26_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,ave_2,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_1.txt,groundtruth,26_1.txt,test
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_6.png,C,"High-throughput imaging of single-cell secretions
This issue highlights a caller of genomic variants that leverages machine learning to reduce read-mapping costs, a method for the in vivo screening of hydrogels for antifibrotic properties, collagen-replacement therapy via mRNA-encapsulating extracellular vesicles delivered intradermally via microneedles, the high-throughput in vivo screening of libraries of nanoparticle formulations for the delivery of mRNA to the liver, an investigation of the effects of the spatial distribution and placement of antigens in nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines, a subcutaneous Zika vaccine consisting of a hydrogel electrostatically entrapping the live virus, and a microwell array for the image-based spatiotemporal profiling of single-cell secretions.
The cover illustrates a plasmonic microwell array for the spatiotemporal monitoring of secreted proteins from hundreds of single cells.
See Ansaryan et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_6.txt,ave_2,7_6.txt,"Mining for hidden antimicrobial peptides in the human proteome
This issue highlights biomaterial vaccines that protect mice and pigs against septic shock from bacterial infections, cancer vaccines from cryogenically silicified tumour cells, the biomaterial-mediated modulation of oral microbiota in synergy with checkpoint blockade, systemic anticancer responses by flagellated bacteria coated with antigen-adsorbing polymer nanoparticles, mesenchymal stromal cells coated with a gel incorporating chemomechanical cues for the inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling, the mining of the human proteome for peptides with antibacterial activity, mitophagy inducers that improve the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, and genetically programmed biosensors for enhancing the tropism of bacteria.
The cover illustrates that the human proteome can be algorithmically mined to identify thousands of encrypted peptides with antibacterial activity.
See Torres et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio Inc. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/6_12.txt,allv2,6_12.txt,"Seeking antibiotics in the proteomes of extinct organisms
This issue highlights methods for spatial multi-omics at subcellular resolution, for the mapping of higher-order protein interactions, for studying the functions of non-coding regulatory elements, for interrogating sequence variation in antimicrobial peptides, for antimicrobial-peptide discovery by mining the proteome of extinct organisms, for reinforcing the intestinal mucosal barrier, and for the optogenetic stimulation of vagal nerves, to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
The cover illustrates that compounds with antibiotic properties can be discovered by mining, using deep learning, the proteomes of all available extinct organisms.
See Wan et al.
Image: Pix Videos | de la Fuente Lab. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_6.txt,groundtruth,8_6.txt,"A vision transformer for decoding surgical activity
This issue highlights representation-learning strategies for processing multimodal inputs and for improving the robustness and training efficiency of machine-learning models, a vision transformer for decoding surgical activity, a machine-learning pipeline for mining the entire space of polypeptide-chain sequences to identify potent antimicrobial peptides, ensembles of machine-learning models for explaining the molecular basis of synergetic drug combinations, and a machine-learning model that links genome sequence and non-coding RNA expression at the cell-type level.
The cover illustrates a machine-learning system for the decoding of intraoperative surgical activity from videos commonly collected during robotic surgeries.
See Kiyasseh et al.
Image: Melanie Lee, SayoStudio. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/7_7.txt,ave_3,7_7.txt,val
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_6.png,A,"Vsevolod V. Gurevich and Eugenia V. Gurevich discuss the biological
effects of free arrestins and the GPCR-arrestin complex, focusing on the regulation
of arrestin-mediated signaling, both receptor-dependent and -independent. They also
address the therapeutic tools needed to modulate the receptor-independent activity
of free arrestins. The cover image illustrates the structure of bovine arrestin-2
(PDB ID
1G4M, molecule A). In the scaled ball-and-stick model, the polar core's positively
(dark
blue) and negatively (red) charged residues, hydrophobic residues forming the three-element
interaction (yellow), finger loop (magenta), middle loop (dark green), and inter-domain
hinge (red) are depicted. The unresolved C-terminus in the crystal structure
(blue) is shown not to scale. The binding sites for clathrin (light green) and clathrin
adaptor AP2 (purple) on both non-visual arrestins are illustrated on the proximal
and
distal C-terminus, respectively. Additionally, the caspase cleavage sites in arrestin-2
(Asp380, pink ball) and arrestin-3 (Asp366, light blue ball) are highlighted. This
image is
adapted from Figure 2 of Gurevich and Gurevich and was created using DS ViewerPro
6.0 (Dassault Systèmes, San Diego, CA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_6.txt,groundtruth,45_6.txt,"The classical model of arrestin-mediated desensitization of cell surface G protein-coupled
receptor (GPCR) is thought to be universal. However, this paradigm is incompatible
with recent reports that the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR), sustains GS activity
and continues to generate cAMP for prolonged periods after ligand-wash-out. In this
issue, Jean-Pierre Vilardaga and colleagues discuss possible molecular mechanisms
underlying sustained signaling by the PTHR. On the cover: signaling dynamics of PTHR
on the early endosome. Internalized complexes of β-arrestin 1 (red) and PTHR (green)
internalize to a compartment of the early endosome that is labeled red-green. A second
compartment labeled with the sorting complex retromer (blue) is labeled blue-green.
Arrestin and retromer do not colocalize (bottom row), indicating that the two proteins
localize functionally in distinct compartments of the endosome. Image courtesy of
Jean-Pierre Vilardaga.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/33_5.txt,ave_1,33_5.txt,"TiPS is pleased to bring you a special issue highlighting new fluorescence and bioluminescence
imaging approaches to study G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in living cells. Our
cover image relates to a review from Kelsie Eichel and Mark von Zastrow on subcellular
organization of GPCR signaling. The picture shows β-arrestin-2 (green), immobilized
β1-adrenergic receptors (blue) and clathrin-coated pits (red) in the plasma membrane
of a human embryonic kidney cell by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.
Application of the β1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine drives β-arrestin-2 accumulation in clathrin-coated
pits (yellow spots in the merged image) without the upstream activating β1-adrenergic receptor (blue spots). This illustrates the newly recognized spatial segregation
of arrestin activation at coated pits. Image courtesy of Kelsie Eichel and Mark von
Zastrow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/39_11.txt,allv2,39_11.txt,"The discovery that G protein and β-arrestin pathways are distinct and can be pharmacologically
modulated independently has fueled the hunt for “biased” ligands. Interest in understanding
and identifying ligand bias has thus triggered a barrage of new questions in the GPCR
field, from how best to quantify bias to which kinds of biased ligands might have
clinical potential. We at Trends in Pharmacological Sciences are addressing these questions and more in a special series devoted to ligand bias
at GPCRs. We are delighted to partner in this effort with Guest Editor Robert Lefkowitz,
whose seminal contributions to GPCR research continue to shape the field today. The
series commences in this issue with Modeling G protein-coupled receptors in complex with biased agonists by Stefano Costanzi and will continue in future editions of TiPS. Cover image courtesy
of Science Photo Library.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/35_7.txt,sbert,35_7.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_5.png,C,"Light oxidations
Photoelectrocatalytic H2O2 production is coupled with heterogeneous propylene epoxidation in an integrated proof-of-concept device. This approach allows for direct production of propylene oxide using O2 and light without external bias or sacrificial reagents.
See Ko et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic/Younghee Lee. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_12.txt,multiBv1,5_12.txt,"Deactivation into single atoms
By controlling the loading of metal nanoparticles in supported catalysts using colloidal nanocrystals, Cargnello and co-workers report a deactivation mechanism in combustion catalysts that occurs by particle decomposition into inactive single atoms rather than by particle growth. This deactivation process is fast, but is mitigated by the use of higher metal loadings, showing that, for certain reactions, higher particle densities lead to more stable catalysts.
See Goodman et al.
Image: Greg Stewart (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_4.txt,sbert,2_4.txt,"Deracemization by electrical energy
Accessing optically pure compounds by deracemization is usually accomplished by chemical, photo- or mechanical energy. In their work, the authors present an electrocatalytic deracemization method for secondary alcohols by immobilizing a Rh catalyst on the cathode, which prioritizes its reduction over the Ir catalyst.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Jianchun Wang, Southern University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,"Electrifying regeneration
Lin and co-workers demonstrate that the performance degradation of mixed Ni–Fe hydroxide water oxidation electrocatalysts is due to their segregation into NiOOH and FeOOH phases. The authors find that this process is reversible between the water oxidation and catalyst reduction potentials, and show that the degraded electrocatalysts can be revivified under catalytic operating conditions via an intermittent reduction protocol.
See Lin et al.
Image: Feng Lin, Virginia Tech. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,train
ACS Nanoscience Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2025_1.png,B,"Featured on this cover is a composite confocal fluorescence image of a representative matrix stone section. The image vividly illustrates the extensive organic filamentous networks, abundant with immune response-related proteins such as calprotectin (displayed in red), myeloperoxidase (in yellow), and DNA molecules (in blue). Originating from intricate host-microbe interplay, these organic networks promote the heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of inorganic particulates, culminating in the formation of macroscale aggregates known as ""matrix stones"". This process embodies a unique 'double-edged sword' effect of the host immune response to pathogens in pathological renal biomineralization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,"This work presents an oil-in-water nanoemulsion incorporating essential oils or hexane extract from Boesenbergia rotunda and betamethasone dipropionate (BD). The inclusion of B. rotunda hexane extract, which is rich in pinostrobin, significantly enhances the bioactivities of the BD nanoemulsion for managing atopic dermatitis. These improvements include antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, along with enhanced in vitro skin barrier repair, all while maintaining nontoxicity to skin cells. This cover art features an AI-generated element, further refined with design software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,A different ligand ratio was employed in the design of hybrid drug delivery systems based on monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters for targeted cancer therapy and studied via MD simulations. This cover shows a representative case when the most convenient features are exhibited after favoring the targeting ligand (peptide) over the chemo drug. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2021_1.txt,allv2,2021_1.txt,"Structural heterogeneity in inorganic nanosolids is ubiquitous, which poses non-negligible impacts on the associated catalytic behaviors. Recent efforts in investigating four types of structural heterogeneities in nanocatalysts, including size and facet control, differentiation of surface and bulk characteristics, characterizing local and average structures, as well as monitoring catalytic restructurings, are discussed. Understanding the inhomogeneities in the seemingly uniform nanomaterials lays foundations for the delicate design of advanced nanocatalysts with increased structural complexities and expanded catalytic functionalities.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_5.txt,ave_2,2023_5.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.png,A,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Unlocking new frontiers in medical diagnostics, drug discovery, and environmental monitoring, AI-integrated single-molecule bioelectronic sensors, including nanogapped electrodes and nanopores, deliver unprecedented precision, efficiency, and profound insights into complex biological processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_3.txt,ave_3,2024_3.txt,"Building two-dimensional, ordered carbon–carbon networks with precise, deterministic monomer coupling at the interface enables the creation of 2D porous, semiconducting nanomembranes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"Representative carbon nanobelts, segment molecules of carbon nanotubes, which are gaining attention for their unique structures and properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_11.png,D,"Intravasated tumor cells, known as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), must adapt to the
harsh microenvironment of the circulatory system to spread from the primary tumor
to distant organs. Recent findings suggest that CTC clusters have greater metastatic
potential and are associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes when compared to single
CTCs. In this issue, Schuster et al. review the attributes that may allow CTC clusters to metastasize better than single
CTCs. Cover depicts schools of fish (CTC clusters), which have a greater chance of
survival when traveling together in the ocean (circulatory system) compared to fish
swimming alone (CTC). Cover adapted with permission from gettyimages/NatuskaDPI.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"As each cancer is associated with unique microbiomes, bacteria is
becoming an attractive tool in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Engineered live
bacterial therapeutics are being employed to detect cancer as well as being modified
to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. In this issue, Siguenza et al. review the latest in the
use of engineered bacterial therapeutics for detecting and treating colorectal cancer.
Cover designed by Thom Leach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_6.txt,multiBv1,10_6.txt,"We invite readers to explore the newest addition to the Trends collection Trends in Cancer, which aims to cover a range of topics in cancer research including the latest developments
in basic, translational and clinical sciences, pharma R&D, technology, ethics, and
policy. The inaugural issue of Trends in Cancer tackles the big questions in cancer research today by leading researchers in the
field. The cover depicts an image of a crab or cancer in Latin. The name cancer comes from early observations by Greek physician Hippocrates
of finger-like projections emanating from the diseased mass, calling to mind the shape
of a crab (carcinos in Greek, and later, cancer in Latin). The concept was developed by Danielle Loughlin and Kip Lyall, and the
image was designed by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,"Advancements in early cancer detection are key to improved patient
outcome and survival. Recent developments in using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
are under development for the detection of specific cancers. In this issue, Zhang
et al.
propose the use of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) assays, based on circulating
cell-free DNA (cfDNA), for the sensitive detection and accurate localization of multiple
cancer types. The cover depicts a dolphin (MCED) using its echolocation system to
detect and locate the target fish (ctDNA) in a wide range of fishes (cfDNA) in the
deep
sea (blood). Dolphins are very clever and have always been regarded as friends of
humans, and their echolocation system is analogous to using the MCED assay to detect
ctDNA and locate the TOO of cancers. (Headline: Sonar Detective: Finding the target
fish). Image is created by Lei Chen & Guoyan Wang in Soochow University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_11.txt,groundtruth,10_11.txt,test
Nature Synthesis,3_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_9.png,B,"Data-driven automated synthesis
This Focus issue describes how techniques such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics and automation can be combined to accelerate chemical and materials synthesis.
The cover image is from a Review Article describing the development of self-driving laboratories in chemical and materials sciences.
See Abolhasani and Kumacheva
Image: Milad Abolhasani, North Carolina State University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,groundtruth,3_9.txt,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"Electroreduction of CO2 for C–X bond formation
Electrochemical cross-coupling is a possible sustainable synthetic route for important chemicals containing carbon–heteroatom bonds. This Review outlines different coupling strategies and discusses how the topic is approached from the perspectives of theoretical modelling, electrolyser construction, and technoeconomic analysis.
See Kornienko et al.
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Bonn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,test
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_5.png,B,"NK cell-intrinsic sex differences
Cheng et al. show that an extra copy of the X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX in female mice increases natural killer (NK) cell effector function. As NK cells are crucial for antiviral immunity, this may explain decreased severity of viral infections in female versus male mammals.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Helena Pinheiro. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.txt,ave_2,24_8.txt,"Classifying NK cells
Single-cell technologies have provided a complex understanding of natural killer (NK) cells that has led to variations in nomenclature and inconsistencies across the scientific literature. Here, Vivier and colleagues used these technologies to dissect the heterogeneity of NK cells, identifying three prominent NK cell subsets in healthy human blood.
See Rebuffet et al.
Image: Eric Vivier, INSERM. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_5.txt,groundtruth,25_5.txt,"Promoting neoantigen-specific stem-like T cells
Seder and colleagues demonstrate improved antitumor efficacy by delivering a nanoparticle cancer vaccine intravenously. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed a stem-like gene signature in neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells.
See Seder
IMAGE CREDIT: Medmovie and Microverse Studios. COVER DESIGN: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/22_12.txt,multiBv1,22_12.txt,"Formation of memory precursor NK cells
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that possess traits of adaptive immunity, such as memory formation. O’Sullivan and colleagues show that the transcription factor Fli1 has important roles in controlling the establishment of NK cell memory.
See O’Sullivan
Image Credit: Helena Pinheiro. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/23_9.txt,allv2,23_9.txt,val
Nature Reviews Physics,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.png,D,"The cover of this issue features topological defects in active matter. See Shankar et al
Image: Suraj Shankar, Harvard University. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_7.txt,ave_2,4_7.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates an atomistic model of domain walls formed by strain in a lattice. See Guillaume Nataf et al.
Image: Suzhi Li, Ekhard Salje, Massimiliano Stengel, Peter Gumbsch, Xiangdong Ding. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/2_2.txt,multiBv1,2_2.txt,"The cover shows a tiled microscopy image of a monolayer MoS2 sample, contacted with metal contacts. See Wang & Chhowalla
Image: Yan Wang, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al.
Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,train
NATURE METHODS,21_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE METHODS/21_8.png,A,"Focus on methods for immunology
A scanning electron microscope image captures the dynamic interplay between a CD19-hexapod biomimetic antigen-presenting structure and an anti-CD19 CAR-T cell.
See Huang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_8.txt,groundtruth,21_8.txt,A modified protocol that makes expansion microscopy compatible with conventional antibodies and fluorescent proteins was used to generate super-resolution images of dividing cells. Cover by Aaron Halpern. Brief Communication p485,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/13_7.txt,sbert,13_7.txt,"Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy
Smart lattice light-sheet microscopy captures rare cellular events. The image shows immune synapses formed between cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cyan) and tumor cells (magenta) within a population of cultured cells. Cytotoxic granules are shown in yellow.
See Shi et al.
Image: Yu Shi and Wesley Legant, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/21_11.txt,allv2,21_11.txt,"Versatile multiscale imaging of cleared tissues
On the cover, an optically cleared mouse brain imaged with a hybrid open-top light-sheet microscope.
See Glaser et al.
Image: Adam Glaser, University of Washington. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE METHODS/19_8.txt,multiBv1,19_8.txt,val
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_3.png,D,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_6.txt,ave_2,2022_6.txt,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_5.txt,ave_1,2023_5.txt,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_12.png,D,Using the biomolecule DNA to tether porphyrin-based electrocatalysts to electrode surfaces improves their efficiency for carbon dioxide valorization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_9.txt,ave_3,2024_9.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"A PdZn/ZrO2/SAPO-34 multifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of CO2 to propane yields >50% total propane selectivity at close to 40% CO2 conversion at 350 ⁰C, 50 bar, and 1500 mL g−1 h−1. Extensive characterization and kinetic–thermodynamic modeling revealed details of a highly integrated reaction scheme between the catalyst components.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,"CO3 layer undergoes direct carbonate hydrogenation with limited decomposition, pointing out a new path for gas-solid CO2 upgradation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,val
Environment & Health,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_2.png,C,The epoxidation products produced by 1-nitropyrene metabolic transformation in the body increase the risk of DNA binding and affect human health. The health risks of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken seriously.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_1.txt,multiBv1,2023_1.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,"Prenatal exposure to F-53B exerts detrimental effects on synaptic development in fetal mice. F-53B could bind with the protein of PKA and CREB1 in hippocampal neurons of mice which prevents PKA translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, and further inhibits the phosphorylation of nuclear CREB.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,val
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_4.png,B,"Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. C. Background: Role of Molecular Simulations in the Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Gas-Phase Thermocatalysis: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (14), 6111–6118. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c10778). Counter-clockwise from middle left: Molecularly Designed Cluster–Surface Interaction for Halogen-like and Alkali-like Metal-Encapsulating Silicon Cage Superatoms on n- and p-Type Organic Substrates (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (26), 10889–10899. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02196), image by Takashi Tsujino; Ligand-Structure-Dependent Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Pyrazolate-Bridged Pt(II) Dimers (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (28), 11487–11497. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c02256); Understanding the Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Metal Nanoclusters: A Perspective (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (40), 16928–16942. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05301); Understanding the Phase Equilibrium and Kinetics of Electrochemically Driven Phase Transition in CoOxHy during Electrocatalytic Reactions (J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126 (43), 18198–18207. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04813).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_4.txt,ave_2,2023_4.txt,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"In this perspective, we discuss how one can correlate computational catalysis results with experimental techniques, such as calorimetry, temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectroscopy, and XPS measurements. For example, configuration space mapping for the alloying of Ru into Fe(100) through a lattice gas model enables the construction of coverage-dependent microkinetic models involving oxygenated aromatics and identifies a catalytically relevant ground state structure. This structure features Fe (gold spheres) alloyed with Ru at the surface (pink spheres) and Ru at subsurface sites (large red spheres). The lattice gas model accounts for 2-body and 3-body interactions (examples shown), as well as higher-order interactions, which are quantified using first-principles calculations. The lateral interactions between oxygenated aromatics can also be quantified within a mean-field model, allowing for the correlation with core-level binding energy shifts observed in XPS measurements. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2025_6.txt,allv2,2025_6.txt,Highly stable nano-catalyst supports were designed through a comprehensive understanding of both thermodynamics and kinetics using atomistic simulation and microcalorimetry. The image shows zinc aluminate nanoparticles showing energy maps by colors over a 3D thermopile background. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry C/2023_44.txt,ave_3,2023_44.txt,test
ACS ES&T Water,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_9.png,A,"Simulating cadmium (Cd) fate process in lake sediments: Our study reveals a substantial rise in Cd concentration at the surface sediment, impacting benthic organisms. Employing diverse risk assessment methods, we illuminate the ecological consequences of heavy metal fate during acute input events.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,An Li and Karl J. Rockne of the University of Illinois Chicago ready a sampling rig called a spider to collect sediment cores to study persistent organic pollutants in Lake Superior.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,In situ flumes to investigate postfire changes in riverine carbon cycling are presented. A novel in situ flume-based approach was applied to elucidate wildfire charcoal-induced changes in riverine organic matter composition and concentration as well as native biofilm enzyme activities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_6.txt,ave_3,2021_6.txt,"The autonomous boat is navigating and monitoring the heavy metal pollution in the lake. Its automation and compact design could relieve the interference on the wildlife from humans for the environmental security control, showing a harmonious scenario promoted by this technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_1.txt,ave_2,2021_1.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_7.png,C,"‘A zoo of viruses’, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_7.txt,sbert,20_7.txt,"Targeting SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Review on p391.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"A path to HIV elimination and cure, inspired by the Review on p328.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_7.txt,groundtruth,22_7.txt,"Anti-trypanosomatid drug discovery, inspired by the Review on p35.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_12.txt,multiBv1,21_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_385,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_385.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article showing that yeast reshape the pheromone gradient through proteolysis to find partners of the opposite “sex” for mating. The image shows yeast cells expressing fluorescently tagged membrane proteins. [Image: Masur (Own work) {GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC-BY-2.5 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)}, via Wikimedia Commons]

Note: The cover image was incorrectly credited as originally published and did not include the specific license information. The credit was updated on 11 April 2013.",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_186.txt,ave_3,4_186.txt,"COVER This week's issue features a Perspective that discusses how protein kinases can be activated through autophosphorylation of their activation loops in cis. The image (based on PDB 1ir3) shows the crystal structure of the active state of insulin receptor kinase bound to a peptide substrate (yellow), highlighting such features as the activation loop (red), the catalytic loop (green), and the αC helix (purple). [Credit: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2_54.txt,multiBv1,2_54.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how the stress-activated protein kinase Hog1 prevents progression through the cell cycle by arresting budding yeast cells in the G1 phase when they are exposed to hyperosmotic stress. The image shows budding yeast. [Image: Maxim Zakhartsev and Doris Petroi, International University Bremen, Germany]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_192.txt,allv2,4_192.txt,"COVER This week features a  Perspective on kinase chaperones in yeast. The image shows Cdc37 and Hsp90 chaperoning a yeast kinase. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_385.txt,groundtruth,2007_385.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.png,C,"‘Network communication’, inspired by the Review on p557.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_4.txt,allv2,24_4.txt,"‘Decoding speech’, inspired by the Review on p473.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_6.txt,ave_2,25_6.txt,"‘The language network’, inspired by the Review on p289.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_8.txt,groundtruth,25_8.txt,"‘Sticking together’ inspired by the Review on p649.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_2.txt,ave_3,20_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.png,A,"Olfactory Immunology, inspired by the Review on p381.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_7.txt,groundtruth,24_7.txt,"Immunology of the lung, inspired by the Review on p347.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_7.txt,allv2,21_7.txt,"‘Immunological Exercise’, inspired by the Review on p563
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_4.txt,ave_3,19_4.txt,"The stars of Immunology, inspired by the Perspective on p245.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_9.txt,sbert,21_9.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_9.png,D,"Rewiring for life on land
To colonize the land, plants had to evolve ways to obtain nutrients from barren terrains. The nutrient-response networks of liverworts, such as Marchantia polymorpha, show how this was achieved through extensive reorganization of the core components they share with distantly related, water-living algae
See Dong, Y. et al.
Image: Daisuke Urano, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_1.txt,ave_3,10_1.txt,"The nature of nodules
The symbiosis between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and leguminous plants such as Mimosa pudica arose more than 90 million years ago. By comparing transcriptomes from several such plant species, the ancestral state can be established and the developments leading to its current diversity followed.
See Libourel et al.
Image: Anne-Claire Cazalé, Laboratoire des interactions Plantes Microorganismes. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_6.txt,allv2,9_6.txt,"Fern relationships
Ferns are closely related to flowering plants but remain much less studied. Genome sequences of two ferns help redress this imbalance, and illuminate their mechanisms of defence and nitrogen fixation.
See Li et al.
Image: Laura Dijkhuizen. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/4_6.txt,ave_2,4_6.txt,"Symbiosis in time and space
The symbiotic interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with plant roots enables the mutual exchange of carbon for nutrients such as phosphate. The course of this highly dynamic relationship can be followed by a combination of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.
See Serrano, K. et al.
Image: Kent Leech, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Creative Services. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_9.txt,groundtruth,10_9.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.png,B,"COVER: T cell migration, inspired by the Review on p582.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,"Regulatory T cells in the Brain, inspired by the Review on p326.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_8.txt,groundtruth,24_8.txt,"'Flavours of T cells' by Simon Bradbrook, inspired by the Review on p585.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/14_4.txt,sbert,14_4.txt,"‘Neuro-immune interactions’, inspired by the Review on p20.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_12.txt,allv2,21_12.txt,train
One Earth,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_4.png,A,"On the cover: This month’s cover features The Role of Carbon Dioxide Removal from the series “Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change.” This artwork
is based on a figure from the United Nations Emission Gap Report 2017, which illustrates
the emission reductions from conventional mitigation technologies combined with carbon
dioxide removal (the black curve), against a business-as-usual scenario (the blue
curve), to keep global warming below 2°C relative to pre-industrial levels (with at
least 66% chance). Global net emissions levels turn to net zero and afterwards net
negative by the end of this century. Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover features Methane Leaks from Alisa Singer's “Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change.” Methane Leaks illustrates the leakage of methane emissions from wells and pipelines in New Mexico,
which far exceed current estimates, according to a new study. Cover by Alisa Singer,
http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_1.txt,ave_3,5_1.txt,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,ave_2,6_4.txt,"On the cover: This month's cover features Pathways for Reducing Emissions from the series “Environmental Graphiti—The Art of Climate Change.” Pathways for Reducing Emissions is based on a figure from the Fourth National Climate Assessment of the US Global
Change Research Program, which illustrates future climate-change mitigation scenarios
and the likely role of negative-emissions technologies. Cover by Alisa Singer (http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/) courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,train
ACS Infectious Diseases,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_1.png,B,Schematic illustrating how human bitter taste receptors bind to bacterial acyl homoserine lactones and thereby act as sensors for bacterial signals on the human cell surface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,"This study models the cyclases/histidine kinases associated with the sensory extracellular (CHASE) domain of the sensor protein DspS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It identifies a potential binding site for cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA) and discovers two novel biofilm-dispersing compounds, providing important insights into CDA recognition. The background image, featuring bacterial colonies, was created using Adobe Creative Cloud.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Visualizing microbial competition on a solid support has been critical to the discovery of antibiotics over the past century. Here we describe DAPA, an effective, accessible, and low cost tool to screen, dereplicate, and prioritize bacteria directly from the solid support in the front end of the antibiotic discovery pipeline.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt,multiBv1,2020_1.txt,val
Organometallics,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organometallics/2025_1.png,D,"Pentalenides are intriguing 10 π ligands for one or two metal centers but are often difficult to prepare and handle. In this issue, Hintermair et al. describe a facile synthetic pathway to tetraphenylpentalenide, the first arylated member of this elusive ligand class. The cover art (Copyright Cezmi Sürmeli) illustrates the rise of this ligand from dihydropentalene to hydropentalenide to pentalenide.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2022_22.txt,multiBv1,2022_22.txt,"More than a century ago, the prominent chemist Franz Hein studied chromium phenyls and observed--as we know today--the formation of bis(π-arene)chromium via diverse intermediates. These transformations, involving dissociation, redox and σ-π-rearrangement reactions, go along with color changes of all shades of red and green, finally yielding dark brown hourglass-shaped bis(π",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2022_17.txt,allv2,2022_17.txt,"The chemistry of technetium hydrides has hitherto been scarcely described and is poorly understood. On the basis of some pioneering work done in the group of Alan Davison at MIT, the authors developed a reliable synthetic approach to two fundamental compounds: [TcH3(PPh3)4] and [TcH(CO)3(PPh3)2]. The compounds and their reactions have been studied by DFT methods, various spectroscopic techniques, and X-ray diffraction. 99Tc NMR spectroscopy has been proven to be particularly valuable for the characterization of dicarbonyl and tricarbonyl species resulting from reactions of [TcH(CO)3(PPh3)2] with Brønsted acids.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2021_7.txt,sbert,2021_7.txt,"Phenyl pulling in the transmetalation universe: The elementary step of transmetalation from boron to copper is represented as a fierce battle of the two elements for a phenyl group. This contest is observed, although not in outer space, in the vacuum of a mass spectrometer. The gas-phase approach permits the exclusion of interfering effects present in solution and provides fundamental mechanistic insights into B–",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organometallics/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,val
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_3.png,A,"Protecting pluripotency during embryonic dormancy
A study by Stötzel et al. shows how active DNA demethylation and transcription factor occupancy regulate pluripotency maintenance in dormancy conditions such as diapause.
See Stötzel et al.
Image credit: Kevin Sawford / imageBROKER / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"Retinoids induce 2CLC reprogramming
Retinoic acid signaling regulates the 2-cell-stage program and is essential for zygotic genome activation and developmental progression of mammalian embryos.
See Iturbide et al.
Image: Cover image inspired by Waddington’s epigenetic landscape. Credit:Arterra Picture Library / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_7.txt,multiBv1,28_7.txt,"A critical window of translational control during brain development
A critical prenatal window in mouse neocortex development controlled by translation emerges from characterization of the transcriptome-to-proteome transition at codon resolution.
See Harnett, Ambrozkiewicz et al.
Image: Dietmar Walser / Mauritius images GmbH / Alamy. Cover design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/29_1.txt,sbert,29_1.txt,"Shaping the meiotic genome
Two reports use HiC to probe chromatin organization and dynamics as mammalian spermatocytes progress from early meiotic prophase to mature sperm.
See Patel, Kang  et al . and Alavattam  et al .
Image: Erin Dewalt, composite using figures 1c and 6c from Patel, Kang et al.Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_10.txt,allv2,26_10.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_396,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_396.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue on cell migration and chemotaxis. Content in this issue highlights how model organisms, modeling, cell biology, and biochemistry have uncovered the signaling molecules, networks, and regulatory mechanisms that control directional cell movement. The image shows Dictyostelium cells streaming toward a pipette containing the chemoattractant cAMP. [Image: Chun-Lin Chen, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_213.txt,allv2,5_213.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week's issue features a Research Article that describes a model for the migration of cells in a chemotactic gradient. In particular, the model describes how cells can exhibit migration either in a straight line or in an alternating left-right pattern, which occurs when the leading edge of a cell forms branched protrusions, only one of which persists. The image shows the results from a simulation of the leading edge of a migrating cell, with areas of membrane retraction (blue) and branched protrusions (red). [Image: Mikiya Otsuji, University of Tokyo, Japan]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_152.txt,ave_3,3_152.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_400.txt,ave_2,2007_400.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on Dictyostelium chemotaxis. The image shows the various ways that movement can be controlled during Dictyostelium migration. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_396.txt,groundtruth,2007_396.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_9.png,B,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,"Mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay, featuring one-dimensional rod morphology and two-dimensional lamellar morphology, are utilized for stabilizing Pickering foam and fabricating porous adsorbent materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,sbert,2025_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_5.png,C,"High resolution neutron single crystal diffraction revealed the structural details of disordered methylammonium cation in the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. The image shows the off-center placement and orientation of the C–N bond from the high symmetry sites, suggesting the formation of hydrogen bond-like interactions between the –NH3+ substituent of the organic cation and the iodine atoms at the vertices of corner sharing [PbI6] octahedral (Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 2945–2951).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2016_8.txt,ave_3,2016_8.txt,The pyrene-appended Fe(III) complex detects L-arginine compared to other amino acids via TURN-ON fluorescence through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process. This graphic was created using Freepik’s AI Tool.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,"Detection mechanism diagram of Na3GaF6:Ho3+,Yb3+@SiO2 based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer principle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Fingerprint plots, packing diagrams, and molecular structure from trifluorotoluenesulfonyl crystal structures arranged in a Space Invaders theme (",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_2.txt,ave_2,2019_2.txt,test
Nature Geoscience,17_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_6.png,A,"Water frost on Martian mountaintops
High-resolution spacecraft imagery has revealed transient deposits that appear in the early mornings of cold seasons at high altitudes on Mars, consistent with water frost of atmospheric origin. The image shows bluish water frost deposited on the caldera of Olympus Mons — the tallest known volcano in the Solar System — on a cold winter morning. The observations highlight the dynamic microclimate of the Tharsis volcanic province and its role in the broader Martian water cycle.
See Valantinas et al.
Image: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/A. Valantinas. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_6.txt,groundtruth,17_6.txt,"Looking up at the Martian sky
Meteorological measurements from NASA’s Perseverance rover on Mars reveal a diversity of processes at work in the atmospheric boundary layer at Jezero Crater over a range of temporal scales. The cover shows SkyCam images of the Martian sky that enable monitoring of suspended dust and clouds, with rover hardware sometimes also visible in the camera frame.
See Rodriguez-Manfredi et al.
Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/INTA-CAB/SSI. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/16_12.txt,ave_3,16_12.txt,"Liquid water on equatorial Mars is inconsistent with large-scale climatic conditions. Humidity and temperature measurements by the Curiosity rover support the formation of subsurface liquid brines by hydration of perchlorates during the night. The image is a colour view of a Martian dune, taken by the Curiosity rover after crossing it during the 538th Martian day, or sol, of Curiosity's mission on Mars (Feb 9, 2014).
Letter p357
IMAGE: NASA/JPL-CALTECH/MSSS
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/8_8.txt,multiBv1,8_8.txt,"Dark streaks that appear on the surface of Mars during warm seasons have been observed at the mid-latitudes and tentatively attributed to the flow of briny water. Imagery from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter over multiple Mars years suggests that these seasonally active features are also present in equatorial regions, where liquid surface water is not expected. The image shows dark, narrow flows called recurring slope lineae that are more than 1 km long in this portion of Eos and Capri Chasma in eastern Valles Marineris, Mars. The image is in enhanced infrared-shifted colour, and downhill is to the right or the bottom.
Article p53
IMAGE: NASA/JPL/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/7_12.txt,allv2,7_12.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_3.png,A,"Left-right asymmetry in brain function and neuronal circuits is a conserved
feature among bilaterians, playing crucial roles in perception, cognition, and behavior.
In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, François Lapraz, Cloé Fixary-Schuster, and
Stéphane Noselli explore recent findings in nematode, zebrafish, and Drosophila
models, highlighting the relationship between body and brain asymmetries and the
evolutionary conservation of laterality mechanisms and function. The cover image
showcases asymmetrical Drosophila H-neurons overlayed onto a reference brain
(fruitfly.tefor.net). It features a composite of single neuron clones, with one left
(magenta) and one right (cyan) H-neuron sending projections specifically into the
right
asymmetrical body, with no projection to the left one. Cover image acquired by Céline
Boutres and designed by François Lapraz, Cloé Fixary-Schuster, and Stéphane Noselli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_3.txt,groundtruth,47_3.txt,"Ctenophores (also known as comb jellies) are free-living marine organisms which propel
their body through the water column using long, fused cilia. These magnifi cent animals
have gained signifi cant attention in neurobiology as they possess an elaborate nervous
system, and many recent phylogenetic analyses place them as the sister group to the
rest of animals. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Pawel Burkhardt highlights the cellular architecture and molecular composition of
the ctenophore nervous system, as well as insights it offers into the early evolution
of neurons and chemical neurotransmission. The cover image features adult Mnemiopsis leidyi visualized using illumination from above, which causes iridescence of the comb plates.
Cover image by Alexandre Jan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/45_1.txt,allv2,45_1.txt,"Proper migration, morphological development, and connectivity of interneurons in diverse
neural circuits is critical for normal cortical function. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Gallo and colleagues highlight recent advances in our understanding of chandelier
cells (ChCs), a unique subtype of GABAergic interneurons that selectively innervates
the axon initial segment (AIS) of excitatory pyramidal neurons (PyNs). The authors
discuss the embryonic origin, migration, and morphogenesis of ChCs during development
in addition to the mechanisms governing ChC synaptogenesis and connectivity in the
neocortex. Special attention is also given to the growing association between ChC
dysfunction and neural disorders, including schizophrenia, epilepsy, and autism spectrum
disorder. The cover features a ChC-like chandelier shedding light onto the surrounding
darkness after contacting PyN-like handymen. Cover image by James Duffy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/43_5.txt,sbert,43_5.txt,"Neuroscience textbooks usually implicate synaptic plasticity in memory formation and
maintenance. On the cover, after viewing a description of synaptic plasticity in a
hippocampal network a curious sea slug Aplysia, favored model organism amongst neurophysiologists,
invites the reader to consider nonsynaptic attributes, such as membrane excitability
as additional contributing factors. On pages 17–26, Mozzachiodi and Byrne propose
that nonsynaptic changes may function as part of the engram itself or serve as mechanisms
to facilitate synaptic modifications necessary for memory. Cover design by Lorenzo
Morales, Riccardo Mozzachiodi and John Byrne. Book page from From Molecules to Networks,
2nd edition, Elsevier, 2009.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/33_12.txt,multiBv1,33_12.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_2.png,B,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,A simple process using membrane distillation by gas–liquid exchange successfully removed tritiated water (HTO) from HTO-containing water. The gas–liquid exchange occurred in each glass fiber filter through the reflux behavior of HTO vapor. The ratio of HTO in water was reduced to about 12 ± 0.3% from that of the original HTO-containing water.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,allv2,2024_1.txt,train
Cell Stem Cell,31_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Stem Cell/31_3.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Pang et al. report a method for generating human medullary spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV)-specific
organoids. They further develop an organoid system that mimics the trigeminothalamic
projections between the SpV and the thalamus, a pivotal connection within sensory
circuits. The image depicts an information center that welcomes visitors embarking
on their journey to the hot air balloon scenic spot, symbolizing the essential role
of SpV as the information hub that transmits peripheral sensory information to the
thalamus and, subsequently, to higher brain structures where sensory processing occurs.
Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/31_3.txt,groundtruth,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Brain waves emerge from brain organoids. In this issue, Trujillo et
al. (558–569) find that brain organoids exhibit periodic and highly regular nested
oscillatory network waves. The network transitions to more spatiotemporally complex
activity, capturing features of preterm infant development. The illustration depicts
ocean waves bathing a beach shore that represents human brain development. The ocean
waves are mixed with traces of action potentials, in reference to the technology used
for neuronal network activity acquisition. Cover artwork by Cleber Trujillo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/25_3.txt,sbert,25_3.txt,"On the cover: Pinwheels on the surface of the brain ventricles reveal an unexpected
center-surround organization for the adult neural stem cell niche. The center contains
small apical endings (blue) of subventricular stem cells, and the periphery has the
large apical surfaces of multiciliated ependymal cells (warm colors), including a
novel type of ependymal cell with two cilia. Adult neural stem cells retain fundamental
epithelial properties, including apical and basal compartmentalization, significantly
reshaping our understanding of this adult neurogenic niche. Artwork by Kenneth Xavier
Probst. For details see Mirzadeh et al. (265). In addition, related papers by Tavazoie
et al. (279) and Shen et al. (289) look at the contribution of the vasculature to
this stem cell niche.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/3_4.txt,ave_2,3_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Bao et al. (604–617) show that long-range GABAergic projections
from medial septum (MS) are necessary and sufficient for regulating neurogenesis through
dentate local PV interneurons. The cover image is an artistic modification of the
MS GABAergic projections acquired from Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography (MOST)
by Dr. Hui Gong from HUST. Flying birds allude to messengers sending GABA transmitter
to the neurogenic niche. The lake and forest pictured below represent local PV interneurons
nourishing neural stem cells. Cover designed by Hechen Bao and Mengting Dai.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Stem Cell/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,val
ACS Omega,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Omega/2025_1.png,B,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Flavin-dependent tryptophan halogenases like AbeH show great potential as synthetic tools for regioselective green aryl halide production, despite suboptimal catalytic efficiency. Crystallography and ITC have determined that negative coupling between flavin and substrate binding limits turnover by preventing tryptophan from binding to AbeH as long as flavin remains bound.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Using cyanobacteria as the chassis organisms to design and develop light-driven bio-catalysis platforms for chemical synthesis: Photosynthesis is a powerful enzymatic redox process and has been identified as a source of ATP and NADPH, the only reducing agents used in the whole-cell catalysis system.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2023_7.txt,ave_3,2023_7.txt,"β-PtO2 can effectively activate methane; CH3 generated is strongly bound to the surface, making it difficult for subsequent reactions to occur. Doping β-PtO2 with nitrogen weakens the binding, allowing the subsequent reaction to proceed. Using this feature, a catalytic cycle for the synthesis of methanol from methane is theoretically proposed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Omega/2021_31.txt,ave_2,2021_31.txt,val
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.png,B,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,sbert,2024_21.txt,"Nanoindentation and magnetic force microscopy offer a complementary approach to comprehensively characterize the mechanical and magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogels. These techniques play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between the structure, mechanical properties, and magnetic behavior, paving the way for tailored applications in various fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and responsive materials design.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"Selectivity of atomic force microscopy modes to distinguish functionalities in a polymer bilayered system. Piezoresponse force microscopy probes the ferroelectric polymer regions, whereas conductive atomic force microscopy probes the semiconducting polymer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"Colorless and full-color magnetic nanoparticles were prepared using holmium (Ho)-doped polymers with low coloration and high magnetic moment, which could not be achieved with conventional dark brown iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2020_8.txt,ave_3,2020_8.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.png,D,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.png,A,"Cancer cells showed an incredible adaptive tumor response to the inhibition of the sequentially mutated EGFR, triggering the need of designing novel mutant-selective TKIs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Paradoxically, cancers overexpress the pro-apoptotic protein, procaspase-3. Recent evidence has begun elucidating the reasons behind this overexpression, justifying procaspase-3 activators as a possible selective anticancer therapy. PAC-1, a procaspase activator, is pictured here.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2019_2.txt,sbert,2019_2.txt,"Schematic representation of a rationally engineered switchable antibody system controlled by a small molecule, venetoclax. Such a strategy aims to bring better spatiotemporal control and safer protein-based therapeutics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2023_7.txt,ave_1,2023_7.txt,"Directed evolution of protein-protein binding interactions using a high-throughput screening platform termed μSCALE (Microcapillary Single Cell Analysis and Laser Extraction). μSCALE was used to identify variants of the extracellular domain of the Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (orange) with high affinity binding to its ligand, growth arrest specific 6 (Gas6; green). Art Designers: Sungwon Lim, Stanford University, and Jeff Almquist, Zoetika Studios.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2017_11.txt,allv2,2017_11.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_4.png,C,"There are hundreds of millions of religious disbelievers in the world and atheists
form the fourth largest group, after Christians, Muslims, and Hindus [Zuckerman, P.
(2007) In The Cambridge Companion to Atheism (Martin, M., ed.), pp. 47–65, Cambridge University Press]. Yet, although the study
of the origins of religious belief is well established, it is only recently that researchers
have started investigating the origins of religious disbelief. On pages 20–25, Ara
Norenzayan and Will M. Gervais identify four distinct forms of atheism and argue that
religious belief and disbelief share the same underlying pathways and can be explained
within a single evolutionary framework. Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/17_13.txt,allv2,17_13.txt,"Analogies between scientific theories and children’s folk theories have been central
to the study of cognitive development for decades. In an opinion article on pages
382–389, Laura Schulz argues that the comparison with science is informative not only
about how children represent knowledge but also how they acquire it: many of the epistemic
practices essential to and characteristic of scientific inquiry emerge in infancy
and early childhood. Cover image: iStockphoto",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/16_6.txt,ave_3,16_6.txt,"Exploring the contrast in confidence levels regarding the existence of
invisible scientific phenomena, such as oxygen, and invisible religious phenomena,
like God, raises questions about the role of direct experience versus testimony in
shaping beliefs across different domains. Conventional explanations often attribute
belief formation in scientific phenomena to direct experience and belief formation
in religious phenomena to testimony. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Ma and colleagues propose that beliefs in both scientific and religious domains are
predominantly shaped by testimony, challenging the traditional view. By highlighting
the influence of testimony over direct experience, they underscore the significance
of
credibility and cultural input in shaping individuals' ontological beliefs across
domains.
Cover image from Fotosearch/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_4.txt,groundtruth,28_4.txt,"Scientific progress depends on the quality of scientific concepts that reflect researchers'
understanding of their phenomena -- be it the periodic table of elements for chemistry
or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Marina Dubova & Robert L. Goldstone explore how scientific concepts influence measurement,
experimentation, theorizing, and communication in science, as well as the studied
phenomena themselves. The cover shows a scientist using a triangular mold to decompose
their world, leading to difficulties for the scientist who receives that decomposition
when trying to provide a coherent reconstruction of that world. This exemplifies challenges
for science when trying to develop new, improved scientific concepts by using data
shaped by the original concepts. A third scientist, an allegory for progressive improvement
in scientific concepts, suggests a potentially better, curved mold for breaking down
the world. Cover art by Joe Lee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/27_6.txt,multiBv1,27_6.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.png,C,"The cover depicts the logo of the of the Synthetic Biology: Engineering, Evolution and Design (SEED) Conference. This special issue is based on work presented at the SEED 2014 Conference, held July 14-17th, 2014 at Manhattan Beach, CA.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_12.txt,ave_2,2015_12.txt,"In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2018_12.txt,sbert,2018_12.txt,"The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled ""Pipetting Hand,"" was created by Michael Rosnach,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2015_2.txt,allv2,2015_2.txt,test
Trends in Genetics,40_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_3.png,C,"This Special Issue of Trends in Genetics covers a range of themes related to organogenesis, from the formation of the central
nervous system to the evolution of the insect eye. The articles in this issue highlight
the commonalities of organ formation that are shared across species and kingdoms,
and provide insight on the mechanisms that underlie organogenesis, including regulation
by non-coding RNA and cell expansion driven by polyploidy. Cover image: iStock/kreatiw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/31_7.txt,allv2,31_7.txt,"Although sexual reproduction has evolved multiple times among eukaryotes, the steps
leading to the evolution of sex chromosomes from autosomes are thought to be shared
between organisms as diverse as animals, plants, and fungi. By studying species where
sexual reproduction has recently evolved, researchers are now able to connect the
genetic and developmental mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination with theoretical
work and studies at the population level. On pages 350–376 of this issue, a broad
panel of experts in the field review key questions regarding the emergence of gender
and sex chromosomes. Photo credit: ©iStockphoto.com/pkujiahe",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_4.txt,multiBv1,27_4.txt,"For decades, the field of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo)
has connected mechanisms driving variation in embryonic development with the
evolution of biodiversity. In this issue, Leslie Babonis argues that extending the
Evo-Devo
framework to single cells using new technologies makes it possible to understand the
origin and diversification of cells. Image credit: mikroman6/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_3.txt,groundtruth,40_3.txt,"An enduring question in developmental biology is the mechanism by which multicellular
organisms are patterned. More than 60 years ago, Alan Turing postulated that a chemical
gradient could provide the positional information required for morphogenesis. This
concept has since been refined and numerous morphogens have been identified. Recently,
computational modelling and experimental work has elaborated the mechanism by which
these secreted factors dictate cell differentiation. Ben-Zion Shilo, Naama Barkai
and colleagues review this progress in this issue of Trends in Genetics (pages 339–347),
detailing how a morphogen shuttling mechanism can create a robust, sharp gradient
that defines the patterning events of early embryogenesis. The cover depicts a scheme
of a “self-organized shuttling” mechanism in which the Toll ligand, Spätzle, is redistributed
to the center of the ventral extracellular region by its own pro domain. The resulting
gradients of Toll activation and nuclear localization of the Dorsal protein provide
the basis for future patterning of the Drosophila embryo. Image and design by Michal Haskel-Ittah, Danny Ben-Zvi, and Noa Ben-Zvi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/29_8.txt,sbert,29_8.txt,test
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_1.png,A,The dyeing of uric acid crystals by heteroatom-substituted rhodamines has revealed their robust and specific interactions. Sensitively tracking the stained uric acid crystals during their interaction with the living cells offers extensive information about their pathological processes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,The pyrene-appended Fe(III) complex detects L-arginine compared to other amino acids via TURN-ON fluorescence through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process. This graphic was created using Freepik’s AI Tool.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.txt,sbert,2025_3.txt,"interactions are somewhat contentious, but the crystal structures of fluorous carboxylic acid and triazole have been found. A computational study shows that a large number of these are as stabilizing as a typical hydrogen bond. The image shows the relief map of the Laplacian of the electron density of a dimer extracted from the crystal structure of",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_7.txt,ave_2,2015_7.txt,Artistic representation of hemozoin crystals isolated from Plasmodium falciparum. Samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy. A group of isolated crystals was multiplied on the image and artificially colored.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_3.txt,allv2,2021_3.txt,train
iScience,27_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_11.png,C,"On the cover: The parts of the cover image represent the following: (1) bluish background:
the atmospheric lack of oxygen in the universe, illustrating hypoxia; (2) two cells
compressing the brain: ischemia during asphyxia in the neonatal/perinatal brain; (3)
pink cell (left): infiltrating macrophages; (4) blue cell (right): microglia; (5)
playfully moving ribbon: change, symbolizing the causes and the complexity of the
injury and post-ischemic inflammatory cascades, but also future solutions; (6) dots
in the ribbon: the genes, transcription factors, and molecules involved in the signaling,
resulting in matrisome and metabolic dynamics in the two cell types; (7) the background
space: the extracellular matrix, a fluid/medium mediating the crosstalk between the
different actors; and (8) the pink and blue background dots: signaling molecules from
macrophages and microglia or sex differences. See Di Martino et al. Illustrator: Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates fruit flies, bacteria, and a knot in hexagons
in traditional Japanese taste. These Kikko patterns (turtle shell) are typical signatures
of health and longevity in Japan. The study by Yamauchi et al. (2020) shows a hidden
host-microbe interaction involved in age-related pathology of the animals via purine
metabolites. Artwork by Yoriko A-. Tokita.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_3.txt,allv2,23_3.txt,"On the cover: Ukiyo-e’s “ukiyo” means “impermanence of life” or “transience and difficulty
of existence” in Japanese. The image of a heart engulfed in the turbulent waves of
ukiyo-e symbolizes the purpose of this research, sounding an alarm about the emergence
of a “heart failure pandemic” rooted in the persistent infections of SARS-CoV-2 discussed
by Murata et al. We earnestly hope that the model established in this study will prove valuable for
future research on the persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2 and overcome the turbulent
waves. Image credit: Hayanon Science Manga Studio (2024).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_11.txt,groundtruth,27_11.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,sbert,27_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_392,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_392.png,D,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that uses single-molecule microscopic tracking of GPCRs within the plasma membrane of a cell to determine what kind of ligand is bound to the receptor. With this method, measuring the dynamics of GPCR movement could be used to determine the effect that a candidate drug has without needing to know the intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by that receptor. The image shows the trajectories of individual GPCRs in different colors depending on the dynamics of movement exhibited. [Image: Yanagawa et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/11_548.txt,ave_3,11_548.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that provides insight into signaling by G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the largest and most extensively therapeutically targeted classes of receptors. Nobles et al. and Lau et al. describe how receptor phosphorylation enables agonists to trigger distinct cellular responses. Ahles et al. describe how mutations associated with disease affect receptor responsiveness to ligands. This research helps reveal how signaling by these receptors is encoded and decoded to produce ligand-specific, cell-specific, and genome-specific responses. The image shows an artist's rendition of receptor variation (circles in extracellular region) and phosphorylation sites (circles in the intracellular domain). [Image: Bricelyn Strauch, Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/4_185.txt,ave_2,4_185.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that highlights new insights in G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) to G protein signaling. The image shows the GPCR-activated G protein cycle. [Image: Preininger and Hamm/Sci. STKE],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_423.txt,allv2,9_423.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on pathways through which GPCRs signal to nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The image depicts a seven-transmembrane receptor. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_392.txt,groundtruth,2007_392.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_11.png,C,"A polymer chain is dragged to the growth front to participate in the nucleation and growth process, struggling with the polymer peculiarities of flexibility and connectivity.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2019_15.txt,ave_3,2019_15.txt,"On the cover: While there has been tremendous success describing the morphological and transport properties of chain polymers, considerably less attention has been paid to the properties of 2D polymers with sheetlike connectivity.  In this paper, we explore the morphology of a simple model for sheet polymers and estimate their transport properties.  Our results may find application to a variety of systems, including graphene, synthetic clay materials, graphite−oxide sheets, carbon nanotubes, polymerized layers, and a host of self-assembled biological membrane structures. See page 3438.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_18.txt,ave_2,2010_18.txt,"Diffusion dynamics of polymer chains represent a classical problem in polymer physics. Our research adopts a unique approach to comprehend the diffusion dynamics of star polymers, focusing on their shape parameter: relative shape anisotropy (κ2), which ranges from 0, encompassing all five platonic solids, to 1, representing a straight rod.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Dynamic state diagram for star polymers exhibiting polymeric, hybrid, or jammed responses that depend on their functionality and arm length. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2019_13.txt,allv2,2019_13.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.png,A,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,ave_2,2024_4.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,test
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_2.png,C,"The image depicts the details of a glufosinate molecule and the inhibition of glutamine synthetase. The bar plot indicates that glufosinate resistance is caused by the enhanced herbicide detoxification in Italian ryegrass. The background photo depicts an annual ryegrass field in Corvallis, Oregon",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2019_21.txt,allv2,2019_21.txt,"The concept behind this illustration comes from choline, the main highlight of our review paper. This essential macronutrient is ubiquitous in many food sources such as eggs, fish, meat, and vegetables that are shown to be revolving around the human figure. Yet, ironically, the vast majority of the population worldwide do not consume enough. In our conquest to increase awareness and promote choline-rich food, the largely elusive gut microbiome is proven to be an obstacle as they compete for this nutrient and, worse, transform it into something harmful. This cover art is made with Biorender.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_15.txt,multiBv1,2021_15.txt,"This cover highlights the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crops, emphasizing that, through genetic modification, these bacteria can provide crops with an increased source of nitrogen. It depicts a scene of a green wheat field adjacent to a patch of yellow soil. Within the wheat field, a plant is illustrated with red lines extending from its roots into the soil, symbolizing the process of nutrient absorption. The text ""NH4+"" on the image further underscores the focus on nitrogen, emphasizing the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in enhancing crop nutrition through genetic engineering. Additionally, it is worth noting that the partial elements of this cover were created using an Artificial Intelligence-based image generation tool named ""Doubao"".",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"chemical crosslinking methods, and explores the applications of AW-SAHs in enhancing soil properties, such as water retention and slow release of fertilizers, for sustainable agriculture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2024_11.txt,ave_1,2024_11.txt,test
Science Robotics,9_88,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_88.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Artificial Intelligence—Solving Decision-Making Problems in Dynamical Systems. Autonomous robots need the ability to adaptively make decisions in unstructured and dynamic environments. Rivière et al. have now developed Spectral Expansion Tree Search, a real-time space planning algorithm that can construct representations of the real world and converge to optimal solutions, enabling autonomous robot decision-making in complex environments. They demonstrated the ability of their framework experimentally with aerial and ground robots with the potential to discover optimal trajectories in complex environments. This month’s cover is an image of a robot mimicking a spacecraft deployed with their framework in a simulated frictionless environment. Credit: Vicki Chiu",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_97.txt,sbert,9_97.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Groundbreaking Soft Robot. Robotic burrowing presents different challenges to robotic walking, swimming, or flying. Burrowing through soil requires subterranean interaction forces to be overcome; these forces can be an order of magnitude higher than air or water. Inspired by burrowing animals such as the southern sand octopus and the sandfish lizard, Naclerio et al. have developed a soft robot that can burrow through shallow dry sand with high speed and maneuverability by leveraging tip extension, granular fluidization, and tip asymmetries. Their robot can travel as fast as 480 cm/s and steer in three dimensions in shallow dry sand. This month's cover is a photograph of the burrowing soft robot emerging from the sand (see also the Focus by Tao). [CREDIT: SICHENG WANG]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_55.txt,multiBv1,6_55.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Autonomy and AI in Robotics. A team of legged robots can efficiently explore unstructured terrains with task-level autonomy. Arm et al. report on a robot team comprising a “scout” that can identify potential scientific targets in an environment, a “hybrid” that collects data from the targets, and a “scientist” that performs in-depth scientific analysis of the targets. The robot team could efficiently map terrain mimicking planetary environments, identify resource-enriched areas, and scientifically analyze targets of interest. This month’s cover is an image of a team of legged robots exploring a field of boulders. Credit: Arm et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_80.txt,allv2,8_80.txt,"ONLINE COVER Snake-Like Robot—A Robot for Autonomous Navigation and Exploration of Icy Terrain. Vaquero et al. report on a snake-like robot, Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor (EELS), that was developed to autonomously explore icy moons such as Enceladus. EELS has a perception head containing sensors and cameras for detection of its surroundings, as well as screw-like segments that generate forward and backward motion horizontally on icy surfaces and vertically within ice vents. The robot was capable of autonomous motion planning and risk awareness. This month’s cover is an image of EELS being tested on Athabasca Glacier in Alberta, Canada. Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_88.txt,groundtruth,9_88.txt,train
innovation,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_4.png,B,"On the cover: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a catastrophic cardiovascular
disease with fatal outcomes. Pathophysiologically, ATAAD itself triggers an intensive
systemic inflammatory response, and cardiopulmonary bypass, hemodilution, hypothermia,
and transfusion during surgery further exacerbate inflammatory storm, potentially
leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Along with surgical evolutions, scientists
have made new discoveries and achievements in the underlying mechanism and understanding
of inflammation of ATAAD, which greatly encourage us to optimize treatment for ATAAD
patients. Over the aortic history, our team takes the lead in proposals and recommendations:
going beyond traditional surgery, anti-inflammatory action is crucially important
to target the residual cardiovascular risk by specific anti-inflammatory interventions
as a crucially adjunct therapeutic strategy to improve the well-being of patients.
The advent of artificial intelligence facilitates the risk predictions of mortality
and morbidity, which could help individualize anti-inflammatory management, highlighting
the need for precision treatment of ATAAD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_3.txt,multiBv1,4_3.txt,"On the cover: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage
liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical
for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under
immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor
Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal
clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune
rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive
treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant
patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages
of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection
and proactive intervention of graft rejection were identified. On these findings,
Peng's team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more
refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"On the cover: The history of pig domestication is fascinating and closely connected
to agriculture and biomedicine. Throughout history, pigs have primarily been raised
for meat purposes, featured in various popular cuisines worldwide. Advancements in
gene editing technologies have facilitated the rapid development of genetically modified
pigs. For biomedical purposes, researchers can create pig models that accurately mimic
human diseases by introducing targeted genetic modifications, thereby enhancing the
understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays,
genetically modified pigs are being explored as potential organ donors for xenotransplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Medicine is the practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
of disease. With the advances in medical science, human beings have both longer life
spans and a higher quality of life. From herbs to molecular signatures, humankind
is experiencing a transition from traditional medicine to personalized medicine: the
right treatment to the right patient at the right time. However, the etiology of most
diseases and disorders is still unclear. From description to association, numerous
researchers are working together to decipher the mechanisms behind disease. To address
such challenges, more and more global collaborations are needed that include experts
from all disciplines—not just doctors, scientists, and administration staff but also
engineers, technicians, and marketing managers. Not limited to a fish-eye view, humans
should widen our vision to gain insight beyond the human community to assure sustainable
healthcare.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_4.txt,sbert,3_4.txt,train
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_5.png,B,"A regiodivergent ring-opening of activated vinylcyclopropanes with boronic acids in neat water has been developed. This process requires only palladium acetate as a catalyst without any supporting ligands. See Hyland and co-workers, p 6529.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2015_12.txt,multiBv1,2015_12.txt,Advancements in loop cyclization approaches for enhanced peptide therapeutics for targeting protein,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,"Like chain production in a factory, this site-selective modification of peptides involved several coupled steps, and its versatility allowed production of a diversity of final compounds. The windows show a view of the Islands where the work was carried out. See Boto and co-workers, p 9379.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2015_6.txt,allv2,2015_6.txt,The SPPS of a library of peptidomimetics containing a trifluoroethylamino moiety as a peptide bond surrogate is represented. The cover highlights one of the most important features of this unit such as its stability to cleavage by hydrolytic enzymes. The cover was designed by Eliana Lo Presti.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2021_12.txt,sbert,2021_12.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.png,B,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,multiBv1,2025_2.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,sbert,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_11.png,B,"GABA pulses regulate insulin secretion
Release of the neurotransmitter GABA from β-cells is known to regulate insulin secretion. Menegaz et al. now show that GABA is released directly from the cytosol in a pulsatile manner via volume regulatory anion channels and is subsequently taken up by the GABA-permissive taurine transporter TauT. Depicted is a pair of human β-cells immunostained for insulin (red) and α-tubulin (blue).
See Menegaz et al.
Image: Edward Phelps, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and University of Florida. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Insulin sparkles
Using a zinc-based fluorophore with spinning-disc confocal microscopy, Peng et al. visualize insulin secretion in intact mouse islets, thereby revealing a subpopulation of β cells that make a disproportionally large contribute to overall insulin release. Each coloured dot indicates an exocytosis event against the backdrop of stained β cells of a mouse islet.
See Peng et al.
Image: Liangyi Chen, Peking University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,"Leader β-cells drive insulin secretion
Salem and colleagues demonstrate that leader β-cells respond first to glucose, and glucose increases β-cell calcium dynamics and connectivity between the leader and non-leader β-cells.
See Salem et al.
Image: Dr. Nikolay Ninov and Luis Fernando Delgadillo Silva. Cover Design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/1_7.txt,sbert,1_7.txt,"In vivo analysis of human α-cell function
Tellez et al. generate an immunocompromised mouse model that lacks glucagon and use it to study transplanted human islets from people with or without diabetes, thus providing insight into human α-cell function.
See Tellez et al.
Image: Xueying Gu and Seung Kim. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_7.txt,allv2,2_7.txt,test
Cell Genomics,4_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_4.png,D,"On the cover: The cover shows an image of “Ötzi,” a 5,350-year-old natural glacier
mummy discovered in 1991 in the South Tyrolean Alps. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wang et al. used DNA extracted from the left iliac bone of this mummy to reconstruct
a high-quality genome to gain insights into the population history and phenotype of
this unique Copper Age individual. Among other findings, it was uncovered that he
likely had darker skin than modern continental Europeans and a predisposition of male
pattern baldness. Both phenotypes are supported by the appearance of the actual mummy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_4.txt,allv2,3_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory
elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment.
Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight
contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design
in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus
macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo
is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released
under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the cover: Knowledge on the population history of the endangered chimpanzee species
is key for their conservation, but the genomic data on wild chimpanzee populations
is geographically sparse. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Fontsere et al. build an extensive georeferenced catalog of genomic diversity in
chimpanzees from more than 800 non-invasively collected samples. They reveal patterns
of isolation and connectivity between localities in different time points and implement
an approach to infer the unknown origin of confiscated chimpanzees. The cover depicts
Thea, a wild male central chimpanzee from the Rekambo community in Loango (Gabon).
Photography by Roland Hilgartner, ozouga.org.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Slimak et al. present the discovery of a late Neanderthal nicknamed Thorin found in Mediterranean
France. The Thorin population was isolated for some 50,000 years and is genetically
deeply divergent from other late Neanderthals. The recognition of distinct late Neanderthal
populations has significant implications on the Neanderthal extinction scenarios.
The cover presents a reconstruction of the jaw of Thorin, one of the most complete
Neanderthal jaws ever found. Image credit: Xavier Muth, Laure Metz, and Ludovic Slimak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_4.txt,groundtruth,4_4.txt,train
Current Biology,34_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_24.png,B,"On the cover: The Solomon's lily (Arum palaestinum), native to Israel and adjacent countries, belongs to the genus Arum, whose members, with few exceptions, rely on olfactory mimicry for pollination. In
this issue, Stökl et al. (pages 1846–1852) demonstrate that the Solomon's lily copies
the odor of fermentative yeasts in order to dupe drosophilid vinegar flies into performing
unrewarded pollination. The mimicry of yeast and the exploitation and deceit of drosophilids
represent a novel pollination syndrome. See also the dispatch by Benton (pages R891–R893).
The cover shows a hand-colored illustration of the lily made by Walter Hood Fitch
(1817-1892) originally published in Curtis's Botanical Magazine in 1865 (volume XXI, 3rd series). Original copy of illustration used for scanning
was kindly provided by the Phanerogamic Botany library of the Swedish Natural History
Museum, Stockholm.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_5.txt,multiBv1,20_5.txt,"On the cover: Orchid mantis Hymenopus coronatus, distributed in the tropical areas of China and Southeast Asia, is famous for its
floral resemblance, which has been considered as an example of flower mimicry for
over 200 years. However, in this issue, Zhao et al. document its gliding performance and show that the petal-shaped femoral lobes are
crucial for gliding. Behavioral and morphological analyses suggest that gliding might
be the evolutionary motivation of these lobes. Image by Xin Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_24.txt,groundtruth,34_24.txt,"On the cover: Pea aphids threatened by the presence of a predator (ladybird beetle)
on their host plant. To escape predation, wingless pea aphids often drop off their
host plant and free fall toward the ground. In this issue, Ribak et al. (pages R102–R103)
show that the falling aphids right their body in midair to land on their feet regardless
of their initial orientation. This is achieved by assuming a stereotypic posture that
is aerodynamically stable only when the aphids are falling right-side up. Aerial righting
may help the aphids stop their fall by clinging to lower parts of the host plant,
thus avoiding new dangers that await them on the ground. Image by Gal Ribak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/23_22.txt,allv2,23_22.txt,"On the cover: The orange and yellow morphs of the monkeyflower Mimulus cupreus(in photo) are differentiated by a single genomic locus, pla1, containing duplicated Myb genes that control the production of floral pigments.
Cooley et al. (pages 700–704) demonstrate that, surprisingly, very similar yet independent
genetic events underlie flower coloring in the related species M. l. variegatus, suggesting that evolution has used a similar solution to achieve the same end. Photograph
by Arielle Cooley.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/21_17.txt,sbert,21_17.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.png,A,"Pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_12.txt,groundtruth,21_12.txt,"Artificial intelligence in liver cancer, inspired by the Perspective on p585.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_5.txt,ave_2,21_5.txt,"Pride in gastroenterology and hepatology, inspired by the Review on p377.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.txt,ave_3,21_7.txt,"Focusing on pancreatic cancer, inspired by the Review on p469.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_6.txt,allv2,18_6.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_3.png,B,"Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of ion channels that are involved
in a variety of cell signaling and sensory pathways. They have also been implicated
in multiple diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Recent research
has highlighted the central role of TRP channels in chronic pain, lower urinary tract
disorders and type II diabetes, conditions with an unmet medical need. On pages 669–683
of this issue, Voets et al. discuss how these findings bolster the development of TRP channel-based pharmacotherapies
as valuable alternatives to the currently available therapeutic avenues. Cover image
shows the structure of TRPA1 ion channel as determined by electron cryo-microscopy
(Protein Data Bank code: 3J9P). Cover designed by Kusumika Mukherjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/40_4.txt,multiBv1,40_4.txt,"Recent studies have shed more light on the pivotal role of transient
receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels in the pathophysiology of cerebral
ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this issue, Liu et al. summarize the recent
understanding of the role of TRPM channels in cerebral I/R injury, focusing on their
contribution to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses,
and calcium overload. They also discuss challenges and future directions in
therapeutically targeting TRPM channels in cerebral I/R injury. The cover is an
illustration of TRPM 2, 4, 7 and 8 (yellow, green, pink and blue). Cells impacted
such
as neuron (blue), microglia and astrocyte (yellow) are also depicted. Other elements
depicted are activated inflammasome, degenerating myelin sheat, and misfolded
proteins (brown), features in some cerebral I/R injury. Cover designed by Hong Xi
using BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"The August special issue calls attention to both current and emerging neuroimmune
cell and molecular pharmacological targets and therapies for diseases of the central
nervous system (CNS) such as neurodegenerative disorders and glioblastoma. It also
presents discussions on insightful therapeutic approaches that could have significant
impact on future clinical and translational neuroimmunology research. The cover is
an illustration of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, highlighting some
typical and novel drug targets including surface receptors: purinergic (blue), TREM2
(green), CSF1 (brown), fractalkine (dark blue), cannabinoid (orange), cytokine (purple),
and complement (green), involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological
events in the CNS. Featured in the background are other CNS cell types and structures
such as neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, blood vessels, as well as amyloid
beta plaques, misfolded proteins and degenerating myelin sheats, hallmarks associated
with some CNS pathologies. The cover image is conceptualized and designed by Eva Šimončičová
and Elisa Gonçalves de Andrade using Biorender and Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/43_5.txt,allv2,43_5.txt,"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people worldwide every year. The
primary impact initiates the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, subsequent
recruitment of peripheral immune cells and activation of brain-resident microglia
and astrocytes. Chemokines are major mediators of peripheral blood cell recruitment
to damaged tissue, including the TBI brain. In this issue, Stefka Gyoneva and Richard
Ransohoff review the involvement of specific chemokine pathways in TBI pathology and
attempts to modulate these pathways for therapeutic purposes. Cover image courtesy
of iStockPhoto/wildpixel.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/36_6.txt,ave_2,36_6.txt,test
Nature Reviews Nephrology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.png,C,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,"Key advances in nephrology, inspired by the Year in Reviews on pp79–90.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_11.txt,ave_2,17_11.txt,"Targeting IgA nephropathy, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Pride in nephrology, inspired by the Comment articles starting on p353.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.png,C,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,sbert,1_2.txt,"Low-Earth orbit (LEO) broadband communications and their integration with 5G and 6G cellular networks are at the forefront of the new space era. The cover shows a representation of a LEO constellation. See Lagunas
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_3.txt,groundtruth,1_3.txt,"High-resolution satellite sensors and artificial intelligence enable detailed tree monitoring at national and continental levels. The illustration depicts the results of the image processing of the data collected through tree mapping. See Brandt et al.
Image: Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure. Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,val
Current Biology,34_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_2.png,D,"On the cover: The yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia) and closely related wood warbler species derive their colorful plumage primarily
from carotenoid and melanin pigments. In this issue, Baiz et al. (pages 643–649) show
that BCO2, a carotenoid-processing gene, introgressed among several warbler species
via hybridization during their evolutionary history, likely explaining differences
in carotenoid-based coloration among some species. In contrast, independent mutations
and divergent selection in ASIP, a gene in the melanogenesis pathway, may help explain
species differences in melanic coloration. Photograph by Todd Fellenbaum.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_22.txt,ave_2,31_22.txt,"On the cover: Orange and red morphs of the red-throated parrotfinch (Erythrura psittacea). Red ketocarotenoids are critical for coloration and color vision, but vertebrates
cannot synthesize them endogenously. Instead, diet-derived yellow carotenoids are
either directly deposited or biochemically modified and delivered to tissues. In this
issue, Toomey et al. (pages 4201–4214) describe the enzymatic pathway underlying ketocarotenoid
biosynthesis in vertebrates, highlighting that a simple mechanism mediated by two
enzymes (CYP2J19 and BDH1L) is sufficient to produce red coloration. This process
can be further enhanced by TTC39B and is shared by distant vertebrate groups. Photograph
© Miguel Araújo; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/32_6.txt,ave_3,32_6.txt,"On the cover: Red factor and yellow canaries. Many species of birds in nature can
biochemically modify yellow dietary carotenoids to red ketocarotenoids to produce
red coloration of bills and feathers. In this issue, Lopes et al. (pages 1427–1434)
and Mundy et al. (pages 1435–1440) independently dissect the genetic basis of red
coloration in the canary and zebra finch, respectively. Both groups identified a gene
encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYPJ19) that mediates this yellow-to-red conversion in birds. Lopes et al. further identified
a second genomic region that is required for the production of red coloration in feathers
and that localizes to a cluster of genes involved in development of the integument.
These findings have important implications for studies of sexual selection, speciation,
and social signaling in birds. Photo credit: Rebecca Koch; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_14.txt,allv2,26_14.txt,"On the cover: A group of yellow-billed long-tailed finches (Poephila acuticauda) perch on a tree branch. In this issue, Hooper et al. demonstrate the role of selection in the evolution of bill coloration, a carotenoid-based
color trait that distinguishes a pair of hybridizing subspecies. Yellow alleles, like
the ones carried by the birds in this image, regulate the oxidative ketolation reaction
required by vertebrates to metabolize red carotenoid pigments from dietary precursors.
Adaptive introgression of these derived and largely recessive yellow alleles is ongoing
and suggests that the frequent evolutionary transitions between carotenoid color states
observed in nature may have a simple genetic basis. Photograph © Col Roberts; used
with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_2.txt,groundtruth,34_2.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_3.png,D,"Dynamic single-cell genetic effects
A new statistical method known as GASPACHO identifies nonlinear dynamic genetic effects using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
See Kumasaka et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_7.txt,multiBv1,55_7.txt,"Single-cell spatial modeling
SPICEMIX is a computational tool that determines cell identities by analyzing intrinsic and spatial factors, enabling the identification of spatially variable metagenes and refined cell subtypes. This image shows a mixture of dried spices on a black slate, illustrating the heterogeneous cell populations in mammalian tissues.
See Chidester et al.
Image: Science Photo Library/ Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_12.txt,allv2,55_12.txt,"Mapping the regulatory wiring of the genome
The human genome encodes millions of enhancers (tangled balls) that quantitatively tune the expression of 21,000 genes (arrows). The regulatory wiring connecting enhancers to their target genes has remained elusive. In this issue, Fulco, Nasser and colleagues develop new experimental and computational approaches to map this complex wiring, and demonstrate their utility in interpreting the functions of genetic variants associated with human diseases.
See Fulco et al.
Image: Sigrid Knemeyer, SciStories LLC. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/51_1.txt,sbert,51_1.txt,"Custom microfluidics for spatial transcriptomics
MAGIC-seq is a spatial transcriptomics method that combines multiple-grid microfluidic design and prefabricated DNA arrays.
See Zhu et al.
Image: Junjie Zhu, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_3.txt,groundtruth,56_3.txt,train
Neuron,113_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_2.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Flora Bouchacourt and Timothy J. Buschman (pages 147–160) present a flexible model
of working memory. Working memory is the cognitive tabula on which anything can be
held and used to guide behavior. Bouchacourt and Buschman present a model of working
memory that combines a high-dimensional random network with structured sensory networks
to flexibly maintain any input. The cover design is an artistic illustration of the
network. Stimuli from our ground-level sensory world are processed separately through
the prism of structured, ring-like, sensory networks in the brain. According to the
model, their representations interfere through flexible random projections in higher
cortical areas. This flexible workspace permits us to create higher cognitive thoughts,
like birds flying through the sky. Credits: concept by Xavier Bourry and Flora Bouchacourt,
graphic design by Xavier Bourry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/103_6.txt,sbert,103_6.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Neuron presents a collection of reviews and opinions on neural dynamics and cognitive processing.
These pieces discuss the orchestration of networks serving attention, perception,
or memory, as well as the functional or mechanistic roles neural oscillations and
synchrony may play therein. The cover depicts a vector visualization in the shape
of a human head, symbolizing the dynamic flow of neural activity. Image adapted from
Sylverarts via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/111_18.txt,multiBv1,111_18.txt,"On the cover: The hippocampus (shown in blue) is necessary for perceptual judgments
that require an integrated representation of visual scenes (here, San Francisco),
but it is not necessary for perception of relatively local items or details. Areas
around the hippocampus can carry information about individual objects (e.g., the sailboats
or cars) or broad contexts (e.g., the expanse of mountains). In this issue, Aly et
al. (pages 1127–1137) show that it is in the hippocampus where those details are bound
together for an integrated perception of the overall scene. Artwork by Gil Franco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/78_1.txt,allv2,78_1.txt,"On the cover: Memory has a constructive nature. In this issue of Neuron, Lei et al. investigate the underlying neural mechanisms for memory systems reconsolidation,
which explains how recall of a remote memory triggers a reconstructive memory process
in the hippocampus. During this process, a new hippocampal engram ensemble is recruited
to provide new information to the original memory. The cover image represents this
process through a “clue wall” filled with two distinct styles of clues. Abstract black-and-white
line drawings symbolize semantic memory, while vivid, detailed images represent episodic
memory. The abstract clues are concentrated near the brain’s outline, corresponding
to the prefrontal cortex, whereas the detailed images are positioned relative to the
hippocampus. These clues collectively form a “Ship of Theseus,” symbolizing memories
that can be continuously updated with new information. This metaphor highlights the
key finding of this study: memory is a reconstructive process, and we are in search
of the traces and truth of our past via integrating remote abstract memories and newly
acquired episodic information. Overall, the cover image reflects the reconstructive
nature of memory, illustrating how the process of systems reconsolidation enables
us to adapt and update our memories over time. Artwork by Ying Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_2.txt,groundtruth,113_2.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,33_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.png,B,"On the cover: The mechanisms by which numerous diversified small molecules from intestinal
microbiome affect mammalian physiology, including aging, remain mostly unknown. In
this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Teng et al. (944–960) demonstrate that gut bacterial isoamylamine (IAA) binds to
the promoter region of host S100A8 and subsequently increases its gene expression
in brain microglia via promoting p53 access to the S100A8 promoter. This subsequently
leads to microglia death and memory loss in aged mice. The cover illustrates overproduction
of bacterial (cyan) metabolites due to a decrease of beneficial bacteriophage (magenta)
affecting brain function through microglia activation (blue). Artwork by Yun Teng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_6.txt,ave_2,30_6.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.txt,groundtruth,33_1.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.txt,allv2,33_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a Chinese ink wash painting depicting bees collecting pollens
from plum blossoms, which symbolize wisdom in Chinese traditional culture. In this
issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhong et al. reveal that honeybee gut microbiota influence reward learning by mediating the metabolism
of pollen fatty acids. Bacteria facilitates the conversion of linoleic acid to anandamide,
which activates TRPA receptors in astrocytes. This triggers the endocannabinoid system
and regulates glutamate/GABA balance in bee brain, ultimately enhancing honeybee reward
learning and memory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.txt,ave_3,32_2.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_8.png,A,"Heatwave mortality
In this issue, Xi et al. use data from a cohort of Chinese adults 65 years of age and older to show that variables related to functional aging are more predictive of increased heat-related mortality risk than is age alone. The cover highlights both the rise in global temperatures, via the color transition, and the importance of identifying those populations most vulnerable to climate change in order to inform targeted adaptation strategies.
See Xi et al.
Image: Yan Dong, Lanxi Xiao, Qiong Wu and Xiuge Zhang, Tsinghua University; at-large designers, Xuezhen Jin and Dezun Ji. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_8.txt,groundtruth,30_8.txt,"Temperatures that deviate from long-term local norms affect human health and are projected to become more frequent as the global climate changes. In this issue, Parks et al. report an association between anomalously warm temperatures and deaths from intentional and unintentional injuries, with increases in deaths from drownings, transport, assault and suicide. The cover art is an illustrated portrayal of the association between rising temperatures and increased injury mortality, and how big data has made such insights possible.
See Parks et al.
Image credit: Amy Kate Wolfe. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/26_12.txt,allv2,26_12.txt,"Focus on Building Healthy Populations
There has been tremendous improvement in human health over the past century, but new threats and growing inequalities have emerged. This Focus issue presents a variety of news, opinions, reviews and original research studies on critical areas and challenges that must be addressed in order to build healthy communities, with special consideration given to the unique needs of younger and older people. The cover depicts planet Earth as a puzzle in progress, with the pieces representing diverse global populations.
Image: aelitta / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/29_6.txt,ave_2,29_6.txt,"Ozone and health
In this issue, Achebak et al. quantify the contributions of both national ozone and imported ozone to the ozone-related mortality burden in 35 European countries, showing that most deaths are attributable to imported ozone. The cover highlights the link between high ozone levels and adverse respiratory health outcomes, and depicts examples of primary ozone sources and transboundary transported ozone.
See Achebak et al.
Image: Mario Ejarque and Albert López, Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.txt,ave_3,30_7.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,37_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/37_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_1.txt,groundtruth,37_1.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_3,31_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_2.txt,allv2,37_2.txt,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_9.png,C,"Asymmetric radical cyclases
Stereocontrolled free-radical-mediated reactions are notoriously challenging. Now, Peng Liu, Yang Yang and colleagues report the directed evolution of cytochrome P450 enzymes for the asymmetric radical cyclization of α-haloesters to arenes. Complementary P450 radical cyclases are obtained allowing access to both enantiomeric products.
See Fu et al.
Image: Lei Chen. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_6.txt,multiBv1,6_6.txt,"Funnelling bio-aromatics
Biocatalytic conversion of aromatic compounds is an exciting topic of importance for the funnelling of lignin-derived aromatic compounds to target products. In their Review, Gregg Beckham, Lindsay Eltis and colleagues discuss the critical reactions of aromatic O-demethylation, hydroxylation and decarboxylation.
See Erickson et al.
Image credit: Rita Clare, Scivetica. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/5_11.txt,ave_2,5_11.txt,"Decarboxylating malonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA carboxylation is the canonical route for endogenous malonyl-CoA formation in cells. Now, Li et al. report a non-carboxylative malonyl-CoA pathway, independent of acetyl-CoA. This enables the biosynthesis of multiple malonyl-CoA-derived natural products, also in multiple cellular hosts.
See Li et al.
Image: Jian Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_9.txt,groundtruth,7_9.txt,"Mapping bio-based chemicals
Lee and co-workers discuss metabolically engineered microbial cells to produce chemicals of interest from renewable feedstocks. Biological routes in combination with chemical routes are presented in a bio-based chemicals map — serving as a blueprint for the future design of chemical biosynthesis strategies.
See Lee et al.
Image: Sang Yup Lee and Hyun Uk Kim (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/2_12.txt,allv2,2_12.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_6.png,B,"On the cover: Taylor et al. (pages 11–22) describe an integrative analysis of genomic
alterations in prostate cancer that, of several findings, identifies patterns of DNA
copy-number alterations that are associated with the risk of disease relapse. Illustration
by Nathan Marks.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/18_6.txt,ave_2,18_6.txt,"On the cover: Casanova-Salas et al. demonstrate how the genomic and transcriptomic cargo within circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) from liquid biopsies provides valuable insights into metastatic prostate
cancer outcomes and treatment responses and how this information could facilitate
the identification of biomarkers for guiding therapy switch decisions. The cover artwork
features an EV-lit traffic light, symbolizing the important role that circulating
EVs could play in the trafficking of clinically actionable information. Image credit:
Carlos Córdoba Terreros.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_6.txt,groundtruth,42_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Yu et al. (page 443–454) employ a compendium of genome-wide
location analyses to reveal an integrated network of androgen receptor (AR), the Polycomb
group protein EZH2, and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions in prostate cancer progression. The
left circle represents prostate cancer cells in which EZH2 is stained green, whereas
the right circle depicts the nucleus of a prostate cancer cell harboring ERG rearrangement
as shown by dual color break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. The background
images represent network diagrams, model schemas, and stained prostate cancer tissues.
Illustration by Sooryanarayana Varambally, University of Michigan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,"On the cover: Taguchi et al. (pp. 289–299) describes global comparison of plasma proteomic
profiles from mouse models of cancer, which uncovers plasma protein signatures for
lung cancer that are relevant to human lung cancer even at the pre-diagnostic stage.
Cover Image by Yoko Kazdal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,21_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.png,A,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,groundtruth,21_2.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,ave_3,20_8.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,ave_2,20_2.txt,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,val
Med,6_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/6_2.png,B,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_2.txt,groundtruth,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This issue of Med explores the applications of CAR T cell therapies beyond hematologic malignancies,
including solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. A Q&A with Fabian Müller (University Hospital Erlangen) covers the latest developments in the field. A Review
from Liu et al. discusses emerging combination strategies using CAR T cells in solid tumors, while
Shu et al. review the exciting potential of CAR technology in non-neoplastic diseases. Fischbach et al. present a Case Report describing the safety and feasibility of CD19-targeted CAR
T-cell therapy in the first two patients with progressive multiple sclerosis, with
an accompanying Viewpoint from Rankin and Shah highlighting the new frontiers of CAR T cell therapies. Cover credit: Keith Chambers/Science
Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_7.txt,ave_3,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,ave_2,3_3.txt,test
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.png,D,"Improving literacy and understanding of kidney disease, inspired by the World Kidney Day Comments starting on p129.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_10.txt,multiBv1,18_10.txt,"Supporting the vulnerable, inspired by the Comments for World Kidney Day starting on p139.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_10.txt,allv2,19_10.txt,"Inequities in kidney health and kidney care, inspired by the Review on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_2.txt,ave_3,19_2.txt,"Advancing equitable access to care, inspired by the Comment articles for World Kidney Day starting on p147.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_10.txt,groundtruth,20_10.txt,train
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_11.png,C,"Emulating natural photosynthesis, artificial leaves constructed with semiconductor photoelectrodes harness solar energy to convert water, carbon dioxide, etc. into valuable fuels/chemicals. This Account describes recent advancements in silicon-based photoelectrodes, emphasizing innovative design and integration solutions for practical artificial photosynthesis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,The unique 2D atomic layer structure with defects shows enormous potential to trigger efficient photocatalytic performance. The affiliated article reviews the recent advances and perspectives of defective 2D atomic layers to satisfy broad energy photocatalytic applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,Photon upconversion converts multiple low-energy photons to a high-energy one. The cover image depicts the sensitization of photon upconversion by semiconductor quantum dots and the emission of upconverted photons through the annihilation of two emitter triplets. This strategy can be potentially applied in solar energy conversion and beyond.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Shining light on CO2 empowers its conversion to CO, CH3OH, and CH4. The red-orange glow around the Earth, merging into a green interior hue, portends how the unification of the light and heat of the sun enables CO2 photothermal catalysis to produce commodity chemicals and fuels, facilitating a sustainable future for humankind.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,val
Trends in Parasitology,40_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_1.png,C,"The cover illustrates the events leading to Plasmodium fertilization inside the mosquito midgut blood meal. After being ingested by a female
Anopheles mosquito, Plasmodium gametocytes transform into gametes. Microgametes (blue sperm-like cells) detach from
the
exflagellation center (blue round cell) and migrate through the fibrous network (yellow)
of
the mosquito midgut blood bolus to find and fertilize a female gamete (macrogamete,
pink).
Migration through fibrous and extracellular matrices is facilitated when the parasite
acquires
mammalian plasmin, a potent serine protease that degrades fibrin, extracellular matrix
proteins
and complement. Similar mechanisms are employed by multiple vector-borne pathogens
to infect the human host and the vectors that transmit them. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Pala et al. review the multiple mechanisms by which vector-borne pathogens hijack the
mammalian fibrinolytic system to facilitate infection and transmission. Image credit:
Benjamin
Crews (NIH/NIAID/Rocky Mountain Laboratories Microscopy Unit), and Zarna Pala, Thiago
Alves
e Silva and Joel Vega-Rodriguez (NIH/NIAID/Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_11.txt,allv2,38_11.txt,"During growth and replication within erythrocytes, malaria parasites increase the
permeability of host cells to many solutes. Desai (pp. 151–159) summarizes key advances
in our understanding of how and why these changes occur; studies over the last decade
implicate the plasmodial surface anion channel, parasite clag genes, and an essential role in parasite nutrient acquisition. Although important
questions remain, this channel appears to be an excellent drug or vaccine target.
The image is a 3D rendering of an infected erythrocyte with solutes streaming through
the surface channels, courtesy of Anita Mora.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/30_10.txt,ave_2,30_10.txt,"The cover shows the circumsporozoite protein (CSP, cyan) and nuclei
(magenta) during the final stage of Plasmodium sporozoite formation within oocysts at the
Anopheles mosquito midgut. The image is a projection over five layers acquired from
a
4x expanded midgut with a Zeiss Airyscan 2 LSM900 microscope. In this issue of Trends
   in Parasitology, Singer et al. discuss the many roles of CSP, from sporozoite formation
within the mosquito to infection of the mammalian host. Image credit: Maren Gehringer
and Kevin Walz, Heidelberg University Medical Faculty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_1.txt,groundtruth,40_1.txt,"Non-endocytotic host red blood cells pose a unique challenge for
Plasmodium entry during blood-stage malaria. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Groomes et al. richly describe how P. falciparum alters the biomechanical properties of the red blood cell membrane to facilitate
merozoite invasion, and highlight natural RBC
membrane mutants affecting these properties that may have been selected for in malaria
endemic regions to restrict invasion. The cover art depicts host red blood cells,
which
modulate their deformability to squeeze through tight spaces in the vasculature. Invasive
P. falciparum merozoites hijack these mechanisms to alter red blood cell deformability
prior to infiltration. Cover credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library – SCIEPRO.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_9.txt,sbert,38_9.txt,train
BDJ,237_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_10.png,C,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,ave_2,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on alveolar ridge preservation, mobile dental units, and the voice of the child in dental care

Cover image: As healthcare professionals, we cannot fully remedy what we do not recognise as existing. To be successful in treating our patients, the dentist must know about the person, not purely the name of a disease and science that explains it. Here we discover the individual and power of being, through studying a simple group of personal belongings. A portrait without likeness, one might say. (Watercolour painting.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_7.txt,ave_3,233_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on composite resin restorations, dental anatomy, and chairside learning.

Cover image: From 2008. The cover for this issue focuses on the dental world of 2008 when a significant development was the beginning of mandatory registration for dental care professionals (DCPs) with the General Dental Council. The ‘featured’ historic cover seen by the right hand of the person in this cover is a SEM, a source of images used from time to time as striking and as a literal representation of science as art; an ongoing connection. Published as Volume 204 No 3 on 9 Feb 2008, little did the world suspect that as the year developed so would a financial crisis, the effects and ramifications of which still have echoes to this day.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_10.txt,groundtruth,237_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental trauma, short dental implants, and climate-conscious sedation.

Cover image: From 2007. For this issue, the cover used as its inspiration is that by Joe Dixon (taken from Volume 202 Issue 10, 26 May 2007). Our thinking at the time was to build on these early foundations of the coalescence of art and science in dentistry. In this new interpretation, we have zoomed out to illustrate the practical interaction of the microscope, the researcher and the clinical relevance.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original cover art by Joe Dixon",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_11.txt,allv2,237_11.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_20.png,D,"Late-stage halogenation has gained prominence for its role in diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules, including natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Recent strategies, characterized by mild conditions, accessible and stable catalysts, and broad functional group tolerance, provide streamlined approaches for the synthesis of halogenated drugs, natural products, and peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"“One quick step for 18F-labeling, one large step for PET Imaging.” Organoborates react rapidly with 18F-fluoride ion in water to afford 18F-labeled organotrifluoroborates; this enables single-step 18F labeling of molecularly complex ligands to create new PET imaging agents. Key to this technological advance has been the fundamental understanding of the kinetic stability of organotrifluoroborates toward solvolysis at neutral pH. See Perrin, DOI:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00398. Image in center reproduced from Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2015, 12 (3), pp 974–982. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_6.txt,multiBv1,2016_6.txt,"In this Account, we summarize our ongoing research contributions, including (i) the design of flip-flop ligands and FDCs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.txt,sbert,2024_1.txt,"In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. Silanes TMSCF2X (TMS = trimethylsilyl and X = Br, F, and Cl) have stood out as privileged among all known difluorocarbene reagents, owing to their rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions (such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at a wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents). As shown in the cover picture, the dandelion (TMSCF2X) can easily release its seeds (:CF2) in different environments (under different reaction conditions), and the seeds (:CF2) have strong vitality (suitable for a wide range of reactions).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_7.png,D,"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely investigated for their potential to selectively separate and store environmentally harmful gases. The cover image of this issue shows the structure of a MOF — described by Martin Schröder and co-workers — whose promising capture capabilities rely on hydroxyl groups rather than the traditionally used amine ones. The hydrogen bonding interactions between the host framework and CO2 and SO2 gases were directly visualized by in situ static and dynamic characterization methods, and the results supported by modelling studies.Article p887IMAGE: SIHAI YANGCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/4_2.txt,ave_2,4_2.txt,"Quarantined catalyst for polymer synthesis
Topologically interesting cyclic polymers can be prepared by metathesis polymerization, but their precise synthesis has suffered from the catalyst’s vulnerability and inseparability. Now, Tae-Lim Choi and colleagues have designed a silica-supported ruthenium catalyst to overcome these limitations. With the help of customized glassware (a cyclic polymer dispenser), the use of this quarantined catalyst enables a continuous circular process of in situ polymerization, polymer separation, and catalyst recovery, giving a scalable process for the synthesis of cyclic polycyclopentene. The cover shows cyclopentene monomers undergoing ring-expansion metathesis polymerization to form cyclic polymers.
See Yoon et al.
Image: Tae-Lim Choi, ETH Zürich. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/14_2.txt,ave_3,14_2.txt,"Catalytic site seeing
There are a number of factors that control product selectivity and catalyst lifetime in acid-catalysed reactions using zeolites. Now, by analysing the catalytic behavior of zeolites with different textural and acidic properties, a team led by Jorge Gascon has developed structure–performance descriptors for the methanol-to-propylene process. They have shown that Brønsted acidity is key for propylene selectivity and that Lewis acidity is responsible for prolonging the lifetime of the catalyst. The image on the cover is an artistic representation of the zeolitic microenvironment, inhabited by methanol and olefins interacting with each other.
See Gascon et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/10_5.txt,allv2,10_5.txt,"Gasoline from plastic waste
Strategies for upcycling waste plastics are urgently required. Now, Han and co-workers have developed a strategy to convert polyethylene into gasoline over a layered self-pillared zeolite without the need for external molecular hydrogen or noble metal catalysts. The reaction proceeds through a self-supplied hydrogen mechanism enabled by the open framework aluminium sites. The cover shows an artistic representation of polyethylene diffusing through zeolite pores and being converted into gasoline.
See Cen et al.
Image: Ziyu Cen and Longfei Lin, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_7.txt,groundtruth,16_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.png,C,"High altitude physiology, inspired by the Review on p75.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_11.txt,allv2,21_11.txt,"Cardiovascular involvement in long COVID, inspired by the Review on p314.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_8.txt,sbert,19_8.txt,"Cardiovascular risk stratification for spaceflight, inspired by the Review on p667.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_3.txt,groundtruth,21_3.txt,"Stress and cardiovascular disease, inspired by the Review on p603.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_4.txt,multiBv1,21_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.png,A,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A significant contribution to the domains of food safety is made by the real-time identification of traces of ciprofloxacin in milk, utilizing a label-free Raman enhancement method with highly scalable and thermally stable 2D magnesiochromite.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,"Detecting defects inside of microarchitected materials is important to ensure their intended functionality. The high scattering nature of these materials hides these defects, especially those deep inside these materials, from sight. In our manuscript we investigate defects deep inside these structures by using optical microscopy techniques with submicrometer resolution to resolve the entire structure and pinpoint the nature and location of individual defects. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_1.txt,sbert,2024_1.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_22.png,C,The specific dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPP+ in the C. elegans nematode was used as a Parkinson's disease model to assess the in vivo effects of a compound identified in the bean of Mucuna pruriens and acting as a peripheral COMT inhibitor.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_2.txt,ave_2,2022_2.txt,"This cover image offers a peek at the cytosolic environment of a central nervous system (CNS) cell. It highlights the dual-action mechanism of a small molecule, which is shown to interact with both carbonic anhydrase and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TSPO. These interactions suggest a potential therapeutic strategy targeting these proteins, which play crucial roles in CNS function. The DALL-E AI platform from OpenAI generated the background. Muhammad Waqas and Benito Natale crafted the cover.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"Unraveling the interplay between dopamine, carbon monoxide, and heme oxygenase: suggesting an axis that likely plays important roles in neuromodulation and cognition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, can disrupt Aβ42 protofibril and inhibit Aβ42 aggregation mostly through hydrogen-bonding, aromatic stacking, and cation–π interactions. Image credit: Yujie Chen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,test
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_11.png,B,Global changes in gene expression under salinity stress: spinach plants irrigated by water of controlled salinity  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_5.txt,multiBv1,2021_5.txt,"As shown in our cover, different light intensities have different effects on rice, and medium light intensity can obviously prevent chlorosis of rice. This is of great importance for the factory cultivation of rice seedlings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"This cover art shows the process of spray quality evaluation described in the manuscript. There are three steps: first, CBS-X is added to the tank of the sprayer; second, the sprayer is applied in the field; and finally, we can evaluate the spray quality in three ways: (1) direct observation through an UV flashlight, (2) calculation of the coverage after photographing droplets on the leaves, and (3) measurement of the deposition after washing down the fluorescent agent. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition.   View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_3.txt,allv2,2022_3.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_6.png,D,"Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification that is critical for membrane localization of key regulatory proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. In this work, peptides modified with azide- and alkyne-containing analogues were used to investigate whether their incorporation into isoprenoids alters the function or processing of a-factor, a prenylated polypetide from yeast. This image shows modified isoprenoids (ball and stick representations) and two of the enzymes responsible for their processing (cartoon representations) on a background of fungal cells (which was purchased from iStock).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_11.txt,allv2,2018_11.txt,"Schematic of covalent protein modification targeted through coordination of a trifunctional photoreactive labeling reagent to a His-tag. In this case, the labeling reagent is designed to attach a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide to an active enzyme distal to the active site. The resultant conjugate molecules remain catalytically active and can base-pair with complementary DNA that is in solution or attached to a surface. Such conjugates may permit the creation of self-assembling protein arrays (see Meredith et al. on page 969). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2004_2.txt,ave_2,2004_2.txt,"Site-specific modification of proteins is a major challenge because of the large numbers of reactive functional groups they display. Enzymatic incorporation of bioorthogonal functionalities into proteins at specific sites is an important strategy. The resulting tags enable reactions that are chemoselective, using functional groups that not only are inert in biological media, but also do not occur naturally in proteins or other biological molecules (see Rashidian et al. on p 1277).  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2013_5.txt,ave_3,2013_5.txt,"A norbornene-containing analogue of farnesyl diphosphate increases the utility of prenyltransferase-catalyzed protein labeling. In one application, a unique subset of prenylated proteins was observed via proteomics. In another",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.png,C,"An energy-saving, highly efficient, low-cost, and broad-spectrum NaI-PPh3/CuI metallaphotoredox catalyzed system has been computationally designed and experimentally verified to achieve the C(sp3)−O/N cross-couplings of alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with phenols/secondary amines with ≥90% yield at room temperature under irradiation of 10 W blue LEDs for 4 h.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2021_14.txt,ave_3,2021_14.txt,"The 9,10-bis(diarylamino)anthracene photocatalyst induces radical fluoroalkylation from various electron-accepting fluoroalkylating reagents under visible light irradiation. A delocalized cationic radical species serves as a key active catalytic species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2018_3.txt,allv2,2018_3.txt,"We successfully employ readily available oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical precursors to couple with pyridinium salts, selectively introducing the amide group into pyridine architectures. The key innovation lies in the successful integration of an acridinium-based photocatalyst, which enables the formation of amide bonds through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"The cover image describes an intramolecular acid–base cooperative catalysis strategy for the copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic thioanhydrides into the well-defined polythioesters, where the acid center is responsible for the activation of epoxides and the base center is responsible for the mediation of thioanhydrides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_13.txt,ave_2,2020_13.txt,train
Molecular Therapy,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/33_2.png,C,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_1.txt,allv2,33_1.txt,"On the cover: In ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (AKI), tubular epithelial cells
(TECs) undergo different degrees of cell necrosis and nuclear disruption, obtaining
pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic properties, which recruit mononuclear macrophage
infiltration by expressing Cxcl1, IL-34, Ccl2, and Cxcl16. These activated macrophages
further activate Th17 through IL18-IL18R1, resulting in a sustained secretion of TGF-β1.
In addition, the subcapsular injection of MSC regulates repair and reduces the infiltration
and activation of the above-mentioned inflammatory cells by secreting extracellular
vesicles to deliver microRNAs, especially miR-26a-5p, thus alleviating renal fibrosis
during the progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Image credit: Beijing
FantasticColor Animation Technology Co., Ltd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_3.txt,ave_2,31_3.txt,"On the cover: Chen et al. demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) exacerbates renal inflammation in diabetic
kidney disease via a Smad3-NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway. The image depicts
CRP binding to its receptor and triggering signaling to activate Smad3 in the cytoplasm.
Phosphorylated Smad3 translocates into the nucleus with other Smads. Following this,
Smad3 interacts with the promoter region of NLRP3, initiating NLRP3 expression. Image
credit: Haiyong Chen and Yifan Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,"On the cover: Damodar et al. demonstrated that RLBP1 encodes two CRALBP isoforms that are differentially expressed in human and murine
retinal tissues: two isoforms in retinal pigment epithelium and one isoform in Müller
glial cells. The image shows 3D isosurface rendering (Imaris) of a 250-day-old retinal
organoid labeled for CRALBP (multicolor object ID) in Müller glial cells. The Müller
cells span the outer nuclear layer (in blue), with their end feet forming the outer
limiting membrane that surrounds the organoid. Image credit: Hassan Boukhaddaoui and
Nejla Erkilic.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_1.txt,ave_3,32_1.txt,val
Trends in Cell Biology,35_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/35_2.png,D,"Communication is vital to the survival and growth of cells. Cells send and receive
signals from their environment and neighboring cells. They can also respond promptly
to danger signals when faced with pathogens. At the molecular level, proteins and
genes interact with one another to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions
such as transcription. Not surprisingly, deregulated cell communication can have dire
consequences and may result in a plethora of diseases including cancer. This special
issue is devoted to highlighting the mechanisms by which cellular communication can
regulate the dynamics and functions of the cell. Image courtesy of iStock/ERphotographer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/27_3.txt,ave_3,27_3.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_1.txt,allv2,35_1.txt,"Phospholipids with polyunsaturated acyl chains (omega 3 or omega 6) are particularly
abundant in the membrane of a few specialized organelles, such as synaptic vesicles
and photoreceptor discs, which host very fast and efficient reactions. This abundance
suggests that these lipids provide membrane bilayers with distinct physicochemical
properties. In this issue, Antonny et al. (pages 427–436) discuss the advantages of the conformational plasticity of polyunsaturated
acyl chains for facilitating the switch of transmembrane receptors and the deformation
of lipid bilayers. Like a ballerina, polyunsaturated phospholipids quickly adopt new
postures owing to the exceptional flexibility of some of their carbons (those that
are between two double bonds). As such, they make membranes more prone to undergo
mechanical stress, including deformation and fission. Cover image designed by Franck
Aguila.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/25_7.txt,ave_2,25_7.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_2.txt,groundtruth,35_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.png,B,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,allv2,21_2.txt,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,ave_2,20_2.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,ave_3,20_8.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_3.png,D,"In the era of systems biology, omics studies are accelerating our understanding of
the biological mechanisms and dynamics of any targeted organism or organisms. In this
issue of Trends in Parasitology, Swearingen et al. and Hugo et al. review how proteomics has been contributing to the research of malaria parasites
(Plasmodium) and their mosquito vectors (Anopheles). The cover image was designed by Allison Kudla (Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle)
and provided by Lindner and Swearingen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/34_2.txt,multiBv1,34_2.txt,"This special issue of Trends in Parasitology focuses on vectors - organisms that facilitate the spread of disease. Vector-borne
diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases and several can only be effectively
managed through adequate vector control strategies. As argued in multiple articles
included in this issue of Trends in Parasitology, the development of successful control approaches relies heavily on a detailed understanding
of the vector biology, ecology, and epidemiology. On the cover, a swarm of mosquitos,
the most important disease vector, at sunset. Cover art courtesy of iStockPhoto/smartstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/32_11.txt,sbert,32_11.txt,"Genome sequencing is revolutionizing our understanding of life on Earth.
Assembling a genome is akin to a jigsaw puzzle; overlaps between DNA sequences are
used to generate a genome assembly, with the aim to recreate the chromosome content
of an organism. However, a large complex jigsaw puzzle constructed of potentially
millions of pieces, often no reference to guide assembly, and a long list of technical
and biological features and biases can make this task challenging. The cover illustrates
some of these challenges, which are often responsible for incomplete, fragmented
assemblies that can limit our understanding of the structure and feature content of
a genome. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Doyle outlines the challenges and
opportunities toward generating high-quality genome resources for helminths. Cover
image designed by Stephen R. Doyle and illustrated by Naola Leconte.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_3.txt,allv2,38_3.txt,"Parasitoid wasps are a highly diverse group of insects known for their
parasitic lifestyle. These species have become important models for multiple scientific
fields, including evolutionary biology and biological control. Advances in genomic
resources and research have greatly enhanced our understanding of parasitoid wasp
biology. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Ye and co-authors provide a comprehensive
overview of the current state of genome sequencing in parasitoid wasps, highlighting
how these genomic studies have led to significant breakthroughs in understanding the
evolution of parasitoid wasps and the genetic basis of key traits. Image credit: Xinhai
Ye.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_3.txt,groundtruth,40_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.png,B,"Brain diet, inspired by the Review on p5
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/21_2.txt,multiBv1,21_2.txt,"Stimulating brain circuits, inspired by the Review on p259.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Brain asymmetries, inspired by the Review on p383.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Advances in deep brain stimulation technology, inspired by the Review on p75
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/17_11.txt,sbert,17_11.txt,train
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_3.png,C,"New materials enabled by chemistry can both improve the performance and extend the range of possible applications for electronic materials.  The cover depicts an artist's rendition of an example of organic semiconductor-enabled flexible bioelectronics, which transduce ionic bioelectronic signals for interfacing with traditional semiconductor circuits.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2016_4.txt,ave_3,2016_4.txt,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The creation of electrical circuits by using single molecules is currently a research focus because it not only meets the increasing technical demands of the miniaturization of traditional Si-based electronic devices, but also provides an ideal window of exploring the intrinsic properties of materials at the molecular level.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2016_18.txt,ave_2,2016_18.txt,train
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,49_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_8.png,D,"Chromosomal translocations related to B cell malignancy in human patients arise due
to DNA breaks occurring within defined 20 to 600 basepair zones. Several factors influence
the breakage rate at these sites including transcription, DNA sequence, and topological
tension. These factors favor non-B DNA structures that permit formation of transient
single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), making the DNA more vulnerable to agents such as the
enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Pannunzio and Lieber propose that factors favoring both formation of transient ssDNA
and persistent DNA lesions are key in determining the DNA breakage mechanism. The
image shows a shattering wine glass, representing the fragility of some zones of DNA.
Cover credits: iStockPhoto",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/43_6.txt,allv2,43_6.txt,"How does the cell deal with structures that look broken, but are not? Eukaryotic chromosomes
are linear, bookended perforce by exposed 3′ and 5′ ends of DNA. These termini bear
resemblance to double strand DNA breaks (DSBs), however telomeres should not be ‘repaired’
through the DNA damage response (DDR) and DSB repair pathway. Indeed, activation of
the DDR and DSB repair pathway in response to telomeres has pathological consequences
such as chromosomal fusions. Therefore, the cell needs mechanisms to protect chromosomal
ends from activating the DDR and subsequent repair pathways. Protection is conferred
by telomeres, which are nucleoprotein structures that cap the DNA ends. The distinct
roles of individual telomeric components have been actively investigated, and on pages
275–285 of this issue Antonio Porro, Brian Luke and colleagues present TRF2 as a key
player in protecting DNA ends. In their article they discuss the multiple emerging
mechanisms through which TRF2 protects telomeres from activating the DDR. Cover image
from iStockPhoto/shemara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/40_9.txt,ave_3,40_9.txt,"Endogenous mechanisms and exogenous agents generate DNA single- and double-strand
breaks that are a continual threat to the genome. Prompt and accurate repair is crucial
to prevent genomic instability that precipitates cytotoxicity or neoplastic transformation.
However, strand breaks frequently possess abnormal 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate ends
that preclude the final enzymatic repair steps of nucleotide replacement by DNA polymerases
and strand re-ligation by DNA ligases. Polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP) contains
dual 5'-DNA kinase/3'-DNA phosphatase activities and integrates both into single-
and double-strand break repair mechanisms to re-engineer termini critical for restoring
genomic continuity. Mutations to PNKP have recently been linked to a multi-symptom
neurodevelopmental disorder. Clinically, PNKP function is a target for disruption
in therapeutic chemo and radiosensitizing applications. On pages 262–271, Michael
Weinfeld and colleagues discuss the structure and function of PNKP and how the enzyme
is key for sustaining the edifice of DNA strand break repair. Cover design by R. Daniel
Aceytuno.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/36_8.txt,ave_2,36_8.txt,"DNA breakage mechanisms at many of the most common lymphoid
chromosomal translocation fragile zones have been intriguing. The activation-induced
deaminase (AID) acts on single-stranded DNA and is a key factor in the chromosome
breakage at non-immunoglobulin loci. On pages 391–400 in this issue, Liu et al.
propose an RNA-tether model in which the binding of AID to the newly transcribed
RNA stabilizes AID to facilitate its deamination at the non-template DNA strand in
the
transcription bubble. Cover image designed by Di Liu and Lingyu Xu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biochemical Sciences/49_8.txt,groundtruth,49_8.txt,train
JACS Au,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2025_1.png,C,"This cover consists of three elements: computer simulation, covalent organic framework (COF), and electrocatalytic reaction. The background consists of a human brain and a chip, symbolizing machine learning. With the aid of machine learning, the COF is like a dancing butterfly to split water into oxygen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,"The “structure breaker” Cs+ in electrolyte-induced surface reconstruction of the BiVO4 photoanode to form a Cs+-doped bismuth vanadium oxide amorphous nanolayer, which inhibited continuous photocorrosion of BiVO4 and promoted its photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance. The cover artwork shows that the BiVO4 nanorod is a “picky eater”.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_6.txt,sbert,2023_6.txt,"This experimental and theoretical study investigates design factors for the preparation of cadmium coordination polymers (CPs) containing fluorene and fluorenone cores as single-crystal optical waveguides. The CPs exhibit exceptional light propagation with one of the lowest optical losses for CPs and organic waveguides, providing insights for future design and optimization. The cover artwork was made by Daniele Mele. Some of the layers were generated by means of Google Gemini and Playground AI tools.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Featured on this cover is a novel doping strategy, photoexcitation-assisted molecular doping (PE-MD), which is built upon the familiar mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer. The application of PE-MD to the PDPP4T polymer significantly amplifies its doping level, facilitating efficient thermoelectric conversion for clean energy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.png,B,The application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can effectively improve the titer and yield of 2′-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_2,2021_3.txt,This cover describes a method of metabolic engineering for the production of ectoine based on the heterologous expression of ectoine synthesis-related genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase ectoine production.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"We have developed a computational technique suggesting gene modification designs to accelerate the development of microbial cell factories. The technique comprehensively retrieves well-known designs from literature on the basis of the relatedness to the user?s design history, helping broaden the range of design options to drive the DBTL cycles further.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_4.txt,ave_3,2021_4.txt,"Creation of a “superhero” Corynebacterium glutamicum strain through systems metabolic engineering techniques, resulting in the ability to produce L-valine with high titer and yield by utilizing glucose and ammonia as the primary carbon and nitrogen sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,test
Organic Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_3.png,A,"This cover art illustrates the successful execution of visible light-driven (represented as fireworks in the cover art) asymmetric photoredox catalytic Minisci reactions of azaarenes (described as the image of the clothes on the boy in the cover art) by electron-withdrawing carbonyl radicals (described as the image of the clothes on the girl in the cover art). The use of secondary amides as substituents on the radicals is pivotal to this success, leading to the efficient synthesis of a diverse array of valuable enantioenriched amides. These amides feature azaarene-substituted tertiary carbon stereocenters at the β-position (signified by the imagery in the sky). This cover art has been designed by Tianju Shao, Yanli Yin, and Zhiyong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,This cover art illustrates the journey of a child (representing α-diazo esters and -amides) into becoming a successful person (representing spiro-β-lactones and -lactams) with the invaluable support of his parents. The diazo compound is converted to a carbene intermediate by light (represented by the mother) and is transformed into the product with the help of heat (represented by the father). This cover has been designed by Freepik.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_25.txt,multiBv1,2023_25.txt,"This cover illustrates the potential of photocatalysis using aldrithiol (depicted as scissors) as a photocatalyst effecting the regioselective oxidative cleavage of the terminal olefin bond of 1-arylbutadienes to cinnamaldehydes. The cover art was created from a photo taken at Mahabaleshwar, India, by Rodney A. Fernandes at dusk, with sun silhouetting the clouds with light.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_33.txt,ave_2,2022_33.txt,"The cover art illustrates a selective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of azaarenes with alkanes without sacrificial oxidants, a step forward in sustainably building complexity. This transformation is promoted by the synchronized interplay of two organic catalysts under visible light irradiation, just as two pulleys and a belt transmit the movement.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_13.png,A,"A calcite, CaCO3, crystal with extensive hopper morphology was synthesized under confinement in the absence of precipitation-modifying additives using an electrochemically assisted deposition at a low negative applied potential in the surface force apparatus. In this process, pH is directly increased inside the confined pore, leading to abundant calcite precipitation in small pore volumes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_13.txt,groundtruth,2024_13.txt,The Cr-doped large single-crystal diamond was synthesized under a high pressure and high temperature. The addition of Cr reduces the nitrogen content in the diamond. A low nitrogen synthesis environment is more conducive to the doping of Cr atoms into the diamond lattice. The Cr atom exists in the diamond in the form of Cr,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_17.txt,ave_2,2024_17.txt,"Computer simulation of the hydration of steps at the calcite (CaCO3) surface shows that the rate of exchange of water molecules can vary by more than two orders of magnitude, thereby potentially slowing the rate of step growth. In the cover illustration, the mean residence times of different water molecules around the obtuse (left) and acute (right) steps of a (10-14) calcite surface are represented through a rainbow color scale, ranging from fast (red, <0.9 ns) to slow (violet, >10 ns) waters",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2016_3.txt,allv2,2016_3.txt,"Microporous membrane-assisted crystallization provides a highly controllable and feasible platform that modifies the crystal morphology in the separation process of a NaCl-ethylene glycol-H2O ternary solution. Under a hybrid mechanism via membrane-controlled solution concentration and component diffusion, diffusion control growth was promoted and polynuclear growth was hindered. The optimized operation route can acquire crystals with the desired cube morphology and narrow size distribution, which will benefit solvent recovery and downstream separation processes (Cryst. Growth Des. 2018, 18, 934–943).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_11.txt,ave_3,2018_11.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_3.png,D,"Using Li2S as the cathode to couple with Li-free anodes can circumvent the safety issue of lithium in Li–S batteries. It is, however, largely electrochemically inert and requires a high activation potential during the initial oxidation. In recent years, different strategies have been developed to activate Li2S and promote its electrochemical performance by engineering the electrode material, the cathode catalyst, or the electrolyte.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2020_6.txt,ave_2,2020_6.txt,"The electronic and ionic behavior of solid electrolyte interphase and mixed conducting interphase at the interfaces of Li metal anodes are illustrated. The review describes the features of these interfaces and the feasible fabrication of a composite electrode with prestored Li metal and rational ionic and electronic networks. An interface with extraordinary stability is critically required to render a rapid electron or ion transfer, finally realizing a uniform deposition of Li metal and superior cycling performance of Li metal batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2018_6.txt,ave_3,2018_6.txt,"A long-lasting lithium metal battery with stable solid electrolyte interphase is achieved. A new electrolyte additive of P2S5-saturated CS2 (PSC) solution, which can facilitate the in situ formation of a stable SEI containing inorganic Li–P–S compounds (Li-ion conductors), stabilizes the Li-metal significantly, enabling the dendrite-free and highly reversible Li-metal anode.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,Lithium tetrafluoroborate as a supplemental salt is systematically investigated in low-ethylene carbonate-content electrolytes. Electrolytes with a trace amount of lithium tetrafluoroborate (0.05 M),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,train
Med,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_3.png,B,"On the cover: Obesity is a known risk factor for some types of cancers. With the global
rise in overweight and obesity rates, it is important to understand the impact on
cancer incidence. In this issue of Med, Liu et al present an analysis of data from a population-based cancer registry in China covering
14.4 million individuals between 2007–2021. Worryingly, they note an increase in obesity-related
cancers, especially among younger adults. These findings highlight the need for public
health interventions and policies to address obesity as a risk factor and lower premature
mortality rates. Cover credit: d3sign via Moments/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_2.txt,sbert,5_2.txt,"On the cover: Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent cancer globally and
the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The prognosis for advanced gastric
cancer is poor, underscoring the urgent need for more effective treatment strategies.
In this issue of Med, Li et al. conducted a phase 2 clinical study to explore the efficacy and safety of combining
two different anti-HER2 antibodies plus XELOX as first-line therapy for patients with
HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. The study reveals that the treatment regimen
significantly extended progression-free survival and improved antitumor response in
these patients, with manageable safety profiles, supporting the clinical benefits
of dual HER2 blockade.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"On the cover: Immunotherapy has revolutionized the standards of care for individuals
with cancer, yet not all patients obtain long-lasting benefit from these therapies.
This month, we feature a special issue covering the latest developments in cancer
immunotherapeutics, ranging from cell-based therapies to vaccines and tumor-targeting
bacteria. Through a series of Q&As, reviews and opinion pieces, we seek to highlight
some existing challenges in this field as well as potential breakthroughs that may
improve efficacy and deliver on the clinical promise of immunotherapy. Cover image:
Isaac Lane Koval/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/6_1.txt,allv2,6_1.txt,"On the cover: Identifying efficient anti-cancer therapies with low toxicity remains
an unmet clinical need. This month, Palmer et al. (pp. 682–704) describe the clinical-grade
generation of CISH KO T cells, which show high avidity against tumor-derived neoantigens
and have synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibition in a preclinical melanoma
model, suggesting that genetic disruption of this internal checkpoint regulator in
T cells may provide a novel therapeutic avenue. On the other side of the clinical-translational
spectrum, You et al. (pp. 664–681) report the results of a pilot trial testing gemcitabine,
apatinib, and toripalimab in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, showing promising antitumor activity and limited toxicity, a much needed
improvement for a patient population that has poor treatment compliance because of
the severe side effects of the standard of care. Cover credit: adapted by Salvatore
Fabbiano from KATERYNA KON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_3.txt,multiBv1,3_3.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_387,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_387.png,C,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes how transcriptional and hormonal signaling pathways interact to control flower development. The image shows flowers of the mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. [Image: Wuxing Li, California Institute of Technology]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_270.txt,sbert,6_270.txt,COVER This week features a Perspective on circadian signaling in the regulation of plant transpiration. [Image: Julie White],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_390.txt,ave_3,2007_390.txt,"COVER This week features a Book Review of Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants: The Role of Transcript Structure and Processing, edited by Carole L. Bassett. The image depicts maize with stripes resulting from the movement of transposons. [Image: Alan Rose, University of California, Davis]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_387.txt,groundtruth,2007_387.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue highlights mechanisms of gene regulation (see the Editorial Guide). Articles and resources at Science Signaling focus on some of the mechanisms that control various aspects of gene expression before, during, and after transcription. The image depicts an artist's rendition of gene expression. [Image: Carin L. Cain]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_13.txt,allv2,1_13.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_93,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_93.png,B,"ONLINE COVER Tickling Tuft Cells with Photons. This month’s cover shows a pulse of blue light illuminating mouse gallbladder tissue mounted in an organ bath. Using tissue from transgenic mice expressing a light-sensitive channelrhodopsin protein in epithelial tuft cells, Keshavarz et al. found that activation of biliary tract tuft cells induced release of acetylcholine and cysteinyl leukotrienes, inflammatory mediators that elicited mucus secretion and smooth muscle contraction, respectively. A separate study by O’Leary et al. compared the transcriptomes of biliary and small intestinal tuft cells and identified bile acids as negative regulators of gallbladder tuft cell abundance. Credit: Maryam Keshavarz/Justus Liebig University Giessen",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_69.txt,allv2,7_69.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Neuroimmune Circuit Drives Chronic UTI Pain. Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) can cause urinary frequency and chronic pelvic pain, even after the original bacterial infection has resolved. Hayes et al. detected the sprouting of nociceptive (pain-sensing) sensory neurons in bladder biopsies from rUTI patients. When they recapitulated this phenomenon in a murine rUTI model, they found that bladder nerve sprouting was triggered in mice by the release of nerve growth factor (NGF) from bladder-resident mast cells and recruited monocytes during the infection. Inhibition of chronic mast cell activation, however, could curb NGF release and nerve sprouting to limit pelvic pain. This month’s cover illustration depicts mast cells (purple) releasing NGF (blue vesicles) to promote the sprouting of nerves (yellow and orange). Credit: N. Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_93.txt,groundtruth,9_93.txt,"ONLINE COVER Blocked Exit Route. This month’s cover features a colorized scanning electron micrograph showing protruding clusters of mucin granules (green) on the apical surface of the distal colon in mice lacking gasdermin D (GSDMD) in intestinal epithelial cells. The abnormal extracellular accumulation of mucin granules observed by Zhang et al. was associated with failure to form a normal protective mucus layer, increased bacterial adherence, and impaired clearance of infection by the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. This phenotype reveals an unexpected requirement for GSDMD in enabling successful release of mucins from the secretory granules of intestinal goblet cells. Credit: Jian Zhang et alMAC_Bench/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_68.txt,sbert,7_68.txt,ONLINE COVER Combating colitis. Shown is a hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of distal colon tissue. Mehta et al. report that in macrophages the epigenetic reader SP140 maintains transcriptional programs that control intestinal homeostasis. Nonfunctional polymorphisms in SP140 associate with colitis in both mice and humans. [CREDIT: MEHTA ET ALMAC_Bench/Science IMMUNOLOGY],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_9.txt,ave_2,2_9.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_43,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_43.png,C,"Self-assembly of polylactide−linear polyethylene triblock copolymers gives nanostructured materials with bicontinuous, interpenetrating domains. Removal of the polylactide phase by hydrolysis yields nanoporous linear polyethylene with outstanding properties. Such robust nanoporous membranes have potential in applications ranging from water purification to battery separators.  See Hillmyer and co-workers, p 8230. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_28.txt,sbert,2010_28.txt,"A synthetic pathway of cyclic polymer through topology transformation of linear polymer linked by rotaxane units: selective cyclization of two self-complementary cyclic units to [c2] daisy-chain-type bifunctional initiator, successive polymerization yielding linear polymer, and topology transformation of linear to cyclic polymer.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_32.txt,multiBv1,2017_32.txt,"This study reveals two distinct pathways to synthesize hydrogels from random copolypeptides through ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides: rapid assembly into elongated fibril networks and the formation of robust fibril clusters, shaping the future of synthetic, biomimetic hydrogel design with custom-designed properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_43.txt,groundtruth,2024_43.txt,"We report the synthesis of hyper-cross-linked polymer gels to yield a hierarchically porous network. The gels can be used as a platform to achieve molecular-level hybridization with a two-dimensional polymer during the gel formation, which provides functional gels with the enhancement of porosities and mechanical stiffness for molecular separation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2022_37.txt,allv2,2022_37.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_6.png,A,"Electroreduction of CO2 for C–X bond formation
Electrochemical cross-coupling is a possible sustainable synthetic route for important chemicals containing carbon–heteroatom bonds. This Review outlines different coupling strategies and discusses how the topic is approached from the perspectives of theoretical modelling, electrolyser construction, and technoeconomic analysis.
See Kornienko et al.
Image: Nikolay Kornienko, University of Bonn. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_6.txt,groundtruth,3_6.txt,"Functionalization by transfer
Functionalization of C(sp 3)–H bonds via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which is typically photo- or electrochemically induced, is a key transformation in the synthesis of complex molecules. This Focus issue overviews technological, catalytic and method-based innovations that have enabled this field to develop.
The cover image is from a Perspective describing how HAT catalysis facilitates acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling between two C–H bonds.
See Ohmatsu and Ooi
Image: YAP Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"Carbon nanobelts with a twist
Fully-fused Möbius carbon nanobelts are synthesized using a bottom-up approach in which the aromatic carbon chain is formed by sequential Wittig reactions. This synthesis may pave the way for the development of nanocarbon materials with complex topological structures.
See Segawa et al.
Image: Issey Takahashi, Nagoya University. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,sbert,3_9.txt,train
Trends in Biotechnology,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_12.png,B,"Recent advances in optical, magnetic, and acoustic field manipulation are enabling
precision control over biomaterials, biomolecules, and cells. In pages 254–263 of
this issue, Armstrong and Stevens discuss recent trends in which remote fields are
used to guide the engineering of complex tissue structures. Cover image designed by
James Armstrong and created by the Elsevier Webshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/38_12.txt,multiBv1,38_12.txt,"Mechanical cues play a significant role in wound healing.
In pages 31−42 of this issue, Chang and colleagues discuss cutting-edge advances
in hydrogel-based mechanically active dressings that enable stimuli-responsive
contraction to promote wound closure and healing. Additionally, insightful opinions
on
the future development of mechanically active dressings for personalized wound care
are proposed. Cover image from Le Chang, Huicong Du, Feng Xu, Cuixiang Xu, and
Hao Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,"This image illustrates the complex nature of locating biofilms on chronic wounds and
the difficulty of correctly identifying the culprit pathogen. In pages 505–517 of
this issue, Wu and colleagues discuss the pathogenesis and diagnostic methodology
of chronic wound biofilms. Cover image from Chao-Min Cheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/37_8.txt,sbert,37_8.txt,"A single-cell microgel is an individual cell coated in a micrometer-thin hydrogel
network, also called a microgel. The cells can interact with their cellular microniche
in a 3D manner, as indicated by the yellow highlights surrounding the cell in the
opened-up microgel positioned in the front. In pages 850–865 of this issue, Kamperman
and colleagues discuss single-cell microgels, which are expected to advance the bioengineering
of tissues, screening of drugs, and analysis of cell behavior with high throughput
at single-cell resolution. The cover image was conceived by Tom Kamperman and Jeroen
Leijten, and created by Demcon Nymus3D.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/36_5.txt,allv2,36_5.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_11.png,A,"Volume 37 | Issue 2 | February
In this issue we ask three industry experts about the art of leadership in dentistry. Check out our cover feature to see what they say!
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_11.txt,groundtruth,37_11.txt,"In this issue...
In April's edition of BDJ In Practice we take a look at how the public perceives dentistry - and why
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_9.txt,ave_2,35_9.txt,"In this issue...
In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_3,36_1.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 1 | January
In this issue we forecast developments in four areas of dentistry, take a closer look at how a life coach is relevant to dentistry and delve into the detail of England's Long Term Workforce Plan
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_12.txt,allv2,37_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_18.png,B,"The local structures, specific molecular-level features, and guest behaviors underpinning desirable properties and applications of metal–organic frameworks are often poorly understood or unknown. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for MOF characterization that can be used to interrogate the metal center, target linker molecules, and probe guest locations and dynamics. See article by Huang and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00357). Cover art created with VESTA software. Momma, K.; Izumi, F. J. Appl. Crystallogr., 2011, 44, 1272–1276.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_11.txt,ave_3,2018_11.txt,"organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have emerged as a class of graphene-like materials with fully π-conjugated aromatic structures. Designing novel ligands is essential for the construction of new 2D c-MOFs with high crystallinity, excellent conductivity, and tailor-made functions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"Resembling porous graphene, 2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring atomically ordered networks with 2D in-plane conjugations attract increasing research interests. Efficient and defined synthesis via elaborate molecular design enables both structural and functional control of such intriguing 2D organic materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_19.txt,allv2,2022_19.txt,"Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with well-defined and tailorable porous structures, featuring semiconductor-like behavior, allow efficient solar to chemical or thermal energy conversion based on photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis, which are two directly relevant applications in solar energy utilization. See article by Juan-Ding Xiao and Hai-Long Jiang, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00521. Cover art by Junna Li.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2019_11.txt,ave_2,2019_11.txt,val
ACS Sensors,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_4.png,D,"A low-power microlight plate emitting at 455 nm has been coupled to a film of gas-sensitive ZnO nanoparticles to build a room-temperature, photoactivated, conductometric gas sensor capable of detecting NO2 in the parts-per-billion range. A lower detection limit of 1 ppb of NO2 was achieved under an irradiance of 60 mWatts·cm-2, produced with 200 µW of electrical power. In more power saving conditions, responses to 25 ppb of NO2 were obtained with an irradiance of 5 mWatts·cm-2 and power consumption of just 30 µW. Artwork by Olga Casals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2019_9.txt,multiBv1,2019_9.txt,"Long-term stability of chemical sensors is essential for prolonged collection of data for the forthcoming era of the internet of things (IoT). A highly electron-doped metal oxide contact (transparent layer) drastically improves the long-term stability of SnO2 nanowire sensor responses compared with conventional metal contact sensors, due to its chemical and thermal robustness. The fundamental concept of oxide contacts will provide a foundation for designing long-term stable oxide nanomaterial-based IoT sensors. Artwork created by Hao Zeng.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2017_1.txt,sbert,2017_1.txt,"The cover shows a configuration of a resistive-type gas sensor based on Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers. A facile solvothermal approach for Al-doped NiO nanorod-flowers with well-defined morphologies is demonstrated. The incorporation of Al ions into NiO nanocrystals contributes to a remarkable difference in changes of the carrier concentration and distribution of oxygen component, offering excellent sensing characteristics in detecting and recognizing ethanol gas molecules. Image created by Chen Wang. See DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.5b00123.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_11.txt,allv2,2016_11.txt,"The low bias (0.5 V) boosts a 7-fold-increased response in the Au/SnO2 H2S gas sensor with the benefit from the interface dipoles in the flower-petal-like nanostructures. With a 2 ppb limit of detection at room temperature, the sensor is ideal for environmental and breath disease monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_4.png,B,"Targeting transcription factors, inspired by the Review on p669.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_4.txt,allv2,20_4.txt,"Targeting chromatin remodellers, inspired by the Review on p661.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_4.txt,groundtruth,23_4.txt,"Targeting cancer metabolism, inspired by the Review on p141.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/21_11.txt,sbert,21_11.txt,"Targeting tumour cell plasticity, inspired by the Review on p39.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,train
Molecular Plant,18_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/18_1.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_1.txt,groundtruth,18_1.txt,"On The Cover A cell wall-localized NLR recognizes Soybean mosaic virus and induces cell death. Soybean mosaic virus infection leads to the accumulation of viral-encoded cylindrical inclusion protein
(CI) in the primary-infected leaf tissue. Cell wall-localized CC-NBS-LRR type NLR
protein Rsc4-3 recognizes CI in the apoplast, induces cell death in the infected and
adjacent cells, and inhibits viral infection in plants. The interaction between Rsc4-3
and Soybean mosaic virus demonstrates an emerging role of apoplast in NLR-triggered plant immune responses.
Image by: Jinlong Yin and Yapei Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/14_2.txt,ave_3,14_2.txt,"On The Cover In plants, RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) is known to play important roles in
transposon silencing, gene regulation and antiviral defense. RdDM is iniatiated with
the transcription of target sequences by a plant-specific RNA polymerase Pol IV. In
this issue, Xu et al. report a critical role of OsNRPD1, the largest subunit of Pol
IV, in the regulation of rice tillering, and Zhang et al. report that the targeted
degradation of OsNRPD1 triggered by expression of P3, a rice bunyavirus-encoded protein,
via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for viral pathogenesis. The
cover artwork diagrams the confrontation of the Monkey King, a famous Chinese mythological
figure, with the Buddha. Hundreds of monkey descendants can be made from the hairs
of the Monkey King, resembling functionally diversified small RNAs generated by Pol
IV. The Buddha represents the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome system, and the flying
dragon denotes P3, a virus virulence protein that functions as a messenger activating
UPS to target Pol IV for degradation. Image by: Shanshan Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_8.txt,ave_2,13_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Lei et al. explore the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA
ALEX1 in enhancing the resistance of rice to bacterial infections through its interaction
with ARF3. Under normal conditions, ALEX1 is expressed at low levels, allowing ARF3 to aggregate into solid-like condensates,
representing an inactive or “non-functional” phase state. However, upon pathogen infection,
ALEX1 expression is upregulated, and it binds directly to the MR domain of ARF3, facilitating
its dimerization and preventing condensate formation. This transition maintains an
active ARF3 pool, which represses the transcription of JAZ13 and activates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, thereby enhancing plant defense. The
cover image depicts the dynamic interplay between ALEX1 and ARF3 in modulating rice immunity. ALEX1 is portrayed as a bow, symbolizing its role in activating ARF3, represented by arrows.
The quiver on the angel's back, filled with blue arrows, signifies ARF3 in its non-functional
condensate state. This visual metaphor highlights how ALEX1 enables ARF3 transition to a functional state, orchestrating plant defense responses
against bacterial pathogens. Image by Meng-Qi Lei, Yang Yu and Yue-Qin Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/18_3.txt,allv2,18_3.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.png,C,"The possibilities seem almost limitless as Watson–Crick base pairing permits the design and construction of molecular-scale architectures that act as vessels, chips, sensors, machines, and computers. Cover art contributions from Liedl (DOI: 10.1021/ar400319n), Famulok (DOI: 10.1021/ar400321h), Dwyer (DOI: 10.1021/ar500054u), and Seeman (DOI: 10.1021/ar500159g).  Design and layout by Philipp Nickels, Stephanie Simmel, and Amy Phifer. Background photo by Andrew Morton (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2014_7.txt,multiBv1,2014_7.txt,"This cover illustration highlights the sophisticated design and application of stretchable physiological microelectrode arrays (MEAs), emphasizing their function as adaptable and biocompatible interfaces for neuron–motor pathways. These state-of-the-art MEAs are crafted to accommodate the dynamic movements of biological tissues, guaranteeing stable and accurate electrophysiological measurements. This breakthrough technology is poised to enhance numerous biomedical applications, such as neural prosthetics and brain–machine interfaces. The exceptional biocompatibility and mechanical resilience of these MEAs facilitate enduring real-time neural signal monitoring, propelling our comprehension and capacity to regulate neural functions for therapeutic interventions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,Wireless magnetoelectric neural stimulator next to a blueberry to demonstrate miniaturization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Thermoelectric (TE) technology enables the direct and reversible conversion between thermal and electrical energy, thereby playing a progressively pivotal role in global energy development. C",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_4.txt,sbert,2023_4.txt,train
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_5.png,D,"A novel plant protein-based nanoparticle delivery system was developed to encapsulate and stabilize curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with different polarities. The presence of EGCG greatly improved the dispersibility, encapsulation properties, and antioxidant activity of curcumin.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2019_4.txt,allv2,2019_4.txt,Postbiotic collagen peptides produced from probiotic fermentation as biological mediators to exert wound-healing activities in gut epithelial cells via the GPR35-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway: Part of this cover (image of a person) has been designed using images from Freepik.com.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_25.txt,ave_3,2022_25.txt,"Kokumi in flow! The γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from Bacillus subtilis was covalently immobilized and used for the synthesis of γ‐glutamyl-(S)-allylcysteine, a kokumi peptide, in a flow system coupled with an in-line purification step.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_10.txt,ave_2,2022_10.txt,Schiff-base-mediated egg white peptide supramolecular self-assembly could serve as robust curcumin carriers for significantly enhancing its transport in intestinal epithelial cells via endocytosis while inhibiting P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_2.png,C,"'Well connected' inspired by the Review on p566
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/19_4.txt,ave_2,19_4.txt,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,"‘Structural similarity networks’, inspired by the Review on p42
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"‘A transforming view’, inspired by the Review on p726
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_2.txt,ave_3,25_2.txt,val
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_11.png,C,Diagnostic assessment of Chagas disease may be improved with protein nanoparticles decorated with the immunogenic α-Gal trisaccharide. These particles allow for the sensitive and selective detection of antibodies generated as a result of T,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_1.txt,ave_2,2016_1.txt,Bacterial glycans are blockbuster antibiotic targets and vaccine candidates that have enormous untapped potential. This work describes novel thioglycosides that alter glycan biosynthesis and fitness in pathogenic bacteria but leave beneficial bacteria and host cells intact. Artwork created by Phuong Luong and Danielle H. Dube.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"the molecular diversity of glycans present in fungal capsules. We report on the mapping of several antibody epitopes that target the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). The accompanying fluorescence microscopy image depicts two antibodies, 13F1 (red) and 18B7 (green), binding to distinct regions of the capsule..",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The cover depicts a microbiome wherein E. coli (blue) responds to quorum sensing signaling molecules produced by other bacteria. This issue features an article by Styles et al. who report new chemical modulators of an E. coli quorum sensing receptor and the characterization of the mode-of-action of a covalent inhibitor using top-down mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,train
Organic Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_2.png,D,"The Chinese character “Chun” on the lantern shows the Spring Festival, which is an occasion of great festivity and reunion. The Chinese character “Fu” behind the structure of CBZ6 illustrates the good vision for the coming Year of the Hare. CBZ6 is as gorgeous as fireworks, which is the traditional custom in Chinese New Year. It provides us with a reliable method for dehalogenation, borylation, and phosphorylation of (hetero)aryl halides. The different kinds of fireworks represent diverse reaction categories, indicating the wide application of CBZ6.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_47.txt,multiBv1,2023_47.txt,Giant cavity naphthalene diimide-extended pillar[6]arene exhibits highly selective binding of pagoda[5]arene over pillar[5]arene and prism[5]arene.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_18.txt,sbert,2023_18.txt,"This image illustrates a bespoke tailor crafting custom templating agents for prism[5]arene synthesis. The authors discovered that DABCO-based cations, forming exceptionally stable complexes with prism[5]arenes, significantly boost macrocyclization yields, streamline purification, and reduce waste.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2024_13.txt,allv2,2024_13.txt,"As the Lunar New Year in the Year of the Snake approached, we developed a method for the addition of Grignard reagents to pillar[4]arene[1]benzoquinone monoxime, enabling the functionalization of pillar[4]arene derivatives. This evoked imagery of the snake, sleek, slithering, and symbolic of intuition, transformation, and growth in Chinese culture, bringing good fortune to the chemists who orchestrated this magical transformation from substrate to diverse products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,train
Current Biology,34_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_4.png,C,"On the cover: The underside of the head of the freshwater sawfish Pristis microdon, showing its saw, nostrils, and mouth. The saw is an elongation of the rostral cartilage
that bears lateral teeth. Both the upper and underside of the saw are covered in thousands
of electroreceptors, namely the ampullae of Lorenzini. In this issue, Wueringer et
al. (pages R150–R151) demonstrate that these sensors allow sawfish to detect weak
bioelectric fields, like those that surround prey fishes. After a weak electric field
or prey item is detected, it is manipulated with the saw. Photo © iStockphoto.com/stphillips.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_20.txt,sbert,22_20.txt,"On the cover: An adult female chimpanzee of the Sonso community in Budongo Forest,
Uganda, vocalizing to inform others. When chimpanzees see dangerous snakes, they emit
a specific alert call indicating the presence of a threat. As shown by Crockford et
al. in this issue (pages 142–146), they are more likely to emit this call when audience
members are ignorant of the snake compared to when they already know about its presence.
Many social animals give alarm calls in response to danger, preferentially when mates
or kin are nearby; chimpanzees, however, appear to go beyond this by taking into account
each others' knowledge and by communicating missing and relevant information to those
who are ignorant. Image courtesy of Florian Möllers; reproduced with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_23.txt,multiBv1,22_23.txt,"On the cover: A close-up view of the head of a tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). In this issue, Han and Carr demonstrate an additional auditory pathway that does not involve the tympanic middle
ear shown in this image. The saccule, an inner ear organ typically associated with
balance, is crucial for detecting substrate-borne vibrations in geckos and possibly
other lizards and snakes. This auditory role of the saccule is an ancestral feature
found in fish and amphibians and is likely preserved in amniotes via the lepidosaurian
lineage. Photograph © Duncan Leitch, used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_4.txt,groundtruth,34_4.txt,"On the cover: Two male red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hang from their feet while wrestling over a pondside calling site in the Panamanian
rainforest. In this issue, Caldwell et al. (1012–1017) study the aggressive behavior
of A. callidryas and show that during conflicts, these frogs shake their bodies to produce a vibrational
signal that travels through the plant substrate to opponents. Most other signaling
behaviors of A. callidryas, including visual displays and acoustic calls, also produce strong, stereotyped plant
vibrations that could be informative to receivers. These findings expose the possibility
that a broader range of arboreal vertebrates may use substrate vibrations to communicate.
Image by M.S. Caldwell.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_14.txt,allv2,20_14.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.png,A,"Brittle star genome
Amphiura filiformis is a brittle star species that lives in burrows in the seabed. It extends its serpent-like arms to suspension-feed on plankton, which leaves the arms vulnerable to a wide range of predators. As an adaptation to this lifestyle, this species has evolved impressive arm regeneration abilities. The brittle star genome sheds light on the molecular basis of this efficient regeneration process.
See Parey et al
Image: Fredrik Pleijel. Cover Design: Vanitha Selvarajan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_5.txt,groundtruth,8_5.txt,"Wing origins
Wild-type (left) and CRISPR/Cas9-induced vestigial mutant (right) of the emerging model crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis. The vestigial mutant lacks both the edge of the dorsal body wall and structures associated with proximal leg segments, suggesting that both of these tissues qualify as crustacean tissues that could share ancestry with insect wings.
See Clark-Hachtel & Tomoyasu
Image: Courtney Clark-Hachtel. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/4_1.txt,ave_2,4_1.txt,"Jellyfish genomes
Genome sequencing of a scyphozoan and a cubozoan jellyfish sheds light on the evolution of medusa-specific structures. Adult moon jelly (Aurelia aurita) is depicted.
See Khalturin et al.
Image: Konstantin Khalturin. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,"Rare ocean gems
Marine plankton communities contain a huge number of distinct species, such as these protists observed by the Tara Oceans expedition at the ocean surface. Although the composition of such communities varies considerably from place to place, the decay in abundance of the rare species that comprise 99% of local richness follows the same power law everywhere.
See Ser-Giacomi et al.
Image: Noé Sardet and Christian Sardet. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/2_5.txt,multiBv1,2_5.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_4.png,A,"With the advantage of the design flexibly in the substitution pattern of triptycene, at both the 1,8,13 and opposite tripodal 4,5,16 positions or the bridgehead 10 position, it is possible to create a wide variety of building blocks for the fabrication of highly organized, functional multi- and monolayer films on solid supports. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,This account presents our current understanding based on recent progress and outstanding issues of interlayer materials in organic solar cells and proposes future directions and opportunities. The description on the structure–property relationship of interlayer materials will further promote the development of electroactive ionenes for interfacing hard–soft matter in organic electronics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_17.txt,allv2,2022_17.txt,"Rationally designed building blocks with multiple in-plane reactive groups grow into flat oligomeric patches through irreversible covalent bond formation without the aid of preorganization or templates, which further turn into nanospheres, thin films, and toroidal nanotubular microrings. This approach, using irreversible covalent bonds for the synthesis of shape-persistent and robust nanostructures, enrich",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_6.txt,sbert,2015_6.txt,"The “Breaking and Mending of Porphyrins” approach toward pyrrole-modified porphyrins carrying one or two non-pyrrolic building blocks proved to be a versatile method to generate dyes with varying optical properties and functionalities at their periphery, features of utility in a number of technical and biological applications. See article by Brückner (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00043).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_7.txt,multiBv1,2016_7.txt,train
Cell Genomics,4_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_3.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Jin et al. present a series of articles based on sequencing data from non-invasive
prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnant women, focusing on multiple phenotypes and diseases.
The cover image represents these articles. On the left is the silhouette of a pregnant
woman; surrounding the fetus in her womb are the radial rings of Manhattan plots,
representing the main content of this series as genome-wide association studies based
on the pregnant woman's genome. The right side of the image contains a blood tube
with a DNA molecule leaping out of it, representing that the samples used in these
studies are from the cell-free DNA in the blood drawn from the pregnant woman's NIPT
examination. Artist credit: Huanhuan Zhu and Linxuan Li, authors from this series
of articles, jointly completed the conceptual design of this cover, with Linxuan Li
completing the graphic illustration.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_3.txt,groundtruth,4_3.txt,"On the cover: For the inaugural cover of Cell Genomics, cover artist Alex Cagan sought to convey the three key pillars of the journal, “open,
collaborative, pioneering,” in an abstracted and playful manner that merges swirling
symbols from the field of genomics with personifications of science and the scientists
conducting the research. This is unified through the language of the dance, which
applies equally to the beautifully intricate cellular mechanisms and rhythms that
underlie life and to the ongoing scientific journey to understand them. The composition
is designed to embody this ongoing and hopeful process of discovery. Illustration
by Alex Cagan (Twitter: @ATJCagan; https://atjcagan.squarespace.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to
construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis,
which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and
then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used
in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_5.txt,sbert,3_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Wu et al. present an innovative approach to non-invasively quantify extracellular RNA (exRNA)
extracted from the spent culture media of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. The cover art ingeniously captures the study's essence,
envisioning the temporal fluctuations of exRNA resembling majestic mountains while
depicting embryos as celestial stars. Crafted by Yuan Liu, this image encapsulates
the intricate interplay between exRNA dynamics and the developmental journey of embryos.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/4_12.txt,ave_2,4_12.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_12.png,B,"Elastic magnetic composites for bioelectronics
Micromagnets dispersed in a polymer matrix are used to realize a soft magnetoelastic generator with high magnetomechanical coupling factor, used for wearable and implantable power generation and sensing applications.
See Zhou et al.
Image: Xun Zhao, University of California, Los Angeles. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_1.txt,allv2,20_1.txt,"Magnetoelectric metamaterials for neurostimulation
Self-rectifying magnetoelectric metamaterials with nonlinear responses generate electrical pulse sequences that enable precisely timed remote neural stimulation and restoration of sensory motor responses in vivo.
See Chen et al.
Image: Maayan Harel. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_12.txt,groundtruth,23_12.txt,"Graphene records infraslow brain waves
Arrays of graphene microtransistors are used to record infraslow cortical brain activity. The reduced signal drift and the array compatibility with optical imaging techniques make these devices useful for monitoring of brain physiology.
See Masvidal-Codina et al. and Hartings News & Views
Image: Dámaso Torres, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2, a center of BIST and CSIC). Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/18_10.txt,ave_2,18_10.txt,"Gear-based mechanical metamaterials
A design paradigm to create robust robotic metamaterials using versatile gear clusters is demonstrated. It enables intriguing programmability of elastic properties and shape while preserving stability for intelligent machines.
See Fang et al.
Image: Xin Fang, National University of Defense Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/21_5.txt,sbert,21_5.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_11.png,A,"Preventing HBV transmission
In this issue, Hou, Liu and colleagues present interim results from the SHIELD program, showing that a comprehensive intervention package is feasible and effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in various health settings in China. The cover is inspired by the traditional Chinese art of paper cutting and depicts a mother protecting her baby from infection with HBV.
See Yin et al.
Image: Jinlin Hou, Southern Medical University. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_11.txt,groundtruth,30_11.txt,This month Nature Medicine features a collection of Reviews that highlight recent progress on the development of effective strategies to prevent and treat hepatitis. The cover shows an electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus particles. Credit: Eye of Science / Science Source.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/19_6.txt,allv2,19_6.txt,"In this issue, Gary Nabel and his colleagues report on the development of a potential vaccine against Chikungunya virus (depicted), an insect-borne virus that causes fever in humans (pp 334–338). Image courtesy of Siyang Sun and Michael Rossmann (Purdue University).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/16_10.txt,ave_3,16_10.txt,"The cover shows a transmission electron micrograph of H5N1 human influenza virus particles isolated from an infected human in Vietnam. On page 1203, de Jong and colleagues report findings from immunological and virological studies of 18 people infected with H5N1 in Vietnam. Their analysis provides clues about why H5N1 is so lethal to humans. Image courtesy of ©, NIBSC/PHOTO RESEARCHERS,INC.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/12_3.txt,multiBv1,12_3.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.png,A,"‘Neuroscience in natural contexts’, inspired by the Perspective on p809
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"‘Brain activity on the move’, inspired by the Perspective on p347.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_7.txt,sbert,24_7.txt,"‘Neuroconnectionism’, inspired by the Perspective on p431
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/24_6.txt,multiBv1,24_6.txt,"‘The runaway brain’ inspired by the Review on p346
Cover Design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/20_7.txt,allv2,20_7.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_3.png,A,"In this issue, two articles discuss the use and application of bioacoustic
information. First, on pages 947–960, Elly Knight and colleagues discuss what is
needed to identify individuals in bioacoustic recordings, which have historically
focused on the identification of species. Second, on pages 961–973, William Oestreich
and colleagues discuss how information from bioacoustics recordings can be used
to assess animal behaviour. They argue that because behaviour typically represents
animals’ first response to environmental change, behavioural bioacoustics can provide
insights into animals’ adaptations to global change. The cover shows a black-footed
albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) calling among foraging conspecifics in Monterey Bay,
California, USA. Image credit: William Oestreich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_3.txt,groundtruth,39_3.txt,"Playback experiments have shown that geladas (Theropithecus gelada), pictured here, use comparatively little of the social information that is available
to them. Information is increasingly an explicit focus of research in ecology and
evolution; this drives laboratory research to strengthen ecological context and field
research to strengthen causal mechanisms. On pages 1041–1050, Thore Bergman and Jacinta
Beehner introduce Information Ecology. Information Ecology research asks three questions:
What information is available to animals? How is it used (or not)? And, why is it
used (or not)? Photo credit: Jacinta Beehner.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_2.txt,multiBv1,38_2.txt,"For many animals, acoustic signals are known to have a role in mate choice, resource
defense and species recognition. Many have therefore suggested they have a role in
evolutionary divergence and speciation. However, the likely mechanisms for this are
poorly understood. On pp. 156–166 of this issue Matthew Wilkins, Nathalie Seddon,
and Rebecca Safran set out a conceptual framework for understanding and testing the
processes that might be involved in acoustic divergence. The cover shows a calling
Canyon Wren, Catherpes mexicanus. (Photo by Jeff Mitton.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/28_10.txt,allv2,28_10.txt,"In the Anthropocene, animals are experiencing novel environments with new threats
and rewards. Animals often respond by altering their behaviour. In this special issue,
we aim is to demonstrate the importance that behavioural responses play in determining
the fate of populations and ecosystems in a changing world, and the promise current
advances have to mitigate large-scale negative changes. The cover image shows eland
(Taurotragus oryx) grazing against the skyline of Nairobi, Kenya. Photo credit: Vicki Jauron, Babylon
and Beyond Photography via Getty images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_10.txt,ave_2,38_10.txt,train
ACS Physical Chemistry Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_3.png,A,"Protein engineering is in large part “a game” to construct a protein from amino acid building blocks. The game can be stochastic, such as directed evolution or, if the rules of the game are known, rational design can be involved. Here, we took advantage of both approaches to develop new archaerhodopsin-3-based fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with red-shifted absorption bands and potential-dependent bright fluorescence.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"The cover features the interaction at the nanoscale between amine functionalized polymers and sodium ions competing for mica binding sites. By varying the concentration of the species in play, for the first time, we systematically observe a trend in the macroscopic adhesion measurements, which can be predicted well by a competing Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, our work provides a visualization of the ionic species at the solid–liquid interface together with thermodynamic information on their kinetic parameters.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2021_1.txt,sbert,2021_1.txt,"Artist impression of Archaerhodopsin 3 and retinal on a background of HEK293T cells, expressing an Arch-3 library, screened with a compact microscope for voltage imaging in the Brinks lab. Image by Marco Post and Xin Meng.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"Amino acids will be observed remotely, the diffuse interstellar bands will be linked to molecular carriers, and direct spectral observations of exoplanetary atmospheres will produce clear chemical signals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Physical Chemistry Au/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_7.png,A,"Three-dimensional electronics
Our 2024 technology of the year is three-dimensional electronics.
See Editorial
Image: Kameon/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_7.txt,groundtruth,7_7.txt,"Printing stretchable electronics in three dimensions
Three-dimensional structures made of stretchable conductors can be printed using an emulsion-based composite ink. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the capabilities of the approach, which can be used to create different three-dimensional geometries that have a minimum feature size of less than 100 μm and a stretchability of more than 150%.
See Lee et al. and News & Views by Zhou & Yuk
Image: Seungjun Chung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_9.txt,sbert,6_9.txt,"Brain–computer interfaces
Our 2023 technology of the year is brain–computer interfaces.
See Editorial
Illustration, L. Heslop / Springer Nature; background element, Kody King / iStock / Getty Images Plus Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_11.txt,multiBv1,6_11.txt,"Quantum computing
Our 2025 technology of the year is quantum computing.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/8_1.txt,allv2,8_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.png,D,"Activity of antibody–drug conjugates in brain tumours, inspired by the Review on p372.
Cover design: S.Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_7.txt,ave_3,20_7.txt,"Targeting tumours with antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p327.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"The various toxicities from antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p558.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_5.txt,sbert,20_5.txt,"Improving anticancer activity of antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p203.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,train
Nature Photonics,18_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_7.png,A,"Ultrafast tunnelling spectroscopy
Lightwave-driven scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, which combines atomic spatial resolution with sub-picosecond temporal resolution and millielectronvolt energy resolution, enables the analysis of the energy dynamics of a single-atom defect in a 2D material excited by phonons.
See Roelcke et al.
Image: Brad Baxley, PtW. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/18_7.txt,groundtruth,18_7.txt,"Artist's impression of the optical apparatus used to perform fluorescent imaging of a single, trapped, cooled ytterbium ion. The ultrahigh positional sensitivity of the approach makes it possible to directly observe atomic motion.
Article p606
IMAGE: SEAN KELLEY/JOINT QUANTUM INSTITUTE
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/10_4.txt,sbert,10_4.txt,"Ultrafast terahertz nanoscopy
Artistic impression of near-field terahertz nanoscopy probing the femtosecond dynamics of interlayer excitons (red-blue bubble structures) in van der Waals heterobilayers (grey spheres).
See Huber et al.
IMAGE: Markus Plankl, University of Regensburg. COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/15_5.txt,allv2,15_5.txt,"Ultrafast Rydberg interactions
Artistic impression of the dipole–dipole interactions between two closely spaced, optically trapped Rydberg atoms that have been excited by a laser pulse. As such interactions are ultrafast and coherent they are promising for realizing a quantum gate.
See Chew et al. and Xu and Zhan
Image: Takafumi Tomita, Institute for Molecular Science, Natural Institutes of Natural Sciences. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Photonics/16_3.txt,ave_2,16_3.txt,train
Current Biology,34_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_19.png,B,"On the cover: Kootenayscolex barbarensis from the 508-million-year-old Burgess Shale. The morphology of the ur-annelid has
remained cryptic, in large part due to the exceeding rareness of annelid body fossils.
In this issue, Nanglu and Caron (pages 319–326) describe a new annelid near the temporal
origins of the group, specifically detailing a head morphology unique to this species
that has no true modern counterpart. These results suggest that there may have been
a greater diversity in early annelid morphologies than was previously known. Further,
the authors provide two hypotheses for the early evolution of the annelid head, drawing
from the developmental biology of extant Annelida. Image credit: © Royal Ontario Museum.
Drawing by ROM paleoartist Danielle Dufault.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/28_23.txt,allv2,28_23.txt,"On the cover: There is more than meets the eye in this female Phalangium opilio, an arachnid commonly known as daddy-longlegs. Daddy-longlegs were always thought
to have just two eyes, which sit on top of a periscope-like projection of the head.
In this issue, Gainett et al. provide neuroanatomic and genetic evidence that extant daddy-longlegs have additional
vestigial eyes, which correspond to those previously described in four-eyed fossils
from the Carboniferous. This discovery impacts the phylogenetic position of these
fossils and age estimates for the origin of the group and underscores the importance
of vestigial organs for understanding evolution. Photograph © Roman Willi; used with
permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_19.txt,groundtruth,34_19.txt,"On the cover: The image shows a scanning electron micrograph of the head of a sunburst
diving beetle larva. The two prominent eyes on each side of the head enable these
larvae to be highly efficient visually guided predators. In this issue, Stowasser
et al. (1482–1486) demonstrate that the more ventral eye has a bifocal lens that separates
images dorsoventrally in addition to in depth. Because this eye also has two anatomically
separated retinas, the two images that result from the bifocal lens can each be projected
onto their own retina.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_9.txt,sbert,20_9.txt,"On the cover: Oviparous (egg-laying) cartilaginous fishes are emerging as experimentally
tractable models for studies of vertebrate development. Their phylogenetic position,
as the sister group to the bony fishes (including tetrapods), also renders them useful
for studies of early vertebrate evolution. Shown here is a hatchling of the little
skate (Leucoraja erinacea), just moments after emerging from its leathery egg case. In this issue, Gillis and
Tidswell (pages 729–732) use cell lineage tracing experiments to demonstrate that
the gills of the little skate derive from endoderm, as in lampreys and hagfish. This
finding of a common embryonic origin of gills in jawed and jawless vertebrates overturns
the long-held view that gills evolved independently in these two lineages. Rather,
it now appears as though pharyngeal gills evolved once, very early in vertebrate evolution,
in conjunction with the transition to a more active lifestyle. Image by Andrew Gillis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_20.txt,multiBv1,27_20.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,36_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/36_1.png,D,"Central circadian pacemakers, sleep/wake homeostasis, and feeding/fasting rhythms
coordinate distant metabolic processes for efficient metabolism through endocrine
and neuronal signals. Disruption of any of them can induce obesity and dysmetabolism.
In pages 69–83 in this issue, Armir Zarrinpar and colleagues dissect the relationship
between cellular cycles, feeding pattern and metabolic homeostasis, and propose that
a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms could help open new
avenues for anti-obesity therapies. Image is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/27_13.txt,allv2,27_13.txt,"On pages 25–36 of this issue, Frazier and Chang discuss communication and interaction
between microbial derived mediators and the host circadian system, and the implications
this may have on host health and metabolism. Cover image from Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/31_12.txt,multiBv1,31_12.txt,"The composition of bacteria inhabiting the intestine can be modulated in response
to dietary changes. In turn, the gut microbiota can regulate host energy harvest,
lipid metabolism, endocrine function and inflammatory tone. The gut microbiota can
also promote obesity in mice, and its composition correlates with type 2 diabetes
in humans. On pages 117–123, Greiner and Bäckhed examine interactions between the
gut microbiota, obesity and metabolic disease. The cover image shows an artistic representation
of Bacilli, which can be found in the human gut. Image credit: Science Photo Library/Pasieka/Getty
Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/22_9.txt,sbert,22_9.txt,"Gut-brain crosstalk regulates energy homeostasis through multiple
mechanisms. This month, we approach this relationship from a variety of perspectives,
including the neuroendocrine regulation of gut-brain signaling in metabolic disorders
(Gruber et al), the interaction between gut microbiome and circadian rhythms (Soliz-
Rueda et al), the microbial metabolites associated with gut health (Grant et al, Nunzi
et al) and the potential of microbiome-based therapies for metabolic diseases (Vazquez-
Uribe et al). The cover depicts gut-brain communication as sand in an hourglass,
highlighting its circadian component. Cover credits: Cristina Cuesta Martí.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/36_1.txt,groundtruth,36_1.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_11.png,D,"Damp-proofing perovskites
Perovskite solar cells have recently taken centre stage in photovoltaic research thanks to their high efficiency in converting solar radiation into electricity. However, they are affected by poor stability, partly caused by moisture. Yang et al. now report a water-resistant layer that protects the surface of the perovskite device from moisture in high-humidity environments.
See Yang et al. 1, 15016 (2016).
IMAGE: Huagui Yang.COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"Degradation in a vacuum
Understanding the factors that reduce the power output of perovskite solar cells over time is key to their development. This image illustrates the greater structural and morphological degradation of the perovskite layer when solar cells are operated under vacuum instead of nitrogen, as observed by Renjun Guo and colleagues.
See Guo et al.
Image: Vera Hiendl, e-conversion. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_3.txt,ave_3,6_3.txt,"Stability is on the tin
The stability of tin–lead perovskite solar cells has been falling behind that of pure lead perovskite devices despite recent advancements. Prasanna et al. now redesign the device architecture, extending the retention of the initial solar cell performance from a few hours to a thousand hours under light, heat or humidity.
Prasanna et al.
Image: Michael D. McGehee. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/4_2.txt,sbert,4_2.txt,"Protecting the perovskite layer
The stability of perovskite solar cells under operating conditions remains a challenge. Suo et al. develop a sulfonium-based molecule that affords the perovskite material protection against environmental stress factors like moisture or light irradiation, showing solar cells with negligible efficiency loss after 4,500 hours of operation.
See Suo et al.
Image: Dmitry Bogachuk, Solarlab Aiko Europe. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_11.txt,groundtruth,9_11.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,37_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/37_2.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_1.txt,allv2,37_1.txt,"On the cover: The current issue marks the 15th anniversary of Cell Metabolism. To highlight the occasion, original artwork was commissioned from the artist Michael
Pantuso (https://www.pantusodesign.com/) and shared with the journal. The image reflects the exploration, typically in mouse
models, and reporting of strong mechanistic insight into physiology and disease that
have been the hallmark of research reports in Cell Metabolism since its inception.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/31_6.txt,ave_3,31_6.txt,"On the cover: Cell Metabolism is turning ten! We are celebrating a decade of publishing high-quality metabolic
research, and for this special anniversary we asked Bang Wong, the artist who drew
the inaugural cover in 2005, for his take ten years later. His new cover conceptualizes
how, in the last decade, key technical advances have led to the top ten breakthroughs
in the metabolism field, with the spiral unravelling the top ten challenges for the
years ahead of us. As the artist himself explains, he “carried over the golden spiral
as a metaphorical bookend to a decade of transformative advances in metabolic research.
As science is a story that continuously unfolds, the descriptions of catalytic techniques
and breakthroughs are arrayed uninterrupted with the challenges ahead.” For more details
about this cover and the original one, check out our anniversary page at http://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/ten.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/21_6.txt,ave_2,21_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. develop a high-performance biosensor for arginine, named STAR, which lights up arginine's
functional diversity in physiology and pathology. The cover image is an original artwork
depicting a night sky, resembling the unexplored mystery of arginine metabolism. The
bright stars, arranged in the pattern of the arginine molecular formula, light up
the night sky, which stands for the excellent ability of the STAR sensor in illuminating
arginine metabolism. Artwork by Qing Zhang and Yaqiong Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/37_2.txt,groundtruth,37_2.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_7.png,A,"Reconstructing the origins of Chinese dialects
The relative contribution of demographic versus cultural diffusion to the evolution of Han Chinese dialects has been unclear. By digitizing a large lexical dataset of Chinese dialects and comparing it to genetic profiles, Yang et al. reveal a hybrid model of language diffusion that consists of both population migrations and social learning across different regions of China.
See Yang et al. See also News & Views by Xu & Wang
Image: Menghan Zhang and Chengkun Yang from Fudan University, Kai Li and Valentine He from Kehuitang Art studio. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_7.txt,groundtruth,8_7.txt,"Mapping human mobility
Using large-scale data, Kraemer et al. find that human mobility patterns vary across the globe and in scale by environmental and sociodemographic contexts. There are tenfold differences in mobility patterns depending on the countries’ economic development.
See Kraemer et al.
Cover image: Kiyoshi Takahase Segundo / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"Understanding substitution dynamics
A considerable number of ideas, products and behaviours spread by substitution (replacing one item for another), but very little is known about diffusion in substitutive systems. Jin et al. find that early growth patterns in substitutive systems are different than in non-substitutive systems: they follow power laws rather than exponentials.
See Jin et al.
Cover image: Sergey Nivens / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_5.txt,ave_1,3_5.txt,"Ancient hunter-gatherer pottery
The spread of new technologies has been a driving force for cultural evolution. Until recently, relatively little was known about the spread of innovation among ancient hunter-gatherers. Analysis of pottery made and used by hunter-gatherers in northeastern Europe in the sixth millennium BC supports the existence of super-regional networks that enabled cultural transmission long before the arrival of farming.
See Dolbunova et al. See also News & Views by Shennan
Cover image: Slava Mazai/EyeEm/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_11.txt,multiBv1,7_11.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_10.png,C,"On the cover: Cell-type-specific bioelectric response. In this issue of Cell Systems, Colin Comerci, Alan Gillman et al. (p. 488) demonstrate how electrically stimulating
a bacterial biofilm promotes the proliferation of motile cells (orange) over matrix-producing
cells (blue) around the electrode (black disk), despite the cells being genetically
identical and living in the same microenvironment. Image credit: Nicholas Wilson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_7.txt,allv2,13_7.txt,"On the cover: A wave of gene-expression states, traveling from bottom right to top
left, in a field of communicating cells. Each circle is a cell, and the colors represent
gene-expression states. The image was produced by vertically stacking temporally adjacent
snapshots of a simulation so that the uppermost layer (protruding out of the page)
shows the present and the layers below it (going into the page) successively show
the future. Each stack of cells (present to future) is identical to its diagonally
(towards northwest) adjacent, underlying stack of future cells—a hallmark of dynamic
spatial patterns such as waves that coherently transmit information across space.
In this issue of Cell Systems, Dang et al. (82–98) developed a theory to determine how cells can form dynamic spatial
patterns by communicating with diffusible molecules and a software package for simulating
this communication. Image by Max A. Betjes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_6.txt,multiBv1,10_6.txt,"On the cover: Materials harboring engineered bacteria and active sites are grafted
with fluorescent proteins (GFP and mCherry), visualized in yellow by merging the red
and green channels. The proteins are synthesized and autonomously released by the
encapsulated cells (visible as scattered distributed red or green dots). In this issue
of Cell Systems, Zhu et al. introduce a living grafting approach, facilitated by engineered bacteria, to functionalize
materials with modular, dynamic, and regenerated biological features, thereby broadening
their utility beyond conventional limits. Image credit: Runtao Zhu and Jiao Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_10.txt,groundtruth,15_10.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Systems, Larkin et al. (137–145) image electrochemical cell-to-cell signaling within a bacterial
biofilm. The warm-colored cells form a spatially connected cluster of signaling cells
across the entire field of view. The blue cells are engaged in signaling, but not
forming a connected path. Uncolored cells are not signaling. Biofilms organize themselves
at this tipping point between having only short-range signaling connectivity and a
fully connected conduit of firing cells, called “percolation”, in order to efficiently
transmit electrochemical signals. Percolation is a general phenomenon used to understand
connectivity in many heterogeneous systems like forest fires and fluid flow through
sedimentary rock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/7_5.txt,sbert,7_5.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_22.png,C,"Crystal engineering actively explores supramolecular control strategies to construct functional materials. An emerging approach relies on the concept of long-range synthon Aufbau modules (LSAMs) to transfer a “large synthon” from one structure to another. The strategy was used to transfer known supramolecular synthons from trihalophenols into cocrystals with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene. The cocrystals are photoreactive and undergo single-crystal reactivity (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 2511–2518).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_8.txt,multiBv1,2019_8.txt,"To understand the kinetically controlled polymorphic superstructures of soft materials, phase transition behaviors of a pyrene-based asymmetric molecule were studied by the combination of scattering and morphological and thermal analyses (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 1707–1715).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_9.txt,allv2,2017_9.txt,"A three-step bending of a 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin crystal upon UV light irradiation from one side of the crystal: First the crystal shows the action away from the light source, then toward the incident light, and finally again away from the light source. The motion is driven by the photodimerization and amorphization.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"The control of tetra (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP) crystal morphology was achieved by a reverse antisolvent crystallization process. The results reveal the solvent addition order and the antisolvent molecular geometry play a critical role in the design of specific organic crystal morphologies. Rod-, disk-, and cube-shaped crystals were grown using o-, m-, and p-xylene antisolvents, respectively.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_1.txt,ave_1,2018_1.txt,test
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_6.png,B,"COVER: Emerging complications of diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,"The individual response to antibiotics and diet, inspired by the Review on p387.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_6.txt,groundtruth,20_6.txt,"The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders, inspired by the Review on p511.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.txt,multiBv1,20_4.txt,"The role of the gut microbiota in body weight homeostasis, inspired by the Review on p258.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_8.txt,allv2,19_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_5.png,A,"On the cover: The cover features a set of fluorescence microscopy images of the keratin
intermediate filament cytoskeleton network, which provides mechanical strength to
epithelial cells. The different image colors represent the many different mixtures
of keratin isoforms expressed depending on the cellular context. Images from different
time points are superimposed, providing a sense of motion. The blue and yellow panel
traces the filament paths, emphasizing their mesh-like network configuration. To learn
more about how different keratin isoforms influence epithelial cell behavior, see
Nanes et al. Image credit: Benjamin Nanes.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_5.txt,groundtruth,59_5.txt,"On the cover: Pseudo-colored scanning EM of two keratinocytes at the last stages of
zippering up their adherens junctions. The image is reminiscent of the ocean waves
on a calm day leaving behind sand bars as they retreat from the shore. To learn more
about the role of junctional stability in maintaining stem cell quiescence, see Biswas
et al. (761–780). Cover image created by Avinanda Banerjee.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_19.txt,allv2,56_19.txt,"On the cover: The two epithelia (shown flanking the four central 3D images) are low-magnification
snapshots taken from time-lapse fluorescence imaging of Myosin-II-RFP (red) and adherens
junctions (E-Cadherin-GFP, green) in the dorsal thorax of Drosophila melanogaster. The 3D views down the middle of the image show four time points of epithelial mitosis,
from anaphase (bottom left) to cytokinesis (upper right); adherens junctions (green)
are visible throughout the tissue, while Myosin-II-RFP (red) marks the actomyosin
contractile ring of the dividing cell. For more information about the regulation of
epithelial cell tension and how it impacts on cytokinesis in vivo, see Founounou et
al. (pp. 242–255) and the two related companion papers by Herszterg et al. (pp. 256–270)
and Guillot and Lecuit (pp. 227–241).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/24_4.txt,multiBv1,24_4.txt,"On the cover: The image (from an original oil painting) represents cells migrating
and intercalating into an epithelial monolayer. The green area at the bottom of the
image is an epithelium with intact tight junctions, and the blue and magenta shapes
represent the incoming cells, some of which have settled onto the surface and begun
to penetrate between existing epithelial cells and integrate into the monolayer. To
learn more about mammary epithelial cell intercalation during ductal elongation, see
Pfannenstein et al., 1126–1138. Image credit: Ian Macara.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_12.txt,sbert,58_12.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_1.png,D,"From gene variants to disease mechanisms
A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight disrupts the cortical actin cytoskeleton in subcutaneous adipocytes, which results in decreased adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The image depicts differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and cortical F-actin (yellow).
See Glunk et al.
Image: Phil Kubitz, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,"A warming variant
A human genetic variant in the FTO locus increases the thermogenic capacity of brown adipocytes and protects against diet-induced obesity in mice. This image depicts human fetal brown adipose tissue, indicating the colocalization (yellow) of FTO (green) and UCP1 (red).
See Zhang et al.
Image: Jiqiu Wang. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_5.txt,allv2,5_5.txt,"Thermogenic adipocyte progenitors in perivascular adipose tissue
Angueira et al. and Shamsi et al. identify populations of vascular smooth muscle cells that give rise to thermogenic adipocyte progenitors in brown and perivascular adipose tissues.
See Angueira et al. and Shamsi et al.
Image: Anthony Angueira, Lan Cheng and Li Li. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_9.txt,ave_3,3_9.txt,"Inuit genetic variants
4% of the Inuit population from snowy Greenland (pictured) are homozygous for a specific TBC1D4 loss-of-function variant, which leads to skeletal muscle insulin resistance but allows for a normal metabolic response to exercise.
See Kristensen, J. M., Kjøbsted, R. et al.
Image: Wirestock, Inc. / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Electronic Materials,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_2.png,A,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,The cover art depicts the porous nitrogen-doped carbon film electrode by carbonizing the ZIF-8/cotton composite fabric and its application in flexible supercapacitors. The ZIF-8-derived carbon layer promotes the capacitive performance. Such an electrode can be integrated into wearable systems as a power source.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2021_8.txt,ave_2,2021_8.txt,Two-dimensional (2D) materials-coated paper-based helical origami triboelectric nanogenerators (O-TENGs) are designed to harvest blue energy. The efficient charge transfer between the cellulose and 2D materials significantly improves the output performance of the O-TENGs. This,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"The cover art depicts a ball-point conductive pen based on high-performance carbon nanoconductive ink that can draw electronic circuits at will. The conductive pen can quickly and conveniently draw electronic circuits or sensors on the surfaces of flexible substrates or irregular substrates, providing a solution that other printing technologies cannot achieve: rapid printing on uneven substrate surfaces.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Electronic Materials/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.png,B,"In this Review, Bell et al. describe current VR-based treatments for mental health conditions and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"In this Review, Schmid et al. describe the costs and benefits of vaccine mandates and alternative approaches that could promote vaccine uptake.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,"In this Perspective, Helmich et al. question the clinical utility of early warning signals and discuss alternative avenues for early change prediction.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_2.txt,sbert,3_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,23_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.png,B,"A framework for RNA-based medicines, inspired by the Review on p421.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_7.txt,allv2,23_7.txt,"The art of therapeutic mRNA design, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/23_12.txt,groundtruth,23_12.txt,"Noncoding RNA therapeutics, inspired by the Perspective on p629.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_5.txt,sbert,20_5.txt,"mRNA vaccines, inspired by the Review on p817.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_2.txt,multiBv1,20_2.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_11.png,A,"The cover illustrates a child donating a finger prick blood sample containing
malaria parasites. The blood samples are processed to purify DNA that contains both
human
and parasite materials. Targeted amplification of parasite molecular markers enables
further
analysis. Molecular markers are illustrated as coloured segments distributed throughout
the DNA strand. Genotypes comprised of these markers are used to conduct population
genetic analyses to describe malaria transmission patterns. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Ruybal- Pesántez et al. review the landscape of molecular markers available
for malaria genomic surveillance and their utility according to defi ned use cases
for malaria
control. Image credit: Thorey Jonsdottir.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_11.txt,groundtruth,40_11.txt,"Transgenesis emerges as a promising approach for combating malaria
by targeting the parasite in the mosquito vectors. Through genome editing tools,
researchers have managed to generate genetically engineered mosquitoes that exhibit
significant resistance to the malaria parasites. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Kefi
et al. review the current literature of the available transgenic methodologies to generate
Plasmodium-refractory Anopheles vectors and discuss both advances and challenges
to be overcome for their practical application. The cover image shows a transgenic
mosquito expressing the GFP reporter gene (green color) under the 3XP3 promoter that
drives the transgene expression in the optic nerves and the eyes. Image credit: Yuemei
Dong (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_7.txt,sbert,40_7.txt,"Genomic epidemiology has shown great public health potential across diseases. In the
context of malaria, an increasing wealth of genomic data is being generated, yet a
unified framework allowing optimal use of the data is lacking. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Camponovo, Buckee, and Taylor define a new concept of measurably recombining pathogens,
and using this concept propose an analysis framework linking genomic and epidemiological
processes. The cover image illustrates how genomic variation resulting from sexual
recombination arises over time in a Plasmodium population. Generating genomic variation requires a baseline of genomic diversity,
for example via the introduction of new genotypes through migration (big circles).
When genetically distinct parasites undergo sexual reproduction, recombination leads
to new genomic signals in the offspring, represented here by mixing colours. Cover
image designed by Flavia Camponovo, with the female anopheles drawn by Caroline Buckee.
The design is inspired by the abstract works of the artist Alma Thomas.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/39_12.txt,allv2,39_12.txt,"The cover illustrates drug action against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. After the parasite is injected into the human host (red central
area) through the bite of an infected mosquito (surrounding purple area), the parasite
goes through a maze of different developmental stages and host tissues. After exiting
the liver, parasites undergo cycles of growth in red blood cells and eventually develop
into gametocytes that can be transmitted to mosquitoes. Antimalarial drugs (yellow
chemical structure) can block the development of these stages of human infection.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Okombo et al. review the recent genomic and genetic advances in studying Plasmodium biology and antimalarial drug discovery. Yang et al. then give an overview of the achievements and future directions of the Malaria Drug
Accelerator (MalDA) consortium, a partnership of 15 leading academic and industrial
laboratories. Image credit: Hratch Arbach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_7.txt,multiBv1,37_7.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_39,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.png,A,"I&ECR celebrates the illustrious career of Prof. Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan! In honor of his groundbreaking research and dedication to engineering education, we present this virtual special issue dedicated to his achievements. From pioneering multiphase reaction engineering to advancing clean energy production and sustainability, Prof. Al-Dahhan's contributions have shaped the field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_39.txt,groundtruth,2024_39.txt,The coupling between chemical reaction engineering and catalysis is at the heart of Professor Enrico Tronconi?s career. Outstanding examples of his achievements are the analysis of the complex chemistry behind NOx removal and the development of structured reactors for intensified catalytic processes. (Artist Acknowledgement: Lia Tagliavini),MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_34.txt,ave_2,2021_34.txt,"This compilation from renowned scientists endeavors to pay tribute to the distinguished career of Professor Dmitri Murzin, acknowledging his profound impact on the area of catalysis and chemical technology through both his scholarly endeavors and educational initiatives. Professor Murzin's legacy is celebrated for its significant contributions to advancing scientific knowledge and fostering the growth of future generations of researchers in these pivotal fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_41.txt,allv2,2024_41.txt,"This cover highlights the International CAMURE-ISMR Symposium. The meeting is traditionally dedicated to the study of the role of interfaces in multiphase and multifunctional reactors that affect the catalytic reaction rate. Kinetics, mass transfer, CFD, reactor design, reactor simulation, and process intensification are the main topics discussed in the meeting and contained in the CAMURE11-ISMR10 Special Issue articles.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_6.txt,ave_3,2021_6.txt,val
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_6.png,C,"A sustainable strategy was proposed to efficiently generate HO∙ in alkaline solution during a photoelectrochemical process. The photogenerated hole would directly oxidize OH- to HO∙, while single atom Cu and a photogenerated electron would reduce electrogenerated H2O2 to HO∙.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_3.txt,ave_3,2022_3.txt,showcases the latest research in the application of electrified membranes for the remediation of environmentally,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,"Laser-induced graphene-based electroconductive membranes (ECMs) have the potential for electro-cleaning of the fouled membranes. Non-oxidative electro-cleaning effectively prolongs the ECM lifespan by avoiding damage, while catalytic oxidative cleaning offers superior flux recovery for severely fouled membranes, highlighting innovative strategies for enhancing ECM performance in membrane technology.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"Heat-treated stainless steel (SS) materials serving as anodes for microbial fuel cells have received attention. Our study found that the SS electrode treated at 900 °C with abundant Fe3O4 had the best bioelectricity generation performance. Thermal treatment not only improved the biocompatibility and biofilm stability on the SS electrodes but also promoted the direct extracellular electron transfer (EET) of electroactive microbes (EAMs). This figure concisely expounds the core concepts of our work. It illustrates that iron oxides modification, especially for Fe3O4, not only promoted the EET process of EAMs but also improved the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_12.txt,ave_2,2023_12.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_8.png,C,"SARS-CoV-2 main protease has a dual role in pathogen survival in a host by cleaving viral polyproteins, the process crucial for replication of viruses, and by cleaving host protein, galectin 8, leading to decreased cytokine production and a suppressed host defense mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_9.txt,sbert,2023_9.txt,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,Capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria complexed with a human functional monoclonal antibody to gain information on the minimal structural epitope at the atomic level.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_3.png,B,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,M(ImPhen)3,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,2+,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_8.txt,allv2,2015_8.txt,-,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2012_6.txt,ave_2,2012_6.txt,test
Trends in Chemistry,6_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_11.png,B,"One year ago, Trends in Chemistry began with “big questions in chemistry,” because we firmly believe that quality Reviews
go beyond simply synthesizing relevant literature; they raise important questions.
These questions, of course, provide groundwork for future research (the issue’s tagline).
Beyond these important topical issues; however, our Reviews provide groundwork for
accomplishing a mission that is very near and dear to the heart: encouraging and facilitating
deeper, more thoughtful discussion and collaboration within the community. The cover
image embodies this idea nicely, that is, from stem cells to STEM gels. On pages 341–353
of this issue, Matyjaszewski and colleagues review the idea of creating structurally
tailored and engineering macromolecular (STEM) gels based on the operational principle
of stem cells (shown in the background). The STEM gel in the lower left-hand corner
is in an “undifferentiated” state, whereas the other two STEM gels have post-synthesis
“differentiation” (i.e., grafted with linear or branched polymers). Put simply, the
“undifferentiated” gel provides a platform for future modifi cation (e.g., polymers,
enzymes, and/or inorganic catalysts) which is a concrete representation of the abstract
idea behind this special issue. Image credit: Julia Cuthbert, Tomasz Kowalewski, Krzysztof
Matyjaszewski, and Rachel Keeney, Carnegie Mellon University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/2_10.txt,ave_1,2_10.txt,"Developing new medicines requires a huge amount of time, effort and
money to bring them to market, not to mention the negative environmental impacts
from the synthetic routes and chemicals used. All of these costs are then passed
onto the consumers - therefore those in low/limited income countries worldwide have
reduced access to life-saving medications that are sorely needed. In his Opinion
article, Professor Bruce Lipshutz makes the case that adhering to the Principles of
Green Chemistry, alongside new green technologies, can lead to more environmentally
responsible and cost-effective synthetic routes for manufacturing vital drug molecules,
benefitting the health and well-being of many across the globe. Image credit: Getty
Images/artpartner-images",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_11.txt,groundtruth,6_11.txt,"On The Cover: In addition to achieving ever-shorter and more concise syntheses, a growing focus
of modern total synthesis is generating analogs of natural-product targets for biological
studies, often with the goal of new drug development. On pages 630–643 of this issue,
Stoltz and colleagues address an important strategy for accessing such natural product
analogs: modular total synthesis. Based on the design principle of modularity that
involves dividing a system into smaller ‘modules’ that can be interchanged, modular
total synthesis can be defined as a convergent approach to a target using interchangeable
building blocks of intermediate complexity. The cover image conceptualizes this idea
by drawing analogy to the ancient Chinese tangram which is a dissection puzzle consisting
of seven flat shapes of varying size (tans) that are assembled to create a desired
overall pattern.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Due to the increased awareness of the environmental and health issues
arising from the excessive use of synthetic colorants, there has been a growing demand
for natural colorants. Systems metabolic engineering of microorganisms has enabled
the production of natural colorants in a greener and sustainable manner. On pages
608–626, Lee and colleagues review recent metabolic engineering tools and strategies
applied for the microbial production of natural colorants and their derivatives. Image
credit: Cindy Pricilia Surya Prabowo, Hyunmin Eun, and Sang Yup Lee (Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology, KAIST).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/4_6.txt,multiBv1,4_6.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_13.png,A,"On the cover: Wiring cellular decision-making during trunk development. The image
shows a Trunk-Like Structures (TLS) used in this study in combination with a molecular
recorder to investigate progenitor cell dynamics during mouse gastrulation and early
organogenesis. TLS is depicted as a complex mixture of wires which reflect their underlying
cell types from fluorescent staining on top of a phylogenetic lineage tree with leaves
colored by different cell types, to symbolize the complex repertoire of differentiation
decisions that we characterized to ensure correct tissue morphogenesis. To learn more
about how the authors assess the features of axial elongation and trunk tissue morphogenesis
using TLSs, see Bolondi et al. Image credit: Adriano Bolondi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_13.txt,groundtruth,59_13.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts clonal dispersion during branching morphogenesis.
A reconstructed ductal tree of an embryonic murine salivary gland lobe (white lines)
showing clones resulting from labelling individual cells at the initial stages of
development and tracing them until the terminal stage of branching. These 3D maps
provide a record of fate decision at proliferative tips during development. Each circle
represents a single cell, and each colour identifies a given clone. To learn more
about cell fate specification during branching morphogenesis, see Chatzeli et al.,
94–109. Image credit: Lemonia Chatzeli and Ignacio Bordeu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_23.txt,allv2,58_23.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows a skeletal preparation from an E16.5 mouse embryo, stained
with alizarin red and alcian blue. Ossification centers appear red with prominent
grainy texture, while the cartilage appears green and blue. The image was processed
in Photoshop using the glowing edge filter. In this issue, Kahn et al. (pp. 734) identify
a biomechanical pathway by which muscle contraction maintains joint progenitors at
sites between bones; this β-catenin-dependent mechanism prevents inappropriate cartilage
differentiation and thus allows joint cavitation and morphogenesis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/16_2.txt,ave_2,16_2.txt,"On the cover: These images show cross-sections of a 9.5-day mouse embryo showing mosaically
labeled cells, nuclei, and the notochord in different colors in different panels.
In this issue, Gredler and Zallen describe the dynamic behaviors of notochord precursors
as they organize to generate this critical embryonic signaling center through the
assembly and fusion of multicellular rosettes. To learn more about how epithelial
sheets form in the mammalian embryo, see Gredler and Zallen (p. 933–950). Image credit:
Marissa Gredler.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_14.txt,ave_3,58_14.txt,val
Nature Electronics,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_12.png,C,"3D-printed soft electronics
Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.
See Hui et al.
Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,"A 3D twist on stretchable electronics
By stacking, and electrically connecting, layers of stretchable circuits, three-dimensional integrated devices can be built that are capable of wirelessly monitoring a person’s vital signs and creating human–machine interfaces. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a four-layer stretchable device that is equipped with Bluetooth data communication capabilities and can simultaneously sense electrophysiological signals, strain, temperature, acceleration, and orientation.
See Huang et al. and News & Views by Kim et al.
Image: Sheng Xu, University of California San Diego. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,"Recapture and reuse
With the help of processes that can recycle organic conductors, semiconductors and dielectrics, flexible electronic devices can be created in which each component of the device can be recaptured and reused. The computer-generated image on the cover shows a flexible electronic device developed using this closed-loop recycling approach.
See Park et al.
Image: CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"Momentary MEMS
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that are based on water-soluble materials can resorb into the environment to eliminate waste, or into the body to avoid the need for surgical extraction, after a targeted lifetime. The photograph on the cover shows various ecoresorbable and bioresorbable MEMS devices supported within a single die.
See Yang et al.
Image: Tzu-Li Liu, Northwestern University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_5.txt,allv2,5_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.png,C,"Protein glycosylation, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.txt,ave_3,21_5.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"Cardiac electroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p547.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/18_5.txt,ave_2,18_5.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.png,C,"NSMB 25
To mark NSMB’s 25th year, we have commissioned a special anniversary Series that celebrates the exciting research that we are proud to feature in NSMB. The Series begins with two Reviews in this issue, from Kobilka and colleagues and from Rossmann and colleagues.
See Editorial  25 , 1 (2018)
Image: Alfred Pasieka. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_12.txt,multiBv1,25_12.txt,"PDB 50th anniversary: celebrating the future of structural biology
In honour of the 50th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank, we and our colleagues at Nature Methodspresent a special online Collection that celebrates the past and future of structural biology.
See Editorial
Image: Cross-section through a B-cell showing release of antibodies. Illustration by David S. Goodsell, The Machinery of Life, published 2009 by Springer Nature. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/28_8.txt,allv2,28_8.txt,"NSMB’s 30th anniversary
To celebrate Nature Structural & Molecular Biology’s 30th anniversary, our cover features original artwork that was submitted by our reader Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar for our cover competition.
See Rebelo-Guiomar and Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar, University of Cambridge. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_12.txt,groundtruth,31_12.txt,"Focus on 50 years of eukaryotic transcription
Our mandala cover image reflects the ever-expanding complexity of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation, whose 50-year anniversary we celebrate in this special Focus issue.
See Editorial
Image: art by Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_4.txt,ave_3,26_4.txt,val
Cell Host&Microbe,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.png,D,"On the cover: The mechanisms by which numerous diversified small molecules from intestinal
microbiome affect mammalian physiology, including aging, remain mostly unknown. In
this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Teng et al. (944–960) demonstrate that gut bacterial isoamylamine (IAA) binds to
the promoter region of host S100A8 and subsequently increases its gene expression
in brain microglia via promoting p53 access to the S100A8 promoter. This subsequently
leads to microglia death and memory loss in aged mice. The cover illustrates overproduction
of bacterial (cyan) metabolites due to a decrease of beneficial bacteriophage (magenta)
affecting brain function through microglia activation (blue). Artwork by Yun Teng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/30_6.txt,ave_2,30_6.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_1.txt,allv2,33_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover is a Chinese ink wash painting depicting bees collecting pollens
from plum blossoms, which symbolize wisdom in Chinese traditional culture. In this
issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhong et al. reveal that honeybee gut microbiota influence reward learning by mediating the metabolism
of pollen fatty acids. Bacteria facilitates the conversion of linoleic acid to anandamide,
which activates TRPA receptors in astrocytes. This triggers the endocannabinoid system
and regulates glutamate/GABA balance in bee brain, ultimately enhancing honeybee reward
learning and memory.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_2.txt,ave_3,32_2.txt,"On the cover: This illustration by Jiang et al. metaphorically represents the gut and brain as intricate mazes connected by the vagus
nerve. The NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) acts as a signal controller, illustrated
as a traffic control center that manages neural signals at the CeA (central amygdala).
Roseburia intestinalis, portrayed as diligent workers in the lush, maze-like forest, produce butyrate, symbolized
by the yellow “fuel”. This butyrate powers the NTS and allows it to signal “red lights”
(inhibitory output) at the CeA, effectively blocking pro-nociceptive signals (the
“cars”) from traveling along the ascending pain pathway from the spinal cord. This
study reveals a mechanism of pain regulation via the gut-brain axis and underscores
the significant influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on pain-related neural
circuitry. This cover image was created by Beatrix Yu, a medical illustrator at CUHK.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,test
Precision Chemistry,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.png,A,"The first Pd-catalyzed stereospecific C-glycosylation of reversed anomeric stannanes yields non-classical aryl and vinyl C-glycosides in good to excellent yields with exclusive stereocontrol, distinguishing this method as the current state-of-the-art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Pyrolysis-free M–N–C catalysts enable bottom-up molecular design and precise active site construction, which allows one to ""precisely manufacture"" M–N–C catalysts in a similar manner and process as machining mechanical parts from mechanical drawings.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_6.txt,ave_2,2023_6.txt,"Direct ethanol fuel cells have received tremendous attention for their great potential advantages. In this work, we develop a unique class of single-site Cu-doped PdSn wavy nanowires with the unique surface anchoring structure, which promotes their activity and durability toward alkaline ethanol oxidation reactions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"A proline-catalyzed aldol condensation of a glycine Schiff base was developed for the synthesis of α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives. The synthesized α,β-dehydroamino acid derivatives could be incorporated into peptides not only at the C-terminal but also at the N-terminal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_12.txt,allv2,2024_12.txt,val
Nature Computational Science,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_2.png,A,"Impact of generative AI on e-waste
The rising popularity and usage of generative artificial intelligence (AI) amongst the general public and for research purposes has contributed to an increase in electronic waste (e-waste). In this issue, Peng Wang and colleagues propose a computational framework to quantify the amount of e-waste that is produced by generative AI, particularly large language models, highlighting the potential for rapid e-waste growth under different scenarios and emphasizing the need for circular economies and proactive e-waste management strategies.
See Peng Wang et al. and Loïc Lannelongue
Image: Guillaume Payen / LightRocket / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"Energy-efficient large language models
Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), on conventional von Neumann computing hardware — which separates memory and computing — is notoriously energy and power intensive. In this issue, Abu Sebastian and colleagues demonstrate that devices based on non-volatile memory (a type of analog in-memory computing hardware), constructed in three dimensions (3D), could substantially improve the energy efficiency of LLMs by leveraging ‘mixture of experts’ (MoEs) models. The cover image depicts MoEs neural networks realized through 3D analog in-memory computing on a silicon microchip, with multiple stacked tiers representing the experts in the network.
See Büchel et al. and Anand Subramoney
Image: Jeongung Cho, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"Computing a greener tomorrow
This issue presents a Focus in which we highlight the potential of computational tools to help address sustainability and environmental issues — including those covered by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — as well as discuss how the tools themselves can be made more sustainable moving forward. The Focus consists of conversations with and insights from experts from various fields, addressing a wide range of applications under the umbrella of environmental and sustainable computing.
See Editorial
Image: Fanatic Studio / Getty Images. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_7.txt,allv2,3_7.txt,"Urban planning assisted by machine learning
Spatial urban planning is a highly complex task that mostly depends on the intuition and experiences of human experts. In this issue, Yu Zheng et al. propose an integrated human–ML (machine learning) collaborative workflow that uses deep reinforcement learning to optimize the generation of land use and road layouts for urban communities. Such an approach delegates the more time-consuming and computational-heavy steps to ML, leaving the more conceptual steps in the hands of human planners.
See Yu Zheng et al. and Paolo Santi
Image: jong ho shin / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,test
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_3.png,A,"Lake ice has witnessed considerable changes in its phenology, but less is known about ice quality—the ratio of black ice to white ice. This Review assesses the changes in lake ice quality and its ecosystem services, noting diminished ice quality in observations and projections.
Image credit: robertharding / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"With continued anthropogenic warming, an ice-free Arctic (sea ice area <1 million km2) is inevitable. This Review outlines the various characteristics of an ice-free Arctic, highlighting that future emission trajectories will determine where, how frequently, and for how long the Arctic will be ice-free each year.
Image credit: Vicki Beaver / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_10.txt,ave_3,5_10.txt,"Climate change affects lakes worldwide and is predicted to continue to alter lake ice cover, surface temperature, evaporation rates, water levels and mixing regimes. This Review discusses recent and expected lake responses to climate change and looks towards future research opportunities in lake monitoring and modelling. See Woolway et al.
Image: Design Pics Inc/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Subglacial lakes modify glacial conditions and flow. This Review provides a global inventory of subglacial lakes, as well as outlining their settings, impacts and potential changes with a warming climate. See Livingstone et al.
Image: ARCTIC IMAGES/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_11.txt,multiBv1,3_11.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_8.png,C,"Temperature cycling in the presence of additives is an effective method to modify crystal morphology and to avoid problems associated with extreme needle-like crystal shapes during processing. Traces of benzamide or nicotinamide suppress the growth rate at the tips of benzoic acid-isonicotinamide cocrystals leading to a more favorable equant morphology. See Erxleben, ter Horst, and co-workers (Cryst. Growth Des. 2021, 21,   10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01195). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_10.txt,sbert,2021_10.txt,rst decade and a half of the 21st century has seen an awakening in the pharmaceutical community for increased and focused application of materials science and engineering principles for optimal pharmaceutical performance. The phrase “,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_1.txt,allv2,2015_1.txt,"What has carbamazepine taught crystal engineers? Crystal engineers acknowledge and appreciate the rich solid form landscape that carbamazepine has to offer and the fundamental questions that it answers, thanks to the time, money, and dedication of numerous pharmaceutical researchers worldwide. The image was partly generated by AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The role of crystal engineers to identify polymorphism in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) obtained from different chemical suppliers has been demonstrated with the discovery of three solid forms of Crisaborole (trade name, Eucrisa). Crisaborole is a blockbuster boron-containing API recently approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). Identification of polymorphism in Crisaborole also led to the design of a cocrystal.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_5.txt,multiBv1,2018_5.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_8.png,D,"Aiming for the pocket
Small-molecule targeting of particular KRAS mutations offer promise for cancer therapy. The cover depicts a small-molecule ligand (red) inhibiting the oncogenic mutant protein K-Ras(G12S) (cyan) by forming a covalent ester adduct at the mutant serine.
See Zhang et al.
Image credit: Gopikrishna J., independent artist. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_2.txt,multiBv1,18_2.txt,"Focus on Metabolism
Much like passengers in a public transit system, cells rely on the highly regulated flow of metabolites through many overlapping, intersecting and competing pathways to keep systems running smoothly. This special issue features pieces that explore the tools used to study metabolic processes, what happens when these processes go off the tracks, and how cells (and scientists) can address this.
Image credit: filo / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty Images. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_8.txt,allv2,18_8.txt,"Stretched out
A small-molecule activator of Hippo–YAP signaling interacts with Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to enable YAP-mediated epidermal keratinocyte expansion. The cover art is a watercolor image of the epidermal layer of the skin mimicking images observed from histological analysis.
SeeShalhout et al. and Moroishi
IMAGE: Kayla Nutsch. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_6.txt,sbert,17_6.txt,"A checkpoint for insulin secretion
A chemical screen reveals that inhibitors of CHEK2, a checkpoint kinase, can enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human primary islets and animal models. The cover shows a confocal microscopy image of a human islet immunostained with antibodies against insulin (green), Ki67 (red) and DAPI (blue).
See Chong et al.
Image: Angie Chi Nok Chong, Weill Cornell Medicine. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,train
One Earth,7_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_11.png,D,"On the cover: This year marks the completion of the first-ever Global Stocktake (GST)
of the Paris Agreement. While the GST has confirmed what is already known—progress
is thus far inadequate—it has also paved the way for ratcheted-up climate ambition.
On the cover, we feature art from Alisa Singer highlighting the potential for a realized
clean-energy transition. Entitled “Scaling up renewables is feasible” from her series,
“Environmental Graphiti – The Art of Climate Change,” the piece illustrates the recent
US precedents for natural gas and solar/wind expansion, indicating the feasibility
of ambitious buildout of large-scale renewable energy to meet the US 2035 carbon-pollution-free
power-sector target. This artwork is based on Figure 5 from the “The 2035 Report.”
Cover by Alisa Singer, http://www.environmentalgraphiti.org/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_4.txt,allv2,6_4.txt,"On the cover: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Sixth Assessment
Report, changes to our lifestyles and behavior can result in a massive 40%–70% reduction
in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. But achieving behavioral change at scale is difficult
and requires successful navigation of a complex labyrinth of situation-specific influences.
Credit: Getty, Sean Gladwell",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_9.txt,sbert,6_9.txt,"On the cover: Decarbonizing cities could hold the key to the successful reduction
of greenhouse gas emissions. However, cities are complex, multifaceted entities. A
systems approach is needed to help identify patterns among the chaos. Credit: Mikhail
Derevyanov/EyeEm via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,"On the cover: Decarbonizing our energy systems is desperately needed to keep the 1.5°C
target within reach. However, a low-carbon energy transition is not necessarily sustainable.
The impacts of low-carbon energy material recovery, manufacture, installation, maintenance,
and decommissioning, as well as energy security and equity challenges must be considered.
A truly sustainable energy transition must benefit both people and the planet, in
the present and the future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_11.txt,groundtruth,7_11.txt,train
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,31_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_11.png,A,"Understanding writers and readers of ubiquitylation
In this issue, we feature seven studies that progress our understanding of writers and readers of ubiquitylation, in addition to a Historical Perspective and several Comment pieces reflecting on the ever-expanding roles of this critical modification.
See Editorial
IMAGE CREDIT: Linda Marie Caldwell / iStock / Getty Images Plus. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_11.txt,groundtruth,31_11.txt,"A proteomics atlas of citrullination
Rebak et al. use proteomics to establish an expansive atlas of protein citrullination and implicate certain citrullinated sites as potentially clinically relevant in rheumatoid arthritis. Citrulline was initially discovered in watermelons.
See Rebak et al.
Image: THEPALMER / E+ / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_7.txt,sbert,31_7.txt,"Focus on 50 years of eukaryotic transcription
Our mandala cover image reflects the ever-expanding complexity of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation, whose 50-year anniversary we celebrate in this special Focus issue.
See Editorial
Image: art by Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/26_4.txt,allv2,26_4.txt,"NSMB 25
To mark NSMB’s 25th year, we have commissioned a special anniversary Series that celebrates the exciting research that we are proud to feature in NSMB. The Series begins with two Reviews in this issue, from Kobilka and colleagues and from Rossmann and colleagues.
See Editorial  25 , 1 (2018)
Image: Alfred Pasieka. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/25_12.txt,multiBv1,25_12.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_49,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_49.png,C,". Cover art created by graphic artist, Gil Ortiz.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_15.txt,allv2,2023_15.txt,This cover is dedicated to 36 scientists recognized as the I&EC Research 2021 Class of Influential Researchers - The Americas. The editorial team congratulates the group on the quality and impact of their research endeavors. View the entire collection of articles and reviews. Read the Editorial.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_4.txt,ave_3,2021_4.txt,This cover encourages individuals to overcome their implicit bias and explore the abundant opportunities in STEM. How would we know what we really want until we explore what’s out there? This cover is a part of the ACS-wide DEIR Cover Art program.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_49.txt,groundtruth,2024_49.txt,"This cover is dedicated to over 50 global authors who contributed to a Virtual Special Issue celebrating their high quality research, both past and present. Read further about their research endeavors in the Editorial (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00325).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_47.txt,multiBv1,2021_47.txt,train
ACS ES&T Water,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Water/2024_7.png,C,This study is the first to evaluate C-doped g-C3N4 for antibacterial purposes. The results reveal the potential to tailor bacterial inactivation efficacy by C-doping as well as complexities to fully realizing the rational design of g-C3N4. The findings from this research inform future work to optimize g-C3N4 design for disinfection applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2021_11.txt,ave_3,2021_11.txt,"The present work explores and demonstrates the electrochemical sensing capability of a highly stable bimetallic gold–copper nanocluster. The nanocluster can selectively sense heavy metal ion lead, Pb(II) through a specific gold–Pb(II) interaction, and is successfully extended to real sample analysis as well. Thus, a real-time monitoring strategy has been put forward.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,This work shows the marriage of single atoms with nanoparticles for enhanced peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The built-in electric field assisted Co SAs for efficient PMS activation via a nonradical pathway.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"Catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (CHP) is a widely used in situ chemical oxidation technology for groundwater remediation. The role of dissolved silicate on CHP processes in aquifers is redefined: dissolved silicate enhances the degradation of organic contaminants in a CHP process involving Fe(II)-bearing minerals, which is contrary to the previous observation that dissolved silicate decreased the reactivity of Fe(III)-bearing minerals toward H2O2.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Water/2023_3.txt,ave_2,2023_3.txt,val
ACS ES&T Air,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_5.png,A,"Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a colorless, flammable, reactive gas commonly used for sterilization and chemical manufacturing that has become a contaminant of concern for the U.S. EPA as a result of an assessment of its toxicity, which found that EtO is more potent than had been previously understood.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,sbert,2024_9.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,multiBv1,2024_3.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.png,B,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Smart lignin nanoparticles effectively recover valuable resources from wastewater and, in consequence, aid to minimize anthropogenic pollution, enhance the circularity of the biorefinery economy, and support sustainable development. Designed by Ehsan Faridi and Ehsan Keshavarzi, Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_6.txt,sbert,2024_6.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_30,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.png,C,"A review of applications of machine learning algorithms in Process Systems Engineering featuring a didactic approach and a critical analysis is presented. Recent applications for process control and optimization of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning algorithms are addressed, emphasizing opportunity areas for data science development.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_27.txt,allv2,2022_27.txt,"This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_13.txt,ave_1,2024_13.txt,"This paper presents different machine learning algorithms used to predict the production and characteristics of aligned electrospun nanofibers fabricated by the air gap electrospinning method. Classification and regression models are developed using logistic regression, random forest, artificial neural networks, and convolutional neural networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.txt,groundtruth,2024_30.txt,A novel machine learning framework that combines synthetic data generation by the CrystGAN model and an artificial neural network to predict the particle size distribution and yield in crystallization processes significantly reduces experimental effort and enables efficient data-driven process optimization. This cover art was generated with the help of OpenAI in ChatGPT and further edited by the authors.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,28_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/28_1.png,B,Correlated network activity is important in the development of many neural circuits. Watt et al. characterize monsynaptic connections between Purkinje cells of the juvenile cerebellum and use these measurements to model the generation of traveling waves of activity between connected Purkinje cells. They validate their model with observations in juvenile cerebellar cortex.p 463,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/12_9.txt,multiBv1,12_9.txt,"Constraints on neural dynamics
The time course of neural activity is thought to be essential for computation in networks of neurons. Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby and colleagues used a brain–computer interface to show that activity time courses in the brain are difficult to violate, which provides empirical support for dynamical principles at play. The cover illustrates a monkey traversing a time course of neural activity unfolding in its brain.
See Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby, et al.
Image design: Avesta Rastan. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/28_1.txt,groundtruth,28_1.txt,"Temporal scaling of cortical dynamics
Fractured through a prism, the components of light travel at different speeds. Wang, Narain and colleagues identify an analogous principle for timing control in the brain.
See Wang et al.  21 , 102–110 (2017)
Image: Jing Wang. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/21_12.txt,allv2,21_12.txt,"In this issue, Wimmer and colleagues investigate the neural basis of temporal decay in working memory precision, based on a computational hypothesis. 'Bump attractor' dynamics explained the relationship between the accuracy of behavioral responses and neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task. The cover illustrates the gradual decay of a telephone number as it is actively maintained in working memory. Artwork by óscar Astromujoffp 431",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/17_10.txt,sbert,17_10.txt,train
Chemical Research in Toxicology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_4.png,C,Iron Oxide Particulate Form and Bioavailability Data Are Vital for Lung Cancer Evaluation. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2016_10.txt,ave_3,2016_10.txt,"Using a stable-isotope-labeled high-resolution mass spectrometry-based method, urinary metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"Tobacco-specific nitrosamine, NNK, and its main in vivo metabolite, NNAL, are potent human lung carcinogens, and their enhanced clearance through glucuronidation will reduce the human lung cancer risk. Kava was demonstrated to enhance both O- and N-glucuronidation of NNAL among pilot trial participants, with N-glucuronidation predictive from UGT2B10 SNPs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Nitrosamines are potent human carcinogens that require metabolic activation to a diazonium reactive intermediate, which subsequently reacts with DNA. However, not all nitrosamines are equally potent and/or carcinogenic, and quantum mechanical assessment of the pathways involved with activation can help elucidate and predict reactivity and nitrosamine potency.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical Research in Toxicology/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_21.png,A,Scaling laws for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of packed beds filled with mono-sized pebbles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,Unveiling hydrotransport dynamics: Enhanced bitumen recovery through advanced computational fluid dynamics and population balance modeling. Investigating the influence of slurry velocities and bubble size on bitumen distribution in the pipeline transport of oil sand ores.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_51.txt,ave_3,2024_51.txt,Simulation predictions of particle velocity vectors (left) and gas streamlines (right) surrounding bubbles in a freely bubbling fluidized bed are presented.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_33.txt,allv2,2021_33.txt,"2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_47.txt,ave_2,2018_47.txt,train
Nature Computational Science,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Computational Science/4_1.png,A,"An integrative data-driven model of C. elegans
BAAIWorm, a computational model of C. elegans, integrates a biophysically detailed neural network with a three-dimensional biomechanical body, simulating behavior within an interactive environment. The cover image depicts the simulation of a C. elegans and its epithelial system.
See Zhao et al.
Image: Copyright 2024, Lei Ma and Yong Guo. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"Biomechanical design inspired by dehydrated passion fruits
Morphological changes are ubiquitous in many biological systems and can inspire engineering design. The modeling and prediction of such pattern formation, however, pose challenges due to the high nonlinear nature of the problem. In this issue, Xu et al. develop a solid mechanics model that explains and predicts observed morphology changes on a dehydrated passion fruit surface. This predicted chiral wrinkling topology further inspires the design of smart robotics, such as of a target-adaptive gripper.
See Xu et al. and Dal Corso
Cover design: Alex Wing. Image: Fan Xu, Fudan University.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"Interpretable visualizations for large-scale networks
Many complex systems can be represented as networks of interacting components. However, it is still difficult to visually investigate and interpret complex network structures. Hütter et al. introduce a computational method for creating landscapes and network maps for visualization, which helps to explore the characteristics of large-scale networks and identify patterns in large datasets. In the cover image, the dots and lines in the visualization represent proteins and their interactions in the human cell.
See Hütter et al.
Image: Christiane V.R. Hütter, University of Vienna. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/2_11.txt,ave_2,2_11.txt,"Inferring algorithms from data
Data-driven discovery of algorithms is an important task for uncovering the underlying logic and rules behind experimental data and can be potentially used by researchers for generating new insights hidden in high-dimensional data. In this issue, Milo M. Lin et al. introduce an approach that makes use of a neurobiologically inspired deep learning algorithm for writing interpretable and executable computer code from data. The method is able to discover algorithms that perform very similarly to or that outperform human-designed ones. The cover image depicts source code that was transformed into an image featuring bands and gaps, similar to a DNA autoradiogram.
See Milo M. Lin et al. and Joseph Bakarji
Image: WEB2DNA-BAEKDAL.COM / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Computational Science/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,train
Lab Animal,54_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Lab Animal/54_1.png,A,"Exploring the effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae
Available methods for zebrafish euthanasia have limitations. In a new Article, Burkhardt et al. investigated the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of electrical stunning on zebrafish larvae, showing that rapid and reliable euthanasia can be achieved with this method.
See Burkhardt et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/54_1.txt,groundtruth,54_1.txt,"Impact of environmental enrichment in zebrafish
Environmental enrichment (EE) is widely accepted as a way to improve laboratory rodent wellbeing, but less is known with regards to its impact on zebrafish. Although several studies have shown positive effects of EE in zebrafish, some studies have yielded contradictory results due to variations in the EE protocols applied. In a new Article, Gallas-Lopes et al. performed a systematic review of the literature to summarize available evidence on the effects of EE on zebrafish.
See Marcon et al.
Cover image: Marina Spence. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/52_1.txt,multiBv1,52_1.txt,"Fear conditioning to robotic replicas
Zebrafish will learn to fear an aversive stimulus. That stimulus, however, need not be pain, nor involve conspecifics. Robotic replicas that mimic zebrafish—a trio of which are depicted on the cover illustration and deployed in a new Research Article—can do the trick.
The refined fear-conditioning paradigm may prove useful in behavioural pharmacology, allowing researchers to take advantage of the high-throughput potential of zebrafish to explore the effects of aversive experiences and test potential therapeutics.
See Macrì et al.
IMAGE: Anna Sawulska and Maurizio Porfiri. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/49_3.txt,allv2,49_3.txt,"Updates from the aquarium
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a model organism used for many research questions. They reproduce quickly and in large numbers, as larvae they are optically clear, and there are well-established techniques to work with the fish and to create genetic models of a variety of different conditions with human relevance. Many researchers use them as an alternative to mammalian models to study health and disease. In other applications, zebrafish are helping research go from ‘tank to bedside’ for personalized medicine. Zebrafish make several appearances in the issue this month, including a recap of the recent Zebrafish Infection and Immunity meeting.
See Torraca et al.
IMAGE: Pablo Bou Mira / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Lab Animal/48_2.txt,ave_3,48_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_4.png,B,"‘Single-cell landscape’, inspired by the Review on p695
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/24_3.txt,sbert,24_3.txt,"‘Optical resolution’, inspired by the Viewpoint on super-resolution microscopy on p677
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"‘Cellular stress’, inspired by the Review on p346
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_8.txt,ave_3,22_8.txt,"‘Seeing crystal clear structures’, inspired by the Review on p755.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/19_1.txt,allv2,19_1.txt,test
Nature Cities,1_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_1.png,C,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,multiBv1,1_10.txt,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Navigating the waters
Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones.
See Lu
Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_1.txt,groundtruth,1_1.txt,"Port city pollution
Air pollution from the shipping industry is a problem in coastal cities. This study finds that although small-particulate pollution has fallen in China’s port cities, such as Tianjin (pictured), due to shipping emissions reductions, mortality associated with long-term exposure has risen.
See Luo et al.
Image: DuKai photographer/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_9.txt,sbert,1_9.txt,train
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_12.png,A,"A detour for neural representations
Training a neural network, which involves optimizing its parameters to reduce a loss function, can be thought of as moving through a landscape with hills of high error and valleys of low error. In the cover image, the red line shows such a trajectory, moving along the gradient towards lower loss. In this issue, Ciceri et al. describe that in successfully learning classification tasks, this training trajectory does not follow a direct route. Instead, the path takes a detour, shown here in brighter red, in which the representation of the data separates in training before later rejoining.
See Ciceri et al.
Image: Marco Gherardi, Università degli Studi di Milano. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_12.txt,groundtruth,6_12.txt,"Evolving neural units
While neural network architectures are often said to be inspired by the brain, many design choices and optimizations are usually made by researchers. Evolutionary approaches to machine learning attempt to efficiently optimize these architectures through evolution. The cover image shows work by Bertens and Lee, who take a step further towards biological realism by proposing evolvable neural units that can mimic individual neuronal compartments and learning rules. Also in this issue, Tanneberg and colleagues use evolutionary training to learn robust and scalable algorithms.
See Bertens and Lee
Image: Donguk Kim, Scapiens. Cover design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,"Gathering knowledge on functionally invariant paths
When a neural network is optimized for more than one objective, improvement on a new task often results in worse performance on previously learned tasks. Raghavan et al. formulate this optimization problem in terms of differential geometry and follow paths that preserve previous solutions while searching for new ones.
See Raghavan et al.
Image: Vanitha Selvarajan. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_3.txt,allv2,6_3.txt,"Continual learning in biological and artificial intelligence
Wang et al. draw inspiration from a Drosophila learning system and incorporate its adaptive mechanisms of continual learning into artificial neural networks. By fusing biological and artificial intelligence, the authors show that neuro-inspired adaptability empowers artificial intelligence systems to acquire information sequentially, even in challenging and unpredictable environments. The image portrays a robotic Drosophila in flight, transitioning from day to night.
See Wang et al.
Image: Bo Hong. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/5_1.txt,ave_3,5_1.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_6.png,A,"Classification of T cell behavior
Tracking the trajectory of engineered T cells targeted against patient-derived cancer organoids reveals different patterns of behavior. Cancer organoids are displayed in white, and T cells with different behavioral profiles are displayed in different colors. Tracks from live confocal imaging are loosely traced by hand to portray the plasticity of T cell movement. See Alieva et al.
Image: Mario Barrera Román, Maria Alieva, Florijn Dekkers, The Dream3DLAB, Princess Máxima Center. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_6.txt,groundtruth,19_6.txt,"Clonal tracing in established colon cancer tissue using marker-independent fluorescent labelling
Schematic drawing of red fluorescent clones within established colon cancer tissue and the method to determine the maximum distance (d max) of cells within a clone, which is used to distinguish individual clones. The numbers in the circles indicate distance in cell diameters.
See Lenos et al.
Image: Louis Vermeulen. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_4.txt,ave_2,14_4.txt,"Glioblastoma organoid
The cover shows a patient-derived glioblastoma organoid containing morphologically heterogeneous cell populations with radially oriented cells surrounding a necrotic center and more differentiated progenitor and glial cells toward the periphery. Image shows immunostaining with glioma stem cell marker NESTIN (cyan), glioma stem cell and astrocyte marker HOPX (magenta), and proliferation marker EdU (green).
See Jacob et al.
Image: Fadi Jacob. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_1.txt,ave_3,15_1.txt,"Emulating physiological T-cell activation.
Scanning electron micrograph of a dense cluster of T cells interacting with artificial antigen-presenting cell scaffolds (pseudocolored).
See Zhang et al.
Image: David Zhang. Cover Design: Art Editor Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_10.txt,allv2,15_10.txt,train
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_9.png,C,"Spatial molecular imaging
Color-enhanced image showing single-cell fluorescence measurements of protein and mRNA in the human lymph node. He et al. resolve RNA and protein localization at the subcellular level using multiple cycles of nucleic acid hybridization of fluorescent molecular barcodes.
See He et al.
Image: David Ross, Derick Adame, Patrick Danaher, Michael Patrick, Tiên Phan-Everson, Julian Preciado and Griff Tucker. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/40_1.txt,sbert,40_1.txt,Adult mouse liver stained with antibodies to the surface markers CD26 (green) and 2G9 (red). Azuma et al. describe a mouse model that allows engraftment and expansion of human hepatocytes. p 903.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/25_5.txt,multiBv1,25_5.txt,"Whole-body imaging
Image of a whole mouse body with depth color-coding of a neuronal marker. Mai et al. present wildDISCO, a method for whole-body imaging compatible with standard IgG antibody labeling.
See Mai et al.
Image: Ali Ertürk, Hongcheng Mai, Jie Luo. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"High-speed whole-brain imaging
Reconstruction of nerve bundles in a rhesus monkey brain. Fang Xu et al. present a method to image a whole monkey brain at micrometer resolution in 100 hours.
See Xu et al.
Image: Chao-Yu Yang and Fang Xu. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY/39_1.txt,allv2,39_1.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.png,A,https://deepai.org/machine-learning-model/psychedelic-poster-generator,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Automated Spatially Targeted Optical Micro Proteomics investigates inflammatory lesions in situ. (Yin, B.; Caggiano, L. R.; Li, R-C.; McGowan, E.; Holmes, J. W.; Ewald, S. E., J. Proteome Res. 2021, 20(9), 4543",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2021_4.txt,multiBv1,2021_4.txt,A topographic map of the protein conformational landscape in a cancer proteome can be created using covalent protein painting. Proteins are depicted as colored ribbons with a clear solvation shell to illustrate regions of proteins accessible for chemical footprinting.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_9.txt,allv2,2022_9.txt,Volume 7  / Issue 4 / 2008   Special Thematic Issue,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2008_9.txt,sbert,2008_9.txt,train
Joule,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_11.png,D,"On the cover: Satellite and space exploration applications desire a low-cost and lightweight
photovoltaic technology with high specific power. The cover image illustrates using
perovskite solar panels. Recent results suggest that perovskites are among the most
radiation-tolerant photovoltaic semiconductors known and can revolutionize future
space forays. In this issue, Kirmani et al. present guidelines for testing space compliance
of perovskite solar cells. Illustration by Ahmad R. Kirmani and Alfred Hicks, NREL.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_8.txt,multiBv1,6_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Yi et al. introduce a simple method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films at room temperature
by precisely regulating the perovskite composition with an organic linker. The cover
art depicts perovskite films on natural leaves, which can be fabricated using this
method without thermal annealing. The optimized device achieved an impressive efficiency
of 24.4%, surpassing the efficiencies of previous room/low-temperature-processed perovskite
solar cells. Image credit: Jeongung Cho (3D Morph).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_6.txt,allv2,8_6.txt,"On the Cover: The toughening of just one interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
by using a rationally chosen in situ low-dimensional (LD) metal halide perovskite thin capping layer results in the synergistic
enhancement of photovoltaic performance, operational stability, mechanical reliability,
and bending durability of PSCs, as demonstrated by Dong et al. in this issue. In this
image, at the left side of the illustrated heart is our proposed idea of utilizing
the LD metal halide perovskite thin capping layer to prevent cracks in 3D perovskite
thin films. At the right side of the heart, we illustrated the final application of
flexible perovskite solar cells. Such combination of research and development strategy
completes the heart, resulting in the success of flexible solar cells. Cover art by
Min Chen and Scimage, with a special thanks to F.P. Journe boutique in Los Angeles
for discussion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_7.txt,sbert,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Zhang et al. develop a universal encapsulation method for commercialized perovskite solar cell
(PSC). The encapsulated PSC modules passed outdoor stability, UV preconditioning,
and hail tests according to the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard.
Image credit: Guodong Zhang, Yifan Zheng, and Yuchuan Shao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,val
Nature Chemistry,16_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_1.png,D,"Kinetic competition in cathode synthesis
Stability issues currently prevent the practical application of nickel-rich layered oxides as cathodes in next-generation lithium batteries. Now, Kang, Park and colleagues have studied the solid-state synthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) using multiscale in situ techniques and show that kinetic competition between precursor decomposition and lithiation leads to spatially heterogeneous intermediates and the formation of detrimental defects. The image on the cover depicts the heterogeneous intermediates captured during the synthesis of NCM622 from a precursor mixture of transition-metal hydroxides and lithium hydroxides. The lithium atoms are shown as blue spheres, transition-metal atoms (Ni, Co and Mn) as brown spheres, and hydrogen and oxygen atoms are white and red, respectively.
See Park et al.
Image: Younghee Lee / CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/14_7.txt,multiBv1,14_7.txt,"Sulfone so good for COF catalysis
Although organic photocatalysts are an attractive option for water splitting because they can be tuned relatively easily through synthesis, they tend not to be very efficient. Now, a team led by Andrew Cooper has shown that a covalent organic framework (COF) comprising β-ketoenamine nodes and benzothiophene sulfone-based linkers is a good hydrogen-evolution catalyst (an artistic representation of the process is shown on the cover). Its activity — attributed to the COF’s crystallinity, strong visible-light absorption and the wettable, hydrophilic nature of its sulfone-lined mesopores — can be further improved by dye sensitization.
See Wang et al.
Image: Adam Kewley, adamkewley.com. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/10_1.txt,sbert,10_1.txt,"Gasoline from plastic waste
Strategies for upcycling waste plastics are urgently required. Now, Han and co-workers have developed a strategy to convert polyethylene into gasoline over a layered self-pillared zeolite without the need for external molecular hydrogen or noble metal catalysts. The reaction proceeds through a self-supplied hydrogen mechanism enabled by the open framework aluminium sites. The cover shows an artistic representation of polyethylene diffusing through zeolite pores and being converted into gasoline.
See Cen et al.
Image: Ziyu Cen and Longfei Lin, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_7.txt,allv2,16_7.txt,"Boosting CO2 conversion with Mo oxycarbides
Molybdenum carbides are promising heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 conversion chemistry, but they typically require harsh preparation conditions and suffer from poor stability. Now, Jiafeng Yu, Jian Sun and colleagues have shown that molybdenum oxide, produced by flame spray pyrolysis synthesis, is stable at 600 °C for 2,000 hours during the reverse water–gas shift reaction. Extensive characterization revealed the in situ formation of a cubic α-molybdenum carbide with unsaturated surface oxycarbides (depicted on the cover) that serve as active sites for CO2 conversion.
See Yu, Sun et al.
Image: Xingtao Sun, Jiafeng Yu, and Jian Sun, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_1.txt,groundtruth,16_1.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_11.png,C,"Reducing caloric intake extends lifespan and appears to protect against metabolic
and age-related diseases. On pages 325–331 of this issue, Cantó and Auwerx discuss
how caloric restriction achieves these effects, from yeast to mammals, focusing on
the recent studies implicating Sir2/SIRT1 as a mediator of caloric-restricted induced
longevity. The cover shows young diners at the buffet line unable to resist large
portions, and an older, and perhaps wiser, woman making a concerted effort to eat
less to continue her long life. Illustration by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/20_4.txt,sbert,20_4.txt,"Hepatosteatosis and type-2 diabetes are epidemiologically associated and the notion
of a reciprocal cause-effect relationship between the two is widely accepted. On pages
4–12 of this issue, Zheng Sun and Mitchell Lazar review compelling evidence pointing
to a dissociation of hepatosteatosis from insulin resistance. They elegantly dissect
the rhythmic flows of metabolic intermediates between hepatic lipid synthesis and
glucose production and show that disrupting lipid metabolism can result in hepatosteatosis
without causing hyperglycemia or insulin resistance. The cover shows the Yin and Yang
like relationship between hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, where counteraction
and interdependence between hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is harmonized
in circadian rhythms. Cover image by Istock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/24_13.txt,allv2,24_13.txt,"Intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets have been gathering popularity
for their broad range of potential health benefits. In this issue, Paoli et al. (pp. 125–141)
discuss the similarities and differences in the mechanisms behind the effects of these
two interventions, whereas Ruppert and Kersten (pp. 107–124) focus on the impact of
fasting on hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The cover depicts ketogenic
diet and fasting as complementary nutritional approaches. Cover credit: adapted from
lacaosa (ketogenic half) and Peter Dazeley (fasting half)/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_11.txt,groundtruth,35_11.txt,"With the growing epidemic of obesity and metabolic disorders in Western Culture there
is ever increasing focus on determining how components of the diet affect our health.
On pages 455–467 of this issue, Rother and colleagues discuss the impact of non-nutritive
sweeteners on metabolic and endocrine systems in health and disease. Cover image is
from istock/PattadisWalarput.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/29_6.txt,ave_2,29_6.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_10.png,C,"Recent studies revealed that the biophysical properties of protein condensates modulate
their autophagic degradation. In this issue, Wang and Zhang (pp. 417–427) discuss
how phase separation and transition specify autophagic degradation of protein condensates.
The cover image depicts the processing of protein components (illustrated by colored
shapes) along two different production lines. On one line (26oC), proteins are processed
into big condensates that are not amenable to autophagic degradation. Through another
production line (20oC), proteins are enveloped by a scaffold protein (illustrated
in light green) and form gel-like granules that are encapsulated by autophagosomes
and delivered to lysosomes. Cover created by Sean Shan Zhang from the Academy of Arts
& Design, Tsinghua University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/29_8.txt,multiBv1,29_8.txt,"In order for cells to perform essential functions such as hormone secretion, neurotransmission
and metabolic regulation, they must package molecules into small vesicles, which deliver
the cargo to specified destinations inside or outside of the cell. Although the roadmap
of the secretory pathway was known for decades, the molecular components of vesicle
trafficking remained obscure. James Rothman, Randy Schekman, and Thomas Südhof uncovered
these molecular mechanisms and in 2013 were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine for their pioneering work in vesicle trafficking. In honor of their achievements,
this special issue of Trends in Cell Biology is devoted to recent advances in the
regulation of membrane biogenesis, cargo sorting, and vesicle trafficking. Image courtesy
of ©iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/24_12.txt,ave_2,24_12.txt,"Lysosomes degrade macromolecules through about 70 soluble
hydrolytic enzymes that are transported from the Golgi to lysosomes in a mannose
6-phosphate-dependent process. On pages 198–210 in this issue, Braulke et al. review
lysosomal enzyme trafficking pathways and their significance for human diseases.
The cover image shows a 3D reconstruction of electron microscopy sections from
LYSET-deficient cells, which lack the mannose 6-phosphate pathway and accumulate
undigested storage material in lysosomes (digitally colored). Cover image from
Michaela Schweizer and Rudolph Reimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_10.txt,groundtruth,34_10.txt,"The small vesicles shed directly from the plasma membrane of many, if not all, cell
types were long considered to be artefacts of preparation for microscopy. In recent
years, however, great progress has been made in identifying the crucial signalling
roles of these ‘shedding vesicles’. On pp. 43–51, Emanuele Cocucci, Gabriella Racchetti
and Jacopo Meldolesi describe the latest findings that point to important functions
of shedding vesicles in processes such as protein and RNA transport between cells,
platforms for signalling during coagulation and transfer of metastatic potential between
tumour cells during cancer progression",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/19_12.txt,allv2,19_12.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_3.png,D,Ab initio methods are used to examine the potential energy surfaces for a novel mechanism of oxalic acid formation by OH reaction substitution in halogenated carbonyls. Graphic Design by Kimberly Batta Davis. “The Blue Marble” (Earth image) courtesy of NASA Visible Earth images (http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/). See page 2806.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2010_44.txt,multiBv1,2010_44.txt,"Mass spectrometric experiments and quantum-chemical calculations were used to identify that ScNH+ reacts quite efficiently with CO2 under thermal collision conditions to exclusively yield ScO+ and isocyanic acid (HNCO). In CO2 activation reaction, the C=N double bond was firstly formed in gas phase, which proposed the mechanism of “migratory insertion”.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2019_25.txt,sbert,2019_25.txt,"The cover shows three schematic potential energy surfaces for the OH− + CH3I, Cl + C2H6, and F + C2H6 reactions from up to down, respectively, and a histogram sketch representing dynamics results. Quasi-classical trajectory simulations on these surfaces reveal the atomic-level dynamics and mechanisms of the reactions involving more than six atoms. Theory provides rotational distributions for the HF and HCl products in excellent agreement with experiments, showcasing the power of first-principles reaction dynamics computations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2021_40.txt,allv2,2021_40.txt,"Ab initio trajectory simulations of the reaction between chloramine (NH2Cl) and methoxide ion (CH3O-) reveal a dominant proton transfer and minor SN2 products, consistent with experimental findings. Additionally, novel hydride transfer and unconventional roundabout pathways are observed in the nitrogen-centered reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Nature Water,2_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_6.png,C,"Freshwater snow with a touch of microplastic
From an ecosystem services point of view, microplastics can have both direct and indirect impacts on natural systems. The artwork on the cover depicts the interactions between microplastics and freshwater snow, illustrating their aggregation in water, a pivotal process shaping their respective settling rates. By unravelling these dynamics, it is possible to gain deeper insights into the fate of microplastics and their consequential impact on natural cycles.
See Parrella et al.
Image: Thomas Kast. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_7.txt,multiBv1,2_7.txt,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,groundtruth,2_6.txt,"A deep look at lake surface temperatures
Lake surface water temperature is rising across the globe. Less than half of lake warming is due to surface air temperature (SAT) change, and accelerated evaporation causes slower lake warming compared to SAT. The image on the cover shows a composite of two Landsat images captured in July of different years (1987 for northeast and 2016 for southwest) from the same location (Ozero Neyto, Russia, and its surrounding sprawling lakes).
See Tong et al.
IMAGE: Lian Feng, Southern University of Science and Technology. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_2.txt,ave_2,1_2.txt,test
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_22.png,B,"Polymer physical phenomena have achieved a notable breakthrough in the design of meso- and macrostructures of inorganic materials. This Account introduces the recent developments, insights, and practical applications of the spinodal decomposition-driven synthesis, generating hierarchically structured mesoporous inorganic materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_2.txt,multiBv1,2023_2.txt,"liquid phase separation (LLPS), can result in diverse supramolecular structures, ranging from highly ordered forms to more disordered organizations, such as droplets or glasses. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Top-down view of the vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism forming nanoscale crystals with embedded heterogeneity. Several subprocesses are illustrated, some only recently discovered, that must be precisely choreographed to produce the desired structures. See article by Ek and Filler, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00392. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_12.txt,allv2,2018_12.txt,"This image, created by Robert Seidel and Stephan Thürmer, shows a microjet of liquid water photographed in air and illuminated by a torch light. In the dark part, the jet flows smoothly and laminarly, while in the lighter part it breaks up into small droplets. The jet was cooled to 4 °C, resulting in condensation of water from the air on the outside of the glass nozzle. The microjet technique enables the study of liquids using powerful UV and soft X-ray spectroscopy and electron-detection methods that work only in a vacuum environment.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_19.txt,ave_2,2023_19.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_6.png,D,"The image on the cover is an artistic representation of bright fluorescent organic materials exhibiting red, yellow, and green emission for production of organic light-emitting devices. In this issue, authors have developed a styrene-based lamellar single crystal as a versatile optoelectronic material in optical pumping and light-emitting transistors. Credit: Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2021_9.txt,allv2,2021_9.txt,"A through-space conjugated organic molecule with dual delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence is developed, which performs outstandingly as emitter and sensitizer for OLEDs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_10.txt,ave_2,2023_10.txt,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,ave_3,2022_1.txt,"Ultra-pure organic crystals do not display long-lived emission and, hence, can be perceived as essentially dark 3D frameworks. The review highlights that phosphorescence within these dark frameworks can be only achieved if tiny amounts of impurities are added. The impurities act as exciton traps and enable long-lived emission.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/7_1.png,B,"Methionine-regulated resolution
Apoptotic cell-derived methionine is shown to be taken up by macrophages through efferocytosis and is used for epigenetic regulation of genes involved in mediating resolution of inflammation.
See Ampomah et al.
Image: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_9.txt,multiBv1,4_9.txt,"Multifaceted myokines
Two concurrent studies highlight the dual role of feimin, a feeding-induced myokine, in regulating glucose homeostasis as well as physical performance during exercise. The image depicts staining of fibre types in the soleus muscle.
See Shi, X., Hu, X., Fang, X. et al. and Peng, Y., Jia, L. et al.
Image: Ying Peng. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,"From gene variants to disease mechanisms
A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight disrupts the cortical actin cytoskeleton in subcutaneous adipocytes, which results in decreased adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The image depicts differentiated subcutaneous adipocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets (green) and cortical F-actin (yellow).
See Glunk et al.
Image: Phil Kubitz, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/5_8.txt,sbert,5_8.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_1.png,C,"On the cover: Immune cells are major defenders of our body but are often turned into
protectors (symbolized by the hairy cell holding a shield) of tumors (symbolized by
the crab) as well as promoting tumor progression. Decades of research in immunology
have led to the development of many immunotherapeutic approaches (symbolized by the
cells holding swords), some of which have shown encouraging clinical results in recent
years. This issue presents three Perspectives, two Articles, and three Previews illustrating
the progress in cancer immunotherapy and is published in conjunction with the April
Trends in Immunology special issue on immunity and cancer. Cover concept by Seth B. Coffelt and Karin
E. de Visser; cover artwork by Tomasz Ahrends.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/27_3.txt,allv2,27_3.txt,"On the cover: The angel and demon wings represent the two faces of FOXOs in suppressing
breast cancer or inducing the resistance of cancer cells to drug inhibition. The cage
symbolizes harnessing the power of the epigenetically regulated FOXO/c-Myc axis in
context of nucleosomes to synergistically kill cancer cells using drugs. See Matkar
et al. (pp. 472–485) for details. Cover art by Lili Guo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/28_3.txt,sbert,28_3.txt,"On the cover: Yang et al. reveal a mechanism of immune evasion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and suggest
the strategy of combining CD155 blockade with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. The cover image
shows a cuckoo chick in a host bird’s nest, symbolizing CD49f+ TICs within the tumor microenvironment. The host bird represents neutrophils, attracted
to the cuckoo through its mimicry of the host’s calls, similar to how TICs release
CXCL2 to recruit neutrophils. The host then invests resources to feed the cuckoo,
paralleling neutrophils secreting CCL4 to support TIC survival. As the cuckoo matures,
its feathers (representing CD155) help it blend in and evade predators like the snake,
which symbolizes CD8+ T cells.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_1.txt,groundtruth,42_1.txt,"On the cover: Virassamy et al. (pp. 585–601) characterize the key role of CD8+ T cells
displaying properties of tissue residency that accumulate in response to anti-PD-1
and anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), mediate local protective immunity
against murine triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and associate with better outcomes
in TNBC patients treated with ICI. The cover image represents a progression of scale,
depicting an encapsulated TNBC, the tumor microenvironment, and a vignette revealing
molecular interactions. Within the TNBC microenvironment, tissue-resident memory CD8+
T cells (apricot) accumulate and interact with breast cancer tumor cells (red), non-cancerous
cells (blue), and infiltrating dendritic cells (pink). The vignette portrays the disruption
of PD-1 (apricot receptor) on the tissue-resident memory T cells and PD-L1 (red-pink
receptor) on breast cancer cells following blockade by checkpoint immunotherapy (anti-PD-1,
blue). Cover art by Dr. Maja Divjak.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_10.txt,multiBv1,41_10.txt,train
Nature Catalysis,7_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Catalysis/7_12.png,B,"Linking outside the box
The conversion of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon products is needed to produce liquid fuels and more complex chemicals, though achieving selectivity over single-carbon products can be challenging. Here, Jiang et al. predict that Cu(100) facets are favourable for electrocatalytic C–C coupling, and demonstrate this by preparing copper nanocubes rich in these facets that prove to be selective for C2+ products in water.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Demin Liu (MolGraphics), Kun Jiang (Harvard University) and Haotian Wang (Harvard University). Cover Design: Karen Moore.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"Reconstructing copper
In their work, Raffaella Buonsanti and colleagues investigate the mechanism of reconstruction of copper CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Spectroscopic methods support a dissolution-redeposition mechanism involving solution-based Cu(I) species which are further elucidated as copper carbonyl and oxalate complexes using density functional theory.
See Vavra et al.
Cover design: Alex Whitworth.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/7_12.txt,groundtruth,7_12.txt,"Copper lifts itself up
Electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells often consist of precious elements, e.g. platinum, which are expensive or not readily available. Now, Kunze-Liebhäuser et al. demonstrate the ability of Earth-abundant Cu to efficiently electro-oxidize CO, a central fuel cell intermediate, through continuous surface structure changes. Cu clusters reversibly form and show optimum binding to reaction intermediates, resembling the harpooning-type mechanism in gas–solid catalysis and drawing parallels between heterogeneous thermal catalysis and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
See Kunze-Liebhäuser et al.
Image: Andrea Auer, University of Innsbruck.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/3_3.txt,sbert,3_3.txt,"Super CO2
In their work, Damien Voiry and colleagues employ a CO2 supersaturation strategy to promote electrodeposition of a highly alloyed Cu–Ag catalyst and its subsequent selectivity towards 2-propanol in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.
See Qi et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Catalysis/6_9.txt,multiBv1,6_9.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_9.png,B,"Observational studies have shown that higher physical activity levels
are associated with preserved cognition as well as improved brain structural and
functional outcomes in aging individuals. Whether physical exercise in older adulthood
can causally confer benefits to cognition and promote brain health remains an
important topic of research. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva, Cindy Barha, Kirk Erickson, Arthur Kramer, and Teresa Liu-Ambrose
review the current evidence regarding the impact of physical exercise on cognition
and brain health outcomes in aging individuals with and without cognitive impairment.
The authors discuss underexplored neurobiological mechanisms, current knowledge
gaps, and future directions for the field. The cover image illustrates common types
of
exercise – resistance and aerobic training – known to drive neuroplastic adaptations
in the brain of aging individuals. Photo credits: J Studios/Getty Images, Pramote
Polyamate/Getty Images, and A-Digit/Getty Images. Cover design by Nárlon Boa
Sorte Silva and Teresa Liu-Ambrose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_7.txt,multiBv1,47_7.txt,"Research in brain aging has historically focused on advanced age, when
the effects of time on cognitive health and physical functioning are most manifest.
However, an increasing number of studies are finding that changes during middle
age are prognostic of future cognitive health. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences,
Dohm-Hansen and colleagues review emerging evidence indicating that middle age is
a period defined by unique processes both within and outside the brain that influence
cognitive aging trajectories. Many of these processes, ranging from genetic expression
to memory for everyday events, display non-linear relationships with chronological
age.
This opens for the possibility of identifying aging processes that are especially
relevant
during middle age and could have bearing on health trajectories in later life. Photo
credits: Ivcandy/Getty Images and Macauley Smith Breault/SciDraw.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_9.txt,groundtruth,47_9.txt,"Aging constitutes the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Cellular senescence
is at the forefront of aging mechanisms in part due to the ability of senescent cells
to trigger inflammation. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Ana Guerrero and colleagues discuss how the accumulation of senescent cells and
its associated inflammatory response may fuel the risk of Alzheimer’s disease with
advanced age, and how abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta and tau in Alzheimer’s disease
may exacerbate senescence resulting in chronic neuroinfl ammation. The cover features
the “flames” (orange) of infl ammation elicited by the senescent cells that will “ignite”
the neurons depicted as a tree (black). Cover image by Ana Guerrero, Emanuele Di Bacco,
and PM Images/ GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/44_4.txt,allv2,44_4.txt,"Auditory signals are processed along a pathway extending from the cochlea to various
sites in the brainstem and midbrain up to primary and secondary cortical areas and
finally on to association areas in the prefrontal cortex. Normal aging significantly
affects the fidelity of signals at multiple stages in this processing stream. On pages
486–497 of this issue, Peelle and Wingfield review studies examining the effects of
age-related hearing loss on the neural systems supporting speech comprehension, including
the resultant compensatory recruitment of executive control systems and the negative
downstream consequences of this plasticity on perceptual and cognitive processes.
Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/39_6.txt,ave_3,39_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Engineering Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.png,C,"Detecting defects inside of microarchitected materials is important to ensure their intended functionality. The high scattering nature of these materials hides these defects, especially those deep inside these materials, from sight. In our manuscript we investigate defects deep inside these structures by using optical microscopy techniques with submicrometer resolution to resolve the entire structure and pinpoint the nature and location of individual defects. Art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"Ball-milled titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency using visible light, such as white LED. Ball-milled TiN NPs have size, crystallinity, and surface oxidation effects. As a result, the optimal TiN NP size of ~100 nm with a high crystallinity exhibited a high temperature increase.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_12.txt,sbert,2023_12.txt,Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,Gr-coated low-voltage copper wires are oxidation-resistant and show enhanced electrical conductivity compared to pristine wires. The increase in electrical conductivity potentially allows for a reduction in wire diameter with a consequent savings in wire production costs and could be applicable in automobiles and aerospace industries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2023_6.txt,allv2,2023_6.txt,val
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_23.png,A,Artist depiction of an actively translating ribosome. Translation activity of medicinal mRNA was shown to be enhanced by modified nucleosides such as 1-methylpseudouridine. Cover art by Mark Helm.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"Replacing phosphates, the native backbone of RNA, with amides, the backbone of proteins, had unexpectedly little effect on the A-type structure and thermal stability of the RNA double helix. Surprisingly, amide modifications at certain positions of short interfering RNAs eliminated some of the undesired off-target activity while improving their on-target activity. See article by Eriks Rozners and Venubabu Kotikam (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00249).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_4.txt,allv2,2020_4.txt,"Artistic rendering of an E. coli cell depicting many protein–DNA interactions, for example, metal-sensing transcription regulators binding and unbinding at chromosomal operator sites. See article by Tai-Yen Chen, Peng Chen, and co-authors, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00541. Cover art by Ace George G. Santiago. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2018_9.txt,multiBv1,2018_9.txt,"The catalytic repertoire of heme proteins covers an astonishing range of reactions in nature. Now, enabled by directed evolution, cytochromes P450 and other heme proteins have been repurposed to catalyze a large and growing set of carbene and nitrene transfer reactions previously unknown in biology. Cover art by Lei Chen. See article by Yang Yang and Frances H. Arnold (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00591).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2021_19.txt,sbert,2021_19.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_5.png,D,"This work is related to a high-performance, one-step, environmentally friendly method for producing metal nanoparticles without any organic solvents and will be useful in applied chemistry with a strong focus on sustainability and green chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2022_28.txt,ave_1,2022_28.txt,"Graphics from this issue of ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.  The “Advances in Catalysis for Sustainable Development” special issue contains original research presented at the Seventh Asia-Pacific Congress on Catalysis (Mumbai, India). It is another in a series that demonstrates the global reach of the field of sustainable chemistry and engineering.  The diverse topics represented in this issue include biomass conversion catalysis, nanomaterials as photocatalysts, methane fixation via oxidative coupling, electrocatalysis, unconventional reaction media for sustainable chemistry and process intensification. Top: The synthesized silver silicate@carbon nanotube nanocomposite with a small content of CNTs exhibits a much better visible light photodegradation performance than AgSiOx. (See Y.-Q. Jing, C.-X. Gui, J. Qu, S.-M. Hao, Q.-Q. Wang, and Z.-Z. Yu; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02650.) Lower left: Cyclodextrin-based hydrogels and low-melting mixtures greatly contribute to the development of environmentally friendly catalytic processes. (See F. Hapiot, S. Menuel, M. Ferreira, B. Léger, H. Bricout, S. Tilloy, and E. Monflier; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02886.) Lower right: Smart supramolecular catalyst POM/[N-C10, N'-COOH-Im]-Br was prepared via an ISA approach. The as-prepared catalyst can avoid poisoning problem based on its disassembly and assembly controlled by pH. (See Y. Gong, Y. Guo, Q. Hu, C. Wang, L. Zang, and L. Yu; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02791.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2017_8.txt,allv2,2017_8.txt,A novel bimetallic Pd–Zr/HZSM-5 alloy catalyst with an abundant oxygen vacancy and acid site was synthesized for selective hydrodeoxygenation of biobased ketones and aldehydes under mild conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2021_43.txt,sbert,2021_43.txt,"Ag-gCN nanocomposite catalysts were developed as copper-free alternatives for heterogeneous photocatalytic azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The developed protocol shows a significant advancement in green chemistry, offering a sustainable, versatile, and efficient alternative for a broad range of substrates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_5.txt,groundtruth,2025_5.txt,train
Environment & Health,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2025_1.png,D,The epoxidation products produced by 1-nitropyrene metabolic transformation in the body increase the risk of DNA binding and affect human health. The health risks of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken seriously.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_1.txt,ave_3,2023_1.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,ave_2,2024_5.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.png,C,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_9.txt,ave_2,2025_9.txt,"Graphics collage collected from the articles published in the Forum on Current Trends in Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Biomedical Applications. The background is taken from an atomic force microscope image of functionalized collagen used as a support for mesenchymal stem cells. The central inset is taken from the Spotlight on Applications article by Ventre and Netti, and shows the compression of a cell nucleus by actin fibers. The inset above this schematically represents the variety of cell instructive materials covered in the same Spotlight on Applications article.  The other insets (from top center moving clockwise): Multiphoton image of collagen fibrils with nuclei stained blue and actin stained red;",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2016_27.txt,ave_3,2016_27.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,"Using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, the ReI-probe non-invasively tracks wound healing by monitoring collagen regeneration and tissue oxygenation. Bound to collagen, it serves as a density sensor, while unbound probes measure oxygen levels through phosphorescence lifetime changes, enabling simultaneous assessment of the oxygen concentration and collagen content.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,train
Current Biology,35_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/35_3.png,B,"On the cover: Fischer, Roland et al. (pages 4145–4151) demonstrate that the convergent
evolution of maternal care in South American and Malagasy poison frogs facilitates
toxin provisioning and relies on similar brain regions but different neuronal mechanisms.
The cover image shows the Little Devil poison frog (Oophaga sylvatica). In this species, mothers provide their altricial tadpoles with unfertilized eggs
for nutrition and chemical defense. Image by Elicio E. Tapia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/29_2.txt,ave_2,29_2.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_3.txt,groundtruth,35_3.txt,"On the cover: Herbivory is a dominant characteristic in beetles, Earth’s most speciose
animal group. In this issue, Salem et al. (pages 2875–2886) examined the role of microbial
symbionts in upgrading the digestive physiology of tortoise leaf beetles (pictured:
Cassida rubiginosa). By combining comparative genomics, biochemical characterizations, and biogeography,
the authors describe how variation in a symbiont’s metabolism can impact the ecology
of its host. Encoded within highly reduced symbiont genomes are pectin-degrading enzymes.
Symbionts endowing their hosts with a greater diversity of digestive enzymes allow
their herbivorous hosts to process a greater variety of complex plant polymers. As
this upgraded digestive phenotype corresponds to a wider ecological distribution,
symbiosis likely contributes to the radiation of herbivorous beetles to exploit, and
coevolve with, a correspondingly diverse flora. Image by Hassan Salem.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/30_10.txt,ave_3,30_10.txt,"On the cover: A little devil frog (Oophaga sylvatica) rests on a leaf on the Ecuadorian rainforest floor. These frogs, like other poison
frogs, sequester alkaloids from their diet of arthropods onto their skin as a defense
against predation. In this issue, Caty et al. demonstrate that these alkaloids also shape the resident skin microbial community
of these frogs. The presence of alkaloids results in a more diverse microbial community,
both taxonomically and metabolically. Photograph © Stephanie Caty; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/35_1.txt,allv2,35_1.txt,train
ACS Nanoscience Au,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.png,B,"Structural heterogeneity in inorganic nanosolids is ubiquitous, which poses non-negligible impacts on the associated catalytic behaviors. Recent efforts in investigating four types of structural heterogeneities in nanocatalysts, including size and facet control, differentiation of surface and bulk characteristics, characterizing local and average structures, as well as monitoring catalytic restructurings, are discussed. Understanding the inhomogeneities in the seemingly uniform nanomaterials lays foundations for the delicate design of advanced nanocatalysts with increased structural complexities and expanded catalytic functionalities.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,"Many metal nanoparticles adopt a face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure, as shown on the cover. The surfaces of four facets of this fcc nanoparticle are highlighted on the nanoparticle. Enlarged regions of the atomic arrangements of the surfaces of these facets are shown, along with the subsurface atoms.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,The observation of multiple simultaneously growing layers at the interface between the nanoparticle and the nanowire adds to the complexity of semiconductor nanowire growth. This multilayer growth can appear in conjunction with the formation of compositional and structural defects in ternary compound nanowires and likely affects the resulting composition.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2022_1.txt,multiBv1,2022_1.txt,Metal-organic frameworks are promising chemical sensing materials due to their high porosity and chemical versatility for interacting with analytes. The recent emergence of two-dimensional electrically conductive metal-organic frameworks offers direct transduction of these interactions into electrical signals. These remarkable features open new avenues for chemiresistive sensors.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nanoscience Au/2023_2.txt,sbert,2023_2.txt,train
Chemistry of Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemistry of Materials/2025_3.png,B,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"The cover art visually captures the fusion of nanomaterials with mitochondria targeting, imaging, and image-guided treatment. The mitochondria are targeted by floating molecules, such as rhodamine and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"There is plenty of room at the nanoparticle surface: the cover features a network of interactions emanating from the ligands on the surface of nanomaterials, which can play a decisive role in achieving functions within and beyond our predictions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2022_8.txt,ave_2,2022_8.txt,"The cover art depicts cartoon versions of luminescent materials (fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins, a metal complex, a nanocluster, a carbon nanotube, a polymer nanoparticle, and inorganic nanoparticles) dressed up as a superhero team to tackle challenges in bioanalysis and imaging. As described in the Perspective, each material has strengths and weaknesses, necessitating a multi-material approach in this important field. For more information, see “Heroes or Villains? How Nontraditional Luminescent Materials Do and Do Not Enhance Bioanalysis and Imaging” by W. Russ Algar* (Chem. Mater. 2020, 32, 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01130).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemistry of Materials/2020_13.txt,ave_3,2020_13.txt,train
Science Advances,11_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_7.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Mushroom growing from tree in a moist Pacific Northwest forest. One way vascular plants obtain soil nutrients is through mycorrhizal symbiosis, a strategy that can expand root surface area to increase absorption. Deng et al. offer evidence that types of mycorrhizae mediate plant interactions and the biodiversity -productivity relationship in diverse forests. The results suggest that mycorrhizal responses to climate change factors should be considered in forest management, particularly in the selection of tree species for both timber production and climate change mitigation. Credit: RobH/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_3.txt,allv2,9_3.txt,"ONLINE COVER Deep-sea mussels obtain nutrition through symbiosis with bacteria in chemosynthetic ecosystems, such as hydrothermal vents. The symbionts are acquired through phagocytosis, and their intracellular maintenance is crucial for symbiosis in mussels. Tame et al. identified the key roles of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The protein acts as a mediator for sensing nutrients from symbionts and regulating phagosome digestion of symbionts in the host mussels. The authors discovered that mTORC1 allows integration of the cellular functions of feeding, immune defense, and nutrient signaling through interactions between host and microbe. Credit: JAMSTEC",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_34.txt,ave_3,9_34.txt,"ONLINE COVER Habitat and structural home of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex S. cyanobacteriicola-S. taiwanensis. Fungi often form the outer structure in symbiotic relationships such as lichens. However, Chen et al. discovered a symbiosis in Taiwan’s subtropical forests where fungi live within cyanobacterial sheaths, forming erect, nitrogen-fixing thalli. The discovery of the fungus-cyanobacterium complex demonstrates unique fungi residing within structures built by cyanobacteria. This finding sheds light on unique forms of symbiosis and expands our understanding of fungal partnerships in nature. Credit: Che-Chih Chen",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_7.txt,groundtruth,11_7.txt,"ONLINE COVER Artistic rendering of rosette colonies and solitary cells of the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta undergoing signaling events. Choanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals. Colgren et al. identified communication amongst the cells of S. rosetta colonies. This communication regulates shape and ciliary beating across the rosette. Understanding how information flows between cells in choanoflagellate colonies provides key insights into early animal evolution. Credit: Davis Laundon, Ella Maru Studio and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio, Inc.)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_2.txt,ave_2,11_2.txt,test
Nature Mental Health,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_5.png,C,"Mental health awareness
Each May, campaigns take place that are designed to draw awareness to mental health, to reduce stigma and to champion inclusivity. This month’s issue cover features a green ribbon — the international symbol that is associated with observing Mental Health Awareness Month. Not only is green the theme color of the Nature Mental Health journal, but the May cover is festooned with the mental health awareness ribbon, florals and greenery to evoke the imagery of vitality, growth, new beginnings and hope.
See our Editorial for more on the need to bring together advocacy and research to promote mental health awareness.
Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,"Refugee mental health
The number of people displaced by climate-related natural disasters, political conflict and violence continues to grow. Refugees who have often been exposed to horrific conditions at home may also face further trauma in transit. In our November issue, we reflect on refugee mental health, which has often been considered less of a priority than basic needs such as food and shelter or where infrastructure is lacking. The cover symbolizes the potential for the mental health community to better reach and support refugees.
Read more about opportunities for improving refugee mental health in our Editorial, and see Nickerson et al. to learn more about promotive and protective factors for refugee mental health.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,"Mental health — a universal human right
The theme of the 2023 World Mental Health Day on 10 October is ‘Mental health is a universal human right’. This is a powerful statement and reminder that everyone, regardless of their station and conditions, deserves the opportunity to live at their highest attainment of physical and mental health. Our cover this month depicts doves, a time-honored symbol of human rights, flying freely from a cage and signifying release from the potential bondage of human experience.
See our Editorial for more on the need to recognize mental health as a universal and foundational human right.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_3.txt,ave_2,1_3.txt,val
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.png,B,"Stirring up plastics recycling
Emerging catalytic techniques can valorize plastic waste into valuable products. In addition to the ongoing search for more effective catalysts, disclosing the potential of these technologies requires dedicated reaction engineering efforts. Now, Javier Pérez-Ramírez and co-workers show how critical optimal mixing is in the three-phase hydrogenolysis of polyolefins. Following catalytic evaluation and computational fluid dynamics simulations, they derive an accessible quantitative criterion for determining stirring configurations to maximize catalyst effectiveness. This marks an important step towards standardized benchmarking of catalytic technologies. The cover depicts the top view of catalyst particle trajectories in a plastic melt when stirred with the optimal geometry.
See Jaydev et al. and Soltani & Rorrer
Image: Constance Ko and Javier Pérez-Ramírez, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Artificial transmembrane transport
Building artificial cells that mimic the functions of biological cells represents a fundamental challenge. A major bottleneck is the transport of substances across the artificial cell membrane. Now, Nan-Nan Deng and colleagues demonstrate an endocytosis-/exocytosis-like transmembrane transport in a liposome-based system. By utilizing interfacial energy, liposomes can reversibly engulf and excrete oil microdroplets, which can subsequently be exploited as reconfigurable oil-based channels for molecular transport. The cover illustrates the shuttling process of ions and DNA across the oil-based channels.
See Tian et al. and Parikh
Image: Nan-Nan Deng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,"Engineering assembly pathways
Visualizing and manipulating the self-assembly pathways of nanoparticles to form functionalized superstructures remains challenging. Now, Xingchen Ye, Sharon Glotzer and colleagues image the complete self-assembly process of gold nanocubes in situ through liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy. Both molecular dynamics simulations and scaling theory were applied to quantify the interactions between the nanocubes and solvent to enable on-the-fly control of the self-assembly pathways. The cover image shows the self-assembly of gold nanocubes into three distinct superlattices.
See Zhong et al. and Woehl
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,"Connecting the dots
The fast construction and on-the-fly reconfiguration of liquid-based devices have long been challenging. Now, Gu, Du and colleagues have developed a strategy to generate diverse liquid-based devices that can be designed and reconfigured on-demand within minutes simply by adding, connecting and removing liquid droplets in a pillared substrate. The cover shows a fluidic channel constructed using this method.
See Zeng et al. and Wang & Wang
Image: Yi Zeng, Southeast University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,test
NATURE MEDICINE,30_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.png,D,"Medicine in the digital age
As Nature Medicine celebrates its 25th anniversary, we bring our readers a special Focus on Digital Medicine that highlights the new technologies transforming medicine and healthcare, as well as the related regulatory challenges ahead.
See Focus
Image credit: Peter Crowther. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/25_12.txt,allv2,25_12.txt,Large-scale visualization labs allow scientists to virtually walk through their data sets. A News Feature on page 228 explores how these immersive environments are advancing biomedicine. The cover shows a researcher looking at fiber tracts of the brain’s white matter that have been color-coded by their primary direction. Photo by Dyani Lewis.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/20_10.txt,multiBv1,20_10.txt,"Patient-partnered clinical research
The path to productive collaboration between researchers and patients is not always easy, with language differences, knowledge gaps and power dynamics setting considerable barriers along the way. In this issue, we explore how patient- and community-led research is achievable if both sides make it a priority. The cover, designed by illustrator Sarah Lippett, a person living with a rare disease who explores her diagnostic odyssey in her work, shows how effective and equitable patient–researcher collaboration can be transformative to research.
See Collection
Image credit: Sarah Lippett. Cover design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/26_3.txt,sbert,26_3.txt,"Tracking Patient Journeys
In this issue, Heumos and colleagues present ehrapy, an open-source framework which combines electronic healthcare records allowing for analysis of a patient’s journey through the healthcare system. On the cover, patients' journeys are visualized as taking place over a landscape, constructed of electronic healthcare records, and patients can travel across this landscape in many ways finishing in different places - for instance recovered or with chronic disease.
See Heumos et al.
Image: Su Suh, SciStories LLC. Cover design: Marina Spencer",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_2.txt,groundtruth,30_2.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_6.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image of Arabidopsis thaliana in flower was processed using Photoshop's glowing edges filter (credit: Alexander
Simpson). In this issue, a regulator of flowering time, FPA, is shown to control RNA
cleavage and alternative polyadenylation. This function affects antisense RNAs at
the FLC locus; at other sites, defective RNA 3′ end formation in the absence of FPA can result
in readthrough transcription of silenced loci. For details, see Hornyik et al., pp.
203–213, and the Preview by Rosonina and Manley, pp. 172–174.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/18_5.txt,sbert,18_5.txt,"On the cover: This is a confocal image of 5-day-old etiolated hypocotyls of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (mus3) with large aggregations of endomembrane components and plant cell wall polysaccharides
(in cyan: labeled with a membrane-associated dye, FM4-64, that is internalized by
endocytosis). Here, the authors demonstrate that sidechain addition to xyloglucan
polysaccharides is required for efficient packaging and secretion of polysaccharides
to the plant cell wall. To learn more about how polysaccharide structure affects transport
to the plant cell wall, see Hoffmann and McFarlane. Image credit: Natalie Hoffmann.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_6.txt,groundtruth,59_6.txt,"On the cover: A false-colored scanning electron microscopy image of the Arabidopsis dry seed mucilage secretory cell surface illustrates the dynamics of cell wall domains.
The top of the volcano-shaped underlying secondary wall columella is shown in green;
the underlying mucilage is labeled in pink, and the outer periclinal primary wall
is shown in blue. To learn more about how loosening of this wall leads to proper release
of the underlying mucilage upon dry seed imbibition, see Francoz et al., pp. 261–276.
Original image by Edith Francoz and Yves Martinez; processing by Vincent Burlat.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/48_5.txt,allv2,48_5.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of the electrostatic territory within the plant
endomembrane system, which corresponds to plasma membrane-derived compartments. Each
compartment within this territory has a unique electrostatic field defined by the
presence of specific combinations of anionic phospholipids (highlighted by the different
colors: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in red, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate
in green, phosphatidylserine in yellow, and phosphatidic acid in blue). To learn more
about the role of physicochemical properties in specifying membrane compartment identity,
see Platre et al., pp. 465–480. Cover art by Lise Noack.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/45_3.txt,multiBv1,45_3.txt,train
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.png,D,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_2.txt,ave_3,26_2.txt,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,allv2,35_7.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,ave_2,26_1.txt,"This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on
the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This
month’s
covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic
research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between
them.
Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from chronotherapy
in cardiovascular care (Festus et al, pp 607–623) to beta cell senescence in type 1
and type 2 diabetes (Morelli et al, pp 576–585), to fetal outcomes in maternal obesity
(Zhang et al, 638–647) and more. Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.txt,groundtruth,35_6.txt,train
Science,387_6733,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6733.png,A,"COVER Cultural reverence toward tigers (Panthera tigris) has fostered tolerance and permitted coexistence with humans in India. Ecological restoration, socioeconomic policies, and political stability have facilitated the recovery of tigers within their historical range, despite high human densities. This tigress has reclaimed the ancient fort within Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve and made it her home. See page 505.
Photo: Yashpal Rathore",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6733.txt,groundtruth,387_6733.txt,"COVER A leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) walking through an alley in Mumbai, India. In human-modified landscapes, mammals move distances that are, on average, one-half to one-third the length of their movements in the wild. Reduced travel distances may have far-reaching consequences for species survival and ecosystem functioning. See page 466.
 Photo: Nayan Khanolkar/Minden Pictures",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/359_6374.txt,allv2,359_6374.txt,"COVER A male clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi borneensis) caught by a camera trap in the lowland rainforest of Borneo. If the cataract in his right eye indicates old age, he has been fortunate. Animals from rare predators to common invertebrates are experiencing a human-caused global decline that often leads to extinction, with consequences for ecosystems and human well-being. See page 392
 Photo: © Sebastian Kennerknecht/Panthera 

 ADDENDUM: 20 July 2014

 In the caption for our ""Vanishing fauna"" special issue, we indicated that the male clouded leopard had a cataract in his right eye and suggested that this might be an indication of a more advanced age. The initial statement we made was based on information provided to us by the photographer, but we have since received alternative diagnoses from veterinarians who contacted us and from a veterinarian the photographer contacted once the question was raised. These experts unanimously concluded that the clouding is not in the lens (as would be the case for a cataract), but in the cornea, and that it is most likely due to a traumatic injury.",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/345_6195.txt,ave_2,345_6195.txt,"COVER A 7-week-old spotted hyena cub explores the area around its den in Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, while its mother looks on. The cub, still in its natal coat of fur, has already started to learn which clanmates its mother associates with most closely. This months-long learning process is most likely the mechanism by which young hyenas ""inherit"" their mothers' social networks. See pages 274 and 348.
 Photo: Lily Johnson-Ulrich",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/373_6552.txt,ave_3,373_6552.txt,val
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_20.png,D,"We present a computational scheme, based on a time-dependent extension of noncollinear spin density functional theory, for the simultaneous simulation of charge and magnetization dynamics in molecular systems. The method is benchmarked against the low-frequency spin dynamics of the H–He–H molecule and the bimetallic Mn complex in the figure (BISDOW), where the magnetization dynamics resembles the classical magnetization precession of a Heisenberg–Dirac-van Vleck Hamiltonian. The arrows represent the instantaneous atomic magnetic moments evaluated from the spin density. See J. E. Peralta, O. Hod, and G. E. Scuseria, pp 3661–3668.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_5.txt,multiBv1,2015_5.txt,"The thermodynamic role of the conformational changes upon biomolecular interactions is shown to be exactly quantified using a distance measure from information theory, Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence between the distributions of the conformations in the initial and final states. The mathematical property of KL divergence provides proof that the energetic contributions from the conformational changes are positive, i.e. dissipative. Moreover, the theory provides the possibility to decompose these energetic contributions into contributions from the different parts of the system. See Ahmad, M.; Helms, V.; Lengauer, T.;",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2015_4.txt,sbert,2015_4.txt,"Understanding the neutron scattering properties of a solid is of critical importance for its nuclear applications. A computer program, OCLIMAX, is shown to be able to perform accurate and parameter-free calculations of such properties using predicted atomic-level structure and vibrational dynamics from density functional theory.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2020_5.txt,allv2,2020_5.txt,"Through the lens of our rovibronic code, Duo, we have shown the adiabatic and diabatic representations for computing nuclear motion to be numerically equivalent. The relation between the adiabatic and diabatic diatomic potentials is shown at the bottom to be equal (in “weight”) through the unitary transformation, U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,val
NATURE GENETICS,56_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.png,B,"The garden strawberry
The cultivated garden strawberry emerged as a hybrid between two wild octoploid species in the gardens of Versailles approximately 250 years ago. Analysis of its assembled genome provides new insights into the origin and evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid.
See Edger et al.
Image: Artwork by Alexander Tokarev and Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/51_10.txt,allv2,51_10.txt,"Coffea arabica diversification history
Genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors provide insights into diversification history.
See Salojärvi et al.
Image: Amanda van der Sijs/500px/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_9.txt,groundtruth,56_9.txt,"Cotton pan-genome
Pan-genome and pan-3D-genome analyses reveal evolutionary relationships between transposon-driven variations in genome size and chromatin topology innovation in the Gossypium genus, and delineate the genomic basis of the evolution of cotton fiber from coarse sparse to slender spinnable. Today, the allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum is widely cultivated around the world.
See Wang et al.
Image: Shuangxia Jin. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_1.txt,multiBv1,54_1.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,sbert,56_7.txt,test
Nature Machine Intelligence,6_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.png,A,"Pre-trained knowledge for lifelike movements
Utilizing pre-training holds great promise in legged robotics to produce effective movements. Han et al. propose a hierarchical framework that reuses pre-trained knowledge across various levels of task and perception. The cover image shows their quadrupedal robot MAX, developed by Tencent Robotics X, which demonstrates lifelike agility and strategic game-playing abilities.
See Han et al.
Image: Robotics X, Tencent Holdings Ltd. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/6_6.txt,groundtruth,6_6.txt,"Balancing user and robotic control
Brain–machine interfaces can augment human capabilities and restore functions. In the past decade, advances in materials engineering, robotics and machine learning are opening up new possibilities in this area. In work by Katy Z. Zhuang et al. a robotic hand prosthesis is developed that allows not only user-controlled movement but also assisted grasping in a shared control scheme. This is accomplished by first decoding myoelectric signals with a machine learning method to control individual fingers. This proportional control of fine movements is combined with an algorithmic controller to assist stable grasping by maximizing the area of contact between a prosthetic hand and an object. Elsewhere in this issue, Musa Mahmood et al. demonstrate a portable, wireless, flexible scalp electroencephalography system, implementing state-of-the-art flexible electronics approaches and convolutional neural networks for real-time neural signal classification. In our Editorial, we look at some of the history of brain–machine interfaces, going back to Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics.
See Zhuang et al., Mahmood et al. and Editorial
Image: Albert Shakirov / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Karen Moore",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/1_4.txt,sbert,1_4.txt,"Crafting artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence can be manifested in corporeal and non-corporeal forms. In this issue, Miriyev and Kovač introduce the concept of physical artificial intelligence, which refers to the emerging trend in robotics to create physical systems by co-evolving the body, control, morphology, and actuation and sensing. To support their vision, the authors provide a blueprint for training researchers and establishing institutional environments. In our Editorial, we take a closer look at the history and promise of physical artificial intelligence.

See Miriyev and Kovač and the Editorial.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Adaptive locomotion for neural walking machines
Learning walking gaits in unstructured environments is a challenging task for multi-legged robots such as the hexapods in the cover image. A modular approach for neural control by Thor et al . in this issue combines multiple primitive closed-loop controllers to allow rapid learning and adaptive behaviour, including pipe and wall climbing, as well as gaits to pass through high, low or narrow gaps.
See Thor et al.
Image: Mathias Thor. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Machine Intelligence/4_11.txt,multiBv1,4_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_2.png,A,"On the cover: In this issue, Sit et al. present MEA-NAP, an open-source flexible network analysis pipeline for neuronal 2D
and 3D organoid multielectrode recordings. The cover is an artistic impression of
the development of hub and non-hub roles in microscale neuronal networks using node
cartography. Image credit: Rachael Feord, PhD, and Susanna Mierau, MD, DPhil.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_2.txt,groundtruth,4_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,sbert,5_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Kowalczewski et al. present a single-organoid analytics workflow that integrates micropatterning-based
organoid engineering and machine learning techniques to evaluate the impact of micropatterned
geometric designs on cardiac organoid properties. Cover image of a human cardiac organoid
is courtesy of Zhen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_7.txt,multiBv1,4_7.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Li et al. present SpaceWalker, a visual analytics tool for exploring the local gradient structure
of spatial transcriptomics data. The cover image shows several visualizations of spatial
projections obtained during a 3D, whole-brain, multi-slice exploration of the ABC
Atlas with SpaceWalker. Image credit: Chang Li and Julian Thijssen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/3_1.txt,allv2,3_1.txt,test
Nature Nanotechnology,19_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Nanotechnology/19_6.png,C,"Electron correlations without a twist
The cover image presents resistance maps of rhombohedral pentalayer graphene as a function of magnetic field and charge density. These maps provide evidence for correlation-driven Chern insulator states in a natural graphitic material. No moiré reconstruction is required.
See Han et al.
Image: Tonghang Han, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,"Helical 1D electronic systems, where the electron spin is locked to its momentum, offer a promising route towards realizing circuits of topological quantum states. Javier Sanchez-Yamagishi, Jason Luo, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, and colleagues have demonstrated a new method to create helical 1D states from quantum Hall edge states by applying magnetic and electric fields to a twisted bilayer graphene device. The advantage of this approach is the ability to build new types of 1D systems that incorporate fractional quantum Hall edge states. The cover image shows a measurement of the resistance of their graphene device at high magnetic fields as a function of electric field and charge density, where the effects of both helical and fractional edge states are observed.
Letter p118
IMAGE: JAVIER SANCHEZ-YAMAGISHI AND JASON LUO, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/12_11.txt,multiBv1,12_11.txt,"Switchable non-volatile topological devices
The cover image illustrates the ferroelectric hysteresis loop in doubly aligned magic-angle bilayer graphene. Applying an electric field to this heterostructure injects electrons into the ferroelectric graphene system non-volatilely, enabling quasi-continuous switchable ferroelectric states. This ferroelectricity coexists with the Chern insulator effect, enabling the selective switching of topologically protected quantum edge states, which can support noise-immune neuromorphic computing applications.
See Cheng et al.
Image: Chaoyang Zhao, independent artist; and Moyu Chen, Nanjing University. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/19_6.txt,groundtruth,19_6.txt,"Moiré engineering of graphene’s band structure
A superlattice potential created due to the emergence of the moiré pattern in a lattice-mismatched van der Waals heterostructure has a profound effect on its resulting electronic properties. Nathan R. Finney et al. demonstrate devices consisting of monolayer graphene encapsulated between two crystals of boron nitride and observe multiple moiré patterns that can be created by adjusting the relative twist angle between the layers. Such a control knob can serve to tune the symmetry and electronic properties of the rotated heterostructures. In particular, a highly altered graphene band structure emerges when the three layers are perfectly aligned, manifested by the formation of coexisting long-wavelength moiré patterns. The cover is the artist’s depiction of such coexisting moiré structures.
Letter by Hone et al
IMAGE: Nathan R. Finney, Columbia University. COVER DESIGN: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Nanotechnology/14_2.txt,sbert,14_2.txt,train
Nature Food,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_9.png,D,"At what cost?
Current market prices reflect only a small share of the true cost of food. Most of the social, environmental and human impacts of food production, processing, distribution and consumption are not economically valued and end up neglected in decision-making. True cost accounting is a promising strategy to evince some of these impacts and internalize food-related externalities along the supply chain, thereby contributing to the promotion of a more sustainable food system.
See Editorial, Kurtz, Patel, Richardson, Lord et al. and de Adelhart Toorop et al.
Image: Ulet Ifansasti/Stringer/Getty Images News/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/2_4.txt,ave_3,2_4.txt,"Food systems battleground
The interface between the food supply chain and the consumer is a food systems battleground. In this issue, in a Comment, Garnett and colleagues discuss how reduced diversity of supplier base to supermarkets, just-in-time logistics, reliance on imports and diminished domestic food production have driven efficiencies within the UK food supply chain at the expense of resilience. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed blockages and deadlocks within food systems — managing risk and resilience in the food system is the business of government, involving partnerships with science and industry. Elsewhere, in a Review, Siegrist and Hartmann examine how heuristics and individual differences among consumers influence the acceptance of novel agri-food technologies. They argue that the adoption of technologies that have the potential to transform food systems must be acceptable to consumers.
See Garnett et al. and Siegrist et al.
Image: Nipitpon Singad/EyeEm/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Form and function
Food gels and oleogels feature 3D percolating biopolymers or colloids designed to span water or oil in food, thereby providing viscoelastic properties to an otherwise purely viscous fluid. The cover image is an artistic view of food gel droplets, drawn against the typical cellular background of protein-templated oleogels.
See Cao et al.
Image: Sonia Monti. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/1_11.txt,allv2,1_11.txt,"Smart food labelling
Food labels carry information about a product’s identity, ingredients, and allergenic and nutritional properties, as well as how it should be handled, stored and consumed safely. Front-of-package labels are therefore important for consumer protection and should be clear and trustworthy. Technologies such as 3D printing and smart labelling are revolutionizing food labels and packaging to meet evolving demands from consumers and the industry. A newly developed food label based on a water-soluble nanocomposite ink with a high refractive index meets quality standards and protects against counterfeiting, while also reducing waste.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,val
One Earth,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_2.png,C,"On the cover: The global food system must transform to alleviate environmental pressures,
but it must do so in a way that is equitable, inclusive, and respectful of local dietary
needs, customs, and cultures. This month's cover features hundreds of people buying
and selling food in a market in Sanga, Mali. Credit: Owen Franken, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_8.txt,ave_2,6_8.txt,"On the cover: The Amazon rainforest is a vital carbon sink and bastion of biodiversity;
however, roughly only half of the Amazon is protected, and changes in climate and
land use threaten these areas. Mosquera’s photo Ceiba Tree captures a scene above the protected Yasuní Biosphere Reserve, one of the most biodiverse
places on earth. Cover by Diego Mosquera, https://www.instagram.com/dimosb/, courtesy of the artist.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_11.txt,allv2,6_11.txt,"On the cover: The Brazilian Amazon Açaí berry, which contains antioxidant, hypolipidemic,
and anti-inflammatory properties, has boosted local economies within the Brazilian
Amazon. This image captures baskets filled with Açaí placed at Feira do Açaí (Açaí
Market), a public trading open-air market specifically for Açaí, on the Ver-o-Peso
in Belé, the capital of Pará state in the Amazon region in the north of Brazil. Getty,
Paulo Amorim.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"On the cover: An aerial photo of recently felled forest areas in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Fire has been used to clear the foliage, leaving stumps in exposed hilly terrain,
which is now vulnerable to soil erosion. This photo shows palm oil plantation areas
expanding into rainforest. Photography by Mangiwau via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_3.png,C,"Multiplexed imaging of diverse human tissues
Rainbow collage of IBEX images from nine different human tissues, including the lymph node, thymus, spleen, jejunum, kidney, liver, skin and heart. Individual images display unique cell types and anatomical structures defined by a single protein biomarker. All protein biomarkers are targeted by commercially available antibodies and obtained by IBEX, an open-source multiplexed imaging method.
See Radtke et al.
Image: Andrea J. Radtke, CAT-I/LBS, LISB, NIAID, NIH. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_11.txt,multiBv1,17_11.txt,"Intestinal organoid
Mouse intestinal organoid immunostained for proliferating cells (Ki67 in yellow), cell adhesion (p120 in pink) and nuclei (Hoechst in blue).
See Horvath et al.
Mindy Engevik, Baylor College of Medicine. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/18_11.txt,ave_3,18_11.txt,"Unveiling gut architecture using high-dimensional immunofluorescence
To visualize the niche of murine intestinal mononuclear phagocytes and their association with other immune and stromal cells, a ‘Swiss roll’ section of the distal portion of the small intestine was stained for CODEX-PhenoCycler multiplexed imaging. This method, in conjunction with the tissue-rolling technique, allows the gut architecture to be dissected at single-cell resolution. See Monasterio et al.
Image: David A. Bejarano & Andreas Schlitzer, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_3.txt,groundtruth,19_3.txt,"3D confocal image of a human colon organoid.
Image of a human colon organoid immunolabeled for F-actin and E-cadherin and captured in 3D using the easy-to-use and fast protocol provided by Dekkers et al. in this issue of Nature Protocols.
See Dekkers et al.
Image: Johanna F. Dekkers and Anne C. Rios. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/14_7.txt,allv2,14_7.txt,train
Nature Ecology & Evolution,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.png,B,"Glaciers in retreat
A Patagonian gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis) flies over the Perito Moreno Glacier in southern Argentina. Glacier retreat causes extensive changes to glacier-fed biota across marine, freshwater and terrestrial systems worldwide. This will impact the structure of aquatic food webs, with potentially significant consequences for predators such as fish, mammals and birds. As generalist feeders, gulls should be able to adapt to these changes.
See Cauvy-Fraunié & Dangles
Image: Olivier Dangles, IRD. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"Tasmanian predator interactions
The spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus, pictured) is a mesopredator that is subordinate to Tasmanian devils ((Sarcophilus harrisii). New genomic data show that quoll genetic structure has increased as devil populations have declined from a fatal, transmissible cancer. Top predators are declining globally, and this study shows that such declines can cause evolutionary responses in other predators, as well as ecological changes in food webs due to reduced competition.
See Beer et al
Image: Sebastian Comte. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,"Risky times and risky places
Predator–prey interactions, such as between cheetahs and zebras in Liuwa Plain National Park in Zambia, reveal the relationship between types of risk. In locations with high long-term risk, prey vigilance was strong when short-term risk was also high but not when short-term risk was low.
See Dröge et al. 10.1038/s41559-017-0220-9 (2017)
Image: Daan Smit. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"Seasonal change
A high-throughput DNA metabarcoding analysis of a grassland ecosystem reveals seasonal dynamism of food-web structure. The study suggests that spider predator species (such as Neoscona scylloides, pictured) with key roles in complex webs of interactions change across seasons.
See Suzuki et al.
Image: Hirokazu Toju. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Ecology & Evolution/7_4.txt,sbert,7_4.txt,test
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_8.png,A,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Shown is an HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor possessing a good mutant profile, bound at the catalytic site of the prototype foamy virus intasome including metal cofactors and viral DNA. Art designer: Joseph Meyer. (Zhao, X. Z.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2017, 60, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00596) View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2017_8.txt,ave_2,2017_8.txt,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2021_5.txt,multiBv1,2021_5.txt,"The painting conveys an anti-depression theme using a small chemical molecule, S-3a, derived from the modification of the natural product scopolamine. Dark clouds symbolize depression, while S-3a pierces through them like an arrow, allowing the sun to shine on the Earth, symbolizing the treatment of depression.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Medicinal Chemistry/2024_18.txt,allv2,2024_18.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_96,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_96.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Defenders in residence. Buggert et al. report that HIV-specific resident memory CD8+ T cells are a central component of antiviral surveillance in HIV-infected lymphoid tissue. Featured on the cover is a confocal microscopic image demonstrating the presence of resident memory CD8+ T cells in a cervical lymph node section from an HIV-infected individual stained with antibodies against CD8 (green), CD69 (red), and CD103 (pink) to identify resident memory CD8+ T cells and CD20 (light blue) to demarcate lymphoid follicles (nuclear staining is shown in blue). [CREDIT: CONSTANTINOS PETROVAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/3_24.txt,sbert,3_24.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,ave_3,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER γδ T Cells Across the Human Life Span. The functional role of human γδ T cells in tissues is poorly understood and has been largely limited to peripheral blood studies. Gray et al. characterized human γδ T cells in the blood and various mucosal and lymphoid tissues from nearly 200 donors ranging in age from a few days to over 80 years. Adult γδ T cell populations were highly differentiated and cytotoxic, whereas γδ T cells from infants and children were clonally diverse, tissue specific, and exhibited tissue repair functions and features of adaptive lymphocytes. This month’s cover depicts silhouettes of individuals at various stages of life nested within a stylized γδ T cell. Credit: Rich Thorne",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_96.txt,groundtruth,9_96.txt,"ONLINE COVER Mobilizing CD4+ Skin T Cells. This month's cover shows brown-stained CD4+ T cells in a section of human skin. Some of these CD4+ cells are resident memory T cells (TRM) present in the dermis. Klicznik et al. identified CD4+CLA+CD103+T cells in human blood with multiple features in common with CD4+ skin TRM. These observations establish that cutaneous CD4+ TRM are capable of ""going mobile"" and migrating to distant skin sites. [CREDIT: PETER A. MORAWSKI]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_37.txt,allv2,4_37.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_14.png,A,"Ketone bodies are mainly synthesized in the mitochondria of hepatocytes in the liver. Remote ischemic post-conditioning stimulates the liver to produce large quantities of ketone bodies, primarily acetoacetate and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, can disrupt Aβ42 protofibril and inhibit Aβ42 aggregation mostly through hydrogen-bonding, aromatic stacking, and cation–π interactions. Image credit: Yujie Chen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_4.txt,sbert,2021_4.txt,Superimposed molecular structures of α-conotoxin Vc1.1 and its analogues (shown in colored ribbon forms) at the α9(+)α9(–) interface binding site of the human α9α10 nAChR. The key pairwise interacting residues are represented by sticks.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2019_3.txt,multiBv1,2019_3.txt,"Induction of acetylation mediated by a CBP/p300-specific KAT activator, TTK21, conjugated to carbon nanosphere (CSP), administrated orally, promotes regeneration and functional recovery of spinal cord (green) injury (red) (partially created with BioRender.com).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_11.png,A,"Emergence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Ocean sediment records indicate that the modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current did not exist prior to climatic cooling in the Late Miocene, suggesting an origin linked to the expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The image shows Spanish polar research vessel BIO Hespérides (A-33) offshore Livingston Island in the South Shetlands Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula.
See Evangelinos et al.
Image: José-Abel Flores, University of Salamanca. Cover Design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_11.txt,groundtruth,17_11.txt,"New particle formation in Antarctica
New particle formation is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei, important in the rapidly changing Antarctic climate. The image shows an aerial view of the Research Vessel Hesperides sampling ship-borne data on nucleation of biogenic particles from sulfuric acid and amines along the west coast of Graham Land, West Antarctica.
See Brean et al.
Image: Dr Manuel Dall´Osto, Institute of Marine Science - Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/14_7.txt,multiBv1,14_7.txt,"Enhanced deglacial Southern Ocean productivity
Increased Southern Ocean productivity driven by sea-ice feedbacks contributed to a slowdown in rising CO2 levels during the last deglaciation, according to analyses of marine-derived aerosols from an Antarctic ice core. The image shows authors Dr Rootes and Professor Fogwill sampling ancient blue ice from the Patriot Hills blue ice area, West Antarctica. The surface texture is due to sublimation caused by strong katabatic winds, which in summer erode the surface, drawing up ancient ice from deep below.
See Fogwill et al.
Image: Professor Chris Turney, UNSW Sydney (www.intrepidscience.com). Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/13_6.txt,allv2,13_6.txt,"The exchange of water across the Antarctic continental shelf break brings warm waters towards ice shelves and glacier grounding lines. Ocean glider observations reveal that eddy-induced transport contributes significantly to this exchange. The image shows the deployment of a Seaglider in the northwestern Weddell Sea in January 2012.
Letter p879
IMAGE: ANDREW THOMPSON
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/7_1.txt,ave_3,7_1.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_14.png,A,"extends its gratitude to all reviewers who evaluated manuscripts submitted to the journal in 2023. Special recognition goes to the top 36 reviewers, whose thorough assessments and insightful recommendations significantly enhanced the quality of the submissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"This cover is dedicated to the 35 global winners of the I&EC Research 2020 Excellence in Review Awards. See the announcement (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04124) honoring the recipients and celebrate Peer Review Week 2020 September 14−18, 2020.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_17.txt,ave_3,2020_17.txt,This special cover is dedicated to the 42 global winners of the I&EC Research 2023 Excellence in Review Awards. See the announcement (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c03072) honoring the recipients and celebrate Peer Review Week 2023.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_14.txt,allv2,2023_14.txt,This special cover is dedicated to the 38 global winners of the I&EC Research 2021 Excellence in Review Awards. See the announcement (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03281) honoring the recipients and celebrate Peer Review Week 2021.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_15.txt,ave_2,2021_15.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_409,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_409.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week, Science Signaling publishes a Focus Issue that complements the Science Special Issue on Innate Immunity. Topics covered include the responses of host cells to factors from invading organisms, the processing and signaling of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, and the regulation of dendritic cells during the adaptive immune response. The image depicts processes from a dendritic cell (in blue) binding to bacteria. The recognition of microbial products through external and internal receptors by dendritic cells triggers immune responses. [Credit: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/3_105.txt,sbert,3_105.txt,"COVER This week features a  Review concerning the possible role of asparagine deamidation as a genetically programmed molecular timer of biological processes. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_409.txt,groundtruth,2007_409.txt,COVER This week features a Perspective on circadian signaling in the regulation of plant transpiration. [Image: Julie White],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_390.txt,ave_1,2007_390.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Review that discusses divergent roles for members of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases in the regulation of the circadian clock by effects in different cellular organelles. The image is an artist's representation of a cell centered on the nucleus and divided into a light and dark side, representing the circadian rhythm. [Image: C. Bickel/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_342.txt,allv2,7_342.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,41_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/41_2.png,B,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_1.txt,allv2,41_1.txt,"The cover is the official logo of the 32nd National Congress of Parasitology
(NCP), Pune. The conference logo is inspired by Warli folk art, a tribal art originating
from
the Sahyadri range in Maharashtra, India. The logo is the visual representation of
the
theme of the conference, the impact of parasitic infections and vectors on both humans
and animals, with a One Health emphasis, and the need to take a holistic approach
to eliminate the burden of parasitic infections. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Purkayastha et al. highlight the proceedings from the conference, which brought together
eminent parasitologists from India and also Africa to present and discuss their exciting
research from the field. Image credit: originally designed by Sindhuri Upadrasta and
further developed and digitally rendered by D.V. Mamatharani.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/41_2.txt,groundtruth,41_2.txt,"The cover illustrates a famous self portrait of Frida Kahlo that depicts
the close relation between humans and animals (domestics and wildlife) in a tropical
environment, typical of many zoonotic dirofilariasis infections. The parasite and
its vector
(Dirofilaria and the mosquito) are also part of this intricate interface. In this issue of Trends in
   Parasitology, Perles et al. review data concerning dirofilariasis in humans, especially wildlife
associated Dirofilaria species that are less often reported as causative agents of human
dirofilariasis, including D. striata, D. tenuis, D. ursi, D. spectans and D. magnilarvata. The authors advocate the importance of combined morphological and genomic approaches
to
providing unequivocal evidence for their zoonotic potential and pathogenicity. Image
credit: Sofia Otranto and Jairo Mendoza-Roldan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_10.txt,ave_3,40_10.txt,"In this issue of Trends in Parasitology we highlight the interaction between mosquito bite, inflammation and virus. The repeated
concentric mosquito pattern emphasizes the emerging threat that arbovirus infections
constitute globally. Simultaneously, the chosen colors represent the interaction between
environmental factors (lighter corner), inflammatory responses in the skin to mosquito
bites (red tones), and how this modulates the systemic course of infection (darker
tones). This image also encapsulates the interdisciplinary nature of this field, bringing
together mosquito vector biology, immunology and virology. Cover art courtesy of Dr
Kave Shams.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/33_5.txt,ave_2,33_5.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_10.png,B,Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,A label-free 3D tomogram of COVID-19 microclots was recorded using a digital holotomographic microscope.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,Self-assembled monolayers on gold with water are imaged using an atomic force microscope where a laser tracks the cantilever as it scans the surface.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,30_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/30_1.png,A,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_1.txt,groundtruth,30_1.txt,"Plants have cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse
self- and non-self-molecules. These receptors, together with their co-receptors, form
networks to mediate downstream immune responses. In addition, cell-surface and
intracellular immune systems are interdependent and function synergistically to provide
robust resistance against pathogens. Bruno Pok Man Ngou, Jonathan D.G. Jones, and
Pingtao Ding summarize the interactions between these immune systems and provide
a holistic picture, including major discoveries from recent years and current challenges.
Image credit: Ella Marushchenko (https://www.scientific-illustrations.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/27_12.txt,ave_2,27_12.txt,"Plants employ a network of intertwined mechanisms to counter infection by pathogens
and parasites. One such line of defense is based on dominant disease resistance (R)
genes, most of which encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins.
On pages 521–529 Sarah M. Collier and Peter Moffett present a “bait and switch” model
to explain the underlying principles governing NB-LRR function. This model proposes
a two-step recognition process involving interactions between cellular co-factors
(i.e. the bait) and the LRR domain, which in turn activates the molecular switch leading
to disease resistance. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/14_4.txt,ave_3,14_4.txt,"To resist biotic attacks, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune
system with cell-surface immune receptors acting as the first line of the defense
machinery. These receptors are either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like
proteins (RLPs). RLPs lack a cytoplasmic kinase domain for downstream immune
signalling, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing RLPs constitutively associate
with
the RLK SOBIR1. The RLP/SOBIR1 complex was proposed to be the bimolecular
equivalent of genuine RLK receptors, but it appears that their molecular mechanisms
of
immunity show some striking differences. Wen R.H. Huang and Matthieu H.A.J. Joosten
summarize these differences, focussing on how these receptors recruit the BAK1 co-receptor
and elaborating on the negative crosstalk occurring between the two signalling
networks. The mirror symbolizes the complex relationship between RLPs and RLKs,
illustrating their structural similarities yet functional differences in immune responses.
Image credit: Alison Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/30_2.txt,allv2,30_2.txt,train
iScience,27_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_3.png,B,"On the cover: The mirror symmetric architecture of metazoan body plans is perfectly
represented by this composite photograph, which was made in Photoshop by stitching
a transverse plane immunostaining image of the left half of a zebrafish larval head
opposite to its own flipped image at the midline. This technique of composite photography
to generate mirror symmetric images in the virtual world echoes a simple and yet robust
principle that governs the development of many mirror symmetric embryonic tissues
in real organisms: rivaling the technical wonder of Photoshop, nature can orchestrate
the generation of tissue mirror symmetry from cellular asymmetry via adhesion-based
opposing configuration. To learn more about how this morphogenic principle is applied
to embryogenesis and about the roles and regulation of apical cell-cell adhesions
in zebrafish neurulation, see Guo et al. (volume 3, 2018).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"The cover image is a digital artwork visualizing whale songs recorded by an ocean-bottom
seismometer array. Utilizing spectrum analysis and dynamic imaging techniques, Ren et al. created visuals based on the variation in the amplitudes of the seismic waveforms.
The higher amplitude indicates that the recorded noise was closer to the seismometer,
and the greater energy level of the whale song resulted in a more accurate silhouette
of the whale. The authors further integrated artistic methodologies to produce images
and videos from seismic waveforms recorded in the ocean, which enable the general
public to gain a multisensory experience of the ocean soundscape studied by specialists.
Their artwork provides new dimensions of scientific data representation, while its
creation is also driven by the analysis of scientific datasets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_3.txt,groundtruth,27_3.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,multiBv1,27_4.txt,"On the cover: Step back in time to the Eocene era in Na Duong Basin, where a remarkable
paleoenvironment reconstruction unveils a thriving aquatic realm through art and science.
Dive into the fossil Lagerstätte of Southeast Asia, where crocodilians and testudines
reign, brought to life through meticulous analysis and stunning illustration by Chung-Tat
Cheung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_4.txt,allv2,26_4.txt,val
Current Biology,34_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_22.png,B,"On the cover: A male Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus) surveys the Bambous Mountains from a perch near to his cliff-top nesting cavity.
Endemic to the island of Mauritius, this threatened species persists in a highly modified
forest-agriculture landscape mosaic. Previous work suggests that environmental conditions
experienced in early life can have long-lasting effects on wild animals, but the long-term
effects of habitat change caused by humans have yet to be explored in this context.
In this issue, Cartwright, Nicoll, and colleagues (pages 536–540) report that adult
kestrels born in agricultural territories shift investment in reproduction to earlier
in life, at the expense of late-life performance. They also survive less well as young
adults. This change in life history enabled the birds to compensate for their poor
start in life, representing an example of an adaptive, plastic response to contemporary
environmental change. Given the scale of human-induced habitat change, such legacy
effects may be widespread in wild populations. Image © Sam Cartwright.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/24_20.txt,allv2,24_20.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Drury et al. deploy a new modeling approach and show that the availability of open niches influences
the pace of phenotypic evolution across all birds. This image shows a little bee-eater
(Merops pusillus), an African invertivore (one of the groups with a particularly strong response to
changing niche availability). Photo by Jonathan Drury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_22.txt,groundtruth,34_22.txt,"On the cover: English pouter breed of domestic pigeon. Fancy pigeons were among Charles
Darwin's favorite models for the process of natural divergence in wild populations
and species. Over 350 breeds exhibit spectacular diversity in the skeleton, plumage,
and other morphological traits relative to wild populations. The English pouter shows
several derived traits under selection in domestic pigeons, including feathered feet,
upright posture, and a greatly enlarged, inflatable crop (an outpocketing of the esophagus).
In this issue, Stringham et al. (pages 302–308) elucidate the genetic relationships
among domestic pigeons and find that several derived traits were selected repeatedly
in different breeds. Photo © Thomas Hellmann; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/22_21.txt,sbert,22_21.txt,"On the cover: A collection of early Drosophila melanogaster embryos (most around cell cycle 14) revealing expression patterns of developmental
genes or expression of reporter genes driven by specific enhancers. The complexity
and diversity of the patterns underscores the notion that changes in gene expression
can produce morphological changes in animal evolution. This concept is discussed in
the review by M. Levine (R754–R763), which is part of our special review issue on
the evolution of gene regulation. Images by Mike Perry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_8.txt,multiBv1,20_8.txt,test
Nature Microbiology,9_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_10.png,C,"AMR on the move
Shown are a selection of arthropods, chosen to illustrate the findings of Brekhna Hassan, Timothy Walsh and colleagues. Over two seasons, the researchers sampled several areas in and around a semi-rural hospital in Pakistan to analyse transmission networks of multi-drug-resistant Enterobacterales involving arthropods, including flying and crawling insects, on hospital surfaces and in post-surgical site infections. They conclude that insect and pest control should be implemented in hospitals to limit the spread of anti-microbial resistance, which in turn would improve patient outcomes.
See Hassan et al.
Image: cockroaches: channarongsds/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty; all other insects: ArtBalitskiy/iStock / Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/6_3.txt,multiBv1,6_3.txt,"Microbiomes of microscopic animals
This image shows a colony of Membranipora, a moss animal (Bryozoa), and represents one of more than 1,000 marine specimens from 21 phyla of microscopic invertebrates collected for microbiome analysis. Despite their size, these animals harbour bacterial communities that differ from those in the surrounding environment. Host-associated bacteria are not, however, strictly restricted to any host lineage and there is no correlation between microbiome similarities and host taxonomy as observed in some larger animals.
See Boscaro et al.
Image: Vittorio Boscaro, Corey Holt, Niels Van Steenkiste, Maria Herranz, Nicholas Irwin, Brian Leander and Patrick Keeling. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/7_7.txt,sbert,7_7.txt,"Vectors of the cadaver decomposition microbiome
Decomposing remains, whether human or other animal, are attractive to organisms across the tree of life because they are concentrated sources of nutrients and moisture. Blow flies (likely to be Chrysomya rufifacies in this photo), for which larval stages are obligate flesh feeders, are key vectors of a specialist carrion decomposer microbial network that appears universal across terrestrial environments.
See Burcham et al.
Credit: David O. Carter, Chaminade University of Honolulu. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_10.txt,groundtruth,9_10.txt,"Leishmania goes retro
Sand flies acquire Leishmania during blood meals. Subsequent blood meals, even from uninfected hosts, trigger dedifferentiation of non-replicating metacyclic promastigotes to a replicative form, termed the retroleptomonad promastigote, which amplifies parasite numbers in the flies
See Serafim et al.
Image: Elizabeth Fischer, Stacy Ricklefs. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_8.txt,allv2,3_8.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,26_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,ave_2,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,ave_3,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.txt,groundtruth,26_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_1.txt,allv2,26_1.txt,train
Cell Metabolism,36_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Metabolism/36_11.png,A,"On the cover: In this special issue, Ashcroft et al. review evidence detailing how exercise induces cardiometabolic health benefits across
multiple tissues. The cover centers around a running silhouette, which serves to highlight
the central importance of acute and chronic exercise interventions in the prevention
of metabolic disease. The exercising silhouette is set upon a background of symbols
and colors, which represent the adaptations that occur at a cellular level across
multiple tissues. Image by Mattias Karlén.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/36_11.txt,groundtruth,36_11.txt,"On the cover: Lifestyle choices can provide enormous benefits to metabolic health,
but the how and when of nutrition and exercise are not always clear. In this issue, we present a special
issue on diet and exercise with six clinical studies, three research articles, and
a Voices series focused on the timing and feasibility of diet and physical activity.
Featured on the cover is the “Healthy Heroes Study” by Manoogian et al. (pp. 1442–1456),
who carried out a randomized control trial to test the feasibility and health impact
of 10-h time-restricted eating (TRE) on firefighters who work 24-h shifts. Both the
TRE and standard of care groups were advised to follow a Mediterranean diet. They
found firefighters could adopt 10-h TRE without compromising their work. Those who
were at a higher risk for cardiometabolic disease risk saw a reduction of these risks
compared to a group that followed a Mediterranean diet alone. The translucent cape
symbolizes how TRE and the Mediterranean diet can help protect the health of these
superheroes who, in turn, protect us 24/7. Cover art by Amy Cao, Salk Institute.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/34_3.txt,ave_3,34_3.txt,"On the cover: Our Special Issue on physical activity coincides with our Cell Symposium
on Exercise Metabolism on July 12–14. The molecular basis for the beneficial effects
of exercise, such as protection against diabetes and cardiovascular disease or improved
cognitive function, is incompletely understood. Amongst the Special Issue articles,
we include a Perspective by Neufer et al. on pp. 4–11 distilling the findings of a
recent NIH workshop on physical activity research. The cover image depicts the integrative
nature of biological networks activated during physical activity and how these pathways
connect to metabolic health. Illustration by Ethan Tyler, NIH.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/22_6.txt,allv2,22_6.txt,"On the cover: Tissue metabolism following exercise is dependent upon the time of day
at which it is conducted and the alignment of the circadian clock. However, the optimal
time to elicit a desired metabolic outcome in response to exercise has not been completely
defined. In this issue, Sato et al. (pp. 329–345) mapped and compared the global metabolic
response to acute exercise conducted at two different times of day. Both the production
and distribution of canonical and novel timed exercise-specific metabolites were revealed
utilizing a systems biology approach. The cover illustrates a runner on the track
representative of the metabolite exerkines identified in the study about to “run”
to different metabolic tissues in response to exercise. The sky above is visualized
in both night and day, displaying the timed nature of the exercise. Illustration by
Mattias Karlen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Metabolism/34_11.txt,ave_2,34_11.txt,train
ACS Engineering Au,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.png,D,"Selective catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) exhibit low ethane and ethylene (C2) productivity due to their limited activity. More active catalysts, on the other hand, often suffer from a low selectivity, resulting in pronounced carbon oxide formation. In this work, we try to combine the best of both worlds in adiabatic layered packed-bed reactors, with an active catalyst upstream of a more selective one, as an optimal solution to enhance the C2 productivity in the OCM process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,We have taken a piece of this reactor cake and used it for modeling the hydrodynamic behavior. Our results point to the regimes and design guidelines of internal recycling Berty reactors for catalyst testing.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2022_5.txt,ave_2,2022_5.txt,"Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) has been extensively applied for NOx emission control, where the formation of the greenhouse gas N2O is an issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,"Driven by readily available renewable energy, the direct electrification of energy-intensive chemical processes via Joule heating provides a promising route for decarbonization, shows potential to overcome heat transfer limitations, and enables process intensification by the design of compact reactors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
One Earth,7_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_8.png,B,"On the cover: Batteries are a key technology to help realize a low-carbon-energy future,
but the battery value chain—from material extraction to battery manufacture and end-of-life
disposal—is plagued with sustainability challenges. Interdisciplinary battery technology
research and a more holistic point of view is necessary to enable a truly sustainable
battery-powered future. Image courtesy of Getty/Malte Mueller.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_10.txt,multiBv1,5_10.txt,"On the cover: The chemical sector is a vital pillar of modern society, providing goods
and services that meet the everyday needs of the individual and offer solutions to
society-wide challenges: healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing, energy, and water
treatment, to name a few. Yet there are also trade-offs and externalities: emissions,
pollutants, and wastes are synonymous with today's chemical operations. A responsible
and sustainable future will only be realized if the chemical sector embraces circularity.
Hal Bergman for Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_8.txt,groundtruth,7_8.txt,"On the cover: Plastic pollution is a growing crisis, now ubiquitous from the tallest
mountains to the deepest ocean trenches. Most plastic products are made from virgin
fossil carbon feedstocks and used briefly but may persist for centuries as waste.
Solutions to this challenge must address the source and “turn off the tap” by reducing
production of new petrochemical products and innovating circular, renewable designs
for products that can’t be eliminated. The cover image was designed by Casey Williams
(https://caseylynnwilliams.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_7.txt,ave_2,6_7.txt,"On the cover: The byproducts of human innovation—synthetic chemicals, materials, wastes,
and modified organisms—have flooded the environment, causing widespread harm to people
and planet. Although our knowledge of these novel entities and the risks they pose
is growing, a lack of data, weak regulation, and industry secrets are preventing us
from tackling the unknowns of this increasingly synthetic world. This month’s cover
was selected to illustrate the human modification of the Earth’s surface, the potential
crossing of a planetary boundary, and the numerous knowledge gaps that remain. Image
credit: Nazar Abbas Photography, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_3.txt,allv2,5_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,10_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.png,C,"The dynamics of epithelial tissues play a key role in tissue organization, both in health and disease. In this Review, the materials and techniques for the study of epithelial movement and mechanics are discussed and epithelia as active matter are investigated from theoretical and experimental perspectives. See Xi et al.
Lauren Robinson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/4_12.txt,ave_3,4_12.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_1.txt,allv2,10_1.txt,"Tissue biomechanics provides essential biological information that is important for various biomedical applications, and conformable electronic devices are instrumental for decoding this information. The cover shows an artist’s impression of island-bridge structures, consisting of rigid functional ""islands"" connected by flexible ""bridges"", which allow devices to be stretched or bent without losing functionality. See Yoon H. et al.
Cover: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/10_2.txt,groundtruth,10_2.txt,"Physiological mechanosensory proteins need to constantly – and reversibly – unfold and refold under mechanical forces. Consequently, the elasticity of individual proteins underpins diverse macroscopic phenomena in biology. The cover shows the complex energy landscape that defines the conformational dynamics of a single protein when exposed to mechanical load. See Amy E. M. Beedle and Sergi Garcia-Manyes
Image: Sergi Garcia-Manyes and Ella Maru Studio Inc. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/8_12.txt,ave_2,8_12.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_407,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_407.png,B,"COVER This week's issue introduces a new name, Science Signaling, and a new volume number to the Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, and features an  Editorial Guide on breakthroughs in cell signaling of 2007. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Cell Signaling, features 7 new or updated pathways in the Database of Cell Signaling, which are also briefly highlighted in the associated Editorial Guide. The image depicts an ""insider's view"" of cell signaling. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_407.txt,groundtruth,2007_407.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, in conjunction with Science's Special Issue on Cell Signaling, features an Editorial Guide, three Perspectives, and a Research Article that highlight the network properties of signaling pathways. The image is an artist's rendition of signaling networks rendered as electronic digital circuits and was inspired by the Research Article by Abdi et al. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_42.txt,multiBv1,1_42.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features the annual Signaling Breakthroughs of the Year, highlighting structural insights into signaling proteins, advances in understanding signaling dynamics, and advances in methods for studying cellular regulatory phenomena. The image shows an artist's rendition of how temporal diversity in signal inputs are interpreted by a cell to produce a distinct output. [Image: Valerie Altounian/Science Signaling]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/7_307.txt,ave_3,7_307.txt,train
Nature Synthesis,3_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Synthesis/3_3.png,D,"Tuning interactions at catalytic sites
A local electronic manipulation strategy is developed for stabilizing high-valence Ru single sites. The materials are efficient bifunctional catalysts for water electrolysis.
See Lu et al.
Image: Shaojun Guo, Peking University. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_8.txt,sbert,3_8.txt,"Bottlebrush reactors
Cylindrical unimolecular nanoreactors are used to synthesize a library of perovskite nanorods with tailored dimensions and compositions, and enhanced stabilities. The dimension-dependent physical properties of the nanorods are probed and a variety of applications are envisaged.
See Liang et al.
Image: Xiaoming Liu, Fantastic Color Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"Mixing immiscible metals
The synthesis of coordination-controlled metal alloys is reported using a metallurgy-based alloy design and subsequent de-alloying process. The metallurgical alloy catalysts enable the control of metal active sites and steer CO2 electroreduction towards hydrocarbon or oxygenate production.
See Kim et al.
Image: Younghee Lee/CUBE3D Graphic. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_9.txt,multiBv1,3_9.txt,"Crystallization quality control
A flux-regulated crystallization method is introduced for controlling the linear growth rate of perovskites, leading to high-quality single crystals.
See Saidaminov et al.
Image: Yuki Haruta, University of Victoria. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Synthesis/3_3.txt,groundtruth,3_3.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_12.png,B,"The four step sequence that leads to unidirectional rotation of a light-driven molecular motor based on a sterically crowded alkene is depicted. In their Perspective article, Ben Feringa, Sander Wezenberg and co-workers describe how this concept has been exploited to dynamically control the function of molecular systems. Applications in catalysis, chirality transfer, co-operative action and the control of biological properties are described. The article highlights future challenges that will be necessary in order to fully exploit the molecular motor blueprint. 
See: van Leeuwen, T., Lubbe, A. S., &Scaron;tacko, P. Wezenberg S. J. &amp; Feringa, B. L. Dynamic control of function by light-driven molecular motorsw. Nat. Rev. Chem. 1, 0096 (2017).
Image: Sander Wezenberg Design: Rachael Tremlett",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,"The use of ratchet mechanisms to directionally bias molecular level dynamics is increasingly well understood but their potential for enabling thermodynamically unfavourable chemical transformations is less well recognised. Mechanisms of light-driven endergonic synthesis parallel the ratchet mechanisms that underpin the operation of artificial molecular motors. Advances in molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis and artificial photosynthesis also reveal fundamentally related phenomena. The cover image highlights how ratchet mechanisms enable energetically uphill processes by providing an alternative pathway (analogous to Maxwell’s demon) for otherwise-forbidden endergonic chemical reactions (illustrated by the apparently unachievable task given to Sisyphus), powered by an orthogonal exergonic procedure, often through catalysis. Mastery of molecular ratchets could be transformative for expanding the chemist’s toolbox, offering new paradigms in reactivity, complexity and control. See Borsley et al.
Image: Anna Tanczos Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"A ‘reversible’ catalyst allows a reaction to proceed rapidly even at small departures from equilibrium. These fast and energy-efficient transformations are part of a relatively smooth potential energy landscape that can feature in synthetic and biological systems alike. See Fourmond, Plumeré & Léger.
Image: Laurent Eisler; Design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/5_8.txt,ave_2,5_8.txt,"In just over a decade, radical-pairing interactions have developed from rarely observed curiosity into a major tool for the supramolecular chemistry. The ease with which radical species can be prepared using redox stimulation enables their application in the assembly and control of elaborate mechanically-interlocked structures such as the 3-fold symmetric cyclic daisy chain structure pictured. See Cai, Zhang, Astumian and Stoddart.
Image: Alex Bosoy; Design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/5_6.txt,ave_3,5_6.txt,train
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_1.png,D,Energy recovery from waste activated sludge by combination of hydrogen-producing bacteria and lipid-rich microalgae,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_10.txt,sbert,2023_10.txt,"In this work, we assessed the co-supplementation impact of Tween 80 and RGO on industrial food waste fermentation. Our findings confirmed the synergistic impacts of Tween 80 and RGO on biodegradation and hydrogen generation. T",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_2.txt,multiBv1,2022_2.txt,The hybrid rods of Fe0/Cu0-based bimetallic core and a porous carbon (PC) shell were used as novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalysts. Trace FeCu@PC had outstanding performance to activate H2O2 into hydroxy radicals for sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation. The process was enhanced by internal-micro-electrolysis and bimetallic synergy.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2021_4.txt,allv2,2021_4.txt,An indispensable synergy was found between C=C and C=O sites in biochar for peroxomonosulfate activation and sulfamethoxazole degradation. The,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Materials,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.png,A,"Developing vaccines for glioblastoma remains challenging owing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumour and the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanomaterials can be tailored to address the limitations of glioblastoma vaccination, potentially paving the way for important advancements. The cover illustrates these efforts through a brain outline superimposed on nanoparticles. See Hameedat F. et al.
Cover image: Flavia Cristina Moreira de Sousa. Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,"Trained immunity is a form of nonspecific immune memory harboured within the innate immune system, and nanomaterials are ideal platforms with which to regulate it. This cover shows a selection of SEM images of nanoparticles in the bone marrow. See Mandy van Leent et al.
Image: Willem Mulder. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/7_7.txt,allv2,7_7.txt,"Nanomaterials can be engineered to exploit different nano–bio interactions with a single system. Such multifunctionality is particularly important for the treatment of complex and heterogeneous diseases, such as cancer. Biomolecule-based nanostructures, including polysaccharides, nucleic acids, peptides and proteins, are often intrinsically bioactive as targeting and/or therapeutic agents, making them ideal building blocks for the design of smart cancer nanomedicines. See Wang, J. et al.
Image: Guangjun Nie. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_4.txt,multiBv1,6_4.txt,"Lipid nanoparticles are now going into billions of arms in the form of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, marking a historical milestone for the drug delivery and nanomedicine communities. Lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines against other infectious diseases, cancers and genetic disorders are also on the horizon, and other organic and inorganic nanoparticles are being explored, both preclinially and in clinical trials, for a variety of applications. See Lasting impact of lipid nanoparticles
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Materials/6_1.txt,ave_3,6_1.txt,train
ACS Chemical Biology,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_11.png,D,The development of first photoswitchable Protein Arginine Deiminase (PAD) inhibitor is described. The light-activated cis-isomer of the inhibitor is 10-fold more potent than its trans-isomer. Image credit: Santanu Mondal,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2018_9.txt,allv2,2018_9.txt,"To identify protein targets of bioactive small molecules, we developed a new approach, useful for rapid small molecule modification. Upon photomodification, a mixture of stochastically modified molecules is generated, subsequently conjugated to a hydrophilic copolymer, which is decorated with biotin and fluorophore. The protein is then identified by immunoprecipitation followed by MS. Image credit:",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2018_1.txt,multiBv1,2018_1.txt,10.1021/cb9002909) demonstrate that the emission color of a bioluminescent protein can be shifted by site-specifically incorporating non-natural amino acids into the jellyfish-derived photoprotein aequorin in vivo. Image courtesy of Laura Rowe and Sylvia Daunert.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2010_8.txt,sbert,2010_8.txt,"The toxicity of a nanopore-forming protein is controlled exclusively using visible light as a result of the incorporation of a water-soluble tetra-ortho-fluoro-substituted azobenzene photoswitch. The geometry of the switch under blue light prevents nanopore formation, while upon green light irradiation, the protein is activated, resulting in targeted cell destruction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,train
Matter,7_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_5.png,D,"On the cover: This month is the second annual Researcher's Choice issue, consisting
of all Preview and op-ed articles with no original research. The cover represents
a similar event where control is placed in the hands of contributors: open mic nights.
Drawing on the analogy between materials science and music, we hope this month's variety
of “performances” and interpretations of recent materials science highlights serves
as inspiration for your own work. A link between music and research is clear, balancing
creativity and skill with practice and dedication, with the ultimate goal of sharing
with an audience to inspire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_5.txt,ave_2,5_5.txt,"On the Cover: This month showcases our first “Researcher's Choice” issue. To highlight
materials science beyond a single title, the Matter team turned over editorial control to the research community, allowing them to choose
and feature recent research they found inspiring and interesting. Our contributors
selected a veritable smorgasbord of articles spanning the breadth of materials science,
highlighting over 40 individual research groups and their work. Pick and choose what
you like from the menu—all selections are fulfilling!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/4_5.txt,allv2,4_5.txt,"On the cover: In the film The Matrix, the offering of a red pill and a blue pill to the hero represents a choice, willingness
to learn, and courage to take risks. Frequently, a researcher finds their way to an
unplanned and unexpected topic that yields exciting results. Here, in our third annual
Researcher's Choice issue, we provide Previews that act as our choices, highlighting
exciting areas of materials science. Our pills are red, blue, green, yellow, and a
host of other colors! Will you choose MXenes, LEDs, perovskites, or metalloenzymes?
This author-first issue provides a snapshot of materials science. Find out how deep
the rabbit hole goes! Cover design by Sci-Fig.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,"On the cover: This month is our fourth annual researcher's choice issue—an issue that
contains zero original research articles! Our intent is to highlight articles across
materials science that authors find interesting—i.e., researcher's choice—via preview
articles only. This month's cover reflects this variety across materials science,
with a humorous take on an academic setting and lively discussions among peers. Like
the cover illustration, we hope you will find a preview or two enjoyable in this year's
collection!",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_5.txt,groundtruth,7_5.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.png,B,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"The proposed oil spill remediation technology, using a reusable superhydrophobic porous material derived from waste, can effectively remove oil from marine and coastal ecosystems. It minimizes harm to marine life, birds, and vegetation, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for environmental cleanup.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,Thermoprocessing glycerol/water-plasticized biopolymers with bio-waste using industrial methods to replace industrial processing of plastics with renewable materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,val
BDJ Student,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ Student/32_1.png,B,"Vol 30 | Issue 1
New Year, new goals, new challenges. BDJ Student helps you meet whatever your goals are with its usual high-quality mix of professional development, careers advice and clinical insight
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/30_3.txt,ave_3,30_3.txt,"BDJ Student - King's College London takeover
Welcome to this very special edition of BDJ Student!

In 2025, three dental schools will be taking over each of our issues. In this January edition, I'm delighted to introduce the King's College London takeover, packed full of interesting and insightful articles from one of the country's leading dental schools",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"Vol 31 | Issue 2
In this spring issue of BDJ Student, our lead feature takes a closer look at four dental professionals who have taken their clinical knowledge and applied it outside the practice
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/31_2.txt,multiBv1,31_2.txt,"Volume 28 | Issue 1
In this issue we hear from new BDA President Russ Ladwa, detail the career options for dentists in the UK and delve into oral medicine conditions you need to know about
Cover illustration by Cat Sims",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ Student/28_3.txt,allv2,28_3.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2024_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_23.png,B,000 catalysts with the aim of identifying highly active nickel species for aryl ether cleavage. Analysis of the most active catalysts leads to a set of retroengineered design principles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_12.txt,ave_3,2020_12.txt,"Diverse single-atom metal catalysts emerge and stimulate a new pulse in the coal-based PVC industry, which is heavily relying on the prohibited mercury chloride analogues. The synthetic strategies, structure–performance relationships, and reaction mechanisms of these frontiers are reviewed.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_23.txt,groundtruth,2024_23.txt,"The chemical behavior of the enzyme-like dinuclear copper and iron cores with oxygen bridge atoms enables the low-temperature and non-specific oxidation of stable molecules of methane and aromatics, potentially useful for abatement of their emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_18.txt,ave_2,2020_18.txt,based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2015_11.txt,allv2,2015_11.txt,test
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_9.png,B,"The parallel evolution of similar phenotypes in distinct but closely related lineages
has always raised interesting questions about the genetic control of adaptive change.
Now, as Kathryn Elmer and Axel Meyer show on pages 298 – 306 of this issue, genomic
approaches to studying parallel and convergent evolution might bring answers to many
of these questions. The cover shows repeated phenotypic patters in two related lineages
of cichlid fish from the crater lakes in Nicaragua. While the tree is based on the
actual phylogeny of these taxa, significant poetic license has been taken so that
it here represents the typical form of mangrove tree found in aquatic habitats. Cover
image designed and cichlid pictures supplied by Kathryn Elmer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/26_7.txt,sbert,26_7.txt,"Repeated adaptation occurs when different lineages respond to similar
environmental challenges. If the same genes are involved, the genetic basis of adaptation
might be predictable. On pages 396–407, Magdalena Bohutínská and Catherine Peichel
propose that divergence time among lineages is a key factor driving variability in
gene
reuse during repeated adaptation. They discuss the underlying causes and show that
more recently diverged lineages exhibit higher gene reuse but the relationship becomes
less clear at older divergence time scales. The cover image shows three mostly lowland
lineages of Arabidopsis arenosa (bottom row), which have repeatedly adapted to the
alpine environment (top row). Photos courtesy of Doubravka Požárová.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_9.txt,groundtruth,39_9.txt,"As populations alter their ranges due to climate change, there are new opportunities
to study some fundamental processes of evolution. On pp. 677–688 of this issue, Daniele
Canestrelli and colleagues consider emerging opportunities to study hybridisation
and the spatial sorting of traits that these ranges changes are offering. Photo credit:
Michael Rowlandson via Shutterstock.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/31_4.txt,ave_3,31_4.txt,"Next generation sequencing is driving rapid advances in our understanding of how organisms
adapt to changing environments. As Jessica Stapely, Julia Reger and colleagues show
on pages 705–712 of this issue, the speed and low cost of these new sequencing methods
means that detailed study of adaptation genetics is no longer restricted to a small
number of model organisms. This month’s cover shows some of the examples they discuss:
Anolis lizard (Steven G. Johnson), Soay sheep (Eileen Henderson), Daphnia (Stuart
Dennis), Heliconius butterfly (Richard Bartz), stickleback (Piet Spaans), great tit
(Slawomir Staszczuk), monkey flower (Christophermluna) and Littorina (Juan Galindo).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,train
Nature Food,5_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Food/5_4.png,A,"Culturally acceptable diets
The EAT–Lancet reference diet provides guidance on how to simultaneously achieve environmental goals and improve human health. Yet, its wide-scale adoption requires attention to the cultural preferences and values of different populations around the world. In China, an ethnically and geographically diverse country, eating habits vary widely. A newly proposed region-specific reference diet aligned with local culinary traditions and preferences can reduce the environmental impact of food consumption and promote health beyond what would be achieved by adhering to other official dietary guidelines.
See Liu et al.
Image: wulingyun/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/5_4.txt,groundtruth,5_4.txt,"Wild foods
The definition of ‘wild foods’ remains contested, but there is no doubt that the availability of wild food species from forests and common lands is declining due to agricultural expansion, environmental degradation, urbanization and climate change. In many places, people’s access to wild foods is also impaired by institutional factors, such as insecure land tenure. Wild fruits, leaves, mushrooms, roots, animals, nuts, and so on are culturally important and represent key sources of nutrient and dietary diversity — especially for forest communities and the poor. Research demonstrating causal linkages between dietary diversity and wild foods in India reveals that, thanks to wild foods, women are more likely to consume dark green leafy vegetables during the lean season.
See Zavaleta Cheek et al. News & Views by Sunderland and Research Briefing
Image: Nirali Bakhla. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_7.txt,ave_3,4_7.txt,"Transition to sustainable diets
Adoption of the EAT–Lancet reference diet across the world will be challenged by heterogeneity in food systems, dietary patterns, socio-economic development and environmental boundaries. Current domestic food supplies will need to transition for populations to achieve healthy, sustainable diets — and that endeavour varies in complexity across food groups and countries. The food supply of countries highest in the socio-economic development index, at present, is characterized by animal-based foods, fats and sugars in excess of the reference diet. Countries of lower socio-economic development have excess domestic supply of cereal and starchy root foods, and all countries have inadequate supply of legumes, nuts and fruits to achieve the reference diet.
It has previously been reported that adoption of the EAT–Lancet diet will decrease agricultural greenhouse gas emissions globally but increase them from some, primarily low- and middle-income, countries. Now, transition of food supply towards the EAT–Lancet reference diet is shown to reduce the global water footprint by 12%, but increase that of 54 low- and middle-income countries, representing 40% of the world’s population.
See Tuninetti et al.
Image: Merrill Images / Corbis Documentary / Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"Dietary substitutions
The contribution of our dietary patterns to the health of the planet and to our own is considerable. In the United States, among different types of food, mixed dishes (for example, pizza and burgers) and protein foods (including meat) contribute the most to the dietary carbon footprint. At the same time, Americans’ average dietary patterns are associated with high mortality rates following the development of non-communicable diseases. Major dietary changes are needed but can be difficult to implement when eating habits have been part of the daily routine of some populations for many years. Simple dietary substitutions (for example, replacing beef with poultry) are a realistic way to have a positive impact on the environment and on dietary quality. Small substitutions across all four food groups that together make up 85% of US dietary carbon emissions — namely, mixed dishes, dairy, proteins and beverages — could reduce the US dietary carbon footprint by more than a third.
See Grummon et al.
Image: Tanja Ivanova/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Food/4_2.txt,ave_2,4_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_1.png,B,"The cover of this issue is inspired by the applications of physics techniques to study art and other cultural heritage. See Leona et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_3.txt,allv2,3_3.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the use of diamond sensors for many-body physics. See de Leon.
Image: Jared Rovny. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on a network of ferroelectric domain walls in ErMnO3. See Everschor-Sitte et al.
Image: Dennis Meier, Jakob Schaab, amb design & illustrations. Cover design: Susanne Harris. [Note: The image credit originally published was incorrect; it has now been updated.]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_6.txt,sbert,6_6.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the idea that gravitational wave detectors have opened a new window onto the Universe. See Bailes et al.
Image: LIGO/Caltech/MIT/Sonoma State (Aurore Simonnet). Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_8.txt,multiBv1,3_8.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.png,B,"A new method for synthesizing urea-based polymers with tetracyanobutadiene chromophores is presented. These polymers show selective  turn-on fluorescence when exposed to fluoride ions in a wide range from 30 μM to 7.2 mM. Fluoride disrupts supramolecular aggregates of the polymer, enhancing emission intensity. The background image was generated using the free NinjaTech AI tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2025_1.txt,ave_3,2025_1.txt,"Absorption and photorelease of specific organic substances from aqueous environments using tailored Q-silsesquioxane-azobenzene hybrid sponges. The image was generated through Adobe Photoshop (v 25.12) Generative AI, and the molecular structures were manually created using Avagadro (v 1.2.0).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"A carbon-based heterogeneous photoinitiator composed of a graphite nitride carbon (g-C3N4) and borates was reported. By incorporating the electron transferring between the UV-excited g-C3N4 and borates, this system exhibits good photoinduced initiating ability and enables effective photopolymerization of acrylates.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_10.txt,sbert,2024_10.txt,"Fluorescent sugar-hydrogel, developed using the functionalization of chitosan and an anthracene derivative, which shows solvent-dependent aggregation-based exciplex emission in gel networks at a normal temperature. The background image was created using DALL·E, an AI-powered image generation tool by OpenAI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_8.png,D,"Recent studies of phase-separated germ granules increasingly demonstrate important
connections to small RNA mediated gene regulation across species. On pages 387–401
in this issue, Sundby et al. synthesize our current understanding of the roles, functions, and connections between
the four known types of germ granules and small RNA pathways in C. elegans. The authors point out that the field must apply new imaging, genetic, and biochemical
technologies to fully ‘connect the dots’ between germ granules and small RNA pathway
functions in epigenetic inheritance and fertility. Cover design by Amanda G. Charlesworth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/31_8.txt,ave_3,31_8.txt,"Circular RNAs are an emerging class of RNA with a covalently closed structure and
high stability. Circular RNAs were once thought to exist in low levels, but advances
in high-throughput sequencing have revealed circular RNAs to be an abundant and evolutionarily
conserved class of RNAs with a range of cellular functions. In this issue, Xiao et al. (pages 226–240) reveal the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of circular
RNAs. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/ MirageC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/30_10.txt,allv2,30_10.txt,"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small RNAs that function by post-transcriptionally
regulating protein accumulation. Recent findings have shown that miRNAs mediate gene
silencing through a dual repression system, inducing translational repression and
mRNA decay in both plant and animal kingdoms. However, the mechanisms that regulate
these functions appear to be different between the two kingdoms. In this issue, Iwakawa
and Tomari review the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated gene silencing
between plant and animal kingdoms. The cover is an image of the first author’s wife
and new baby and depicts the baby (miRNA) silencing the mother (message). Cover image
courtesy of the first author, Hiro-oki Iwakawa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/25_3.txt,multiBv1,25_3.txt,"In ancient China, families would hold coronations for children upon reaching adulthood.
Similarly, eukaryotic mature RNA features a canonical m7G cap at the 5’-end. In contrast, the noncanonical NAD+ cap is added through ab initio capping and is vulnerable to degradation through deNADding and deNMNning. These NAD+-capped RNAs are spliced and polyadenylated similar to m7G-RNAs, and are enriched
in mitochondria. In this issue, Ma et al. outline the detection, sequencing methods, and functional significance of NAD+-capped RNAs on pages 355–359. Cover image by Yong Chen from Riblab workshop.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_8.txt,groundtruth,34_8.txt,test
Nature Electronics,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/8_1.png,D,"Three-dimensional electronics
Our 2024 technology of the year is three-dimensional electronics.
See Editorial
Image: Kameon/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_7.txt,allv2,7_7.txt,"Brain–computer interfaces
Our 2023 technology of the year is brain–computer interfaces.
See Editorial
Illustration, L. Heslop / Springer Nature; background element, Kody King / iStock / Getty Images Plus Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_11.txt,multiBv1,6_11.txt,"Industrially manufactured qubits
Silicon quantum dots and spin qubits can be fabricated in a 300-mm semiconductor manufacturing facility using all-optical lithography and fully industrial processing. The photograph on the cover shows a section of a 300-mm wafer that contains 82 unit cells (die) and more than 10,000 quantum dot arrays of various lengths.
See Zwerver et al.
Image: Tim Herman/Intel. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_10.txt,sbert,5_10.txt,"Quantum computing
Our 2025 technology of the year is quantum computing.
See Editorial
Image and cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.png,C,"The cover of this issue depicts hypernuclei decay events recorded in nuclear emulsion. See Saito et al.
Image: Takehiko Saito, RIKEN. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_1.txt,ave_3,3_1.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al.
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.txt,ave_2,6_11.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"The cover of this issue illustrates the nuclear landscape with exotic nuclei. See Ye.
Image: Yanlin Ye. Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_6.png,B,"On the cover: A pair of embryonic day 16.5 mouse kidneys with ureteric duct epithelial
cells expressing hoxb7-GFP, imaged on a stereo microscope, and “Zu Sun,” meaning “grandparent-grandchild”
in Chinese, rendered in Zuan calligraphy. In this issue of Cell Systems, Yu et al. (221–227) define simple rules for branching morphogenesis that can produce
macroscopic differences in organ structure. The rules producing the Zu Sun branching
orientation explain the characteristics of the kidney. Image courtesy of Wei Yu and
UCSF; original calligraphy courtesy of Ramon Lim, MD, PhD, Professor Emeritus, Carver
College of Medicine, University of Iowa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/9_4.txt,allv2,9_4.txt,"On the cover: An array of human kidney organoids patterned with precise control over
starting nephron progenitor number. Staining for podocytes (NPHS1, yellow), proximal
tubules (LTL, cyan), and distal tubules (ECAD, bright pink) demonstrates the capability
for more targeted self-organization of organoid tissues and structures. In this issue
of Cell Systems, Porter et al. use a DNA-based cell patterning technology to demonstrate that precise control over
the initial numbers and ratios of epithelial progenitors modulates tissue composition
and morphology in a human kidney organoid model. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_6.txt,groundtruth,15_6.txt,"On the cover: Diverse cell types in complex tissues, represented as marbles of different
colors, can be characterized based on their unique 3D chromatin structures in the
cell nucleus, highlighted in the large marble at the front. Zhang et al. (798–807)
develop Fast-Higashi, an algorithm that utilizes the latent correlation of 3D genome
features across different cells using single-cell Hi-C data to enhance the efficiency
and interpretability of single-cell 3D genome analysis. Image credit: Katie Vicari.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_3.txt,ave_2,13_3.txt,"On the cover: Image of a microwell subarrays with organoids. In this issue, Sockell
et al. (p. 764–776) describe a microwell platform for phenotypic profiling of organoids
at single-cell/organoid resolution. Various phenotypic traits such as growth rate
and movement as well as apical-basal polarity have been profiled. Coupled with the
mechanism for physical organoid retrieval and single-organoid sequencing, the microwell
platform enables genotype-phenotype matching of phenotype-of-interest. Image credit:
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/14_4.txt,sbert,14_4.txt,train
NATURE MEDICINE,30_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_6.png,A,"Focus on Precision Health
This special Focus issue is all about precision health, the tailoring of preventive and treatment approaches to individuals based on their unique characteristics, across different geographical and clinical contexts.
The cover shows a heart created from fruits and vegetables representing the work from Bermingham et al. showing that personalized dietary programs can lead to significant improvements in cardiometabolic and gut health.
See Bermingham et al.
Image: ZOE. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_6.txt,groundtruth,30_6.txt,"The burden of proof
In this issue, five Burden of Proof studies from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation present a new method for assessing the cumulative strength of available evidence for risk factors and associated health outcomes. Together, these papers describe the methodology and demonstrate the utility of the approach with exemplars over which the burden of proof spans a range of certainty. The magnifying glass in the cover image represents the burden of proof risk function, which enables a closer view of risk factors and the evidence for associated health outcomes.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Annika Newell. Cover design: Marina Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/28_3.txt,sbert,28_3.txt,"Epigenomics and precision health
Epigenomics regulates gene expression and is as important as genomics in precision personal health, as it is heavily influenced by environment and lifestyle. In this issue of Nature Medicine, Michael Snyder and colleagues report that changes in different types of ‘omics’ data associate with different physiological aspects of a human volunteer studied over a period of 36 months: DNA methylation with chronic conditions and transcriptome with acute events.
See Snyder and colleagues
Image credit: Lin Xia (concept), Zhenran Li (designer), Zhirui Zhao (painter). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/24_1.txt,ave_2,24_1.txt,"Focus on Building Healthy Populations
There has been tremendous improvement in human health over the past century, but new threats and growing inequalities have emerged. This Focus issue presents a variety of news, opinions, reviews and original research studies on critical areas and challenges that must be addressed in order to build healthy communities, with special consideration given to the unique needs of younger and older people. The cover depicts planet Earth as a puzzle in progress, with the pieces representing diverse global populations.
Image: aelitta / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/29_6.txt,allv2,29_6.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_6.png,B,We report the first genetic-encoded photocatalysis method for spatially restricted optochemical modulation of neurons. The cell-type-specific small molecule release dissects an anti-itch signaling mechanism in live mice.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_12.txt,ave_3,2024_12.txt,"Enzyme engineering requires researchers to navigate a high-dimensional sequence–activity landscape to identify variants with the desired properties. This represents a highly challenging task, but machine learning and automation can accelerate such projects and increase the chances of success.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,Integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) with quantum tunneling technology enables the single-molecule identification of complex carbohydrate anomers and stereoisomers over a dynamic configuration space with accuracy as high as 100%.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_4.txt,allv2,2024_4.txt,"ChatGPT-based assistants can engage in a wide range of lab activities, assisting human researchers to expedite the discovery of MOFs and COFs. Through the integration of a multi-AI system, we demonstrate that these assistants are capable of reshaping the traditional research paradigm, heralding a future where human",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,test
ACS Sensors,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_9.png,C,Nitrogen vacancy color defects in synthetically grown diamond structures are used to sense paramagnetic molecules. Illumination of the diamond structure with green light results in the emission of red photoluminescence and the spin polarization of electrons associated with the color defect. The polarization of these electrons is perturbed by proximal paramagnetic molecules which is read out optically. This work paves the way for rapid detection of biologically important paramagnetic species including free radicals associated with disease. Artwork by Melissa Mather.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2020_10.txt,ave_3,2020_10.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,"The oxygen-terminated nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond microsensor exhibits high-antifouling properties against protein adsorption and exceptional electrochemical activities, allowing for in vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics in rat brains and presenting a potential solution for the design of next-generation antifouling neural recording sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes are continuing to find numerous applications across a diverse range of fields due to their unique properties. Laser ablation selectively introduces robust regions of pH-sensitive sp2 carbon into the BDD surface. Here, we explore the application of such electrodes inthe ex vivo pH mapping of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the esophagus to the  duodenum. Detecting pH disturbance in the GI tract can provide valuable information for early diagnosis of digestive related disorders. Artwork by Teena Rajan.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2020_4.txt,allv2,2020_4.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_5.png,A,"On the road to ruminant T2T genomics
The ruminant telomere-to-telomere (RT2T) consortium aims to generate complete diploid assemblies for many ruminant species to examine chromosomal evolution in the context of natural selection and domestication.
See Kalbfleisch et al.
Image: Westend61/ Westend61/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_5.txt,groundtruth,56_5.txt,"Cotton pan-genome
Pan-genome and pan-3D-genome analyses reveal evolutionary relationships between transposon-driven variations in genome size and chromatin topology innovation in the Gossypium genus, and delineate the genomic basis of the evolution of cotton fiber from coarse sparse to slender spinnable. Today, the allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum is widely cultivated around the world.
See Wang et al.
Image: Shuangxia Jin. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_1.txt,ave_1,54_1.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,multiBv1,56_7.txt,"Regulatory variants in cattle
Unraveling the tissue-specific genetic regulation of gene expression is essential for both biological discovery and genetic improvement in farm animals. In this analysis, the FarmGTEx consortium builds a multi-tissue atlas of regulatory variants in cattle and shows the importance of this resource to understanding regulatory mechanisms underlying complex traits of economic value. The FarmGTEx consortium is working on other farm animal species now.
See Liu et al.
Image: Image courtesy of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_4.txt,allv2,54_4.txt,test
Neuron,113_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_4.png,C,"On the cover: This special issue celebrates Neuron's 30th anniversary with a series of reviews and perspectives that discuss longstanding
questions and recent advancements that span a range of topic areas in neuroscience
to provide inspiration for future studies. The cover for this anniversary issue is
inspired by the seemingly limitless possibilities for the future of the field as we
reflect on how far we have come since our launch in 1988 and how much more there is
yet to explore and understand about the brain. We thank all the authors, readers,
and reviewers who have contributed to the journal and made it successful and look
forward to the next 30 years of boundless exploration and groundbreaking discoveries
in neuroscience. Cover art by Yvonne Blanco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/100_5.txt,ave_3,100_5.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_1.txt,allv2,113_1.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a collection of reviews and perspectives on the neurobiology of aging.
The causes of brain aging are multidimensional and complex. Highlighting this, the
cover image is provided by Schwartz and colleagues, who discuss the impact of the immune system on brain aging and propose the provocative
idea of anti-aging immune therapy.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_4.txt,groundtruth,113_4.txt,"On the cover: This special issue celebrates Neuron's 25th anniversary with a series of Perspectives that reflect on where the field has been
and where we are going. The cover for this anniversary issue is inspired by the content
that has made Neuron the premier forum for groundbreaking neuroscience research since 1988. The word cloud
comprises the words that have appeared most frequently in titles of Neuron manuscripts over the past 25 years and is layered onto a mosaic of past Neuron covers. We thank all the authors, readers, and reviewers who have contributed to
the journal and made it successful and look forward to another 25 years of exciting
neuroscience. Cover art by Adam Goldstein.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/80_4.txt,ave_2,80_4.txt,val
Trends in Chemistry,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/7_2.png,A,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"Diverse proteoforms arise from collaborative events including genetic variance, translational,
and post-translational modifi cation. These heterogeneous modifications regulate protein
complex assembly, subcellular localization, and biological function. Mass spectrometry
(MS)-based ‘omics’ approaches are widely used to dissect the identity, localization,
abundance, and dynamics of the heterogeneous proteome. On pages 445–455 of this issue,
Wu and Robinson review the role of native MS in providing a hub to link cofactor and
ligand binding with proteoform incorporation. The authors discuss how connecting these
“multi-omics” approaches to endogenous protein assemblies, helps elucidate their origin,
regulation and control. Shown on the cover is a structure of the human V-type ATPase
highlighting the incorporation of subunit G2, linking origin to brain synapses, and
the lipid dolichol-linked oligosaccharide identified in ATPases from kidney. Image
credit: the Di Wu and the Robinson group (the University of Oxford).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous, crystalline materials comprising inorganic
nodes and organic linkers that self-assemble into multidimensional lattices. Because
of their exceptionally high surface areas and uniform porosity, MOFs are candidate
materials for water purification (among other applications). MOF porosity facilitates
diffusion of toxic analytes to binding sites at nodes and/or linkers engendering rapid
uptake, while MOF crystallinity supports precise characterization of sorbate-sorbent
binding interactions. Further, the variety of building units (nodes and linkers) available
allows access of structures with a range of chemical and physical properties that
may support the extraction of chemical toxins with a range of molecular architectures.
On pages 304–317 of this issue, Farha and colleagues highlight how teams around the
globe are using zirconiumbased MOFs to extract organic pollutants from water. Cover
image by Timur Islamoglu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/1_8.txt,ave_3,1_8.txt,"Polyoxovanadates (POVs) are a versatile class of metal-oxido clusters
with excellent solution, redox and thermal stability, and are particularly noted for
binding
to various peptide and protein targets with various therapeutic outcomes. In their
Forum article in this issue, Merlino and co-workers discuss recent data on the structural
features and binding mechanisms of POVs with proteins, to help better elucidate
structure-property-function correlation. These studies can aid the development of
new
POVs, help to better understand their biological action, suggest new uses for known
structures and break into wider fields like biohybrid materials and energy process
engineering.
Cover image credit: Prof. Antonello Merlino",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/7_1.txt,allv2,7_1.txt,val
Organic Letters,2025_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_8.png,D,"1,2-Dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine (RH-5849) and related N-alkyl-N,Nʹ-diacylhydrazines are environmentally benign insect growth regulators.  We have discovered that the biologically active trans–cis (t–c) rotameric conformation of these N-alkyl-N,Nʹ-diacylhydrazine-based insecticides are stabilized by an unusual nN(amide) → π*Ar interaction mediated by the lone pair of electrons of one of their hydrazide amide nitrogen atoms. The cover was conceived by Bani Kanta Sarma and Biswajit Sahariah and created by Biswajit Sahariah with the assistance of Jugal Kishore Rai Deka. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2021_7.txt,sbert,2021_7.txt,"The cover art illustrates a selective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of azaarenes with alkanes without sacrificial oxidants, a step forward in sustainably building complexity. This transformation is promoted by the synchronized interplay of two organic catalysts under visible light irradiation, just as two pulleys and a belt transmit the movement.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,"The cover art illustrates the photochemical Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi coupling between alkenyl triflates and aldehydes, providing various allylic alcohols. As shown in the picture, under purple light irradiation, bio-inspired Hantzsch ester is excited and used to activate Cr and Ni catalysts simultaneously through a single electron transfer process, which is the key feature of the reaction.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2022_34.txt,multiBv1,2022_34.txt,"This cover art illustrates that when two coupling partners, ferrocene-p-tosylamides and allenes, were treated in the presence of Rh-catalyst, it led to the formation of two diastereodivergent [4+3] annulated ferrocene-p-tosylamides at two different temperatures, i.e., at room temperature (represented as moon in cover art) and at 60 °C (represented as sun in cover art). At room temperature, Rh-catalyzed [4+3] annulation selectively offered kinetically controlled diastereomer (>20:1 dr), whereas at 60 °C, a thermodynamically controlled diastereomer was obtained exclusively with >20:1 dr. This cover art has been designed by Sangit Kumar, Raviraj Ananda Thorat, and Raushan Kumar Jha. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Organic Letters/2025_8.txt,groundtruth,2025_8.txt,val
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_16.png,D,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M. J. Bos et al., “Evaluating Regeneration Options of Solid Amine Sorbent for CO2 Removal” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00768); P. V. O. Cordeiro and N. M. F. Carvalho, “Water Oxidation Reaction Catalyzed by Co3O4 Treated with Organic Compounds” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01962); and D. L. Martens et al., “Creating Hydrothermally Stable Inorganic Membrane Interlayers by Limiting the Anatase-to-Rutile (ATR) Transition Temperature in Doped-Titania” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01260)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_19.txt,ave_2,2018_19.txt,"There have been many recent advancements in regulating microenvironments to enhance CO2 conversion, focusing on copper-based catalysts, featuring strategies like single-atom catalyst design, particle size/facets/morphology control, confinement effects, and interfacial engineering to optimize active site density, control reactant/intermediate concentrations, and promote charge transfer processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.txt,allv2,2024_2.txt,The strong interfacial synergy at the Ni/Ga2O3 interface facilitates the selective CO2 hydrogenation to form CO and H2O.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_26.txt,sbert,2021_26.txt,Anionization artificially modulated to increase electron cloud density and enhance intermolecular forces between amine with carbon dioxide.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_16.txt,groundtruth,2024_16.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.png,B,"Illuminating the synapse
Photocatalytic cell tagging (PhoTag) enables the selective introduction of chemical tags within cell–cell contact interfaces via visible light activation of localized flavin photocatalysts. The cover image depicts immune synapses selectively and covalently tagged with biotin tyramide through PhoTag technology.
See Oslund et al.
Image credit: Yizhengillustration. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/18_5.txt,multiBv1,18_5.txt,"Lighting up proteins by RNA editing
A method termed RENAPT combines RNA editing and site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, enabling introduction of small chemical tags into endogenous proteins for live-cell imaging. The cover depicts a super-resolution image of the GRP94 protein, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone (in red), achieved through RENAPT.
See Hao et al. and Doura et al.
Image: Tao Liu and Min Hao, Peking University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"RNA gels put brakes on translation
A team led by Boxun Lu has shown that RNAs with expanded CAG repeats can form gel-like condensates and suppress global protein synthesis by sequestering the translation elongation factor eEF2. The cover image depicts the process of RNA gel formation and degradation by lysosomes in the cytoplasm of a neuron.
See Pan et al. and Yang
Image credit: Boxun Lu, Fudan University and FreeScience Information Technology. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/19_2.txt,sbert,19_2.txt,"Living with lipid mimics
Genetic code expansion (GCE) techniques are valuable for studying post-translational modifications by incorporating modified non-canonical amino acids into specific sites within target proteins. The image depicts lipidated proteins produced via GCE anchored to the membrane.
See Ding et al.
Image credit: Wenlong Ding and Chao Liu, Zhejiang University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_12.txt,allv2,20_12.txt,train
Current Biology,34_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_20.png,C,"On the cover: A sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora) moving to the beat of human music. The images show consecutive frames from a cycle
of rhythmic movement. The ability to synchronize movements to a musical beat was long
thought to be uniquely human. In this issue, Patel et al. (pages 827–830) report a
controlled experiment with this cockatoo (named Snowball). By manipulating the tempo
of a musical excerpt across a wide range, the authors show that the animal spontaneously
adjusts the tempo of its rhythmic movements to stay synchronized with the beat. A
second study in this issue, by Schachner et al. (pages 831–836), examines an African
grey parrot as well as YouTube videos of Snowball and many other animals moving to
music and finds 14 species of parrot and one elephant that move in synchrony to a
musical beat. Together, these studies reveal that a basic human response to music
is shared by certain other species. Photographs by Irena Schulz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_15.txt,allv2,19_15.txt,"On the cover: Marmoset monkey infant on the back of an adult. Marmosets are cooperatively
breeding primates native to northeastern Brazil. Unlike most nonhuman primates, their
vocalizations change considerably during postnatal development. In this issue, Takahashi
et al. (pages 1844–1852) show that infants who experimentally received more contingent
vocal feedback from their parents had a faster rate of vocal development. By using
twins, they demonstrate that this differential rate of vocal development was not linked
to genetics, perinatal experience, or body growth. These results overturn the half-century-old
notion that the development of nonhuman primate vocalizations is impervious to experience.
Photograph © Nylo de Meijer; used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_13.txt,ave_2,27_13.txt,"On the cover: Gibbons are well known for their melodious morning song bouts. In this
issue, Ma et al. show that three adult male crested gibbon species adjust rhythm to facilitate song
coordination with adult females. This image shows an adult male cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), one of the study species with a particularly strong adjustment in rhythm. This
species is Critically Endangered, with only one population of 74 individuals, calling
for urgent conservation. Photo by Chao Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_20.txt,groundtruth,34_20.txt,"On the cover: The powerful and characteristic roars of howler monkeys are among the
loudest vocalizations produced by any terrestrial animal. All howler monkey species
have a highly modified larynx with a greatly enlarged cup-shaped hyoid bone, which
is thought to function as a resonating chamber for their calls. However, there is
striking variation in the size of the hyoid between sexes and among species. The cover
shows a group of black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya). This species commonly lives in multi-male groups and is sexually dichromatic (males
are black, females are blonde). In this issue, Dunn et al. (pages 2839–2844) show
that males of howler monkey species characterized by multi-male groups invest in large
testes but have relatively small hyoids. However, males of species characterized by
harem groups invest in large hyoids and have relatively small testes. This is the
first known example of an evolutionary trade-off between investment in vocal traits
and investment in sperm competition. Photograph © Mariana Raño, used with permission.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_4.txt,sbert,25_4.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.png,B,"Designing portable medical equipment and devices, such as portable low-field magnetic resonance imaging devices, can help address diagnostic and treatment challenges in low-resource settings, in which access to healthcare facilities and repair options are limited. See W. Taylor Kimberly et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"The motions of the heart are regulated by electrophysiological signals, which can be monitored and altered by bioelectronic devices for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, soft bioelectronic devices, composed of deformable and conductive materials, can be implanted or designed as wearable devices to enable conformal contact with heart tissue or the skin for real-time and precise diagnosis and treatment. See Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo et al.
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_12.txt,groundtruth,2_12.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_2.png,D,"Earth, brain and health
Our October issue features a Comment announcing the Earth, Brain and Health Commission that has been convened with Nature Mental Health. By applying innovative cutting-edge technology, such as remote-sensing satellite data, with other sociodemographic and neuroimaging data, the commission seeks to shape new ways to identify biomarkers to help understand the environmental impact on mental health. Our cover is a nod to capturing the topography of green and blue spaces, as well as associations with brain and mental health, using satellite imagery.
Read more in the Comment from Schumann et al
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_3.txt,multiBv1,2_3.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,allv2,2_5.txt,"Climate mental health
The February cover is a moody depiction of climate mental health. Intended to invoke the idea of the interplay among Gaia (the spirit of Earth), nature and humanity, the blue tones also reference the Connecting Climate Minds project. As a means for placing mental health prominently in climate agendas, this initiative is a catalyst for invigorating the broader climate mental health field.
See our Editorial for more on the emerging field of climate mental health
Image: Rebeka Ryvola/Climate Cares Centre. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_11.txt,ave_1,2_11.txt,"Refugee mental health
The number of people displaced by climate-related natural disasters, political conflict and violence continues to grow. Refugees who have often been exposed to horrific conditions at home may also face further trauma in transit. In our November issue, we reflect on refugee mental health, which has often been considered less of a priority than basic needs such as food and shelter or where infrastructure is lacking. The cover symbolizes the potential for the mental health community to better reach and support refugees.
Read more about opportunities for improving refugee mental health in our Editorial, and see Nickerson et al. to learn more about promotive and protective factors for refugee mental health.
Image: Westend61 / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,train
Science,387_6735,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science/387_6735.png,D,"COVER A young polar bear (Ursus maritimus) on a piece of ice that is drifting in the Barents Sea, northeast of Svalbard, Norway. Polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, but current melting and retreat of sea ice is increasingly forcing them onto land. A recent study has found polar bears to be evolutionarily older and genetically more distinct than was previously thought. See page 344. Photo: Florian Schulz, www.visionsofthewild.com",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/336_6079.txt,allv2,336_6079.txt,"COVER Sea otters use rocks as tools to break open hard-shelled invertebrate prey. Researchers found that, when preferred prey are depleted, tool use allows individuals to maintain energetic requirements through the processing of alternative hard prey that are typically inaccessible with biting alone. This suggests that this behavior is a necessity for the survival of some otters in environments with limited resources. See pages 740 and 798.
Photo: Ingrid V. Taylar",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/384_6697.txt,sbert,384_6697.txt,"COVER Gigantism evolved multiple times in the oceans, especially among filter-feeding organisms. Baleen whales, such as this humpback whale, represent the most recent radiation of gigantic filter feeders and rank among the largest animals ever. Researchers used direct measures of feeding performance and prey quality to determine the energetic drivers and limits that whales encounter at extremely large body sizes. See pages 1316 and 1367. 
 Photo: Karim Iliya",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/366_6471.txt,ave_1,366_6471.txt,"COVER A mother elephant seal rests with her pup after returning from a 7-month, 10,000-kilometer foraging trip to the northeast Pacific Ocean, where she made ~75,000 attempts to feed on twilight zone fish. Seals’ foraging success across decades reveals variation in fish abundance, which drives large fluctuations in the survival and reproductive success of their offspring. See page 764.
Photo: Bruce Lyon, under National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) research permit no. 23188",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science/387_6735.txt,groundtruth,387_6735.txt,test
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.png,B,"Autophagy in metabolic disease and ageing, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_2.txt,multiBv1,17_2.txt,"The ageing thyroid, inspired by the Review on p5.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_12.txt,groundtruth,20_12.txt,"Key advances in endocrinology, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p71
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/17_11.txt,allv2,17_11.txt,"The relationship between the gut microbiota and thyroid disorders, inspired by the Review on p511.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_4.txt,sbert,20_4.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.png,B,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Delivery of miR-23a/27a/26a cluster by RVG-modified satellite cell-derived Exos could be a promising targeted treatment for DN. RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos could effectively ameliorate tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) by a mechanism that synergistically targets several profibrotic regulators, which not only regulated miRNA cluster-targeting Lpp simultaneously, but controlled miR-27a-3p-targeting Zbtb20 and miR-26a-5p-targeting Klhl42, respectively. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01140-4). See the article in pages 2455–2468",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_1.txt,ave_3,44_1.txt,Cover Credit: CircNSD1 acts as ceRNA of miR-429-3p to promote the target gene SULF1 expression and activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway signaling to enhance fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposition leading to cardiac fibrosis. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01296-7). See the article in pages 2092-2106.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_3.txt,groundtruth,45_3.txt,"NcRNAs involved in different mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiac cell apoptosis. MiR-499-5p and miR-532-3p regulate DOX-induced mitochondrial fission; miR-15b-5p, miR-23a, miR-29b, miR-146a and LincRNA-p21 regulate the DOX-induced decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release; miR-15b-5p, miR-23a, miR-30 and LincRNA-p21 regulate DOX-induced ROS production; miR-140-5p, miR-451 and LincRNA-p21 regulate DOX-induced change of antioxidant levels; miR-378 regulates DOX-induced ER stress; miR-320a regulates the DOX-induced impact on microvessel density; miR-21, miR-34a-5p, miR-130a, miR-208a, miR-212/132, Linc00339, LncRNA CHRF, LncRNA Mhrt and CircRNA derived from the Ttn 105-111 gene regulate DOX-induced apoptosis with no clearly indicated mechanisms; and LncRNA FOXC2-AS1 regulates DOX-induced reduction in cell viability.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/42_9.txt,allv2,42_9.txt,"Cover Credit: Following MIR, MCMECs release GMCSF to recruit monocyte infiltration, which in turn releases CCL2 to induce CCR2+ immune cell infiltration. GMCSF transits CCR2+ macrophages to M1 phenotype, mediating and amplifying inflammation that exacerbates MIR injury, while CCL2 transits CCR2+ macrophages to M2 phenotype, mediating fibrotic remodeling after MIR.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_8.txt,ave_2,45_8.txt,val
Nature Chemical Biology,20_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_9.png,B,"Focus on lipids and membranes
Most cellular membranes are structured as a phospholipid bilayer consisting of two lipid leaflets, and this provides a platform for varied functions including signal transduction, selective transport of molecules, and cell–cell recognition. This issue combines Reviews and Perspectives as well as original research that highlight the evolution of the approaches and conceptual advances in the study of membranes and their component parts, lipids, and proteins.
IMAGE: Cultura Creative RF/Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_1.txt,allv2,16_1.txt,"Putting the brakes on dynein
Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor complex that transports intracellular cargos toward the minus end of microtubules. The image depicts Lis1 binding to the dynein motor domain to facilitate the assembly of active dynein complexes, leading to a slower transport speed.
See Kusakci et al.
Image: Mert Golcuk, Istanbul Technical University; Mert Gur, Istanbul Technical University and University of Pittsburgh. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_9.txt,groundtruth,20_9.txt,"A passage for heme
The heterodimeric bacterial ABC transporter CydDC acts as a heme transporter to promote the assembly and maturation of cytochrome bd, a pharmaceutically relevant drug target. The image depicts heme and CydDC embedded in the bacterial membrane.
See Safarian et al.
Image credit: Dan W. Nowakowski, N MOLECULAR SYSTEMS. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/19_5.txt,multiBv1,19_5.txt,"Keeping translation on track
The cover illustrates the synthetic protein quality control (ProQC) system, in which a 5’ toehold switch hybridizes with a trigger sequence at the 3’ end of the mRNA to facilitate ribosomal translation of full-length proteins.
See Yang et al.
Image: Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_9.txt,sbert,17_9.txt,train
iScience,27_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_1.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image represents two people collaborating with the mediation
of one robot at an office. Shirado et al. (2020) examine the hybrid systems of humans
and machines using online experiments, finding that bots intervening in partner selections
between human participants can promote cooperation in a group of humans. The image
represents a possible realization of the research finding. Cover image courtesy of
Shutterstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_4.txt,allv2,23_4.txt,"On the cover: Can artificial intelligence (AI), renowned for its powerful learning
abilities, learn the rich emotional meanings embedded in the lines of Shakespeare's
plays through mere exposure to language? This image representing Ming et al.'s exploration shows an exciting prospect: an AI stepping up the linguistic ladder,
from the void of the senses to the theater of human emotional understanding. The ladder
and void represent the fact that the AI can only access language experience, but this
is sufficient to form a representation of emotion knowledge. Relying on language-based
knowledge representations, the AI has taken its own path to developing emotional competence,
and perhaps one day, it will actually walk into a theater to enjoy Shakespeare's plays.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_1.txt,groundtruth,27_1.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image represents the profound connection between the brain
and the gut microbiome, central to the study by Novielli et al. on the personalized identification of autism-related bacteria using eXplainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The left half of the image, depicting the brain with illuminated
neural circuits, symbolizes the application of advanced AI techniques. The right half,
showcasing the gut with various microorganisms, highlights the diversity of the microbiome
and its potential link to autism. This visual metaphor encapsulates our study's dual
focus: utilizing AI to identify specific gut bacteria associated with autism and enhancing
our understanding of the gut-brain axis in neurodevelopmental disorders. Image credit:
Sabina Tangaro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_4.txt,multiBv1,27_4.txt,"On the cover: Eye movements are important for scanning the visual environment and
making decisions—a process modulated by various emotional or motivational factors.
The findings of Maeda et al. (2020) indicate that the primate amygdala-basal ganglia
circuit plays an important role in controlling eye movements in emotional and motivational
environments and that disruption of these brain regions leads to behavioral impairments.
The cover image depicts the intense gaze of a wild monkey clinging to a grapevine.
Painting by Kawanabe Kyōsai (title: Monkey Hanging from Grapevines, 1887). See Maeda
et al., vol. 23, 2020.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_5.txt,ave_2,23_5.txt,val
Cell Reports,43_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_4.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Cooke et al. identify the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange
factors responsible for the formation of ruffles in human lung adenocarcinoma cells.
These actin-rich membrane projections play critical roles in cancer cell motility,
invasion, and metastasis. The cover image is an artistic representation of a ruffle
(in yellow) formed in response to epidermal growth factor. Image by Luciana Garrido.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/37_9.txt,sbert,37_9.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a cross-section of an adult mouse testicular seminiferous
tubule, represented as a mosaic structure of supporting Sertoli (red) and germ (other
color) cells. Heinrich et al. demonstrate that the Rho GTPase RAC1 is required for
the exquisitely regulated polarity that allows Sertoli cells to perform critical and
diverse testicular functions that promote male fertility. Image by Tony DeFalco.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/31_12.txt,multiBv1,31_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts a head-on collision between the DNA replication
(green and brown protein complexes) and transcription (purple protein complexes) machineries.
During these collisions, topological problems in the DNA (blue) and resolution of
topological stress driving stable R-loop formation (three-stranded RNA:DNA structures,
orange and blue ribbon) negatively impact DNA replication. Both of these problems
need to be resolved in order for replication to proceed. See Lang and Merrikh in this
issue of Cell Reports. Art by Angela Mele.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/34_5.txt,allv2,34_5.txt,"On the cover: Cherries represent the cohesin ATPase domains (SMC3 and SMC1A) undergoing
conformational movements and dimerization upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. These changes
depend upon the presence and binding of RAD21 domains, illustrated as bees. In this
issue, Vitoria Gomes et al. provide structural insights into the dynamics of the cohesin SMC1A and SMC3 ATPase
domains that regulate interactions with DNA. Image credit: Marianne Lemée.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_4.txt,groundtruth,43_4.txt,train
BDJ,238_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/238_2.png,B,"In this issue
This issue features articles on alveolar ridge preservation, mobile dental units, and the voice of the child in dental care

Cover image: As healthcare professionals, we cannot fully remedy what we do not recognise as existing. To be successful in treating our patients, the dentist must know about the person, not purely the name of a disease and science that explains it. Here we discover the individual and power of being, through studying a simple group of personal belongings. A portrait without likeness, one might say. (Watercolour painting.)
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_7.txt,multiBv1,233_7.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on antibiotic prophylaxis, indirect pulp capping, and artificial intelligence.

Cover image: Teamwork. No one-man band here. What’s a practice or procedure without the team behind it?
My venture into illustrations originated as a fun and creative way to relax and learn anatomy and instruments during my commutes to and from my dental foundation year. I was fond of art growing up and had strongly considered going into film-set design and art foundation opposed to the sciences. I wanted to get back into drawing after finishing dental school and I found digital dental illustrations through this.
©Pippasha Khan @DrPippa.K",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/238_2.txt,groundtruth,238_2.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,allv2,233_12.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on 3D-printing dentures, bone grafting techniques, and medical device legislation.

Cover image: Dentistry and the SDGs – Goal 3: Good Health and Well-being. This goal brings together all sides of the oral health equation – dental professionals, dental practices, and patients themselves. In addition to the teeth and mouth, dentists are well placed to discuss with patients how important it is to look after the heart, eat well and exercise.
Cover illustration by Kate Miller",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/235_10.txt,sbert,235_10.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_7.png,B,"DNA nanotechnology is leading the field of in vitro molecular-scale device engineering; nonetheless, its implementation in real-world conditions requires overcoming degradation and loss of function. We present in vitro and in vivo technologies for encapsulation and protection of functional DNA nanostructures in MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_5.txt,allv2,2021_5.txt,"mediated gene silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a cross-sectional view of C. reinhardtii highlights the precise interaction between DNA strands and gold nanoparticles, facilitated by a targeted LED light source. The illustration depicts the subsequent accumulation of lipid droplets indicative of silenced gene expression within the cell.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,Shining the spotlight on gene editors: optically controlled Cas9 and Cre provide precise spatiotemporal control over gene editing. The review discusses the methods for engineering the optical control of these enzymes. Why light? Clinical benefits? Any limitations? The future? Read more to find out!,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,Multi-fluorescent constitutive reporter plasmids generate spatial patterns of gene expression in Escherichia coli biofilms,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_12.txt,sbert,2021_12.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_7.png,B,"Dietary intake of arsenosugars from seaweed, clams, mussels, and oysters confounds studies of arsenic methylation efficiency in humans.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2023_3.txt,ave_3,2023_3.txt,", the model organism zebrafish exhibits an inflammatory response.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,The cover emphasizes the differential accumulation of thallium in zebrafish embryos and larvae and the multifaceted nature of Tl toxicity in relation to the developmental stages of the aquatic organism.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_10.txt,allv2,2024_10.txt,"Toxicological assessment of compounds to aquatic life plays an important role in protecting the water environment from their hazards. We present a web-based server, AquaticTox, for predicting acute toxicity of organic compounds in aquatic organisms. This tool could facilitate the identification of aquatic toxic chemicals and the design of green molecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_9.txt,ave_2,2024_9.txt,train
Nature Sustainability,7_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Sustainability/7_4.png,B,"High-performance textiles from plastics
As a major polluter, the fashion industry would benefit from the development of sustainable textiles. Boriskina and colleagues engineer plastic waste into wearable fabrics with combined low environmental impact and advanced functionalities such as moisture wicking, stain resistance and recyclability.
See Alberghini et al.
Image: Felice Frankel(textile background) and IevgeniiaPidgorna / Alamy Stock Photo (foreground bottle). Cover Design:Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/4_5.txt,multiBv1,4_5.txt,"Sustainable microfabrication
Microfabrication has a crucial role in device fabrication but has an unfavourable environmental footprint. Yang and colleagues present a bioinspired permeable junction approach for sustainable microfabrication, using no hazardous chemicals and substantially reduced energy consumption.
See Yang et al.
Image: Bozhi Tian, University of Chicago. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/7_4.txt,groundtruth,7_4.txt,"Highly efficient solar-based water sanitation
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has potential for sustainable water sanitation, but controlling interfacial evaporators for solar tracking to ensure efficiency remains a challenge. Guo and colleagues create a black and super-wicking grooved surface that harnesses the sunlight and purifies water at an ultra-high level of efficiency.
See Singh et al.
Image: H. Cao, University of Rochester. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/3_2.txt,allv2,3_2.txt,"Ultrafast desalination
Finding more efficient membranes for water desalination can increase the availability of clean water with reduced environmental impacts. Jiang and colleagues show that a membrane design based on a covalent organic framework can address the problem of low permeation flux and achieve ultrafast desalination.
See Wang et al.
Image: Zhongyi Jiang, Tianjin University; desalinated water, anucha sirivisansuwan / Moment / Getty; sea image, Abstract Aerial Art / DigitalVision / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Sustainability/5_7.txt,ave_2,5_7.txt,train
Nature Biomedical Engineering,8_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_11.png,D,"‘Hit and run’ genome editing forestalls macular degeneration
This issue highlights germline genome engineering in pigs to inactivate endogenous retroviruses and to improve compatibility with the human immune system, the prevention of wet age-related macular degeneration in mice via ‘hit-and-run’ genome editing, the sustained reversion of myotonic dystrophy type I in mice via the CRISPR-mediated targeting of toxic RNA repeats, base editing for vision restoration in mice with an inherited retinal disease, undetectable off-target mutations in the RNA and DNA of base-edited hepatocytes in mouse with phenylketonuria, and a web tool for the rapid design of prime-editing guide RNAs.
The cover illustrates that lentiviruses co-packaging SpCas9 mRNA and an expression cassette encoding for a guide RNA can transiently disrupt targeted disease-modifying genes.
See Ling et al.
Image: Yujia Cai and Sikai Ling, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/5_11.txt,allv2,5_11.txt,"Decoupled antigen binding and CD3 signalling in allogeneic T cells
This issue highlights the engineering of T cells and other immunomodulatory therapeutic cells with augmented functionality, for use to treat HIV, cancers, red-blood-cell disorders and injured, inflamed tissue.
The cover illustrates that allogeneic T cells can be engineered with a T cell receptor that decouples antigen-mediated T cell activation from T cell cytotoxicity.
See Kapetanovic et al.
Image: Daniel Pöschl, ETH Zurich. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_1.txt,sbert,8_1.txt,"Accelerated discovery of antiviral antibodies
This issue highlights a pipeline for the rapid discovery of antiviral antibodies, supramolecular host–guest interactions for the purification of protein therapeutics, a gelling hypotonic solution for ocular delivery, antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the capture and delivery of therapeutic exosomes to the heart, nanoparticle-based gene silencing in the haematopoietic stem-cell niche, a hydrogel for the extended intratumoural release of a STING agonist and a chemotherapeutic, and the burst release of annexin A5 in tumours by intravenously injected nanoparticles.
The cover illustrates antiviral human monoclonal antibodies, in this case against the Zika virus, discovered via a pipeline integrating single-cell mRNA-sequence analysis, bioinformatics, synthetic biology and high-throughput functional analyses.
See Gilchuk, P. et al.
Image: Molecular structures from David S. Goodsell and the RCSB PDB. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/4_2.txt,multiBv1,4_2.txt,"Stable transposon-driven integration of transgenes into immune cells
This issue highlights optimized base editors targeting the exon-7 mutation in SMN2 to restore the expression of the survival motor neuron protein to normal levels, the virus-mediated delivery of a transposon and an mRNA-encoded transposase for the integration of transgenes into immune cells, the enhanced viability of genome-engineered T cells transfected by electroporation via an isotonic buffer that dampens cytosolic cGAS–DNA interactions, the annotation of variants of the BRCA2 gene in human pluripotent stem cells, that host genes involved in viral processes can constrain the lentiviral delivery and expression of Cas13, and that replacing amino acid residues in an immunodominant and conserved T cell epitope in the capsid of an adeno-associated virus can abrogate its immunogenicity while preserving its function and potency.
The cover illustrates a gene-delivery system that enhances the stability of the integration of a desired transgene in immune cells by relying on a Sleeping Beauty transposase encoded into an mRNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus.
See Ye et al.
Image: Lupeng Ye and Sidi Chen. Cover design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Biomedical Engineering/8_11.txt,groundtruth,8_11.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_12.png,D,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shiao et al. (pp. 1202–1213) found that commensal bacteria
and fungi have opposing effects on radiation-induced anti-tumor immunity, with commensal
bacteria promoting anti-tumor immunity and commensal fungi suppressing it. The cover
art is an abstract alcohol ink painting representing the crosstalk between the gut
microbiome and the tumor growing in the tissue following exposure to a stream of radiation.
Artwork by A.J. Wolf.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_4.txt,allv2,39_4.txt,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_1.txt,sbert,41_1.txt,"On the cover: Routy et al. review the microbiota research in the context of melanoma. The cover image demonstrates
the interplay between melanoma cancer cells and microbiota visually. An intricate
network of lines creates connections that symbolize the link between intestinal bacteria
and melanoma, highlighting the recent research included in the content, visually showcasing
the intricate relationship between the two. Image credit: Simon Rohlen, known as KEF!.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_12.txt,groundtruth,42_12.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_1.png,C,"Pediatric cancer is one of the leading causes of death in children and adolescents.
However, many pediatric cancer treatments are modeled after treatments of the adult
version of the disease. New ways to model pediatric cancer will inevitably lead to
the development of more precise, targeted therapies to improve outcomes for pediatric
cancer patients. In this issue, Casey and Stewart (pages 407–418) evaluate zebrafish
models of common childhood cancers including, leukemias, neural tumors and sarcomas
to identify new mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and relapse and for drug
discovery. Image courtesy of gettyimages/MajaArgakijeva.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_9.txt,allv2,6_9.txt,"Cancer genome-wide data provide a wealth of opportunity for targeted therapies, but
evidence-based treatment options are still making their way into standard clinical
oncology practice. On pages 332–337 in this issue, Dagogo-Jack et al. discuss the implications of branched evolution on actionable molecular alterations
in brain metastasis. On pages 338–349, Staedtke et al. examine biomarker-driven clinical approaches for CNS tumors. And on pages 350–364,
Lin and Shaw review the breath of evolving TKI on-target/off-target resistance mechanisms
in lung cancers. Image by Nobi_Prizue/iStock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/2_6.txt,sbert,2_6.txt,"In this issue, Haase et al. discuss how advances in transcriptomic
and epigenomic profiling can uncover new pediatric high-grade glioma subtypes
and inform on new epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
The cover depicts an abstract representation of epigenetic reprograming leading
to tumor eradication illustrated by the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly. The brain
tumor is illustrated by the leaf and the eggs embedded in the brain. The stages
of the monarch’s life cycle represents the epigenetic reprogramming of the tumor,
going from the chrysalis to mature butterflies symbolizing epigenetic reprograming
within tumor cells. The flowers represent the fuel needed by the butterflies to mature
and thrive. The image also depicts DNA wrapping around histone subunits forming
the nucleosome, which are responsible for the proper packaging of the chromatin.
Upon epigenetic reprograming, the structure of the chromatin changes enabling the
expression of genetic programs the mediate tumor cell death or activation of immune
pathways, enabling the demise of the tumors, exemplified by the damaged butterfly
at
the top right of the image. Cover image designed by Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_1.txt,groundtruth,10_1.txt,"In this issue, Kadali and Shoshani discuss the relationship between
abnormal nuclear structures and the formation of gene amplifications in cancer,
emphasizing their role in tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance. The cover image
depicts cancer cells breaking chromosome bridges with amplified DNA, generating
ecDNA enclosed within micronuclei. These ecDNA-rich micronuclei, portrayed as
mobile carriers, travel along a winding road symbolizing the dynamic ""route to tumor
evolution."" Along this path, cancer cells act as builders or laborers, depositing
the
ecDNA-rich micronuclei into the tumor mass, highlighting their contribution to tumor
heterogeneity. Cover image design and illustration by Shilpa Madhavan.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/11_1.txt,multiBv1,11_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_1.png,D,"On the cover: The development of the nervous system requires the precise coordinating
of a complex array of processes and cell types. Mistakes in any aspect of this can
have serious consequences for organismal health. In this issue, a group of Review
articles explores the evolution of the nervous system and its function, development
of several cell types in the brain and their interactions, and the disease states
that arise as a result of aberrant function. Cover artwork derived from “Synaptogenesis”
by Greg Dunn (http://www.gregadunn.com), mixed-media painting with gold, mica, and enamel.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/32_3.txt,allv2,32_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover displays three adult Drosophila optic lobes, each stained for a specific class of distal medulla neurons (top, Dm4;
middle, Dm1; bottom, Dm11) using multicolor stochastic labeling (MultiColor FlpOut,
or MCFO). In the accompanying paper, the authors show that each of these neurons is
born from neural stem cells derived from a specific larval subdomain within a patterned
neuroepithelium. The size of each domain of origin determines the abundance of each
specific neuronal type. Therefore, spatial patterning not only contributes to cell
fate specification but also regulates the stoichiometry of each neural class. To learn
more about how spatial patterning regulates neuronal cell fate in Drosophila, see Malin et al. Image credit: Jennifer Malin.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_16.txt,sbert,59_16.txt,"On the cover: Three-dimensional projections from confocal images of C. elegans embryo show the dorsal sheet (MH27, red) and the nuclei (LIN-26, green) of epidermal
cells. To learn more about how nuclei positioning and shape are controlled by amphiphysin-2/BIN1
in worm, mammalian cells, and tissue from patients with centronuclear myopathy, see
D'Alessandro et al., pp. 186–198. Image by M. D'Alessandro and D. Rodriguez.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/35_5.txt,multiBv1,35_5.txt,"On the cover: This is a confocal image of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a primary
brain target of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) responsible for circadian rhythms, in
a 6-week-old mouse. The SCN is labeled by intravitreal injection of fluorescent dye-conjugated
cholera toxin B (CTB), which is taken up by RGC. The right eye received Alexa Fluor
647-conjugated CTB and the left eye received Alexa Fluor 555-conjugated CTB to allow
visualization of ipsi- and contralateral projections in each SCN. To learn more about
how regenerating RGC axons can be guided in the mature brain to functionally reconnect
the SCN, see Delpech et al. Image credit: Julia Schaeffer, Homaira Nawabi, and the Photonic Imaging Center of
Grenoble Institute Neuroscience.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_1.txt,groundtruth,59_1.txt,train
Journal of Proteome Research,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_3.png,C,Data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis conducted on children’s saliva identified characteristic proteins in caries-susceptible children prior to caries development. Keratin 3 (KRT3) and mucin 21 (MUC21) were established and further validated as a protein panel for predicting early childhood caries.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_1.txt,multiBv1,2025_1.txt,Proteomic analysis of human urinary exosome was successfully achieved with chemical affinity enrichment toward the phosphatidylserine exposure on the exosomal surface by molecular imprinting. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2025_3.txt,sbert,2025_3.txt,A proteomic analysis of plasma samples using data-independent acquisition (DIA) methodology was conducted to shed light on the pathogenesis of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Proteomics can be used to not only detect SARS-CoV-2 infections but also determine the variant causing the infection. Proteotypic peptides containing amino acid mutations unique to the Beta, Delta, Gamma, and Omicron variants are found to provide sufficient signal intensity for variant-specific detection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Proteome Research/2022_3.txt,allv2,2022_3.txt,train
Current Biology,34_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_11.png,D,"On the cover: The rhythmic and sequential formation of somites is thought to be caused
by a segmentation clock ticking in the posteriormost outgrowing tissue of the vertebrate
embryo. Understanding this clock requires mutations affecting its period. The cover
shows images from a time-lapse movie of a developing mutant zebrafish embryo during
somitogenesis stages, with the formation of a new somite in each successive image.
Multiple-embryo time-lapse imaging was used to measure the period of somitogenesis
in different experimental conditions with high precision. This quantitative technique
was used in concert with theoretical descriptions of the segmentation clock in the
discovery and analysis of the first segmentation clock period mutants. For more details,
see Herrgen et al. (1244–1253) and Schröter and Oates (1254–1258).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_11.txt,multiBv1,20_11.txt,"On the cover: The dynamic networks of polymers that form the cytoskeleton support
many important cellular functions, including maintenance of cell shape, mechanical
integrity, motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. Thanks to recent
technological and imaging advances, we are gaining a clearer understanding of filament
assembly mechanisms and the interplay between different cytoskeletal networks, as
well as a fuller appreciation of the range of cellular and morphogenetic processes
that depend on these structures. Our special issue on the cytoskeleton (pages R496–R695)
includes a collection of reviews, primers, and quick guides that highlights the diversity
and complexity of cytoskeletal regulation and function. The cover image shows the
microtubule network (blue) and the actin network (yellow and red) in a mouse embryonic
fibroblast plated on a disk-shaped micropattern, revealing the radial organization
of microtubules in the central part of the cell that is devoid of actin bundles and
the circular organization of microtubules where they encounter contractile actin bundles.
Image courtesy of Alexandre Schaeffer and Manuel Théry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_15.txt,allv2,31_15.txt,"On the cover: An electron micrograph of the cytoskeleton of a Xenopus melanophore shows a pigment granule (green) surrounded by intermediate filaments (violet) and
actin filaments (beige). In melanophores, pigment granules are transported along actin
filaments by means of actin motor myosin V. In this issue, a study performed by Semenova
et al. (pages 1581–1586) shows that myosin-based transport of pigment granules requires
continuous growth of actin filaments, which extends the length of actin transport
tracks.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/18_5.txt,sbert,18_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Werner et al. demonstrate that contractile rings undergo speed oscillations that their experimental
and theoretical approaches suggest are due to periodic compaction and remodeling of
the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here, gray shapes are cytokinetic ring positions in each
time point of timelapse image series for 20 control cells; the direction of furrowing
and the timing of bouts of acceleration and deceleration are random, but speed oscillations
and circumferential travel are consistent. Rainbow traces show speed (y axis) oscillations
of 72 5° segments around the ring of one control cell over time (x axis). Segments
at 3 o’clock (red) take turns being fastest with segments at 8 o’clock (green) and
finally at 10 o’clock (blue); all segments oscillate at a range of frequencies. Image
by Michael Werner and Amy Shaub Maddox.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_11.txt,groundtruth,34_11.txt,val
Trends in Cell Biology,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/35_1.png,B,"Communication is vital to the survival and growth of cells. Cells send and receive
signals from their environment and neighboring cells. They can also respond promptly
to danger signals when faced with pathogens. At the molecular level, proteins and
genes interact with one another to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions
such as transcription. Not surprisingly, deregulated cell communication can have dire
consequences and may result in a plethora of diseases including cancer. This special
issue is devoted to highlighting the mechanisms by which cellular communication can
regulate the dynamics and functions of the cell. Image courtesy of iStock/ERphotographer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/27_3.txt,ave_3,27_3.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"Phospholipids with polyunsaturated acyl chains (omega 3 or omega 6) are particularly
abundant in the membrane of a few specialized organelles, such as synaptic vesicles
and photoreceptor discs, which host very fast and efficient reactions. This abundance
suggests that these lipids provide membrane bilayers with distinct physicochemical
properties. In this issue, Antonny et al. (pages 427–436) discuss the advantages of the conformational plasticity of polyunsaturated
acyl chains for facilitating the switch of transmembrane receptors and the deformation
of lipid bilayers. Like a ballerina, polyunsaturated phospholipids quickly adopt new
postures owing to the exceptional flexibility of some of their carbons (those that
are between two double bonds). As such, they make membranes more prone to undergo
mechanical stress, including deformation and fission. Cover image designed by Franck
Aguila.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/25_7.txt,ave_2,25_7.txt,"Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its
impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent
studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication,
revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and
remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle
communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid
detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated
intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/35_2.txt,allv2,35_2.txt,train
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_6.png,B,"Auditory signals are processed along a pathway extending from the cochlea to various
sites in the brainstem and midbrain up to primary and secondary cortical areas and
finally on to association areas in the prefrontal cortex. Normal aging significantly
affects the fidelity of signals at multiple stages in this processing stream. On pages
486–497 of this issue, Peelle and Wingfield review studies examining the effects of
age-related hearing loss on the neural systems supporting speech comprehension, including
the resultant compensatory recruitment of executive control systems and the negative
downstream consequences of this plasticity on perceptual and cognitive processes.
Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/39_6.txt,sbert,39_6.txt,"Intrinsically generated bursts of neural activity induce maturation of
auditory neurons and shape the organization of future sound processing circuits during
an early developmental period, before acoustic information is transmitted to the inner
ear. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, Calvin Kersbergen and Dwight Bergles
discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for spontaneous activity generation
within the developing cochlea and the functional roles of the resulting highly patterned
neural activity in promoting auditory circuit refinement and maturation. The cover
image
reflects the distinct spatial pattern of neural activation to varying sound pitch,
as shown
by distinct colors, within the auditory cortex of a mouse following ear canal opening
and
hearing onset. Image credit: Calvin Kersbergen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_6.txt,groundtruth,47_6.txt,"Mechanosensory hair cells of the cochlea play an essential role in converting mechanical
vibrations into electrical signals that are subsequently transferred to afferent neurons.
On pages 220–229, Piotr Kazmierczak and Ulrich Müller review recent studies that have
provided insight into the molecular building-blocks of the mechanotransduction machinery.
The cover design is a graphical representation of sound waves entering the cochlear
of the inner ear. Image credit: Nicolas Grillet.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/35_9.txt,multiBv1,35_9.txt,"Hair cell loss in the mammalian cochlea, the spiral shaped cavity containing the auditory
transduction organ, the organ of Corti, leads to permanent and intractable hearing
loss. This is due to the fact that in mammals, hair cell regeneration occurs only
during a short post-natal period. Recent studies have attempted to uncover the mechanisms
underlying hair cell regeneration during development, with an eye to unlocking these
processes, for therapeutic benefit, in the adult. On pages 139–144 of this issue,
Fujioka, Okano, and Edge review the signaling cascades involved in hair cell formation
and morphogenesis of the organ of Corti in developing mammals, the changing status
of progenitor cells in the cochlea, and the regeneration of auditory hair cells in
adult mammals. Cover image: iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/38_11.txt,allv2,38_11.txt,train
ACS Applied Nano Materials,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_1.png,B,"Gold nanoclusters embedded in cross-linked lysozyme crystals exhibit enzyme activity that depends on available diffusion channels and solvent accessibility. When the morphology allows efficient diffusion, gold nanoclusters with lysozyme can serve as tandem catalysts, functioning as both peroxidase and hydrolytic enzymes, showcasing their potential in diverse catalytic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.txt,sbert,2025_7.txt,"A dynamic interplay of reaction trajectories on the synthesis landscape: Guiding gold and silica trajectories to intersect results in Au@mSiO2 nanoparticles that exhibit plasmonic heating capabilities, bridging nanoscale precision with macroscopic applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Hollow Au–Ag alloy nanocages, obtained from sacrificial Ag nanoparticles, are assembled into programmable superstructures held together by oligonucleotide linkages. After an initial Au plating of the Ag surface, the resulting Ag–Au core–shell nanoparticles can be conjugated with thiolated single-strand DNA and are then robust enough to be hollowed out by galvanic replacement. The addition of DNA linkers with a recognition base sequence followed by heating and slow cooling induces the self-assembly of these DNA–nanocage conjugates into ordered clusters, which show a striking global plasmonic response and thus have potential applications as tunable plasmonic crystals.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2020_5.txt,multiBv1,2020_5.txt,"This cover art illustrates a plasmonic stamp, assembled from gold nanoparticles on an optically transparent, flexible PDMS stamp. The stamps can be used to drive nearby surface chemistry on semiconductor surfaces, such as silicon, with light. Upon illumination with green light, the electric field of the localized surface plasmons of the gold in the plasmonic stamp generates nearby electron–hole pairs in the silicon, which then drive a hydrosilylation reaction between surface Si–H groups and an alkene “ink”, yielding domains of alkyl-based monolayers on the silicon surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2019_8.txt,allv2,2019_8.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_3.png,B,The alignment of colloidal rods in a flowing suspension is significantly affected by the type of flow. The Trouton ratio of the suspending fluid causes more efficient alignment in extensional flows than in shearing flows. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_16.txt,multiBv1,2021_16.txt,Hydrodynamic simulations show that liquid flow has two opposing effects on the speed at which the volume of a nanogel particle changes during collapse and expansion. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"In analogy to temperature, variations of the hydrostatic pressure can trigger the swollen-to-collapsed phase transition in polymer brushes, as evidenced and explained by the combination of experimental methods and numerical simulations.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2023_22.txt,sbert,2023_22.txt,Stretchable supramolecular hydrogels with a unique colloidal network are developed by polymerization-induced hydrogen bond complexation and thus microphase separation to form colloidal particles that combine into clusters and finally a continuous colloidal network. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_21.txt,allv2,2022_21.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_12.png,C,"Movement and time are intertwined, yet cognitive scientists do not fully understand
how our experience of one of these phenomena relates to our experience of the other.
In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Rose De Kock, Keri Gladhill, Minaz Ali, Wilsaan Joiner, and Martin Wiener review
the expanding literature demonstrating that our perception of time is tied to bodily
movements, such that moving can both bias and enhance temporal processing. The authors
present a framework to explain these findings and also provide avenues for future
research on the underlying mechanisms. The cover depicts how movements of the body,
from running to dancing, are all linked by the sense of time they evoke and guide.
Image created by Katrina Nguyen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/25_2.txt,ave_3,25_2.txt,"To navigate between locations, humans and other animals use mental representations
of the spatial structure of the environment. The classical view is that these representations
take the form of Euclidean cognitive maps, but alternative theories suggest these
representations are cognitive graphs consisting of nodes connected by paths. In this
issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Michael Peer and colleagues review recent work suggesting that both map-like and
graph-like representations exist in parallel and that they can be applied to both
spatial and nonspatial knowledge. Cover image from Mehau Kulyk/Science Photo Library/Getty
Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/25_12.txt,allv2,25_12.txt,"Research on human navigation has largely been limited to Western
environments and participants, but anthropological accounts reveal diverse cultural
adaptations to navigation. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Pablo Fernandez-
Velasco and Hugo Spiers connect these anthropological studies with cognitive
science research, emphasizing the diverse, multimodal environmental cues used by
indigenous communities. They further show how environmental cues are integrated with
systematized knowledge, visualization techniques, and cognitive artifacts to produce
a
rich and varied array of navigation systems across different cultures. Cover image
from
Justin Lewis/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_12.txt,groundtruth,28_12.txt,"Vision and navigation seem to share several similar computations challenges, but the
extent to which these challenges are solved by overlapping neural systems is unclear.
In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Matthias Nau, Joshua B. Julian, and Christian F. Doeller discuss recent electrophysiological
and neuroimaging work demonstrating that mammalian hippocampal formation mechanisms
supporting navigation also mediate representations of visual space. Cover design by
the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/22_5.txt,sbert,22_5.txt,test
Nature Protocols,19_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_9.png,C,"A 3D cardiac microchamber derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells that are engineered to spatially differentiate and organize into distinct tissue types, as indicated by the differential expression pattern of cardiac troponin T (red) and SM22 (green). Nuclei are stained blue. Image taken from the protocol by Ma et al. doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.006. Cover design by Jamel Wooten.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_9.txt,ave_3,13_9.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,"Tumor cell captured via magnetic beads functionalized with tetrahedral DNA frameworks
Scanning electron micrograph of streptavidin-labeled magnetic beads (green) bound to biotin-labeled tetrahedral DNA frameworks anchored with aptamers to a HepG2 cell (pink). See Chen, Y. et al.
Image: [ Yirong Chen, Dekai Ye and Min Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University] Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_9.txt,groundtruth,19_9.txt,"Scanning electron micrograph of a cell (pink) that is semi-encapsulated by DNA hydrogel (blue) (pseudocolored).
MCF-7 cell captured as a consequence of an aptamer-trigger-clamped hybridization chain reaction (atcHCR). The 3D environment of the DNA networks minimizes cell damage, and the cells can subsequently be released for live-cell analysis.
See Ye et al.
Image: Dekai Ye and Tingting Zhai. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_6.txt,allv2,15_6.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_1.png,B,Polyacetals spaced by long ethylene sequences develop two major layered crystalline polymorphs: a kinetically favored phase (form I) with a low energy barrier and form II with a much higher energy barrier that develops in a higher temperature range. In the narrow range where both forms overlap (< 1 °C) the competition in nucleation and growth at the boundary between both forms is so strong that crystallization is basically suppressed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,"The molecular origin of the glassy dynamics associated with the gas-barrier properties, the crystallization kinetics, and the phase behavior of poly(ethylene 2,5-furanoate) (PEF) are explored by employing pressure in addition to temperature.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"Connecting free volume to glassy behavior: Using the theory-based “LCL” equation of state, free volume in the melt (liquid) state is analyzed for a sizable set of 51 polymers. We find that melts go glassy upon reaching a “boundary” of minimum (total) percent free volume that depends roughly linearly on temperature. We interpret this boundary as being close to the T-dependent free volume associated with solid-like segmental vibrational motions, a theme that can also be connected with entropy-based concepts for dynamics and the ideal glass transition; indeed, the model analysis shows how entropy and free volume are closely connected. This Perspective takes an in-depth look into how free volume is connected with dynamics and the glass transition, how it is quantified, including its underlying vibrational and excess contributions, and how it relates to entropy. We cover our current work as well as context and commentary on a number of the popular historical free volume models.     View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2016_14.txt,allv2,2016_14.txt,The traditional “glassy” poly(ionic liquids) are endowed with high flexibility and good elasticity via a rational molecular design of chemical composition and polymer architectures. The elastic PolyILs also exhibit improved ionic conductivity and excellent gas-separation performance for potential applications as solid electrolytes and separating membranes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2021_23.txt,multiBv1,2021_23.txt,val
Cancer Cell,42_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_8.png,C,"On the cover: Aggressively growing cancer cells (black), displayed in an abstract
fragile lung, are embedded in a heterogenous network of immune and stromal cells (red,
yellow, and blue lines). Salcher et al. have created a single-cell transcriptome atlas
of a large non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort, and they depict the tumor microenvironment
at high resolution. Tumor-associated neutrophils show a distinct pro-inflammatory
and pro-angiogenic phenotype, boosting cancer inflammation, fueling tumor growth,
and blocking immunotherapy efficiency. Artwork by Lisa Horvath.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_1.txt,multiBv1,40_1.txt,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_3.txt,sbert,42_3.txt,"On the cover: Dyikanov et al. develop a machine learning platform that classifies a patient’s immune system into
five immunotypes using a blood test. On the cover, the railway map represents these
immunotypes as train stations with distinct characteristics. G1-naive and G2-primed,
characteristic of immune systems with the greatest potential to respond to immunogenic
stimuli, are represented by a fertile, green landscape. G3-progressive is a transitional
immunotype represented by a central hub. The G4-chronic station is a heavily developed
urban landscape, symbolizing an immune system shaped by persistent activation and
chronic antigen exposure. G5-suppressive is a desert that represents a depleted immune
system. The trains ferry passengers among different stations along the railway lines,
symbolizing the dynamic nature of one’s immunotype depending on their health or disease
status. (Image credit: Alfiia Mustafina).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_8.txt,groundtruth,42_8.txt,"On the cover: Friedrich et al. (711–725) reveal the mode of action of bispecific antibodies
in patients with multiple myeloma. Particularly important for a response to bispecific
antibody therapy are specific CD8+ T cells, which drive an effective immune response. On the other hand, if there are
too many already exhausted CD8+ T cells, this predicts failure of bispecific antibody treatment in multiple myeloma.
Individual differences in the immune repertoire thus determine the clinical response
to treatment. The cover is inspired by pointillism, the painting technique pioneered
by Georges Seurat, and highlights how single dots of varying color (T cells in different
cell states) can blend together from a distance and make up an individual’s immune
repertoire. Seurat is also the name of the single-cell genomics tool used to visualize
some of the data in the paper. Artwork by Su Min Suh.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_9.txt,allv2,41_9.txt,test
Evidence-Based Dentistry,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.png,B,"In this issue:
This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_1.txt,ave_3,24_1.txt,"In this issue:
This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,"In this issue:
This issue explores the many aspects of dentistry which require well researched evidence in order to support the day to day decisions made in dental practice.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_2.txt,allv2,24_2.txt,"In this issue: 
This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research.
Cover illustration by Gary Neill",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Evidence-Based Dentistry/24_4.txt,multiBv1,24_4.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.png,C,"Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_18.txt,multiBv1,2024_18.txt,"A hippocampus being drawn: This cover art aims to represent the findings of our study on the therapeutic effects of benfotiamine on Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration, emphasizing cognitive improvements through the brain insulin pathway. The art was created in CorelDraw X8. The tridimensional c",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_9.txt,ave_3,2024_9.txt,"The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Intricate synaptic connections in the zebrafish brain, with red (synaptophysin) and blue (Hoechst) marking the synapses and nuclei of the neuronal cells, respectively.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2022_12.txt,allv2,2022_12.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.png,D,"Tackling thrombotic events, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guideline on p857.
Cover design: R.Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/18_1.txt,multiBv1,18_1.txt,"Pride in gastroenterology and hepatology, inspired by the Review on p377.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.txt,allv2,21_7.txt,"Focus on fibrosis, inspired by the Review on p633.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_3.txt,sbert,20_3.txt,"Monitoring coeliac disease, inspired by the Evidence-Based Guidelines on p198.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_10.txt,groundtruth,21_10.txt,train
Trends in Parasitology,40_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Parasitology/40_2.png,A,"The life cycle of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, relies
on tight control of gene expression which is mainly facilitated by the apicomplexan
Apetala2 (ApiAP2) DNA-binding protein family of sequence-specific transcription factors.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Singhal et al. provide an overview of the recent
developments in the functional biology of P. falciparum ApiAP2 proteins, focusing on
new insights into their interactions with transcriptional regulatory complexes in
the
asexual blood stages along with their roles during sexual commitment, development
and
differentiation into mature male and female gametocytes. The cover art depicts a blood
vessel with malaria parasite-infected red blood cells. The zoomed-in image represents
the nucleus of a P. falciparum gametocyte with the AP2 DNA-binding domains of ApiAP2
proteins (purple domains inside white cloud) recruiting the multi-subunit PfSAGA and
PfMORC (orange and cyan domain clouds) chromatin-associated complexes. Image
credit: Dr. Rajat Kumar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/40_2.txt,groundtruth,40_2.txt,"The cover illustrates drug action against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. After the parasite is injected into the human host (red central
area) through the bite of an infected mosquito (surrounding purple area), the parasite
goes through a maze of different developmental stages and host tissues. After exiting
the liver, parasites undergo cycles of growth in red blood cells and eventually develop
into gametocytes that can be transmitted to mosquitoes. Antimalarial drugs (yellow
chemical structure) can block the development of these stages of human infection.
In this issue of Trends in Parasitology, Okombo et al. review the recent genomic and genetic advances in studying Plasmodium biology and antimalarial drug discovery. Yang et al. then give an overview of the achievements and future directions of the Malaria Drug
Accelerator (MalDA) consortium, a partnership of 15 leading academic and industrial
laboratories. Image credit: Hratch Arbach.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/37_7.txt,multiBv1,37_7.txt,"Non-endocytotic host red blood cells pose a unique challenge for
Plasmodium entry during blood-stage malaria. In this issue of Trends in Parasitology,
Groomes et al. richly describe how P. falciparum alters the biomechanical properties of the red blood cell membrane to facilitate
merozoite invasion, and highlight natural RBC
membrane mutants affecting these properties that may have been selected for in malaria
endemic regions to restrict invasion. The cover art depicts host red blood cells,
which
modulate their deformability to squeeze through tight spaces in the vasculature. Invasive
P. falciparum merozoites hijack these mechanisms to alter red blood cell deformability
prior to infiltration. Cover credit: Getty Images/Science Photo Library – SCIEPRO.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/38_9.txt,sbert,38_9.txt,"On The Cover: Since its discovery 25 years ago, the apicoplast has served as a safe and productive
drug target in apicomplexan parasites due to its prokaryotic origin. However, the
chemical inhibitors of apicoplast housekeeping functions often kill parasites in a
slow “delayed” manner, which limits their drug application potential. In this issue
of Trends in Parasitology, Kennedy et al. review the current understanding of the possible mechanisms behind this delayed
death effect. The cover image, provided by Kit Kennedy and based on slice-and-view
reconstruction by Kit Kennedy and Eric Hanssen, is a rendering of Plasmodium parasites in red blood cells experiencing delayed death with colored nuclei (blue),
cytostomal invaginations (light blue) and defective digestive vacuoles (yellow). The
loss of a functional apicoplast in these parasites disrupts their capacity to feed
on their host red blood cells, starving the parasites within.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Parasitology/35_4.txt,allv2,35_4.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,23_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.png,C,"Feeding the microbiome, inspired by the Review on p671.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_2.txt,ave_2,22_2.txt,"‘Microbiome front runners’, inspired by the Review on p109.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_11.txt,ave_3,20_11.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_2.txt,groundtruth,23_2.txt,"Harnessing the microbiome for sustainable crop production, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/23_1.txt,allv2,23_1.txt,test
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_6.png,D,"–FGFR4 signaling pathway by influencing gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism, which stimulates the hepatic bile acid de novo",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2023_33.txt,sbert,2023_33.txt,The discrepancy in microbiota communities associated with the differences in short-chain fatty acids from the fermentation of resistant starch with different structural features would be critical toward the rational design of foods containing resistant starch with targeted health benefits.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2021_34.txt,allv2,2021_34.txt,"The lotus-seed-resistant starch-promoted lactic acid conversion to butyric acid mainly by the (Butyryl-CoA:acetate) CoA transferase pathway in intestinal microbiota, especially including Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium, and Ralstonia, is presented.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2022_47.txt,multiBv1,2022_47.txt,Starch–lipid complexes (type 5 RS) can effectively alleviate experimentally induced colitis in mice by modulating gut microbiota,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,train
Cell Systems,16_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/16_2.png,D,"On the cover: Immunofluorescence micrograph of an iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte stained
for α-actinin (antibody staining in green) and for the nucleus (DAPI staining in blue),
imaged using DeltaVision Elite microscope—brightness and contrast of the image have
been altered for artistic effect. In this issue of Cell Systems, Peter Sorger and colleagues (412–426) interrogate cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase
inhibitors that are commonly used to combat cancer. They phenotypically profile iPSC-derived
cardiomyocytes using transcriptomics, proteomics, and functional assays to measure
glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, and they find that cardiac metabolism is
sensitive to these inhibitors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/8_2.txt,ave_3,8_2.txt,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_1.txt,allv2,16_1.txt,"On the cover: Pulses of ERK activity in drug-adapted melanoma cells shown as a heatmap
on an oil-on-canvas painting. In this issue of Cell Systems, Gerosa et al. (478–494) show that BRAF– mutant melanoma cells survive targeted inhibition
of oncogenic MAPK signaling via brief pulses of ERK phosphorylation by transmembrane
receptors. In the painting, rows show ERK activity in 20 individual cells and columns
time points (duration: 2 hours). The white and red colors indicate low and high ERK
activity, respectively. Red patches show spontaneous bursts of ERK activity swiping
throughout the melanoma cell population to sustain non-genetic drug resistance. The
painting “Pulses of Persistence” is by Peter Arvidson (https://peterarvidson.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/11_2.txt,ave_2,11_2.txt,"On the cover: Heatmap of temporal activity of ERK, measured using the modified ERK
kinase translocation reporter (KTR) and read out as cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio in thousands
of single A375 cells, before and after treatment with 10 nM Trametinib indicated by
the black line. In this issue of Cell Systems, Hoffman et al. find that ERK and p38 KTRs can be partly phosphorylated by CDK2, a phenomenon unmasked
under MAPK pathway inhibition. The authors show that the modified FRET-based sensor,
EKAREN5, does not show this crosstalk and that, by co-expressing the ERK or p38 KTR
with the CDK2 sensor, contributions of CDK2 activity on the KTR signals can be removed.
Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/16_2.txt,groundtruth,16_2.txt,test
NATURE MEDICINE,30_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_5.png,A,"Epigenetics for predicting cancer
In this issue, Widschwendter and colleagues establish that screening of cervical cancer using a DNA methylation-based triage showed better performance than cytology in the detection of prevalent disease and prediction of incident disease. The cover highlights the link between cancer development over time and increasing DNA methylation, which is already present in the absence of visibly abnormal cells.
See Widschwendter et al.
Image: Martin Widschwendter, University of Innsbruck; created by Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, scientific graphic designer. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_5.txt,groundtruth,30_5.txt,"Expanding the liquid-biopsy toolbox in cancer
The cover illustration represents the artist’s impression of a tumor microenvironment releasing fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the bloodstream. Nassiri, Chakravarthy, Feng et al. report that DNA-methylation profiling of these cfDNA fragments allows non-invasive detection and classification of common primary intracranial tumors. Similarly, Nuzzo, Berchuck et al. report that methylation profiling of cfDNA from plasma and urine allows accurate classification of patients with renal-cell carcinoma.
See Nassiri et al. and Nuzzo et al.
Image credit: Ankur Chakravarthy. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/26_6.txt,allv2,26_6.txt,"Pancreatic cancer biomarkers
In this issue, Shi, Jin, Yin, Fang, Chen, Shen and colleagues use proteomic data to identify biomarkers of the response to adjuvant chemotherapy and develop a prognostic risk model for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The cover depicts a pancreas compass with the needles symbolizing biomarkers, illustrating the potential for optimizing treatment management for patients with pancreatic cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Baiyong Shen, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_10.txt,ave_3,30_10.txt,"Epigenomics and precision health
Epigenomics regulates gene expression and is as important as genomics in precision personal health, as it is heavily influenced by environment and lifestyle. In this issue of Nature Medicine, Michael Snyder and colleagues report that changes in different types of ‘omics’ data associate with different physiological aspects of a human volunteer studied over a period of 36 months: DNA methylation with chronic conditions and transcriptome with acute events.
See Snyder and colleagues
Image credit: Lin Xia (concept), Zhenran Li (designer), Zhirui Zhao (painter). Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/24_1.txt,sbert,24_1.txt,train
Bioconjugate Chemistry,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_9.png,D,"The versatility of “click chemistry” as represented by the azide/alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and the Michael-type thiolene reaction is discussed for the synthesis and post-synthetic modification of polymers and polymer-like constructs, that have interesting applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Typical examples include peptide triazoles as polymers and protein mimics, dendrimers and glycopolymers as multivalency agents, hydrogels and nanoparticles as novel drug encapsulation approaches, and newly designed polymers for nonviral gene delivery. (See review by van Dijk et al. on page 2001.)  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/1996_2.txt,ave_2,1996_2.txt,"The bioactivity of a hydrogel is dynamically modified using three modalities. In the top panel, photoreactive sites within the hydrogel matrix covalently link to photoreactive biomolecules in areas of light exposure. In the middle panel, an enzyme links biomolecules into enzyme recognition sites present within the gel network. In the bottom panel, non-covalently bound biomolecules are displaced from their “host” docking sites by molecules tagged with higher binding affinity “guest” groups. Cover art illustrated by Lauren Halligan, Duke University.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2018_6.txt,ave_3,2018_6.txt,"The versatility of “click chemistry” as represented by the azide/alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and the Michael-type thiolene reaction is discussed for the synthesis and post-synthetic modification of polymers and polymer-like constructs, that have interesting applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Typical examples include peptide triazoles as polymers and protein mimics, dendrimers and glycopolymers as multivalency agents, hydrogels and nanoparticles as novel drug encapsulation approaches, and newly designed polymers for nonviral gene delivery. (See review by van Dijk et al. on page 2001.)  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/1999_2.txt,allv2,1999_2.txt,Utilization of metal-free click chemistry provides a green approach to fabricate functional hydrogels for biomedical applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Bioconjugate Chemistry/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,train
ACS Catalysis,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2025_1.png,B,"The chemical behavior of the enzyme-like dinuclear copper and iron cores with oxygen bridge atoms enables the low-temperature and non-specific oxidation of stable molecules of methane and aromatics, potentially useful for abatement of their emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2020_18.txt,allv2,2020_18.txt,Methane chlorination and the subsequent reduction by liquid reactive metal or solvated electrons are combined synergistically to convert methane into value-added chemicals during molten salt electrolysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"Hydroxide exerts a significant influence on the performance of the electrochemical reduction of CO2, but its specific role is unclear. Here, Mingxu Sun, Aleksandar Staykov, and Miho Yamauchi propose a possible way on how hydroxide on Cu electrodes works in CO2 electroreduction to achieve selectivity control of the products.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2022_1.txt,ave_2,2022_1.txt,"Pulsed-laser decoration of single Pd nanoparticles on NiCo2O4 nanoplates resulted in a Pd/NiCo2O4 composite with excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity in both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the hydrazine oxidation reaction. Accordingly, the assembled hybrid electrolyzer achieves low-voltage-driven hydrogen production while simultaneously degrading hydrazine in wastewater into nitrogen, effectively achieving dual objectives with a single strategy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Catalysis/2024_20.txt,ave_3,2024_20.txt,train
iScience,27_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/iScience/27_7.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image represents two people collaborating with the mediation
of one robot at an office. Shirado et al. (2020) examine the hybrid systems of humans
and machines using online experiments, finding that bots intervening in partner selections
between human participants can promote cooperation in a group of humans. The image
represents a possible realization of the research finding. Cover image courtesy of
Shutterstock.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/23_4.txt,allv2,23_4.txt,"On the cover: The image represents an oniric virtual reality environment that shows
how a physical activity, like cycling, improves spatial memory and could benefit both
fitness and cognition. Image credit: Nadia de la Cruz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/26_9.txt,multiBv1,26_9.txt,"On the cover: DNA looms large over the cocktail party. The so-called “cocktail-party
problem” refers to the challenge faced by human listeners when trying to communicate
in noisy real-world environments. Mathias et al. (104997-1–104997-15) show that a
person's ability to solve this problem is heritable and therefore influenced by genetic
factors. Digital painting generated using DALL·E 2.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/25_4.txt,ave_3,25_4.txt,"On the cover: Music and social interactions are fundamental sources of pleasure in
our lives. But does sharing music enhance this pleasure? In three online experiments,
Curzel et al. simulated shared music experiences: individuals on an online platform believed they
were listening to music alone or with others, visually represented as pins on a map.
Consistently, the authors found that the social context significantly increased participants’
enjoyment of music, with greater pleasure reported as social sharing increased. Moreover,
this heightened pleasure fostered prosocial behavior and improved memory of the music
itself. Hence, the cover is a graphical illustration representing the heightened pleasure
experienced when listening to music with others connected worldwide simultaneously.
Image credit: Grazia Fino.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/iScience/27_7.txt,groundtruth,27_7.txt,val
Trends in Immunology,45_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_4.png,B,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,ave_3,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_4.txt,groundtruth,45_4.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,ave_2,45_10.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – II’ presents current research
in this discipline, highlighting the crosstalk between the immune and nervous systems
(central or peripheral). The micrograph on the cover shows an optical section through
a
dorsal root ganglion (green) taken from an MHC-II I–Abβ-eGFP reporter mouse at steady
state. The neurons (red) are stained with anti-β3-tubulin antibody (AF568) and the
nuclei
(blue) with DAPI. The image was acquired using a laser-scanning confocal microscope
at 20x magnification, and digitally upscaled using Topaz Gigapixel AI software. Image
credit: Pavel Hanc and Ulrich von Andrian.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_3.txt,allv2,45_3.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_4.png,D,A novel approach of molasses valorization through ethyl levulinate formation mediated by a renewable salt taurine hydrogen sulfate is presented.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2021_12.txt,ave_2,2021_12.txt,"composed of lithium, sodium, or potassium iodide salts in suitable combination with ethylene glycol, glycerol, or polyethylene glycol have been developed as sustainable electrolytes for",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2020_23.txt,allv2,2020_23.txt,An alkaline roasting approach to repurposing graphite and lithium from spent anodes was proposed.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2022_34.txt,sbert,2022_34.txt,"The potassium sulfate process for refining spodumene concentrate to lithium chemicals produces high value byproducts, potash alum and leucite fertilizer, in contract to the conventional technology that yields low-value sodium sulfate and no-value hydrogen aluminosilicate.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,train
ACS Measurement Science Au,2022_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.png,B,"This cover highlights the 2024 Rising Stars in Measurement Science. These nineteen early-career scientists from across the globe are making significant contributions to the field of measurement science, in spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and separations.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,Seeing is not believing: The weak transient current signals of single-particle collisions we recorded are often distorted by amplifiers' filter and the noise. It seems like we “see” signals from the reflection in the water. The “ripples” and “waving shadow” mask our “believing” of the dynamic nature of individual entities.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_3.txt,groundtruth,2022_3.txt,"A prototype smartphone-based device for flow cytometry has been developed, and its operation is facilitated by the use of brightly photoluminescent supra-nanoparticle assemblies of colloidal quantum dots. Cells are immunolabeled with different colors of these assemblies to be classified and enumerated. Cover art by W. Russ Algar.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_6.txt,multiBv1,2022_6.txt,"Despite its global importance in controlling the world's carbon dioxide levels, there is a lot we do not know about calcite dissolution. By studying the dissolution reaction at the single particle scale, we reveal the process to be limited by the diffusion of ions away from the mineral interface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Measurement Science Au/2022_2.txt,ave_2,2022_2.txt,train
ACS Energy Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2025_1.png,D,"The H2O2 produced by a two-electron pathway from water oxidation has recently been the focus of redesigned PEC technologies, which will be significant and important for unassisted PEC systems that only use light, water, and oxygen to simultaneously produce electricity and high-value-added H2O2 by redox coupling of H2O.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_1.txt,allv2,2019_1.txt,"Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into various value-added chemicals is of great importance to the sustainable development of society. This Perspective highlights the recent applications of in situ infrared spectroscopy in deepening the understanding of the electrochemical interface in CO2 reduction reaction at the molecular level. Reaction intermediates and pathways, the role of electrolytes, and the catalysts' structural and compositional effects on the product selectivity in CO2 reduction reaction are summarized. It also discusses the opportunities and challenges facing this technique.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_10.txt,sbert,2019_10.txt,"During hydrogen oxidation reaction, the destabilization of dopants is particularly pronounced as hydrogen occupies surface sites and vacant interstitial sites. Consequently, hydrogen fuel itself promotes the microstructural degradation of electrocatalysts resulting in a decrease in the activities.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2023_5.txt,multiBv1,2023_5.txt,"The study investigates how substituted phosphonic acids influence the oxygen reduction reaction on Pt catalysts, revealing that, in addition to site blocking, these acids can also enhance reaction kinetics. These findings offer valuable insights for designing ionomer structures that optimize cathode reactions in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_1.png,A,"On pages 971–986, Jorfi, Tanzi, and colleagues discuss the role peripheral
immune cells play in contributing to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, and recent
approaches for studying neuroimmune interactions. The illustration depicts a human
brain where half includes forget-me-not flowers (symbols of AD) that are floating
away.
Therapeutically targeting peripheral immune cells might contribute to ameliorating
AD
and preserving memory. The artist wanted to suggest that the person facing the bright
light looks at a hopeful.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"Our special issue on “Microglia and Astrocytes” showcases the complex role of these
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the crosstalk between them
– as well as with other CNS and immune cells. The collection aims to improve our understanding
of the immune response in the CNS during homeostasis and disease, examining cases
of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The cover
illustration depicts microglia (left) and astrocyte (right) cells. Images – credit:
selvanegra/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_5.txt,sbert,41_5.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,ave_2,45_9.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,allv2,45_10.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_50,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_50.png,B,"Combined experimental and computational analyses (DFT and MD simulations) were carried out on model dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride/EG/MeCN together with LiI, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide, and I2 and TiO2 or Pt electrodes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_21.txt,multiBv1,2022_21.txt,electrochemical disc reactor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_50.txt,groundtruth,2024_50.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Akach et al., “Simulation of the Light Distribution in a Solar Photocatalytic Bubble Column Reactor Using the Monte Carlo Method” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02124); J. Lee et al., “Double-Tube Reactor Design and Process Optimization for On-Site Steam Methane Reforming Processes” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02875); and D. O. Abranches et al., “Solubility Enhancement of Hydrophobic Substances in Water/Cyrene Mixtures: A Computational Study (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03155).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_12.txt,ave_2,2020_12.txt,"The cover art shows the concept of a membrane reactor that can efficiently couple the decomposition of N2O with water splitting reactions and directly produce synthesis gas for ammonia production. N2O and water with an appropriate ratio are fed to one side (side I) of the membrane, while oxygen-consuming gas (hydrogen or low-grade hydrogen in this case) is fed to the other side (side II). At high temperatures, N2O and water decompose on the surface of the membrane to form N2, H2 (ASG), and oxygen ions. The oxygen ions then transport through the MIEC membrane by diffusion to side II, where they react with H2 to form water; meanwhile, electrons migrate from side II to side I to maintain the electric neutrality of the whole process. The oxygen-consuming gas in side II results in an extremely low oxygen partial pressure on side II, which drives the permeation of oxygen from side I to side II.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_45.txt,allv2,2021_45.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,22_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.png,C,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"Intestinal goblet cells, inspired by the Review on p785
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_1.txt,ave_2,19_1.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,groundtruth,22_1.txt,"Intestinal organ chips, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.txt,ave_3,21_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.png,C,"Inspired by the Review on p83.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_11.txt,ave_3,25_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p698.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_3.txt,allv2,25_3.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,groundtruth,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p295.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/24_8.txt,sbert,24_8.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_4.png,C,The use of traditional chemical tools together with the molecules and machinery of the cell have opened a new frontier in our ability to synthesize complex molecules and molecular systems with new properties.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_7.txt,allv2,2024_7.txt,"In this Account, we summarize the latest results from our laboratory on Ni-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes via selective reductive cyclization/cross-coupling. These findings mainly include our explorations in modulating the enantioselectivity and cyclization mode of reductive cyclization/cross-couplings. As shown in the cover picture, the ligand rather than the substrate structures precisely dictates the regioselectivity pattern.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_20.txt,sbert,2023_20.txt,"Late-stage halogenation has gained prominence for its role in diversifying and functionalizing complex molecules, including natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Recent strategies, characterized by mild conditions, accessible and stable catalysts, and broad functional group tolerance, provide streamlined approaches for the synthesis of halogenated drugs, natural products, and peptides.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,"Exploring the chemical space of molecular catalysts is a critical step toward the design of ligands with specific functionality and precisely tailored electronic and steric properties. The ability to calculate thermodynamics properties, such as acidities and hydricities, offers a systematic way of exploring and optimizing by computer the complex free energy landscape (colored mesh) of a catalytic system (see DOI: 10.1021/ar500342g). Cover design by Jonathan M. Darmon; layout by Jeff Ward.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2015_11.txt,multiBv1,2015_11.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.png,B,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Looking plants in the eye: triplex metabolic labeling using monolignol reporters and three bioorthogonal reactions allows the identification of zones that are actively producing lignin in plant cell walls. Allied to super-resolution fluorescence bioimaging techniques like Airyscan microscopy, this method allows the study of individual wall layers and substructures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.png,B,"On the cover: The importance of the microbiome continues to grow as connections between
our microbial colonizers and health become better defined. This Special Issue of Cell Host & Microbe provides a timely update on the microbiome from a clinical perspective with a collection
of reviews and primary papers that examine how microbial colonization can impact health
and disease. Reviews examine how the microbiome influences immune responses to vaccination
(169–179) and sorts the cause and effect relationship between microbial colonization,
aging (180–189), and early life respiratory infections (223–232); they also examine
the role of the intestinal microbiome in diseases of extra-intestinal organs (201–222;
233–244), the yin and yang of the skin microbiome (190–200), and the landscape of
the oral microbiome (160–168). Along with this review collection, new insights into
the microbiome and health are revealed with primary research articles that examine
bacterial influences on cholesterol metabolism and levels (245–257), intestinal microbiota
signatures of Type 2 Diabetes (258–272), high-fat diet influences on mitochondrial
bioenergetics (273–284), geriatric profiling of the urinary tract microbiome (298–305),
and breast milk microbiome influences on infant gut microbial composition (285–297).
The cover image depicts a breastfeeding mother-infant dyad, with “Tree of Life” imagery
to highlight the sharing of microbes between them. Image credit: Marshall Beck.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/28_5.txt,ave_2,28_5.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhou et al. explore the complex interactions between human microbiomes and their hosts across
different body sites, revealing that microbiome stability and its impact on health
are influenced by site-specific host factors. Their findings underscore the systemic
nature of host-microbiome relationships, with significant implications for understanding
metabolic diseases. Cover design by artist Lettie McGuire.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_9.txt,groundtruth,32_9.txt,"On the cover: This special issue features Reviews, Minireviews, and Commentaries that
highlight various aspects of endogenous microbes, including bacteria and viruses,
and how they influence host health and disease. The cover image is designed to capture
the idea that microbiota represent a major hub whose activities affect both host health,
exemplified by immunity and metabolism, and disease, illustrated as cancer and inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). Please turn to the editorial on pp. 285–286 for details.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/10_3.txt,sbert,10_3.txt,"On the cover: This special issue of Cell Host & Microbe presents a collection of articles highlighting the role of the microbiome in systemic
disease. This collection covers recent scientific advances and perspectives for future
research, including commentaries from Sartor discussing personalized treatment for
microbiome-associated diseases, Blaak and colleagues examining how gas measurements
may be used as a measurement of host health, and Gerber discussing the potential of
AI in microbiome research. Also in this issue, Boleij and colleagues consider the
role of the microbiome in cancer, Fernandez-Real and colleagues reflect on the communication
between gut microbes and the CNS, while Garza and colleagues examine the interactions
between microbiota and skin cells and Nieuwdorp and colleagues review the role of
the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Further, a series of primary
research articles present new research into the systemic reach of the microbiome in
diseases and responses to therapeutic interventions. The cover image by Shen et al. draws on the Chinese theory of yin-yang harmony in which seven nutrients, including
dietary fiber, coordinate with each other to maintain the balance of the microbiota
in the human gut. A diverse diet works together to maintain health through the gut
microbiome, thereby illustrating an example of systemic coordination between the microbiome
and host behavior in health and disease.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_5.txt,allv2,32_5.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_12.png,D,New fluorescent NAD(P)H probe allows visualization of gradients of metabolic activity in tumor spheroids in live cell imaging. Artwork created by James Jenkins and Ruslan I. Dmitriev.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_7.txt,ave_3,2016_7.txt,"The remote detection of circulating tumor cells, which are responsible for metastasis in several forms of cancer, represents an important goal in oncological diagnosis and treatment. All-in fiber plasmonic sensors featuring multiple narrowband resonances in the near-infrared wavelength range can lead to the detection of few cells in small volumes. The implementation of gold nanoparticles can also lead to a nanoplasmonic amplification of the signal, lowering the limit of detection up to 10 cancer cells/mL. Artwork by",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2020_11.txt,sbert,2020_11.txt,"Endocytosis is a critical cellular process involved in signaling, immunity, and infection and has implications for drug delivery. Here, we have developed a fluorescent sensor that quantifies how much material has been taken up into the cell. The signal from a protein bound to its receptor on the surface of the cell is quenched through a rapid, bioorthogonal TCO-tetrazine ligation, while the endocytosed material remains unaffected. Artwork created by Dr. Laura Selby.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2018_7.txt,allv2,2018_7.txt,"A novel Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-based fluorescent sensor for imaging the spatial organization of HER2 receptors on the membrane of HER2 overexpressing cancer cells. When the receptors are clustered, the molecules undergo a reversible “turn-on” process. The clusters are disrupted upon exposure to an immunotherapy (Trastuzumab), reducing the emission.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,val
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_3.png,D,"Kidney-targeted nanomedicines, inspired by the Review on p354.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_7.txt,allv2,20_7.txt,"COVER: Unconventional T cells, inspired by the Review on p795.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_1.txt,ave_3,17_1.txt,"Drug repurposing, inspired by the Review on p707.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.txt,sbert,20_2.txt,"Podocyte-targeted therapies, inspired by the Review on p643.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,train
Macromolecules,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_8.png,B,"The structure evolution of an isotactic poly(1-butene) regular single crystal during the II‒I phase transition was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron diffraction techniques. While electron diffraction reveals the transition from tetragonal form II to untwinned hexagonal form I, the AFM illustrates the morphology of converted form I crystal entities. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2022_7.txt,ave_1,2022_7.txt,"Isotactic polybutene-1 possesses superior mechanical properties, but exhibits a peculiar amorphous phase dragged to a slow crystalline phase transition after melt processing. A surprising fast transition is observed in full deuterated polybutene-1, attributing to the much lower vibrational entropy in the D polymer, resulting in a much reduced energy barrier for the transition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,Polyacetals spaced by long ethylene sequences develop two major layered crystalline polymorphs: a kinetically favored phase (form I) with a low energy barrier and form II with a much higher energy barrier that develops in a higher temperature range. In the narrow range where both forms overlap (< 1 °C) the competition in nucleation and growth at the boundary between both forms is so strong that crystallization is basically suppressed. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2020_7.txt,multiBv1,2020_7.txt,Depolymerization of polybutadiene by olefin metathesis conducted in situ within self-assembled aggregates of poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) induces rapid and controllable reorganization into morphologies of increasing interfacial curvature. View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2018_8.txt,allv2,2018_8.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_18.png,A,A magnetostructural study has been conducted on two new magnetic 1D coordination polymers with zigzag topology. The front view of the chains resembles an Andean condor,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,"A new ethylenediamine-derived ligand H4L1 was prepared and used to generate two isomeric copper(II) coordination polymer materials  1 and 2. Both networks possess identical coordination environments with the exception of the trans-(R,R)/(S,S) (1) or cis-(R,S) (2) conformations of the amine backbone. The hydrogen bonding modes favored by each conformer define either a close-packed network (1) or a porous architecture (2) (Cryst. Growth Des. 2015, 15, 3417–3425).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_6.txt,ave_3,2015_6.txt,"The cover art illustrates the structure of a mononuclear rare earth complex featuring a crowded coordination sphere around the metal ion, which is ligated by two guanidinate moieties and one tetraphenylborate anion, where DFT calculations support a η6-binding mode. The Dy congener is a rare single-molecule magnet containing guanidinate ligands.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2023_8.txt,ave_2,2023_8.txt,"The new 3D coordination polymer, as a result of the connection between the 2D extension of hexanuclear iron(II) motifs, which gives rise to a metamagnetic behavior, and the hysteresis loop with a high coercive field.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_16.txt,allv2,2024_16.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.png,A,"In this Review, Cheryan et al. discuss four factors that might explain women’s underrepresentation in some STEM fields and interventions that might help reduce these disparities.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"Individuals who are transgender or nonbinary experience a higher prevalence of certain mental health concerns. In this Review, Tebbe and Budge discuss these disparities along with factors that protect these individuals from negative outcomes and promote well-being.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_1.txt,sbert,1_1.txt,"In this Review, Gagné et al. describe how self-determination theory can help researchers and practitioners shape the future of work to ensure it meets workers’ psychological needs.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_6.txt,ave_2,1_6.txt,"In this Review, Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues consider how systemic factors contribute to individual-level racial biases and vice versa.Skinner-Dorkenoo and colleagues
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_6.txt,allv2,2_6.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,22_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.png,D,"Intestinal organ chips, inspired by the Review on p751.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_2.txt,ave_3,21_2.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_1.txt,allv2,22_1.txt,"Intestinal goblet cells, inspired by the Review on p785
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_1.txt,ave_2,19_1.txt,"Diet and intestinal stem cells, inspired by the Review on p23
Cover design: Neil Smith",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/22_2.txt,groundtruth,22_2.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_31,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_31.png,C,"One-shot double, triple, and quadruple borylation reactions of triarylamines are developed, which enable selective and large-scale syntheses of BN-doped nanographenes. The nanographenes exhibit pure-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescences and show excellent performance as organic light-emitting diode emitter. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_48.txt,allv2,2018_48.txt,"The efficient photoexcited energy and luminescent anisotropy transfer is realized in polymorphic π-conjugated platinum nanocrystals, in which the energy of the donor is transferred and amplified to the acceptor in a polarized form. See Zhong and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 6157. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2019_35.txt,ave_2,2019_35.txt,"The strikingly different photosensitization mechanisms of two nanohybrids based on CsPbBr3 nanocrystals functionalized with two BODIPY dyes have been thoroughly investigated by using a battery of spectroscopic techniques combined with theoretical calculations, which together provide a whole vision of the nanohybrid to be used in light-driven applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_31.txt,groundtruth,2024_31.txt,"The cover is composed of scanning electron microscopy images of colloidal semiconducting organic nanocrystals. These size and shape controlled nanocrystals enable transformation of commercial organic colorants into solution-processed semiconductor devices, exhibiting promising characteristics even when fabricated by technologies as simple as paint brushing. See Heiss and co-workers, p 16522.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2014_6.txt,ave_3,2014_6.txt,val
Nature Cancer,5_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_7.png,C,"Targeting the tumor–brain interface in glioblastoma
A designer peptide disrupts the interaction between EAG2 and Kvβ2, which are expressed at the tumor–brain interface and form a potassium channel; this disruption of their interaction reduces tumor growth in glioblastoma.
See Dong et al.
Image: Li Chen, Weifan Dong, Siqi Ou. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_3.txt,sbert,4_3.txt,"Advancing Cancer Therapy
In this issue, we are launching a Series on Cancer Therapy comprising commissioned Reviews and Perspectives that highlight emerging concepts, recent advances and the challenges ahead in cancer therapy, and a selection of primary research articles on this topic published in Nature Cancer.
See our March Editorial, as well as the Review articles by Esposito et al. and by Mukhopadhyay et al.
Image: Alamy. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_10.txt,allv2,2_10.txt,"Targeting tumor vascularization
De Palma and Hanahan outline the latest advances in understanding tumor angiogenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting tumor vascularization.
See De Palma and Hanahan
Image: Mohammed Elamine ALIOUI / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_7.txt,groundtruth,5_7.txt,"Understanding the complexities of cancer
Our inaugural issue highlights the complexities of cancer, featuring articles on cancer evolution, heterogeneity and population-specific disparities, identifying cancer drivers and the origins of metastasis-initiating cells. Highlighting diverse aspects of immunotherapy are studies on sensitizing tumors to immune-checkpoint blockade, improving predictors of response and devising therapeutic trispecific antibodies.
See Editorial
Image: concept by Lucia Morgado-Palacin. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_12.txt,ave_3,1_12.txt,train
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2017_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.png,B,"X-ray crystal structure of the carboplatin-loaded ferritin nanocage (PDB code 5MIJ). Pt centers coordinate to His49 and His132, on the inner surface of the Ft nanocage. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00025.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_9.txt,ave_3,2017_9.txt,"Mixed aryl acyloxy prodrugs readily cross the cell membrane, release a charged phosphonate ligand that binds to the intracellular domain of BTN3A1, and efficiently stimulate gd T cell proliferation. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00245. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2017_4.txt,groundtruth,2017_4.txt,"PROTACs: a matter of vector. Two PROTACs based on the same BAZ2A/BAZ2B bromodomain ligand and linker differ only by attachment point to the VHL ligand. Albeit subtle, this difference is crucial: dBAZ2 (blue) degrades both BAZ2A and BAZ2B, while dBAZ2B (orange) is a BAZ2B-selective degrader.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_1.txt,sbert,2025_1.txt,Preventing the release of the fusion peptide is a challenging approach to target influenza A virus hemagglutinin. This study explores the putative binding site of the pinanamine-containing compound M090. Computational tools were used to examine the feasibility of the binding mode and the structure–activity relationships. The results open clues for the design of future small-molecule inhibitors targeting hemagglutinin.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.png,A,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,groundtruth,56_7.txt,"Brassica oleracea pan-genome
De novo genome assemblies of 22 Brassica oleracea accessions and pan-genome analyses highlight the effects of structural variation on gene expression and its contribution to morphotype diversification.
See Li et al.
Image: Chang Keyong, professional photographer, Beijing, China. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.txt,sbert,56_10.txt,"Banana genome evolution
Genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel bananas reveal the origins, disease resistance and fruit-ripening mechanisms of the banana cultivars.
See Li et al.
Image: Aleksandr Zubkov/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_12.txt,multiBv1,56_12.txt,"Papaya genomes
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) originated and was domesticated in Central America. Transgenic papaya resistant to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) saved the Hawaiian papaya industry from collapse and is a widely publicized success story of genetically modified crops. Comparative genomic analysis of transgenic SunUp and non-transgenic progenitor Sunset revealed a single complex 1.64-Mb insertion that contains all three transgenic fragments, including the functional PRSV coat protein gene (cp) that confers resistance to the virus.
See Yue et al.
Image: Eric Mora Newcomer, Universidad de Costa Rica. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_8.txt,allv2,54_8.txt,val
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.png,B,"This Account highlights the recent emerging synthesis advances of “2D holey” or “3D porous” graphene and scalable wet-spinning process to fabricate macroscopically assembled 1D fibrous electrodes using holey or porous graphene-based fibers as illustrated in the artwork by “Han Research Group” from Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_8.txt,allv2,2023_8.txt,"High-quality semiconductor fibers were developed by a thermal drawing technique with selected pairs of semiconductor materials and synthetic materials, including silicon and germanium, glassy semiconductors, and two-dimensional semiconductors. The semiconductor fibers may find multiple applications in the field of wearable electronics, such as on-cloth sensors and wearable energy harvesting and storage devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"We create diverse topological supramolecular polymers by controlling the curvature generation during stacking of hydrogen-bonded rosettes. The resulting curved supramolecular polymer fibers show a definite energy landscape, as shown in the image, and also promising dynamic behavior arising from the curvature. These unprecedented features enable nano-engineering of fibers toward mesoscale materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_11.txt,sbert,2022_11.txt,"Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have led to considerable progress in various fields, but there still are some remaining challenges concerning fundamental charge transport mechanisms and applications. The microstructured ultrathin organic semiconductor films (MUOSFs) via the dip-coating technique provides an ideal platform by bridging the materials, assembly, and applications of organic semiconductors with monolayer precision. Image credit: Ming Liu. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2020_1.txt,ave_3,2020_1.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_94,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_94.png,D,ONLINE COVER Boosting Locally Buffs Up Vaccine-Induced Immunity. This month’s cover shows an immunofluorescence image of a germinal center in a mouse lymph node 5 weeks after a priming immunization with influenza hemagglutinin. Primed B cells fate-mapped for AID expression (green) are present in the central area of a follicle of IgD-expressing B cells (red) near CD21/35-expressing follicular dendritic cells (blue). Kuraoka et al. observed more fate-mapped memory B cells in lymph node germinal centers when booster immunizations were given at the same tissue site as the original immunization rather than on the opposite side. Credit: Masayuki Kuraoka and Ryutaro Kotaki/Duke University,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_71.txt,multiBv1,7_71.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Boosting Viral Vector Vaccines. Adenoviruses (shown) can be used as viral vectors to deliver vaccines, but the immune response to these vectors may be partially exhausted. Larocca et al. now report the mechanism behind this exhaustion. [CREDIT: JAMES CAVALLINI/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/1_5.txt,sbert,1_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER How Measles Virus Erases Immune Memories. This month's cover features an archival photo of a boy receiving a measles vaccine in 1962. Measles virus infection is followed by an extended period of immunosuppression, but how this ""immune amnesia"" comes about has been poorly understood. A school-associated measles outbreak enabled Petrova et al. to sequence immunoglobulin genes from B cells in pre- and post-infection blood samples and assess how viral infection affected the clonal organization of naïve and memory B cell subsets. A Focus commentary by Wesemann discusses the findings of Petrova et al. and the complementary findings described in a companion manuscript (Mina et al.) published in Science. [CREDIT: CDC PUBLIC HEALTH IMAGE LIBRARY]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_41.txt,allv2,4_41.txt,"ONLINE COVER Cultivating Memory B Cell Responses to a Plant-Based Vaccine. CoVLP (coronavirus virus-like particle) is a promising COVID-19 vaccine produced in the weed Nicotiana benthamiana. A squalene-based adjuvant, AS03, can enhance immune responses to CoVLP vaccination, but how AS03 affects memory B cell responses to CoVLP is unknown. Grigoryan et al. studied immune responses in healthy individuals who received two doses of CoVLP with or without AS03. They found that AS03 promoted the progressive maturation of memory B cell responses over time, leading to enhanced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and increased memory B cell breadth. This month’s cover illustration depicts a syringe containing a plant-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Credit: N. Jessup/Science Immunology (syringe: C. Horz/Alamy Stock Vector)",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_94.txt,groundtruth,9_94.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_11.png,B,"This study demonstrates functionalization of nanowires with aptamers to construct a biosensor for the detection of inflammatory cytokines – small proteins typically secreted by the immune cells. A nanowire aptasensor developed here showed enhanced sensitivity for interferon gamma – a cytokine produced by T-cells that serves as a biomarker for tuberculosis. In the future, nanowire aptasensors described here may be employed for sensitive and rapid detection of biomarkers in blood or other biological fluids. Cover image from Alexander Revzin.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2017_2.txt,allv2,2017_2.txt,"Visualization of a flow sensor mounted on a guidewire for blood flow measurement in coronary arteries [sensor on wire (SoW)], fabricated through laser sintering of metal nanoparticles: The sensor derives the coronary flow waveform corresponding to the heartbeat.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,A novel flexible paper-based gas sensor integrated with a Ti3C2Tx-MXene non-metallic electrode and Ti3C2Tx/WS2 gas sensing film,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2023_12.txt,sbert,2023_12.txt,Point-of-care blood coagulation assay plays a significant role in medical care. A microfluidic device is developed in this work to gauge the coagulation function by dynamically monitoring the viscosity of the blood sample during clotting with low instrument cost and easy operation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2022_5.txt,multiBv1,2022_5.txt,train
Environment & Health,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Environment & Health/2024_5.png,D,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_1.txt,allv2,2025_1.txt,"This image shows that two routes (IVI and INI) of silica nanoparticle exposure resulted in different outcomes of brain damage. The Baidu Wenxin Yige platform was used to improve the cover image, drawn using SAI software.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,The use of ibuprofen could mitigate the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2025_2.txt,ave_2,2025_2.txt,"The composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is intricate, and its various components have diverse effects on human health. Delving into the impact of PM2.5 components from different sources on cardiopulmonary health contributes to safeguarding public health.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Environment & Health/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_6.png,B,"This paper presents different machine learning algorithms used to predict the production and characteristics of aligned electrospun nanofibers fabricated by the air gap electrospinning method. Classification and regression models are developed using logistic regression, random forest, artificial neural networks, and convolutional neural networks.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_30.txt,multiBv1,2024_30.txt,A novel machine learning framework that combines synthetic data generation by the CrystGAN model and an artificial neural network to predict the particle size distribution and yield in crystallization processes significantly reduces experimental effort and enables efficient data-driven process optimization. This cover art was generated with the help of OpenAI in ChatGPT and further edited by the authors.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"A review of applications of machine learning algorithms in Process Systems Engineering featuring a didactic approach and a critical analysis is presented. Recent applications for process control and optimization of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning algorithms are addressed, emphasizing opportunity areas for data science development.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_27.txt,sbert,2022_27.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M. Jin et al., “Coproduction of Value-Added Lube Base Oil and Green Diesel from Natural Triglycerides via a Simple Two-Step Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01143); M. Li et al., “Influential Role of Elemental Migration in a Composite Iron−Zeolite Catalyst for the Synthesis of Aromatics from Syngas” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01282); A. S. C. Rego and A. L. T. Brandao, “General Method for Speeding Up Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01069); and Y. Zhu et al., “CoGa Particles Stabilized by the Combination of Alloyed Ga0 and Lattice GaIII Species” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00954).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_33.txt,allv2,2020_33.txt,val
Nature Climate Change,14_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_1.png,C,"Human fingerprint in regional drying
The large-scale mechanisms causing regional drying are not well understood. Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Celine Bonfils et al. demonstrate through models and observational data that human-caused changes in greenhouse gases and aerosols have led to detectable global and hemispheric signals in the combined behaviour of precipitation, temperature and aridity since the 1950s.
See Bonfils et al.
Image: Céline Bonfils, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/10_5.txt,sbert,10_5.txt,"Water in a changing climate
Climate change is felt poignantly through its impacts on water resources. Changing precipitation patterns can cause flooding and drought, which impair access to water across sectors, including agriculture and household use. In this issue, we highlight opinion and news pieces related to managing water resources under current and future climate change.
See Editorial
Image: These are my photos./Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/12_11.txt,multiBv1,12_11.txt,"Frogs in a drying world
The risk of drying to animal species remains an understudied element of climate change, which is particularly important for water-sensitive groups such as anurans (frogs and toads). Writing in this issue of Nature Climate Change, Wu and colleagues map the global impacts of warming on anurans, demonstrating how drought will amplify the negative impacts of warming on anurans.
See Wu et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Jasmine Vink. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/14_1.txt,groundtruth,14_1.txt,"Intensified drought and heatwaves
Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns lead to heat waves and droughts occurring with greater frequency and intensity. This issue includes a collection of original research documenting how droughts and heatwaves, as well as their impacts on both natural and human systems, may change with anthropogenic warming.
See Editorial
Image: Ken Welsh / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Climate Change/8_8.txt,allv2,8_8.txt,test
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.png,B,"This month we are celebrating Cell’s 50th anniversary by focusing on
the exciting metabolic research that Cell Press publishes across its titles. This
month’s
covers of Cell Metabolism, Cell and Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, when put side-by-side, form a single image, reflective of the variety of topics
on metabolic
research that you will find across the three journals and the connections between
them.
Our cover reflects some of the contents of this issue, spanning from chronotherapy
in cardiovascular care (Festus et al, pp 607–623) to beta cell senescence in type 1
and type 2 diabetes (Morelli et al, pp 576–585), to fetal outcomes in maternal obesity
(Zhang et al, 638–647) and more. Artwork credit: Sonhita Chakraborty",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_6.txt,allv2,35_6.txt,"From the need for better preclinical models of disease to the use of new
technologies that can recapitulate the complexity of living systems, our approach
in
studying metabolic diseases is constantly being refined. This month, we focus on the
issue of modeling metabolism: our authors reflect on novel methodological approaches
in the study of endocrine and metabolic disorders and provide new frameworks to
address some of the current questions in diabetes, obesity, liver disease, cancer
metabolism and host-microbiome homeostasis. Our cover depicts this variety of
perspectives as building blocks of different colors and sizes that together contribute
a more comprehensive model of metabolism. Artwork credit: modified from Jobalou/
Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_7.txt,groundtruth,35_7.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_2.txt,ave_2,26_2.txt,"This Special Issue of Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism focuses on novel systems approaches for studying metabolic alterations in a high-throughput
scale. Leading experts review recent technological advances including analytical lipidomics
and the emerging area of in vivo lipid imaging, the genomics of voluntary exercise, cardiovascular disease and pediatric
obesity, new concepts in transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics, including new data
linking the microRNA interactome, RNA bindings proteins and the microbiome to metabolic
diseases. Cover mage is from iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/26_1.txt,multiBv1,26_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_14.png,C,"On the cover: Mechanobiology involves the integration of mechanics, represented by
gray gears, and cellular structures such as the cytoskeleton, represented by yellow,
magenta, and blue fibers. For an example of this integration during the process of
durotaxis, see the review in this issue by Shellard and Mayor (pp. 227–239). Cover
image created by Roberto Mayor.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_23.txt,sbert,56_23.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts “Auto-Pack” (Autophagosome-Packman, in yellow) engulfing
misfolded proteins (in red) from the labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through
a process known as ER-phagy (autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum). To learn more
about how ER-phagy is activated in response to protein misfolding, see De Leonibus et al. Image credit: Gennaro Di Bonito, Marianna Maddaluno, and Chiara De Leonibus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_9.txt,multiBv1,59_9.txt,"On the cover: The image illustrates the idea of light-induced mechanical forces applied
to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. The robotic hands, glowing with shimmering
blue light, symbolize the optogenetic mechanostimulator. Upon light illumination,
the hands pull and thus stretch the ER. To learn more about the molecular details
of the ER-specific optogenetic mechanostimulator and insights into ER mechanosensitivity,
see Song et al. Image credit: Liting Duan and Qianjing Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_14.txt,groundtruth,59_14.txt,"On the cover: The image is a play on the idea that the BBSome is performing different
“jobs” in different parts of the cell. Within the cilia, the workers (representing
the BBSome) are focused on structural and transport-type jobs. Within the cell, however,
the workers are tending to the lightbulb, representing the LITE-1 photoreceptor and
light sensation. To learn more about the cilia-independent function of the BBSome,
see Zhang et al., 1545–1557. Image credit: Rajani Arora.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_13.txt,allv2,57_13.txt,train
Nature Reviews Physics,6_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_3.png,B,"The cover of this issue refers to the new collection `Physics as a Human Endeavour’. See Editorial
Cover design: Susanne Harris.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_8.txt,ave_3,6_8.txt,"The cover of this issue is based on the CERN accelerator complex. See the Editorial.
Image: S.Harris/Springer Nature Limited.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/6_3.txt,groundtruth,6_3.txt,"The cover of this issue shows the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. In a Focus on future particle accelerators we explore the proposed projects and underlying technologies that would make the next big particle collider possible. See Editorial
Image: The Large Hadron Collider, CERN.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/1_9.txt,allv2,1_9.txt,"The cover of this issue is inspired by Feynman diagrams contributing to the production of the Higgs boson. See Bass et al.
Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Physics/3_4.txt,ave_2,3_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_6.png,B,"Gut permeability, inspired by the Review on p417.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_6.txt,sbert,20_6.txt,"The expanding repertoire of bile acids, inspired by the Perspective on p493
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,"Future of the gut microbiome, inspired by the Viewpoint on p830
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,"Pride in gastroenterology and hepatology, inspired by the Review on p377.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_7.txt,ave_2,21_7.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_2.png,A,"On pages 851–860, Murre and colleagues discuss how chromatin loop
extrusion and phase separation programs shape nuclear architecture, thus driving
mammalian polymorphonuclear cell fate decisions. The micrograph shows a blood
vessel in the human gallbladder that is filled with neutrophils. Magnification: 250X.
Image
credit: Ed Reschke/GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,"Our special issue on “Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity” updates current knowledge
and offers pointed examples of experimental models and molecular details from different
subfi elds of molecular immunology, including evolution, epigenetics, gene expression
and signaling, lymphocyte differentiation and function, technologies, and disease.
This timely issue gathers discussions that unveil key research avenues. The cover
illustration depicts chromatin “readers” in immunity. Cover art credit: Tahnee L.
Saunders and Isabella Fraschilla, created with biorender.com. Cover design: Catarina
Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_7.txt,allv2,41_7.txt,"Through phagocytosis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, neutrophils offer
innate protection in infected or injured tissues. These powerful cells can also modulate
subsequent adaptive responses. Thus, neutrophil activity must be tightly controlled
to prevent damage to host. On pages 117–124, Cassatella and colleagues describe recent
advances in understanding of neutrophil survival. Emerging evidence suggests that
several cell cycle regulators, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, function
in cell survival pathways in neutrophils. Cover illustration courtesy of Monisokha
Ly, France.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/32_11.txt,multiBv1,32_11.txt,"Our special issue on “New Advances in Neutrophil Immunity” updates our current knowledge
of the experimental models and molecular details of neutrophil granulopoiesis, heterogeneity,
and life cycles in health and disease. The articles in this issue explore tissue-specifi
c roles of neutrophils and their mediators at steady state, as well as during infection,
infl ammation, wound healing, and cancer. Metabolic and circadian regulation of neutrophil
functions is also reviewed. This timely collection brings together discussions to
uncover key research avenues. Cover illustration of a neutrophil: istock/Dr_Microbe.
Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/40_7.txt,sbert,40_7.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_11.png,C,"The ageing world, inspired by the Focus starting on p557.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.txt,sbert,20_4.txt,"Pride in nephrology, inspired by the Comment articles starting on p353.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_7.txt,ave_3,19_7.txt,"Revisiting the year’s highlights, inspired by the Year-in-Review articles starting on p71.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Strides forward, inspired by the Year in Review articles starting on p75.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_11.txt,allv2,19_11.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.png,B,"In the presence of phospholipid vesicles, amphipathic copolymers of styrene and maleic acid are able to self-assemble to form nanodiscs containing a segment of phospholipid bilayer stabilized in aqueous solution by a polymer belt. By modifying the structure of the polymers, properties of the resulting nanodiscs can be altered, which has important implications for the application of these polymers for the solubilization of membrane-associated biological targets. Image courtesy of Stephen C. L. Hall and Thomas Arnold. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_10.txt,sbert,2018_10.txt,"The hierarchical evolution of the development of one-component multifunctional sequence-defined ionizable amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (IAJDs) co-assembling with mRNA into dendrimersome nanoparticles (DNPs) targeting in vivo delivery to various organs is illustrated. This process started with the discovery of the self-assembly of helical rodlike and spherical helices virus-like supramolecular assemblies self-organizing periodic and quasiperiodic arrays including Frank–Kasper and quasicrystals and biological membrane mimics, and continued with elucidation of mechanisms, to unravel a one-component viral-like programmed synthetic vector for nanomedicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) techniques have emerged as two powerful self-assembly techniques to produce a broad range of advanced synthetic nano-objects with different morphologies and a high solids content. In this Review, the authors cover the design, the synthesis, and the evaluation of nano-objects obtained by PISA and CDSA, suitable for biomedical applications in terms of (bio)degradability and biocompatibility. The cover illustrates the different morphologies that can be obtained by PISA and CDSA in the context of biomedical applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_5.txt,allv2,2022_5.txt,Tailor-made conjugated polymer nanoparticles formulated using poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and its derivatives serve as ideal bioimaging probes owing to their excellent optical properties. The nanoparticles were in vitro tested as potential fluorescent nanoprobes for studying cell populations within the central nervous system. Image courtesy of Martijn Peters and Anitha Ethirajan.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2016_5.txt,multiBv1,2016_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.png,A,"Nanoparticles can be systemically injected into the body for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Active transport mechanisms may enable nanoparticles to enter the tumour through active endothelial transport processes, retain in the tumour owing to interactions with tumour components, and exit the tumour through lymphatic vessels. See Luan N.M. Nguyen et al.
Cover image: Matthew Nguyen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_10.txt,groundtruth,2_10.txt,"Intraoperative fluorescent imaging enables real-time visualization of tumours and nearby healthy tissues, allowing high-precision tumour resection in oncological surgery. See Kun Wang et al.
Cover image: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_10.txt,ave_3,1_10.txt,"Viruses and virus-like particles can be repurposed as tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy to elicit anti-tumour immunity and induce systemic anti-tumour responses at distant non-injected sites. See Anthony O. Omole et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Biomaterials can be engineered to allow their minimally-invasive delivery by injection. Such injectable biomaterials face distinct design considerations, taking into account means of injection, geometry of the injection device, injection target, duration and force, and viscosity of the material. See Michael Nguyen et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,train
The Journal of Organic Chemistry,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_6.png,D,"The cover art illustrates the radical-cation Diels–Alder reaction of halogenostyrenes with dienes in the presence of a moderately oxidizing thioxanthylium organophotoredox catalyst. The reaction provides the synthetically useful halocyclohexenes under irradiation with green light, which is highlighted by the cover picture.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_20.txt,ave_3,2022_20.txt,"Advances in industrial organic synthesis are essential for the successful commercialization of novel, efficient, and reliable chemical processes. Through application of new technologies and collaboration across disciplines, as noted on the cover of this joint Special Issue from JOC and OPR&D, organic chemists are accelerating the conversion of molecules to many useful products that improve human health and quality of life.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2022_21.txt,multiBv1,2022_21.txt,"With prosperous development over the past decade, visible-light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for organic chemistry. This approach offers the advantage of activating and transforming organic substrates with broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. With this latest JOC Special Issue, the Editorial Team is pleased to showcase the latest research trends in photocatalysis. The cover was designed by Associate Editor Géraldine Masson and Guest Editors Munetaka Akita, Paola Ceroni, and Corey Stephenson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2023_15.txt,allv2,2023_15.txt,"In an industrial setting, toluene oxidation products such as benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, and benzoate esters are crucial fine chemicals. Chemists are dedicated to preparing high-value chemical materials through green and simple oxidation technologies. This cover illustrates an aryl-halides-initiated photocatalytic strategy for the green and selective oxidation of toluene.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Organic Chemistry/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,val
NATURE MEDICINE,30_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.png,C,"Temperatures that deviate from long-term local norms affect human health and are projected to become more frequent as the global climate changes. In this issue, Parks et al. report an association between anomalously warm temperatures and deaths from intentional and unintentional injuries, with increases in deaths from drownings, transport, assault and suicide. The cover art is an illustrated portrayal of the association between rising temperatures and increased injury mortality, and how big data has made such insights possible.
See Parks et al.
Image credit: Amy Kate Wolfe. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/26_12.txt,multiBv1,26_12.txt,"Focus on Building Healthy Populations
There has been tremendous improvement in human health over the past century, but new threats and growing inequalities have emerged. This Focus issue presents a variety of news, opinions, reviews and original research studies on critical areas and challenges that must be addressed in order to build healthy communities, with special consideration given to the unique needs of younger and older people. The cover depicts planet Earth as a puzzle in progress, with the pieces representing diverse global populations.
Image: aelitta / DigitalVision Vectors / Getty. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/29_6.txt,ave_3,29_6.txt,"Ozone and health
In this issue, Achebak et al. quantify the contributions of both national ozone and imported ozone to the ozone-related mortality burden in 35 European countries, showing that most deaths are attributable to imported ozone. The cover highlights the link between high ozone levels and adverse respiratory health outcomes, and depicts examples of primary ozone sources and transboundary transported ozone.
See Achebak et al.
Image: Mario Ejarque and Albert López, Barcelona Supercomputing Center. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_7.txt,groundtruth,30_7.txt,"Heatwave mortality
In this issue, Xi et al. use data from a cohort of Chinese adults 65 years of age and older to show that variables related to functional aging are more predictive of increased heat-related mortality risk than is age alone. The cover highlights both the rise in global temperatures, via the color transition, and the importance of identifying those populations most vulnerable to climate change in order to inform targeted adaptation strategies.
See Xi et al.
Image: Yan Dong, Lanxi Xiao, Qiong Wu and Xiuge Zhang, Tsinghua University; at-large designers, Xuezhen Jin and Dezun Ji. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MEDICINE/30_8.txt,allv2,30_8.txt,train
Matter,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_3.png,C,"On the cover: Sudhakar et al. (p. 2834) and Badr et al. (p. 2853) report on the synthesis
and photocatalytic hydrogen production of lepidocrocite, titania-based one-dimensional
(1D) nanofilaments. The micrograph shows the filamentous nature and one-dimensionality
of the underlying titania nanofilaments. The sample was produced by injecting an aqueous
colloidal suspension of 1D titania into an organic solvent. Dr. G. Schwenk of Drexel
University obtained the SEM micrograph. The micrograph was colorized and aesthetically
enhanced by Patricia Lyons of Moorestown, NJ.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_4.txt,allv2,6_4.txt,"On the cover: When a transparent film is thin enough, light will be reflected on its
top and bottom surfaces and interference will occur, resulting in structural colors.
This month's cover shows self-standing structurally colored films that can be tailored
into various shapes. As reported by Shi et al. (p. 2813–2828), the transparent and
flexible films are fabricated by filtrating sustainable hydrophilic nanocellulose
through a porous hydrophobic membrane, followed by natural drying. They exhibit iridescence
owing to thin-film interference and reversibly change color in seconds when exposed
to various external stimuli.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/5_4.txt,ave_3,5_4.txt,"On the cover: Morphology of the one-dimensional titania-based material when its aqueous
colloidal suspension is mixed with a water-miscible organic solvent. The one-dimensional
nature of the material is manifest here, as described in the work of Li and colleagues. Such tunable liquid crystalline phases could open new opportunities to realize 1DL
in multiple applications. Scanning electron microscope micrograph taken by G. Schwenk
and artistically rendered by Patricia Lyons of Moorestown NJ.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,"On the cover: Sometimes in science, seeing is believing. The cover of this month’s
issue of Matter are micrographs of 1D anatase-like materials, or 1DA (see Barsoum and colleagues,
pp. 128–141), with each dot representing a Ti atom. Chemical predictions combined
led to promising initial results, but questions remained regarding the specific chemical
structure, surface states, and the interplay between chemical features key for the
resulting electronic properties. The images clearly indicated the structure, thereby
crystalizing the nature of 1DA and laying the groundwork for future application.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_12.txt,ave_2,6_12.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_6.png,D,The cover illustration depicts optically-controlled hybridization stringency using light. Fluorescently labeled DNA targets dehybridize from azobenzene-modified capture strands at lower UV photon doses when mismatched base pairs are near the azobenzene site.  Differences in photo-induced dehybridization rates from only a single-base mismatch can be detected using a conventional fluorescence scanner. Image created by Yeechi Chen and Soumyadyuti Samai.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2016_8.txt,ave_3,2016_8.txt,"The cover illustrates “sample-to-answer” detection on a centrifugal microfluidic platform.  The target analyte (blue) is extracted from the sample matrix (yellow) and enriched in the detection chamber. On the lab-on-a-disc platform we combined sample pre-treatment (extraction and enrichment) with in situ electrochemical detection. The detection step is illustrated with a gold electrode array. The platform was used for the detection of a secondary bacterial metabolite, p-coumaric acid (blue) from cell culture supernatant. Artwork by Nanna Elmstedt Bild and Jesper Scheel.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2019_11.txt,multiBv1,2019_11.txt,"A DNA logic nanomachine is developed for simultaneous analysis of dual-target proteins on cell membrane through rolling circle amplification (RCA). The DNA nanomachine achieved highly accurate imaging analysis of target cells in complex cell samples with excellent specificity. The process is graphically illustrated as a cell sorting assembly line, where the target cell is captured by a hook consisting of a ternary complex, and the lamp is lit up by initiating RCA. Artwork by Xin Qian.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2020_3.txt,allv2,2020_3.txt,The cover is a visualization of advancing nucleic acid quantification technology based one-pot CRISPR and RPA reaction systems. The dynamic reaction balance between the two systems can be tuned to unlock quantification capacities of nucleic acid targets from various microbes.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.png,C,"Revisiting the year’s highlights, inspired by the Year-in-Review articles starting on p71.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_11.txt,ave_2,20_11.txt,"Cell death, inspired by the Focus issue starting on p281.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_8.txt,allv2,19_8.txt,"The ageing world, inspired by the Focus starting on p557.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_4.txt,groundtruth,20_4.txt,"Lineage relationships, inspired by the Review on p8.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_12.txt,sbert,18_12.txt,train
Joule,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_4.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image features an all-solid-state battery (ASSB) incorporating
an FeSn2 anode, a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode, and a Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte placed on an electronic circuit. The continents of the Earth
are illuminated by the energy generated from this high-energy-density ASSB, symbolizing
its potential to revolutionize global energy storage and utilization. As demonstrated
by Lee et al., this ASSB exhibits exceptional performance, stability, and energy efficiency, emphasizing
its crucial role in advancing sustainable energy for the future. This pioneering research
highlights the potential of FeSn2 anodes to enhance the overall performance and safety of ASSBs, driving innovation
in energy storage technology. Artist/image source: Suk-Woo Yoon (SCIART 3D GRAPHIC
in Republic of Korea).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_3.txt,ave_3,8_3.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a novel method to excavate kinetic reaction knowledge from limited battery
thermal experiments, transforming it into millions of data points for machine learning,
which in turn enables highly accurate and broadly generalizable predictions. In the
imagery, the chips symbolize the computational power of machine learning, while the
batteries and dispersing cubes represent the latent thermochemical knowledge that,
once excavated into large-scale training data, can liberate the scale and capability
of machine learning methods. Image credit: Yu Wang and Chaoyang Zhao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,"On the Cover: The dynamic response of perovskites currently represents a major challenge
toward their commercialization for energy-harvesting applications. The image illustrates
how machine learning can be implemented to accelerate materials' development toward
stable devices. Using artificial neural networks, material-dependent rest phases that lead to device performance recovery can be identified. Cover art by M.S. Leite and E. Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_11.txt,allv2,3_11.txt,"On the cover: An artistic depiction of the use of a deep neural network to locate
and size solar panels from high-resolution satellite imagery and produce a map of
the adoption of solar systems in the US. Yu et al. (2605–2617) created and validated
a fast deep-learning approach that is able to efficiently create a database of solar
panel locations and sizes for the whole country. Based on these results, they were
able to create a novel accurate predictive adoption model. Cover art by Zhecheng Wang
and Jiafan Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/2_1.txt,ave_2,2_1.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_7.png,A,"Stochasticity in epigenetic clocks
In this issue, three studies examine the contribution of stochastic epigenetic changes to DNA methylation clocks. Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. and Tong et al. take different approaches to addressing this question, and concur that stochasticity is involved in epigenetic aging. The cover, from Meyer et al., shows a Galton board, which is a device used to illustrate concepts of probability and stochasticity. At the top, a series of small balls are released, which follow a random path before landing in bins at the bottom. Over many trials, this stochastic process leads to the formation of a normal distributed shape. A clock is depicted within this shape to illustrate that a completely stochastic process can be used to construct aging clocks, consistent with a role of age-dependent increases in stochastic variation in epigenetic processes.
See Tarkhov et al., Meyer et al. & Tong et al.
Image: Maayan Visuals. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_7.txt,groundtruth,4_7.txt,"Causality-enriched epigenetic clocks
In this issue, Kejun Ying et al. identify CpGs that may be causally linked to aging-related traits using epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization. They develop the epigenetic clocks DamAge and AdaptAge, which track adverse and adaptive outcomes, respectively. The cover image conceptualizes the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process as a cascade of dominoes that links the youthful individual with the old one. Each domino represents a key CpG site with a causal influence on aging undergoing methylation (denoted by the letter ‘M’). The falling of the dominoes embodies causal effects of these methylation events, suggesting a sequential impact on the progression of aging.
See Ying et al.
Image: Ying Fang, Independent Artist, and Kejun Ying, Harvard University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_11.txt,allv2,4_11.txt,"Universal mammalian clocks
In this issue, Lu, Fei, Raj, Horvath and the Mammalian Methylation Consortium report the development of pan-mammalian epigenetic clocks that accurately track chronological age in 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. The cover image depicts the high correlations between predicted and actual age (purple and red lines), on top of a circle plot in which each sector represents an individual species, irrespective of differences in species maximum lifespans (dashed line).
See Lu et al.
Image: Ake Lu and Steve Horvath; Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,"Single-cell epigenetic age estimation
In this issue, a study by Trapp et al. introduces scAge, a computational framework that enables epigenetic age estimation at single-cell resolution. The new method can track the aging process in individual cells and its heterogeneity in tissue. Notably, scAge revealed a natural cellular rejuvenation event occurring during early embryogenesis. The issue cover features a cell, whose genome blends into the outline of a clock — its hands, denoting age, are driven by the CpG methylation patterns on the DNA.
See Trapp et al. and the accompanying News & Views by K. Lenhard Rudolph
Cover image: Tiamat Fox. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_1.txt,ave_2,1_1.txt,test
Molecular Therapy,32_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_15.png,B,"On the cover: Sepsis represents a global public health concern with no effective cure available.
The dramatic cytokine storms during infection are associated with a higher mortality
rate of sepsis due to the dysregulation of host inflammatory responses. Li et al.
(1017–1032) demonstrated that administration of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), a key
gut microbial metabolite, protects against sepsis-induced systemic inflammation and
highlight the potential value of HDCA as a therapeutic molecule for sepsis. Image
credit: Peng Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_15.txt,ave_1,31_15.txt,"On the cover: Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs upon infection.
Kou and colleagues revealed that pyroptotic cells generate a new group of pyroptotic extracellular vesicles
(pyroEVs) and uncover the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived pyroEVs
on sepsis. Specific expressed ASC can serve as a functional marker identifying exogenous
and endogenous pyroEVs and mediating the protective effect of pyroEV on B cells. In
this image, even the “fiery falling” pyroptotic cells will generate small nutrient
vesicles to protect the damaged host B cells during infection, thus rescuing sepsis.
Image credit: Suqian Qinyan Information Technology Co., LTD.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_15.txt,groundtruth,32_15.txt,"On the cover:Pitner et al. demonstrated that non-differentiating B cells act as “decoys” that blunt the generation
of factor VIII inhibitors in a murine model of hemophilia A. The image displays a
coronal spleen section from a CD45.1 mouse after intravenous delivery of Blimp1-knockout
decoy MD4 B cells and intraperitoneal immunization with HEL-OVA. Decoy B cells (CD45.2,
magenta) dominate the light zones of germinal centers (GL7, green) within B cell follicles
(IgD, blue). CD4 T cells (CD4, red) and marginal zone macrophages (CD169, gray) are
also pictured. Image credit: Jaime L. Chao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_3.txt,sbert,32_3.txt,"On the cover: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles endogenously generated and released
from cells. According to the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, EVs
can be classified as small EVs (sEVs; diameter < 200 nm) and medium/large EVs (m/lEVs;
diameter > 200 nm). sEVs can enter cells by fusing with the membrane without specific
receptors. sEVs are also a promising drug delivery vehicle due to their high stability,
biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, toxicity, and the fact that diverse molecules
(miRNA, siRNA, DNA, proteins, and chemical drugs) can be loaded. Han et al. encapsulated
club cell secretory protein-16 (CC16) to sEVs (sEV-CC16) for the treatment of Acute
lung injury (ALI) induced by Gram-negative bacteria. sEVs were visualized by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). Image credit: Brendan Marshall, Augusta University TEM
core facility.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/31_11.txt,allv2,31_11.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_5.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image features an illustration on rice domestication. During the lengthy
process of rice domestication, PROG1 inactivation resulted in LA1 activation, leading to a compact and upright plant structure that facilitated rice
cultivation and harvest. Meanwhile, PROG1 inactivation also caused decreased OsGI expression, resulting in enlarged panicles with more grains and ultimately higher
yields. The sandglass illustration portrays the evolutionary trajectory of rice domestication:
from the wild rice with loose architecture and small panicles on the top to cultivated
rice with compacted architecture and larger panicles at the bottom. The picturesque
rice field serves as the captivating backdrop, symbolizing how modern cultivated rice
has flourished into one of humanity's most indispensable food crops. Image by: Dr.
Jun Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/16_5.txt,ave_1,16_5.txt,"On The Cover The cover image shows the mutant library of rice generated by genome-wide targeted
mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9. A total of 34,234 rice genes were targeted by 88,541
sgRNAs and 91,004 targeted loss-of-function rice mutants were generated via large-scale
Agrobacterium transformation. Combining with the high-throughput genotyping method, a detailed
pipeline for genome-scale gene editing in plants was developed. Image by: Ze-hui Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_4.txt,multiBv1,10_4.txt,"On the cover: Fertility restorer genes play an important role in three-line hybrid rice breeding.
In this issue, Song et al. show that structural variations of a new fertility restorer
gene, Rf20, are associated with restoration of wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility
in rice. The cover image features rice paddy field for production of three-line hybrid
seeds and the delicate structure of a rice floret with normal (left) and shrunk (right)
anthers that produce fertile and sterile pollens, respectively. As shown in the circle
around rice floret, RF20 gene as well as its copy number variations and environmental temperature that affect
Rf20 gene expression contribute to the fertility restoration ability of rice restorer
lines. Image by: Li Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_5.txt,groundtruth,17_5.txt,"On the cover: It has been twenty years since the release of the draft whole genome sequences for
two subspecies of rice, japonica/Geng and indica/Xian. In this issue of Molecular Plant, a series of papers are published to celebrate twenty years of rice genomics research,
showcase a bundle of recent achievements, and present some expert perspectives on
future directions of rice research. Image by: Xiao Yang, Zhiyong Li, Jian Zhang, Xiaofeng
Cui.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/15_9.txt,allv2,15_9.txt,train
ACS Engineering Au,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.png,C,"The art shows the transformation of a microporous MFI-type zeolite to hierarchical meso-microporous zeolite materials, which is the main modification that we conducted for the catalyst. The art also shows that by mixing with ZnZrOx, the formed tandem catalyst carried out a one-pass CO2 hydrogenation reaction for value-added products generation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2023_2.txt,ave_3,2023_2.txt,"Selective catalysts for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) exhibit low ethane and ethylene (C2) productivity due to their limited activity. More active catalysts, on the other hand, often suffer from a low selectivity, resulting in pronounced carbon oxide formation. In this work, we try to combine the best of both worlds in adiabatic layered packed-bed reactors, with an active catalyst upstream of a more selective one, as an optimal solution to enhance the C2 productivity in the OCM process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,"Ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) has been extensively applied for NOx emission control, where the formation of the greenhouse gas N2O is an issue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"This work presents the sustainable green solvent engineering for the synthesis of REWO (RE = Ce, Sm, Gd) nanoparticles, which are modified disposable screenprinted carbon electrodes for the electrochemical detection of 4-nitrotoluene in real-time analysis of water samples.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Engineering Au/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_11.png,C,"On the cover: The patient with lung cancer is surrounded by colored spheres representing
hubs in signaling networks in the proteomics approach in small cell lung cancer, identified
in this issue by Coles et al. (pp. 129–143). The hope is that these hubs, such as
PKA, will help clinicians treat the patient. Artwork, titled “The Inevitable Healing,”
is by artist Dylan Mortimer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/38_6.txt,sbert,38_6.txt,"On the cover: The cover shows a mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) found in
a non‐small-cell lung cancer patient sample. Using transcriptomic analyses, Patil
et al. (page 289–300) identify the key drivers of clinical outcomes in the randomized
clinical trials of PD‐L1 blockade versus chemotherapy, and they find plasma cell signals
to be strongly associated with patient benefit and specifically with PD‐L1 blockade.
In this multiplex immunofluorescence image, tumor cells are displayed in blue (panCK+);
plasma cells, the product of a mature TLS, in orange (CD138+/panCK-); B cells in aqua
(CD20+); CD8+ T cells in yellow (CD3+/CD8+); and CD4+ T cells in green (CD3+/CD4+).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/40_10.txt,multiBv1,40_10.txt,"On the cover: Zhou et al. report the results of a phase 3 trial that demonstrates the efficacy and safety of
serplulimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with advanced squamous
non-small-cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). The cover shows a collage of pathology slices
and lively colors that represent the complexity of the disease but also symbolize
how the results of this ASTRUM-004 study have invigorated research and innovation
in sqNSCLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"On the cover: A famous quote says, “No two leaves are alike.” In a similar vein, Hu
et al. find that lung cancer fibroblasts (different leaves) are functionally heterogeneous.
The authors establish a lung cancer fibroblast biobank (plants on shelves) from patient
biopsies. They identify three functionally distinct subtypes (plants I, II, and III)
that can protect cancer cells from tyrosine kinase inhibitors via HGF-MET and FGF7-FGFR2
signaling (fertilizer bags). Thus, these fibroblast subtypes can guide the design
of more personalized treatment for lung cancer patients (trail map).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/39_2.txt,allv2,39_2.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_6.png,C,"On The Cover Image shows a male inflorescence of Zea mays (maize) at anthesis (flower opening).
This structure, also called tassel, terminates the stem of a maize plant and is composed
of hundreds of male flowers organized as spikelet pairs. Anthesis and thus pollen
release begins at the tassel rachis (main spike) and occurs delayed at lateral branches.
Five stages of pollen development are inserted showing the male germline (labeled
by YFP-α-tubulin): early bicellular stage after pollen mitosis I (red), late bicellular
stage (orange), pollen mitosis II (yellow), sperm cell formation (green) and mature
spindle-shaped sperm cells (cyan). Image by: Liang-Zi Zhou, Martina Juranic and Thomas
Dresselhaus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/10_10.txt,allv2,10_10.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a new chemical-mediated haploid induction method for
maize. After the female ear of a diploid maize plant (middle) in normal height is
pollinated with pollens treated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagents, which may
result in three types of pollens: yellow ones with two normal sperms, red ones with
two damaged sperms, and yellow-red mixed ones with one normal and one damaged sperms,
it can produce the cob with some small, haploid seeds. When sowed, these small, haploid
seeds can form double haploid maize plants (left and right) via spontaneous or induced
dihaploidization. Image by: Chenglin Jiang and Kenan Yao.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/15_7.txt,ave_1,15_7.txt,"On the cover: The cover image is inspired by the ancient Chinese myth about the first human beings,
Fuxi (伏羲) and Nuwa (女娲), who were originally brother and sister born from Hua Xu (华胥).
They married after a devastating flood and created humanity. The sexuality differentiation
and reproduction in maize shares similarity to this story. Maize florets from tassel
and ear both bear a full set of sexual organs initially, like siblings, and undergo
selective elimination of pistil and stamen, respectively, leading to unisexual male
and female flowers. In the process of sexual differentiation, JA, BR and ROS signals
together with NAC genes inhibit the growth of pistils in tassel florets, while GA
signal, SK1 and MADS-box genes promote the growth of pistils in ear florets. In addition,
GA signal also inhibits the growth of stamens in ear florets. At the mature stage,
tassel inflorescence at the top produces pollens that scatter onto the ear filaments
at the waist to complete fertilization and production. In this cover illustration,
the floret before sex differentiation (middle) represents Hua Xu, while tassel (upper)
and ear (lower) florets formed after sex differentiation represent Fuxi and Nuwa,
respectively. The developmental process from bisexual to unisexual florets of tassel
and ear is regulated by different factors that are scattered by Fuxi and Nuwa, respectively.
Image by Yonghao Sun, Lu Kang, Liang Dong and Fang Yang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_6.txt,groundtruth,17_6.txt,"On the cover: Fertility restorer genes play an important role in three-line hybrid rice breeding.
In this issue, Song et al. show that structural variations of a new fertility restorer
gene, Rf20, are associated with restoration of wild abortive-type cytoplasmic male sterility
in rice. The cover image features rice paddy field for production of three-line hybrid
seeds and the delicate structure of a rice floret with normal (left) and shrunk (right)
anthers that produce fertile and sterile pollens, respectively. As shown in the circle
around rice floret, RF20 gene as well as its copy number variations and environmental temperature that affect
Rf20 gene expression contribute to the fertility restoration ability of rice restorer
lines. Image by: Li Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_5.txt,sbert,17_5.txt,train
Cell Genomics,5_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/5_2.png,C,"On the cover: Understanding human genetic diversity can elucidate critical host-pathogen
interactions. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Gibbs et al. leveraged a cellular genome-wide association study to discover that
variation across a chromosome 1 locus was associated with intracellular replication
of Salmonella Typhi and regulated protein abundance of human mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2), a divalent cation
channel. Mechanistic studies revealed that MCOLN2 restricts S. Typhi replication via magnesium deprivation, demonstrating that natural human genetic
diversity leads to variable nutritional immunity. The cover art is titled “Revealing
the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions.” One strand of DNA is shown with nucleotides
from the MCOLN2 locus, including an associated single-nucleotide polymorphism. Salmonella forms the second strand of DNA, symbolizing the microbe's evolutionary pressure and
genetic interaction with the host genome, down to even a single nucleotide. Artist:
Trisha Dalapati.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/3_8.txt,ave_2,3_8.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"On the cover: The cover illustrates the dynamic process of bacterial immune adaptation
against bacterial viruses (phages) in different environments via a key mechanism of
acquiring CRISPR-Cas spacers, a study conducted by An-Ni Zhang et al. in this issue of Cell Genomics. The green section shows the rapid immunity update observed in controlled experimental
conditions, occurring on a timescale of hours. In contrast, the red section demonstrates
a much slower rate of CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition in natural environments, such
as the human gut microbiome, where updates occur over several years. The findings
of this study further unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the continual arms
race between hosts and parasites in various organisms. Artist credit: An-Ni Zhang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/5_2.txt,groundtruth,5_2.txt,"On the cover: Our ability to understand mammalian physiology and disease has long
been limited by the availability of tools for high-throughput genetic dissection of
phenomena directly within the living organism. In this issue of Cell Genomics, Keys and Knouse establish genome-scale CRISPR screening in a single mouse liver.
This accessible and adaptable platform offers a powerful foundation for uncovering
the complete genetic regulation of diverse phenotypes within a living mammal.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Genomics/2_1.txt,ave_3,2_1.txt,train
innovation,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_3.png,D,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Vivid life is everywhere in this blue planet. In this cover, four seasons
are illustrated with diverse lives that are the traces of entire ecosystem circle.
What a natural harmony! From birth to death, each species has its own life cycle and
innate mechanisms decoded and to be decoded by scientists. The destiny of life cycle
can be revealed by genome within a cell as the core of living beings. The more scientific
discoveries about the core, the higher possibilities to disclose the truth of life.
For sustainable development of our planet, it is important to build up one co-existing
ecosystem for all living things.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_6.txt,allv2,3_6.txt,"On the cover: Earth, home of human beings, is 70% water and 30% land which has nurtured
splendid civilizations and flourishing lives. The cover story of this issue reflects
the evolution of Earth by merging an unknown planet in a unified scene with different
landscapes throughout the history such as glacier, desert, ocean, mountain, river
and magma. The contrast between the past to reality can best illustrate our respect
to our motherland. It is not only the subjects of geoscience studies, but also the
common goal of all multidisciplinary research and the shared duties of mankind to
understand, care and protect our planet to build a better future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_3.txt,ave_2,2_3.txt,"On the cover: Extremophiles are invaluable biological resources, pivotal for unraveling
the mysteries of life, revealing the origins and evolution of life on Earth, and exploring
extraterrestrial planets. Syntrichia caninervis, a desert moss, exemplifies life's remarkable adaptability to extreme environments.
It demonstrates extraordinary desiccation tolerance, capable of losing over 98% of
its cellular water content, and can endure −196°C ultra-low temperatures. Additionally,
it exhibits exceptional radiation resistance, withstanding doses of more than 5,000
Gy of gamma irradiation. This moss can survive and maintain vitality under simulated
Mars conditions. S. caninervis is one of the toughest plants on Earth, offering promising potential as a pioneer
species for future Mars colonization and terraforming efforts.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,train
Nature Plants,10_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Plants/10_8.png,C,"Spreading the load
Centromeres affect epigenomic architecture and meiotic recombination. The Brazillian plant Rhynchospora breviuscula has holocentric chromosomes with multiple kinetochores along their length, rather than a single centromere. Here, chromosome synapsis dynamics is key to the broad-scale pattern of crossovers. The image shows anthers, pollen and meiocyte of R. breviuscula.
See Castellan et al.
Image: Ulla Neumann, Marco Castellani, Thiago do Nascimento and Rob Kesseler. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_10.txt,ave_3,10_10.txt,"Reprogramming stems from DNA damage
Mosses such as Physcomitrella patens produce leafy shoots called gametophores, which bear their sex organs. Gametophore leaf cells are reprogrammed to stem cells by the actions of ATR kinase and STEMINs following DNA damage.
See Gu, N. et al.
Image: N. Gu and M. Hasebe, Huazhong Agricultural University and National Institute for Basic Biology. Cover Design: L. Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/6_4.txt,allv2,6_4.txt,"Generating gametangia
Bryophytes, such as the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, develop sexual organs known as gametangia. The ‘non-canonical’ transcription factor MpBZR3 is involved in regulating both male and female structures, antheridia and archegonia respectively. Overexpression of MpBZR3 induces ectopic development of multiple gametangia.
See Furuya et al.
Image: Tomoyuki Furuya, Ritsumeikan University. Cover design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/10_8.txt,groundtruth,10_8.txt,"Evolving specificity
Regulation of biological systems is often achieved through protein–protein interactions. A specific DELLA-SLY1 protein–protein interaction causes destruction of DELLA repressors and promotion of growth in angiosperms. This specificity evolved by the narrowing of a broad ancestral affinity, as is still seen in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.
See Ji et al.
Image: Zhe Ji, University of Oxford. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Plants/9_1.txt,sbert,9_1.txt,test
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology,21_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.png,D,"Targeting tumours with antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p327.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/18_7.txt,allv2,18_7.txt,"Antigen presentation in cancer, inspired by the Review on p604.
Cover design: S.Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/20_4.txt,ave_3,20_4.txt,"Improving anticancer activity of antibody–drug conjugates, inspired by the Review on p203.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_10.txt,sbert,21_10.txt,"Leveraging multispecific antibodies to treat patients with cancer, inspired by the Review on p539.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology/21_6.txt,groundtruth,21_6.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_20,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_20.png,A,A new copolymer architecture is reported for mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture. The corresponding grafted multi-block copolymer strongly improved filler/polymer compatibility up to high loadings of ZIF-8 (40 vol %) and the membrane CO2 permeability was increased by a factor 6 compared to the corresponding unloaded membrane.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_20.txt,groundtruth,2024_20.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: M.-A. Pizzoccaro-Zilamy et al., “Initial Steps toward the Development of Grafted Ionic Liquid Membranes for the Selective Transport of CO2” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02466); and H. Petitjean et al., “Modeling Ammonia and Water Co-Adsorption in CuI-SSZ-13 Zeolite Using DFT Calculations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03821)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_5.txt,ave_1,2018_5.txt,high hydrogen permeable ZIF-8 membranes offer great application potential for extracting hydrogen from coke oven gas.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_36.txt,multiBv1,2024_36.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: C. M. Sanchez et al., “Hydrogen Stable Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes with Silver Carriers: Propylene and Propane Permeability and Solubility” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04886); H. Jiang et al., “Mixed-Matrix Membranes with Covalent Triazine Framework Fillers in Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity for CO2 Separations” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04632); L.-C. Ma et al., “Gas Transport Properties of Teflon AF2400/Ceramic Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes in Dissolved-Gas-in-Oil Extraction” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06026); and T. H. Lee et al., “High-Performance Polyamide Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes Containing ZIF-8/CNT Hybrid Nanofillers for Reverse Osmosis Desalination” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04810).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2020_41.txt,allv2,2020_41.txt,val
NATURE GENETICS,56_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.png,B,"Peanut global phenotypic variation
Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing of Arachis accessions sheds light on peanut evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification.
See Zheng et al.
Image: Nastasic/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_4.txt,multiBv1,56_4.txt,"Brassica oleracea pan-genome
De novo genome assemblies of 22 Brassica oleracea accessions and pan-genome analyses highlight the effects of structural variation on gene expression and its contribution to morphotype diversification.
See Li et al.
Image: Chang Keyong, professional photographer, Beijing, China. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_10.txt,groundtruth,56_10.txt,"European maize genomes
In temperate regions of Europe, early-maturing and cold-tolerant flint landraces were key to maize cultivation. Delineating the core and dispensable genome of four European flint and two North American dent maize lines unveils similarities and differences between the two germplasm groups. Pronounced variation in haplotypes, heterochromatic knobs and orthologous long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons reveals the exceptional dynamics of the maize genome.
See Haberer et al.
Image: Tom Freudenberg/pict-images and Technical University of Munich. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/52_4.txt,allv2,52_4.txt,"Engineering crop polyploid genomes
Generation of clonal gametes in tomato enables polyploid genome design through controlled combination of pre-defined genome haplotypes.
See Wang et al.
Image: Rainer Franzen, Yazhong Wang and Rob Kesseler. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_7.txt,sbert,56_7.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_415,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_415.png,B,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Decision-Making, highlights cellular decision-making events (see the Editorial Guide). The image depicts a neuronal stem cell and its potential fates of a glia or a neuron. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_410.txt,ave_1,2007_410.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue highlights the nucleus (see the Editorial Guide [http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content-embargo/abstract/sigtrans;2007/415/eg11]). Articles and resources at STKE focus on signaling within the nucleus, as well as transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The image depicts an artist's rendition of a cell nucleus. [Image: Christopher Bickel , AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_415.txt,groundtruth,2007_415.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that describes a systems biology approach to understanding the signals from the mitochondria to the nucleus that occur when mitochondrial function is compromised. The image shows an artist's rendition of mitochondria. [Image: Chris Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/6_264.txt,allv2,6_264.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows how neuronal activity is coordinated by a network formed by gap junction–linked astrocytes. The image shows bursting activity in a hippocampal slice from a wild-type mouse. [Image: Elena Dossi (Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France)]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_410.txt,sbert,9_410.txt,val
Developmental Cell,59_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_19.png,A,"On the cover: Lineage motifs, symbolized here as ink stamps, are recurring patterns
of cell fates on lineage trees. They represent developmental modules that produce
cell types in predefined ratios during processes like retina development. Furthermore,
they could facilitate adaptive variation in cell type frequencies between species
such as rat, monkey, and chicken, as shown in the pages depicting slices of retina
generated through lineage motif stamps. To learn more about how lineage motifs act
as developmental modules for control of cell type proportions, see Tran et al. Image credit: Adara Koivula.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_19.txt,groundtruth,59_19.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts how cellular and molecular landmarks of early
mouse skin development (colorful stroke) can be uncovered within the seemingly uniform
embryonic skin tissue (black-and-white template). The color palette contains the single-cell-transcriptomics-derived
major cell types (depicted by their UMAP representation) that were mapped to the tissue
using multiplex RNA in situ stainings. To learn more about molecular and histological
key transitions, cross-cell type communications, and the onset of lineage diversifications
during mouse skin development, see Jacob et al. (pp. 2140–2162). Image credit: Nil
Campamà Sanz and Tina Jacob.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/58_5.txt,sbert,58_5.txt,"On the cover: A series of chimeric zebrafish representing, from top to bottom, a cycle
of stripe ablation and regeneration. Progenitor cells within the tissue both provide
the new pigment-producing melanocytes and undergo self-renewal. For more details,
see Iyengar et al., pp. 631–643.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/33_1.txt,multiBv1,33_1.txt,"On the cover: The quilt pictured on the cover was inspired by the expression patterns
of retinoic acid regulatory enzymes during early chick retina development, with the
central circular region representing the future high-acuity area. The patterned nature
of a quilt, with its combination of fabrics of different designs, colors, and shapes,
also conveys structured cellular organization during tissue morphogenesis. Quilt crafted
by Susana da Silva. For more, see da Silva et al., pp. 68–81.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/42_6.txt,allv2,42_6.txt,train
NATURE MATERIALS,23_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_6.png,A,"Reprogrammable on-chip topological photonics
By harnessing the large-scale integration of rapidly reprogrammable silicon photonic nanocircuits and microresonators, diverse topological photonic multifunctionalities are implemented and dynamically transformed on-chip.
See Dai et al.
Image: Tianxiang Dai and Jianwei Wang, Peking University Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_6.txt,groundtruth,23_6.txt,"A critical component for chip-scale integrated photonics would be a non-reciprocal optical waveguide allowing light to travel in only one direction while reflecting it in the opposite one. Inspired by concepts of parity-time-symmetric quantum theories and built on a silicon on-insulator platform using only absorptive media, a periodically modulated dielectric waveguide exhibiting unidirectional reflection has now been demonstrated, reflecting light at telecom frequencies in only one direction with a high contrast ratio.
Letter p108
IMAGE: LIANG FENG, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY; MING-HUI LU, NANJING UNIVERSITY
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/12_11.txt,sbert,12_11.txt,"Photonic nanostructures offer new ways of light-matter interaction. Examples of these nanostructures include microrod arrays that show efficient light absorption, but also plasmonic devices whose light-concentration capability can be used for enhanced solar cells.
Image courtesy of M. D. Kelzenberg.
Letter by Kelzenberg  et al .",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/9_10.txt,multiBv1,9_10.txt,"The recent experimental realization of topological semimetals opens the possibility of studying new quantum phenomena, and may allow the development of robust quantum devices.
Commentary p1140
IMAGE: GUOQING CHANG, SU-YANG XU AND M. ZAHID HASAN, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/15_2.txt,allv2,15_2.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_10.png,B,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,multiBv1,2023_10.txt,This backscattered electron image shows the replacement of CuO of Cu2O via a coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanism. The three embedded images depict the reaction scheme of cuprite dissolution in acetate solution: (a) cuprite dissolution reaction; (b) Cu(I) disproportionation to Cu(II) and native Cu; and (c) tenorite precipitation and acetate decarboxylation reaction.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_10.txt,groundtruth,2024_10.txt,"Elemental iron is effective in simultaneous removal of co-existing TcVII and CrVI from contaminated streams when the Fe0/(CrVII + TcVI) molar ratio exceeds 106. Elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) inhibit Fe0 oxidation and removal of contaminants. This cover features work from Drs. Yelena Katsenovich, Florida International University, and Tatiana Levitskaia and Hilary Emerson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The original artwork was created by Nathan Johnson, an illustrator at PNNL.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,SEM image of the ferrihydrite added to the radioiodine-contaminated sediment samples in the column sorption and transport experiments. The SEM image was taken by Odeta Qafoku (PNNL).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.txt,ave_2,2024_11.txt,train
Nature Water,2_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_3.png,A,"Towards net zero in the wastewater sector
Wastewater treatment is responsible for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane and nitrous oxide. Accounting for all those emissions is complex because emissions originate from several parts of the process, but it is the first, essential step towards a more sustainable wastewater industry. The Review by Ren and co-authors examines these complexities and provides guidance for the direction to take to eventually achieve net zero emissions. The cover shows a large urban wastewater treatment plant in Hong Kong.
See Song et al.
Image: dragon for real / Moment / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_3.txt,groundtruth,2_3.txt,"A socioeconomic view of antimicrobials
Monitoring the use of antimicrobial agents is a necessary step to find solutions to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One aspect that is rarely investigated is the connection of antimicrobial concentration with the socioeconomic status of the population. The image on the cover shows a heatmap illustrating per capita excreted loads of 56 detected antimicrobials and their transformation products, as reflected in wastewater influent from 50 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia. Each WWTP is characterized by varying population sizes, geographical remoteness, and socioeconomic statuses. The notable variation in antimicrobial excreted loads indicates diverse antimicrobial use behaviours among different populations in Australia.
See Li et al.
Image: Jinglong Li, The University of Queensland. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"Sanitation in dense urban areas
A simple extension of conventional sanitation technologies cannot meet the rising needs in the rapidly expanding cities of the global south. The Comment by Abishek Sankara Narayan and colleagues presents a portfolio approach that systematically considers the co-existence of various sanitation systems, including centralized and decentralized sewer-based systems, varied types of on-site blackwater and greywater treatment, and household-level treatment in situ. The approach optimizes the integration of these systems to achieve multiple outcomes, including public health, environmental protection, climate resilience, resource recovery, and equity. The cover image provides an aerial view of a densely populated township in South Africa.
See Narayan et al.
Image: John Wang / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"All you can find in wastewater
Despite having been around for several decades, wastewater-based epidemiology only came to prominence only during the COVID-19 pandemic, during which it has been used across the globe to monitor the spread of the infection. The approach could potentially be extended to study the spread of other pathogens but also the lifestyle of entire populations, including drug use or dietary habits. The image on the cover shows the amount of viruses and chemicals that can be found in wastewater.
See Editorial
IMAGE: Kandella/Alamy Stock Photo. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_8.txt,sbert,1_8.txt,val
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_7.png,D,This month's Focus features a series of specially commissioned Reviews and a Perspective that discuss the most recent progress in understanding the immune response to HIV and how this new insight can be harnessed for prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapies (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/hiv/index.html). Artwork by Lewis Long depicts an HIV-1 virion.,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/16_7.txt,allv2,16_7.txt,"The presentation of antigen by germinal center B cells to follicular T cells engenders the process of antibody affinity maturation and humoral memory. Pierce and colleagues show TLR9 signaling in B cells antagonizes B cell–mediated antigen presentation, which leads to enhanced generation of short-lived plasma cells and production of lower-affinity antibodies.
Image credit: Munir Akkaya, David W. Dorward Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_10.txt,multiBv1,19_10.txt,"Immune cells respond to a variety of external cues, suggesting specialized microenvironments, depicted by the various doorways, can profoundly influence their function. This month we present a series of commissioned review articles that focus on unique anatomical niches that are key to immune cell development and function. These reviews and additional internet-only content are available free online (www.nature.com.ni/focus/niches/index.html) during April 2006. Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/7_9.txt,sbert,7_9.txt,"Bridging the affinity gap in the germinal center
In this issue, Ray et al. preclinically validate new immunogens to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitope on the HIV envelope protein, and demonstrate that germinal center kinetics are driven by affinity gaps between bnAb precursors and competing B cells over time. On the cover, using a retro National Parks postcard style, the affinity gap is portrayed as a canyon, with sturdier or more treacherous bridges for B cells to ‘cross’ via affinity maturation from high-to-high or low-to-high affinity.
See Ray et al.
Image: Christina Corbaci and Lars Hangartner. Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_7.txt,groundtruth,25_7.txt,val
Trends in Genetics,40_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Genetics/40_11.png,D,"Polycomb group proteins are conserved chromatin factors critically required for the
regulation of multiple target genes during cell differentiation and development. On
pages 454–464 of this issue, Bantignies and Cavalli discuss the most recent advances
on how these factors form chromatin domains along the genome and on how these domains
are organized in the 3D space of the nucleus, contributing to the regulation of their
target genes. The cover picture shows a tangle of ropes on a boat, metaphorically
illustrating the tangled state of chromatin in the nucleus. Green cylinders represent
examples of specific 3D interactions among PcG-bound chromatin elements. Photo and
Artwork credit: Cyril Sarrauste de Menthière.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/27_2.txt,allv2,27_2.txt,"Modulation of chromatin structure and/or modification provides an important means
to partition the genome into functionally distinct subdomains and to regulate the
activity of the underlying genes. On pages 547–565 in this issue, Guo et al. discuss the cellular machineries responsible for deposition and regulation of trimethylation
of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a histone mark associated with gene silencing.
H3K27me3, depicted as green squares on nucleosomes, is “read” by distinct classes
of effector complexes, depicted as eyes. On one hand, the mammalian proteins (such
as BAHCC1 and BAHD1) that contain a conserved motif, termed Bromo-adjacent homology
(BAH), serve as a 'BAH'-code ('barcode') reader for H3K27me3, dampening down the level
of gene activation-associated histone acetylation. On the other hand, Polycomb repressive
complex 1 (PRC1) mediates chromatin compaction partly via phase separation. Collectively,
the two classes of mammalian “readers” mediate the expression downregulation at genes
marked by H3K27me3, a process that is indicated in the image by a knob switch/control.
Image credit: Yuva Oz / Art4Science",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/37_7.txt,multiBv1,37_7.txt,"The DNA of eukaryotic genomes is wrapped in nucleosomes, which prevents DNA having
access to most DNA-binding proteins. Understanding the factors that control nucleosome
positioning along the DNA can shed light on the binding and action of proteins that
perform essential genetic functions. On pp. 335–343 of this issue, Eran Segal and
Jonathan Windom discuss recent genome-wide data showing how nucleotide DNA sequence
preferences, DNA methylation, histone variants and post-translational modifications,
higher order chromatin structure, and the actions of transcription factors can influence
the position of nucleosomes along the DNA. They also suggest an integrated framework
for the preservation of nucleosome positioning and the dynamic repositioning that
occurs during development and in disease. Cover design by Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/25_5.txt,sbert,25_5.txt,"By virtue of their ability to scan and target partial DNA binding motifs on
nucleosomes in chromatin, pioneer transcription factors can act as master regulators
of
development. On pp. 134–148, Amandine Barral and Ken Zaret describe how pioneer
factors guide cell fate transitions during development. They discuss the structural
and
functional characteristics of pioneer factors that allow them to bind and initiate
opening
of silent chromatin and the consequences for chromatin dynamics and gene expression.
Illustration by Amandine Barral.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Genetics/40_11.txt,groundtruth,40_11.txt,train
ACS ES&T Air,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.png,B,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,Computational models of atmospheric composition do not always make scientifically trustworthy predictions. This is especially true for machine learning and AI tools that learn patterns from data without knowing the physical laws governing those patterns. We introduce a corrective approach that minimally adjusts the predicted concentrations of chemical species to guarantee conservation of mass.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,train
Joule,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_2.png,D,"On the Cover: Light-independent biological conversion of CO2 is a key ingredient for successful CO2 utilization that yields environmental and economic benefits. Producing both high-margin
products and high-volume products will promote economic and global-scale CO2 utilization. Top: the hourglass depicts the transformation of CO2 by microorganisms into various chemical building blocks. Bottom: over time, the CO2-derived bioproducts help build a sustainable future. Cover art by Meredith Fields.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/4_3.txt,ave_2,4_3.txt,"On the cover: This cover image depicts a novel link between the technical and biological
world that allows the direct conversion of electricity into biochemical energy. In
this issue, Luo et al. report on an “electrobiological module,” in which enzymes (in
purple) use electricity (plugged into an electric circuit) to produce ATP (flying
molecules), the universal energy currency of living systems. They demonstrate the
continuous production of ATP at −0.6 V and showcase how the electrobiological module
can be used in biocatalysis and biological information processing and storage, including
protein synthesis. This synthetic biology approach opens new paths for using and storing
electrical energy in biochemical systems. Image credit: Alexey Chizhik.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/7_5.txt,sbert,7_5.txt,"On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image
illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic
reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors
through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright
pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product.
The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel
route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable
CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/9_2.txt,allv2,9_2.txt,"On the cover: The rising global population is driving increased demand for food production
while farmers around the world confront unprecedented challenges due to changing climate
conditions. The cover image showcases a prototype electro-agriculture system, which
produces food using CO2 as the raw material. As presented by Crandall et al., this approach combines CO2 electrolysis with biological systems to boost food production efficiency. By utilizing
acetate generated from CO2 through renewable electricity, electro-agriculture enables the heterotrophic growth
of crops, bypassing the efficiency constraints of photosynthesis. Artist/image source:
Feng Jiao (Washington University in St. Louis in the United States).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_7.png,B,"Kidney disease: a global health priority, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p473.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_6.txt,allv2,20_6.txt,"Kidney-targeted nanomedicines, inspired by the Review on p354.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_7.txt,groundtruth,20_7.txt,"Kidney lipids, inspired by the Review on p629.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_3.txt,sbert,19_3.txt,"Models of acute kidney injury, inspired by the Review on p277.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_8.txt,multiBv1,18_8.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_33,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_33.png,B,"For the distributed chemical processes, fault diagnosis, process monitoring, and system control design are closely related to production profits. By introducing dynamic data reconciliation to correct the predicted results of soft sensor models, the effectiveness of these profit improvement methods can be enhanced.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,The cover sketches the challenge of integrating multiple scales into a process model and how this can be performed with compartment models. These compartment models are applied to an industrial rotary dryer shown in the figures and the background.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_33.txt,groundtruth,2024_33.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted paper: R. A. Farakte et al., “CFD Simulations of Two Phase Flow in Asymmetric Rotary Agitated Columns” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02720)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_1.txt,sbert,2018_1.txt,"The cover depicts an integrated methane dehydroaromatization modular process being transported to natural gas extraction sites across various geographical terrains, ranging from the Rocky Mountains to deserts. The network nodes on the left symbolize the use of computational tools to infer the optimality of the modular process.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_1.txt,multiBv1,2024_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_11.png,C,"Decisions, decisions…, inspired by the Review on p515.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_4.txt,sbert,18_4.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,allv2,20_2.txt,"Inflammasome scaffolds, inspired by the Review on p67.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_11.txt,groundtruth,20_11.txt,"Overlapping phenotypes, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_12.txt,multiBv1,20_12.txt,train
Caner Cell,42_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Caner Cell/42_5.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Calon et al. (pp. 571–584) report that TGF-β induces
a prometastatic gene program in the microenvironment of colorectal carcinomas, which
can be used to predict disease relapse in patients. The cover illustrates the power
of TGF-β (symbolized by the watering can) in activating stroma (represented by soil
in the flower pot) to support cancer cells seeding metastases. This process is able
to influence clinical outcome and potentially predict the metastatic spread of colon
cancer (represented by the succulent plant viewed through a crystal ball). Cover image
design by Iris Joval.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/22_2.txt,allv2,22_2.txt,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/41_1.txt,sbert,41_1.txt,"On the cover: Hakimi et al. (pp. 104–116) profiled global metabolite differences of
138 paired human normal and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples and found
widespread metabolic reorganization and distinct changes correlated with tumor progression.
These results were integrated with gene expression data to assemble a comprehensive
metabolic atlas of ccRCC. The cover depicts metabolic pathways projected on a kidney-shape
globe with a compass representing a “metabologram” used to navigate genes and metabolites
of given metabolic pathways. Original art by Paul S. Jeng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/29_6.txt,multiBv1,29_6.txt,"On the cover: Sun et al. characterize the mechanistic significance and diagnostic potential of plasma and
fecal metabolites in colorectal cancer (CRC). The cover artwork depicts the journey
of sailboats, symbolizing CRC progression. The dolphins (representing inhibitory metabolites
like allocholic acid) swim alongside a boat veering away from a storm, while sharks
(representing promoting metabolites like oleic acid) follow a boat heading into the
storm. A buoy at the diverging paths signifies early tumor diagnosis based on metabolite
analysis. Image credit: Jun Yu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Caner Cell/42_5.txt,groundtruth,42_5.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_14,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_14.png,B,"Three illustrations (Cryst. Growth Des. 2003, 3, 3-8) of a supramolecular nanosphere composed of 12 p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules (Science, 1999, 285, 1049). Top left:  the calixarene molecules are shown in the spacefilling metaphor with each molecule colored independently for clarity. Bottom left:  the calixarene molecules are shown as truncated cones arranged around a hydrophilic sphere. Right:  an artist's interpretation of the latter illustration by America's premier watercolorist, Paul Jackson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2003_1.txt,ave_3,2003_1.txt,"Representation of the X-ray diffraction experiment for a truncated nanocube. The colors of the atom represent the zones with high (red) and low (blue) atomic vibration correlation in the nanocrystal. The white graph is the total scattering pattern, and the red line corresponds to the thermal diffuse scattering contribution to the pattern, where the information of atomic correlation is present.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_14.txt,groundtruth,2024_14.txt,"Scattered green light is accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion in a crystalline channel waveguide inscribed in the lanthanum boron germinate glass by a femtosecond laser beam. The waveguide consists of the stillwellite-like LaBGeO5 phase with a polar axis oriented along the waveguide. The green light is a second harmonic of infrared femtosecond pulses propagating in the crystalline waveguide (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 4670–4675).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_4.txt,ave_2,2017_4.txt,"The figure shows an X-ray diffraction image of an h0l layer of the undistorted reciprocal lattice with the monoclinic reciprocal unit cell projected parallel to b* (Cryst. Growth Des. 2016, 16, 4411–4420.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2016_5.txt,allv2,2016_5.txt,train
innovation,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/6_1.png,D,"On the cover: Earth, home of human beings, is 70% water and 30% land which has nurtured
splendid civilizations and flourishing lives. The cover story of this issue reflects
the evolution of Earth by merging an unknown planet in a unified scene with different
landscapes throughout the history such as glacier, desert, ocean, mountain, river
and magma. The contrast between the past to reality can best illustrate our respect
to our motherland. It is not only the subjects of geoscience studies, but also the
common goal of all multidisciplinary research and the shared duties of mankind to
understand, care and protect our planet to build a better future.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/2_3.txt,ave_3,2_3.txt,"On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean
energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented
by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints
of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and
curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible
photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and
imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent
and sustainable human society.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_1.txt,ave_2,3_1.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_2.txt,allv2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: Wind, the movement of air, plays a vital role in influencing the Earth’s climate.
Moreover, wind energy is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the power of the
wind to generate electricity, serving as a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
As humanity increasingly turns to wind energy for a sustainable future, understanding
the factors shaping wind patterns has become more urgent than ever. While volcanic
eruptions are well known for their cooling effects and impacts on rainfall, their
influence on wind has largely gone unnoticed—until now. A study by Shen et al. reveals how the largest eruptions of the past millennium caused a significant, albeit
temporary, slowdown in global near-surface winds, particularly in subtropical regions.
Volcanic aerosols can disrupt wind energy systems, posing challenges to the resilience
of renewable energy. As the world races toward a carbon-neutral future, these findings
highlight an overlooked climate risk, urging us to consider the delicate effect from
natural forces on renewable energy systems.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,train
Trends in Chemistry,6_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.png,C,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_6.txt,ave_2,6_6.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for Part II continues on from Part I, highlighting some
of the
milestones and many paths taken on the 'great career race' for early-career scientists
today. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this special issue are all aiming
to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become inspiring leaders
themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_8.txt,groundtruth,6_8.txt,"Whilst many often look to past giants to find that spark of inspiration,
there is something exciting in looking to the future. For our two-part fifth anniversary
special issue, Trends in Chemistry is amplifying rising stars and emerging leaders
in
chemistry today. Our cover for part 1 showcases the 'great career race' for early-career
scientists today, with key milestones towards promotion and the many paths that can
be taken on the road to success. Each running at their own pace, the authors in this
issue are all aiming to innovate with an impact, solve real-world problems and become
inspiring leaders themselves. Artwork credit: Phillip Krzeminski",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Chemistry/6_7.txt,allv2,6_7.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_9.png,D,"Defining the phenogenomic landscape of breast cancer
Bodenmiller and colleagues pair imaging mass cytometry with multiplatform genomics to define single-cell phenotypic and genomic features of breast cancer with spatial context, finding associations with breast cancer subtypes and prognosis.
See Ali et al. and Angelo
Image: H R Ali, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_11.txt,sbert,1_11.txt,"Stromal heterogeneity unraveled
Unravelling the dynamic changes in cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations during breast cancer progression.
See Friedman et al..
Image: Genia Brodsky & Scherz-Shouval lab, Weizmann Institute of Science. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Multiomics of metastatic breast cancer from the AURORA US Network
The AURORA US Metastasis Project presents a multiplatform resource of paired primary and metastatic breast cancers, to deepen insights into the molecular underpinnings of metastasis.
See Garcia-Recio et al.
Image: Sara Winter / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/4_12.txt,allv2,4_12.txt,"Piecing together the puzzle of breast cancer
Multi-omics analyses of breast tumor samples from Chinese patients add more pieces to the puzzle of breast cancer.
See Jiang et al.
Image: Qin-Xin Wang. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_9.txt,groundtruth,5_9.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_44,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_44.png,B,"There have been many recent advancements in regulating microenvironments to enhance CO2 conversion, focusing on copper-based catalysts, featuring strategies like single-atom catalyst design, particle size/facets/morphology control, confinement effects, and interfacial engineering to optimize active site density, control reactant/intermediate concentrations, and promote charge transfer processes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,"effective acid site density (a proposed parameter that correlates acid strength, density, and micropore volume) allows linking the impacts of different treatments (thermal, acid, alkaline, and agglomeration with bentonite and alumina) with their properties and reaction performance (conversion, yield, and deactivation by coke).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_44.txt,groundtruth,2024_44.txt,"The MTO catalyst was prepared by agglomeration of SAPO-34, bentonite, and alumina. Coke concentration profiles in a packed bed reactor (PBR) varied with time-on-stream. Samples of catalyst at various points of the bed were characterized by NH3-TPD, and evolution along the time-on-stream showed the changes in acid site concentration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_7.txt,allv2,2021_7.txt,"Lignin model compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid) and hardwood and softwood lignin samples were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide oxidation to evaluate methoxy substituents' effect in C4-DCA production (succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, and tartaric acids).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_43.txt,ave_2,2021_43.txt,train
Nature Water,3_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/3_1.png,C,"Open evapotranspiration data support water management
Annual evapotranspiration rates computed from OpenET for irrigated agricultural lands and wetland areas near the confluence of the Columbia and Snake rivers contrast with evapotranspiration from the surrounding shrubland and grassland ecosystems. OpenET uses satellite imagery and gridded meteorological data to provide publicly accessible evapotranspiration information to support data-driven water management. In this issue, the OpenET Consortium answers the question ‘how accurate is OpenET’ with model intercomparison and accuracy assessment of field-scale (30 m) evapotranspiration data from six satellite-driven models.
See Volk et al.
IMAGE: openetdata.org. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_11.txt,ave_2,2_11.txt,"Solid water
Water in solid form, including glaciers, snow, ice caps and permafrost, plays a crucial role in both the water and climate systems. The cover shows a stream flowing through the ice landscape on top of the Greenland ice sheet not far from the town of Kangerlussuaq, southwest Greenland. Each summer, a huge number of surface streams form on the Greenland ice sheet, transporting meltwater that influences the ice sheet's movement and eventually reaches the ocean, where it contributes to global sea level rise.
Credit: Image courtesy of Åsa Rennermalm. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_6.txt,ave_3,2_6.txt,"An all-water mission
Water observing and monitoring, both ground-based and space-based, are essential for understanding the water cycle and managing water resources. A recently launched space observatory, called the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides direct, high-resolution measurements of water elevation and volume across various water bodies, including open and coastal oceans (shown as coloured sea surface height anomalies), as well as lakes and rivers (displayed as water surface elevations), making it a truly comprehensive surface water mission. The image shows a snapshot of Earth’s surface water elevation from the SWOT satellite mission during its inaugural science orbit. Fully validated data is now publicly available for scientists to study changing water and energy cycles and for users to manage water resources worldwide.
See Vinogradova et al.
Image: NASA. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/3_1.txt,groundtruth,3_1.txt,"A deep look at lake surface temperatures
Lake surface water temperature is rising across the globe. Less than half of lake warming is due to surface air temperature (SAT) change, and accelerated evaporation causes slower lake warming compared to SAT. The image on the cover shows a composite of two Landsat images captured in July of different years (1987 for northeast and 2016 for southwest) from the same location (Ozero Neyto, Russia, and its surrounding sprawling lakes).
See Tong et al.
IMAGE: Lian Feng, Southern University of Science and Technology. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_21,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.png,A,"This Article focuses on the development of a highly stretchable and self-adhesive wearable biosensor based on nanozyme-catalyzed conductive hydrogels. The authors demonstrate the potential of this biosensor in monitoring electrophysiological signals, such as electromyography (EMG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, for applications in rehabilitation training and disease diagnosis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_21.txt,groundtruth,2024_21.txt,"Here a dual-network hydrogel flexible sensor produced from polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin offers exceptional ductility, self-adhesion, anti-bacteria, and high sensitivity for strain detection. The potential of this flexible sensor to detect body movements with transmitting underwater Morse code signals indicates a significant advancement for various monitoring applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_13.txt,allv2,2024_13.txt,"A textile-based flexible, scalable triboelectric nanogenerator is developed to be utilized for self-powered sensing applications, which can be fabricated on an industrial scale machine. The textile-based TENG uses textured yarn and fabric structural features to impart surface roughness and increase the contact area for enhanced triboelectric performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,"Nanoindentation and magnetic force microscopy offer a complementary approach to comprehensively characterize the mechanical and magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogels. These techniques play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between the structure, mechanical properties, and magnetic behavior, paving the way for tailored applications in various fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and responsive materials design.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.txt,ave_2,2024_23.txt,train
Cell Systems,15_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_1.png,B,"On the cover: “Gene maps,” where genes (dots) located closer together have similar
response patterns, shown for three mouse strains (columns) at six time points (rows)
during influenza A virus infection. Each map provides a genome-wide view of gene expression
levels (color-coded) of a single individual mouse. Using these maps, Cohn et al. (p.
1002–1015) identify two molecular host-defense programs, one associated with disease
tolerance and the other with immune resistance. Personalized quantification of these
programs reveals that the disease-tolerance state before infection is associated with
disease severity. Image credit: the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/13_1.txt,ave_3,13_1.txt,"On the cover: Illustration of immunity and vaccination. This issue of Cell Systems focuses on systems immunology and includes a variety of primary research articles,
reviews, perspectives, and short pieces on the topic. Image credit: Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/15_1.txt,groundtruth,15_1.txt,"On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the
COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes
our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/10_3.txt,allv2,10_3.txt,"On the cover: Whole from many layers. Cell Systems invites readers to explore our pages, where we aim to cover outstanding research
toward understanding diverse systems and how their parts work together to shape the
behavior of the whole. Image courtesy of Janet Iwasa (http://onemicron.com/).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Systems/1_6.txt,multiBv1,1_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Chemistry,8_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.png,C,"Single cluster catalysts (SCCs) bridge the gap between heterogeneous single atom catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts. They are typically less than 1 nm in size and comprise 2–20 atoms of one or more elements. The properties of SCCs can be finely tuned by controlling the composition or by inclusion of linkers and ligands. The cover image illustrates a variety of atomically precise SCCs with different heteroatoms anchored on a support. See Li et al.
Image: Jiong Lu Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"Carbon nanohoops (aka cycloparaphenylenes) are extraordinary structures with extraordinary properties. The shortest possible cross-sections of armchair carbon nanotubes, these structures were first pursued as challenging synthetic targets. Their preparation has led to myriad applications that exploit their unique optoelectronic and host–guest properties. See Leonhardt et al.
Image: Ramesh Jasti. Design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/3_1.txt,sbert,3_1.txt,"By mimicking the structure of cells, single- or multi-compartmented molecular nanoreactors have been developed. In their shells and pores of tuneable dimensions, catalytic sites can be embedded, making such nanoreactors a customisable material with applications in fields as diverse as phase separation, heterogeneous catalysis, energy storage, and bioengineering. For a discussion on the chemistry behind such nanoreactors, see Ma et al.
Image: Dongyuan Zhao; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/8_1.txt,groundtruth,8_1.txt,"Synthetic molecular cages are three-dimensional structures that are designed to recognize and bind specific molecules. Much like a key fitting into a lock, the cage captures molecules based on their size and shape. Researchers are especially interested in how these cages can help identify different sugars. Such cages can be useful in a variety of applications in science and medicine, from chemical detection to drug delivery, see Wu et al.
Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Chemistry/9_1.txt,ave_1,9_1.txt,val
ACS Nano,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_4.png,C,"Mass spectrometry under entirely atmospheric conditions is developed to characterize single nanoparticles and viruses by nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). To transport the analyte particles to the minuscule surface of the NEMS sensor, an on-chip focusing lens is integrated into the device to accumulate part of the incoming charge and deflect the incoming particle stream toward the NEMS sensor. The self-focusing, vacuum-free NEMS mass spectrometry technology enhances the capture efficiency of analytes by more than 2 orders of magnitude.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2022_10.txt,ave_3,2022_10.txt,Mass-throughput analysis of nanoparticles' morphologies is possible through the combination and optimization of various parameters in electron microscopy image analysis with genetic algorithms. The big data obtained through this method opens up opportunities for various statistical and ensemble studies on nanoparticles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2020_1.txt,ave_2,2020_1.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"This image depicts ""fuzzy"" silicon-shelled nanocapsules with a heterogeneous size distribution being ""weighed"" by charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a technique capable of individual particle mass measurements. This image was generated using iterative prompts to openart.ai.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_5.txt,allv2,2025_5.txt,train
CELL RESEARCH,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_3.png,B,"The image shows the tragic story of the Greek soldier Philippides, who brought the victory message of the battle of Marathon to Athens but died after 26 miles and 385 yards (42.195 km) exhaustive running. In fact, human muscle developed mitochondrial protein lactylation as a preventive mechanism for such disaster. See page 13–30 by Yunzi Mao et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_12.txt,allv2,34_12.txt,"The image depicts a story that happened during the Warring States. A senior general named Lian Po, loyal to King of the Zhao State, was given a chunk of meat and became re-energized. The cover paper reports that the catabolism of the amino acid glutamine can replenish energy when glucose is depleted. See page 683–706 by Mengqi Li et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,"The image shows a Chinese fairy tale, the “Blue Bird as a messenger”, wherein Blue Bird delivers messages for Xiwangmu (the Immortal Queen Mother). The Blue Bird is reminiscent of famsin, a novel gut-secreted hormone, which mediates communication between the intestine and other organs to promote metabolic adaptations to fasting and enhance animal survival when food is scarce. See page 273–287 by Aijun Long et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/33_9.txt,ave_2,33_9.txt,"Necroptosis, the death traded for regeneration. See page 1063-1077 by Shen’ao Zhou et al. for details.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/CELL RESEARCH/30_1.txt,multiBv1,30_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_13,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_13.png,A,"Two articles in this issue, by Carrie Lucas and the STAT6 Gain-of-Function International
Consortium, respectively, discuss human inborn errors of immunity. For instance, the
STAT6 Gain-of-Function International Consortium (Stuart Turvey and colleagues) address
how recent findings and mechanisms of STAT6 germline heterozygous gain-of-function
rare variants cause a broad and severe clinical phenotype of early-onset, multi-system
human allergic disease. New findings of human inborn errors of immunity may help identify
possible targeted treatment approaches. Image credit: GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_13.txt,groundtruth,45_13.txt,"Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in
humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover
image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/37_3.txt,allv2,37_3.txt,"Immunity varies with age, reflecting unique age-dependent challenges including fetal
gestation, the neonatal phase and infancy. On pages 299–310, Dowling and Levy review
the ontogeny of early life immunity, with a focus on current and emerging methodologies
in the area. On the cover is a Matryoshka doll, representing the recently appreciated
features of the early life “layered immune system”, with specific functional biases
at different stages of immune development. Image courtesy of David Dowling. Photo
credit: Christine Wehrmeier/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/35_6.txt,ave_2,35_6.txt,"In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on
human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects
of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems
balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the
occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images
Plus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/43_11.txt,multiBv1,43_11.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,4_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.png,C,"On the cover: In this issue, Kim et al. combine a black box optimizer with a white box logical model to create a gray box
framework for predicting anti-cancer drug responses. The cover image depicts silver
cubes representing the gray box framework. Cover image courtesy gettyimages/Iana Kunitsa.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_8.txt,allv2,4_8.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,sbert,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Shinde et al. present CMI-PB, a data resource and challenge contest to develop computational models
predicting vaccine responses. The cover image draws inspiration from the “blind man
and elephant” parable, showing blindfolded scientists each bringing their own expertise
to solve a multifaceted systems biology problem represented by the elephant and involving
the multi-omics datatypes represented at the top. Courtesy: Unsplash (Wolfgang Hasselmann)
and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.txt,groundtruth,4_10.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,multiBv1,5_1.txt,train
Nature Protocols,19_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/19_5.png,A,"Illuminating the mechanisms of small-molecule-induced protein proximity and degradation
Small-molecule-induced ternary complexes of NanoLuciferase (NLuc)-fused E3 ligase and a HaloTag-fused neosubstrate are shown. The induced proximity between the two proteins leads to bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between the blue luminescent NLuc and the pink BRET acceptor. The formation of these ternary complexes leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the neosubstrates by the proteasome as shown in the background.
Image : Martin Schwalm, Goethe University Frankfurt. Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_5.txt,groundtruth,19_5.txt,"Probing the molecular context of proteins
This cover illustrates the applicability of the MAC (Multiple Approaches Combined)-tag system to probe the interactome and molecular context of the protein of interest. In this issue, Liu et al. describe a streamlined AP-MS and BioID protocol and a data analysis web tool that, together, provide an easy to way to interpret the subcellular distribution of any protein of interest.
See Liu et al.
Image: Ella Marushenko and Kate Zvorykina (Ella Maru Studio). Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/15_3.txt,multiBv1,15_3.txt,"The cover image depicts a two-dimensional cubic lattice that conceptually mimics a crystal lattice in protein crystals. A protein structure (galactoside O-acetyltransferase; PDB 5V0Z) is shown here in dark red, with possible metal-binding sites highlighted in yellow. The image related to the protocol by Handing et al. (doi:10.1038/nprot.2018.018) was designed by Kasia Handing, Heping Zheng and David Cooper. Cover design by Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/13_8.txt,allv2,13_8.txt,"Fibroblast cell forming filopodia on nanopatterns
Scanning electron microscope image (pseudo-color) of a fibroblast cell forming filopodia along nanofibers functionalized by the integrin-binding peptide Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD). The nanopatterns are arrays of 20-nm-wide lines with 80-nm center-to-center distance in each line pair. Functionalization of ligands on titanium nanopatterns enables super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to study cell–ligand interactions at the molecular scale.
See Jain et al.
Image: Haogang Cai, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_3.txt,ave_2,17_3.txt,test
ACS Sustainable Resource Management,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.png,B,Sustainable bio-upcycling of functional resources from ubiquitous industrial and municipal wastes into ameliorated designer bioamphiphile with tuned interfacial interactions mechanisms for trace bisphenol A removal from multifaceted municipal landfill leachate. This image was created using an Artificial Intelligence program: Microsoft Image Creator.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,"A novel stepwise alkaline route of ion-adsorption rare earth low-level radioactive residues enabled a substantial reduction in inventory and radioactivity, enrichment of rare earth elements, and resource recovery of valuable Al and U.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_12.txt,allv2,2024_12.txt,The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_7.txt,ave_3,2024_7.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Education,2022_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2022_9.png,A,"This work presents an immersive molecular simulation tool (Manta) based on VR technology, which enables students to explore the “real” molecular structures and chemical reactions on-the-fly. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2022_9.txt,groundtruth,2022_9.txt,"""STArt! teaching Science Through Art"" by Susana Maria Halpine discusses a program using an artist-in-residence format that provides in-service classroom presentations for grades one through twelve, based on content standards and teacher input. Molecular visualization is taught using narrative discussions, handheld models, visualization software, and art workshops. The third-grade workshop topics range from chlorophyll to fuel cells. In the foreground, third graders from the Coeur d'Alene Avenue Elementary School in Venice, California look under the hood of a fuel-cell powered car. The background artwork shows a ""Rainbow Limousine Fuel Cell Car"", designed by a third-grade student as part of a ""Cars of the Future"" workshop, and ""Water Molecules in Rain Drops"", drawn by a third-grade student as part of a ""Molecules in the Food Chain"" workshop.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2004_3.txt,sbert,2004_3.txt,"Four commercial reagents, mixed in D2O at room temperature, spontaneously form a tetrahedral cage for direct NMR analysis without workup or purification. This self-assembled structure encapsulates small, nonpolar molecules (such as cyclohexane, shown) and is held together by dynamic C=N and N→Fe bonds. In “Self-Assembly, Guest Capture, and NMR Spectroscopy of a Metal–Organic Cage in Water” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00714), Eun Bin Go, Veerasak Srisuknimit, Stephanie L. Cheng, and David A. Vosburg describe an advanced laboratory experiment for undergraduates to create the cage and explore its host–guest chemistry by 1H and DOSY NMR. After this laboratory experience, students effectively related organic chemistry with molecular self-assembly, supramolecular chemistry, and host–guest interactions. (Molecular modeling courtesy of Tanya K. Ronson)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2016_11.txt,multiBv1,2016_11.txt,"Experimental methods for determining 3-D atomic structures, such as crystallography, are not commonly taught in the undergraduate curriculum, yet are crucial for 3-D structure determination in a research setting. In ""Teaching Crystallography by Determining Small Molecule Structures and 3-D Printing: An Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Module"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00206), Jacob P. Brannon, Isaac Ramirez, DaShawn Williams, Gregory A. Barding, Yan Liu, Kathryn M. McCulloch, Perumalreddy Chandrasekaran, and S. Chantal E. Stieber discuss a new approach for teaching crystallography to advanced undergraduates through a laboratory module incorporating microscopic evaluation of crystals, structure determination of an organometallic complex, and 3-D printing of structure files found in the literature. Although a fully physical understanding of crystallography takes years of practice, practical applications and basic interpretation of small-molecule crystallography can be readily integrated into undergraduate curricula to give students a research-like laboratory experience.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2020_5.txt,allv2,2020_5.txt,train
Nature Reviews Neurology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_1.png,B,"Decisions, decisions…, inspired by the Review on p515.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/18_4.txt,allv2,18_4.txt,"The digital clinic, inspired by the Perspective on p738
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Systemic support for the brain, inspired by the Review on p647.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_2.txt,multiBv1,20_2.txt,"Spectrum of disease, inspired by the Review on p602.
Cover design: Amie Fernandez",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Neurology/20_3.txt,sbert,20_3.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_10.png,C,"The mouse is a prevailing system to model normal and disordered human hematopoiesis.
However, due to genetic, epigenetic and molecular inter-species differences, these
models incompletely recapitulate important human biological features. On pages 199–210
in this issue, Beer and Eaves discuss the advantages and limitations of current mouse
models and reflect on the potential of emergent genetic engineering technologies,
cell reprograming and humanized mice as valuable tools to advance research in blood
cancers. Cover design by Angelina Yanushkevich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"The emergence of oncogenic driver mutations and clinically available signaling pathway
inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
However, treatment with targeted therapies against these drivers is often temporary,
with therapeutic resistance often emerging. Recent studies have focused on targeting
infrequent drivers; however, similar resistance to such inhibitors also emerges, leaving
advanced NSCLC largely incurable. In this issue, Nokin et al. (pages 410–429) review the biology of infrequent oncogenic drivers of NSCLC and current
and emerging therapeutic options for these patients. Cover designed by Danielle Loughlin
and adapted from gettyimages/soberve.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/7_9.txt,sbert,7_9.txt,"Many therapeutic strategies that are positive in preclinical mice
experiments fail in human clinical trials due to biological differences between mice
and humans. In this issue, Joshi et al. propose using pigs as alternative animals for
preclinical testing due to their many similarities shared with humans. In particular,
the
Oncopig model is likely to play a key role in developing novel cancer therapeutics.
Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/Danielle D. Hughson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_10.txt,groundtruth,10_10.txt,"Experimental cancer models often lack the complexity and heterogeneity of human tumors.
On pages 634–642 in this issue, Grandori and Kemp discuss approaches combining genomics
with high throughput functional testing of patient derived tumor organoids to overcome
key roadblocks in drug target discovery and precision medicine. Cover design by iStock/ChrisGorgio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_4.txt,multiBv1,4_4.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_10.png,A,"On the cover: The image depicts the mitochondrial network as the tree of life. When
our cells are young, mitophagy constantly works to prune its branches and keep the
tree healthy. In this abstraction, mitophagy events are depicted as spheres emanating
from the tree on the left. With age, mitophagy stops working, leaving behind the old
fruitless deadwood which can no longer support cellular functions (as visualized by
the tree on the right). To learn more about how loss of mitochondrial quality control
drives aging, see Kelly et al. Image credit: Hanna Salmonowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_10.txt,groundtruth,59_10.txt,"On the cover: Autophagy working hard to maintain mitochondrial quality. Actively respiring
mitochondria (shown here in blue) require constant maintenance. This plasticine abstraction
depicts how damaged (red) mitochondria trigger activation of nuclear NADases depleting
NAD+ (glitter), in turn causing depolarization of mitochondria. If allowed to persist,
this cycle would ultimately kill the cell. To learn more about the role of autophagy
in the maintenance of NAD+, see Kataura et al. on pp. 2584–2598. Image credit: Hanna
Salmonowicz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_3.txt,ave_2,57_3.txt,"On the cover: An artist's rendition of mitochondrial age mosaicism and heterogeneity.
Mitochondria in neurons and muscle fibers display considerable heterogeneity in organelle
turnover, with many mitochondria that are long lived. The cover illustrates this finding
as a watercolor mosaic of fall foliage made of “mitochondria” as trees, all painted
in different fall colors to indicate their heterogeneity in age. To learn more about
mitochondrial heterogeneity and long-lived proteins in mitochondria, see Krishna et
al. on pp. 2952–2965.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_4.txt,allv2,56_4.txt,"On the cover: The nervous system orchestrates whole-body metabolism and influences
aging by integrating extrinsic and intrinsic signals from the environment and communicating
with peripheral tissues. This image depicts the power of just two chemosensory neurons
of C. elegans in the control of organismal-wide mitochondrial homeostasis. This neuronal control
of stress communication enables animals to respond to stresses from challenging environments.
To learn more about how these sensory neurons can coordinate mitochondrial stress
response pathways, see Liu et al., pp. 2469–2482. Image credit: Rui Xie.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_4.txt,ave_3,57_4.txt,val
Trendsin Neurosciences,47_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_11.png,B,"Although the corpus callosum is the largest fiber tract in the mammalian brain, the
mechanisms underlying its development remain poorly understood. The final steps of
callosal wiring, contralateral targeting, are perhaps the least studied, despite their
importance in formation of correct and functional circuits. On pages 264–272 of this
issue, Fenlon and Richards discuss recent progress in this field, highlight significant
areas for future study and emphasize the potential significance of contralateral callosal
targeting in pathological brain conditions. The cover depicts a coronal section from
a mouse brain, with a mountain landscape superimposed. The horizon follows the pathway
of the corpus callosum along which a lone hiker is shown taking the final steps of
his journey into the darkness of night. In their article, Fenlon and Richards discuss
the final steps of callosal axons in finding their ultimate, contralateral, targets,
a process also shrouded in the darkness of the unknown. Cover Image: Laura R. Fenlon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/38_9.txt,multiBv1,38_9.txt,"The locus coeruleus is a small brainstem nucleus that sends
neuromodulatory projections to much of the mammalian brain. As discussed in an
Opinion article by Rebecca Jordan in this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, the locus
coeruleus has recently been shown to report many types of prediction error, making
it
a likely site for reporting global model failures: incidences where the brain’s predictions
about the environment are strongly violated. The cover image shows a mouse locus
coeruleus inside a pupil (an indicator of locus coeruleus activity) monitoring neurons
of the brain (represented as triangles, or stars in the sky) for prediction errors.
Cover
design by Rebecca Jordan; photo credits for the iris image: John M Lund Photography
Inc/Getty Images",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/47_11.txt,groundtruth,47_11.txt,"Pyramidal neurons with active dendritic properties are found ubiquitously across the
neocortex. On pages 141–151, Matthew Larkum presents the hypothesis that both the
cellular properties and architecture of the cortex are tightly coupled, suggesting
a powerful operating principle of the cortex. The cover image shows layer 5 neocortical
pyramidal cells from different regions of the cortex coding for orientation, color
and form (of a tiger) while receiving feedback input (context) to the dendrites. An
artist's impression of a dendritic spike is shown in one of the pyramidal cells. Cover
design: Thomas Splettstoesser. Credit for the cloud image: Chris Schwarz (Shutterstock.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/36_10.txt,sbert,36_10.txt,"Cingulate cortex serves as a hub for the flexible control and adaptation of behavior.
While there is general agreement that cingulate cortex contains several distinct subregions,
the way these regions have been defined varies widely. In this issue of Trends in Neurosciences, van Heukelum et al. highlight a crucial but so far little-discussed discrepancy in cingulate cortex partitioning
systems across mammals: The definition most commonly used in rats and mice is incompatible
with that applied in all other mammals, resulting in spurious structural and functional
differences across species. An alternative but so far rarely used definition in rodents
aligns findings across species while also better matching the structural and functional
organization within rodent cingulate cortex itself. The cover image shows popular
definitions of cingulate cortex subregions (in red and blue) across four species.
While in humans, primates and rabbits, cingulate cortex is partitioned along the rostro-caudal
axis, in rats and mice the border is often drawn exactly perpendicularly! Cover image
by Sabrina van Heukelum and Martha N. Havenith.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trendsin Neurosciences/43_8.txt,allv2,43_8.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_1.png,C,"Hypothalamic aging in the female brain
In this issue, Hajdarovic, Yu et al use single-nucleus sequencing of young and old mouse hypothalamus to better understand age-related changes in the female brain. They report that expression of the master regulator of X-chromosome inactivation, XIST, increases with age, pointing towards a role of X-chromosome inactivation in the aging female brain. The cover image shows nuclei forming an X chromosome.
See Hajdarovic et al.
Cover image: Kaitlyn Hajdarovic, Brown University. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,"Aging well for Australia’s First Nations
The July cover features artwork by an Indigenous Australian artist, Danielle Burford, who describes the work as “a tribute to one of our oldest living reptiles, the green sea turtle, elders of the sea, who carry with them the wisdom of ages. A journey of life connected to the sea and knowledge passed down through generations, as is our culture”. The artwork was selected for inclusion in the project report Sharing the Wisdom of Our Elders to represent the themes identified in the Koori Growing Old Well Study (https://www.neura.edu.au/sharingthewisdom/). Two of the project’s investigators from Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) have penned a World View article on aging well among Indigenous Australians, which is featured in this issue of Nature Aging.
See World View
Image: Artwork by Danielle Burford. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_6.txt,ave_3,1_6.txt,"Focus on reproductive aging
Reproductive aging is an important determinant of fertility span and overall health and wellbeing in older age. In this issue, Nature Aging presents a series of reviews and opinion pieces on recent advances and future directions in reproductive aging research. The cover image shows seasonally colored trees — a springtime tree in green, and autumn trees in brilliant yellow and red — that represent different stages of reproductive physiology in aging.
See Editorial
Image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_1.txt,groundtruth,4_1.txt,"Aging in unity
The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging.
See Editorial
Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_5.png,A,"Traditional approaches to understand mental health in cancer survivors
often involve the classification of psychopathology into discrete disorders. However,
this approach has faced mounting criticism. In this issue, Haywood et al. propose that
the hierarchical dimensional approach (HiTOP model) diminishes stigma, considers
the individual holistically, and offers a more reliable clinical assessment. The cover
depicts the artist’s mother, a cancer survivor who struggled with mental health post-treatment.
The setting is dark, but in white, an outline of her brain emerges, and from
there, an array of neurons which symbolizes the mind. The image of the neurons
slowly unravels to demonstrate the complexity of the mind as well as the unique
confusion and pain that cancer survivors struggle with. Cover design by Caroline Cha,
VI4 Artist-in-Residence Program.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_5.txt,groundtruth,10_5.txt,"Cancer is personal. It touches the lives of many and changes them forever. As a scientist,
it is easy to forget the bigger reason for cancer research as we dive ever so deeper
into mechanisms. In this issue, Danielle Loughlin, the new Editor of Trends in Cancer, outlines her vision for the journal going forward. She hopes that Trends in Cancer can prove as a reminder that the ultimate purpose of cancer research is to cure more
patients, and that the content published sparks new ideas that will provide leads
to better treatment systems. Cover image courtesy of gettyimages/Hiroshi Watanabe.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/6_10.txt,allv2,6_10.txt,"Decades of cancer research have led to remarkable treatment breakthroughs
that have yielded major responses in patients with a variety of cancers, but not all
sections of society have benefitted equally from these advances. This special issue
of Trends in Cancer examines the factors that underpin cancer health disparities in
racial and ethnic minorities and other underserved populations. Articles describe
the
multiple types of determinants, including biological/genetic, environmental, behavioral,
health care, and social determinants that contribute to cancer health disparities.
The
cover depicts inequities in cancer incidence and survival based on biological factors
and genetic ancestry (a tree with healthy growth versus that of a dying tree), race
and
ethnicity, environmental exposures and quality medical care. The left side of the
image
depicts factors that are often associated with a lower risk of cancer and a higher
survival
rate from cancer, while the right side of the image depicts factors that can drive
health
disparities. Cover design by Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_10.txt,ave_1,8_10.txt,"Cancer is multifaceted. The wide landscape of intratumoral heterogeneity renders every
tumor unique and presents a complex therapeutic challenge. Clonal diversity is a major
determinant of diagnosis, disease progression and response to therapy. On pages 231–241
in this issue, Jacoby et al. discuss recent genome-sequencing efforts to probe intratumor heterogeneity and weight
on the clinical value of monitoring subclonal evolution. On pages 242–251, Zhang and
Rosen examine the layered network of subclonal cellular interactions and its impact
in the design of tailored combinatorial therapies. Cover design by Angelina Yanushkevich.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/1_1.txt,multiBv1,1_1.txt,test
Macromolecules,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_24.png,B,"Top left: schematic of the dual-cross-link hydrogels with permanent (red) and dynamic (green) cross-link points. Reprinted from: Mayumi, K.; Marcellan, A.; Ducouret, G.; Creton, C.; Narita, T. Stress–Strain Relationship of Highly Stretchable Dual Cross-Link Gels: Separability of Strain and Time Effect. ACS Macro Lett. 2013, 2 (12), 1065−1068. Top right: scission of sacrificial bonds from a multiple network elastomer detected with chemoluminescent molecules. Adapted from: Ducrot, E.; Chen, Y.; Bulters, M.; Sijbesma, R. P.; Creton, C. Toughening Elastomers with Sacrificial Bonds and Watching Them Break. Science 2014, 344 (6180), 186−189. Bottom right: schematic of the structure of ionically cross-linked gels. Reprinted from: Li, J.; Illeperuma, W. R. K.; Suo, Z.; Vlassak, J. J. Hybrid Hydrogels with Extremely High Stiffness and Toughness. ACS Macro Lett. 2014, 3 (6), 520−523. Bottom left: schematic of a nanocomposite hydrogel with chemical cross-link points and physically adsorbed chains on the particles. Reprinted from: Rose, S.; Dizeux, A.; Narita, T.; Hourdet, D.; Marcellan, A. Time Dependence of Dissipative and Recovery Processes in Nanohybrid Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2013, 46 (10), 4095−4104. Center: photograph of the cutting of a double network gel. Courtesy of GONG Jian Ping, Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, University of Hokkaido. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2017_4.txt,allv2,2017_4.txt,"Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with varying degrees of crosslinking, including ultra-low self-crosslinking, were systematically investigated using a combination of light and X-ray scattering techniques, supported by numerical simulations, across their volume phase transition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"A robust, macroscopically anisotropic double-network (A-DN) hydrogel has been developed by combining the first anisotropic, physically cross-linked network of semi-rigid PBDT and the second chemically cross-linked network of flexible PAAm through the double-network technology. Owing to the cooperative orientation of the self-assembled bundle structure of PBDTs, the A-DN gel shows a very sensitive and strong birefringence change upon deformation, independent of the initial PBDT orientation. See page 3542.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2011_16.txt,multiBv1,2011_16.txt,"Polyelectrolyte−surfactant (PES) complexes (PES-C) form structures ranging from pearl necklace to colloidal coacervates of different sizes. The process of complexation of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes with surfactants is controlled by a large number of parameters; therefore, understanding the dependence of these parameters on self-assembly and dynamics is important in designing materials for industry specific applications. Here a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach is used to relate the effect of polyelectrolyte backbone charge density to self-assembly. Increasing charge density, starting from top left panel, enhances the self-assembly from pearl necklace to coacervate with most of the surfactant micelle agglomerated with the polyelectrolyte. The background image is a cartoon of soap bubble representative of surfactant micelle.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2015_1.txt,sbert,2015_1.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,17_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/17_2.png,D,"Bigging up aromaticity
Benzene is the archetypal aromatic molecule and it satisfies Hückel's 4n + 2 rule with its 6 π-electrons (n = 1). In a study that explores the limits of aromaticity, Harry Anderson and co-workers have now shown that Hückel's rule holds true for a large wheel-like compound in which 12 zinc porphyrins are linked together with diyne groups. In the 6+ oxidation state, the 162 π-electrons (n = 40) are delocalized around the porphyrin wheel, which is shown on the cover with two template molecules stacked inside it to form a stable 2:1 complex.
See Rickhaus et al
IMAGE: Harry Anderson, University of Oxford. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_10.txt,allv2,12_10.txt,"Arene addition
1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions are well known transformations in organic synthesis, however, the reactivity of benzene rings in these processes is underexplored. Now, a team led by Valery V. Fokin has shown that diazoalkenes — generated in situ from lithium acetylides and N-sulfonyl azides — can undergo intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with aromatic rings. The process provides a route for the synthesis of medicinally relevant heterocycles. The cover shows an artistic representation of an aromatic ring reacting with a diazoalkene.
See Aggarwal et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/15_7.txt,multiBv1,15_7.txt,"Favoured functionalization for fettered fullerene
Adding two groups to C60 through Bingel cyclopropanation can lead to the formation of many different isomers that can be challenging to separate. Now, using a supramolecular masking approach that relies on the formation of a three-shell complex reminiscent of the concept of Russian dolls, Xavi Ribas, Max von Delius and co-workers have shown that it is possible to selectively form the trans-3 fullerene bis-adduct. As shown on the cover of this issue, the C60 is encircled by a cycloparaphenylene nanohoop which, in turn, is encapsulated inside a self-assembled metal–organic nanocapsule, ensuring that bis-functionalization of the fullerene occurs only at accessible sites to give a single isomeric product.
See Ubasart et al.
Image credit: Image courtesy of Dr. Johannes Richers, Jo Richers Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/13_8.txt,sbert,13_8.txt,"Four-electron reduction of benzene
The reduction of benzene by molecular complexes remains a significant synthetic challenge, and it typically requires harsh reaction conditions involving group 1 metals. Now, a team led by Mathew Anker and Laurent Maron has shown that a highly polar organometallic samarium alkyl complex enables the four-electron reduction of benzene without the need for a group 1 metal. An artistic rendering of this reaction is pictured on the cover.
See Anker, Maron et al.
Image: Matthew Evans, Monash University. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/17_2.txt,groundtruth,17_2.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_398,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_398.png,D,"COVER This week's Focus Issue contains an Editorial Guide on modulation of the immune response, as well as four Perspectives. The image depicts resolution of an inflammatory response. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_384.txt,ave_2,2007_384.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published in conjunction with the Science Special Collection on Decision-Making, highlights cellular decision-making events (see the Editorial Guide). The image depicts a neuronal stem cell and its potential fates of a glia or a neuron. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_410.txt,multiBv1,2007_410.txt,"ONLINE COVER During the month of July, Science Signaling published a series of articles on the topic of lymphocyte regulation. The series culminates this week in a Focus Issue that highlights research and commentary on the mechanisms by which T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells are regulated so that they mount an effective immune response without causing damage to the host. The image shows a collection of immune cells as they circulate through the blood. [Image: Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_235.txt,allv2,5_235.txt,"COVER This week's Focus Issue, published to complement the Science Special Issue on Challenges in Immunology, contains an Editorial Guide, a Review, and two Perspectives that discuss signals that affect the fate and responsiveness of T lymphocytes. The image depicts the activation of a naïve CD4+ T lymphocyte by a dendritic cell and its subsequent expansion and differentiation into a long-lived memory cell. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_398.txt,groundtruth,2007_398.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_5.png,D,"On the cover: The cover image is an artistic representation of how butterfly-shaped
dimers of the Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 combine and structurally transform to
create the VP40 octameric ring. Landeras-Bueno et al. find that this transformation
is triggered by binding sequences in the 3′ UTR of cellular mRNA. This dependency
on host cell RNA suggests a potential for therapeutic disruption of the virus life
cycle. Image by Christina Corbaci.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/35_12.txt,multiBv1,35_12.txt,"On the cover: RNA targeting to subcellular compartments allows restricted protein
expression. In neurons, RNA is localized to the axonal compartments where it can be
rapidly translated in response to extracellular signals such as neurotrophins. In
this issue, Andreassi et al. describe how axonal mechanisms of RNA processing do not
mirror RNA metabolism in the cell body. The image is an artistic elaboration of single
molecule FISH for RNA isoforms harboring long 3' UTRs that are cleaved in axons after
localization. Image by Catia Andreassi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/34_6.txt,allv2,34_6.txt,"On the cover: JMJD3 plays a key role in adult neurogenesis from postnatal and adult
subventricular zone neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, gumballs in the vending machine
depict NSCs in the adult brain, which require JMJD3 for activation of neurogenic gene
expression to produce neurons. In this issue, Park et al. report that the histone
H3 lysine 27 demethylase JMJD3 is required for adult neurogenesis by resolving the
poised state of key transcriptional regulatory elements, including enhancers, in adult
NSCs throughout life. Artwork by Hyo Sook Lee, Dipl.-Ing.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/8_2.txt,sbert,8_2.txt,"On the cover: The process of alternative polyadenylation is dynamically regulated
during development and cell fate determination. In this issue, Liu et al. determine the molecular mechanism by which the RNA-binding protein PQBP1 orchestrates
dynamic mRNA-3'UTR changes during neurogenesis. The cover depicts an ancient Chinese
mythical creature, the Vermilion Bird. The short tails represent the short 3'UTRs
in neural stem cells in contrast to the long tails representing extended 3'UTRs in
mature neurons. Concept and artwork: Zi Chao Zhang, Xian Liu, and Xinyu Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_5.txt,groundtruth,43_5.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_18,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.png,D,Vinyl-substituted cyclic carbonates are converted under ambient conditions via palladium catalysis affording unusual compounds with densely functionalized quaternary carbon centers. This new decarboxylative transformation is based on a domino/cascade process with the carbonate providing both the electrophilic and nucleophilic reaction partner for the cross-coupling process.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2018_41.txt,multiBv1,2018_41.txt,"An azide-functionalized chloro(pyridine)cobaloxime was immobilized on a hydrazone-based covalent organic framework backbone, revealing improved and prolonged photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with respect to the equivalent physisorbed counterparts. This all-single-site hybrid catalytic system is promising for future solar fuel technologies based on earth-abundant hydrogen evolution co-catalysts. See Lotsch and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02155",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_23.txt,sbert,2020_23.txt,"Electrocatalysis on sulfur redox reactions is key to high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. In this work, a semi-immobilized molecular electrocatalyst is proposed to ensure the active sites with both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic functions, which is visually presented as the seabed corals in the cover art.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2021_5.txt,allv2,2021_5.txt,This work reveals an epitaxy-like conversion reaction mechanism through electrochemical intercalation chemistry. This illustration depicts the self-evolved robust layer-interlaced nanostructure of an R3m-type bismuth electrode for hosting chlorine.  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_18.txt,groundtruth,2024_18.txt,train
One Earth,7_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/One Earth/7_6.png,A,"On the cover: Land is a finite resource, yet as the human population grows our demands
on land are ever increasing. Parcels of land have undergone multiple transformations,
and unsustainable land management practices have negatively impacted both people and
planet. Cover: Development plans on rural valley. Rupert King, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_6.txt,groundtruth,7_6.txt,"On the cover: Soil, the earth beneath our feet, provides essential ecological services
for all life on Earth, but it is under immense pressure from anthropogenic activities.
Yet before we can effectively manage, protect, and restore our soils, we must first
develop a comprehensive understanding of soil health. Getty, Kami (Kuo, Jia-Wei).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/7_1.txt,ave_2,7_1.txt,"On the cover: Protecting the planet against further harm is critical, now more than
ever. To address the complex, interrelated, socio-environmental challenges threatening
societies and ecosystems, we need governance for sustainability. Image credit: Baac3nes
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/5_7.txt,allv2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: A growing population and rapid urbanization are fueling an expanding
construction and building sector, with global building floor area and infrastructure
expected to double and triple by 2060. Existing practices within these sectors are,
however, carbon and material intensive and exert significant pressures on the environment
and society. There is an urgent need to adopt circular and more sustainable approaches
and for all relevant stakeholders from across the building and construction value
chain to unite to build net-zero and sustainable living spaces for all. Image: Scaffolding.
Leontura, Getty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/One Earth/6_2.txt,multiBv1,6_2.txt,val
innovation,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_1.png,B,"On the cover: Meat quality, an economically important trait in the pig industry, is
a determining factor in the overall acceptability of eating quality, which is closely
related to fatty acid (FA) compositions. Muscle FA composition is governed by heredity,
age, diet, and feeding environment. In recent decades, the role of the gut microbiota
in host lipid metabolism has been widely confirmed in germ-free models. On this cover
story, scientists transplanted obese Ningxiang pigs’ fecal microbiota into the lean
Duroc Landrace Yorkshire (DLY) pigs, leading to higher muscle FA content and meat
quality. Obese Ningxiang pig-derived Lactobacillus reuteri has been identified as a key microbiota to manipulate the muscle FA deposition by
targeting SLC22A5-mediated carnitine metabolism. These novel findings provide a new
potential microbial strategy for muscle FA-based meat quality management.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/4_2.txt,allv2,4_2.txt,"On the cover: The history of pig domestication is fascinating and closely connected
to agriculture and biomedicine. Throughout history, pigs have primarily been raised
for meat purposes, featured in various popular cuisines worldwide. Advancements in
gene editing technologies have facilitated the rapid development of genetically modified
pigs. For biomedical purposes, researchers can create pig models that accurately mimic
human diseases by introducing targeted genetic modifications, thereby enhancing the
understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays,
genetically modified pigs are being explored as potential organ donors for xenotransplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,"On the cover: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage
liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical
for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under
immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor
Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal
clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune
rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive
treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant
patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages
of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection
and proactive intervention of graft rejection were identified. On these findings,
Peng's team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more
refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/5_4.txt,ave_3,5_4.txt,"On the cover: Medicine is the practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
of disease. With the advances in medical science, human beings have both longer life
spans and a higher quality of life. From herbs to molecular signatures, humankind
is experiencing a transition from traditional medicine to personalized medicine: the
right treatment to the right patient at the right time. However, the etiology of most
diseases and disorders is still unclear. From description to association, numerous
researchers are working together to decipher the mechanisms behind disease. To address
such challenges, more and more global collaborations are needed that include experts
from all disciplines—not just doctors, scientists, and administration staff but also
engineers, technicians, and marketing managers. Not limited to a fish-eye view, humans
should widen our vision to gain insight beyond the human community to assure sustainable
healthcare.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/innovation/3_4.txt,ave_2,3_4.txt,train
ACS Nano,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Nano/2025_6.png,C,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,"Arrays of high-aspect-ratio nanopillars direct stem cell growth and patterning via tunable geometrical cues built into the biomaterial surface. Nanopillar arrays of specific order, spacing, and aspect ratio induce predictable morphologies including neuron-like polarization and directional outgrowth of cellular processes. Mechanobiological cues are thus programmed into diverse biomaterials by tuning the geometrical properties of the surface structures. Read the full article on p 6222. Image courtesy of Mike Bucaro, Benjamin Hatton, and Joanna Aizenberg.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2012_6.txt,ave_2,2012_6.txt,"Optical forces are utilized to enable the rapid and controllable transport of subcellular structures, such as organelles, within the natural tunneling nanotube structures between cells, which serve as biological conveyor belts.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,"Magnetite nanodiscs decorating axons extending from a sensory neuronal structure dorsal root ganglion in vitro revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Switching from the vortex to in-plane magnetization state enabled the nanodiscs to transduce torques to the membranes of mechanosensitive neurons and, thus, to trigger their activity via remotely applied magnetic fields.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Nano/2020_6.txt,ave_3,2020_6.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,56_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_2.png,B,"Genetics of cannabis use disorder
Genetic analysis identifies risk loci for cannabis use disorder and shows overlap with impulsivity and psychopathology.
See Levey et al.
Image: Olena Ruban/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/55_1.txt,ave_3,55_1.txt,"Genomic analysis of brain volumes
A genome-wide association analysis of intracranial and subcortical brain volumes identifies 254 loci and yields polygenic scores accounting for brain variation across ancestries.
See García-Marín et al.
Image: Mauricio Guzman Araiza, Altamira Studio. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_2.txt,groundtruth,56_2.txt,"A multi-population atlas of genetic associations
A Manhattan plot of cross-population genome-wide association studies is depicted as a traditional Japanese painting called a ‘ukiyoe’. Three origami cranes facing each other represent three global populations studied (Japan, UK and Finland), highlighting the importance of multi-ancestry analyses in human genetic studies.
SeeSakaue et al.
Image: Keisuke Itoh. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/53_3.txt,ave_2,53_3.txt,"Regional brain volumes and structure
There is a genetic contribution that influences brain-region volumes and brain structure. GWAS in large-scale, deeply phenotyped cohorts have uncovered loci associated with these complex neurological traits.
See Satizabal et al. Zhao et al.
Image: Erin Dewalt. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/51_2.txt,allv2,51_2.txt,train
Matter,7_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/7_1.png,D,"On the cover: This month's cover reflects accelerated and bespoke materials design
in the era of machine learning, with particular focus on downstream CO2-to-fuel processes, vertically integrated and interwoven by AI-powered automation.
See related Perspective by Ozin and colleagues (p. 1334–1347).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_8.txt,ave_2,6_8.txt,"On the cover: This cover features luminous 3D networks and swirling color trails against
a matrix of elliptical forms, symbolizing the innovative exploration of materials'
properties through computational modeling. In this issue, Prof. Simon Billinge from Columbia University explore the concept of a genome as applied to materials. The image symbolizes how
different ways of thinking about genomic codings of material structure can lead to
new insights in materials discovery. Image courtesy of the author.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_2.txt,allv2,7_2.txt,"On the cover: Sometimes in science, seeing is believing. The cover of this month’s
issue of Matter are micrographs of 1D anatase-like materials, or 1DA (see Barsoum and colleagues,
pp. 128–141), with each dot representing a Ti atom. Chemical predictions combined
led to promising initial results, but questions remained regarding the specific chemical
structure, surface states, and the interplay between chemical features key for the
resulting electronic properties. The images clearly indicated the structure, thereby
crystalizing the nature of 1DA and laying the groundwork for future application.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_12.txt,ave_3,6_12.txt,"On the cover: The image presents an optimization landscape, with each local peak representing
a unique microstructure configuration. This visual concept aligns with Kench et al.'s recent paper, published in this issue, which outlines the application of generative
AI in mapping processing parameters to electrode microstructures, ultimately enhancing
cell performance. The landscape is depicted at sunrise, symbolizing the dawning of
a new era in materials design. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/7_1.txt,groundtruth,7_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_8.png,B,"Inequities in kidney health and kidney care, inspired by the Review on p694.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Health outcomes associated with hydration status, inspired by the Review on p275.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"The Sustainable Development Goals, inspired by this month’s Focus issue
Image: Lara Crow. Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_12.txt,sbert,17_12.txt,"Models of acute kidney injury, inspired by the Review on p277.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/18_8.txt,multiBv1,18_8.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_9.png,A,"On the cover: The image depicts “Auto-Pack” (Autophagosome-Packman, in yellow) engulfing
misfolded proteins (in red) from the labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through
a process known as ER-phagy (autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum). To learn more
about how ER-phagy is activated in response to protein misfolding, see De Leonibus et al. Image credit: Gennaro Di Bonito, Marianna Maddaluno, and Chiara De Leonibus.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_9.txt,groundtruth,59_9.txt,"On the cover: A cross-section view of an isolation membrane (left) and autophagosome
(right). RILP (green) first binds ATG5 (orange) and recruits LC3 molecules (purple)
to the growing isolation membrane. ATG5 is then replaced by cytoplasmic dynein on
a fully formed autophagosome to mediate its transport along microtubules (bottom).
To learn more about RILP's roles in neuronal autophagosome formation, transport, and
degradation of its contents, see Khobrekar et al. on pp. 141–153. Artwork by Thomas
Splettstoesser, scistyle.com.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/53_5.txt,sbert,53_5.txt,"On the cover: Autophagy involves the fusion of cargo-containing autophagosomes with
lysosomes, a process facilitated by tethering factors. Viruses develop strategies
to evade autophagic destruction. In the cover image, the gray string, representing
the tether, is hijacked by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, leaving the two holes (one hole representing
the lysosome and the other, surrounded by the white ring, depicting the autophagosome)
of the mask unconnected. For more about how SARS-CoV-2 blocks fusion of autophagosomes
with lysosomes by sequestrating the tethering HOPS complex, see Miao et al. (427–442).
Cover created by Sean Shan Zhang from the Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/56_21.txt,allv2,56_21.txt,"On the cover: Electron micrograph prepared from thin sectioning of mouse tibia, showing
the ruffled border of an osteoclast actively resorbing bone. False color and a “watercolor”
filter were added in Photoshop. The fusion of secretory lysosomes to the bone-apposed
plasmalemma drives massive secretion of acid and proteases into the extracellular
space (lower right) facing the bone. For more information on the role of autophagy-related
(Atg) proteins in this process, see DeSelm et al., pp. 966–974.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/21_2.txt,multiBv1,21_2.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_2.png,C,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,multiBv1,2024_7.txt,"The C–H silylation of methyl groups in complex terpenoids unlocks diverse transformations, including elimination, substitution with other functional groups, and integration into an expanded ring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Via synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis, a novel three-component radical cascade reaction occurred through a radical addition/ring-opening/PCET-promoted radical–radical coupling protocol, affording an array of valuable enantioenriched",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2025_1.txt,ave_2,2025_1.txt,test
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.png,A,"Cover Credit: Diagram of the proposed mechanisms by which CEMIP reduces the chemotherapy sensitivity of SCLC cells. CEMIP, an adaptor protein, interacts with SRC and YAP. CEMIP binds to SRC, allowing autophosphorylation of Y416 and activation of SRC, which facilitates the interaction between YAP and activated SRC, resulting in increased phosphorylation of Y357, protein stability, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activation of YAP,thus reducing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SCLC cells. The SRC inhibitor dasatinib and the YAP inhibitor verteporfin display synergistic antitumor effects on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-024-01342-4). See the article in pages 2657–2671",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_1.txt,groundtruth,45_1.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,multiBv1,45_11.txt,"Cover Credit: The schematic diagram describes the mechanism of action of G-sHDL (gemcitabine-loaded synthetic high-density lipoprotein) in treating colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. G-sHDL can target and kill hepatic Mono-M2 (monocyte-derived alternatively activated macrophages) that may eradicate tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and can also induce ICD of tumor cells to prime the antitumor immunity. Consequently, G-sHDL would improve the number and activity of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and synergize with anti-PD-L1 antibody in treating colorectal cancer. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01110-w). See the article in pages 2331–2341",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_2.txt,allv2,44_2.txt,"Cover Credit: DZ2002, a reversible inhibitor of type III S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase, attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling by suppressing the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB, along with NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Additionally, DZ2002 inhibits the activation of molecules in the STAT3-PI3K-Akt pathway, suppressing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic factors. These findings strongly support DZ2002's promising therapeutic potential for dry eye disease (DED).",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_12.txt,sbert,45_12.txt,train
Neuron,113_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Neuron/113_3.png,D,"On the cover: In this special issue of Neuron, we present a series of reviews and opinions on reciprocal interactions between the
nervous and immune systems. Schwartz and colleagues (pages 3421–3424) liken neuro-immune
crosstalk to an ecosystem. The cover depicts an ecosystem where trees communicate
through a fungal network, maintained in balance against fungivores. Artwork by Kip
Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/110_4.txt,allv2,110_4.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts thin dendrites (blue) and axons with large boutons
(yellow) of a reconstructed cerebellar Golgi cell. Golgi cells are extensively interconnected
with electrical synapses located on their thin dendrites, forming a large syncytium.
The properties of these dendritic gap junctions/electrical synapses were characterized
in the work by Szoboszlay et al. (pages 1043–1056) with combined electrophysiological,
morphological, immunolocalization, and modelling approaches.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/90_2.txt,sbert,90_2.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. (pages 2675–2692) use somatostatin-expressing interneurons to propose
that connectivity is an organizing principle of cellular diversity in the cortex.
Inspired by the Italian still-life painter Giorgio Morandi and philosophical work
“What We Owe to Each Other,” the cover represents the excitatory and inhibitory cell
types examined in this study as a small community of everyday objects. These objects
are defined by both individual features as well as their spatial relationship with
each other, illustrating the theory that cell types are best understood within the
context of their circuitry. Artwork by Julia Kuhl.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/111_8.txt,multiBv1,111_8.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. show an immune-neural circuit at the meningeal-brain interface, where neutrophils
act as sensors of social threats, attenuating threat-related neuronal and behavioral
reactivity by orchestrating T cell-derived interferon signaling. The cover depicts
a lively outer space of the brain. A beige background symbolizes the meninges, while
immune cells are depicted in a variety of colors, such as vibrant yellow polymorphonuclear
neutrophils. These heterogeneous “cells” are interconnected, constituting an immune
network. The homeostatic brain exists beneath this immunologically active environment,
with its originally grayish-white regions being infused with a calming blue, symbolizing
an immune signal that mediates neuronal inhibition and behavioral adaptation. Artwork
Bin Wu and Ling Meng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Neuron/113_3.txt,groundtruth,113_3.txt,test
ACS Materials Letters,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.png,B,"In the article featured on the cover, the authors report the synthesis of an ionic liquid consisting of a polymerizable methacrylate with a thermally-labile Diels−Alder linkage between the ion-containing side chain and the polymer backbone. The cover illustration shows how, under UV light, the ionic liquid can be polymerized, and can then be induced to release ions in response to a thermal trigger. This ion release results in a clear increase in mobile ion content at the retro-Diels−Alder temperature which is retained after the material is returned to room temperature. This type of ""triggerable"" polymerizable ionic liquid has promise in next-generation responsive electronic devices.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_9.txt,ave_3,2020_9.txt,"This study introduces an efficient boric acid cross-linking strategy for enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of PVA-doped films. The rigidity of the polymer matrix is increased through covalent cross-linking, resulting in both high efficiency and long lifetime by suppressing non-radiative decay and reducing luminescence quenching under ambient conditions. This RTP system has been successfully applied in inkjet printing and binary anti-counterfeiting applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,"Zhang, Cheng, and co-workers report on high ambient-performance star brush block copolymer electrolytes (SBBCEs), using the self-assembly of BAB triblock copolymers in the block selective solvent. The middle A block can loop or dangle onto the same or two different nano-assemblies to form a physically cross-linked network, which enhances mechanical performance of polymeric materials. This physically cross-linked structure endows SBBCEs with excellent thermal stability and considerable mechanical strength, high ionic conductivity, a wide electrochemical stability window, and good interfacial compatibility with lithium anodes. LiFePO4/Li and Ni-rich LiNi0.89Co0.09Mg0.02O2/Li cells employing SBBCEs deliver superior ambient-temperature cycling performance.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2019_1.txt,ave_2,2019_1.txt,"A through-space conjugated organic molecule with dual delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence is developed, which performs outstandingly as emitter and sensitizer for OLEDs.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2023_10.txt,allv2,2023_10.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_51,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_51.png,B,"This graphic describes how the development of multilayer perceptron neural network models can help for the prediction of flowback water and shale gas production, as well as their evaluation and optimization in the shale gas production planning.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_36.txt,multiBv1,2023_36.txt,Unveiling hydrotransport dynamics: Enhanced bitumen recovery through advanced computational fluid dynamics and population balance modeling. Investigating the influence of slurry velocities and bubble size on bitumen distribution in the pipeline transport of oil sand ores.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_51.txt,groundtruth,2024_51.txt,Scaling laws for fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of packed beds filled with mono-sized pebbles.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_21.txt,ave_2,2024_21.txt,Simulation predictions of particle velocity vectors (left) and gas streamlines (right) surrounding bubbles in a freely bubbling fluidized bed are presented.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2021_33.txt,allv2,2021_33.txt,train
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_4.png,B,"Reactive hydrocarbon molecules like radicals, biradicals, and carbenes are not only key players in combustion processes and interstellar and atmospheric chemistry, but some of them are also important intermediates in organic synthesis. We address the time-resolved reaction dynamics of these species in a Feature Article, gathering the work we did both as experimental measurement and as the theoretical simulations. Laser beam adapted from K. Issler, A. Röder, F. Hirsch, L. Poisson, I. Fischer, R. Mitrić, and J. Petersen. Faraday Discuss. 2018, 212, 83–100. Reproduced with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. The photoelectron signal on the computer screen is a modified version of the one in B. Noller, R. Maksimenka, I. Fischer, M. Armone, B. Engels, C. Alcaraz, L. Poisson, J. M. Mestdagh. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 1771–1779. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2019_2.txt,allv2,2019_2.txt,Kinetics of the thermal isomerization of cyclopropane to propene: evaluation of the biradical and carbene reaction channels across wide temperature and pressure ranges.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"A gas-phase X-ray scattering experiment, conducted at LCLS, captures the structural transformation of cyclopentadiene (CP) into the highly energetic strained bicyclo[2.1.0]pentene molecule (BP). Initiated by the pump pulse (blue), CP undergoes a rapid structural conversion into the vibrationally hot BP, which is identified by X-ray scattering (yellow).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2024_27.txt,ave_2,2024_27.txt,"Growth of a graphene sheet from pyrene computed in a kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation with a detailed, multistep reaction model in 1500 K environment of 0.1% C2H2, 0.1% H2, and 0.01% H.  The snapshots of molecular structures are taken at 0, 1.3, 2.3, 3.0, 3.9, and 5.0 ms. See page 689.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2010_50.txt,sbert,2010_50.txt,train
Current Biology,34_16,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_16.png,C,"On the cover: Rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago Island one year after Hurricane Maria—Puerto
Rico’s worst natural disaster on record. Climate change is increasing the frequency
and intensity of natural disasters such as hurricanes. Documenting resilience and
vulnerability to these intense stressors and their aftermath could reveal if individuals
and populations are able to cope with extreme environmental change. In this issue,
Testard et al. (pages 2299–2309) show that Cayo Santiago monkeys became more social
in Hurricane Maria’s aftermath. Monkeys built new relationships rather than strengthening
existing ones, suggesting the size of one’s social network rather than the quality
of one’s relationships was critical in this extreme environmental context. Increased
social connectedness was driven by socially isolated monkeys before the storm who
made friends with the friends of their friends. Picture taken by Lauren Brent in November
2018.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_14.txt,sbert,31_14.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a landscape view of Campbell Island, one of the most
intact islands left on Earth. In this issue, Watson et al. (pages 2929–2934) assessed
rates of wilderness loss across all terrestrial ecosystems over the past 25 years
and found catastrophic loss in many places on Earth, including the Amazon and Central
Africa. An area twice the size of Alaska has been lost since 1993. There are now very
few biomes across the planet that have significant amounts of intact, functioning
wilderness within them. Credit: Liana Joseph.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/26_4.txt,allv2,26_4.txt,"On the cover: A cushion of Saponaria sicula (Sicilian soapwort) and Cerastium tormentosum is growing in lava on Mount Etna in Sicily. Resilient, pioneer plants such as these
form the bedrock of ecosystem restoration approaches. The natural ecosystems on which
our survival and that of the biosphere depend are being destroyed by human activities
on a global scale—a crisis exacerbated by human-made climate change. Restoring functional
ecosystems is the objective of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and a worldwide
priority. Our special issue assembles reviews, essays, primers, and other formats
to showcase the scientific underpinnings of restoration and its implementation in
various biomes and with various objectives. Image by Florian Maderspacher.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_16.txt,groundtruth,34_16.txt,"On the cover: Life as we know it would not be possible without plants. For one thing,
before the evolution of land plants, the Earth’s atmosphere was insufficient to support
animal life. In modern times, our climate, our food supply, and our economies are
intimately linked to and reliant upon plants. In our special issue “The Making of
a Plant,” on pages R853–R978, we present a variety of review pieces that discuss how
plants grow, develop, and survive—from the early days as an embryo through maturity.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/27_8.txt,multiBv1,27_8.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_24.png,C,Artistic configuration of the interfacial zone separating the liquid water and methane hydrate crystal phases. Mechanical definition of interfacial tension combined with the effect of elastic deformation at the crystalline interface estimates the tension.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_4.txt,allv2,2019_4.txt,"Additives play a very important role when the solute molecules build their crystal edifice, thus playing an unparalleled role in nucleation theory and crystallization applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2022_10.txt,ave_3,2022_10.txt,"liquid interfacial tension γeff, which suppresses the formation of crystal nuclei and leads to an increase in the nucleation energy barriers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_24.txt,groundtruth,2024_24.txt,"The amorphous InTe phase in In3SbTe2 (IST) material is crystallized on the crystalline InSb phase earlier formed from amorphous IST material. To numerically verify the reduction of the energy barrier for this InTe heterogeneous nucleation, the needed interfacial energies (γas, γac, and γcs) are obtained using density functional theory calculation. 'a', 'c', and 's' mean amorphous, crystalline phase, substrate, and",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_9.txt,sbert,2019_9.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_6.png,C,"Get into print
Organic solar cells can be fabricated with low-cost and scalable printing methods. Jiang et al. devise an alcohol-dispersed formulation of PEDOT — the commonly used hole-transport material — that overcomes drawbacks such as acidity, hygroscopicity and poor wetting properties, improving both the efficiency and stability of fully-printed solar cells.
See Jiang et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Lulu Sun, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/7_9.txt,ave_1,7_9.txt,"Making contacts
The power conversion efficiency of mainstream silicon photovoltaics is expected to saturate at 24% yet the use of charge-selective contacts that also minimize charge recombination could enable further improvements. Towards that aim, Richter et al. demonstrate a 26.0%-efficient solar cell by redesigning both the front-side (pictured) and rear-side contacts.
See Richter et al.
Image: Bernd Steinhauser, Fraunhofer ISE. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_9.txt,sbert,6_9.txt,"Getting flexible
Flexible organic photovoltaic modules suffer from poor operational and mechanical stability. Lu et al. embed the metal electrode into a polymeric matrix and add a chromium layer to enhance the electrical contact between adjacent subcells. This results in 14%-efficient modules with over 900 hours of operation and improved tolerance to bending.
See Lu et al. and News and Views by Shin and Son
Image: Xin Lu, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_6.txt,groundtruth,9_6.txt,"Swimming like a solar cell
Lightweight, flexible and stretchable solar cells can be processed from some polymers and organic molecules. Jinno et al. expand on these mechanical capabilities and use ultrathin barrier layers to make the flexible solar cells stable in water. Making flexible solar cells washable multiplies their integration prospects into everyday objects.
See Jinno et al.  2 , 780–785 (2017) and News and Views by Li & Brabec.
Image: Hiroaki Jinno, Kenjiro Fukuda and Takao Someya. Cover Design: David Shand.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/2_3.txt,allv2,2_3.txt,train
ACS Organic & Inorganic Au,2023_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.png,C,"To form high-density metal/oxide interfacial active sites, we developed a catalyst preparation method based on hybrid clustering. An iridium-molybdenum",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_2.txt,ave_2,2023_2.txt,Phosphonated pyridines play an important role in various areas of chemistry. Those structures can now be conveniently synthesized in a simple and metal-free procedure. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the products are formed as illustrated in thermodynamically-controlled reactions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_4.txt,allv2,2023_4.txt,"A tetrahedral chiral-at-nickel(II) complex has been synthesized using an achiral unsymmetric tridentate ligand, and its structural characteristics have been clarified in detail. Under a low-temperature condition, molecules with the same absolute configuration of the stereogenic nickel(II) center preferentially grow into conglomerate crystals due to the intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded helical structure formation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2023_1.txt,groundtruth,2023_1.txt,Zinc(II) Complexes of SIRTi1/2 Analogues Transmetallating with Copper(II) Ions and Inducing ROS Mediated Paraptosis,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Organic & Inorganic Au/2024_4.txt,multiBv1,2024_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_4.png,D,"COVER: Viral shields, inspired by the Review on p339.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_7.txt,ave_3,22_7.txt,"Origins of immunity, inspired by the Perspective on p629.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_3.txt,ave_2,22_3.txt,"‘Mosquito’, inspired by the Review on p218
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/19_9.txt,allv2,19_9.txt,"Generating mosquito immunity, inspired by the Review on p621.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_4.txt,groundtruth,24_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS,25_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_9.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p829.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p724
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/20_1.txt,sbert,20_1.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/26_2.txt,multiBv1,26_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p237.
Cover design: Patrick Morgan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS/25_9.txt,groundtruth,25_9.txt,test
Developmental Cell,60_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/60_3.png,C,"On the cover: The image illustrates the dynamic process of meiotic initiation in male
germ cells in mice. Different colors represent different cell types within a seminiferous
tubule in the testes. Cells labeled in white have just completed DNA replication and
are entering into meiotic prophase I. To learn more about the regulation of meiotic
entry in male germ cells, see Sun et al. (pp. 901–913). The image was taken by Shenfei
Sun.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_18.txt,ave_3,57_18.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_1.txt,allv2,60_1.txt,"On the cover: Sex differences originate early in human postnatal T cell development.
The image represents the different developmental paths male (green) and female (purple)
T cells take during differentiation and training in the thymus. Sex differences in
thymic niches and T cell developmental trajectories are depicted by analogous but
distinct white nodes, representing sex biases in thymic niches, which we identified
using our spatial multi-omics thymus resource. To learn more about how the authors
use spatial multi-omics to identify sex differences in T cell development and thymus
biology, see Stankiewicz et al. Image credit: Jen Ma.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/60_3.txt,groundtruth,60_3.txt,"On the cover: Artistic representation of a cross-section of the human genital ridge
at 6 weeks post-fertilization, including the gonad and the mesonephros. The gonad
is populated by NR2F2+ stromal cells (highlighted in magenta), while the mesonephros
features NR2F2+ and GATA2+ stromal cells (highlighted in green). During development,
the mesonephros functions initially as a kidney, later transforming into a sex-specific
reproductive tract. To learn more about human fetal sex-specific gonadogenesis and
the development of the reproductive tract, see Taelman et al. Image credit: Sylwia Czukiewska.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_21.txt,ave_2,59_21.txt,train
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.png,B,"Graph neural networks (GNNs) hold potential for harnessing data power to tackle application challenges in electrical engineering, physics, material science and biology. The cover image shows the analogy between GNNs and mazes. See Li et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_5.txt,ave_3,1_5.txt,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,groundtruth,1_12.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,multiBv1,1_9.txt,"In alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goal 9, it is crucial to develop advanced spintronic technologies for low-power, beyond-CMOS devices. In this Focus Issue, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions in spintronics for neuromorphic computing, STT-MRAM, and logic applications. We also highlight the importance of integrating spintronic devices with existing silicon platforms and fostering collaboration between academia and industry. Additionally, we encourage the exploration of emerging materials and devices for low-power spintronics, such as two-dimensional magnets. See the Editorial
Image: Zulfidin Khodzhaev, The University of Texas at Austin Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_15,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_15.png,B,"To understand the kinetically controlled polymorphic superstructures of soft materials, phase transition behaviors of a pyrene-based asymmetric molecule were studied by the combination of scattering and morphological and thermal analyses (Cryst. Growth Des. 2017, 17, 1707–1715).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2017_9.txt,multiBv1,2017_9.txt,"In crystalline solids, especially in rotaxanes, solvates are common as a result of intrinsic topologies. Our goal is to explore solvent roles in rotaxane crystallization using the supramolecular cluster methodology and tetralactam macrocycle-based rotaxanes. Understanding solvate formation is crucial for applying molecular machines in the solid state.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_15.txt,groundtruth,2024_15.txt,"Additives play a very important role when the solute molecules build their crystal edifice, thus playing an unparalleled role in nucleation theory and crystallization applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2022_10.txt,sbert,2022_10.txt,"Molecular building blocks, consisting of the halogen bond donor (triangles) and acceptor (rectangles), sublime and form a cocrystal (top). This process, named cosublimation, is investigated for its potential to form halogen-bonded cocrystals. Previously inaccessible supramolecular architectures are identified. (Cryst. Growth Des. 2018, 10, 6227",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2018_3.txt,allv2,2018_3.txt,train
Nature Mental Health,2_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Mental Health/2_4.png,C,"Unlocking personalized psychiatry
Personalized psychiatry has made important gains in elucidating the neurobiological basis of many psychiatric disorders, yet heterogeneity, polygenicity and interactions with the environment and epigenetics continue to be major challenges for researchers to explore. Our September issue cover reflects this great complexity. For each person, there are potentially manifold ‘keys’ to unlocking or to personalizing diagnosis and treatment. The cover gives a nod to the fact that personalized psychiatry research is technology and tradition — an elegant incorporation of -omics and big data and a backdrop of established elements, such as self-reported measures and patient assessment.
See our Editorial for more on the potential and pitfalls of personalized psychiatry.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/1_4.txt,allv2,1_4.txt,"Machine learning in mental health research
The capabilities of machine learning, and artificial intelligence more broadly, have captured our collective imagination. A discipline that once seemed more like science fiction, machine learning is now being harnessed and applied to many fields, including psychiatry and mental health research. Machine learning holds the ability to combine massive datasets — brain scan images, electronic health records and real-time affective measurements — to identify relationships and patterns among variables that may be used to stratify risk, diagnose disorders or predict treatment response. The January cover is intended to evoke the notion that applying machine learning techniques in mental health research is both an art and a science. Just as machine learning models must be refined by human-defined parameters, researchers are also learning how best to apply these techniques in a symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.
Read more in our Editorial, and see Lucasius et al.on using machine learning in psychiatry.
Image: Marina Spence and Jackie Niam / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,"Translational science in mental health research
In our September issue, we publish new work and commentary that feature translational science. As a nod to the translational role that bridges work from animal models to clinical research, the cover displays the profiles of a mouse and a human head in a contiguous line drawing. It symbolizes the interconnectedness of clinical and animal work in mental health research, in which so much is dependent on what can be observed and demonstrated preclinically before it can be translated in humans.
Read more about the enduring importance of translational work in mental health research in our Editorial.
Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_4.txt,groundtruth,2_4.txt,"Countries and culture — mental health in context
Our August issue cover highlights how crucial our connections with countries and culture are and how they can meaningfully shape our mental health. In a sense, they are influences imprinted on brains and minds. From ancient philosophers and theologians to modern mental health researchers, country and culture have long been considered forces that affect our development and self-expression, our interpretations of feelings, and when and how we seek support or treatment for mental health conditions.
Read more in our Editorial about the importance of cultural context of mental health
Image: Jorg Greuel / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Mental Health/2_5.txt,sbert,2_5.txt,train
Journal of Chemical Education,2021_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.png,B,"–and demonstrates redox chemistry that allows for the direct conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy without involving a machine to accomplish the transfer. The visual effect is mesmerizing and provides a compelling introduction to the rich underlying science; however, the difficulty and time required to initiate and maintain regular oscillations often frustrates instructors and students, discouraging many from presenting this demonstration. In ""Resuscitating the Mercury Beating Heart: An Improvement on the Classic Demo"" (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00845), Daniel Stribling, Christopher R. Brewer, and Kenneth A. Goldsby describe a simple device for reducing the setup time and increasing the duration of this classic yet underutilized chemical demonstration.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_11.txt,allv2,2021_11.txt,"In celebration of the ACS National Chemistry Week 2021 theme ""Fast or Slow?Chemistry Makes It Go!"", the cover features snapshots of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a reaction that oscillates in both time and space. The complex chemical system shown involves bromate, bromide, malonic acid, sulfuric acid, ferroin indicator, and oxygen from the air. The oscillations in this reaction start with the formation of small pale blue dots in a rusty red solution, with each dot expanding in ever-widening concentric rings. By swirling the solution, the reaction can be repeated. Each time the reaction occurs, the oscillation pattern is different. (Images from the Journal of Chemical Education?s Chemistry Comes Alive! video collection.)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2021_3.txt,groundtruth,2021_3.txt,"The pyrotechnic thermite reaction showcases the influence of kinetic versus thermodynamic control over reaction dynamics in a visually spectacular way. A mixture of iron oxide and aluminum powder, unreactive under ambient conditions, requires a large input of energy to spark a reaction. Once this barrier to activation is overcome, the mixture rapidly (and impressively) produces the more thermodynamically favored molten iron and aluminum oxide products (as seen on the cover). This reaction, and the various methods available for igniting it, often serves as an exciting capstone demonstration for students near the end of introductory instruction in reaction processes and dynamics, as discussed in “Ignition of Thermite Using the Potassium Chlorate 'Rocket' Reaction: A Systematic Demonstration of Reaction Chemistry” (DOI: 10.1021/ed500522c) by Brett A. McGuire, P. Brandon Carroll, Adam N. Boynton, Jeffrey M. Mendez, and Geoffrey A. Blake.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2015_7.txt,sbert,2015_7.txt,"A recent transformation in the general chemistry laboratory courses at Michigan State University has yielded a series of project-based labs focused on the scientific and engineering practices from A Framework for K–12 Science Education. One such lab investigates the chemistry behind commercially available glow sticks. Shown on the cover are reaction mixtures with four different dyes before (top) and after (bottom) the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which drives the reaction. Dyes used (from left to right) are rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene, and 9,10-diphenylanthracene. For further details see the laboratory experiment, A Glowing Recommendation: A Project-Based Cooperative Laboratory Activity To Promote Use of the Scientific and Engineering Practices (DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00628), by Justin H. Carmel, Joseph S. Ward, and Melanie M. Cooper.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Education/2017_8.txt,ave_2,2017_8.txt,train
Current Biology,34_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_1.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Drury et al. deploy a new modeling approach and show that the availability of open niches influences
the pace of phenotypic evolution across all birds. This image shows a little bee-eater
(Merops pusillus), an African invertivore (one of the groups with a particularly strong response to
changing niche availability). Photo by Jonathan Drury.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_22.txt,multiBv1,34_22.txt,"On the cover: North American velvet ants, which are actually wingless wasps with a
potent sting, form one of the world's largest known Müllerian mimicry complexes, containing
at least 321 species from 20 genera. This large complex is composed of eight distinct
mimicry rings, groups of similar-looking species living in the same general area,
which are described based on analyses of color pattern and geographic distribution.
Physical similarities across species are thought to benefit the wasps by quickly and
effectively training predators to avoid velvet ants displaying the local color pattern.
In this issue, Wilson et al. (pages R704–R706) highlight this mimicry complex and
provide details of its unique qualities. The cover image shows seven velvet ant species
from three genera displaying some of the diversity of color patterns found in this
mimicry complex.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/25_9.txt,sbert,25_9.txt,"On the cover: A female crab spider, Misumena vatia, lurks menacingly on a flower, hoping to catch an unsuspecting pollinator. This species
of spider has the remarkable ability to adopt the color of the flower it is hiding
on, and it is thought that this ability to camouflage itself improves the spider's
chances of ambushing pollinators. Ings and Chittka (pages 1520–1524) were therefore
surprised when they discovered that bumblebees were as good at learning to avoid camouflaged
“robotic” spiders as highly conspicuous spiders. However, the authors found that bees
are likely to be worse off when spiders camouflage themselves because they need more
time to accurately detect cryptic spiders and also reject more foraging opportunities
on safe flowers. Photograph by Dr. Thomas Ings.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/18_6.txt,allv2,18_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Smith et al. show that honey bees symmetrically stockpile their nest contents, creating mirror-image
symmetry within the nest. This architectural symmetry is colony-specific and is present
throughout a colony's life. Curiously, even when independent colonies stockpile opposite
sides of a comb, they still create a mirror image. The researchers then show that
temperature is a critical cue for positioning brood and that symmetry provides adaptive
benefits to the colony. Finally, they show that nest symmetry exists across all species
of Apis. Uniting investigations across all four of Tinbergen's Questions, this work shows
that there are behavioral processes that create functional symmetry in the collective
organization of animal architecture. Photograph by Peter R. Marting.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_1.txt,groundtruth,34_1.txt,train
Nature Human Behaviour,8_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Human Behaviour/8_4.png,D,"Neurofeedback for soldiers
Improving emotional regulation is a critical skill in response to stress. A study in this issue shows that soldiers in combat training who undergo electroencephalography-based neurofeedback training of amygdala activity improve their ability to regulate emotion, a skill that may protect them from future psychiatric disorders.
See Keynan et al. See also News and Views by Young.
Image: Yaara Shattner, Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/3_12.txt,allv2,3_12.txt,"Understanding self-injury
Nonsuicidal self-injury is a risk factor for future suicide attempts, and it is estimated that 17% of adolescents worldwide engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. Kuehn et al. carried out an individual-participant meta-analysis of longitudinal studies and found support for the hypothesis that self-injurious thoughts and behaviours function to provide relief from distressing negative affect.
See Kuehn et al.
Cover image: Luciano Lozano / Moment / Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/6_6.txt,ave_3,6_6.txt,"Evaluating the evidence for happiness strategies
Improving happiness is a key priority for many people and strategies on how to achieve this feature widely in popular media. Folk and Dunn carried out a systematic review of the evidence supporting the five most widely recommended strategies for increasing happiness. The authors found that the scientific evidence in support of these strategies is weak and call for more rigorous research.
See Folk and Dunn
Cover image: Cienpies / iStock / Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/7_3.txt,sbert,7_3.txt,"Mindfulness for stress
Do self-administered mindfulness interventions actually work for reducing stress? Sparacio et al. examined the efficacy of four different mindfulness exercises (body scan, mindful breathing, mindful walking and loving kindness). They found that all four interventions reduced participants’ self-reported stress compared to listening to a story excerpt. Body scan was the exercise with the largest stress reduction effect.
See Sparacio et al.
Image: Stellalevi/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Human Behaviour/8_4.txt,groundtruth,8_4.txt,val
Nature Chemical Engineering,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.png,D,"Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene
Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches.
See Venkataraman et al.
Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_2.txt,ave_3,1_2.txt,"Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis
Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study.
See Crandall et al. and Liu et al.
Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_7.txt,ave_2,1_7.txt,"Flash separation of metals
Metal recycling plays a crucial role in mitigating the shortage of critical metals and reducing reliance on primary mining. However, current liquid hydrometallurgical methods consume substantial amounts of water and chemicals while also generating problematic secondary waste. On the other hand, pyrometallurgical processes are often energy intensive and lack selectivity. Now, James Tour and co-workers report a chlorination process that makes use of direct electric heating for the selective separation of critical metals from electronic waste (denoted as electrothermal chlorination, ETC). The ETC process represents a potential shift in metallurgy that could minimize metal supply-chain shortages. The cover shows a carbon paper heater used for the ETC process during electric heating.
See Deng et al.
Image: Shichen Xu, Rice University. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Electrifying separation processes
The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks.
See Cotty et al. and Schuur
Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Engineering/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,train
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_25,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_25.png,C,This Special Issue of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research focuses on the application of nanobiomaterials for biosensing and biodegradation to develop new approaches in water treatment systems.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2023_41.txt,multiBv1,2023_41.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Y. Pan et al., “Enhanced Removal of Azo Dye by a Bioelectrochemical System Integrated with a Membrane Biofilm Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04725); X. Qian et al., “Rapid CO2 Adsorption over Hierarchical ZSM-5 with Controlled Mesoporosity” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03325); and P. Kostetskyy et al., “Understanding Alkane Dehydrogenation through Alcohol Dehydration on γ-Al2O3” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04392)",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_3.txt,ave_2,2018_3.txt,This study proposes a ranking framework by introducing Biochar Quality Index scores based on selected quality parameters and application thereof for adsorptive removal of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from water matrices.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_25.txt,groundtruth,2024_25.txt,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_17.txt,allv2,2018_17.txt,train
ACS Applied Bio Materials,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_8.png,D,"The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2018_6.txt,ave_2,2018_6.txt,"A multifunctional phototheranostic agent (DTRGD NPs) is designed on the basis of an octadecane-modified temozolomide for chemotherapy, a dicysteamine-modified hypocrellin derivative as a natural-origin photosensitizer, and a cyclic peptide as a targeting unit against glioblastoma. DTRGD NPs can not only be used for NIR fluorescence imaging-guided targeted chemo/photodynamic/photothermal synergistic therapy but also be delivered to the orthotopic glioblastoma, providing a new promising prospect for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapy.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2020_7.txt,allv2,2020_7.txt,"The multifunctional antioxidant nanoliposome was developed for the co-delivery of PTEN (tumor suppressor gene) plasmid and small interfering RNA (siRNA) AKT3 to prostate cancer cells. The antioxidant nanoliposome contained PTEN plasmid, siRNA AKT3, and cerium oxide nanoparticles. The internalized nanoliposomes were found to restore the expression of PTEN, with a concomitant decrease in AKT3 mRNA expression, enhance DNA damage, and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2020_6.txt,multiBv1,2020_6.txt,"Hollow, mesoporous CeO2 nanoparticles, crafted via staged-shape templating, and functionalized with polydopamine, chlorine e6, and a cascade enzyme system demonstrate remarkable efficacy in killing human glioblastoma cells through combinatorial photothermal, photodynamic, chemodynamic, and starvation mechanisms. Synergy-driven 90% cell death in vitro suggests the potential as a potent cancer therapy nanoplatform.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.png,D,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,"Vanadium dioxide nanocomposite smart window films for building applications exhibit remarkable thermochromic properties, allowing automatic blockage and transmission of infrared radiation based on temperature changes. This semiconductor-to-metal transition authorizes efficient building technology, effectively reducing energy consumption associated with heating and cooling costs and subsequently minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_11.txt,ave_3,2024_11.txt,dye complex as a gain medium in a mirror cavity used for lasing. The study revealed that the DNA structure significantly influences the dye's optical properties that were used for optimizing lasing parameters. This approach offers a pathway to design advanced optical materials for more efficient solid-state lasers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,val
Analytical Chemistry,2025_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Analytical Chemistry/2025_2.png,B,"The image shows how atmospheric air plasma generated by a handheld jet pen induces surface modifications of three-dimensional (3D) printed electrodes. This procedure is fast, environmentally-friendly (reagentless), affordable, portable and enables the obtaining of 3D-printed electrodes with outstanding sensing properties.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2024_13.txt,sbert,2024_13.txt,"3D-printed dual-channel flow-through miniaturized devices (3Dd) with dual electrochemical detection (EDd) integrating two working electrodes each in an in-channel configuration (3Dd–EDd), are combined with the rich PB-based electrochemistry to obtain reliable, stable, and ready-to-use devices with excellent analytical performance toward hydrogen peroxide detection in cultivar cells.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2025_2.txt,groundtruth,2025_2.txt,based on the hydrovoltaic effect of MXene-PANI coupling with capacitor amplification. This work breakthrough in designing self-powered electrochemical sensors provides a rational basis for the development of a diversified sensing platform.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2023_18.txt,allv2,2023_18.txt,A smart sample pretreatment device featuring a solid phase extraction column and a temperature-controlled flow-actuated valve for the extraction of multiple trace metals prior to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination is 4D-printed through employing a photocurable resin of stimuli-responsive shape memory polymers and a digital light processing 3D printer.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Analytical Chemistry/2021_19.txt,multiBv1,2021_19.txt,test
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.png,C,This cover describes a method of metabolic engineering for the production of ectoine based on the heterologous expression of ectoine synthesis-related genes in Corynebacterium glutamicum to increase ectoine production.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_6.txt,allv2,2024_6.txt,"The cover depicts the implantation of heterologous catabolic pathways into Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for complete mineralization of methyl parathion and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, which highlights the power of synthetic biology to create novel strains with desirable degradative abilities. Artwork by Ting Gong based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00025.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2016_8.txt,ave_2,2016_8.txt,"Creation of a “superhero” Corynebacterium glutamicum strain through systems metabolic engineering techniques, resulting in the ability to produce L-valine with high titer and yield by utilizing glucose and ammonia as the primary carbon and nitrogen sources.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_4.txt,groundtruth,2024_4.txt,The application of spatial synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies can effectively improve the titer and yield of 2′-FL biosynthesis in engineered E. coli.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_3.txt,ave_3,2021_3.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY,24_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.png,C,"Engineering living therapeutics, inspired by the Review on p941.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/20_1.txt,ave_2,20_1.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_1.txt,allv2,24_1.txt,"N-of-1 therapies, inspired by the Review on p40.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/24_2.txt,groundtruth,24_2.txt,"Combining targeted cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p213.
Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY/22_10.txt,ave_3,22_10.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_3.png,A,"Graphitic carbon cycling during mountain building
Coupled rhenium–osmium and uranium–lead dating suggest graphitic carbon was hydrothermally cycled through shear zones during late-stage orogenesis associated with Nuna supercontinent assembly. The photomicrograph shows a hydrothermal graphite–pyrite vein in a highly sheared, metasomatized metapelite host rock viewed under both reflected and transmitted light (image dimensions: 550 μm x 550 μm). Graphite stands out from the ground mass due to its brown colour, high reflectance, and platy crystal habit.
See Toma et al.
Image: Jonathan Toma. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_3.txt,groundtruth,17_3.txt,"Rates of crust formation at midocean ridges are expected to vary with rates of plate spreading. U-Pb dating of zircon minerals from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise reveals protracted formation of gabbroic rocks over timescales comparable with slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, suggesting similar timescales of magmatic processes at slow- and fast-spreading ridges. The image shows grains of the mineral zircon that formed in the oceanic crust at the East Pacific Rise, each about 200 μm long. The grains are analysed using cathodoluminescence (grey) and the distribution of the element yttrium (colour).
Letter p275; News &#38; Views p235
COVER IMAGE: ERIC HELLEBRAND AND C. JOHAN LISSENBERG
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/5_9.txt,ave_3,5_9.txt,"The balance between carbonate subduction into the deep Earth and CO2 release through degassing at volcanoes is critical for the carbon cycle. Geochemical analyses of an exhumed subduction zone complex in Greece show that fluidmediated reactions could liberate significant amounts of carbon from the subducting slab for later release at arc volcanoes. The image shows crystals of epidote, several millimetres in length, in crosspolarized light. The crystals are from a quartz vein on Tinos island, Greece, that facilitated fluid infiltration and carbonate mineral dissolution.
Letter p355; News & Views p333
IMAGE: JAY J. AGUE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/7_8.txt,ave_2,7_8.txt,"Carbon is carried into the Earth at subduction zones. Geochemical analysis of subducted sediments now exhumed in Alpine Corsica, France, reveal the formation of graphite during shallow subduction, implying that carbonate transformation to graphite aids transport into the deeper Earth. This image shows a contact between hydrothermally altered mantle rocks and blueschist metasediments in Alpine Corsica, France.
Letter p473
IMAGE: ALBERTO VITALE BROVARONE
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/6_7.txt,allv2,6_7.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_8.png,A,"An investigation of methods to engineer the porosity of smart poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels for use as VOC-sensing elements in gaseous environments: The use of a porogen (polyethylene glycol) and freeze-drying procedures is crucial for achieving stable porous structures. The approach can be applied to other hydrogel materials and, therefore, can contribute to the expansion of use cases toward gaseous environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Macroporous hydrogels are highly suitable scaffolds for in vitro cell culturing by mimicking the physiological function of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Under cryoconditions, macroporous hydrogels composed entirely of biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic polypeptides were prepared, and demonstrated to be highly effective cellular scaffolds. Image courtesy of Fatemeh Karimi and Steven Shirbin.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2016_4.txt,ave_2,2016_4.txt,"Redox-responsive hydrogels are fabricated in a fashion that allows fast gelation, as well as “on-demand” degradation upon exposure to a reducing environment, accompanied with the release of encapsulated (bio)macromolecules.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2022_4.txt,allv2,2022_4.txt,"A nanocolloidal gel was formed by the covalent cross-linking of aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals and chitosan-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). At elevated temperature, the pore size showed up to a 4-fold increase, which led to enhanced release of the encapsulated species. This approach to stimulus-responsive control of hydrogel transport properties has potential applications in nanomedicine.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_10.txt,multiBv1,2023_10.txt,test
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_11.png,C,"‘Life on plastic’, inspired by the review on p139.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/18_10.txt,allv2,18_10.txt,"Soil viruses, inspired by the Review on p296.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_8.txt,multiBv1,21_8.txt,"Soil plastic pollution, inspired by the Review on p64.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_11.txt,groundtruth,22_11.txt,"‘Microbial cities’, inspired by the Review on p661 .
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/16_2.txt,ave_3,16_2.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY,22_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.png,C,"Alternatives for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens, inspired by the Review on p262.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_8.txt,ave_3,22_8.txt,"SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Focus issue.
Cover design: Philip Patenall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/21_10.txt,allv2,21_10.txt,"Targeting SARS-CoV-2, inspired by the Review on p391.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_6.txt,groundtruth,22_6.txt,"‘A zoo of viruses’, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Philip Patenall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/20_7.txt,ave_2,20_7.txt,train
Structure,32_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_11.png,A,"On the cover: The study by Mukherjee et al. revealed that the PAS domain of the sensor histidine kinase FlrB of Vibrio
cholerae exhibits a unique architecture and forms a functional dimer. Heme binds FlrB
PAS as the sensory ligand to increase the swimming motility of V. cholerae. Cover
conceptualized by Dr. Jhimli Dasgupta and prepared by Baibhab Chakraborty.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_11.txt,groundtruth,32_11.txt,"On the cover: Two-component systems (TCSs) represent the prevalent strategy for signal
transduction and environmental adaptation in the prokaryotic realm. Upon detection
of signals, sensor histidine kinases (SHK) phosphorylate cognate response regulator
proteins to elicit downstream physiological responses. Intact SHKs have largely eluded
detailed structural characterization until now. Diensthuber et al. (pp. 1127–1136)
report the 2.3 Å structure of the blue-light-regulated SHK YF1 at full length, which
reveals that two light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) sensor domains are attached via a coiled-coil
linker to the effector module. A second coaxially oriented coiled coil between the
LOV domains works as a modulator and transducer of blue-light signals. At the mechanistic
level, light absorption is thought to induce quaternary structure rearrangements of
the LOV domains that are propagated downstream as torque along the coiled coils. The
cover illustrates the idea of using the SHK YF1 structure as a general blueprint for
mechanistic understanding of TCSs.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/21_6.txt,allv2,21_6.txt,"On the cover: The human antibody 1H10 when bound to immature dengue virus can enhance
virus attachment to membranes at low pH, thereby helping to overcome the first step
of the fusion process between the immature virus and the endosomal membrane. The cover
image shows cryoEM maps of immature dengue virus:Fab 1H10 complex at neutral and low
pH conditions. Fabs of low pH complexes are colored in dark green and neutral pH are
colored in light green, respectively; the liposome is depicted as a gray sphere. See
Wirawan et al., pp. 253.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_11.txt,multiBv1,27_11.txt,"On the cover: The viral restriction factor MxB successfully inhibits HIV infection.
MxB has the potential to arrange into long filaments with helical symmetry. In the
cover image, MxB structural domains are illustrated by different materials: the GTPase
domain is illustrated in glass, the bundle signaling element in wood, and the stalk
domain in steel. See Smaga et al., pp. 1234–1245.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/27_5.txt,sbert,27_5.txt,val
BDJ In Practice,37_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_9.png,B,"In this issue
In June's issue of BDJ In Practice, we ask what the future has in store for the profession and the balance between artificial and assisted intelligence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_7.txt,sbert,36_7.txt,"Volume 37 | Issue 4 | April
This themed edition of BDJ In Practice takes a deep dive into the recruitment and retention market as it stands today. With deep-rooted problems stemming back a number of years, what does the outlook look like for the profession?
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_9.txt,groundtruth,37_9.txt,"In this issue...
In March's edition of BDJ In Practice, we take a look at the workforce and recruitment sector - the very foundations of the dental profession
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_10.txt,allv2,35_10.txt,"In this issue...
In the first private dentistry themed issue of BDJ In Practice, we talk to experts across the profession to gauge where the sector is, where it's come from and where it's going
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/36_1.txt,ave_3,36_1.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_8.png,C,"Basophils are important players in systemic and tissue-specific immune responses.
Their functions are regulated by immunoglobulins, enabling basophils to integrate
diverse adaptive and innate immunity signals. On pages 408–423, Andrea Cerutti, Kang
Chen, and colleagues review recent findings of antibody-mediated basophil regulation
and associated disorders. The illustration depicts IgD-binding basophils in the IgD-rich
tonsillar tissue of a patient with periodic fever, adenitis, pharyngitis, aphtous
stomatitis (PFAPA) syndrome. The green and red colors suggest the functional diversity
of basophils due to their interactions with antibodies. Image credit: Kang Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/44_8.txt,sbert,44_8.txt,"Stemming from an overactivated immune system, cytokine storms (CS) are associated
with various pathologies, including infectious diseases (e.g. COVID-19), certain immunodeficiencies,
autoinflammatory diseases, or following therapeutic interventions. On pages 681–705,
Rajendra Karki and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti discuss recent progress in innate immunity
and inflammatory cell death, providing insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms
of CS and a possible rationale for future therapeutic discovery and development. Image
credit: gettyimages/andersborman. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/42_5.txt,multiBv1,42_5.txt,"Sarcoidosis is an immunological disease characterized by the presence
of coalescing, tightly clustered, non-necrotizing granulomas. On pages 406–418, Robert
and colleagues discuss the dysregulated immune responses that may lead to granuloma
formation and maintenance; they propose the novel hypothesis that maladaptive innate
immune training may help drive sarcoidosis pathogenesis. Inspired by Mayan calendar
stones, the image alludes to different immune cells and elements present in a granuloma,
which is a key pathophysiological feature of sarcoidosis. Image credit: Bertsy Goic
drawinscience.fr.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_8.txt,groundtruth,45_8.txt,"While the immune system is distributed across the organism, it is becoming increasingly
clear that local conditions drastically shape the responses in different organs. In
this special issue, we explore how immune responses unfold in distinct tissues, as
well as the basic and clinical implications of these differences. Cover art by Eli
Lee © Biorender.io 2018.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/39_11.txt,allv2,39_11.txt,train
ACS Central Science,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Central Science/2024_3.png,A,"The signature of spin liquid is its diffraction pattern containing structured diffuse scattering. The diffraction patterns of the seven highest symmetry frustrated magnetic topologies are shown here, tiled into a pattern evoking traditional weaving.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) ejected through bursting bubbles at the ocean surface are complex mixtures of salts and organic species, including enzymes, bacteria, and viruses. The work of Dommer et al. provides never before seen views of what SSAs look like at the molecular level.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"Shown in cartoon form is the key finding described by Yang et al., namely, that electron transfer between two pyrrole-based macrocycles and iodine can be readily controlled through the judicious choice of small molecule “players” and variations in the concentration. This work advances our understanding of fundamentals relevant to energy, catalysis, and molecular electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_7.txt,sbert,2024_7.txt,"as part of the journal's Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The piece represents the global and collaborative effort toward solving one of humanity’s most pressing issues: water scarcity. Each hand in the artwork represents a diverse scientist—reflecting the contributions of chemists from different geographic regions, racial backgrounds, and scientific expertise working together to fight against the same challenge using chemistry as a tool.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Central Science/2024_1.txt,ave_3,2024_1.txt,train
BDJ,237_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ/237_6.png,A,"In this issue
This issue features articles on oral syphilis, removable partial dentures, and edentulous patients.

Cover image: From 2013. The image on the front of this edition is a celebration of our Themed Issues. These began in 2013 and to date number 22, with more planned for 2025 and beyond.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_6.txt,groundtruth,237_6.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on composite resin restorations, dental anatomy, and chairside learning.

Cover image: From 2008. The cover for this issue focuses on the dental world of 2008 when a significant development was the beginning of mandatory registration for dental care professionals (DCPs) with the General Dental Council. The ‘featured’ historic cover seen by the right hand of the person in this cover is a SEM, a source of images used from time to time as striking and as a literal representation of science as art; an ongoing connection. Published as Volume 204 No 3 on 9 Feb 2008, little did the world suspect that as the year developed so would a financial crisis, the effects and ramifications of which still have echoes to this day.
©Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_10.txt,sbert,237_10.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on peri-implantitis, implant-supported overdentures, and AI in oral medicine.

Cover image: From 2021. Our 2021 cover series recognising the strains placed on dental professionals in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic aimed to focus attention not only on the crossinfection control measures but also on the consequent human pressures. The cover on this issue (incorporating Vol 230 Issue 5, 12 March 2021) adds visual clues to some of the challenges we experienced in publishing during the pandemic.
©Tim Marrs, incorporating original photography by Filip Gierlinski",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/237_3.txt,multiBv1,237_3.txt,"In this issue
This issue features articles on dental fomite detection, endodontic complexity, and denture cleanliness and hygiene.

Cover image: This special cover series marks 150 years of the BDJ through visual storytelling. The illustrations ahead hope to encourage people to read the original papers, learn from our past and reflect on what we know now. Here the style, line, gesture and symbolism sets the scene for dental intervention within the Victorian classroom (graphite drawing).
Cover art by Rachel Jackson",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ/233_12.txt,allv2,233_12.txt,train
Nature Reviews Nephrology,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.png,C,"Mechanisms of incretin drugs, inspired by the Review on p227.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_9.txt,sbert,17_9.txt,"Food as medicine, inspired by the Review on p153.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/17_10.txt,multiBv1,17_10.txt,"Drug repurposing, inspired by the Review on p707.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Post-translational modifications, inspired by the Review on p495.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Nephrology/20_5.txt,allv2,20_5.txt,val
Chem & Bio Engineering,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.png,D,Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_2.txt,multiBv1,2024_2.txt,Thermal-triggered non-equilibrium transesterification enables on-demand phosphorescence emission. The modulus change of the polymer is visualized on the basis of the intensity of the phosphorescence. 3D printing of multi-material-structured objects with complex shapes is used to achieve information encryption of printings and on-demand regionally emitted multi-colored phosphorescence.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_10.txt,ave_3,2024_10.txt,"on photo and photothermal conversion of CO2 to CO and CH4 by single-atom catalysis are reviewed. The reaction mechanism is comprehensively analyzed, and future research directions are prospected.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2024_8.txt,allv2,2024_8.txt,Machine learning methods are used in industrial organic waste gasification to realize the accurate,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chem & Bio Engineering/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_9.png,C,The pyrene-appended Fe(III) complex detects L-arginine compared to other amino acids via TURN-ON fluorescence through the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process. This graphic was created using Freepik’s AI Tool.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_3.txt,ave_3,2025_3.txt,rst decade and a half of the 21st century has seen an awakening in the pharmaceutical community for increased and focused application of materials science and engineering principles for optimal pharmaceutical performance. The phrase “,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2015_1.txt,allv2,2015_1.txt,"A holistic model for accelerated and affordable drug discovery of high bioavailability and improved medicines through the seamless integration of organic synthesis, chemical biology, structural databases, and drug–receptor complexes and assisted by artificial neural networks is presented by Nangia (art by the team of INMYWORK Studio).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene was co-crystallized with Zn2+ and two model proteins having distinct structural/chemical properties. The cover image shows a framework obtained with cytochrome c. Thiacalixarene binds to the protein by lysine encapsulation and supports a pentanuclear Zn cluster that binds other proteins. Thus, Crowley and co-workers demonstrate that thiacalixarene enables macrocycle- and metal-mediated protein assembly.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2022_8.txt,ave_2,2022_8.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_7.png,A,"On the cover: Liu et al. reveal the evolutionary dynamics and tumor-immune interplay in acral melanoma (AM).
The cover metaphorically represents the progression from AM in situ (AMis) to invasive AM (iAM). AMis tumors (grapes near vines) are homogeneous (green),
and iAM close to them are also green, indicating monoclonal dissemination. During
vertical invasion, some grapes change in shape and color, representing increased heterogeneity.
These abnormal tumors (purple grapes) are more invasive, and APOE+CD163+ macrophages
(birds) are attracted to promote tumor invasion. Image credit: Hengkang Liu and Ruidong
Xue.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_7.txt,groundtruth,42_7.txt,"On the cover: This cover describes a two-step therapeutic approach based on melanoma
phenotype switching (represented as melanoma metamorphosis). First, proliferative
cells (insect larvae) are differentiated to dendritic melanoma cells (butterflies)
by using MTX (cocoons). By upregulating MITF, MTX depletes the pool of invasive melanoma
cells that drive metastasis formation (infested apples) and sensitizes differentiated
cells to TMECG therapy. The effectiveness of the therapy is strictly dependent on
processing of the TMECG prodrug (butterflies net) by TYR (girl), a melanocyte-specific
gene, therefore avoiding damage to other cell types that is a major disadvantage of
conventional chemotherapies. Cover design by Leticia Rodríguez Ruano.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/24_6.txt,allv2,24_6.txt,"On the cover: Tumors are characterized by proliferating cancer cells (here mimicked
by colored candies) acquiring and selecting distinct genomic alterations (the colors
of the candies). The advantage provided by one alteration, and thus its probability
of being selected, depends on the alterations already present. For example, the red
alteration synergizes with the orange alteration, leading to clonal expansion of red
and orange cells. Conversely, the red alteration does not provide a selective advantage
with the green alteration, and thus it is not selected. For more details, see Mina
et al., pp. 155–168.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/32_5.txt,sbert,32_5.txt,"On the cover: Huang et al. perform spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia (IM) samples from
a prospective clinical study and reveal clonal dynamics in the evolution from IM to
gastric cancer. The waveforms in the cover image represent the normal epithelial lining
of the stomach, which comprises undulating glandular formations. The occurrence of
IM (red areas) is associated with inflammation, microbial communities, and increased
risk of gastric cancer. Image credit: Radhika Patnala Sci-Illustrate.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/41_1.txt,multiBv1,41_1.txt,test
Nature Electronics,7_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_3.png,D,"Doping graphene with oxidized monolayers
Graphene can be doped to high carrier densities via charge transfer from a neighbouring monolayer of tungsten oxyselenide, which is created by oxidizing a layer of tungsten diselenide. The optical microscopy image on the cover shows two silicon nitride microring resonators, with the top resonator incorporating the doped graphene as a transparent electrode.
See Choi et al.
Image: Ipshita Datta, Columbia University. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/4_3.txt,sbert,4_3.txt,"AI chips stack up
Stackable chips that use optoelectronic device arrays for chip-to-chip communication and neuromorphic cores based on memristor crossbar arrays for parallel data processing could be used to create energy-efficient sensor-computing systems for artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The optical microscopy image on the cover shows an AI processor chip, which can be combined with a range of different sensor and computing chips depending on the requirements of the application.
See Choi et al. and News & Views by Miao
Image: Jeehwan Kim, Chanyeol Choi, Hyunseok Kim, Ji-Hoon Kang and Min-Kyu Song. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_7.txt,multiBv1,5_7.txt,"Two-dimensional materials go analogue
Operational amplifiers can be fabricated from two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors and used to create analogue feedback circuits such as inverting amplifiers, integrators, log amplifiers and transimpedance amplifiers. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a chip containing these operational amplifiers (each with a footprint of around 0.04 mm2), as well as test transistors.
See Polyushkin et al.
Image: Thomas Mueller. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/3_5.txt,allv2,3_5.txt,"Two-dimensional devices stack up
Graphene chemisensors and molybdenum disulfide memtransistors can be vertically stacked using a monolithic integration process to create near-sensor computing chips. The false-colour scanning electron microscopy image on the cover shows a two-tier cell containing two graphene chemitransistors located above two molybdenum disulfide memtransistors.
See Ghosh et al. and News & Views by Han et al.
Image: Saptarshi Das, Subir Ghosh, The Pennsylvania State University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_3.txt,groundtruth,7_3.txt,train
ACS Materials Letters,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Letters/2024_2.png,A,easy control over film crystallization,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"It was recently demonstrated that perovskite single-crystals perform better than their polycrystalline thin-films counterparts due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties (low trap density, high carrier mobility, and long carrier lifetime and diffusion length). In this Review, Murali and Mohammed et al. provide a comprehensive overview of the growth methods, chemical stability, ion migration, and charge carrier dynamics of the perovskite single-crystals, as well as their potential applications in light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and solar cells. The cover art shows a solar cell architecture where the perovskite single-crystal absorber layer is sandwiched between hole- and electron-transporting layers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2020_11.txt,multiBv1,2020_11.txt,Stimuli-responsive programmability in the luminescence and mechanical properties of the single crystals of a pyrene-functionalized naphthalidenimine is reported. Chemical inputs such as Cu(II) ions and acid vapors led to changes in luminescence and mechanical flexibility of single crystals which were utilized to perform molecular logic operations.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2022_1.txt,allv2,2022_1.txt,"This study introduces an efficient boric acid cross-linking strategy for enhancing the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of PVA-doped films. The rigidity of the polymer matrix is increased through covalent cross-linking, resulting in both high efficiency and long lifetime by suppressing non-radiative decay and reducing luminescence quenching under ambient conditions. This RTP system has been successfully applied in inkjet printing and binary anti-counterfeiting applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Materials Letters/2025_2.txt,ave_3,2025_2.txt,train
Nature Chemical Biology,20_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemical Biology/20_1.png,C,"Targeted protein degradation
The cover image depicts the Roman god Janus as having two faces that look to the past and the future and also illustrates the bifunctional nature of the tools used in targeted protein degradation (TPD). This approach utilizes molecular glues or bifunctional compounds to induce stable protein–protein interactions between an endogenous protein of interest and the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The collection of pieces in this issue highlights recent research reporting applications of TPD to broader classes of protein targets and for revealing new biological insights.
IMAGE: Powerofforever/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty. COVER DESIGN: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/16_2.txt,allv2,16_2.txt,"Keeping translation on track
The cover illustrates the synthetic protein quality control (ProQC) system, in which a 5’ toehold switch hybridizes with a trigger sequence at the 3’ end of the mRNA to facilitate ribosomal translation of full-length proteins.
See Yang et al.
Image: Younghee Lee, CUBE3D Graphic. Cover Design: Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/17_9.txt,ave_3,17_9.txt,"A mark for degradation
Seabrook et al. developed MrTAC, a targeted protein degradation modality using arginine methylation to shuttle intracellular proteins to lysosomes for rapid degradation. The cover shows a confocal microscopy image of methylated proteins (gold) in HeLa cells organizing into cytosolic puncta with a nuclear costain (DAPI, blue).
See Seabrook et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Laurence Seabrook, University of California, Irvine. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_1.txt,groundtruth,20_1.txt,"Lighting up proteins by RNA editing
A method termed RENAPT combines RNA editing and site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids, enabling introduction of small chemical tags into endogenous proteins for live-cell imaging. The cover depicts a super-resolution image of the GRP94 protein, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone (in red), achieved through RENAPT.
See Hao et al. and Doura et al.
Image: Tao Liu and Min Hao, Peking University. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemical Biology/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,test
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_11.png,C,"The cover demonstrates the difference in charge densities obtained from polarization frozen density embedding (FDE-pol) and conventional freeze-and-thaw embedding with external orthogonality (EO). The FDE-pol method is proposed in this work, where a classical polarization between the molecule and the metal cluster is employed to complement the exact embedding interaction obtained by freeze-and-thaw cycles. The small difference density suggests that the proposed polarization embedding method has good accuracy while significantly reducing the computational cost.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2019_1.txt,ave_2,2019_1.txt,"The electrical response induced by a temperature gradient in insulating fluids may be potentially relevant in living matter, e.g., in the case of the temperature drop across the mitochondrial intermembrane space. We propose a new method to simulate numerically thermoelectric effects in insulating fluids and apply it to liquid water.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,"In ionic conductors, a temperature gradient can induce a charge flow. This effect is of paramount importance in energy storage and conversion. We propose a new numerical method for the evaluation of the thermo-electric transport coefficient via Bayesian regression. The image was generated using the",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Combining the Kubo formula with the finite-temperature time-dependent density matrix renormalization group in the grand canonical ensemble, we developed a nearly exact algorithm to calculate the thermoelectric power factor",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation/2022_2.txt,ave_3,2022_2.txt,train
Science Robotics,9_90,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_90.png,D,"ONLINE COVER Developing a Good Eye. Computer vision and robotics share the goal of creating systems that can understand their environments and interact with nearby objects. These systems often learn with data, such as photographs, selected by humans. Ideally, robotic agents would visually scan a scene and then autonomously identify important areas (such as a door frame or table edges). Ramakrishnan et al. used reinforcement learning to train an agent to automatically identify parts of images that allowed it to complete the rest. The authors then added a ""sidekick"" policy with additional data from partial views from different locations. The agent learned exploration behaviors that could be applied to new visual tasks. [CREDIT: SANTHOSH RAMAKRISHNAN/UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS (ROBOT: KIRILL MAKAROV/DREAMSTIME.COM]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/4_30.txt,sbert,4_30.txt,"ONLINE COVER Microrobots Make Big Steps Toward Autonomy. Existing microrobots are generally limited to external control through magnetic fields or light. Microrobots that are able to integrate control, power, and sensing internally (or onboard) are expected to achieve greater autonomy than their externally controlled counterparts. Reynolds et al. have built microscopic robots controlled by onboard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. These microrobots are powered by light and use onboard computers to execute pre-programmed motions. This month’s cover is a false-color scanning electron microscope image of microscopic robots before release. Credit: Qingkun Liu/McEuen and Cohen Labs/Cornell University",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/7_70.txt,allv2,7_70.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Robotics and AI in the Global South. The Global South offers unique research perspectives and opportunities to advance robotics and AI beyond the Global North. Melo et al. developed SpyCroc and SpyLizard from a legged robot platform and aesthetically similar skins to crocodiles and monitor lizards, respectively. These robots, which contained cameras mounted as their eyes, were deployed on the banks of the Nile River in Uganda over a 2-week period to observe animal interactions in their natural habitat, without interruption from humans. This month’s cover is an image of SpyCroc on the banks of the Nile River. Credit: Melo et alMAC_Bench/Science Robotics",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_85.txt,multiBv1,8_85.txt,"ONLINE COVER A Lens-Free Compound Eye. The wide field of view and motion tracking capabilities of insect eyes are attractive features to roboticists, but have been difficult to replicate when transferring lenses to a curved surface. Taking inspiration from a robber fly’s eye, Zhou et al. developed a lens-free pinhole compound eye with a perovskite nanowire photodetector array. This pinhole compound eye exhibited a wide field of view and dynamic motion tracking. This month’s cover shows a fusion of an image composite of a robber fly’s eye on the left and an illustration of the pinhole compound eye on the right. Credit: Beijing Fantastic Color Animation Technology Co., Ltd., and Muhammad Roem",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_90.txt,groundtruth,9_90.txt,train
Cancer Cell,42_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cancer Cell/42_9.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image depicts a Pandora's box that contains Janus kinase 2
(JAK2) and is locked closed by a key in the shape of the type II JAK2 inhibitor CHZ868.
In this issue, Meyers et al. (pp. 15–28) and Wu et al. (pp. 29–41) demonstrate that
CHZ868 is active in both myeloid and lymphoid cancers dependent on JAK2, even in the
setting of resistance to type I JAK2 inhibitors. Original image: hand-cut paper sculpture
by Aimee Empey-Rives using recycled Bristol board.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/28_6.txt,sbert,28_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue of Cancer Cell, two papers by Barisic et al. and Deng et al. evaluate how mutations in components of the BAF complex lead to the development of
B cell malignancies. In the cover, Barisic et al. demonstrate that ARID1A is required
for continuous eviction of nucleosomes, facilitating the sequential binding of transcription
factors necessary for safeguarding germinal center B cell fate towards plasma cells.
The cover image symbolizes ARID1A as Sisyphus, exerting significant effort and energy
to push boulders uphill, analogous to the BAF complex and ARID1A using energy from
ATP hydrolysis for nucleosome eviction. Birds in the image symbolize the antibodies
produced by plasma cells when ARID1A effectively remodels nucleosomes. Credit: Art
by Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_9.txt,groundtruth,42_9.txt,"On the cover: Fitzsimons et al. present a comprehensive pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells,
revealing key associations with responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and
placing these findings in a spatial context. The cover artwork depicts the identification
of B cells within the tumor microenvironment, illustrating the high-resolution phenotyping
of distinct B cell subsets.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/42_3.txt,allv2,42_3.txt,"On the cover: Exhausted T cells acquire a distinct chromatin state (represented by
nucleosomes) that mediates dysfunction in cancer. The hands represent CRISPR‐based
genome engineering to remove Arid1a (teal) from the canonical BAF chromatin remodeling
complex (red), which prevents the acquisition of the epigenetic hallmarks of exhaustion
and improves anti‐tumor immunity. Read more by Belk et al. (768–786). Design and visualization
by SciStories LLC.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cancer Cell/40_6.txt,multiBv1,40_6.txt,train
ACS Photonics,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Photonics/2024_3.png,D,"The cover illustrates plasmonic trace sensing below the shot noise limit, which is the lowest possible classical noise limit that can be acquired when using laser light as the optical readout. A vapor cell filled with rubidium takes optical fields, which initially have intensity noise equal to or greater than the shot noise, as pump and probe input (yellow and purple). The “squeezed light” output beam has much smaller intensity fluctuations. These smaller quantum fluctuations cause the noise floor to extend below the shot noise level, allowing much more sensitive analyte detection in the Kretschmann configuration shown. See DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00501. Image courtesy of Raphael Pooser",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_12.txt,multiBv1,2016_12.txt,"The cover illustrates thin, mechanically flexible opto-fluidic fluorescence sensors based on heterogeneously integrated microscale vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (micro-VCSELs) and silicon photodiodes (Si-PDs) on plastics. Lithographically defined optical isolation trenches and multilayer-based wavelength- and angle-selective spectral filters effectively blocked the excitation light to the Si-PD to significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and detection limit. The large-area, optoelectronic fluorescence sensors with monolithically integrated elastomeric fluidic channels on a flexible substrate enabled multiplexed sensing of fluorescent analytes in a real-time, continuous manner. See DOI:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00080. Image courtesy of Jongseung Yoon and Dongseok Kang.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2016_7.txt,allv2,2016_7.txt,"Representation of a near-infrared femtosecond laser by the lens of varying focal lengths. On tight focusing in gases, laser-induced plasma is produced, having differential breakdown volumes. Comparing the plasma parameters of the breakdown reveals striking variations at energy densities critical for self-focusing.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2023_8.txt,sbert,2023_8.txt,"A dual-comb laser measures the depth-dependent dynamics within a multi-layered turbid medium, thereby offering the potential to measure the blood flow in different layers.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Photonics/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,val
NATURE MATERIALS,23_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE MATERIALS/23_11.png,D,"Nanoscale lithography of metal–organic frameworks
The low dielectric constants and high porosity of MOFs are of interest for applications in electronics and sensors, but patterning techniques for these materials are in their infancy. Here, direct X-ray and electron-beam lithography at sub-50-nm resolution are reported that leave porosity and crystallinity intact.
See Tu et al. and Faustini
Image: Rob Ameloot. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/20_12.txt,multiBv1,20_12.txt,"The selective separation of molecules with similar size and shape at low concentration in air is an important technological challenge. A porous organic-cage molecule is now shown to exhibit unprecedented performance for the separation of rare gases, with selectivity arising from a precise size match between the rare gas and the organic-cage cavity.
Article p954
IMAGE: ADAM KEWLEY
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/13_3.txt,allv2,13_3.txt,"The spatial organization of porous coordination-polymer crystals into higher-order structures is critical for their integration in heterogeneous catalysts, separation systems and electrochemical devices. A method for spatially controlling the nucleation site leading to the formation of mesoscopic architecture in porous coordination polymers, in both two and three dimensions, is now demonstrated.
Article p717
COVER IMAGE: SHUHEI FURUKAWA
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/11_5.txt,sbert,11_5.txt,"Precise control of gas transport in metal–organic framework glasses
Porosity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks can be preserved beyond the glass transition and melt processing. Here centimetre-scale porous glasses are demonstrated, while liquid processing enables fine-tuning of the size of the gas-transporting channels for molecular sieving.
See Smirnova et al.
Image: Oksana Smirnova, Friedrich Schiller University Jena. Cover design: Alex Whitworth",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE MATERIALS/23_11.txt,groundtruth,23_11.txt,val
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,45_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.png,B,"Cover Credit: Lonicerin (LCR), a bioactive compound found in plants of the Lonicera japonica species, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of LCR on wound healing under diabetes and the specific mechanism of LCR's effect has not been covered. In this study, we discovered for the first time that LCR has a potent ability to promote cell autophagy and identified the upstream regulatory protein Sirt1 as a potential target for LCR. Additionally, our results indicate that LCR can promote angiogenesis, cell migration, and anti-apoptosis, which may have implications for other research areas such as skin flap survival, In this studycerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and intestinal epithelial injury healing. Doi:10.1038/s41401-023-01193-5. See the article in pages 815–830",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_9.txt,ave_1,45_9.txt,"Cover Credit: Urolithin A, as a fruit-derived natural product, protects against atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by pleiotropic mechanisms, including promoting NO production, inhibiting YAP/TAZ-dependent endothelial inflammation as well as lowering lipid levels. Doi:10.1038/s41401-024-01317-5. See the article in pages 2277–2289",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_2.txt,groundtruth,45_2.txt,"Cover Credit: Bergapten on NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory diseases
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation produces potent therapeutic effects in a wide array of inflammatory diseases. The schematic describes that bergapten, a natural organic compound in herbal medicines and fruits, effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and pyroptosis through maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting mitophagy, suggesting its potential role in suppressing the inflammatory response. See the article in pages 1867–1878.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/44_4.txt,allv2,44_4.txt,"Cover Credit: Schematic illustration of possible mechanisms contributing to curcumin against desipramine-induced apoptosis and insulin secretion impairment. Curcumin could inhibit the binding of AKAP150 to PP2B and the phosphorylation of synapsin 1 induced by desipramine, and suppress desipramine-induced insulin secretion impairment. Moreover, curcumin could inhibit desipramine-induced apoptosis through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway. (DOI 10.1038/s41401-023-01176-6). See the article in pages 327–338",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Acta Pharmacologica Sinica/45_11.txt,sbert,45_11.txt,train
Nature Aging,4_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_9.png,D,"Brain mitophagy delays systemic aging
In this issue, Schmid and colleagues demonstrate that the cellular clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria, via mitophagy, is compromised in the aging fruit fly brain. Genetic overexpression of neuronal BNIP3, a protein involved in the induction of mitophagy, was shown to delay systemic aging in the fruit flies. The cover illustrates engulfment of dysfunctional mitochondria in the brain for removal via mitophagy to promote healthy aging and depicts the fruit fly as the model organism.
See Schmid et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Lautrup and Fang
Cover image: Dr. Leila Fletcher. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_7.txt,sbert,2_7.txt,"Memory effect of early adulthood rapamycin
In this issue, Juricic, Lu, Leech and colleagues demonstrate that a brief exposure to rapamycin in early adulthood has the same geroprotective effects as lifelong treatment in fruit flies and mice. This long-lasting geroprotection from rapamycin is achieved by a persistent increase in intestinal autophagy. The cover shows a memory card game, highlighting the ‘memory effects’ of rapamycin on flies, mice, the gut and the autophagy machinery.
See Juricic et al.
Cover image: Bruna Di Giacomo, MPI for Biology of Ageing. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,"FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling
In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation.
See Martínez Corrales et al.
Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"mTOR, inflammaging and longevity
In this issue, Pingze Zhang et al. reveal that S6K suppression in the fruit-fly fat body mediates the longevity effects of rapamycin, and uncover a sex-dimorphic link through to lysosome morphology and inflammation, via Syntaxin 13. The cover image conceptualizes the link to inflammaging by depicting aged flies as confined to a jar (representing the nuclear localization of the Drosophila NFκB-like transcription factor Relish), emitting brighter light (representing upregulation of inflammatory mediators).
See Zhang et al.
Image: Bruna Di Giacomo, Independent Artist. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Aging/4_9.txt,groundtruth,4_9.txt,train
Molecular Plant,17_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Plant/17_12.png,C,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_13.txt,allv2,17_13.txt,"On The Cover A DNA mycovirus converts a cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum into an endophyte on rapeseed that promotes plant health. The seedling inoculated
with virus-infected fungus grows vigorously. The virus-infected fungus growing on
rapeseed tissues is highlighted in the large circle. The green tube-like structures
are fungal hyphae, on which the dots with dark red color indicate virus particles.
Image by: Hongxiang Zhang, Daohong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_3.txt,ave_3,13_3.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates a leaf of the fern Ceratopteris richardii infected by the pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia scleroriorum. An angiosperm pathogen can infect a non-angiosperm plant, suggesting at least partial
conservation of molecular regulation of plant-microbe interactions. Overlay of real
colour image and 488nm-excited fluorescent image after dye with GFP-conjugated Wheat
Germ Agglutin, known to bind chitin. Image by Baptiste CASTEL with the assistance
of NightCafé (https://creator.nightcafe.studio).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/17_12.txt,groundtruth,17_12.txt,"On The Cover A DNA mycovirus converts a cosmopolitan necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum into an endophyte on rapeseed that promotes plant health. The seedling inoculated
with virus-infected fungus grows vigorously. The virus-infected fungus growing on
rapeseed tissues is highlighted in the large circle. The green tube-like structures
are fungal hyphae, on which the dots with dark red color indicate virus particles.
Image by: Hongxiang Zhang, Daohong Jiang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Plant/13_4.txt,ave_2,13_4.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.png,A,"In this Account, we summarize our ongoing research contributions, including (i) the design of flip-flop ligands and FDCs",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"This Account discusses different classes of synthetic light-switchable compounds, comparing their behavior under confinement and in solution. We find that photoswitches that require more conformational freedom are more challenging to switch under confinement, but also can influence system-wide behavior. Cover art by Tian Lu. See article by Rafal Klajn and co-authors (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00434).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2020_2.txt,allv2,2020_2.txt,"The possibilities seem almost limitless as Watson–Crick base pairing permits the design and construction of molecular-scale architectures that act as vessels, chips, sensors, machines, and computers. Cover art contributions from Liedl (DOI: 10.1021/ar400319n), Famulok (DOI: 10.1021/ar400321h), Dwyer (DOI: 10.1021/ar500054u), and Seeman (DOI: 10.1021/ar500159g).  Design and layout by Philipp Nickels, Stephanie Simmel, and Amy Phifer. Background photo by Andrew Morton (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2014_7.txt,multiBv1,2014_7.txt,"–ligand binding conformations and affinities, is a pivotal element of structure-based virtual screening. We delineate the current status of employing deep learning to enhance molecular docking within the virtual screening paradigm, highlighting our contributions (KarmaDock and RTMScore) in this realm. Furthermore, we pinpoint the extant challenges and envision future prospects, drawing profound insights from our scholarly endeavors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_15.txt,sbert,2024_15.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.png,D,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,sbert,20_7.txt,"The October issue includes Reviews on diet and exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the pathogenesis and treatment of primary aldosteronism and precision medicine for neuroendocrine neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract.
Image: Dermal adipocyte staining in the skin of a 35-day-old ‘adipochaser’ mouse. Image supplied by Zhuzhen Zhang and Philipp Scherer, Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/16_3.txt,allv2,16_3.txt,"Targeting the central melanocortin system, inspired by the Review on p507.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/19_4.txt,multiBv1,19_4.txt,"Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, inspired by the Review on p447.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_5.txt,groundtruth,20_5.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_6.png,C,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_1,1_12.txt,"The potential of city rooftops
Rooftops have space to accommodate photovoltaic panels and urban agriculture interventions, which could have consequences for energy consumption, heat regulation and economic wellbeing. Studies by Yang et al., Simpson et al. and Khan et al. show this potential, and unexpected tradeoffs.
See Yang et al. , Simpson et al. and Khan et al.
Image: GlobalVision Communication/GlobalVision 360/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_2.txt,allv2,1_2.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,groundtruth,1_6.txt,"Segregation shaping cities
Trends in segregation continue to shape cities worldwide. Examining different aspects, Elbers writes about demographic changes across US metro regions and Maloutas examines how vertical segregation within buildings affects inequality.
See Elbers & Maloutas
Image: C_Fernandes/iStock/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_10.txt,multiBv1,1_10.txt,train
Structure,33_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/33_2.png,D,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_1.txt,allv2,33_1.txt,"On the cover: The image depicts the unravelling of the long sought-after heptosyltransferase
I (WaaC)-acceptor interaction. The protein displayed is the glycosyltransferase WaaC,
a promising antivirulence target. The crystal structure of a pseudo-ternary complex
presented here provides insight into the acceptor binding mode and associated domain
movements, thereby offering potential drug target sites. See Blaukopf et al., pp.
1399–1407 Cover credit: Andrea Blaukopf.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/26_3.txt,ave_3,26_3.txt,"On the cover: The reaction center (RC)–light-harvesting 1 (LH1) membrane pigment-protein
complex plays a key role in bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bracun et al. (318–328)
determined the structure of the RC–LH1 supercomplex from the model photosynthetic
bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using cryo-electron microscopy. The RC–LH1 complex contains an additional transmembrane
peptide, PufX, which mediates the interactions between RC and LH1 and the opening
of the surrounding LH1 ring. This study also reveals the structural flexibility of
the LH1 subunits at the edges of the opened ring. The unique architecture of the RC–LH1
supercomplex enables efficient electron transport and the fine-tuning of its functionality
in purple photosynthetic bacteria. Cover art credit: Lu-Ning Liu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_10.txt,ave_2,31_10.txt,"On the cover: Alternative complex III from Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaACIII) is a multi-subunit quinol acceptor oxidoreductase that couples quinol oxidation
with transmembrane proton translocation in respiratory and photosynthetic electron
transport chains. This image shows CaACIII structures determined by X-ray crystallography
and cryoelectron microscopy. The CaACIII crystal structure presented in this issue
by Wu et al. highlights the conformational stability of its core functional modules and reveals
local flexibility in regions with low sequence conservation.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/33_2.txt,groundtruth,33_2.txt,test
Molecular Therapy,32_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Molecular Therapy/32_4.png,A,"On the cover: The cover is an abstract photograph capturing many and various marvels at the Gardens
by the Bay in Singapore. It symbolizes the variety of targets to be discovered in
the field of cell and gene therapy and the hazy complexity of the methodologies aimed
at their identification. Image credit: Pierluigi Di Pietro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/32_4.txt,groundtruth,32_4.txt,"On the Cover: This issue of Molecular Therapy is the first of its 20th year of publication. The field of gene and cell therapy has changed significantly
during these two decades: the science has led to real therapies that are now beginning
to impact patients. Many issues remain to be solved, however, if these promising molecular
therapies are to become affordable and accessible treatment options for both patients
and medical providers. Molecular Therapy and its sibling journals look forward to covering these important issues in the decades
to come. Cover credit: iStock.com/YinYang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_14.txt,allv2,27_14.txt,"On the Cover: The cover image details the mechanism of action of designed mRNA delivery to a target
cell via a liposomal nanoparticle. This special issue of Molecular Therapy is focused on the development of mRNA-based therapies. Katalin Kariko´ (BioNTech
RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH) and Paloma Giangrande (Moderna) served as the guest editors.
Image courtesy of Moderna Inc.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/27_11.txt,sbert,27_11.txt,"On the Cover: The image is an artistic presentation of the PeptiENV platform described in Ylösmäki
et al., pp. 2315–2325. The metallic grey/blue-ish particles represent an enveloped
virus and the white, green, and purple “string of beads” represents the attached therapeutic
peptides. This is a very simple yet effective method of increasing the tumor-specific
T cell responses of clinically relevant enveloped viruses.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Molecular Therapy/26_4.txt,multiBv1,26_4.txt,val
Accounts of Materials Research,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_6.png,A,"Emulating natural photosynthesis, artificial leaves constructed with semiconductor photoelectrodes harness solar energy to convert water, carbon dioxide, etc. into valuable fuels/chemicals. This Account describes recent advancements in silicon-based photoelectrodes, emphasizing innovative design and integration solutions for practical artificial photosynthesis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,The unique 2D atomic layer structure with defects shows enormous potential to trigger efficient photocatalytic performance. The affiliated article reviews the recent advances and perspectives of defective 2D atomic layers to satisfy broad energy photocatalytic applications.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2023_2.txt,allv2,2023_2.txt,"Precise and multifarious droplet manipulation can be achieved on rationally designed heterogeneous surfaces, which promotes the development of various fields including biological sensing and detection, optical/electronic device fabrication, and energy conversion and collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2021_9.txt,multiBv1,2021_9.txt,"Shining light on CO2 empowers its conversion to CO, CH3OH, and CH4. The red-orange glow around the Earth, merging into a green interior hue, portends how the unification of the light and heat of the sun enables CO2 photothermal catalysis to produce commodity chemicals and fuels, facilitating a sustainable future for humankind.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Materials Research/2022_1.txt,sbert,2022_1.txt,test
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_42,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_42.png,D,"Molecular dynamics reveals that trapped waters have significant effects on the correct biological functioning of a protein. In the case of myoglobin, for instance, a water molecule can “block” ligands’ entrance/escape, act as a “wedge” supporting cavity dynamics, or join a “flow” of waters to take ligands to the solvent. See Ceccarelli and co-workers, p 5156.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2010_38.txt,sbert,2010_38.txt,View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2023_20.txt,multiBv1,2023_20.txt,The surprising solvation environment of methylglyoxal at the air/liquid water interface suggests new chemical pathways for hydration that are more feasible in the absence of atmospheric acid catalyzers.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_39.txt,allv2,2020_39.txt,free stream exits the mountain.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_42.txt,groundtruth,2024_42.txt,train
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.png,A,"Highlighting the broad range of high-quality work led by early career scientists (≤ 10 years from PhD) in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery publishing in the journal, Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled “Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Delivery Research from Early Career Scientists”. Within this VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research by young researchers.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the VSI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,"Showcasing drug delivery research performed within the biotech and pharma industry, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Research Frontiers in Industrial Drug Delivery and Formulation Science.""  In this VSI the Guest Editor Team has assembled a superb collection of articles describing research and development led by industrial scientists and performed in collaboration with academic institutions.  An accompanying editorial  by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,sbert,2023_5.txt,train
Joule,8_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_9.png,B,"On the cover: In this issue, Yi et al. introduce a simple method to fabricate high-quality perovskite films at room temperature
by precisely regulating the perovskite composition with an organic linker. The cover
art depicts perovskite films on natural leaves, which can be fabricated using this
method without thermal annealing. The optimized device achieved an impressive efficiency
of 24.4%, surpassing the efficiencies of previous room/low-temperature-processed perovskite
solar cells. Image credit: Jeongung Cho (3D Morph).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_6.txt,ave_2,8_6.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wang et al. introduce a multifunctional cross-linkable elastomer into perovskite films, revolutionizing
the development of highly efficient and mechanically resilient flexible perovskite
solar cells (f-PSCs). The zwitterionic fusion within the cross-linked elastomers,
residing on grain boundaries, endows the flexible perovskite films with an instantaneous
self-curing ability under mild treatment conditions. This proposed method is expected
to promote the progress of f-PSCs toward industrialization. Designed by Yaohua Wang.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_9.txt,groundtruth,8_9.txt,"On the Cover: The toughening of just one interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
by using a rationally chosen in situ low-dimensional (LD) metal halide perovskite thin capping layer results in the synergistic
enhancement of photovoltaic performance, operational stability, mechanical reliability,
and bending durability of PSCs, as demonstrated by Dong et al. in this issue. In this
image, at the left side of the illustrated heart is our proposed idea of utilizing
the LD metal halide perovskite thin capping layer to prevent cracks in 3D perovskite
thin films. At the right side of the heart, we illustrated the final application of
flexible perovskite solar cells. Such combination of research and development strategy
completes the heart, resulting in the success of flexible solar cells. Cover art by
Min Chen and Scimage, with a special thanks to F.P. Journe boutique in Los Angeles
for discussion.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/5_7.txt,allv2,5_7.txt,"On the cover: Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit dramatic potential in the
application of distributed photovoltaics (e.g., cabin in the forest, traveling caravan)
to promote the low-carbon lifestyle. The qualities of the electron transport layer
play a crucial part in performance of PSCs. In this issue, Huang et al. propose a
ligand-engineered deposition strategy based on the coordination ability of ligands
to precisely regulate TiO2 film formation, resulting in the smooth topography (illustrated by the cobblestone
arrangement) and interfacial cross-linked structure with perovskite (illustrated by
the chalk painting), which are favorable for the performance enhancement of PSCs.
Cover art by Hao Huang, Peng Cui, and Meicheng Li of North China Electric Power University.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_4.txt,ave_3,6_4.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_386,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_386.png,B,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that describes a calcium-accumulating region in Orai channels that is important for ion flux at low concentrations of extracellular calcium. The image shows a snapshot of a molecular dynamics simulation of this region of the channel. The yellow balls are calcium ions. [Image: Vasilina Zayats/Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/8_408.txt,allv2,8_408.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on calcium regulation of the permeability of the nuclear pore complex. The image depicts a nuclear pore. [Image: A. Patel and Z. U. A. Chowdhury, University of London, London, UK.]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_386.txt,groundtruth,2007_386.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Focus Issue that highlights molecular insights into the cell-specific roles and regulation of the ORAI Ca2+ channel in cells of the immune system. The image shows the CAR (calcium-accumulating region) at the extracellular side of the ORAI channel. [Image: Shmuel Muallem, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; structure provided by Rainer Schindl, Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/9_418.txt,ave_3,9_418.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article about a signaling complex that enables the compartmentalized regulation of cyclic AMP signaling by calcium entering through a specific channel. The image shows the effects of calcium released from internal stores on interactions between wild-type or mutant forms of proteins in this complex. [Image: Debbie Willoughby/University of Cambridge, United Kingdom]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/5_219.txt,multiBv1,5_219.txt,test
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,2_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.png,C,"Neurological disorders or traumatic events that cause hand paralysis limit our ability to reach and manipulate objects with our hands. Neuroprosthetic technologies, and, in particular, ‘brain-to-body’ interfaces, may decode hand motor intent from brain signals and activate muscles accordingly, allowing voluntary control of movements while bypassing the neurological lesion. See Elena Losanno et al.
Cover image: Jeeshiu Design. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/1_7.txt,allv2,1_7.txt,"Human brain organoids can partly mimic the structure and function of the human brain and are being explored for the investigation of human brain development, biology and disease. With their increasing complexity and applications, ethical questions have arisen focused on how to classify, use and regulate these tissues. See Nathan A. Shlobin et al
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_4.txt,ave_3,2_4.txt,"Brain-machine interfaces can be connected to the nervous system to decode neural signals and translate them into commands for the control of external devices, for example, to enable individuals with paralysis to restore movements. However, long-term stability and wireless transmission of neural data remain challenging. In addition, issues of hype, patient access, user-centred design and long-term support will need to be addressed. See reality check of brain-machine interfaces
Cover image: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_5.txt,groundtruth,2_5.txt,"Soft bioelectronic systems can be interfaced with the body for the monitoring of human health and disease. However, motion artefacts caused by body movements or physiological activities can affect signal detection and interpretation in bioelectronic measurements, which can be addressed by various motion artefact management strategies. See Junyi Yin et al.
Cover image: Jun Chen. Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Bioengineering/2_6.txt,ave_2,2_6.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2024_11.png,C,"The conformation and relaxation dynamics of local regions along the polymer chain of poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted silica nanoparticles are measured by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE), respectively. Contrast matching conditions and selective deuteration are used to highlight regions of interest and indicate that portions of the polymer chains closer to the nanoparticle surface exhibit slower dynamics and more elongated conformations than regions farther away due to differing degrees of confinement. Image courtesy of Michael J. A. Hore.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_7.txt,multiBv1,2018_7.txt,"Tie chains electrically bridge crystalline domains in semiconducting polymers, effectively reducing interdomain resistance and improving charge transport. In this work, the tie-chain fraction is quantified through a classical polymer",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_2.txt,allv2,2018_2.txt,Snapshot of a crystallized polyethylene chain. Force-transmitting chains are colored with red based on the principal stress. Blue chains in the amorphous region have a small principal stress.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,"Immiscible linear polymers (yellow vs blue) with diblock ring polymers at the interface under large shear deformation. A diblock ring threaded by two linear polymers from opposite sides is highlighted, demonstrating an adhesion mechanism analogous to the hook-and-loop process in Velcro tapes.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2024_3.txt,sbert,2024_3.txt,train
Structure,32_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_5.png,B,"On the cover: SARS-CoV-2 virion attaches to the host cell receptor using one of its
S trimer complexes. In their work, Pezeshkian et al. (492–503) modeled the structure
of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope with near atomistic detail using an integrative multi-scale
computational approach, focusing on studying the dynamic nature and molecular interactions
of the virus's abundant but largely understudied M protein. The molecular dynamic
simulations revealed a previously unknown property of M dimers: they agglomerated
into large, filament-like, macromolecular assemblies with distinct molecular patterns.
The developed computational approach can also be applied to study the envelopes of
other coronaviruses. Image created by Valeria Arkhipova and Alexey Solodovnikov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_9.txt,allv2,31_9.txt,"On the cover: The image shows viral particles of SARS-CoV-2 variants with a close-up
of the spike protein (S) bound to its receptor, human ACE2. Li et al. used cryo-EM to determine the apo S structures and their human ACE2-bound structures
of the newly emerged variants BA.2.86, JN.1, EG.5, EG.5.1, and HV.1. The electrostatic
charge changes and an additional N-glycosylation in BA.2.86 influence its binding
to mAbs. The JN.1 RBD L455S mutation maintains optimal receptor binding and enhances
immune evasion. Image credit: Linjie Li.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_5.txt,groundtruth,32_5.txt,"On the Cover: Proton binding leads to dimerization of the Rous sarcoma virus capsid
protein, which initiates capsid assembly in vitro. The cover shows experimentally
determined electron density for the carboxyl groups involved in proton uptake and
dimer stabilization (gray and blue mesh). The high energy hydrogen bond that forms
between these groups is in orange. In the background, there is a space-filling model
of the resulting dimeric species, overlaying an image of the fully assembled viral
capsid protein, visualized using electron microscopy (see Bailey et al., pp. 737–748).
(Credit: Vivian Ward, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/17_8.txt,ave_3,17_8.txt,"On the cover: BK polyomavirus is an emerging, opportunistic pathogen that causes severe
disease in the immunosuppressed. Six distinct quasi-equivalent copies of the VP1 major
structural protein form an asymmetric unit, 60 of which form the T=7d isometric particle,
shown on the cover assembling around the viral genome. Hurdiss et al. (pp. 528) reveal
the density for the N-terminal DNA binding domain of the VP1 protein that allows the
capsid protein to bind to the viral genome during assembly. The location of binding
is shown colored according to chain number. Cover credit: Daniel Hurdiss and Neil
Ranson.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/24_9.txt,ave_2,24_9.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_1.png,B,"The low bias (0.5 V) boosts a 7-fold-increased response in the Au/SnO2 H2S gas sensor with the benefit from the interface dipoles in the flower-petal-like nanostructures. With a 2 ppb limit of detection at room temperature, the sensor is ideal for environmental and breath disease monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_4.txt,sbert,2024_4.txt,"The cover image shows a DMA gas sensor detecting Parkinson's biomarkers, with red MXene nanosheets and yellow Ce ions on the sensor surface. Bubbles represent high humidity, while colored particles depict Ce ion valence states, illustrating enhanced sensitivity and humidity resistance due to the MXene/CeO2 heterojunction and Ce self-refresh mechanism.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,A novel flexible paper-based gas sensor integrated with a Ti3C2Tx-MXene non-metallic electrode and Ti3C2Tx/WS2 gas sensing film,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"The cover illustrates “sample-to-answer” detection on a centrifugal microfluidic platform.  The target analyte (blue) is extracted from the sample matrix (yellow) and enriched in the detection chamber. On the lab-on-a-disc platform we combined sample pre-treatment (extraction and enrichment) with in situ electrochemical detection. The detection step is illustrated with a gold electrode array. The platform was used for the detection of a secondary bacterial metabolite, p-coumaric acid (blue) from cell culture supernatant. Artwork by Nanna Elmstedt Bild and Jesper Scheel.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2019_11.txt,multiBv1,2019_11.txt,train
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,45_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_11.png,C,"Two related articles in TiPS this month focus on recent progress in engineering protein-based therapeutics, especially
in oncology. James Kintzing, Maria Filsinger Interrante and Jennifer Cochran focus
on how newly engineered formats have been designed to enhance properties such as potency,
target binding affinity and selectivity, half-life, and stability, and how these gains
have led to clinical-stage drug candidates. In a separate paper, B. Vijayalakshmi
Ayyar, Sushrut Arora, and Richard O’Kennedy critically assesses recent trends in the
development and applications of bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, and
immune checkpoint inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. They highlights recent USA FDA
approvals and clinical trials of antibody-based cancer therapies. Image courtesy of
iStockPhoto/markusblanke",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/37_1.txt,allv2,37_1.txt,"Targeting protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks rather than single proteins or
individual protein–protein interactions is a new frontier in therapeutics discovery
and development. In this issue, Ginsberg et al. discuss recent insights into how stressors aberrantly remodel PPIs in disease, and
provide promising avenues for designing novel therapeutics targeting dysfunctions
in PPI networks. The cover highlights how through binding to epichaperomes (magenta,
violet and orange protein assembly at the center), pathologic scaffolding platforms
that act as architects of PPI network reorganization in disease, the drug PU-H71 (green,
stick representation) disrupts epichaperome-mediated PPIs (purple-white spherical
structures), rebalancing PPI networks to normative states. Cover image designed, drawn
and created using Adobe Illustrator by Wenjing Wu and Gabriela Chiosis, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/44_13.txt,ave_2,44_13.txt,"Protein therapeutics are an important and growing class of medicines that tackle complex
diseases using multiple modes of action programmed into the protein sequence. In this
issue, Mock et al. discuss recent advances in the design
of protein therapeutics using generative biology, the seamless integration of modern
computational science with sophisticated laboratory technologies. In an era of great
excitement about artificial intelligence and machine learning, they focus on the most
promising technologies for practical implementation into biopharmaceutical drug discovery
pipelines. The cover illustration represents an iterative cycle of design-make-test-learn
to produce a bispecific antibody – a therapeutic protein capable of interacting with
two different targets in the body through two different binding domains, on the left
(cyan) and right (green). Cover image designed by Arie Opzeeland and Craig Kiefer
via Adobe Illustrator.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/45_11.txt,groundtruth,45_11.txt,"Protein engineering technologies involving site-specific conjugation of two or more
modular components can expand the existing repertoires that can be produced recombinantly
or by chemical conjugation. In this issue, Edmund A. Rossi, David Goldenberg, and
Chien-Hsing Chang describe the Dock-and-Lock (DNL) method, which combines recombinant
engineering with site-specific conjugation for the construction of various complex,
yet defined, biostructures with multivalency and multispecificity. Cover image courtesy
of iStockPhoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/33_4.txt,ave_3,33_4.txt,val
ACS ES&T Engineering,2024_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_7.png,A,"A novel phosphorus-coordinated Pd@MXene catalyst achieved 80% Pd reduction, 3.9-fold higher efficiency, and comparable performance to Pd@MX/CC in diclofenac removal. It maintained efficiency with wide pH ranges and 10 cycles, showing promise for water purification.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_7.txt,groundtruth,2024_7.txt,"This work presented a facile and environmentally benign method to construct powdered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into uniform MOF-based beads for superselective Hg(II) removal. The removal performances of the synthesized MOF-based beads were systematically investigated, and its full-scale performance under different operating conditions was predicted using the validated pore diffusion model.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,"An experiment on PCDD/F inhibition was conducted in a full-scale MSW incinerator. The inhibitor (CH4N2S) is capable of decomposing at high temperatures and releasing active components that can effectively reduce chlorine sources and poison catalytic metals. Consequently, the inhibitor effectively suppressed PCDD/F generation, leading to cleaner emissions from the incinerator.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2023_3.txt,multiBv1,2023_3.txt,"A molybdenum catalyst prepared from molybdate, a bipyridine ligand, and palladium on carbon support enables rapid and complete reduction of aqueous perchlorate into chloride with hydrogen gas at ambient temperature and pressure. It passes a series of engineering tests and is potentially useful for perchlorate treatment on Earth and Mars.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Engineering/2022_11.txt,allv2,2022_11.txt,train
Nature Reviews Cardiology,21_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.png,B,"Lipoprotein metabolism, inspired by the Review on p577.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/19_4.txt,multiBv1,19_4.txt,"Protein glycosylation, inspired by the Review on p525.
Cover design: S. Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/21_5.txt,groundtruth,21_5.txt,"Branched-chain amino acids, inspired by the Review on p77.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,"Cardiac sarcomeric proteins, inspired by the Review on p9
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Cardiology/22_1.txt,sbert,22_1.txt,train
Nature Reviews Psychology,3_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_8.png,D,"In this Review, Orben et al. describe the mechanisms by which social media could amplify the developmental changes that increase adolescents’ mental health vulnerability.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_7.txt,ave_2,3_7.txt,"In this Review, Bonanno et al. describe multiple outcome trajectories following adversity and consider how the different components of regulatory flexibility can promote resilience.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/2_2.txt,multiBv1,2_2.txt,"Psychology is a massive and diverse field, and subfields of psychology often bear more resemblance to neighbouring fields than to each other. Yet psychology is united in its mission to understand the human mind and how it gives rise to human behaviour. See Editorial
Cover design: Jasiek Krzysztofiak",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/1_12.txt,allv2,1_12.txt,"Personality is relatively stable over long timescales but malleable to some degree. In this Review, Jackson and Wright examine the mechanisms responsible for intentional and naturally occurring change as well as mechanisms that promote stability, thereby limiting potential change.
Cover design: David Johnston",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Psychology/3_8.txt,groundtruth,3_8.txt,train
Nature Reviews Rheumatology,20_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.png,D,"Inspired by the Review on p331.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_7.txt,sbert,19_7.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p81.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_11.txt,multiBv1,20_11.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p682.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/19_2.txt,allv2,19_2.txt,"Inspired by the Review on p601.
Cover design: Steven Hall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Rheumatology/20_3.txt,groundtruth,20_3.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_8.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Changeux presents a framework for connecting levels of brain organization to foster
the integration of neuroscientific findings from individual genes to consciousness.
Cover image from iStockphoto/grandeduc. Cover design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/21_10.txt,allv2,21_10.txt,"Understanding how conscious experience arises is an area of intense investigation
and debate. In this issue, we feature two articles that address this topic from different
perspectives. On pages 358–364, Michael Cohen and Daniel C. Dennett argue that conscious
experience cannot be separated from cognitive functions and that any theory adopting
this division is unfalsifiable and thus outside the scope of science. On pages 365–373,
Hakwan Lau and David Rosenthal review recent evidence that provides support for higher-order
theories of consciousness, according to which conscious awareness depends on higher-order
mental representations that represent oneself as being in a particular mental state.
Lau and Rosenthal demonstrate that, despite their philosophical origins, higher-order
theories of consciousness are empirically testable. Cover image: Alex Slobodkin, iStockphoto.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/15_6.txt,sbert,15_6.txt,"Developing tests that could be used to detect consciousness in immature
and non-responsive humans, non-human animals, brain organoids, and AI systems is
one of the central challenges facing science. Addressing this challenge would not
only
have important implications for the science of consciousness but would also have
profound ethical and social implications. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Tim Bayne and colleagues review some of the leading tests for consciousness that
have been developed to date, clarify the logical structure of various possible tests
for
consciousness, and critically evaluate three strategies for validating a consciousness
test. The cover image depicts two of the many kinds of organisms to which a test for
consciousness might be applied. Cover art by James Croxford.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_8.txt,groundtruth,28_8.txt,"In celebration of our 25th anniversary, this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences features a series of essays highlighting key open questions that leading scientists
believe the field should explore over the next quarter-century. Reflecting the breadth
of cognitive science, these essays address diverse topics, from episodic memory to
developmental psychology, consciousness to auditory cognition, and the experience
of pain to mind-culture interactions. The real-world applicability of cognitive science,
the interface between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, and the use of
paradigms and methods that capture the dynamics of naturalistic cognition emerge as
key themes. The puzzle pieces on the cover, depicting previous TICS covers, represent the process of knowledge accumulation over the last 25 years. Artwork
by Phillip Krzeminski.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/26_1.txt,multiBv1,26_1.txt,test
Nature Chemistry,16_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_9.png,C,"Charge-transfer driven by ultrafast spin-transition
Photoinduced charge-transfer can lead to various important and interesting phenomena, such as magnetism, ferroelectricity and photocatalysis. However, an atomic-scale description of the initial photoinduced process, which couples intermetallic charge-transfer and spin-transition, is still under debate because of the speed at which it occurs. Now, a team led by Eric Collet and Marco Cammarata have used femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy to reveal how photomagnetism emerges in cyanide-bridged CoFe coordination networks. They see that it is the spin-transition on the cobalt atom, occurring within ~50 fs, that drives the subsequent electron transfer from Fe (red) to Co (blue) within 200 fs.
See Collet et al.
Image: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/13_12.txt,sbert,13_12.txt,"Chemists strive to control the outcome of reactions and it was recently shown that the efficiency of photo-induced electron transfer in a donor–bridge–acceptor compound can be significantly altered by exciting intramolecular vibrations using infrared light. Now, continuing their work on this topic, Anthony Meijer, Julia Weinstein and colleagues have extended and generalized the understanding of this phenomenon by studying its occurrence in several different molecules. The excited-state dynamics of these molecules were monitored using time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and the background of the cover image features a two-dimensional map of a portion of their TRIR data.Article p689News &#38; Views p683IMAGE: M. DELOP ET AL. AND VERTEBRATEGRAPHICS COVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/7_4.txt,multiBv1,7_4.txt,"Monitoring molecular relaxation
Molecular photoswitches can be exploited for solar thermal energy storage and information processing. One such system involves the rapid conversion between the molecular isomers norbornadiene (an artistic representation of which is depicted on the cover) and quadricyclane; however, our understanding of the switching processes is incomplete. Daniel Rolles and co-workers have used time-resolved gas-phase extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy combined with non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the electronic relaxation of quadricyclane after ultraviolet excitation and have observed two competing relaxation pathways that occur on different timescales.
See Borne et al.
Image: Wojciech Nowikowski and Karl Harrison. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_9.txt,groundtruth,16_9.txt,"Observing ring opening
Light-induced ring-opening/closing reactions are important in many key processes in nature — such as the synthesis of natural products — and are attracting interest in other areas such as optical data storage and potential medical applications. Rolles, Curchod, Ashfold and colleagues have now studied the dynamics of the ring opening of a model heterocycle, thiophenone, using femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy combined with ab initio theory, enabling the visualization of rich dynamics in both the excited and ground electronic states. The cover image shows a ‘heat map’ in the background that represents the photoproducts in a 2D space — with the C–S bond length represented on the vertical axis and the CCS angle along the horizontal axis — overlayed with drawings of the photoproducts and the initial thiophenone being hit by the 'laser'. The white lines follow the smoothed paths of reaction trajectories.
Rolles Article
IMAGE: Lea M. Ibele, Durham University. COVER DESIGN: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/12_4.txt,allv2,12_4.txt,train
Cell Reports Physical Science,6_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.png,C,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_2.txt,allv2,6_2.txt,"On the cover: This month's issue of Cell Reports Physical Science features a special focus on base metal catalysis. This collection of papers, curated
in collaboration with Laura Ackerman-Biegasiewicz and published alongside the rest
of our research articles, highlights advances in this increasingly topical field.
Image credit: Kip Lyall.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/4_9.txt,ave_3,4_9.txt,"On the cover: A visual celebration of Cell Reports Physical Science’s fifth anniversary, featuring all of our covers from Volume 1, Issue 1 to December
2024’s Volume 5, Issue 12. We’d like to thank Cell Press’s own Philip Krzeminski for
his help in creating this beautiful cover.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/6_1.txt,groundtruth,6_1.txt,"On the Cover: We celebrate our first issue with this eye-catching cover, designed
by the Cell Press creative team, representing our first “drop” of papers and signifying
the birth of a new journal and our expansion into the fundamental and applied physical
sciences.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Physical Science/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,train
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_49,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_49.png,B,"A mild and selective alkyl—alkyl cross-coupling between styrenyl aziridines and organozinc reagents has been achieved utilizing a nickel catalyst. In this reaction, the electron-deficient olefin dimethyl fumarate shows unrivaled activity over other ligands commonly used for cross-coupling. See Huang and Doyle, p 9541.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2012_29.txt,allv2,2012_29.txt,"An asymmetric olefin–sulfonylimine coupling via paired electrocatalysis is presented. In this protocol, Co-catalyzed hydrogen-atom transfer on the anode and Ni-catalyzed sulfonylimine reduction on the cathode were seamlessly cross-coupled, enabling the formation of chiral amine products with high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_49.txt,groundtruth,2024_49.txt,"An axially chiral binaphthyl aminoborane can be synthesized in high enantiopurity. This tweezer compound activates hydrogen rapidly and reversibly. More importantly it is working as a catalyst in asymmetric hydrogenation of imines and enamines giving products with up to 99% enantiomeric excess. See Repo and co-workers, p 4038.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2015_40.txt,sbert,2015_40.txt,"The strategic utilization of urea as a redox-active, anion-binding directing group enables a highly stereoselective [3+2]-cycloaddition under photocatalysis of a cationic iridium‒chiral borate ion pair.  The association of the borate with the urea radical cation via hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions is the key for attaining high catalytic activity and stereocontrol.  See Ooi and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09468",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_5.txt,ave_3,2020_5.txt,train
JACS Au,2024_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/JACS Au/2024_9.png,A,Using the biomolecule DNA to tether porphyrin-based electrocatalysts to electrode surfaces improves their efficiency for carbon dioxide valorization.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2024_9.txt,groundtruth,2024_9.txt,"irradiation of Nafion-integrated resorcinol-formaldehyde resin photocatalysts. The small resin particles with hydrophobic surfaces created by the Nafion integration (green strings) efficiently promote water oxidation and O2 reduction, while suppressing a subsequent decomposition of the H2O2 generated, thereby producing high-H2O2-content solutions.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"In a sea of possible reactions, carbon dioxide as a transient protecting group helps to improve the productivity of a regioselective γ-arylation of cinnamylamines catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles in a directed Mizoroki–Heck reaction or diarylation of terminal allylamines. There is no need for additional protection/deprotection steps, making it faster than the competition.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2021_12.txt,multiBv1,2021_12.txt,"This cover art showcases the enhanced catalytic activity of Mo2C for selective hydrogenation of CO2 through metal defects, induced by a combination of carbon support and the carbonization process. These defects facilitate CO desorption with reduced magnetization at the active site and effectively promote surface hydrogen migration by neutralizing the atomic charge.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/JACS Au/2023_3.txt,allv2,2023_3.txt,train
Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.png,D,"The overview image in the background was acquired using PRIME-PAINT as described in the article. Zoom-in views of selected regions are overlaid on the images to showcase nanoscopic features, including mitochondria (cyan) and cytokeratin (red hot) of the tissue.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_1.txt,ave_2,2023_1.txt,"Looking plants in the eye: triplex metabolic labeling using monolignol reporters and three bioorthogonal reactions allows the identification of zones that are actively producing lignin in plant cell walls. Allied to super-resolution fluorescence bioimaging techniques like Airyscan microscopy, this method allows the study of individual wall layers and substructures.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2023_5.txt,ave_3,2023_5.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,"This cover art represents the development of hyperspectral 3D stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (hyper-3D SRS) for studying lipid droplet (LD) dynamics during early embryogenesis. The illustration also highlights the spatial and chemical diversity of LDs within individual embryonic cells, revealing dynamic relationships between LD size and unsaturation levels as embryos develop. Sub-micrometer resolution and 3D optical sectioning capabilities of the hyper-3D SRS method uncover metabolic heterogeneity, showing its potential for clinical applications in the future.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_5.png,A,"A translational gene essentiality map to guide treatment in cancer
Using machine learning to build translational gene essentiality maps of patients’ tumors and normal tissue biopsies identifies oncogenes and synthetic lethalities that are predictive of drug responses and patient outcomes.
See Shi et al.
Image: Nobi Prizue / iStock / Getty Images Plus; image concept: Damian Falkowski, AbbVie BSG Creative Services. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_5.txt,groundtruth,5_5.txt,"Spotlight on Cancer Genomics
In this issue, we are launching a Series on Clinical Cancer Genomics, comprising commissioned articles that explore the role of genomics in cancer research and oncology and a selection of primary research articles published in Nature Cancer.
See our March Editorial, the Review article by Cescon et al. and the Cancer in Translation article by Kreisberg et al.
Image: concept by Alexia-Ileana Zaromytidou, based on the original painting Circles in a Circle by Wassily Kandinsky, with circos plots reproduced with permission from Heller et al.. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,"The proteogenomics landscape of non-small cell lung cancer
Proteogenomic analysis of patient-derived samples provides insights into the biology and molecular classification of non-small cell lung cancer and identifies potential cancer-cell intrinsic and immune vulnerabilities.
See Lehtiö et al.
Image: Olena Berkovska, Karolinska Institutet. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,"Pan-cancer digital pathology predicts genetic alterations and prognosis
Algorithm-generated mosaic of histology images illustrating how computer vision learns genomic traits from digital pathology slides for cancer classification and prognostication.
See Fu et al. and also the related Kather et al. and the News & Views article by Coudray and Tsirigos.
Image: Yu Fu, Spencer Phillips & Moritz Gerstung, EMBL-EBI. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_5.txt,multiBv1,1_5.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_2.png,A,"Sculpting the brain during pregnancy
In this issue, Pritschet and colleagues offer a detailed map of a female human brain across gestation. Pronounced changes in gray and white matter demonstrate the brain’s capacity for extensive remodeling well into adulthood, paralleling the steep rise in hormone production. Reminiscent of sculpting marble, pregnancy is a transformative period of honing and refinement within the brain.
See Pritschet et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio . Cover design: Marina Spence",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_2.txt,groundtruth,27_2.txt,"Over the last few decades, human brain structure and function have been examined using various techniques. This issue focuses on some of the latest considerations and advances in human brain mapping both within and across techniques, which together may help neuroscientists obtain a more complete picture of the brain.297–377",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/20_10.txt,ave_2,20_10.txt,"Mothers’ neuroplasticity at peripartum and childbirth.
During gestation, childbirth, and the postpartum period, dynamic cortical plasticity occurs in mothers’ brains. Paternina-Die, Martínez-García et al. show decreased cortical thickness during pregnancy, which attenuates after birth. In the cover image, the mantle enveloping the mother with child symbolizes the cortical mantle, and the shape of the woman’s brain resembles a baby, serving as a metaphor for the maternal brain. The pixelation overlaying the baby and the background recreates the MRI voxels. The central figure in the image portrays Dr Paternina-Die, who herself became a first-time mother during the completion of this study.
See Paternina-Die, Martínez-García, et al.
Image and cover design: Susana Carmona. Cover Design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_11.txt,allv2,27_11.txt,"The hormone oxytocin is important for labor and lactation in mammals, and giving birth was known to improve spatial memory in rats. Tomizawa and colleagues now report that intra-cerebroventricular injections of oxytocin improve spatial memory in mice that have never been pregnant, while an oxytocin antagonist inhibits the memory improvement normally seen in mice with multiple litters. Oxytocin also facilitates long-lasting, long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. The authors suggest that oxytocin-associated memory improvement could help mothers remember the location of food sources and thus improve the survival of their young. Photograph courtesy of PhotoResearchers. See pages 327 and 153.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/6_9.txt,ave_3,6_9.txt,train
Science Signaling,2007_395,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Signaling/2007_395.png,C,"COVER This week's issue includes a Review that discusses the importance of the interactions between Eph receptors and their membrane-bound ephrin ligands in normal and oncogenic development. The image shows EphB2 (green) in a complex with ephrin A5 (blue) and is adapted from PDB structure 1shw. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/1_15.txt,allv2,1_15.txt,"ONLINE COVER This week, Lo et al. characterize the signaling profiles mediated by the normal and mutant forms of the GTPase RIT1 in lung epithelial cells and show that either form can promote tumor development. The image shows a scanning electron microscopy image of lung adenocarcinoma cells growing among alveoli. Credit: E. Gray/Science Source",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_711.txt,sbert,14_711.txt,"COVER This week features a Perspective on erythropoietin (Epo) signaling and the possibility that Epo may promote the growth of cancer cells. The image depicts two possible forms of the Epo receptor (a homodimer and a heterodimer) that may mediate Epo signaling in cancer cells. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/2007_395.txt,groundtruth,2007_395.txt,ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that used phosphoproteomic insights into signaling by endogenous T cell receptors (TCRs) and engineered receptors (CARs) to design a more broadly effective CAR T cell for cancer therapy. The image shows a composite colored scanning electron micrograph of T cells (teal) and prostate cancer cells (pink). [Image: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Source],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Signaling/14_697.txt,multiBv1,14_697.txt,train
Matter,8_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Matter/8_2.png,D,"On the Cover: In this issue of Matter, Gonzalez et al. (742–758) develop multifunctional protective materials for military
and other personnel. Using a non-woven fabric, this material overcomes some of the
traditional trade-offs between mechanical performance and heat transfer to give both
ballistic and thermal protection.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/3_4.txt,ave_3,3_4.txt,"On the cover: This month’s cover pays homage to the organic mixed ionic/electronic
conductor, a polymeric bioelectronic material that facilitates electronic and ionic
charge transport to enable devices that enhance the interface between microelectronics
and biological systems. Image credit: Jonathan Rivnay (p. 3132).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/6_3.txt,ave_2,6_3.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_1.txt,allv2,8_1.txt,"On the cover: This cover features conductive thin films designed to protect drones
in extreme weather conditions. In this issue, Wu and colleagues explore material engineering through the integration of experiments and theories.
By combining layer-by-layer assembly and graph theory, electrical properties are modeled
based on the complex structures of the nanoscale networks. Image courtesy of the authors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Matter/8_2.txt,groundtruth,8_2.txt,test
Molecular Pharmaceutics,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_5.png,D,"Highlighting the cutting-edge, multidisciplinary, translational research in pharmaceutical sciences originating from researchers across Asia, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Molecular Pharmaceutical Research from Asia.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlights the wide range of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_5.txt,allv2,2023_5.txt,"The cover art references a new Virtual Special Issue highlighting the outstanding contemporary work related to pharmaceutics research originating in Australasia.  Molecular Pharmaceutics is proud to present the VSI titled “Emerging Trends in Molecular Pharmaceutics across Australasia.”  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have curated a wide range of articles that collectively highlight the scope and breadth of high-quality work led by researchers in Australia and New Zealand across pharmaceutical science, exemplifying local and international collaborative efforts. The research addressed in the collection include treatments based on nanoplatform drug delivery, pharmacokinetics, and extracellular vesicle research, to name but a few.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editor Team provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2023_9.txt,ave_3,2023_9.txt,"Highlighting the broad range of high-quality work led by early career scientists (≤ 10 years from PhD) in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery publishing in the journal, Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled “Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Delivery Research from Early Career Scientists”. Within this VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research by young researchers.  An accompanying editorial by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the VSI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_1.txt,ave_2,2024_1.txt,"Highlighting the strong tradition of research excellence in pharmaceutics from the island of Ireland, the American Chemical Society journal Molecular Pharmaceutics is pleased to present a Virtual Special Issue titled ""Advances in Small and Large Molecule Pharmaceutics Research across Ireland.""  Within the VSI, the Guest Editors have collected a wide range of articles that spotlight the breadth of research in the region.  An accompanying editorial  by the Guest Editors provides context and commentary to accompany the collection.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Molecular Pharmaceutics/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_11.png,D,"Loopy, inspired by the Review on p550.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/22_4.txt,sbert,22_4.txt,"Ectosomes, inspired by the Review on p236. [Note, a typo in the original cover text has been corrected.]
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/23_9.txt,multiBv1,23_9.txt,"‘Dusting off IFNγ’, inspired by the Review on p545p545
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/18_4.txt,allv2,18_4.txt,"Thymic selection, inspired by the Review on p103.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_11.txt,groundtruth,24_11.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_24,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_24.png,D,"On the cover: A compiled image of GFP-labeled cortical progenitors (black) with no,
short, and long basal radial fibers. To find out more about how Tuba8 regulates the
differentiation of cortical progenitors into apical intermediate progenitors without
basal attachments, see Ramos et al. on pp. 477–491.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/52_3.txt,allv2,52_3.txt,"On the cover: A section of mouse olfactory bulb, with cell nuclei stained by DAPI. Granule
cells are marked by EGFP (green) expressed from the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 promoter, while corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing interneurons are
marked by tdTomato (red). For information about how interneurons use the neuropeptide
CRH to enable newborn neuronal neighbors to integrate into circuits, see Garcia et
al., pp. 645–659.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/30_1.txt,sbert,30_1.txt,"On the cover: Progenitor progression into a complete plant system during de novo shoot regeneration is re-imagined in a humanoid fashion. In this abstraction, a white
line connects the progressive stages of development from bottom up. A glass shell
(signifying the shell of cells expressing cell-wall loosening enzyme, XTH9) generates
a circumferential force field around the progenitor and “encapsulates” the young progenitor
(juvenile plants shown in the lower two images). This is until the progenitor has
grown enough to “break open” the shell from within to emerge and develop into a fully
grown plant. The progression from “slouched” form with bud flower to “upright” form
with flower (in full bloom) conveys the finer aspects of later plant development.
To learn more about cell wall changes and how mechanical stress in progenitor cells
affect plant shoot regeneration, see Varapparambath et al. 2063–2080.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/57_8.txt,multiBv1,57_8.txt,"On the cover: This image shows a developing human forebrain organoid at day 60, which
has a “tree-like” structure. Neural progenitor cells are marked by SOX2 (green), lysosomes
are marked by LAMP1 (white), and nuclei are marked by DAPI (blue). During the development
of embryonic neocortex, there are abundant endolysosomes in the neural progenitor
cells near the ventricle. Using our analogy to a tree, they function like roots, absorbing
nutrients from the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle to maintain the proliferative
capacity of the neural progenitor cells. As differentiated intermediate progenitor
cells and neurons migrate upward along the “trunk,” the cortical plate is formed.
To learn more about how lysosomal dynamics regulate neurogenesis, see Zou et al. Image credit: Yuqing Lv and Wenzheng Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_24.txt,groundtruth,59_24.txt,train
Structure,32_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Structure/32_8.png,D,"On the cover: The modeling of protein structures in the complete absence of any sequential
similarity to any known three dimensional structure remains a challenging problem.
Recently, it has been shown that proteins are built from a limited set of possible
supersecondary structural motifs (Smotif). Menon et al. (pp. 891–899) provide a hybrid
computational algorithm in which NMR chemical shift information of loop segments is
used to guide the selection of entire Smotifs for any given target sequence. The selected
Smotifs then assemble into three dimensional topology. Although the approach usees
only backbone fragments of Smotifs without any sequence information and limited experimental
information, it is successfully capturing the correct topologies of almost all tested
targets. The cover image was created by Mario Pujato, graduate student at the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/21_7.txt,ave_3,21_7.txt,"On the cover: ePMV, the embedded Python Molecular Viewer, runs molecular modeling
software directly inside of professional 3D animation applications (hosts). This system
allows users to generate professional quality visuals or perform computational experiments
with relative ease. It provides a flexible suite of hybrid tools to generate multiscale
scenes that are both scientifically accurate and artistic. To construct this image
of a molecular sculptor's workbench, ePMV representations of all new protein structures
reported in this issue were scaled up ten million times and placed as tangible models
onto a table and shelf using collision detection and gravity forces. The scene is
lit by a single sun lamp positioned outside of a virtual window and rendered with
a technology called global illumination that calculates object surface interreflection
to produce a photorealistic effect. An animated version and a “making of” this scene
can be viewed online at http://epmv.scripps.edu/videos/structure2010/. For more details,
see Johnson et al., pp. 293–303. Cover image created by Graham Johnson and Ludovic
Autin using ePMV running in the example host Cinema 4D. The editors and the cover
authors would like to thank all of the contributors from this issue who made their
structure coordinates available ahead of print.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/19_10.txt,ave_2,19_10.txt,"On the cover: In this special issue, we celebrate Structure&rsquo;s 30th anniversary with a collection of reviews that highlight recent developments
in different areas of structural biology. We asked structural biologists what to expect
for the next decade in our Voices article. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (scientific illustrator at Cell Press).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/31_2.txt,allv2,31_2.txt,"On the cover: The cover image from our Voices author Helen Ginn shows a representation of the symbiosis between computing and structural biology.
Visualization of the nanoscale natural world was made possible only after the advent
of computers. The use of computers allows us to build, visualize, and interrogate
conceptual models of the otherwise unobservable. Structural biology shows us the questions
we need to learn how to answer. Structural biology is forever intertwined with the
computational development of algorithms to help answer these fundamental question.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Structure/32_8.txt,groundtruth,32_8.txt,test
ACS Infectious Diseases,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_8.png,A,"An efflux pump inhibitor, IITR08367, disrupts bacterial energetics that lead to reduced fosfomycin efflux and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"The image depicts Gram-negative bacteria and IID572.  IID572 was identified as a broad spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor able to restore the antibacterial activity of piperacillin against serine β-lactamase-expressing Enterobacteriaceae, including piperacillin/tazobactam- and carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates. Artwork created by Alan Abrams.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2019_6.txt,multiBv1,2019_6.txt,A two-for-one bacterial  virulence factor is revealed in the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. A pH-triggered siderophore-swapping mechanism enhances pathogen iron acquisition over a broad pH range. Artwork by Erin Neill.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2016_11.txt,sbert,2016_11.txt,"An abstraction of the drug discovery process for efflux pump inhibitors, portraying the AcrB efflux pump protein structure as a funnel that filters fragments of knowledge from a combination of computational and experimental methods to discover new active compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Infectious Diseases/2023_1.txt,allv2,2023_1.txt,train
Developmental Cell,59_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Developmental Cell/59_3.png,D,"On the cover: A scanning electron microscopy image of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. For more on VapA, a plasma membrane tether that regulates the nuclear localization
of methyltransferase complexes that in turn control asexual spore development (pseudocolored
green), see Sarikaya-Bayram et al., pp. 406–420. Image provided by Özlem Sarikaya-Bayram
and Özgür Bayram.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/29_3.txt,allv2,29_3.txt,"On the cover: A bright-field image of a protonemal filament from a moss plant defective
in trans-acting siRNA biogenesis, with green chloroplast visible in the otherwise largely
translucent filament cells. To learn about how, in moss, these ancient small RNAs
promote the sensitivity and robustness of the auxin response gene regulatory network
to stochastically modulate the fate of filament tip cells in response to extrinsic
cues, see Plavskin et al., pp. 276–289.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/36_4.txt,ave_1,36_4.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Wloga et al. (pp. 867–876) present evidence that TTLL3
enzymes are tubulin glycine ligases in diverse eukaryotes. The cover shows an immunofluorescence
image of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, stained with an anti-acetylated tubulin antibody, shown in red. The localization
of a Ttll3Ap-GFP fusion protein is shown in green. Expression of an enzymatically
inactive mutant form of the protein affects the length of cilia.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/16_1.txt,sbert,16_1.txt,"On the cover: This image depicts mRNA translation within the appressorium of the rice
blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Ribosomes (purple) move along the mRNA, decoding genetic information. The eukaryotic
elongation factor (eEF1, yellow) escorts aminoacyl-tRNA (blue) to the ribosome, facilitating
protein synthesis. A conserved tRNA modification (red dot) enhances eEF1-tRNA interaction,
promoting the translation of genes essential for appressorium function and fungal
infection. In the upper right, an asexual spore develops into a dome-shaped appressorium
(gray) following this mRNA translation. To learn more about how this modification
controls fungal infection, see He et al. Image credit: Rongrong He, Yinan Li, and Zhipeng Zhou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Developmental Cell/59_3.txt,groundtruth,59_3.txt,test
Nature Protocols,20_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Protocols/20_2.png,B,"Arabidopsis
In this issue, Kremer et al. describe two peat-based gnotobiotic growth platforms that can be used to support growth of Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence or absence of microorganisms.
See Kremer et al.
Image: Kovalvs/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/16_8.txt,allv2,16_8.txt,"Nanoplastics in plant roots
Transmission electron microscopy image (pseudo-color) showing nanoplastics localized near the catheters of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Nanoplastics appear in white, the cell wall is depicted in green and the cell is highlighted in gold. See Sun et al.
Image: Xian-Zheng Yuan, Shandong University. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/20_2.txt,groundtruth,20_2.txt,"Label-free X-ray microscopy of nanomedicines and organelles in intact single cells at nanometer resolution using synchrotron radiation
A composite image of a single cell visualized in 3D and a synchrotron radiation facility. The method uses X-rays generated via synchrotron radiation and enables the subcellular localization of nanomedicines in single cells, at nanometer resolution, as a robust approach to characterize interactions between nanomaterials and cells. See Cao et al.
Image: Mingjing Cao, Yaling Wang and Chunying Chen, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China. Cover design: S. Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,"Fibroblast cell forming filopodia on nanopatterns
Scanning electron microscope image (pseudo-color) of a fibroblast cell forming filopodia along nanofibers functionalized by the integrin-binding peptide Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD). The nanopatterns are arrays of 20-nm-wide lines with 80-nm center-to-center distance in each line pair. Functionalization of ligands on titanium nanopatterns enables super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to study cell–ligand interactions at the molecular scale.
See Jain et al.
Image: Haogang Cai, New York University Grossman School of Medicine. Cover design: S. Harris",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Protocols/17_3.txt,multiBv1,17_3.txt,train
Nature Cell Biology,26_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_7.png,C,"Melanoma cells control the formation of a primary tumour niche by releasing microRNA-carrying melanosomes that are taken up by dermal fibroblasts leading to their activation.
[article p1006]",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/18_4.txt,multiBv1,18_4.txt,"Tumour-suppressive microglia
Microglia mediate a pro-inflammatory response to restrict brain metastasis in breast cancer.
See Evans et al.
Image: Katrina T. Evans and Aaron Longworth, University of California, Irvine. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"RNA binding in glioblastoma
The authors show that the RNA–RNA-binding protein complex LOC–DHX15 drives microglia infiltration into the tumour microenvironment in glioblastoma.
See Wu, Zhao, Shin & Yin et al.
Image: Wu Lele, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/26_7.txt,groundtruth,26_7.txt,Chromosome mal-orientations accumulate before correction by Aurora kinase. cover design: James McQuat,MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cell Biology/6_10.txt,sbert,6_10.txt,val
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.png,A,"Wildfire particulate matter is comprised of a complex mixture of chemical species such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. Prevailing winds can transport fresh plumes to urban centers thousands of kilometers away from the burning site, and secondary processing may change the chemical composition during transport.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_6.txt,groundtruth,2024_6.txt,"We evaluate the diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from both pre- and post-harvest 'Alkar' tall wheatgrass, a candidate biofuel. While green leaf volatiles dominate post-harvest emissions, we demonstrate novel post-harvest VOCs that are under-characterized in the context of carbon cycling and atmospheric chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_3.txt,multiBv1,2024_3.txt,"Near the surface, the reactive uptake of IEPOX on liquid aerosols contributes to IEPOX-SOA formation in addition to direct emissions of methyltetrols, but at high altitudes in the upper troposphere, IEPOX-SOA does not form by this multiphase reactive uptake because particles are solid, imposing strong diffusion limitations, and liquid water needed for aqueous chemistry is absent at low RH in the upper troposphere. Release of methyltetrols through in-plant oxidation of isoprene and/or oxidation of deposited IEPOX on leaves/soils can directly emit semivolatile methyltetrol gases, which are transported by deep convective updrafts to the upper troposphere. Due to cold temperatures in the upper troposphere, all the semivolatile methyltetrol gases condense to aerosols and explain measurements conducted by the HALO aircraft.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_11.txt,ave_3,2022_11.txt,"What is aerosol composition over agricultural land? The organic component of aerosol collected above agricultural fields (Oklahoma, USA) was investigated using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Aerosol molecular composition, volatility, and phase state exhibited pronounced dependences on the day/nighttime (more molecular species observed during nighttime) and wind direction (increased anthropogenic contribution from southerly winds).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2022_6.txt,allv2,2022_6.txt,train
Science Robotics,10_98,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/10_98.png,C,"ONLINE COVER Piano Forte. Human hands are complex and agile, but most robotic end effectors are simple and bulky. Hughes et al. used 3D-printing technology to create robotic devices that mimic human hands, with stiff skeletal frames surrounded by flexible ""ligaments"" controlling movement at joints. They varied ligament stiffness and the force applied to strike a piano key; the resulting data led to models predicting the range of motion for a specific set of conditions. The validity of the approach and the design was demonstrated with a system able to play excerpts of three different pieces of music, representing a range of styles, in a manner close to that of a human. [CREDIT: J. HUGHES & N. CHORNAY/UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/3_25.txt,sbert,3_25.txt,"ONLINE COVER Quick Reaction. Exoskeleton suits can improve standing balance by quickly reacting to postural perturbations. Beck et al. have developed a wearable ankle exoskeleton suit, ExoBoot, that can generate artificially fast torque before the onset of the user’s physiological reaction. ExoBoot was validated with human participants, preventing the users’ ankle joint from dorsiflexion and improving their standing balance when the surface they were stood on was displaced. This month’s cover is a multi-exposure image of a user wearing the ankle ExoBoot that is able to correct their standing balance following postural perturbation. Credit: Courtesy of Georgia Institute of Technology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_75.txt,allv2,8_75.txt,"ONLINE COVER Exoskeletons—Overcoming the Ceiling Effect in Motor Skills. Learning a motor skill often plateaus, resulting in the ceiling effect whereby no further training can improve the skill level. Furuya et al. have developed a hand exoskeleton for pianists to surmount the ceiling effect in their skill level through exposure to complex finger movements that would not be possible voluntarily. They demonstrated that, after the exoskeleton was no longer used, the pianists could play faster with both their trained hand and their contralateral untrained hand with evidence of neuroplastic adaptation. This month’s cover is an image of a pianist training with the exoskeleton. Credit: Y. Ogasawara",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/10_98.txt,groundtruth,10_98.txt,"ONLINE COVER Grasping Objects with Prosthetics. Amputation of a limb can affect the ability of an amputee to carry out simple tasks, such as grasping an object. Several prosthetic devices rely on the use of electrical signals from nerves and muscles to control their motion. Gherardini et al. have developed an approach that uses implanted magnets that harness muscle deformation to control a myokinetic prosthetic hand. A participant with a transradial amputation recruited for the study showed the ability to carry out functional tests to demonstrate dexterous motor skills. This month’s cover is an image of the participant’s prosthetic hand grasping a clothespin. Credit: OneFrame Creative Science Communication",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_94.txt,ave_3,9_94.txt,train
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,28_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_9.png,C,"In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Risko and Gilbert review the current research on cognitive offloading, or the use
of physical action to reduce cognitive load. Cognitive offloading includes a wide
range of actions, from counting on one’s fingers to programming reminders into one’s
smartphone. The authors discuss the factors that influence the decision to offload
and the cognitive impact of offloading. Cover image from iStockphoto/jpa1999. Cover
design by Rebecca Schwarzlose.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/20_4.txt,multiBv1,20_4.txt,"Habits emerge from the interplay between two brain systems: a stimulus-response
(S–R) system that promotes the repetition of familiar actions, and a goal-directed
system that emphasizes flexibility and planning. Achieving the right balance between
these systems is essential, as disruptions can lead to action slips, impulsive behaviors,
or compulsions. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Eike K. Buabang and
colleagues explore how recent insights into these competing mechanisms can enhance
our ability to make and break habits. Building on these insights, they explore practical
applications for daily life and interventions for clinical populations affected by
imbalances
between these two systems. Cover art from Malte Mueller/Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/29_1.txt,ave_2,29_1.txt,"Physical activity plays a significant role in various aspects of brain health
across the lifespan. However, the consequences of sedentary behavior (SB) are not
well understood. In this issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Liye Zou and colleagues
summarize and discuss the evidence regarding SB's impact on brain health, including
its effects on cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and
the
risk of dementia across different age groups. They critically evaluate different methods
for assessing SB and suggest new opportunities for using digital technology in these
assessments. The cover illustration features an anthropomorphic cartoon depicting
two
types of sedentary behavior (passive and active sedentary behaviors). Cover image
from Liye Zou.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/28_9.txt,groundtruth,28_9.txt,"Why does exercise benefit brain function? On pages 525–544, Michelle W. Voss, Carmen
Vivar, Arthur F. Kramer and Henriette van Praag review and integrate human and rodent
research perspectives to address this question. Whereas the animal research provides
insights pertaining to the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, aspects of
higher cognitive functions remain in the realm of human studies. A point of convergence
across species is the hippocampus, a brain area important for memory function, which
responds with synaptic and structural plasticity to physical activity. The cover image
(designed by K.C. Alexander) illustrates the positive influence of running on the
brain with a neuroscientific interpretation of the theory of relativity, where the
equation suggests improved cognition (Einstein) and relates to Energy (when something
is in motion its total energy is greater than its rest energy) and Mass (neurons,
synapses) as important factors therein.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cognitive Sciences/17_4.txt,allv2,17_4.txt,train
Nature Neuroscience,27_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Neuroscience/27_10.png,D,"A map of mPFC inputs
No neuron is an island entire of itself; every neuron is a piece of the circuit, a part of the brain. (Adapted from Meditation XVII by John Donne) Ährlund-Richter et al. describe the connectivity of the four main cell types in the medial prefrontal cortex of the mouse to uncover the circuit architecture that supports the functions of this brain region. The cover depicts a lone neuron-like shape formed by cracks in the ice on the lake in Källtorpssjön, Stockholm, Sweden.
See Ährlund-Richter et al.
Image credit: Giulia Gaudenzi. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/22_9.txt,sbert,22_9.txt,"Focus on neuroscience methods
In this focus issue on neuroscience methods we present a series of reviews, perspectives and commentaries that highlight advances in methods and analytical approaches and provide guidelines and best practices in various areas of neuroscience.
Image: Jennie Vallis. Cover design: Marina Corral Spence.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/23_1.txt,allv2,23_1.txt,"The ability to target and manipulate specific neuronal populations is crucial for understanding brain function. In this issue, Fishell and colleagues describe a novel virus that restricts gene expression to telencephalic GABAergic interneurons across a breadth of vertebrate species, allowing for their morphological visualization, activity monitoring and functional manipulation. Image: Lava Tubes in Mojave National Park.Credit: Jordane Dimidschstein.p 1743",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/19_1.txt,multiBv1,19_1.txt,"Mapping circuits for DBS
Within the enigmatic depths of an aquatic universe, divers use flashlights to reveal the hidden contours of an uncharted seabed that teems with wondrous vegetation. In an analogous exploration, Hollunder et al. describe how invasive brain stimulation delivered to deep-seated brain nuclei may act as a beacon. Using deep brain stimulation (DBS), they show that the frontal cortex can be segregated into distinct circuits that become dysfunctional in four different brain disorders. Their topographical map may shed light on more-precise brain-circuit therapeutics.
See Hollunder, et al.
Image and cover design: Barbara Hollunder. Cover Design: Debbie Maizels.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Neuroscience/27_10.txt,groundtruth,27_10.txt,val
ACS Agricultural Science & Technology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_2.png,C,"Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_6.txt,allv2,2021_6.txt,"Multiyear field experiments with a variety of crops in Western Saudi Arabia reveal that superhydrophobic sand (SHS) mulch reduces evaporative water loss from the topsoil and boosts plant health and yield. Photo credit: Adair Gallo Jr. Color enhancement: Ella Maru Studio, Inc.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2022_5.txt,sbert,2022_5.txt,"The image shows Khasi mandarin oranges inside a container, connected to sensors measuring their ripeness and respiration rate. This study uses AI to predict how long the fruit will stay fresh, helping to make better decisions for storage, pricing, and reducing waste.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Nucleic acid extraction methods and technologies for on-site plant-pathogen, plant-disease diagnosis and prognosis are presented. The cover figure was created with BioRender.com.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Agricultural Science & Technology/2021_1.txt,multiBv1,2021_1.txt,train
Nature Electronics,7_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Electronics/7_2.png,B,"3D-printed soft electronics
Hydrogel-based electronic devices can be fabricated using a stretchable silver–hydrogel ink and an embedded 3D-printing technology. The photograph on the cover shows a 3D-printed conductive structure embedded in a soft hydrogel matrix.
See Hui et al.
Image: Yue Hui, Westlake University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"Soft electronics in 3D
Soft vias for connecting circuit layers can be created by using programmed photocuring to direct the assembly of liquid metal droplets. The photograph on the cover shows a multilayer soft circuit fabricated with the approach that can be used to sense magnetic fields and display the result by illuminating light-emitting diodes.
See Ho et al. and News & Views by Babatain
Image: Dong Hae Ho and Michael D. Bartlett, Virginia Tech. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/7_2.txt,groundtruth,7_2.txt,"A 3D twist on stretchable electronics
By stacking, and electrically connecting, layers of stretchable circuits, three-dimensional integrated devices can be built that are capable of wirelessly monitoring a person’s vital signs and creating human–machine interfaces. The cover shows an optical microscopy image of a four-layer stretchable device that is equipped with Bluetooth data communication capabilities and can simultaneously sense electrophysiological signals, strain, temperature, acceleration, and orientation.
See Huang et al. and News & Views by Kim et al.
Image: Sheng Xu, University of California San Diego. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/1_5.txt,ave_2,1_5.txt,"Printing stretchable electronics in three dimensions
Three-dimensional structures made of stretchable conductors can be printed using an emulsion-based composite ink. The computer-generated image on the cover highlights the capabilities of the approach, which can be used to create different three-dimensional geometries that have a minimum feature size of less than 100 μm and a stretchability of more than 150%.
See Lee et al. and News & Views by Zhou & Yuk
Image: Seungjun Chung, Korea Institute of Science and Technology. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Electronics/6_9.txt,ave_3,6_9.txt,train
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2025_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_6.png,A,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_6.txt,groundtruth,2025_6.txt,Photocatalytic CO2 conversion has been regarded as the “holy grail” reaction to turn waste into wealth. Excess CO2 is reduced by photocatalysts under sunlight irradiation to yield methanol as one of the carbon fuels. Life cycle assessment was conducted to examine its practicability toward the large-scale operation in future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2023_38.txt,ave_3,2023_38.txt,The CO2 tree highlights the breadth of chemical compounds currently accessible from CO2 to illustrate its potential to serve as a carbon source for the future.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2025_7.txt,allv2,2025_7.txt,It is expected that buildings functionalized as CO2 sinks have the potential to significantly expand the current scope of carbon reduction and potentially achieve carbon neutrality.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering/2024_28.txt,ave_2,2024_28.txt,train
Joule,8_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/8_12.png,B,"On the cover: The cover image describes a full-scale thermoelectric cooling module
based on high-performance N-type Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 material, which is a promising substitute for the state-of-art commercial Bi2Te3. Temperatures as low as –34°C on the cold end and as high as 25°C on the hot end
were realized for the module, indicating its strong capability in thermoelectric cooling.
This work by Yang et al. (193–204) presents significant progress in thermoelectric
cooling based on new materials and paves the way for its next-generation thermoelectric
cooling application. Image credit: Dr. Hangtian Zhu.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/6_12.txt,sbert,6_12.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Ge et al. show that the insulating quartz networks embedded into the natural chalcocite can
block the long-range migration of Cu ions and construct a voltage divider circuit
for realizing excellent electrical stability and thermoelectric performance in the
natural mixed mineral. The cover art shows the natural mineral that can directly convert
temperature gradient to the electricity; the highlighted network structures in the
minerals are the keys to realizing the excellent thermoelectric performance. Image
credit: Dr. Prof. Zhen-Hua Ge.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/8_12.txt,groundtruth,8_12.txt,"On the Cover: The dynamic response of perovskites currently represents a major challenge
toward their commercialization for energy-harvesting applications. The image illustrates
how machine learning can be implemented to accelerate materials' development toward
stable devices. Using artificial neural networks, material-dependent rest phases that lead to device performance recovery can be identified. Cover art by M.S. Leite and E. Marushchenko.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/3_11.txt,multiBv1,3_11.txt,"On the Cover: In a thermoelectric material, heat flow will drive electronic charge
carriers along the same direction, enabling a direct conversion of thermal energy
to electricity. In order for this to work efficiently, these materials must be thermal
insulators to minimize heat loss. In this issue of Joule, Lin et al. (pp. 816–830) show that the cutoff frequency of acoustic phonons, a material
parameter that takes into account both the effect of crystal structural complexity
and soft chemical bonds, can be used to screen for promising thermal insulators. This
guiding principle leads to the discovery of Ag9GaSe6 as a high-performance thermoelectric material.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Joule/1_1.txt,allv2,1_1.txt,test
Med,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Med/5_12.png,A,"On the cover: Many human diseases display variations in their phenotypic manifestation,
which can be attributed to a complex interplay between underlying genetic factors.
In this issue, Levine et al. utilize data from the Human Phenotype Project to map the genetic correlates associated
with traits such as blood sugar levels and sleep quality, providing higher-resolution
links to disease than simple clinical diagnoses. This work suggests that phenotypic
associations may be useful in detecting disease-linked genetic signals before the
threshold for a clinical diagnosis is crossed and offers publicly accessible tools
to further map the exact genetic mechanisms underlying various aspects of human health
and disease. Cover art from Boris SV/Moment via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"On the cover: Traditional risk factors used to estimate the risk of developing coronary
artery disease (CAD) may still miss some individuals. CAD has a strong genetic component,
and a combination of genetic and clinical factors can yield a CAD polygenic risk score
(CAD PRS). In this issue of Med, Truong et al. develop a genome-wide CAD PRS and then explore its impact on the relationship between
clinical risk factors and CAD. In individuals with a high CAD PRS, the effect of some
known risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, is mitigated, whereas it is enhanced
for other risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol levels. These findings underscore
the complex interplay between genetics and lifestyle factors in CAD risk, highlighting
the need for personalized prevention strategies. Cover credit: Westend61/Westend61
via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/5_8.txt,allv2,5_8.txt,"On the cover: Drug safety in children can be affected by a number of dynamic variables
such as enzymatic activity and hormonal levels that change during child growth and
development. However, tools to predict adverse events in pediatric patients currently
do not take into account these dynamics. In this issue, Giangreco and Tatonetti (pp.
579–595) describe a pharmacovigilance signal-detection algorithm to identify dynamic
adverse events (such as metabolic and psychiatric disorders) and develop a database
and a web application that provide the first resource to identify and evaluate drug
safety signals across child-development stages. The cover symbolizes the data-driven
method of the authors to provide more clarity on drug safety in pediatric patients,
as parts of the image become better refined. Cover credit: adapted by Kip Lyall from
FG Trade/E+ via Getty Images.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/3_5.txt,multiBv1,3_5.txt,"On the cover: Decoding genetic interactions as a basis for pan-cancer precision oncology
biomarkers. This month, Dinstag et al. (pp. 15–30) present ENLIGHT, a transcriptomics-based
computational approach that identifies clinically relevant genetic interactions and
uses them to markedly enhance the ability to predict patient response to a variety
of therapies in multiple cancer types without training on previous treatment response
data. The cover visualizes the way ENLIGHT biomarkers, overlaid with the patient information,
help guide treatment nomination. Cover credit: Cindy Zhuang, VSC Studio.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Med/4_12.txt,sbert,4_12.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2024_19,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_19.png,D,"Proteins and DNA are quantified after tagging with a stable metal isotope selected from the periodic table. The blue beam in the center symbolizes the plasma created in the high temperature detector of the mass spectrometer. See Zhang and coauthors, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00509.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2016_8.txt,multiBv1,2016_8.txt,Chemistry is underpinned by the concerted motion of electrons and nuclei. This can be directly measured using time-resolved photoelectron imaging and is applied to photoactive protein chromophores to develop an intuitive H,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_16.txt,allv2,2022_16.txt,"The populations of photoexcited electrons injected into the conduction band of semiconductors are subjected to a variety of decay processes. When observed using transient absorption spectroscopy, this results in a convoluted multi-exponential decay. In this Account, we introduce a physical model",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2022_11.txt,sbert,2022_11.txt,"The events occurring upon electron ionization span across 12 orders of magnitude in time, leading to the generation of numerous product ions detected by the mass spectrometer. Time-resolved measurements are helping scientists understand fragmentation patterns better and potentially impacting applications based on electron-initiated chemistry.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_19.txt,groundtruth,2024_19.txt,train
ACS Synthetic Biology,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_2.png,A,that can directly measure gene transfer in soil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,Model cereal grass Setaria viridis growing with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum brasilense strains that have been engineered to stably release ammonia via multicopy genetic circuit redundancy of glutamine synthetase unidirectional adenylyltransferases (uATs).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2021_2.txt,allv2,2021_2.txt,"We introduce imaging flow cytometry for accelerating the engineering of synthetic cells. Gene-expressing liposomes from a large pool are imaged one by one in flow, providing a multiparametric analysis with spatially resolved information. We developed a pipeline for the identification of complex phenotypes and classification within heterogenous populations. I",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"The ATLAS of Biochemistry is a network of known and novel, predicted biochemical reactions. The left side shows how metabolites are connected within the KEGG reaction network, with different colors distinguishing different pathways. On the right, the same network is enriched with computationally predicted, potential biotransformations between known biological compounds.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Synthetic Biology/2020_7.txt,sbert,2020_7.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_4.png,D,"Costimulatory signaling via CD28 is required for the deletion of autoreactive thymocytes. Singer and colleagues (p 569; News and Views by Stritesky &#38; Hogquist, p 528) show that autoreactive cells that survive negative selection differentiate into TCRexpressing CD4-CD8- double-negative thymocytes that leave the thymus to become CD8aa+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. The original image by Xuguang Tai, Jingjing Zhang and Michael Kruhlak is an overlay of staining of the thymus for the maturation marker CD80 (green) and keratin 14 (red). Artwork by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/13_7.txt,allv2,13_7.txt,"A thymus section in the style of Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890). Fowlkes and colleagues show that by increasing the number of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that cannot be selected in a given microenvironment, lineage commitment can be redirected. Confocal micrograph by Matilde Canelles; art by Lewis Long.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,"CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance dynamics influence the outcome of intracellular infections and cancer. Masopust and colleagues show that mucosal tissue–resident memory CD8+ T cells proliferate in situ in response to local antigen and dominate the local recall response.
Image credit: Kevin Osum and Lalit Beura Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_11.txt,multiBv1,19_11.txt,"Thymic involution and immune aging
Dudakov and colleagues identify changes in the mouse thymic stromal compartment associated with age and injury and find age-related thymic epithelial cells that form a non-functional microenvironment in the involuted thymus.
See Kousa et al.
Image: DrawImpacts. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_4.txt,groundtruth,25_4.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY,25_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_12.png,B,"‘Happy ageing’, inspired by the new article series on molecular ageing and the Review on p421 .
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_6.txt,multiBv1,20_6.txt,"‘The power of antioxidants’, inspired by the Review on p13
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/25_12.txt,groundtruth,25_12.txt,"‘The yin and yang of apoptosis’, inspired by the Review on p175.
Cover design: Vicky Summersby.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/20_10.txt,sbert,20_10.txt,"‘Islets’, inspired by the Review on p142
Cover design: Vicky Summersby",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY/22_11.txt,allv2,22_11.txt,train
Accounts of Chemical Research,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_3.png,A,With the advantage of the design,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,–,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2023_6.txt,multiBv1,2023_6.txt,"The possibilities seem almost limitless as Watson–Crick base pairing permits the design and construction of molecular-scale architectures that act as vessels, chips, sensors, machines, and computers. Cover art contributions from Liedl (DOI: 10.1021/ar400319n), Famulok (DOI: 10.1021/ar400321h), Dwyer (DOI: 10.1021/ar500054u), and Seeman (DOI: 10.1021/ar500159g).  Design and layout by Philipp Nickels, Stephanie Simmel, and Amy Phifer. Background photo by Andrew Morton (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2014_7.txt,sbert,2014_7.txt,Cover concept and illustration by Alex Bosoy. Cover layout by Amy Phifer (see p 841).  View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2011_3.txt,allv2,2011_3.txt,train
Cell Reports Methods,5_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.png,D,"On the cover: In this issue, Shinde et al. present CMI-PB, a data resource and challenge contest to develop computational models
predicting vaccine responses. The cover image draws inspiration from the “blind man
and elephant” parable, showing blindfolded scientists each bringing their own expertise
to solve a multifaceted systems biology problem represented by the elephant and involving
the multi-omics datatypes represented at the top. Courtesy: Unsplash (Wolfgang Hasselmann)
and BioRender.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_10.txt,multiBv1,4_10.txt,"On the cover: Biological samples are often examined at the cellular level in order
to draw conclusions or suggest an appropriate medical diagnosis. In this issue, Toth
et al. report a method that improves cell classification accuracy using a fisheye-like
transformation that incorporates the environment around a cell of interest. This paper
is one of several being published as part of a joint special collection of papers
across Cell Reports portfolio journals focused on artificial intelligence. The cover
image represents two fishermen, where the one that uses the properly designed net
(similar to the fisheye transformation’s sampling net) can catch more cells. Cover
credit: Akos Diosdi and Timea Toth.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/2_1.txt,allv2,2_1.txt,"On the cover: In this issue, Poovathingal et al. present Nova-ST, an open-source sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics workflow.
The cover illustrates a spatial imprint of captured transcripts by Nova-ST from the
mouse brain. The illustration below the brain section represents an electron micrograph
of the repurposed Illumina Novaseq sequencing chip. Cover design by Duygu Koldere
Vilain (designosome.com).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/4_5.txt,sbert,4_5.txt,"On the cover: The cover image illustrates MMoCHi, a supervised machine learning framework
for cell-type classification of multimodal, single-cell genomics and spatial profiling
data developed by Caron et al. The colored layers and corresponding cell drawings represent different modalities
(e.g., morphology, protein, mRNA), with the bottom row showing the final, classified
form. The images at the bottom are micrographs of lymph nodes, with the colored annotations
from MMoCHi on the right. Credit: Daniel P. Caron.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports Methods/5_1.txt,groundtruth,5_1.txt,val
Journal of the American Chemical Society,2024_22,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_22.png,C,"Coronene molecules adsorbed on Ir(111) undergo complex conformational changes during dehydrogenation. Upon losing the first two hydrogen atoms, the bowl-shaped C24H12 molecule first lifts with respect to the surface and then gradually evolves by curling into a dome-shaped carbon nanoisland that eventually migrates, producing graphene. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2016_42.txt,sbert,2016_42.txt,"Molybdenum diboride (α-MoB2) comprising borophene subunits can serve as a noble metal-free super-efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with large current densities in the order of 1000 mA/cm2. The catalyst remains stable during electrocatalysis even at very high surface hydrogen coverage. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2017_16.txt,multiBv1,2017_16.txt,"A heterophase intermetallic as an efficient electrocatalyst is developed for the first time. The enhanced electron transfer between two components and the formed phase boundaries in Ru2Ge3/RuGe lead to enhanced water adsorption, fast water dissociation kinetics,",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_22.txt,groundtruth,2024_22.txt,"Well-defined silica-supported tantalum/iridium heterobimetallic complexes promote H/D exchange between fluorobenzene and D2 with excellent productivity under mild conditions. These original materials exhibit drastically increased catalytic performances with respect to monometallic analogues as well as homogeneous systems and rival the best catalysts known to date. See Camp and co-workers, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08311 View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2020_49.txt,allv2,2020_49.txt,test
Nature Physics,21_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/21_1.png,B,"Odd viscosity
A chiral fluid comprising spinning colloidal magnets exhibits macroscopic dynamics reminiscent of the free surface flows of Newtonian fluids, together with unique features suggestive of Hall—or odd—viscosity.
See Irvine et al.
Image: Vishal Soni, Ephraim Bililign, Sofia Magkiriadou, University of Chicago. Cover Design: David Shand",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/15_2.txt,allv2,15_2.txt,"Spinning swimmers
A particle rotating in a fluid generates vorticity around itself. Panyu Chen and co-workers show how the dynamics of a collection of such spinners suspended in a liquid can display flocking and three-dimensional active chirality.
See Chen et al.
Image: Hubert Gao, Panyu Chen, IrvineLab. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/21_1.txt,groundtruth,21_1.txt,"Controlled turbulence
Turbulence is generated using vortex rings as building blocks in a quiescent environment.
See Matsuzawa et al. and Research Briefing
Image: Takumi Matsuzawa, IrvineLab, University of Chicago. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/19_5.txt,ave_3,19_5.txt,"Turbulence in starfish egg cells
Activity in certain living systems can lead to swirling flows akin to turbulence. Here, the authors connect the dynamics of topological defects in starfish oocyte membranes to vortex dynamics in 2D Bose–Einstein condensates.
See Tan et al.
Image: Tzer Han Tan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cover Design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Physics/16_7.txt,ave_2,16_7.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.png,D,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_2.txt,allv2,25_2.txt,"Transitioning through mountain terrain, inspired by the Review on p7.
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/25_1.txt,ave_2,25_1.txt,"Lay of the land, inspired by the Review on p541.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/21_4.txt,sbert,21_4.txt,"Mapping landscapes, inspired by the Review on p171
Cover design: Lara Crow",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_10.txt,groundtruth,24_10.txt,train
Current Biology,34_23,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Current Biology/34_23.png,C,"On the cover: The image shows a wounded monolayer of fibroblasts immunofluorescently
stained for microtubules (green), cell-cell contacts (red, β-catenin marker), and
nuclei (blue). The cells orient the centrosome (at the focus of the microtubules)
in response to wounding and stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid. In this issue,
Schmoranzer et al. (pages 1065–1074) show that Par3 works with dynein at the cell-cell
contacts to tether microtubules and position the centrosome during centrosome orientation.
Image by Jan Schmoranzer.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/19_12.txt,ave_2,19_12.txt,"On the cover: Microtubule bundle structures such as the central spindle and midbody
are essential for the cytoplasm of a single animal cell to be divided into two during
cytokinesis. In this issue, Douglas et al. (927–933) provide a molecular mechanism
explaining how the assembly of these microtubule bundles is regulated by the mitotic
kinase Aurora B. The cover image shows a mammalian cell at a late stage of cytokinesis
immunostained to show microtubules (red), the midbody component centralspindlin (green),
and nuclei (blue). Assembly of the central spindle and midbody must be spatially regulated
to ensure that cytokinesis occurs between segregating chromosomes. This is in part
achieved by the accumulation of centralspindlin specifically to the center of microtubule
bundles, as this image shows. Image by Douglas et al.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/20_15.txt,sbert,20_15.txt,"On the cover: Bundles of in vitro reconstituted, oriented actin filaments (in magenta) formed in the presence of an
abundant microtubule polymerase CKAP5 (also known as chTOG, or XMAP215 from X. laevis; in cyan). In this issue, Sabo et al. describe novel functions of CKAP5 using a combination of in vitro reconstitution and neuronal explant experiments. The authors show that CKAP5 autonomously
bundles actin filaments (seen here on the cover), crosslinks actin filaments to microtubules
regardless of their polarity, and enables the formation of persistent actin bundles
templated by dynamically unstable microtubules. Cover image by Jan Sabo.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/34_23.txt,groundtruth,34_23.txt,"On the cover: The dynamic networks of polymers that form the cytoskeleton support
many important cellular functions, including maintenance of cell shape, mechanical
integrity, motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. Thanks to recent
technological and imaging advances, we are gaining a clearer understanding of filament
assembly mechanisms and the interplay between different cytoskeletal networks, as
well as a fuller appreciation of the range of cellular and morphogenetic processes
that depend on these structures. Our special issue on the cytoskeleton (pages R496–R695)
includes a collection of reviews, primers, and quick guides that highlights the diversity
and complexity of cytoskeletal regulation and function. The cover image shows the
microtubule network (blue) and the actin network (yellow and red) in a mouse embryonic
fibroblast plated on a disk-shaped micropattern, revealing the radial organization
of microtubules in the central part of the cell that is devoid of actin bundles and
the circular organization of microtubules where they encounter contractile actin bundles.
Image courtesy of Alexandre Schaeffer and Manuel Théry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Current Biology/31_15.txt,allv2,31_15.txt,train
Cell Host&Microbe,32_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Host&Microbe/32_1.png,C,"On the cover: Mycobacteria-infected macrophages undergo apoptosis, but its consequences
for the host and the microbe are unclear. In this issue, Martin et al. (pp. 289–300)
use a mouse model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection to show that macrophages phagocytose apoptotic bodies harboring live
bacteria and kill Mtb via subsequent fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome. Investigating
neutrophil function during Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish, Yang et al. (pp. 301–312) find that apoptotic macrophages
harboring live bacteria send signals that recruit neutrophils, which also phagocytose
apoptotic bodies and kill the bacteria via oxidative mechanisms. Collectively, apoptotic
cell phagocytosis, a process termed efferocytosis, emerges as an antibacterial function
capable of killing mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo. The cover depicts an electron
micrograph of Mtb (green) within an apoptotic bleb that has just been engulfed by
an uninfected macrophage (image obtained from Martin et al.).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/12_4.txt,allv2,12_4.txt,"On the cover: The lengthy course of treatment with currently used antimycobacterial
drugs and the resulting emergence of drug-resistant strains have intensified the need
for alternative therapies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis. Napier et al. show that Imatinib (Gleevec),
the FDA-approved cancer drug that inhibits Abl1 and related host tyrosine kinases,
significantly reduces disease severity in mice infected with Mtb. Imatinib is shown to be effective against drug-resistant Mtb strains and acts in synergy with current first-line antituberculosis drugs. The cover
image depicts Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing Mycobacterium marinum infecting a murine bone marrow-derived macrophage. Cellular actin is stained with
phalloidin (in red) and the nucleus is stained with DAPI (in blue). Image by R. Napier,
K. Ris-Vicari, and D. Kalman.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/10_2.txt,ave_3,10_2.txt,"On the cover: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of neutrophils (blue) infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pink) and releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs, yellow). In this issue
of Cell Host & Microbe, Sur Chowdhury and colleagues demonstrate that extracellular M. tuberculosis are directly associated with the NETs that are studded with antimicrobial effectors,
but the M. tuberculosis are not killed and instead thrive in the presence of the NETs neutrophils.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/32_1.txt,groundtruth,32_1.txt,"On the cover: Innate recognition of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a crucial step to confer resistance to infection. In this issue, three studies
demonstrate that the cytosolic DNA receptor cGAS is the host sensor responsible for
type I interferon induction upon M. tuberculosis infection. Wassermann et al. (pp. 799–810) show that cGAS stimulation and subsequent
interferon production are dependent upon the mycobacterial secretion system ESX-1
and involve triggers distinct from inflammasome activation. Watson et al. (pp. 811–819)
and Collins et al. (pp. 820–828) reveal that M. tuberculosis-induced cGAS activation is critical not only for interferon induction, but also cell-intrinsic
antibacterial defenses such as autophagy. The cover image shows a high-resolution
electron microscopy image of virulent M. tuberculosis and was provided by Andrea Ablasser.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Host&Microbe/17_1.txt,multiBv1,17_1.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_3.png,D,"The complex contours of newly described mechanisms that control cell cycle transcription.
On pages 640–652 in this issue, Emanuele et al. discuss the emerging role of the ubiquitin system, and specifically the SCF-Cyclin
F ubiquitin ligase, in controlling E2F family transcriptional regulators. They highlight
a deeply interconnected circuit and its implications in proliferative transcriptional
control. Image credit: Christine Allie Mills.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/30_5.txt,multiBv1,30_5.txt,"The covalent attachment of the small modifier ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins is
a prevalent post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells and regulates numerous
cellular functions. Ub can form homotypic and heterotypic chains, with new emphasis
being placed on branched, heterotypic Ub chains. Branched Ub chains are expanding
the versatility and specificity of Ub-dependent signaling. In this issue, Haakonsen
and Rape (pages 704–716) review the synthesis and function of branched ubiquitin chains.
Image courtesy of iStock/belterz.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/29_4.txt,allv2,29_4.txt,"The cover is inspired by “The Acrobat” by Pablo Picasso. On pages
228–242 in this issue, Graziani et al. turn the athlete into a surrealistic representation
of an amoeboid cancer cell in a challenging 3D environment. Body strength parallels
high actomyosin levels in these cells, while intrinsic flexibility refers to enhanced
tumour plasticity, which leads amoeboid cells to squeeze through the extracellular
matrix. The limbs symbolise the interaction with the surrounding environment. The
right hand and foot block immune cell functions and therapy responses, respectively.
The left foot pushes ROS species away, while the left hand reaches the vasculature,
favouring dissemination. In the background, shadows indicate athlete clones, which
are a metaphor for stem cell properties of amoeboid cancer cells. Cover designed by
Hector Maiques.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/32_10.txt,sbert,32_10.txt,"The musicians of Bremen, by unifying their forces through teamwork,
were able to accomplish something that none of them could have done alone: they
performed a strange concert to counteract the attack of bandits. In this issue, Costanzo
et al. show that the same is true for CSA and CSB, which, by cooperating with other
proteins in a ubiquitination complex, can accomplish and orchestrate functions
pivotal for various molecular mechanisms, such as DNA repair, gene expression, and
cell division. Cover design by Elena Paccosi & Luca Proietti De Santis.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_3.txt,groundtruth,34_3.txt,train
ACS Macro Letters,2025_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Macro Letters/2025_1.png,A,Allying intramolecular transesterification (the backbiting side reaction) with a compositionally distinct star-shaped macroinitiator is proven particularly effective for the synthesis of cyclic alternating copolymers. The substantially enlarged solubility difference between the cyclic and acyclic part of the product significantly facilitates their separation by simple precipitation treatments.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2025_1.txt,groundtruth,2025_1.txt,"The exciting and rapidly expanding field of mechanochemistry is at the very forefront of sustainable synthesis whilst also allowing greatly simplified experimental procedures and interesting alternative reactivity. For the first time, ring-opening copolymerization was performed via mechanochemistry. Highly efficient (co)polymerizations were achieved in a ball-milling system using monomers derived from amino acids and starch. Importantly, organic co-catalysis effects, homologous to those observed in solution, were demonstrated to be active within the mechanochemical system. This study opens a new field of study in (co)polymer synthesis and organic catalysis.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2021_1.txt,sbert,2021_1.txt,Stereoselective copolymerization of vinyl ethers using a chiral BINOL-based phosphoric acid in combination with a titanium Lewis acid enabled the realization of semicrystalline thermoplastics with tunable thermomechanical properties. The broad substrate scope of the catalyst facilitated the copolymerization of structurally diverse monomers without sacrificing stereoselectivity. The method highlights the diverse material properties accessible through stereoselective cationic polymerization mediated by a chiral anion. Image courtesy of Ella Maru Studio (https://scientific-illustrations.com/) and Frank A. Leibfarth.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2019_1.txt,multiBv1,2019_1.txt,"Reversible transformation between neat monomers and network polymers is achieved by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclopentene derivatives. Only a mild temperature stimulus is needed to depolymerize the networks into liquid monomers, which are transported and repolymerized to remodel the material system at room temperature. Image courtesy of Jeffrey S. Moore",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Macro Letters/2018_5.txt,allv2,2018_5.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER,24_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_11.png,A,"Jumping genes, inspired by the Review on p123.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/24_11.txt,groundtruth,24_11.txt,"COVER: Types of structural variation, inspired by the Perspective on p533.
Cover design: David Johnston.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/22_4.txt,allv2,22_4.txt,"Origins, inspired by the Review on p710.
Cover design: Lara Crow.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/23_3.txt,sbert,23_3.txt,"'Hopping DNA' by Carl Conway, inspired by the Review on p415.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS CANCER/17_6.txt,multiBv1,17_6.txt,train
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,2024_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.png,C,"Unveiling the innovative electrospray fusion of monomers and exfoliated Montmorillonite nanoclay fillers, we present the creation of an ultrathin, chlorine-resistant polyamide thin-film nanocomposite membrane. This meticulously controlled thickness and morphology serves as a conduit for an impressive enhancement of desalination performance. Its potential is vast, poised to transform water treatment applications, painting a promising picture for the future of sustainable water resources. Art by the team of Inmywork Studio.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2023_1.txt,multiBv1,2023_1.txt,"The cover art depicts an innovative solar reflector design. Utilizing polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystals, the originally transparent polymer achieves near 100% solar reflectivity. This design shows considerable potential for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, smart agriculture, space missions, and wearable solar devices. Part of the cover art was created using MidJourney AI.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_7.txt,ave_1,2024_7.txt,"The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_3.txt,groundtruth,2024_3.txt,"A true drug-polymer comprised of 100% drug units was found to show enhanced biocidal activity, and the polymerization helped to achieve better physical property, which is friendly for suture-coating applications.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2022_8.txt,allv2,2022_8.txt,train
Nature Microbiology,9_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Microbiology/9_4.png,C,"Fungi feel Serratia’s edge
The type VI secretion system of Serratia marcescens can deliver effector proteins that target fungi, including pathogenic Candida species, via disruption of nutrient uptake, induction of autophagy or loss of plasma membrane potential.
See Trunk et al.
Image: Henrik Strahl and Katharina Trunk. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/3_5.txt,ave_2,3_5.txt,"Inter(septin) fungal invasion
Shown is a scanning electron micrograph of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (pink) on the surface of a rice leaf. A specialised fungal infection cell known as the appressorium uses physical force to breach the surface of the host leaf. Min He et al. find that very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) act as mediators of septin organization at membrane interfaces and that depletion of VLCFAs prevents septin assembly and host penetration by M. oryzae. They show that inhibitors of VLCFA biosynthesis prevent initiation of septin-mediated fungal infection and can be used as broad-spectrum fungicides for the prevention of rice blast disease and fungal pathogens of maize, wheat and locusts, without affecting plant hosts.
See He, M. et al.
Image: Lauren Ryder (The Sainsbury Laboratory) and Kim Findlay (John Innes Centre). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/5_1.txt,allv2,5_1.txt,"Fusarium goes bananas
This image shows leaf yellowing on a Cavendish banana plant in northern Mozambique. The plant was infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4), a soil-borne fungus, that affects a range of banana varieties. Once present in a banana field, the fungus cannot be eradicated, making future production of Cavendish bananas almost impossible. In this issue, Zhang et al. show that all Cavendish banana-infecting race 4 strains share a single origin, and that TR4 accessory genes are enriched for virulence and mitochondrion-related functions. The authors also discovered that the fungal nitric oxide biosynthesis pathway is induced upon banana plant infection, suggesting that nitric oxide could be used as a target for disease management.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Altus Viljoen. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/9_4.txt,groundtruth,9_4.txt,"Tecovirimat blocks monkeypox replication
Shown is a coloured transmission electron microscope image of newly formed human monkeypox virus particles in an infected cell. In this issue, phylogenetic analysis of a monkeypox virus that was isolated from the first clinical case in France during the 2022 international outbreak is presented, together with an analysis of its in vitro sensitivity to the FDA-approved drug tecovirimat.
See Frenois-Veyrat et al.
Image: Ms Cécile Enfroy (IRBA, France) and Ms Myriam Oger (IRBA, France). Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Microbiology/7_1.txt,sbert,7_1.txt,val
Nature Chemistry,16_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_10.png,D,"The barrel-like structure of the heptameric-pore-forming protein &#593;-haemolysin can be used as a 'nanoreactor' to study the reactions of single molecules. Now, Hagan Bayley and co-workers have engineered a pore in which one of the seven subunits contains a cysteine residue. The thiol side-chain of this amino acid can react with a quinone inside the pore (shown conceptually on the cover) and the ion current through the pore used to study the reaction kinetics. a deuterium-isotope effect — in a mechanistic step that occurs after the rate-determining step — has been observed for the first time.
Cover design by Alex Wing/Nature Chemistry.
Article p921
News & Views p905",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/2_2.txt,allv2,2_2.txt,"Cell membranes are a crucial component of biological systems and they fulfil a variety of essential roles, including the compartmentalization of chemical reactions as well as enabling the formation of concentration gradients. Molecules and ions, acting as chemical signals, must be transported across cell membranes to mediate a range of cellular functions. A collection of articles in this issue discuss artificial methods for transporting chemical information across lipid bilayers. The cover image shows a synthetic transmembrane pore — formed by the self-assembly of a-helical peptides — developed by a team led by Haganâ Bayley and Derek N. Woolfson and described on page 411.
Editorial p403; News &#38; Views p406; Articles p411, p420, p426 and p431
IMAGE: LINGBING KONG
COVER DESIGN: SAMANTHA WHITHAM",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/9_8.txt,sbert,9_8.txt,"Over recent years there has been a surge of interest in halogen bonding and in some settings it has emerged as a compelling and complementary alternative to hydrogen bonding for the purposes of self-assembly and molecular recognition. Now, Paul Beer and co-workers have shown that halogen bonding enables rotaxane-based hosts to bind anions more strongly in water than the corresponding hydrogenbonding systems. The cover shows halogen-bonding host rotaxanes binding iodide anions — mediated by iodine–iodide halogen-bonding interactions — in water.Article p1039News &#38; Views p1029IMAGE: KARL HARRISONCOVER DESIGN: ALEX WING",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/6_1.txt,ave_2,6_1.txt,"Caught in a trap
Sulfate-binding proteins — which capture sulfate from water using hydrogen bonds from charge-neutral motifs — serve as key inspiration in anion receptor chemistry, but synthetic systems showing similar selectivity have so far been elusive. Xin Wu, Evelyne Deplazes and colleagues have now made a neutral molecular cage that binds sulfate in water using 12 hydrogen atoms, as depicted artistically on the cover. The background shows an empty cage and an unbound sulfate.
See Jing et al.
Image: Bolun Chen, Senling Culture Co., Ltd. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_10.txt,groundtruth,16_10.txt,train
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.png,D,Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_7.txt,allv2,2023_7.txt,"These illustrations convey the overall concept of realizing biodegradable, structural color pixels using exclusively Earth-abundant materials. Mg is a burgeoning choice for photonics that can enable transient",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_9.txt,ave_2,2023_9.txt,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,"The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,train
Immunity,57_10,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_10.png,D,"On the cover: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells shape the tumor microenvironment, with
varied effects on tumor progression. In turn, the phenotype and function of immune
cells can be altered by the surrounding tumor. Studies exploring these interactions
are shedding light into the mechanisms underlying effective immunotherapies, as well
as the biology behind innate and acquired resistance to checkpoint blockade approaches.
In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that discuss the current understanding of immunity
in the tumor microenvironment. Wellenstein and de Visser (399–416) examine the mechanisms
whereby common drivers of tumorigenesis—oncogenes and (loss of) tumor suppressors—shape
the immune landscape of these tumors, and how knowledge of these cancer-cell intrinsic
pathways can be harnessed in combination with immunotherapy approaches. Patel and
Minn (417–433) present framework wherein the effects of cancer in immunity are conceptualized
as disrupting discriminatory functions of the immune system, namely antigenicity,
adjuvanticity, and feedback inhibition. Within this framework, the authors discuss
how combination therapies can be designed so as to restore these functions. Sun et
al. (434–452) review recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate the PD-L1 axis
in cancer and discuss how incorporating this understanding into clinical decisions
may lead to more precise and effective immunotherapies. Finally, Godfrey et al. (453–473)
survey the literature on the impact of unconventional T cells in tumor progression
and remind us of the therapeutic potential inherent in immune cells of known antigenicity
and limited variability. The image on the cover depicts cancer as a crab-shaped tree,
with a thriving branch infiltrated by immune cells that foster tumor progression and
broken branch weighed down by anti-tumor immune cells. Image by Tomasz Ahrends, Max
Wellenstein, and Karin de Visser.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/48_4.txt,ave_3,48_4.txt,"On the cover: In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has become a pillar in the treatment
of cancer. In this issue of Immunity, we present three review articles that discuss the current status of cancer immunotherapy
in the clinic and emerging insights into the interactions between tumors and the immune
system. In a Perspective, Hegde and Chen (17–35) discuss the top 10 challenges facing
this field, including the opportunity to optimize both synthetic and endogenous immune
approaches and to target different immune suppressive mechanisms specific for each
patient with cancer. Wu, Ouyang, and Egen (36–54) review recent clinical studies of
cancer immunotherapies beyond anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD(L)1 and discuss therapeutic
avenues that are showing promise, as well as ones that do not seem to be working.
Galon and Bruni (55–81) review the evolution of the field of tumor immunology, how
these advances have shaped our understanding of cancer as a disease, and the importance
of revising current cancer stratification system to include immune parameters so as
to better guide clinical decisions. The cover illustrates the evolution of tumor clones
and of the immune contexture during carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and invasion
in space and time, with intratumoral T cells depicted in orange and immunotherapy
symbolized by blue antibodies. Image credit: Daniela Bruni and Jérôme Galon.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/52_6.txt,allv2,52_6.txt,"On the cover: Cancer immunotherapy holds considerable promise. However, a concerted
effort is necessary to better understand the fundamental basis of the interactions
between cancer cells and their environment and the immune system in order to fully
realize the potential of treating cancer by manipulating the immune system. This issue
of Immunity examines cancer immunotherapies with a collection of seven review articles focusing
on immune gene signatures, immune suppression, activation of the innate immune system,
dendritic cell therapy, T cell transfer therapy, chemotherapy and immunosurveillance,
and immune modulators. The cover shows T cells (yellow) engineered to express a chimeric
antigen receptor, depicted by the gray wrench with the bolt to indicate its synthetic
nature. One of the T cells is engaging with and killing a tumor cell while releasing
cytokines. In the background, a macrophage is engulfing a tumor fragment and releasing
soluble factors. Illustration by Lili Guo, University of Pennsylvania.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/39_6.txt,multiBv1,39_6.txt,"On the cover: Cancer patients often receive a combination of antibodies targeting
PD-L1 and CTLA4, but there is little mechanistic insight into whether and how these
therapeutic approaches synergize in specific disease settings. Franken et al. examine the contribution of anti-CTLA4 to anti-PD-L1 therapy in head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and identify CD4+ T cell activation and recruitment from tdLNs are hallmarks of early response to anti-PD-L1
plus anti-CTLA4 in HNSCC. The potential of combination approaches in cancer immunotherapy
is illustrated as a puzzle cube with each facet of the cube containing immune cells
or mechanisms that, when aligned, have the potential of contributing to anti-tumor
immunity. Image created by Amelie Franken.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Immunity/57_10.txt,groundtruth,57_10.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_5.png,D,"A gut microbiome-derived metabolite promotes obesity
Delta-valerobetaine is identified as a gut microbiome-derived metabolite that correlates with adiposity in humans, while exacerbating diet-induced obesity in mice.
See Liu, Owens, Saeedi et al.
Image: nobeastsofierce Science / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/3_1.txt,sbert,3_1.txt,"Angiocrine polyamines regulate adiposity
Polyamines produced by endothelial cells in white adipose tissue support adipocyte lipolysis and have a role in maintaining healthy adipose tissue homeostasis. The cover image represents an artistic illustration of this concept, depicting the endothelium (magenta), polyamines (ultramarine), adipose tissue (yellow) and free fatty acids (yellow droplets), which are released as a result of lipolysis.
See Monelli et al.
Image: Arkaitz Carracedo, CIC bioGUNE. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_10.txt,ave_2,4_10.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,"Focus on diet and cardiometabolic health
In this Focus issue, we highlight content on how dietary interventions can impact cardiometabolic health, from preclinical models to human studies. The cover image is an artistic representation reflecting the impact of diet on metabolic processes.
An accompanying web collection can be found here: [https://www.nature.com/collections/ddeacfbgfh]
Image: Thomas Phillips. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_5.txt,groundtruth,6_5.txt,train
Science Advances,11_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Advances/11_4.png,A,"ONLINE COVER Simultaneous multi-color bioluminescence imaging of a cell mixture. Bioluminescence is an optical marker that does not require excitation by light. Hattori et al. developed a method to expand the bioluminescence color scheme of luciferase by establishing 20 color variants. This imaging method can be applied across various scales, from organelles to animals, and enables simple simultaneous observation of numerous biological targets and phenomena. Credit: Takeharu Nagai",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/11_4.txt,groundtruth,11_4.txt,"ONLINE COVER Whole-tumor hypoxia imaging of a HeLa/5HRE-d2EGFP tumor. The image shows the results of Click3D, a method for thoroughly staining whole organs using click chemistry. This visualization method allows for high-resolution 3D fluorescence imaging, at greater staining depths compared to conventional methods. Tamura et al. developed Click3D, and mapped nascent RNAs in whole kidneys, and hypoxia throughout tumors and the brain, expanding the observable target range to deepen understanding of biological phenomena and disease pathology. Credit: Shinsuke Sando",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_29.txt,ave_2,10_29.txt,"ONLINE COVER A three-dimensional image of a mouse kidney section acquired via laser scanning confocal microscopy. The three colors correspond to three fluorescent stains DAPI (purple), phalloidin (blue), and wheat germ agglutinin (yellow). Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool in biological research, but the content and quality of acquired images limits observations of biological phenomena. Mandracchia et al. introduce image quality by modeling the image acquisition process and using pixelwise noise correction. Multiscale image restoration through optimally sparse representation (MIRO) enables fast, low-light optical microscopy by restoring the fluorescence signal for a wide range of microscopy systems. Credit: © 2023 Shu Jia",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/9_35.txt,multiBv1,9_35.txt,"ONLINE COVER A 50-μm-thick mouse brain section showing excitation and emission multiplexing. This week’s special issue highlights several frontiers of chemical imaging research. This rapidly growing field offers powerful options for probing molecules in their natural environment, whether living systems or functional materials. Advanced imaging modalities allow researchers to investigate the function of molecules rather than simply detecting their presence. Credit: Guo et al. / Science Advances",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Advances/10_50.txt,allv2,10_50.txt,train
BDJ In Practice,37_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/BDJ In Practice/37_8.png,A,"In this May issue...
Technology is here to stay, and for those early adopters, you're likely reaping the rewards. For those unwilling or unable, this issue's cover feature digs into what's around the corner in the hope of trickledown technology
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/37_8.txt,groundtruth,37_8.txt,"In this issue...
We can all agree that the online digital world is a wonderful thing. Information is available at the click of a finger. But how accurate is that information? Where has it come from? And is it dangerous? This month's cover feature takes a look
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/32_3.txt,allv2,32_3.txt,"In this issue...
We ask what kind of future lies ahead for students and young dentists
Cover illustration by Danny Allison",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/33_6.txt,ave_3,33_6.txt,"In this issue...
There's increasing chatter about the wider and fully integrated role of digital within the profession, and that includes the use of AI. So our cover feature looks at how it can be incorporated into everyday practice
Cover illustration by Tim Marrs",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/BDJ In Practice/35_6.txt,multiBv1,35_6.txt,train
Trends in Ecology & Evolution,39_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_8.png,C,"Ecosystems around the world are increasingly composed of a mixture of native and non-native
species. On pp. 146–153 of this issue, Arian Wallach and colleagues discuss the role
of top predators in such ecosystems in the context of trophic cascade theory. Amongst
the examples they describe, the lionfish, Pterois volitans, can be released indirectly from top-down control by shark fishing. The lionfish's
increased predation of herbivorous fish can lead to the take-over of coral reefs by
seaweed. Photo by Alexander Vasenin, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/30_10.txt,multiBv1,30_10.txt,"The last 30 years have seen several paradigm shifts in our understanding of how ocean
ecosystems function. On pages 874–884 Graeme C. Hays and colleagues review new techniques
that suggest that jellyfish may be a far more important food item for marine predators
than previously suspected. The cover image shows a compass jellyfish(Chrysaora hysoscella).Imagecredit: John Collins.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/33_2.txt,ave_2,33_2.txt,"Animals, such as Singapore parrotfish, Scarus prasiognathos, shown here,
transport energy and nutrients through food webs and across ecosystem boundaries.
While energy and nutrient fluxes can be measured for individual animals, scaling up
these individual processes to entire communities is difficult, particularly in high-diversity
systems such as coral reefs. On pages 467−478, James Robinson and colleagues argue
that filling data gaps and combining flux frameworks with existing ecosystem tools
will
improve quantitative predictions, which will advance our understanding of how fishes
contribute to ecosystem functions and services. Photo credit: Tane Sinclair-Taylor.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_8.txt,groundtruth,39_8.txt,"On pages 1177–1188, Sally Keith and colleagues introduce the new field of “macrobehaviour”.
This field integrates behavioural ecology and macroecology to provide new insight
into both fields, and has particular relevance for understanding ecological responses
to rapid environmental change. Coral reefs occur throughout the tropics and show clear
geographic patterns in species diversity. As such, reef fish, such as the threespot
damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus), pictured here, offer an ideal system in which to study macrobehaviour. Cover credit:
Umeed Mistry.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/38_1.txt,allv2,38_1.txt,train
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry,2024_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.png,C,"The cover art illustrates the emission of methane sulfonamide (MSAM) from the oceans and how it undergoes oxidation mediated by a Cl atom, oxygen (3O2), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) to generate pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), formic acid (HC(O)OH), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_8.txt,ave_3,2023_8.txt,"Elemental iron is effective in simultaneous removal of co-existing TcVII and CrVI from contaminated streams when the Fe0/(CrVII + TcVI) molar ratio exceeds 106. Elevated concentrations of Cr(VI) inhibit Fe0 oxidation and removal of contaminants. This cover features work from Drs. Yelena Katsenovich, Florida International University, and Tatiana Levitskaia and Hilary Emerson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The original artwork was created by Nathan Johnson, an illustrator at PNNL.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_9.txt,allv2,2024_9.txt,SEM image of the ferrihydrite added to the radioiodine-contaminated sediment samples in the column sorption and transport experiments. The SEM image was taken by Odeta Qafoku (PNNL).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2024_11.txt,groundtruth,2024_11.txt,The competitive reactions of sulfur dioxide and acrylic acid on the surface of TiO2 mineral dust particles under different environmental conditions.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Earth and Space Chemistry/2023_10.txt,ave_2,2023_10.txt,test
Nano Letters,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Nano Letters/2025_3.png,D,"At the bottom, a graphene device being illuminated. At the top, a nanoantenna approaching the device to concentrate light in the localized tip apex. The concentric circles in the sample represent the interaction area, that dictates the near-field optical interference response.  View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2023_6.txt,ave_3,2023_6.txt,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model). View the article.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_4.txt,allv2,2025_4.txt,"This illustration shows the generation of nanoscale light waves and their transfer over large distances. Laser light illuminates nanoplasmonic transceiver to excite plasmon modes, spatially confined to 20 nm × 20 nm. These plasmons propagate inside the slot waveguide and are converted to surface waves for long-range propagation. Remotely located transceiver converts the surface waves to nanoscale plasmons. Moshik Cohen, Yossi Abulafia, Dmitry Lev, Aaron Lewis, Reuven Shavit, and Zeev Zalevsky. Cover art created by Ilil Hitin. View the article.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2017_4.txt,ave_2,2017_4.txt,An evanescent near field (golden particles) beneath the apex of a metallic tip launches a surface plasmon polariton wave (golden surface wave) on an atomically thin graphene layer (hexagonal ball and stick model).,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Nano Letters/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,train
Biomacromolecules,2024_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_2.png,B,"An anisotropic bacterial, nanocellulose-based, artificial cornea was prepared by cross-linking hyaluronic acid. The composite artificial cornea could replace the diseased cornea with many excellent physical and chemical properties, such as high light transmission, suture resistance, anisotropic mechanical properties, high moisture retention, and good cytocompatibility. There is great clinical potential for such materials in corneal transplantation.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2023_12.txt,multiBv1,2023_12.txt,"In this work, endothelium-mimicking surfaces were constructed by integrating the antifouling properties, glycosaminoglycan analogs, and nitric oxide generation capabilities characteristic of a healthy endothelium. By regulating different functional components, an elegant balance between antifouling properties and endothelial cell selectivity was achieved on the silicone surface.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_2.txt,groundtruth,2024_2.txt,"Engineering cell surfaces to introduce (or block) functionality offers many opportunities to develop new tools in biotechnology or medicine. A standard approach is to use genetic methods to introduce, e.g., antibodies, to the cell surface. However, this does not enable the addition of nonbiological functionality. Here the process of glycan metabolic labeling is exploited to install bio-orthogonal (azido) handles onto cell surfaces as part of their glycocalyx. The method is appealing as it simply requires addition of the appropriate monosaccharide to the cell culture media. Using these handles, new polymer functionality is brought to the cell surface making use of a simple-strain promoted click reaction. This process is shown to be well tolerated by the cells, and the density of the polymers which can be added to the surface can be easily tuned by their molecular weight. Image courtesy of Ruben M. F. Tomás and Matthew I. Gibson.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2019_6.txt,allv2,2019_6.txt,"Self-adhesive hydrogels crosslinked via a combination of boronic acid/diol and alginate/calcium interactions can be used to self-seal additively manufactured hydrogel-based microchannels within minutes following simple stacking of templated hydrogel slabs.  The self-adhered microchannels can support both fluid perfusion and endothelial cell growth, offering an alternate strategy to form vascularized hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds using a facile and flexible assembly protocol.  Image courtesy of Todd Hoare, Xudong Deng, and Rana Attala",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2018_12.txt,ave_2,2018_12.txt,test
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering,1_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.png,D,"Welcome to the first issue of Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, a new Nature Reviews journal covering all areas of electrical engineering from electronics and photonics to robotics, telecommunications, energy and signal processing, with a particular focus on applied and industrial research.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_12.txt,sbert,1_12.txt,"Human body digital twins can be created through the analysis and modelling of real physiological data coming from on-body sensors and medical devices. The cover image illustrates the duality between the real world and the virtual representation. See Occhipinti et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_10.txt,multiBv1,1_10.txt,"Textile displays are promising for next-generation displays owing to their capabilities of weaving electroluminescent units directly into the interwoven points of polymer composite fibres. The cover image shows the textile display. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,"Drawing inspiration from diverse energy processes in nature presents the opportunity to achieve efficient energy harvesting from water, sunlight, heat, and their hybrids through interfacial engineering. The cover image illustrates structural design for sunlight harvesting inspired by butterfly wing textures. See Wang et al.
Cover design: Sam Whitham",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering/1_9.txt,groundtruth,1_9.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY,21_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.png,A,"Looking back on 2023, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p72.
Cover design: Laura Marshall.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_11.txt,groundtruth,21_11.txt,"Breaking barriers, inspired by the Review on p222.
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/21_9.txt,ave_3,21_9.txt,"Spotlight on 2021, inspired by the Year in Reviews starting on p81
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/19_11.txt,ave_2,19_11.txt,"Looking back on 2022, inspired by the Year in Reviews on p67
Cover design: Laura Marshall",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY/20_11.txt,allv2,20_11.txt,test
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_5.png,D,"Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: T. Rösler et al., “Toward Water-Based Recycling Techniques: Methodologies for Homogeneous Catalyst Recycling in Liquid/Liquid Multiphase Media and Their Implementation in Continuous Processes” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04295); S. Ackermann et al., “Optimization Framework for the Simultaneous Batching and Scheduling of Multisite Production Environments” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03140); and G. Zhao et al., “Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Fe3O4–CsxWO3/NiAl Layered Double Hydroxide Composites for the Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04453).",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2018_4.txt,allv2,2018_4.txt,"This cover art illustrates the molecular-level H2S scavenging process, assisted by water, using simple aldehydes and glyoxal. Effective H2S removal is crucial to the oil and gas industry due to its environmental hazards, occupational health risks and potential damage to industrial facilities. Cover art created using StockCake.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_15.txt,ave_1,2024_15.txt,"The catalytic HDC is a technically viable and inexpensive process for the treatment of 4-chloro 2-amino phenol bearing contaminated water into a reusable product, 2-amino phenol.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2022_13.txt,multiBv1,2022_13.txt,"This cover art reveals the intricate reaction network uncovered in batch bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) hydrolysis, showcasing a surprisingly complex reaction pathway. Mastering the chemical intricacies of BHET hydrolysis is essential for optimizing the subsequent polycondensation process, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,train
Trends in Immunology,45_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_9.png,D,"Our special issue on “Microglia and Astrocytes” showcases the complex role of these
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the crosstalk between them
– as well as with other CNS and immune cells. The collection aims to improve our understanding
of the immune response in the CNS during homeostasis and disease, examining cases
of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The cover
illustration depicts microglia (left) and astrocyte (right) cells. Images – credit:
selvanegra/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_4.txt,ave_3,41_4.txt,"Our special issue on “Microglia and Astrocytes” showcases the complex role of these
non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and the crosstalk between them
– as well as with other CNS and immune cells. The collection aims to improve our understanding
of the immune response in the CNS during homeostasis and disease, examining cases
of neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. The cover
illustration depicts microglia (left) and astrocyte (right) cells. Images – credit:
selvanegra/iStock/Getty Images Plus. Cover design: Catarina Sacristán.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/41_5.txt,ave_2,41_5.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_10.txt,allv2,45_10.txt,"Our special issue on ‘Neuroimmunology – I’ showcases current research
in this discipline, emphasizing the reciprocal interplay between the brain and our
nervous
systems (central or peripheral). Various cells that act as partners and guardians
of our
nervous and immune systems, e.g., microglia, are highlighted. The articles presented
here unveil key research avenues that may enable a better understanding of neurological
and neuroimmune-related disorders. The cover image reflects the metamorphosis and
tessellation technique developed by Escher; here, a neuron gradually fills in the
gaps
between immune cells, and vice versa. Image credit: Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Immunology/45_9.txt,groundtruth,45_9.txt,train
ACS Applied Energy Materials,2025_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_3.png,C,"Preparation of a conventional battery electrode requires successful integration of the active material, polymeric binder, carbon additive, and metallic current collector. Replacing the last three components with a macroscopic carbon nanotube fiber and a growing uniform layer of active material (e.g. here MoS2) can not only reduce the dead weight of the electrode components, but also provides a notable gain in capacity and toughness.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2021_7.txt,ave_3,2021_7.txt,"The cover depicts a solid ion-exchange and diffusion method developed to achieve a metal–organic framework derived sulfidation strategy for carbon-encapsulated metal sulfides. This architectural design makes these nanohybrid electrodes display outstanding capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life for Li-ion batteries.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2018_2.txt,ave_2,2018_2.txt,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_3.txt,groundtruth,2025_3.txt,"The cover art illustrates a porous carbon electrode integrated with a conductive, interconnected substrate. The heat dissipation within the porous structure represents efficient thermal management and electron transport, essential for high-performance energy-storage systems. The structured carbon layer facilitates ion diffusion and charge storage, emphasizing advancements in electrode design for battery technologies.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Energy Materials/2025_2.txt,allv2,2025_2.txt,train
ACS Chemical Neuroscience,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_8.png,B,"In human induced pluripotent stem cells, chronic, physiological doses of amyloid beta produced significant functional impairment without increased cell death or increased accumulation of tau protein. This finding could provide clues to the mechanisms of early synaptic decline in Alzheimer?s disease.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2018_6.txt,multiBv1,2018_6.txt,"Aberrant aggregation of amyloid-β peptides are considered the primary cause of Alzheimer’s disease. The caffeine-armed molecular tweezer demonstrates significant effectiveness in preventing the self-aggregation of these peptides and disrupting preformed amyloid fibrils through non-covalent interactions, especially π–π stacking with aromatic amino acid residues.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,"Dopamine, an important neurotransmitter, can disrupt Aβ42 protofibril and inhibit Aβ42 aggregation mostly through hydrogen-bonding, aromatic stacking, and cation–π interactions. Image credit: Yujie Chen.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2021_4.txt,allv2,2021_4.txt,"Discovery of the peptide therapeutics targeting amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, using the synergistic combination of yeast display and phage display techniques.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Chemical Neuroscience/2023_6.txt,ave_1,2023_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Endocrinology,20_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.png,B,"The multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p701.
Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_1.txt,ave_2,20_1.txt,"Sarcopenic obesity in older adults, inspired by the Review on p261.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_8.txt,groundtruth,20_8.txt,"Exploring links between obesity and the kidney, inspired by the Review on p321.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_7.txt,multiBv1,20_7.txt,"The challenges of assessing adiposity, inspired by the Perspective on p615.
Cover design: Edward Byrne",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Endocrinology/20_3.txt,allv2,20_3.txt,train
Trends in Cancer,10_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cancer/10_7.png,D,"Host microbiota influence both cancer incidence and therapeutic responsiveness, challenging
the view that tumors depend on intrinsic properties. In this issue, Sholl et al. evaluate the utility of cancer-associated microbiota in patient diagnosis, prognosis,
and treatment by discussing its role in cancer development and its use as a biomarker
and therapeutic. Cover image represents the complexity of the microbial ecosystem.
Cover image designed by Danielle Loughlin and adapted with permission from Gettyimages/KajaNi,
Gettyimages/DivVector, Gettyimages/MariyaII.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_12.txt,multiBv1,8_12.txt,"As Mina Bissell rightly conveyed “context matters”, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is key to understand the development, growth,
and evolution of cancer. However, there is no consensus on a clear definition and
spatial delineation of the TME. On pages 802–809 in this issue, Laplane et al. deconstruct distinct layers within the TME, and discuss the value of exploiting this
multifaceted view of cancer for therapy. Cover design by Imdat As.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/4_1.txt,sbert,4_1.txt,"The symbiotic interactions between cancer cells and immune cells are critical for
tumor progression and immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). In this issue,
Pang et al. discuss the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of tumor-immune symbiosis
in GBM. Within the tumor microenvironment (crystal ball), cancer cells (tree branches)
secrete different factors (flowers) to attract myeloid cells (butterfly, bee, worm,
ladybug) from the brain or peripheral immune system (gems with paths), and activate
them to induce tumor progression and immunosuppression. Targeting (blue darts) the
tumor-immune symbiosis inhibits tumor progression (grey leaves), and activates T cell-mediated
anti-tumor immunity (bird) to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy (red dart).
Cover image designed by Lizhi Pang and Peiwen Chen.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/8_3.txt,allv2,8_3.txt,"An immune rich microenvironment correlates with improved outcomes
for patients with breast cancer and response to chemotherapies, forming the rationale
for T cell-based immunotherapies in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer.
In this issue, Rayson et al. review the composition of the immune infiltrates in breast
cancer and discuss its pertinent role in identifying biomarkers for immune checkpoint
blockade and for effective combination therapy strategies. The cover represents a
tumor microenvironment (garden) filled with a variety of immune cell types (flower
variety) that contribute to the tumor’s growth or suppression. Image courtesy of
gettyimages/Pobytov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cancer/10_7.txt,groundtruth,10_7.txt,train
Nature Cancer,5_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cancer/5_3.png,C,"Defining the phenogenomic landscape of breast cancer
Bodenmiller and colleagues pair imaging mass cytometry with multiplatform genomics to define single-cell phenotypic and genomic features of breast cancer with spatial context, finding associations with breast cancer subtypes and prognosis.
See Ali et al. and Angelo
Image: H R Ali, CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/1_11.txt,multiBv1,1_11.txt,"The proteogenomics landscape of non-small cell lung cancer
Proteogenomic analysis of patient-derived samples provides insights into the biology and molecular classification of non-small cell lung cancer and identifies potential cancer-cell intrinsic and immune vulnerabilities.
See Lehtiö et al.
Image: Olena Berkovska, Karolinska Institutet. Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_2.txt,ave_3,2_2.txt,"Mapping the microenvironment architecture of hepatocellular carcinoma
Spatial single-cell profiling of clinical hepatocellular carcinoma samples maps microenvironment architecture and heterogeneity, identifying functionally important immune cell populations.
See Qiu et al.
Image: Lei Chen, National Center for Liver Cancer and Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Cover design: Allen Beattie",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/5_3.txt,groundtruth,5_3.txt,"Profiling immune responses to combination neoadjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
High-dimensional profiling of tumor biopsies identifies features of the immune microenvironment associated with response to neoadjuvant treatment with a combination of the targeted kinase inhibitor cabozantinib and the immune-checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab, in a phase 1b clinical trial for hepatocellular carcinoma.
See Ho et al.
Image: Soren Charmsaz, Nicole Gross, and Won Jin Ho (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA). Cover Design: Allen Beattie.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cancer/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,train
Nature Geoscience,17_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Geoscience/17_5.png,D,"New particle formation in Antarctica
New particle formation is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei, important in the rapidly changing Antarctic climate. The image shows an aerial view of the Research Vessel Hesperides sampling ship-borne data on nucleation of biogenic particles from sulfuric acid and amines along the west coast of Graham Land, West Antarctica.
See Brean et al.
Image: Dr Manuel Dall´Osto, Institute of Marine Science - Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/14_7.txt,allv2,14_7.txt,"The late Palaeozoic was marked by a series of glacial–interglacial cycles. Geochemical and fossil data suggest a role for terrestrial vegetation–carbon cycle feedbacks in the climate response to orbital forcing. The image shows a modern tree fern, Cyathea australis, which was grown in simulated Carboniferous glacial atmospheres of 400 ppm CO2 and 24% O2. The image was produced as a silver-print, photogenic drawing re-enacting old 18th century photographic processes.
Letter p824; News & Views p803
IMAGE: © SIOBHAN MCDONALD;
REPHOTOGRAPHED DIGITALLY BY VINCENT HOBAN
COVER DESIGN: TULSI VORALIA",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/9_2.txt,ave_2,9_2.txt,"Many terrestrial surfaces are covered by photoautotrophic communities, which are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using sunlight. According to an analysis of previously published data, these communities account for nearly half of the biological nitrogen fixation on land. The image shows such a community, consisting of common orange lichen (Xanthoria parietina) and other species that colonize twigs on a tree near Thann in the Vosges mountains (Alsace, France).
Letter p459; News &#38; Views p443
IMAGE CREDIT: WOLFGANG ELBERT, MPI FOR CHEMISTRY
COVER DESIGN: DAVID SHAND",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/5_6.txt,multiBv1,5_6.txt,"Mapping Antarctica’s vegetation
Satellite-based mapping of vegetation shows that photosynthetic life occupies a total area of 44.2 km2 across Antarctica. This drone image reveals a striking landscape mosaic of mosses, lichens, and cyanobacteria covering ice-free areas of Robert Island, Antarctica — one of the most densely vegetated regions identified in the continent-wide mapping effort.
See Walshaw et al.
Image: Andrew Gray, Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Cover design: Alex Wing",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Geoscience/17_5.txt,groundtruth,17_5.txt,val
ACS ES&T Air,2024_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.png,A,"Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) in personal care products vaporizes and undergoes oxidation in the atmosphere in the presence of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in the formation of oxidized compounds that contribute to aerosol formation. Such oxidation products were identified in fine particulate matter collected from the urban atmosphere of New York City. The background of this image was created by DALL·E3.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_8.txt,groundtruth,2024_8.txt,An inverse modeling approach is developed to refine emission inventories and enhance air quality prediction by a combined use of PM2.5 data measured by a high-grade accurate instrument in the US embassy with low-cost PurpleAir sensor data from citizens for such developing countries as in Ethiopia where a national air quality observation network does not exist. Image generated by DALL·E 3 (OpenAI) and modified using Clip Studio.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_9.txt,multiBv1,2024_9.txt,"This study illustrates the molecular composition of organic aerosols collected in the Houston, Texas region using direct sampling interfaced with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This study highlights the episodic prevalence and day/nighttime distribution of organosulfates and organonitrates enriched species.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_3.txt,allv2,2024_3.txt,"With positive matrix factorization techniques, sea spray aerosol can be distinguished from secondary marine aerosol. The cover photo, courtesy of Chaosheng Zhang, shows breaking waves over the west coast of Ireland.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS ES&T Air/2024_6.txt,ave_3,2024_6.txt,train
Nature Reviews Earth & Environment,5_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_12.png,C,"Human actions are drastically modifying the planet (pictured here). Earth scientists from diverse yet complementary disciplines must come together to address the environmental issues of our time. See the Editorial.
Images: Getty Images/imagina, Getty Images/Paul Souders, Getty Images/Charlie Rogers, Getty Images/@Didier Marti, Getty Images/boonchai wedmakawand, Getty Images/Stephen Saks, Getty Images/Westend61, Getty Images/Spencer Grant, Getty Images/Andrea Savoca/EyeEm, Getty Images/DKAR Images, Getty Images/Jennifer Sharp. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_12.txt,sbert,1_12.txt,"Though lessons learned from Earth are frequently applied to other planets, there is much to learn about our own planet from the Solar System and beyond. This Perspective highlights examples from geological and atmospheric sciences in which other planetary bodies have acted as analogues, experiments, and archives for the Earth sciences. See Lapôtre et al.
Image: Getty Images/Grant Faint. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/1_10.txt,allv2,1_10.txt,"Sonification uses non-speech audio to convey complex data patterns in both space and time, overcoming visual and language barriers to science communication. This Commentoutlines how data sonification is primed to aid interpretations of multi-dimensional Earth and environmental data streams.
Image credit: Tom Gernon. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/5_12.txt,groundtruth,5_12.txt,"Anthropogenic warming is causing cryosphere degradation, which is increasing erosion and sediment transport. This Review describes changes in sediment fluxes and explains how peak sediment will be reached as a result of deglaciation and permafrost thaw.
Image credit: Ting Zhang. Cover design: Carl Conway.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Reviews Earth & Environment/3_1.txt,multiBv1,3_1.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_95,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_95.png,B,ONLINE COVER Platelets Step Up Cancer Targets. Shown is an artistic representation of the cellular environment with two T cells (blue) attacking a tumor (pink) in the presence of platelets (gold). Rachidi et al. report that platelets constrain T cell immunity through a GARP-TGFβ axis and suggest a combination of immunotherapy and platelet inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. [CREDIT: EMMA VOUGHT/MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA],MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_11.txt,multiBv1,2_11.txt,"ONLINE COVER NK Cells Enforce a T Cell Checkpoint. Natural killer (NK) cells can eliminate infected or malignant cells, but how and when NK cell cytolytic activity is directed against host immune cells is not fully understood. Kilian et al. found that the expression of the NKp30 ligand B7H6 by activated human T cells promoted their cytolysis by NKp30+ NK cells. NK cells restricted the antitumor activity of B7H6+ chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and were associated with poor immunotherapy responses in patients with esophageal cancer. This month’s cover depicts an NK cell (light blue) decorated with NKp30 (blue surface receptor) killing an antitumoral T cell (yellow) that expresses B7H6 (orange surface ligand). Other T cells lacking B7H6 are spared and can continue targeting cancer cells with their own cytotoxic granules. Credit: N. Burgess/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_95.txt,groundtruth,9_95.txt,"ONLINE COVER Promoting Tolerance. Depicted here is a type 1 regulatory T (TR1) cell (left) interacting with a dendritic cell (top right, dark purple) and an interleukin-27 (IL-27)–secreting macrophage (bottom right, light purple). Zhang et al. report that IL-27–driven commitment of T cells to the TR1 cell lineage limits graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. [CREDIT: MADELEINE FLYNN, GRAPHIC SUPPORT OFFICER, QIMR BERGHOFER MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND GARVIN GRULLÓN, AAAS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/2_10.txt,sbert,2_10.txt,"ONLINE COVER Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction Compromises Placental Development. This month's cover is an artist's depiction of a 7-month-old human fetus in the amniotic sac, with the umbilical cord connecting the fetus to the placenta. Sliz et al. discovered that loss-of-function mutations in the mouse Gab3 adaptor protein cause impaired function of natural killer (NK) cells. One manifestation of this NK cell immunodeficiency is increased incidence of late-stage pregnancy complications due to placental abnormalities in Gab3-deficient mothers. [CREDIT: ISTOCK.COM/HENRIK5000]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/4_38.txt,allv2,4_38.txt,train
Precision Chemistry,2024_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.png,A,Cover illustrates nanometer-thick collector films of lithium batteries relying on a closely packed crossed-lamellar structure for excellent damage resistance.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_1.txt,groundtruth,2024_1.txt,"This cover art for the Special Issue “Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials”  was designed by Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles and coworkers. It illustrates CuxBi2Se3 nanoplates with systematically tunable Cu doping concentrations, doping sites, and electronic properties as a potential material for future electronics.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_5.txt,allv2,2024_5.txt,"With a copper electrode background, the cover describes the process of carbon deposition leading to electrode poisoning in the carbon dioxide reduction reaction process. The carbon accumulation on the electrode surface is irregularly distributed, and the hydrogen evolution reaction is intensified.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_9.txt,sbert,2024_9.txt,"The cover for the Special Issues ""Precision Chemistry for Two-Dimensional Materials (Part I)"" illustrates the precise growth of non-centrosymmetric two-dimensional single crystals. Humanoid models represent atoms A and B in the lattice, which are guided by the parallel steps. Cover art concept by Guoliang Cui and Xiaozhi Xu.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Precision Chemistry/2024_6.txt,multiBv1,2024_6.txt,test
CHEMICAL REVIEWS,2025_4,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_4.png,A,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_4.txt,groundtruth,2025_4.txt,"New materials enabled by chemistry can both improve the performance and extend the range of possible applications for electronic materials.  The cover depicts an artist's rendition of an example of organic semiconductor-enabled flexible bioelectronics, which transduce ionic bioelectronic signals for interfacing with traditional semiconductor circuits.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2016_4.txt,ave_3,2016_4.txt,"The creation of electrical circuits by using single molecules is currently a research focus because it not only meets the increasing technical demands of the miniaturization of traditional Si-based electronic devices, but also provides an ideal window of exploring the intrinsic properties of materials at the molecular level.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2016_18.txt,ave_2,2016_18.txt,"Electronic nanochips offer electric fields that are able to precisely modulate molecular activities from molecular movements and physical properties to chemical reactions and optoelectronic functions. The utilization of electric fields to manipulate molecular behaviors on the nanoscale is a new research field that can inspire curiosity and lead to innovative discoveries of new quantum effects and new chemistry, improving our understanding of the molecular world.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/CHEMICAL REVIEWS/2025_3.txt,allv2,2025_3.txt,train
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY,25_6,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_6.png,A,"Immune signatures of pain
Single-cell transcriptomics is used to determine the gene signature of infiltrating immune cells and potential cell–cell interactions between receptors, ligands, ion channels and metabolites expressed on immune cells and sensory neurons in three models of inflammatory pain.
See Jain et al.
Image: Sara Hakim, Boston Children’s Hospital. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_6.txt,groundtruth,25_6.txt,"Sentinel macrophage–nociceptor crosstalk
Why joints are highly responsive to systemic inflammation is unknown. Hasegawa et al. sought to address this question, developing a whole-mount imaging system of the entire synovium to profile the vascular, neuronal and immune components.
See Hasegawa et al.
Image credit: Tetsuo Hasegawa, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_1.txt,allv2,25_1.txt,"Innate and adaptive features of γδ TCRs
Hayday and colleagues demonstrate that the T cell receptors of a major subset of human colonic intraepithelial γδ T cells mediate specific responses to Butyrophilin-like proteins expressed by human gut epithelial cells. This interaction is conserved in mice, and illustrates the capacity of γδ T cells to make innate and adaptive responses via the single T cell receptor.
Manuscript type (Hayday research article) and DOI 10.1038/s41590-018-0253-5
Image: Bradley Spencer-Dene. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/19_1.txt,sbert,19_1.txt,"Targeting immune evasion in ovarian cancer
Jerby and colleagues present a spatial transcriptomics analysis of ovarian cancer. The image depicts the tumor microenvironment; T cells are in red, tumor cells are in gray, and each dot depicts a single RNA molecule.
See Yeh et al.
Image: Christine Yeh, Stanford University. Cover design: Emily Paul",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/25_3.txt,multiBv1,25_3.txt,test
Science Robotics,9_87,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Robotics/9_87.png,D,"ONLINE COVER  Untethered Soft Robots Walk This Way. Pneumatic soft robots typically require bulky electromechanical components, such as pumps and valves, to achieve legged locomotion. To simplify the design of untethered quadruped robots,  Drotman et al. use fluidic circuits, rather than electronic circuits, to achieve programmable locomotion in their robot. Specifically, a bioinspired gait pattern is achieved using a soft ring oscillator that produces rhythmic motions analogous to biological central pattern generator neural circuits found in nature. This month's cover is a photograph of a Drotman et al. legged soft robot (see also the Focus by  Rajappan et al.) [CREDIT: DROTMAN ET ALMAC_Bench/Science ROBOTICS]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/6_51.txt,sbert,6_51.txt,"ONLINE COVER Ferrobots Get to Work. Automated guided vehicles (AGV) autonomously distribute cargo in settings such as factories and hospitals. Standard AGV systems consists of three elements: cargo, robotic carriers, and a navigation floor. Inspired by AGVs, Yu et al. have developed a microfluidic system where aqueous droplets containing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (cargo) are moved using miniature mobile magnets, or ""ferrobots"" (robotic carriers), along a 2D electromagnetic coiled surface (navigation floor). This month's cover is an illustration depicting collaborative ferrobots shuttling micro/nano-ferrofluids around a microfluidic chamber and dispensing droplets. [CREDIT: WENZHUO YU and HAISONG LIN/UCLA]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/5_39.txt,allv2,5_39.txt,"ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Assistive and Rehabilitative Robots—a Neuromusculoskeletal Prosthesis for Daily Use by a Transradial Amputee. Ortiz-Catalan et al. report on the clinical implementation of a prosthesis integrated into the radius and ulna bones. The prosthesis device relied on implanted electrodes that provided bidirectional neural communication between the residual limb and the bionic hand, enabling improvements to the quality of life of the amputee in terms of comfort, reduced phantom limb pain, and object manipulation. This month’s cover is an image of the amputee using the prosthesis device to hold a coffee mug. Credit: Anna-Lena Lundqvist",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/8_83.txt,multiBv1,8_83.txt,ONLINE COVER Special Issue on Magnetic Robots for Medical Applications. Accessing the brain promptly to treat conditions such as acute ischemic stroke is a challenge for clinicians. Dreyfus et al. developed a dexterous continuum robot driven by magnetic fields for endovascular navigation. The continuum robot was developed with a helical outer surface to enable forward motion and an articulated magnetic tip to facilitate steerability in tortuous blood vessels. They demonstrated the potential to reach targets in facial and maxillary arteries in vivo. This month’s cover is an image of the dexterous continuum robot navigating within a phantom vasculature model.  Credit: Marco Rosasco Photography,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Robotics/9_87.txt,groundtruth,9_87.txt,train
ACS Sensors,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sensors/2024_5.png,B,The modification of a gold coated glass prism by a semiselective array of different carbon nanomaterials allows the classification of small molecules such as purine bases with surface plasmon resonance imaging by means of deep learning data analysis.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2023_4.txt,ave_3,2023_4.txt,"Plasmonic hydrogen sensors are enhanced by using algorithms of phase space reconstruction and convolutional neural networks, achieving high accuracies, and significantly improving response speed, sensitivity, and the limit of detection. This work introduces safe, nonelectronic remote sensing, achieving 0.98 accuracy, with implications for advancing spectrum-based sensors.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,"Controlling resonance among plasmons, photons, and electrons points towards a new paradigm for ultrasensitive and efficient biodetection. Here, Raman signals of molecules in suspension are significantly magnified by plasmonic nanosensors  electrically assembled on photonic crystal slabs (PCS)  owing to a dual enhancement mechanism: the induced electric field actively enriches molecules to hot spots of the nanosensors  by electrokinetic manipulation, and the plasmonic–photonic interaction on PCS intensifies the local electromagnetic field enormously for Raman detection. Image created by Eric Zumalt.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2017_10.txt,ave_2,2017_10.txt,"Palladium-based plasmonic nanostructures are highly promising for the realization of all-optical hydrogen sensors. With the ""perfect absorber"" layout, in which nanodisks are coupled to an optical cavity resonator, the optical response and thus the sensitivity can be maximized. We perform an extensive, systematic study of the design parameters, using numerical calculations and microspectroscopic measurements on fabricated sensors. This enables us to formulate a set of design principles, which are valid for other types of plasmonic sensors as well. Artwork by Florian Sterl.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Sensors/2020_9.txt,allv2,2020_9.txt,val
Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism,35_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.png,B,"Execution of ferroptotic cell death is induced by lipid peroxidation of biological
membranes. Whereas several molecular players (e.g., GPX4, FSP1 and DHFR) have been
identified that safeguard the integrity of lipid bilayers, the lipid composition of
cellular membranes itself is an important determinant of the membrane resistance to
lipid peroxidation. On page 463–473, Aldrovandi, Fedorova, and Conrad reviewed how
lipid metabolism can fine tune the susceptibility of cells toward ferroptotic cell
death by modulating the level of polyunsaturated lipids and antioxidants availability.
The image depicts the Great Wall of China represented as a membrane bilayer which
is under the constant attack by reactive oxygen species and iron, surveilled by the
defense towers of ferroptosis suppressing enzymes. Cover image designed by Dr. Jiashuo
Zheng.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/32_6.txt,allv2,32_6.txt,"Since Warburg's time, it has been recognized that iron is essential for
metabolism. But how do cells utilize this versatile biometal? In this issue, Teh et al.
offer an exploration of iron's diverse roles, spanning cellular biochemistry to clinical
pathology. The cover illustrates the authors' goal to provide contemporary insights—
symbolized by a laptop on a lectern showcasing iron trafficking—into enduring
questions, represented by a gothic library adorned with iron-themed stained glass
and
ancient books. Cover credit: Sonhita Chakraborty (www.artbysonhita.com/)",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_1.txt,groundtruth,35_1.txt,"Understanding how adipose tissue responds to whole body energy
demands and how it responds to metabolites will likely continue to inform us on our
understanding of the role of adipose tissues in treating the obesity epidemic. On
Pages
320–332, Hartig and colleagues discuss emerging roles for short-chain fatty acids
and
TCA metabolites that connect lipogenesis to WAT energy balance as well as functions
of the endocrine systems. Cover image from GettyImages.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/32_8.txt,sbert,32_8.txt,"A tug-of-war between bacteria and immune cells for certain metabolites
gives the winning side the chance to survive. In recent years, it has become apparent
that metabolism is crucial for immune cell function; it is now also clear that pathogens
have adapted to utilise cellular metabolism for their own survival. This month, Almeida
et al. (pp. 235—248) detail how macrophage metabolism can accumulate intermediate
metabolites to interfere with bacterial metabolism. In retaliation, certain bacteria
have
adapted macrophage metabolism to confer fitness advantages. The cover represents
this constant battle between macrophages (in blue) and bacteria (in purple) over
metabolites for survival. Cover credit: concept design from Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
and Luís Almeida; illustration/colourisation from Ying Pung.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism/35_10.txt,multiBv1,35_10.txt,train
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY,24_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.png,B,"Flu vaccines, inspired by the Review on p736.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_3.txt,sbert,24_3.txt,"Geographical variation in vaccine responses, inspired by the Review on p250.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/24_9.txt,groundtruth,24_9.txt,"Vaccination for all, inspired by the Perspective on p815.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/21_1.txt,allv2,21_1.txt,"‘The Race for a COVID-19 Vaccine’, inspired by the Review on p615.
Cover design: Simon Bradbrook.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY/20_3.txt,ave_3,20_3.txt,train
Nature Chemistry,16_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Chemistry/16_2.png,A,"Climbing the ladder to stable molecular conductance
Advances in single-molecule electronics are crucial for device miniaturization, but achieving stable and controllable conductance in molecular junctions is challenging owing to the dynamic nature of molecular conformations, which fluctuate over operational timescales. Now, Charles Schroeder, Jeffrey Moore, Rajeev Assary, and colleagues have developed a strategy using shape-persistent ladder molecules that maintain nearly junction displacement-independent conductance. The cover illustrates a molecular junction connected by a ladder molecule with a shape-persistent backbone and restricted rotation of terminal anchor groups.
See Liu et al.
Image: Alex Jerez, Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/16_2.txt,groundtruth,16_2.txt,"Understanding the transport of charge across non-covalently bonded molecules is key to our understanding of many diverse systems, from oxidative damage and repair of DNA to the efficiency of organic electronic materials. Single-molecule break junctions are an important stage on which to test and develop this understanding and they have now been used by Ferdinand C. Grozema, Herre S. J. van der Zant and colleagues to show that electronic transport through a π-stacked dimer can be precisely controlled by mechanically manipulating its conformation and thus turning destructive interference effects ON or OFF. The cover shows the electrodes of a break junction connected by a π-stacked dimer, the molecular orbitals of which are also shown.Article p1099IMAGE: NICOLAS RENAUD, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_1.txt,allv2,8_1.txt,"Code of conduction
Selecting one supramolecular structure from many different possible assemblies that are formed through competing pathways is a challenging problem. Now, a team led by Rein Ulijn has shown how amino acids and an enzyme can be used in situ to covalently modify peptide-based building blocks – that have an organic semiconductor core – to control their self-assembly pathways. This approach was used for the transient formation of conducting nanostructures whereby electronic wires could be formed and then subsequently degraded. This process is depicted schematically on the cover where an amphiphilic bilayer core gives rise to the formation of a helical structure.
See Ulijn et al.
Image: Ella Maru Studio, Inc. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/10_6.txt,sbert,10_6.txt,"The regular repeating structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) makes these materials attractive for optoelectronic applications—in particular those made of two-dimensional covalent layers held together by π-stacking—but the necessary high crystallinity has remained difficult to engineer. Now, Florian Auras, Thomas Bein and co-workers have devised a building block (represented in yellow on the cover) with a shape that ensures successive units lock in position and promote long-range order by minimizing stacking faults and dislocations that otherwise typically occur in COF assembly (as demonstrated in green).Article p310IMAGE: CHRISTOPH HOHMANN, NANOSYSTEMS INITIATIVE MUNICHCOVER DESIGN: KAREN MOORE",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Chemistry/8_9.txt,ave_3,8_9.txt,train
NATURE GENETICS,57_1,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/57_1.png,D,"HLA alleles restrict TCR hypervariable regions
HLA alleles influence the amino acid compositions of T cell receptors (TCRs). The DNA ‘yarn’ has different HLA alleles, represented by different colors, which create the TCR ‘knit’. The red HLA allele is the risk allele that increases pathogenic TCRs, damaging the surrounding knit. Ishigaki et al. developed a statistical approach to map and quantify the HLA genetic control over TCRs.
See Ishigaki et al.
Image: Mao Miyamoto, Photo 49151268 ©Jenifoto406. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/54_9.txt,ave_3,54_9.txt,"Dichotomy of chromatin in color
As reported by Gagliardi et al., human papillomavirus (HPV) is found integrated within the genome in most cervical tumors, and often is associated with marked epigenetic and transcriptional activation of the surrounding chromatin. The circular arrangement shows the profile of histone modifications observed with ChIP–seq across the HPV-integration events in the cluster with the highest increase in enrichment, as shown in Fig. 5f. It is composed of data sampled from two randomly paired individuals, with tracks facing inward and outward for each individual. Individuals are paired randomly, and track colors correspond to five histone marks with epigenetic enrichment.
See Gagliardi et al.
Image: Vanessa Porter and Martin Krzywinski. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/52_5.txt,ave_2,52_5.txt,"An Asian Immune Diversity Atlas
Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from peripheral blood of 474 individuals of diverse Asian ancestries links cell-type-specific splicing variation with autoimmune and inflammatory disease risk.
See Tian et al.
Image: Lucie Kim, National University of Singapore. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/56_1.txt,allv2,56_1.txt,"Blood DNA virome in COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases
Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases associates endogenous HHV-6 and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk.
See Sasa et al.
Image: Itsuki Kitayama, STUDIO BIUM. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE GENETICS/57_1.txt,groundtruth,57_1.txt,train
Cell Reports,43_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Reports/43_12.png,C,"On the cover: The ciliary margin zone (CMZ) of the mammalian retina generates retinal
ganglion cells (RGCs) during embryogenesis. In this issue, Marcucci et al. show that
cells migrate laterally from the CMZ (red) to the neural retina, where differentiated
RGCs (pink) reside. Genetic perturbations of the CMZ, e.g., ablation of the cell cycle
regulator Cyclin D2, reduce the output of RGCs from this niche. RGC axons are shown
in green, and lens cells are shown in yellow.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/17_1.txt,allv2,17_1.txt,"On the cover: Tworak et al. show the molecular and physiological aspects of the RGR-mediated
photic visual cycle in the eye. The cover image illustrates the neuronal retina comprised
of distinct cell types, analogous to a forest composed of different plants. The variety
of tree colors reflects the heterogeneity among Müller glia, a specialized subset
of which are directly implicated in supporting light-dependent visual chromophore
regeneration. Concept and artwork by Erina He (NIH Medical Arts), with input from
Alan Hoofring (NIH Medical Arts), Laura Campello, Anand Swaroop, Aleksander Tworak,
and all manuscript coauthors.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/42_5.txt,sbert,42_5.txt,"On the cover: Spring represents a critical period of growth analogous to the critical
period for ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. The image depicts mice using vision to
hunt crickets under a fused tree crown representing the superior colliculus (SC).
In this issue, Hu and Chen et al. find that the critical period for OD plasticity in the mouse SC is independent of
the primary visual cortex and requires NMDA receptors. Concept and artwork: Xuefeng
Shi and Yanbing Shi.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/43_12.txt,groundtruth,43_12.txt,"On the cover: The cover image depicts microglia during Ascl1-induced retinal regeneration
in the adult mouse. Microglia are pseudocolored to represent the heterogeneity of
states revealed with scRNA-seq in the paper by Todd et al. Ablation of these microglia
improves neurogenesis during Muller glia-mediated regeneration. Image by Levi Todd.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Cell Reports/33_3.txt,multiBv1,33_3.txt,train
Nature Metabolism,6_7,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Metabolism/6_7.png,C,"Bone-to-brain crosstalk
Bone-derived sclerostin accelerates the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by deregulating the Wnt–β-catenin signalling pathway in the brain. The image is a staining of the enzyme β-secretase (essential for AD pathogenesis) in a hippocampus section from a mouse model of AD.
See Shi et al.
Image: Baosheng Guo, Nanjing University. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_10.txt,sbert,6_10.txt,"Protective progenitors
Zhang et al. identify functionally distinct adipose progenitor subpopulations in mouse perigonadal adipose tissue, and go on to show that altering the adipogenic capacity of such progenitors has beneficial effects on metabolic health in adulthood. The cover image depicts a haematoxylin and eosin stain of a transverse section of the mouse gonadal region three days after birth.
See Zhang et al.
Image: Qianbin Zhang, UT Southwestern Medical Center. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/4_5.txt,ave_2,4_5.txt,"Time to exercise
Exposing mice to physical activity during their early active phase favours bone growth. The image depicts a rodent on a running wheel, which also alludes to the importance of the timing of exercise in achieving metabolic improvements.
See Yu, Tang et al.
Image: Will & Deni McIntyre/Getty Images. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/6_7.txt,groundtruth,6_7.txt,"Focus on exercise metabolism and health
Our September issue includes a Focus on exercise metabolism and health, consisting of Reviews, Comments and research Articles revisiting foundational topics and highlighting new paradigms in exercise and muscle metabolism, as well as their broader implications for organismal health.
Visit our web collection
Image: mustafahacalaki. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Metabolism/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,test
ACS Applied Optical Materials,2024_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_5.png,D,Artistic view of the polarization dependence of the nonlinear photoluminescence emitted by a thin ITO layer patterned by a Ga-focused ion beam.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2023_12.txt,allv2,2023_12.txt,"In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_6.txt,sbert,2024_6.txt,A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_12.txt,multiBv1,2024_12.txt,"The authors develop a nonlinear optical imaging technique, which can rapidly visualize hidden interfacial defects in on-chip integrated microdevices. This technique provides a noninvasive means to boost the yield rate of on-chip integrations when being deployed in the production line for in-situ monitoring.",MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2024_5.txt,groundtruth,2024_5.txt,test
Trends in Plant Science,29_9,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.png,B,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_8.txt,allv2,29_8.txt,"This special issue covers a range of topics on the greatest power plants
have to offer, their specialised metabolism. Plants produce a vast number of structurally
diverse class of metabolites (estimates range from 200 000 to 1 000 000) not for the
benefit of vegetative growth or reproductions but to contribute to vital biological
roles
such as signalling or protection. To date many of these roles as well as the underlying
mechanisms remain unexplored and here we shine the spotlight on new advances, such
as the role of phytosterols. Precise communication between the plant and the diverse
microorganisms (from pathogen to mutualist) is essential to induce the corresponding
adaptive response. Christophe Der and colleagues discuss the complicated interaction
between these partners, and the possible involvement of phytosterols. The cover image
represents a plant cell and two microorganisms (a bad and a good guy) playing the
“happy families sterol card game” to define their interactions. Image credit: Christophe
Der and Jerôme Fromentin, UMR Agroecology.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/29_9.txt,groundtruth,29_9.txt,"Individual plant and enemy species (or populations) are reciprocally interacting in
a way that shapes their traits and evolution. This concept of specificity in plant–herbivore
and plant–pathogen interactions is central to this special issue of Trends in Plant
Science. Why is it that most herbivores and pathogens attack a minute fraction of
the plants or even plant organs available to them? How do plants manage to defend
against diverse enemies? Why are plant enemies specialized at all, given that specialization
seems to simply limit the number of available hosts? Are most current plant–enemy
interactions the result of a coevolutionary history, and can these be manipulated
to protect our agricultural crops from pest insects and disease and our ecosystems
from invasive species? In this issue we combine perspectives of the plant with that
of its enemies, in order to address these questions and focus on the traits that allow
for successful plant defense versus successful exploitation of plant tissues. Cover
design by Alejandro de León.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/17_9.txt,ave_3,17_9.txt,"Plants have sophisticated defense systems to protect their tissues against the attack
of herbivorous organisms. Many of these defenses are orchestrated by the oxylipin
jasmonate. A growing body of evidence indicates that the expression of jasmonate-induced
responses is tightly regulated by the ecological context of the plant. Ecological
information is provided by molecular signals that indicate the nature of the attacker,
the value of the attacked organs, phytochrome status and hence proximity of competing
plants, the association with beneficial organisms, and the history of plant interactions
with pathogens and herbivores. On pages 249–257 Carlos L. Ballaré discusses recent
advances in this field and highlights the need to map the activities of informational
modulators to specific control points within our emerging model of jasmonate signaling.
Cover images (flower of Salvia farinacea and Chrysolina beetles) provided by Carlos
L. Ballaré. Cover design by Susanne C. Brink.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Plant Science/16_8.txt,ave_2,16_8.txt,val
Trends in Biotechnology,42_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Biotechnology/42_11.png,A,"The image shows three planets in space, one of which is surrounded
by a representation of synthetic DNA to allude to the unifying way to share information
between asynchronous societies. In pages 156−167 of this issue, Gervasio and
colleagues discuss how DNA could be a universal solution to storing data—as long as
DNA is ubiquitous to known life. Cover image from Aaron Aznar.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/42_11.txt,groundtruth,42_11.txt,"DNA microscopy is a new imaging modality that captures cellular and molecular positions
via DNA sequencing. In pages 154–162 of this issue, Boulgakov and colleagues discuss
how it may offer key insights in a variety of fields, such as the spatial layout of
neurons and synapses in the brain connectome sought by neuroscience. The right half
of the image is a brain MRI cross-section of colleague Jagannath Swaminathan. The
left half of the image is a graph layout of points Poisson-deposited onto a thresholded
mask of the MRI image, whose positions are then recovered via an algorithm studied
in DNA microscopy. Heatmap colors represent distortions in recovered positions. Image
from Alexander Boulgakov.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/38_13.txt,sbert,38_13.txt,"LEGO® bricks are toys for kids that can be used to assemble mindblowing
creations. In pages 1073–1087 of this issue, Boulter et al. discuss an alternative
use of LEGO® bricks to design and assemble open-access scientific tools and systems
for biotechnology and other fields of science. The LEGO® brick road depicted on the
cover, as inspired by the yellow brick road from the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, is a
metaphor for a sinuous road that leads towards a reachable, yet distant, world of
open
science. The road is sprinkled with LEGO® creations that symbolize life science and
concepts addressed in the article. Cover image designed by Julien Colombelli. LEGO®
is a trademark of The LEGO Group, which did not sponsor, authorize or endorse this
artwork.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/40_5.txt,allv2,40_5.txt,"A cosmic scenery gives an artistic impression of the stellar potential of
oxygen generation for the world of biomedical applications. In pages 1144–1159 of
this issue,
Willemen and colleagues discuss how oxygen-generating microparticles could deliver
a
constant stream of oxygen molecules to a living eukaryotic cell to steer its function
and
fate. Cover image from Donguk Kim of Scapiens.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Biotechnology/39_2.txt,multiBv1,39_2.txt,train
Science Immunology,9_92,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Immunology/9_92.png,D,ONLINE COVER Boosting Locally Buffs Up Vaccine-Induced Immunity. This month’s cover shows an immunofluorescence image of a germinal center in a mouse lymph node 5 weeks after a priming immunization with influenza hemagglutinin. Primed B cells fate-mapped for AID expression (green) are present in the central area of a follicle of IgD-expressing B cells (red) near CD21/35-expressing follicular dendritic cells (blue). Kuraoka et al. observed more fate-mapped memory B cells in lymph node germinal centers when booster immunizations were given at the same tissue site as the original immunization rather than on the opposite side. Credit: Masayuki Kuraoka and Ryutaro Kotaki/Duke University,MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/7_71.txt,sbert,7_71.txt,"ONLINE COVER  Boosting Viral Vector Vaccines. Adenoviruses (shown) can be used as viral vectors to deliver vaccines, but the immune response to these vectors may be partially exhausted. Larocca et al. now report the mechanism behind this exhaustion. [CREDIT: JAMES CAVALLINI/SCIENCE SOURCE]",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/1_5.txt,allv2,1_5.txt,"ONLINE COVER Disrupted Defense. This month's cover features a transmission electron microscopy image of an ileal crypt in a 12-week-old mouse deficient in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Two largely intact Paneth cells with electron-dense secretory granules and layered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are located at the crypt base (lower right). Above these cells are other Paneth cells with substantial ultrastructural alterations including loss of layered ER, accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles, and degenerating mitochondria. Work from Strigli et al. and Wahilda et al. investigates how XIAP mutations contribute to a Mendelian form of Crohn's disease. A Focus commentary by Azabdaftari and Uhlig discusses the linkages between XIAP deficiency, Paneth cell dysfunction, and the intestinal microbiome.  Credit: Anne Strigli et alMAC_Bench/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/6_65.txt,multiBv1,6_65.txt,"ONLINE COVER Treating a Primary Immunodeficiency with CRISPR. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a range of inherited, sometimes fatal, inflammatory diseases caused by loss-of-function mutations in the cytotoxic machinery of immune cells. Li et al. developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based CRISPR–Cas9 system combined with nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibition to repair memory T cells from perforin (Prf1)-deficient mice as well as from pediatric patients with FHL2 (PRF1 deficiency) or FHL3 (Munc13-4/UNC13D deficiency). Repaired mouse T cells could then prevent or cure FHL2-like disease in Prf1-knockout mice triggered by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–driven B cell hyperproliferation. This month’s cover illustration depicts CRISPR–Cas9–mediated repair of a cytotoxic T cell (red), which allows it to secrete normal cytotoxic granules (pink) and effectively kill virally infected B cells (blue). Credit: A. Fisher/Science Immunology",MAC_Bench/Science/Story/Science Immunology/9_92.txt,groundtruth,9_92.txt,train
Nature Water,2_2,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Water/2_2.png,D,"A socioeconomic view of antimicrobials
Monitoring the use of antimicrobial agents is a necessary step to find solutions to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. One aspect that is rarely investigated is the connection of antimicrobial concentration with the socioeconomic status of the population. The image on the cover shows a heatmap illustrating per capita excreted loads of 56 detected antimicrobials and their transformation products, as reflected in wastewater influent from 50 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia. Each WWTP is characterized by varying population sizes, geographical remoteness, and socioeconomic statuses. The notable variation in antimicrobial excreted loads indicates diverse antimicrobial use behaviours among different populations in Australia.
See Li et al.
Image: Jinglong Li, The University of Queensland. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_1.txt,multiBv1,2_1.txt,"Drinking water in small and remote communities
While most people in high-income countries have access to safely managed drinking water, there are still gaps in service provision that prevent countries from meeting the SDG 6.1 target of “achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030”. In Australia, for example, drinking water quality breaches have been documented in small, rural and remote (SRR) communities. Ana Manero and colleagues have now estimated the Australian residents’ willingness to pay for improved drinking water services in these SRR communities.
The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. In the artist’s own words: “Every water is connected in many ways. Water has its own cycle to resource the natural environment. Every water has a story, every story has a meaning. All surface water has different tribes that tells a story about the water and connection to the First Law of the Land. And the access to the water provides leadership to the tribes that lives near the water that keeps the story strong. The ground water has a significant and secret story that keeps the spirit of the water and the land alive. That is why every river is connected. The connection is under the ground on the land and in the air. How the animals use the water is how people should treat the water and listen to our Elders story songs and dance. The spirit of water is only listened to and seen. In the songs stories and dance of the First Nation of the Land. In this painting, I show connections of ground water and surface water. It also shows that water holes, creeks, springs, rivers and ocean are connected.”
See Manero et al.
IMAGE: The cover shows the painting The Unity of Water by Walmajarri, Gooniyandi, Bunuba and Nyikina man — Hozaus Claire. COVER DESIGN: Valentina Monaco.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_12.txt,sbert,2_12.txt,"The state of women in the water domain
While women are underrepresented in the formal water workforce, especially in low- and middle-income countries, they are highly overrepresented in the unpaid work of managing water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) resources at the household level. The study by Caruso et al. examines whether women’s central role in household WASH has been exploited by WASH research and intervention activities. Reviewing previous WASH studies, they found the majority of interventions to be either gender-unequal or gender-unaware, and that many had relied entirely on participation by female household members for programme success. The authors discuss the risk of taking women’s time and work for granted and how it risks cementing gender inequalities in the water domain.
See Caruso, B. A. et al.
Image: Hugh Sitton / Photodisc / Getty Images. Cover design: Debbie Maizels",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_4.txt,allv2,2_4.txt,"Sanitation in dense urban areas
A simple extension of conventional sanitation technologies cannot meet the rising needs in the rapidly expanding cities of the global south. The Comment by Abishek Sankara Narayan and colleagues presents a portfolio approach that systematically considers the co-existence of various sanitation systems, including centralized and decentralized sewer-based systems, varied types of on-site blackwater and greywater treatment, and household-level treatment in situ. The approach optimizes the integration of these systems to achieve multiple outcomes, including public health, environmental protection, climate resilience, resource recovery, and equity. The cover image provides an aerial view of a densely populated township in South Africa.
See Narayan et al.
Image: John Wang / Photodisc / Getty. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Water/2_2.txt,groundtruth,2_2.txt,train
Crystal Growth & Design,2024_12,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_12.png,A,Artistic representation of crystals ranging in size and morphology as they are being dissolved into a stream of flowing fluid. The image was created with the help of the DALL,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_12.txt,groundtruth,2024_12.txt,Artistic representation of hemozoin crystals isolated from Plasmodium falciparum. Samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy. A group of isolated crystals was multiplied on the image and artificially colored.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_3.txt,sbert,2021_3.txt,Artistic representation of lithium lanthanum titanate crystals nucleating at the LaAlO3 single crystal fibers during ceramic sintering. See,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2021_9.txt,multiBv1,2021_9.txt,Twenty years and 19 volumes of Crystal Growth & Design represented by our first cover and the CGD fashion statements over the years.,MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2019_1.txt,allv2,2019_1.txt,val
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE,25_11,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_11.png,D,"‘Synaptic labels’, inspired by the Review on p668.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_3.txt,multiBv1,25_3.txt,"‘Altered activity’, inspired by the Perspective on p272.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_9.txt,ave_3,25_9.txt,"‘Supplying the synapse’, inspired by the Review on p4.
Cover design: Rachael Tremlett.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/23_12.txt,allv2,23_12.txt,"‘Synaptic engineering’, inspired by the Perspective on p131.
Cover design: Jennie Vallis",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_11.txt,groundtruth,25_11.txt,train
Trends in Cell Biology,34_5,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Cell Biology/34_5.png,A,"Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a powerful technology
for sorting cells based on fluorescent characteristics. Yet, it is limited to whole-cell
analysis and cannot distinguish individual organelles or subcellular structures. Novel
cell sorting platforms with imaging capabilities have ushered in a new era of cell
sorting,
enabling sorting based on images with subcellular resolution. On pages 657–670 in
this issue, Kuhn et al. review image-activated cell sorting technologies accessible
to the broader research community, discussing their strengths and weaknesses and
presenting use cases in basic and clinical research.
Cover design by illustratoren.de/TobiasWuestefeld.",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/34_5.txt,groundtruth,34_5.txt,"In November 2008, Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien were awarded the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry, to recognize their truly groundbreaking work identifying
Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP, and showing that it can be used as a tool to study
a wide range of cellular processes. We are marking the one year anniversary of this
well-deserved recognition with a special issue of Trends in Cell Biology devoted to
state-of-the-art imaging approaches. Through a group of 12 topical reviews by experts
in the field, we provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work being done in
cell biology using GFP, its relatives and derivatives, and other innovative tools
and techniques. The Cover shows images from five of the authors of articles in this
special issue. Top image: Single-molecule-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) in S. cerevisiae cells expressing MDN1 mRNA. FISH uses synthetic oligonucleotides
labelled at multiple positions with fluorescent dyes to detect single mRNAs and allows
the detection of single mRNAs in the cytoplasm as well as nascent mRNAs at the site
of transcription. Courtesy of D. Larson, R. Singer and D. Zenklusen (pages 587–595).
Central image: X-ray tomography of a lymphocyte (T-cell). A cut-away view shows the
typical highly folded large nucleus (cyan) surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm
(purple). Multiple highly absorbing vesicles (yellow) surround the nucleus, along
with less absorbing structures, including mitochondria (magenta) in the cytoplasm.
Chromosomes (salmon) and nuclear bodies (green) are seen in the nucleus. Courtesy
of C. Larabell and colleagues (pages 587–595). Bottom right: A live HeLa cell in telophase,
expressing a chromatin marker (histone 2B fused to mCherry) and EGFP-alpha-tubulin.
Courtesy of D. Gerlich and P. Steigemann (pages 606–616). Bottom middle: Images of
an aggregation of 50 nm diameter plain polystyrene beads with the PA-FP Kaede deposited
thereon. PALM image constructed by summing the position probability gaussians determined
for all localized molecules in the data stack. Reproduced with permission from Betzig
et al., Science 2006, and shown in the article by Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and
George Patterson (pages 555–565). Bottom left: An A431 cell expressing EGFR-GFP (green),
labelled with QD-EGF (red) and transferrin-Alexa633 (blue). Courtesy of the Laboratory
of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, and shown in
the article by Diane Lidke and Bridget Wilson (pages 566–574).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/19_2.txt,ave_2,19_2.txt,"The paradigm shifts in our knowledge of the cell could only be realized with help
from technological advances. Therefore, we end our 25th anniversary with a special issue that highlights the technological innovations that
will enable the future of cell biology research. We dedicate this cover to the recent
passing of Roger Tsien, whose discovery and development of a wide array of fluorescent
proteins unlocked the potential to visualize and track cellular behavior. The cover
image is adapted from istockphoto/dem10. The image in the keyhole is courtesy of Antoine
Reginensi and Helen McNeill and shows GFP (Green) and calbindin (red) staining in
Six2:Cre; mTmG/+  in embryonic mouse kidneys (E18.5).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/26_3.txt,allv2,26_3.txt,"In November 2008, Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien were awarded the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry, to recognize their truly groundbreaking work identifying
Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP, and showing that it can be used as a tool to study
a wide range of cellular processes. We are marking the one year anniversary of this
well-deserved recognition with a special issue of Trends in Cell Biology devoted to
state-of-the-art imaging approaches. Through a group of 12 topical reviews by experts
in the field, we provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work being done in
cell biology using GFP, its relatives and derivatives, and other innovative tools
and techniques. The Cover shows images from five of the authors of articles in this
special issue. Top image: Single-molecule-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) in S. cerevisiae cells expressing MDN1 mRNA. FISH uses synthetic oligonucleotides
labelled at multiple positions with fluorescent dyes to detect single mRNAs and allows
the detection of single mRNAs in the cytoplasm as well as nascent mRNAs at the site
of transcription. Courtesy of D. Larson, R. Singer and D. Zenklusen (pages 587–595).
Central image: X-ray tomography of a lymphocyte (T-cell). A cut-away view shows the
typical highly folded large nucleus (cyan) surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm
(purple). Multiple highly absorbing vesicles (yellow) surround the nucleus, along
with less absorbing structures, including mitochondria (magenta) in the cytoplasm.
Chromosomes (salmon) and nuclear bodies (green) are seen in the nucleus. Courtesy
of C. Larabell and colleagues (pages 587–595). Bottom right: A live HeLa cell in telophase,
expressing a chromatin marker (histone 2B fused to mCherry) and EGFP-alpha-tubulin.
Courtesy of D. Gerlich and P. Steigemann (pages 606–616). Bottom middle: Images of
an aggregation of 50 nm diameter plain polystyrene beads with the PA-FP Kaede deposited
thereon. PALM image constructed by summing the position probability gaussians determined
for all localized molecules in the data stack. Reproduced with permission from Betzig
et al., Science 2006, and shown in the article by Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and
George Patterson (pages 555–565). Bottom left: An A431 cell expressing EGFR-GFP (green),
labelled with QD-EGF (red) and transferrin-Alexa633 (blue). Courtesy of the Laboratory
of Cellular Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, and shown in
the article by Diane Lidke and Bridget Wilson (pages 566–574).",MAC_Bench/Cell/Story/Trends in Cell Biology/19_3.txt,multiBv1,19_3.txt,train
NATURE ENERGY,9_3,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE ENERGY/9_3.png,B,"Energized elections
The US energy agenda is critical in determining responses to issues such as climate change, unconventional oil and gas development, and research and development of alternative clean energy technologies, both at home and abroad. In this issue, we explore how the forthcoming presidential elections may influence this agenda through new policies and programmes, and how the outcome may change the energy landscape in the US and beyond.
See Nature Energy 1, 16168 (2016).
Flag: D. Hurst/Alamy Stock Photo. Icons: A. Baker.Cover design: Tulsi Voralia, Alex Wing.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/1_3.txt,allv2,1_3.txt,"Support for renewable energy infrastructure
Political will is needed for large-scale renewable energy infrastructure projects, which must also reflect constituents’ preferences. Caggiano et al. identify limited differences in partisan support for such projects in Pennsylvania, however elected officials underestimate support for renewables and the importance of job creation for constituents.
See Caggiano et al. and Policy Brief
Image: Michael Galinsky. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/9_3.txt,groundtruth,9_3.txt,"Algorithms for all
Neighbourhood-scale batteries can help regulate supply and demand in renewable-heavy electricity systems, but their control algorithms tend to focus on techno-economic needs. A new interdisciplinary study shows how incorporating stakeholder perceptions into algorithm design can lead to diverse outcomes in the allocation of benefit and risk from the battery.
See Ransan-Cooper et al.
Image:fStop Images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Thomas Phillips.",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/6_5.txt,ave_3,6_5.txt,"Renewables in the zone
Renewable energy siting regulations are often created at the local level, meaning district-level ordinances may impact wind and solar power developments. Lopez et al. identify wind and solar ordinances across the United States and spatially model the impact that setbacks — which dictate the required distance from property — have on land availability for the development of renewables.
See Lopez et al.
Image: Acelya Aksunkur / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Thomas Phillips",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/NATURE ENERGY/8_4.txt,ave_2,8_4.txt,train
Nature Cities,1_8,Which of the following options best describe the cover image?,MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_8.png,B,"Addressing heat exposure
Heat waves are becoming increasingly common in cities worldwide. Geogescu et al. estimate the potential to reduce the exposure of US city populations to extreme heat by comparing two methods: adapting in-place and mitigating local climate-warming activities.
See Georgescu et al.
Image: Sean Pavone/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_12.txt,ave_2,1_12.txt,"Assessing building damage from war
Quantifying building damage during war is difficult but key for understanding its extent and for determining the rebuilding efforts required. This study uses a satellite imaging technique to focus on building damage in Syrian and Ukrainian cities.
See Hou et al.
Image: Naeblys / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_8.txt,groundtruth,1_8.txt,"Changing activities during urban growth
Cities change as they develop, but urban science often focuses on the recent past. This study uses a database of activities in Paris from 1829–1907 to understand how different activities, from food stores to passing fads, evolve as an iconic city grows.
See Gravier & Barthelemy
Image: Universal History Archive/Contributor/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_4.txt,ave_3,1_4.txt,"Of skies and skylines
How we build and manage our cities affects air, climate and views. In this issue, Anna Zhelnina considers efforts to preserve the iconic skyline of Saint Petersburg, Russia, while Xia et al. document how many cities effectively benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities connected by supply chains.
See Zhelnina and Xia et al.
Image: Kirill Nikitin/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Lauren Heslop",MAC_Bench/Nature/Story/Nature Cities/1_6.txt,allv2,1_6.txt,train