mhjiang0408/MAC_Bench · Datasets at Hugging Face

ACS Catalysis

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_5.png

D

The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.

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The cover art describes the surface segregation of Sn atoms in Pt-Sn catalyst. Surface segregation behavior of Sn atoms enables the restoration of Pt3Sn surface structure and allows the high catalytic efficiency for propane dehydrogenation.

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based single-atom catalysts with exceptional catalytic performance for CO oxidation (see page 544). View the article.

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We successfully employ readily available oxamic acids as carbamoyl radical precursors to couple with pyridinium salts, selectively introducing the amide group into pyridine architectures. The key innovation lies in the successful integration of an acridinium-based photocatalyst, which enables the formation of amide bonds through a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer process.

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NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

22_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY/22_10.png

B

Antimicrobial delivery to biofilms, inspired by the Review on p555. Cover design: Philip Patenall.

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Honeybee gut microbiota, inspired by the Review on p122. Cover design: Philip Patenall.

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Tackling bacterial antimicrobial resistance, inspired by the Focus issue. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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Celebrating 20 years of Nature Reviews Microbiology. Cover design: Neil Smith.

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Nature Climate Change

14_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Climate Change/14_2.png

C

Human behaviour and climate change Anthropogenic activity is the main cause of climate change, and human behaviour change is an essential part of comprehensive and effective climate actions. Insights from behavioural science could further promote real-world policy formation and implementation. In this issue, we feature a collection of opinion pieces on how progress in behavioural science can be applied to specific climate policy design. See Editorial Image: elenabs/iStock/Getty Images Plus; Olga Kurbatova/iStock/Getty Images Plus; and Bethany Vukomanovic. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Celebrating our tenth anniversary To celebrate a decade of Nature Climate Change, experts highlight the exciting developments in their fields over the past 10 years, and past and present editors talk about some of the remarkable papers published in the journal. See Editorial, Viewpoint and Feature. Image: Malte Mueller/Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco

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Human causes and costs of wildfire The impacts of climate change on wildfire occurrence and intensity have received increasing attention. Lampe and colleagues show that while other human impacts led to burnt area reduction over time, these actions have masked the contribution of climate change in increasing global burned area and increasing probability of months with high burning. Park and colleagues combine fire–vegetation models with a chemical transport model and health risk assessment framework to show that human mortality from fire fine particulate matter is increasingly attributable to climate change. See Burton et al., Park et al. and Research Briefing Lampe Image: Patrick Orton / Cavan / Getty. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

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Future under fire After a year filled with fires around the world, we present a collection of Comments and Correspondences in this issue on the theme of fire and its implications in a warming world. Image: Andrew Merry / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Journal of the American Chemical Society

2024_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of the American Chemical Society/2024_1.png

D

Ethanol is a cytotoxic compound that perturbs the development of the central nervous system. Experimental evidence shows that silver sub-nanoclusters (silver atomic quantum clusters, AgAQCs) electrocatalyze ethanol oxidation under physiological conditions. The observation that AgAQCs-induced ethanol electrocatalysis takes place only in the presence of mammalian cultured cells suggests that the cellular plasma membrane provides the required potential for this reaction and prevents ethanol toxicity. See López-Quintela and co-workers, p 6947. View the article.

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The efficient photoexcited energy and luminescent anisotropy transfer is realized in polymorphic π-conjugated platinum nanocrystals, in which the energy of the donor is transferred and amplified to the acceptor in a polarized form. See Zhong and co-workers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 6157. View the article.

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The mechanical activation of an N-heterocyclic carbene precursor mechanophore by ultrasound-induced cavitation leads to the rupture of the central C

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This study shows an interfacial electric-field-induced prototropic tautomerization reaction in an enzymatic-like nanopocket created by the atomically sharp gold electrodes using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The mechanistic studies revealed a proton relay-assisted tautomerization, showing the importance of external factors, like solvent, in electric-field-driven reactions. View the article.

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ACS ES&T Engineering

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS ES&T Engineering/2024_4.png

C

Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering Excellence in Review Awards 2022. The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely

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The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers. Congratulations to all!

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is proud to announce the winners of the 2023 Excellence in Review Awards, recognizing outstanding peer reviewers for the journal.

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The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.

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Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

31_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Structural & Molecular Biology/31_4.png

D

Architecture of the ciliary radial spoke Structural work reveals the architecture of the radial spoke in unprecedented detail and provides insights into the mechanoregulation of motile cilia. See Article by Grossman-Haham et al. and Article by Gui et al. Image: Adam Beedle / Alamy Stock Photo. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Homotypic interactions between active or Polycomb-repressed promoters account for the 3D folding pattern at the HoxB locus. Cover art by Erin Dewalt, using origami imagery from Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo. (p 515, News and Views p 494)

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Cryo-EM reconstructions of the small subunit processome provide essentially complete snapshots of the ribosome in construction. Cover image by Jonas Barandun. (pp 944 and 954)

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Remodeling membranes into phagophore-like cups Using multiple imaging techniques, both in vitro and in vivo, Mohan, Moparthi et al. show that LCB3 works with the ATG121–ATG5–ATG16L1 complex to remodel flat membranes into membrane cups, providing insights into membrane remodeling processes needed for phagophore formation in non-selective autophagy. See Mohan, Moparthi et al. Image: Ann Manner / DigitalVision / Getty images. Cover design: Allen Beattie

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Nature Photonics

19_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/19_1.png

B

Artistic impression of an all-optical modulator that exploits plasmonics. Cover design by Karen Moore. Letter by Pacifici et al .

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Magneto-optic exceptional points An artistic illustration of a highly sensitive magnetic field sensor that makes use of magneto-optic exceptional points. The apparatus consists of a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a magneto-optic crystal of terbium gallium garnet and a liquid-crystal cell. Frequency splitting of the modes at the exceptional point in the cavity provides a highly sensitive measurement of magnetic field strength. See Ruan et al. Image: Yanan Zhang, Senling (Shandong) Culture Transmission Co., LTD. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Taming of random lasers Random lasers are notorious for their unpredictability and uncontrollability. Now, it’s been shown that a disordered two-dimensional photonic crystal can bring control over random lasing modes. The approach using an InP-based multiple-quantum-well epilayer enables precision control over the laser properties. See Jeon et al. Image: Heonsu Jeon, Seoul National University. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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The nonlinear interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with a medium can generate trains of attosecond pulses. Here, ultrafast photonic streaking launches successive individual attosecond pulses in different directions, enabling direct experimental access to these pulses, which carry information on the ultrafast dynamics of the medium.Article p651IMAGE: KIM ET AL.COVER DESIGN: TOM WILSON

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_29

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_29.png

D

This article presents the efficient utilization of artificial intelligence models to reliably predict the core dielectric and electrochemical properties of organic compounds. The cover art highlights AI-assisted prediction of molecular properties based on atomic composition. This cover art was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, including ChatGPT, Copilot, and DALL-E.

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.

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A mathematical model has been developed based on boundary-forming points in a solid–solid–liquid ternary phase diagram for tie-line prediction.

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Nature Cell Biology

26_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/26_6.png

C

Dicer-deficient cells have multiple spindles (green) and undergo aberrant mitosis. cover design: Lawrence Keogh

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A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.

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Unconventional secretion Rab1A, Rab1B and Rab2A regulate TMED10-mediated unconventional protein secretion and compartmentalization of the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). See Sun, Tao, Han, et al Image: Courtesy of Rui Xie, Chengdu Great Wall Decoration Design and Color Printing Center, China and Prof Liang Ge, Tsinghua University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Celebrating 20 years of cell biology Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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ACS Synthetic Biology

2024_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Synthetic Biology/2024_11.png

B

In 2017, ACS Synthetic Biology had an amazing year, publishing more than 240 papers and sponsoring more than 10 conferences/events! We thank the authors, reviewers, and readers for your continued support of the journal and we look forward to working with you in 2018.

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growing in a solution containing the CNTs.

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The cover depicts an artist rendering of genome engineering in cyanobacteria. Several recent studies have improved the synthetic biology toolbox for cyanobacteria to enable more sophisticated genome engineering efforts but it still lags far behind model organisms like E. coli and yeast. Cover art by Brad Baxley based on DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00043.

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The cover art for this issue of ACS Synthetic Biology is part of the ACS Diversity and Inclusion Cover Art Series. The image, titled "Pipetting Hand," was created by Michael Rosnach,

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Nature Photonics

18_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Photonics/18_12.png

C

Artist's impression of a solid-state optoelectronic device that generates single photons for use in experiments in quantum optics. Review Article p631 IMAGE: IGOR AHARONOVICH, DIRK ENGLUND AND MILOS TOTH COVER DESIGN: BETHANY VUKOMANOVIC

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Focus on frequency combs Photograph of integrated ring resonator circuitry that is used to generate quantum frequency combs. See Moss et al. Image: INRS UOP, Stéphanie Thibault. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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On-chip optical logic On-chip optoelectronic logic gates that operate in the telecom wavelength band are constructed by integrating multiple silicon waveguides with black phosphorus. See He et al. Image: Weida Hu, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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Focus on metasurfaces This issue of Nature Photonics features a focus on metasurfaces, flat ultrathin components formed from arrays of subwavelength structures for manipulating electromagnetic waves. The cover image is an artist’s impression of a multi-layered metalens designed for achromatic operation in the visible range. The lens comprises three frequency-selective metasurfaces, engineered to focus red, green, and blue light to the same white focal spot. The entire lens is less than half a micrometre thick. The lens uses 2D metasurfaces in a multi-layered design for obtaining integrated ultra-flat multispectral and multifunctional optics. See Neshev and Miroshnichenko Image: Shahar Mellion and the Weizmann Institute of Science, from https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14992. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic.

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CELL RESEARCH

34_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/CELL RESEARCH/34_2.png

C

The cover image illustrates how RNAi (terracotta warrior from Qin dynasty of China), as an "ancient" antiviral immunity mechanism, protects human neural progenitors (the wall) and brain organoids (beacon towers) from the invasion of Zika viruses. In antiviral RNAi, Dicer (the crossbow) produces viral siRNAs (the arrows) from viral dsRNA to specifically target and cleave viral genomic RNAs. Cover art is contributed by Dr. Yefei Li. See page 265-273 by Yan-Peng Xu et al. for details.

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The cover uses a Chinese historical allusion of “beans casted on the ground magically turn into soldiers” to depict the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the battle between tumor cells (soldiers with shields) and T cells (soldiers with swords). See page 725-738 by Junya Peng et al. for details.

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Beneath the blazing sun, the guardian deity of agriculture wields the sacred sickle-shaped tool, TMS5, which removes cP from the cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs accumulated in rice, thereby safeguarding its fertility. In contrast, the rice left beyond his reach, burdened with cP-ΔCCA-tRNAs, remains sterile. See page 763–775 by Bin Yan et al. for details.

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The cover depicts a newly built elevated highway (replicating DNA) that is damaged (mismatch). A worker (MutS-MutL complex) identifies the damage and communicates with the repair department (Exo1) to fix the problem. The columns (buildings) represent chromatin remodeling and DNA metabolic proteins. Designed by Yipin Wu.See page 542-553 by Janice Ortega et al. for details. Designed by Yipin Wu

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Cell Systems

15_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Systems/15_10.png

D

On the cover: Cell Systems is doing its part to keep the wheels of the scientific endeavor turning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this issue, Editor-in-Chief Quincey Justman (307) describes our approach. Image credit: denisgo, Getty Images.

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On the cover: Cell Systems turns one. This issue features a Focus on RECOMB (Li et al., 21–34; Sefer et al., 35–42; El-Kebir et al., 43–53; Simmons et al., 54–61; Dao et al., 62–70) and our new Tool article format (Durand et al., 95–98 and 99–101; Liepe et al., 102–107) and badge (Ritchie et al., 71–82). They represent one aspect of our broader ambition to bridge research fields (see our Editorial, 1–2), including between experimental and computational biologists (see Voices, 7–11). Scan the QR code for a special anniversary message from the editors.

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On the cover: Cells occupy a diverse range of single cell states. In this issue of Cell Systems, a team from the Allen Institute for Cell Science (Gerbin et al., 670–687) classified thousands of single cells to quantify the relationship between cell organization and gene expression. Here, the diversity of cell organization and gene expression is shown in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, where the sarcomere is labeled with alpha-actinin-2-mEGFP (white). Cells are colored by the combined organizational score. Image credit: Thao Do and the authors.

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On the cover: Materials harboring engineered bacteria and active sites are grafted with fluorescent proteins (GFP and mCherry), visualized in yellow by merging the red and green channels. The proteins are synthesized and autonomously released by the encapsulated cells (visible as scattered distributed red or green dots). In this issue of Cell Systems, Zhu et al. introduce a living grafting approach, facilitated by engineered bacteria, to functionalize materials with modular, dynamic, and regenerated biological features, thereby broadening their utility beyond conventional limits. Image credit: Runtao Zhu and Jiao Zhang.

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ACS Materials Au

2024_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Materials Au/2024_3.png

A

Magnetron co-sputtering unlocks a precise control of chemical composition during a high-pressure synthesis in the diamond anvil cell. Chromium cementite is selectively synthesized at high pressures, demonstrating the potential of this novel method. Artwork created by Scott D. Thiel and James P. S. Walsh.

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This cover features Co-substituted polyoxotungstate anions attached to the surface of TiO2 via aminopropyltriethoxysilane linkers that enable robust covalent binding. The heterogenized clusters serve as an O2 evolution co-catalyst and promote stable light-driven water oxidation catalysis photosensitized by the semiconducting support.

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This cover art features seventeen outstanding early-career investigators recognized as the “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”. These researchers are pushing scientific boundaries, conducting research at the forefront of fundamental or applied research and at the interface between materials and other disciplines. The accompanying virtual special issue, “2022 Rising Stars in Materials Science”, features a collection of peer-reviewed contributions from these researchers, representing the breadth and depth of the discipline and providing new insights and directions for advancing materials research. View the virtual special issue.

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This cover portrays the ability of electron tomography to observe the intricate three-dimensional details of a self-assembled metal nanoparticle superstructure.

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Nature Cell Biology

27_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cell Biology/27_1.png

D

Melanoma cells control the formation of a primary tumour niche by releasing microRNA-carrying melanosomes that are taken up by dermal fibroblasts leading to their activation. [article p1006]

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Chromosome mal-orientations accumulate before correction by Aurora kinase. cover design: James McQuat

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A collage of Nature Cell Biology covers from the past decade.

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Chromosomal instability in cancer Longitudinal analyses of non-small cell lung cancer samples identify the mechanisms through which loss of tumour suppressor FAT1 affects homologous recombination repair and chromosomal instability. See Lu et al. , and RB by Wei-Ting Lu Image: Jeroen Claus (Phospho Biomedical Animation). Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

25_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE/25_4.png

D

‘Looking back over 20 years’ inspired by the Viewpoint on p524. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

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‘Making forecasts’ inspired by the Perspective on p231. Cover design: Jennie Vallis.

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'Pressing deadlines' by Jennie Vallis, inspired by the Review on p189.

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‘Learning across timescales’, inspired by the Review on p597. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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Trends in Cell Biology

35_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

For 25 years Trends in Cell Biology has kept its readers up to date on the latest research advances by publishing timely, forward-looking reviews in a concise and accessible manner. In honor of our 25th anniversary, this special issue is devoted to highlighting the ever changing and expanding field of cell biology. The cover is a mosaic of the cover image from the inaugural issue of Trends in Cell Biology. The mosaic was created using cover images from the past 25 years. Cover design by Danielle Loughlin.

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In recent years, the bottom-up approach of synthetic biologists has yielded new insight into fundamental aspects of cell biology. In this special issue, co-guest edited by Wendell A. Lim and Wallace F. Marshall (editorial on pages 611–612), we highlight some of the exciting work that has sprung from this intersection between synthetic and cell biology. On the cover, the construction of a single cell is depicted via an instruction sheet similar to that which might be found in a child’s game. The cover is meant to represent the constructionist approach to understanding the inner workings of the cell. Cover design by Yvonne Blanco.

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Developmental tissue formation involves the integration of a complex array of events, from physical forces exerted by neighboring cells and epithelial sheets to the intracellular signalling pathways controlling growth-related gene expression. In this issue of Trends in Cell Biology, we offer reviews examining design principles that underlie tissue development. Levayer and Lecuit (pages 61–81) review the biomechanics of the actomyosin network and discuss how the complex dynamics of this network, alongside its ability to self-organize and respond to mechanical feedback, all contribute to key cellular processes such as cytokinesis, cell migration and epithelial morphogenesis. Also in this issue, Davidson (pages 82–87) discusses the physical laws that govern tissue assembly with an introduction to the mechanics of epithelial sheet interactions, and Varelas and Wrana (pages 88–96) review recent work on the developmental cross-talk between the Hippo pathway – key to determining organ size – and other important signalling cascades, such as those mediated by TGFβ_and Wnt. Cover image by ©iStockphoto.com/feoris.

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Organelle communication is a growing research field, and its impairment is increasingly associated with mechanisms of cellular dysfunction. Recent studies have shed light on the pivotal role of lipids in inter-organelle communication, revealing their influence on processes such as organelle membrane fission and remodeling. In this issue, Domingues et al. explore how lipids mediate inter-organelle communication. The authors highlight emerging techniques that improve lipid detection and quantification, paving the way for a systematic understanding of lipid-mediated intracellular communication. Cover design by Neuza Domingues.

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Nature Nanotechnology

19_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Designer RNA condensates The cover shows a microscopy image of synthetic cells expressing artificial organelles, assembled from genetically encoded RNA nanostructures. See Giacomo Fabrini et al. Image: Giacomo Fabrini (The Francis Crick Institute) and Lorenzo Di Michele (University of Cambridge). Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

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Water-based nanofabrication The cover shows an image of water-based micro- and nanopatterned circuits obtained by using silk as a surfactant on a hydrophobic wafer. See Omenetto Image: Fiorenzo Omenetto, Silklab. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan.

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Nanoparticles can deliver a variety of cancer drugs directly into tumour cells, which increases the efficacy of the treatment while reducing side effects. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have shown promise as therapeutic agents but it is difficult to get them into cells. Now Daniel Anderson and co-workers have demonstrated that self-assembled DNA nanoparticles can reliably deliver siRNAs into cells and silence target genes in tumours. As shown in this illustration, the DNA nanoparticles are tetrahedral in shape, with six protruding arms. DNA nanoparticles have a number of properties that are useful for drug-delivery applications: it is relatively easy to control their size and to bind either drug molecules or targeting ligands to them. Letters p389; News & Views p344 IMAGE: HYUKJIN LEE COVER DESIGN: ALEX WING

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Nanotubes under wraps. Cover design by Karen Moore. Article by Nish et al .

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_46

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: A. A. Gusev et al., “ZSM‑5 Additive Deactivation with Nickel and Vanadium Metals in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04819); J. Lim et al., “Dynamic Modeling of Acetone−Butanol−Ethanol Fermentation with ex Situ Butanol Recovery using Glucose/Xylose Mixtures” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03016); G. Grivas et al., “Biomarker Identification of Complex Diseases/Disorders: Methodological Parallels to Parameter Estimation” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04108); and A. Romo-Hernández et al., “Thermodynamic Analysis and Feedback Stabilization for Irreversible Liquid−Vapor Systems” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04869).

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Aqueous two-phase systems

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.

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ACS Chemical Neuroscience

2024_19

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The cover art features four pseudo-colored composite images of pERK-stained zebrafish larval brains, showcasing the effects of a vehicle and three behavior-modifying neuroactive isoflavones. Below, a mosaic time series depicts the animals' behavioral responses to a light stimulus in a multi-well plate under the same neuroactive treatments as the pERK-labeled images. This juxtaposition highlights the relationship between changes in neural activity and behavior. All images were captured, processed, and conceptualized by the lead author, Dr. Matthew McCarroll.

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The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-

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Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.

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This image shows a large subpopulation of 5-HT neurons (TPH2 immunolabeling in red) expressing the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3 immunolabeling in green), thus having the capacity to co-release both 5-HT and glutamate. Gullino et al. show that these neurons are involved in

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ACS Sustainable Resource Management

2024_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.

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Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization. View the article.

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The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.

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On the journal cover a degraded perovskite photovoltaic device is depicted in the back. The recent work of Bogachuk et al. demonstrates an effective end-of-life strategy to reuse part of the device and remanufacture such solar cells and modules via a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach, which strongly reduces their carbon footprint.

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Chemical & Biomedical ImagingOpen Access

2024_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Correlating the subcellular location of essential metals and proteins in neurons using fluorescence light microscopy and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging under cryogenic conditions to preserve native cell structure and bio-molecule distribution. Part of this cover was created using AI Copilot Designer.

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The cover design is inspired by the fluorogenic reaction and click reaction. As depicted in the image, nonluminous planets interact with each other to generate new small planets that emit intense fluorescent light, enabling diverse research applications. View the article.

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The boom of AIEgens has revolutionized the design strategy of bioimaging materials. In this review, we summarize the advantages and recent progress of AIEgens in imaging and tracking, including different imaging strategies, e.g., turn-on imaging, stimuli-response sensing, and long-term tracking. NIR AIEgens for in-depth bioimaging are also discussed.

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The CBT-Cys click reaction and its derived reactions (i.e., CHQ-Cys and PMN-Cys) have made outstanding contributions to the design of smart bioimaging probes due to their good biocompatibility and self-assembly properties. In this review, we focus on the concept, mechanism, and research progress of CBT-Cys-like reactions.

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Joule

9_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Joule/9_2.png

B

On the cover: Joule is the home for scale-spanning energy research that plays a key role in the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future. This issue features a range of articles that reflect themes relevant to COP26, covering fundamental research, technoeconomics, and policy analysis that will enable the realization of net zero this century and help to mitigate the climate crisis. Cover art by Phillip Krzeminski.

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On the cover: In this cover image, Chen et al. present the conceptual design of a new electro-biodiesel platform that converts CO2 into biodiesel by integrating electrocatalysis and microbial bioconversion. The image illustrates the integrated electro-biodiesel conversion process, where electrocatalytic reactors convert CO2 into biocompatible C2 intermediates, which are then upgraded into biodiesel precursors through efficient microbial fermentation. The process flow is shown by the bright pathway. The transparent container at the center symbolizes the final diesel product. The image highlights the advancement of an efficient and economic electro-biodiesel route through the co-design of microbes and catalysts, opening new avenues for sustainable CO2 conversion. Artist: Yu Zhang (@CYANTIFICA).

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On the Cover: An artistic depiction of an array of solar-powered lithium extraction devices floating upon the sea. Described in a Future Energy article in this issue of Joule, Zhou, He, et al. (pp. 1648–1651) conceive and demonstrate an electrolysis method that extracts lithium metal directly from seawater and is faster and more controllable than adsorption and dialysis-based methods. Cover art by Sixie Yang and Ping He.

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On the cover: The cover image represents a large-area flexible perovskite solar module (f-PSM) operating outdoors. In this issue of Joule, Lee et al. demonstrate an effective strategy for improving both the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs by introducing a newly designed electron-transport layer (ETL). This ETL effectively suppresses the shunt path without sacrificing the electron transport property, greatly enhancing the efficiency and stability of f-PSMs. Notably, this strategy enables a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% on f-PSMs (900 cm2). Image credit : Da Seul Lee.

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BDJ

237_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

In this issue This issue features articles on oral syphilis, removable partial dentures, and edentulous patients. Cover image: From 2013. The image on the front of this edition is a celebration of our Themed Issues. These began in 2013 and to date number 22, with more planned for 2025 and beyond. ©Tim Marrs

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In this issue This issue features articles on experiences among volunteer dentists, integrated care, and diabetes and periodontitis. Art ©Belmira Okoro, Image ©asbe/E+/Getty Images Plus

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In this issue This issue features articles on smile makeover treatments, hospital dentistry litigation, and decolonisation of the curricula. Cover image: A burst of clinical activity disrupts the steadily growing biofilm, sending pathogenic bacteria rushing through the dental waterlines. Cultured microorganisms are at the centre of this investigation. (Mixed media on paper.) Cover art by Rachel Jackson

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In this issue This issue features articles on dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of COVID-19 on BAME dental professionals, and domestic violence during the pandemic. Image credit: Joanna Culley

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences

46_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Pharmacological Sciences/46_1.png

B

Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized as a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses to antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into platelet biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image, conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features a heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications, symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart and hands are from Adobe Stock images.

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Recent studies have highlighted the complexity of platelet biology, revealing their diverse roles beyond hemostasis. Pathological platelet activation is now recognized as a key contributor to thrombosis and inflammation, both of which are central to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging research emphasizes the considerable impact of demographic factors—such as age, sex, race, and ethnicity—on CVD risk and responses to antiplatelet therapies. In this issue, Jain, Tyagi and colleagues review the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors including age, sex, race, and ethnicity on platelet function and responses to antiplatelet therapies. They emphasize the pressing need for further research into platelet biology and cardiovascular outcomes across diverse populations and advocate for tailored therapeutic approaches in CVD based on recent demographic findings. The cover image, conceptualized and designed by Kanika Jain and Tarun Tyagi using BioRender, features a heart, representing cardiovascular health, and hands holding platelets and medications, symbolizing the interplay between pathological platelet activation—associated with thrombosis—and therapeutic strategies crucial for CVD management. The diverse individuals illustrate the impact of demographic factors on CVD risk. Images of heart and hands are from Adobe Stock images.

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences will be issuing a series of Science and Society articles, each highlighting a rare disease. The series aims to be a platform that brings an expert's perspective on what he or she thinks is in the future of the therapeutic field of that specific rare disease. On pages 229–236 of this issue, the series starts with two Science & Society articles by Napierala et al. and Gogliotti and Niswender that highlight the rare diseases Friedreich Ataxia and Rett syndrome respectively. The cover of this issue has portraits of children with rare diseases, shared generously by Beyond the Diagnosis – Advancing Medicine through Art. It is designed to reflect the hope that this series will be instrumental in generating discussions within the scientific community that will help further research in finding therapies to rare diseases. Cover image courtesy Beyond the Diagnosis (https://www.beyondthediagnosis.org) and istock/ma_rish.

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In this issue of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, we are pleased to begin a series of articles that focus on topics that are important to China, and thus, to the greater pharmacological community. These reviews examine key trends in diverse areas of pharmacology, including new tools to study compound chemicals and development of targeted therapies. As we launch this month, we are delighted to bring you a perspective piece on the development of pharmacology in China, written by TiPS Editorial Board Member Ming-Wei Wang with his colleagues Richard D. Ye and Yizhun Zhu. In addition, we invite you to learn more on computational methods for drug design and discovery, especially as they have been applied in China, with a review article from Hualiang Jiang and colleagues. Cover image courtesy of iStockPhoto.

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Trends in Microbiology

32_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Microbiology/32_11.png

A

The cover schematic summarizes the heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen responsible for tuberculosis, upon treatment with antibiotics. When treated with antibiotics, some mycobacteria will perish while other mycobacteria will localize in specific environments (represented under an umbrella) protected from the antibiotics. Given the pressing need for rapid, cost-effective and potent anti-tuberculous drugs, a more critical examination of the contribution of host environments with regards to antibiotic distribution and efficacy is highly relevant. These concepts are discussed in the Review article by Dr. Day and colleagues. Image courtesy: Dr. Noémie Matthey

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In this themed issue of Trends in Microbiology we discuss issues in antimicrobial resistance and explore novel therapeutic approaches to treat infections. Cover image from iStock/Fahroni.

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This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance might look like if microbes ran in marathons.

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This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance might look like if microbes ran in marathons.

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Science Translational Medicine

17_783

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Science/Cover/Science Translational Medicine/17_783.png

D

ONLINE COVER Muscles with a Minigene. Multiplied images of muscle cross-sections from a patient with mild muscle weakness. In this week's issue of Science Translational Medicine by Krahn et al., staining with NADH dehydrogenase reveals a dystrophic pattern, a result of deletion of exons 2 to 40 of the dysferlin gene, which is essential for membrane repair. This deletion creates a truncated dyferlin protein in this patient that confers partial function and may be useful for gene therapy of these muscle-wasting dysferlinopathies. [CREDIT: N. STREICHENBERGER/HOPITAL NEUROLOGIQUE, LYON]

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ONLINE COVER Covering 10 Years of Translation. The image shows a collection of Science Translational Medicine covers, one for each year of the journal's publication. To celebrate Science Translational Medicine's 10th anniversary and a decade of exciting translational research, we are launching with this issue a special Focus series "Science Transforming Medicine". Focus articles in this series will highlight key translational research advances in different fields achieved since the journal began publishing in October 2009. The first Focus article in this series by Zmora et al. discusses the rapid pace of advances in microbiome research and the challenges ahead for developing microbiota-based therapies. [CREDIT: SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE]

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ONLINE COVER An Adjuvant Advance. The cover shows a mouse inguinal lymph node after vaccination with the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine adjuvanted with a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)–12p70. The lymph node was stained for naïve (yellow) and germinal center (green) B cells, T cells (magenta), and follicular dendritic cells (blue) to visualize the vaccine-elicited immune response. Immunity elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have been shown to wane over time, particularly in older individuals. To improve immune durability, Brook et al. adjuvanted the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with a mRNA encoding IL-12p70, which amplified vaccine responses even at lower vaccine doses. The authors also developed a strategy to limit expression of the mRNAs to muscle, potentially reducing systemic reactogenicity after vaccination. Together, these data show that mRNA vaccines, like their protein counterparts, benefit from adjuvantation. Credit: Brook et alMAC_Bench/Science Translational Medicine

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ONLINE COVER Manipulating Mitochondrial DNA. The cover shows a cross-section of a skeletal muscle fiber stained for cytochrome c oxidase activity (dark brown), an indicator of mitochondrial function, in a mouse treated with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base editor to correct a mutation in a mitochondrial tRNA. Mitochondrial disorders are often caused by mutations in mtDNA that are difficult to correct with traditional gene editing. Barrera-Paez et al. used a dose-dependent mitochondrial DddA-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to successfully correct a mitochondrial tRNA mutation in mouse heart and muscle. However, at the highest doses of editing, DdCBE induced off-target DNA edits resulting in severe adverse effects in the mice. Together, the results suggest that DdCBE is a promising tool for mitochondrial gene editing, but caution is required to avoid dose-dependent adverse effects. Credit: Jose Domingo Barrera-Paez

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Science Signaling

2007_404

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

COVER This week features a Perspective on regulation of nitric oxide synthase by β-actin. The image depicts a single monomer of β-actin. [Image based on PDB 2oan]

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COVER This week features a Review on PB1 domains. The image depicts the structures making up the p40phox and p67phox PB1 complex. [Image: PDB entry 1OEY]

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ONLINE COVER This week, Hoffman et al. show that MAPK signaling–driven tumor cells of various tissue origins rely on a DNA replication stress pathway to keep dividing in the presence of MAPK signaling–targeted drugs. Blocking this pathway, such as by inhibiting the protein FANCD2, may improve treatment in patients. The image shows FANCD2 staining (blue) in a sample of progressive BRAF-mutant melanoma from a patient treated with MAPK inhibitors. Image: Timothy Hoffman/University of Colorado Boulder, USA

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ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Resource that used quantitative proteomics and high-content single-cell imaging to investigate the prevalence and functional consequences of arginine methylation. The image shows a network of RNA-binding protein complexes that are regulated by arginine methylation. [Image: Sara C. Larsen, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark]

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Nature Reviews Physics

6_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Reviews Physics/6_11.png

A

The cover of this issue illustrates the search for an island of nuclear stability, a metaphor that has by now shifted towards glimpsing the mountains of enhanced stability on the horizon, their tops still concealed by clouds. See >[Smits] et al. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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The cover of this issue illustrates the physics of freezing and melting. See Sun & Calzavarini. Image: Galaxiid/Alamy Stock Photo. Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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The cover of this issue illustrates a Viewpoint article on the visibility challenges faced by Asian scientists. See Hanasoge et al. Cover design: Charlotte Gurr.

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The cover of this issue is based on ab initio predictions of superconducting critical temperatures. See Pellegrini & Sanna Image: Adapted from Pellegrini, C. & Sanna, A. Nat. Rev. Phys. (2024) Cover design: Susanne Harris.

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NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

26_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE IMMUNOLOGY/26_1.png

A

Predicting longevity of antibody responses The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses. See Cortese et al. Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

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Nature Immunology celebrates its fifth anniversary this month. To mark this occasion, we have assembled a collection of landmark papers from our pages that highlight the broad subject area covered by Nature Immunology in the past 5 years. This content is free online (http://www.nature.com/ni/focus/birthday/index.html) during July. Artwork by Lewis Long.

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Predicting longevity of antibody responses The turtle is a timeless symbol of longevity in Aboriginal and Native American cultures, soaring through the sky. Within its form, one can see multinucleated megakaryocytes and plasma cells, vital components of the longevity of the immune response induced by vaccination. This visual encapsulates the key findings of the Article, illustrating how vaccination stimulates immune cells that sustain durable antibody responses. See Cortese et al. Image: Michael David Ferguson, Yale University; Concept by Bali Pulendran, Stanford University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

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20 years of Nature Immunology Twenty antibodies to reflect 20 years of Nature Immunology. To celebrate our anniversary, we have commissioned a series of Comments from some of our authors from the last 20 years that describe their landmark studies and how they drove immunology research forward. See https://www.nature.com/collections/fddiddjdcj Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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ACS Catalysis

2024_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Catalysis/2024_9.png

A

Out of two possible activation modes to provide two sulfonyl radicals, mechanistic studies rule out an energy transfer mechanism and support an oxidative quenching photoredox cycle featuring a sulfinate intermediate.

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The cover image reflects how diverse areas of catalysis can be brought together to form powerful hybrid systems with enhanced reactivity. For example, the combination of an enzymatic “bio” catalyst with a heterogeneous metal-based “chemo” catalyst creates a joint “chemo-bio” system capable of performing highly selective isotopic labelling reactions.

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Catalysts that can heal themselves without periodic regeneration represent the dream of a catalyst designer. The cover illustrates the inner workings of a prototypical “self-healing” catalyst consisting of biphasic “Janus” particles. Atoms emitted from the metal are captured by the oxide returning to the active site.

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The cover art illustrates a convenient and efficient strategy for selective arylation at the C4 site of 2-pyridones by palladium and norbornene competitive catalysis, which provides efficient synthesis of functional 4-aryl-2-pyridone scaffolds as valuable building blocks in medicinal chemistry.

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ACS Applied Polymer Materials

2024_20

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_20.png

D

A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.

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This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.

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Yellow cross-linked polymer monoliths with hierarchical porosities and

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The combination of a strong electronegative effect and the hydrophobic feature of –CF3 as well as the increase of free volume contributes to the improved energy capability of the FPI film.

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Trends in Microbiology

32_13

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

The reaction center−light-harvesting 1 (RC−LH1) pigment-protein supercomplex is the central machinery of anoxygenic photosynthesis performed by purple photosynthetic bacteria and Chloroflexales. This cover image illustrates various RC−LH1 supercomplex structures from different phototrophic bacteria, resolved by cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography. In this issue, Liu et al. provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in uncovering the structures and assembly mechanisms of photosynthetic RC−LH1 complexes. The natural diversity of RC–LH1 highlights the unique evolutionary strategies utilized by different phototrophic bacteria for optimizing light-harvesting and electron transfer within their ecological niches during evolution. Image courtesy: Lu-Ning Liu

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This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology explores different aspects of microbial endurance and how microbes endure and flourish in the environments they find themselves in. We examine how bacteria and viruses establish chronic infections – from adaptation and population diversity, to the latent reservoir in HIV as well as how this might be eliminated, and reactivation of latency. We discuss how bacteria respond to stressful conditions from responses from the immune system to antimicrobials and how the stress response is regulated. We also look at endurance in beneficial interactions and how a stable gut microbiota is maintained and how stress can act as a cue in symbiosis. Finally, we explore what endurance might mean for the field of microbiology and how this might evolve in the 21st Century. The cover image by Kip Lyall playfully imagines what microbial endurance might look like if microbes ran in marathons.

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The microbial cell is heterogeneous and decorated with appendages, proteins and polysaccharides. On pages 389–397, Dupres et al. discuss the organization of the different components of microbial cell envelopes as has been revealed using single cell techniques such as atomic force microscopy and variations of this. Shown on the cover is a three-dimensional atomic force microscopy image of a living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell. Cover image courtesy Yves Dufrêne.

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This themed issue of Trends in Microbiology examines some of the ways that a systems biology approach has been used in microbiological research. As this often involves the manipulation of large data sets that can include networks of genes, genomes or protein interactions, for example, this cover playfully shows another type of network, that of an imagined tree-like subway system. Cover image printed with permission from Robert Adrian Hillman/iStockphoto LP.

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ACS ES&T Engineering

2024_6

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A

Laser-induced graphene-based electroconductive membranes (ECMs) have the potential for electro-cleaning of the fouled membranes. Non-oxidative electro-cleaning effectively prolongs the ECM lifespan by avoiding damage, while catalytic oxidative cleaning offers superior flux recovery for severely fouled membranes, highlighting innovative strategies for enhancing ECM performance in membrane technology.

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Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering Excellence in Review Awards 2022. The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely

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The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers. Congratulations to all!

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The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.

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Science

387_6731

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D

COVER Artistically rendered segment of a synthetic macromolecular ladder scaffold, inspired by a natural product structure, that unzips through ring-opening in response to mechanical force. The ensuing mechanochemical metamorphosis of the insulating polyladderene structure into semiconducting polyacetylene nanowires rapidly transforms the material's intrinsic properties and functions. See page 475. Illustration: Valerie Altounian/Science

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COVER The single-cell protist Lacrymaria olor uses rapid, reversible extensions of the cell’s neck-like protrusion to hunt that are enabled by a curved crease origami structure. Through high-resolution imaging and scaled-up origami experiments, researchers show how topological singularities in helical pleats control deployment. This discovery offers a glimpse into geometrical control of behavior in single cells, with potential applications in space architecture and microrobotics. See pages 1064 and eadk5511. Illustration: Rebecca Konte/Prakash Lab

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COVER Computer-generated models of three-dimensional nanostructures that were self-assembled from synthetic DNA strands called DNA bricks. A master collection defines a 1000-voxel "molecular canvas" with a 25-nanometer edge. By selecting subsets of bricks, Ke et al. constructed a panel of 102 distinct shapes with sophisticated surface features and intricate interior cavities and tunnels. These nanostructures may find applications ranging from biomedicine to nanoelectronics. See page 1177. Image: Yonggang Ke

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COVER Interwoven granular building blocks form crystallographic networks that are interlinked but not rigidly connected. A range of designs, based on rings or cages, can be made using additive manufacturing. Under stress, the networks show responses that are only partially like a liquid or a solid. This motif has similarities to chain mail used by medieval soldiers and has more recently inspired artist and creator communities. See pages 250 and 269. Illustration: N. Burgess/Science; Data: W. Zhou et al., Science 387, 269 (2025).

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ACS Applied Polymer Materials

2024_3

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B

Supersonic copolymer (PS-b-PDMS) microspheres are subjected to a head-on collision with a stationary target surface, and observed extreme plasticity and collision-induced nanostructures will provide new insight into cold spray additive manufacturing of polymers.

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The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.

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A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.

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This cover illustration shows superior thermal conducting properties of newly developed liquid crystal (LC) materials derived from improved molecular orientation by polymerization. LC epoxy resins exhibit high thermal conductivity based on mesogen networks oriented by intermolecular interactions with excellent potential as electronic materials.

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Nature Chemical Engineering

1_7

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A

Scaling up tandem CO2 electrolysis Tandem CO2 electrolysis converts CO2 into multi-carbon products by employing different reaction environments in each electrolysis cell. This enabling technology can produce valuable chemicals and fuels, but more effort is needed in scaling these systems to commercial levels. Now, Feng Jiao and colleagues address this critical need by demonstrating tandem CO2 electrolysis at the kilowatt scale, marking a major step towards real-world implementation of these systems. The cover shows the tandem CO2 electrolyzer used in this study. See Crandall et al. and Liu et al. Image: Bradie S. Crandall, University of Delaware. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.

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Electrifying separation processes The recovery of valuable metals from waste sources remains challenging. Now, Xiao Su and colleagues demonstrate an electrochemical liquid–liquid extraction process that utilizes selective single-site binding of metal ions to a redox-active ferrocene in a continuously operating platform. This process achieved substantial up-concentration for gold and platinum group metals from several practical waste feedstocks. See Cotty et al. and Schuur Image: Stephen Cotty, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.

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Electrified processing of carbonates to ethylene Industrial processes for the electrochemical production of ethylene from aqueous carbonate feedstocks are not well understood. Now, Sankar Nair and co-workers report process simulations and a techno-economic analysis to identify barriers to the future commercialization of this technology as well as advances needed to make the process feasible. The image illustrates an industrial-scale process designed to produce ethylene from carbon dioxide captured from the air through electrochemical reduction. It shows the flow of various species between the units in the process. It also highlights the complexities involved in optimizing the economics and evaluating the uncertainties of the process using computational approaches. See Venkataraman et al. Image: Anush Venkataraman, Georgia Institute of Technology. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann.

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Digitizing CO2 electrolyzers The design of electrochemical reactors that convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is made challenging by the lack of computational models that capture the complex physics and chemistry of these systems. Now, Adam Weber and colleagues have developed a comprehensive continuum model that links ion, water and gas transport with coupled ion–electron transfer kinetics to quantify rate-limiting phenomena and trade-offs in reactor design. The cover shows how this digital model complements CO2 reduction experiments to accelerate the development of improved reactors. See Lees et al. and Elgazzar & Wang Image: Justin Bui, Francisco Galang and Samantha Trieu, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Cover design: Thomas Phillips.

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Trends in Chemistry

6_3

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C

The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146 of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology).

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In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

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The ability to efficiently capture light energy and utilize this to convert abundant small molecules, such as H2O, into high-value and much sought after chemicals is still in its' infancy in catalysis, especially when compared to nature. In their review in this month's issue, Chen and colleagues discuss the promising progress made when combining artificial solar energy conversion systems, such as semiconductors, with efficient biocatalysts including enzymes and bacterial cells. This powerful combination can provide remarkable activity, selectivity and efficiency in photocatalytic conversion of small molecules, a step towards meet the demands of society. Powerful hybrid systems for Image credit: C. Bo, J. Liu, X. Chen and L. Piao.

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In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

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ACS Nano

2025_1

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A

Perovskite nanocrystals are assembled into superlattice structures inside lithographically fabricated hollow, three-dimensional transparent templates, enabling position and size control. When excited, the ordered quantum dots “cooperate” and collectively emit superfluorescent bursts of light.

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This cover image depicts volatile organic compound (VOC) gases being adsorbed onto the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene films during breath analysis. Ti3C2Tx acts as a two-dimensional, metallic sensing channel for the highly sensitive detection of gases with a detection limit of 50–100 ppb at room temperature, leading to an ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio. Such sensitive VOC detection can be efficiently utilized for the early diagnosis of various diseases.

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The cover article describes the fabrication of large-area homogeneous amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with vivid, noniridescent structural colors by atomization deposition of colloidal nanoparticles. Owing to the fine thickness-controlled capability, heterogeneous APSs and additive mixing of noniridescent structural colors were realized. Furthermore, three-dimensional conformal coating on flexible substrates with curved surfaces, such as textiles, is obtained in one step due to omnidirectional coating.

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This cover image depicts lithographically patterned Pd nanowires overcoated with a Zn-based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8) layer. This ZIF-8 layer functions as a nanofilter to eliminate access of impurity gas species to the Pd nanowire sensor elements while allowing the penetration of hydrogen molecules, leading to the acceleration of Pd-based H2 sensors with 20-fold faster recovery and response speed compared to pristine Pd NWs at room temperature.

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Nature Reviews Chemistry

9_1

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B

Chemical looping processes can be mediated by redox-active metal oxides. This cover image depicts a doped metal oxide surface at which conversions of substrates such as methane, water, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can occur. See Gong et al Image: Chuanye Xiong, Design: Carl Conway

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Synthetic molecular cages are three-dimensional structures that are designed to recognize and bind specific molecules. Much like a key fitting into a lock, the cage captures molecules based on their size and shape. Researchers are especially interested in how these cages can help identify different sugars. Such cages can be useful in a variety of applications in science and medicine, from chemical detection to drug delivery, see Wu et al. Image: Carl Conway; Cover design: Carl Conway

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Metal organic cages can be designed to encapsulate multiple guests. Understanding the design rules that enable selective multiple binding of different guests will enable new guest–guest chemistry to be explored with possible applications in catalysis and sensing. See Rizzuto et al. Image: Felix Rizzuto, University of Cambridge. Cover design: Carl Conway.

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Discovery and design of new therapeutics require understanding of processes across different spatiotemporal scales. The development of multiscale simulation techniques enables us to simultaneously study drug mechanism of action at both atomic and cellular level. The cover image is a representative example of a quantum mechanics–molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model of an enzyme–drug complex (data from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135 (21), pp 8001–8015). Image: Adrian Mulholland, Pek IeongDesign: Rachael Tremlett

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Evidence-Based Dentistry

25_4

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A

In this issue: This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry seeks to present readers and clinicians with widest possible spectrum of information about dentistry and oral health. It describes evidence from social and public health, oral medicine, and surgical and restorative research. The focus is , however, on the external influences on oral health Cover illustration by Gary Neill

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In this issue: This issue of Evidence Based Dentistry focusses entirely on the use of antimicrobials in dentistry. The importance of this topic cannot be overstressed given that almost 10% of antibiotic prescriptions are issued by dentists and antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to global public health. Cover illustration by Gary Neill

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In this issue: This themed issue of Evidence Based Dentistry explores the evidence underpinning our attempts to help people quit smoking. In particular it examines the role of vaping and its effects on both dental treatment and on the oral cavity. Cover illustration by Gary Neill

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In this issue: This issue of Evidence-Based Dentistry highlights the importance of the two-way relationship between research and practice, and how progress in practice is dependent on evidence provided by research. Cover illustration by Gary Neill

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Lab Animal

53_11

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C

50 years of Lab Animal We’ve gone retro this month to celebrate Lab Animal’s 50th Anniversary! 1971 saw the very first issue of the long-running journal, which has grown to encompass animal research from vivarium to lab bench and everywhere in between and features an ever-growing menagerie of model species. Here’s to 50 more years! See Editorial IMAGE: Marina Spence. COVER DESIGN: Marina Spence.

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Putting together genome puzzles Assembling a genome is not unlike assembling a puzzle. As sequencing technologies continue to advance, genomic puzzles are becoming easier to put together. That’s facilitating the sequencing of many different animal species, some already common to the lab and others much more novel. See Eisenstein Image: Thanit Weerawan/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Erin Dewalt

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3D printing of a murine MRI platform Positioning and maintaining small animals for imaging over time requires a means to secure the head, maintain the animal's body temperature and facilitate delivery of anesthesia if needed. A new Article describes an open-source, customizable 3D printable cradle design that can be used for brain imaging in awake mice and anesthetized mice and rats. See Yaghmazadeh et al. Cover image: Alex Whitworth. Cover design: Alex Whitworth

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Reporting metadata in animal research Data sharing allows data to be reused in other analyses, avoiding resources (and animals) being wasted in unnecessary replication studies. A new Perspective proposes a minimal metadata set to enable data sharing and repurposing in animal research, contributing to the principle of reduction. See Moresis et al. Cover image: Debbie Maizels. Cover design: Debbie Maizels.

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Immunity

57_6

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B

On the cover: There are many routes through which we can meet our demise, and our exit from the scene generates a multiplicity of consequences. In this issue devoted to cell death and immunity, we provide a series of articles that examine the many routes to cell death and their immunological consequences. Green (pages 441–444) lays out the molecular landscape of cell death routes. Ravichandran (pages 445–455) discusses mechanisms by which dying cells alert the host to remove their corpses. Griffith and Ferguson (pages 456–466) address the consequences of cell death to immunological tolerance and its alter ego, autoimmunity. Karin and colleagues (pages 467–477) provide insight into routes by which an inflammatory response triggered by cell death can lead to cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Finally, Yatim and Albert (pages 478–490) examine and opine on the strategies that viruses have developed to co-opt host cell death pathways to their advantage while the host uses these pathways to pursue its self-serving agenda. It is hoped that this collection will stimulate thought and further investigation on the inevitable fate of our cells and the immunological consequences of cell mortality. The cover shows a phase contrast image of an L929 fibrosarcoma cell “facing” death under cellular stress. The image was captured on an AGFA APX25 Professional film with a Leica DMIL microscope and was provided by Tom Vanden Berghe and Peter Vandenabeele.

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On the cover: Cerebral interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutières’ Syndrome stem from chronic activation of the type I interferon response within the central nervous system, but the mediators of neurotoxicity are poorly defined. Viengkhou et al. identify the cerebral microvasculature as a critical transducer of interferon toxicity within the brain. Deletion of the type I interferon receptor, IFNAR1, on endothelial cells not only rescued cerebral vascular disease and restored blood-brain barrier integrity but also prevented the development of diffuse brain disease, including neurodegeneration. The devastating neurological changes mediated through cytokine-driven microvascular disease are depicted as a leaf, full of tiny, delicate microvasculature networks reminiscent of the human brain, changing from green to autumnal brown. Image by Ben Gartland, Grant Foster, and Holly Philip.

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On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA, RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells, microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades. Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles, we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development of new therapies.

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On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers, and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun! In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.

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ACS Applied Bio Materials

2024_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The cover graphic depicts artificial heart valves consisting of decellularized heart valves (DHV) embedded with hydrogels. Balanced charged networks of PEGDA-SBMA hydrogels with cationic and anionic groups can prevent the transportation of Ca2+ ions and enzyme molecules, conferring efficient anti-calcification properties to artificial heart valves.

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The cover image depicts the rebirth of wasted eggshell membrane (ESM) with graphene into a biomedical scaffold for stem cell and tissue engineering. Graphene-layered ESM (GEM) scaffolds can overcome the limitations of physicochemical properties of raw ESM-based scaffolds. It also provides hierarchical micro- and nanoscale structures like those of extracellular matrices in living tissues, promoting important stem cell behaviors including adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and secretion of growth factors. GEM can be used as an efficient biomedical platform, realizing the potential of ESM as a high-value biomaterial while maintaining its unique properties of ESM and graphene for various biomedical applications including stem cell and regenerative medicine.

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The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.

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The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_43

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A

Phenolation is introduced as a simple yet very efficient modification strategy to improve the reactivity of hydrolysis lignin, resulting in better-defined bioaromatic fractions that are suitable for the

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This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: Zhang et al., “Highly Efficient Au Nanocatalysts for Heterogeneous Continuous-Flow Reactions Using Hollow CeO2 Microspheres as a Functional Skeleton” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04637); Linhardt et al., “Degradable, Dendritic Polyols on a Branched Polyphosphazene Backbone” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05301); Huang et al., “Fabrication of Rhodium Nanoparticles with Reduced Sizes: An Exploration of Confined Spaces” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04314); and Pandey et al., “Study on the Kinetics of Catalytic Hydrogenation of U(VI) in Nitric Acid Solution Using a Bubble Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04293).

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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Nature Aging

4_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

m6A mRNA modification in primate aging In this issue, Wu et al. profile the N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptomic landscape of aging nonhuman primate tissues. Their study shows that m6A decoration correlates with gene expression homeostasis and that the methyltransferase METTL3 has a role in m6A epitranscriptomic regulation and myotube maintenance. The cover image shows a dragon, a Chinese symbol of longevity, resembling an mRNA. The dragon has red ‘M’-shaped eyebrows and black pupils with the number 6 at the center. The image is inspired by a Chinese idiom, hua long dian jing — in English, to bring the painted dragon to life by dotting its eyes. The saying metaphorically means ‘providing the finishing touches’. In relation to the authors’ work, to bring this dragon to life — that is, to maintain mRNA stability — the finishing touch is the methylation (invoked by the M-shaped eyebrows) that occurs at the N 6 position of adenosine (invoked by the pupils displaying the number 6). The writing brush represents the METTL3 protein. See Qu et al. Image: courtesy of Yizhu Wang. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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Aging in unity The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging. See Editorial Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.

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Nonlinear multi-omics aging In this issue, Xiaotao Shen, Chuchu Wang and colleagues performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling in a cohort of 108 human participants and reveal nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging. The cover shows a heatmap depicting nonlinear changing data. See Shen et al. Image: Michael Snyder & Xiaotao Shen. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Accelerated aging in breast cancer In this issue, a study from the LaBarge group shows that histologically normal tissue from young women who carry a germline mutation that confers a high risk of developing breast cancer show several signs of accelerated aging, such as the loss of cell lineage markers. Our issue cover features an immunofluorescent image of a mammary tissue section from a woman who carries a high-risk BRCA1 mutation, showing alterations in the proportions of canonical cell types (as defined by molecular markers of cellular identity) that are indicative of a loss of lineage fidelity. See Shalabi et al. and the accompanying News & Views by Caruso and Tlsty Image: Sundus Shalabi, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Developmental Cell

60_2

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A

On the cover: Artistic representation of mouse preimplantation development from zygote to expanded blastocyst stage. During blastocyst formation, the first three embryonic lineages are established. Unspecified cells (yellow) progressively segregate into extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm externally and primitive endoderm internally; red) and inner cells at the origin of the embryo proper (pluripotent epiblast; green). To learn more about the role of PI3K in murine epiblast and primitive endoderm specification, see Geiselmann et al. Image credit: Adèle Micouin and Michel Cohen-Tannoudji.

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On the cover: This image represents three studies in this issue of Developmental Cell that are part of the SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium (STOC): zebrafish embryogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (bottom right), 3D spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of developing Drosophila (top right), and cell-type-specific spatial transcriptomic atlas of arabidopsis (left). To learn more about Stereo-seq and its applications, see Wang et al. (pp. 1271–1283), Liu et al. (1284–1298), and Xia et al. (1299–1310). Image credit: Mingjiang Lu, Huifang Xiao.

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On the cover: Developmental Cell publishes papers representing a full range of cell biology and development, from molecular mechanism to organismal pathophysiology. The spiraling elements depicted on the cover of this month's tenth anniversary issue suggest a continuum of relationships amongst these intertwined disciplines. Cover image created by Kate Mahan and Yvonne Blanco.

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On the cover: In this issue we celebrate Developmental Cell's 20th anniversary year. The image depicts the fruits of the cell and developmental biology's progress over the last two decades. Cell biology is represented by the epithelial cell layer, development by Waddington's landscape, and a Tree of Knowledge to reflect on growth and understanding of how cells and organisms respond to their environment. Cover image drawn by Julie Sung (Scientific Illustrator at Cell Press).

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Trends in Chemistry

6_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

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Utilizing a biphasic solvent system in biorefining enables the efficient conversion and separation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In this month’s systematic review article from Ragauskas, Wang and colleagues, the production process of furans via classical biphasic systems is discussed, and an innovative design of non-classical, sustainable biphasic systems for industrial applications is proposed. The approach aims to reduce the overall complexity of the purification process, and improve the production of furan-compounds and liquid fuels. Image credit: Dr. Kui Wang

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The cover image illustrates nature-inspired biocatalytic photosynthesis that synthesizes valuable chemicals and fuels using sunlight. Solar-driven collaborative catalysis integrates the best attributes of photocatalysis and redox biocatalysis for sustainable chemical synthesis. Photocatalytic molecules/materials harvest renewable solar light to activate oxidoreductases with exceptional reaction selectivities. On pages 133–146 of this issue, Jinhyun Kim and Chan Beum Park review recent advances in collaborative catalysis for solar biosynthesis. Image credit: Jinhyun Kim (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology).

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In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we highlight the design and emerging catalytic applications of transition metals and their complexes in organic and organometallic chemistry, including: C-C bond formation, C-H functionalization, branch-selective olefin hydroarylation, carbon-dioxide methanation, and chemo-catalytic cellulose conversion to ethanol. On pages 510–523 of this issue, Rueping and colleagues discuss visible light-induced excited-state transition-metal catalysis. In contrast to metal/photoredox dual catalysis which has garnered significant attention as a bond-forming platform, excited-state transition-metal catalysis employs a single metal complex as both the photo- and cross-coupling catalyst, offering potential efficient and economic C-C bond formation.

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Nature Microbiology

9_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

L-forms evade phage Shown are vectorized false-coloured images of L-form-like Enterococcus faecalis cells that are in the process of escaping the cell wall sacculus. Wohlfarth et al. report that L-form escape is triggered by the phage-derived endolysin Ply007, which functions as a peptidoglycan hydrolase. In Gram-positive bacteria, L-form conversion enables transient escape from further phage infection. See Wohlfarth et al. Image: Jan Wohlfarth, ETH Zürich; with support from Fabienne Estermann, University of Basel. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Fungal vesicles activate host immunity This image shows confocal microscopy of macrophages with the DNA-sensing enzyme cGAS (GFP) translocating from the nucleus to the cytosol in response to the phagocytosis of extracellular vesicles isolated from the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. See Harding et al. Credit: Hannah Brown Harding, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School. Cover design: Valentina Monaco.

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Functional roles in tree holes Using natural tree-hole microbial communities, the authors show that bacterial abundance is related to their functional roles, with abundant phylotypes driving broad functional measures and rarer phylotypes implicated in more specialized measures. See Rivett and Bell Image: Thomas Bell. Cover Design: Samantha Whitham.

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Macrophage-induced tolerance Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages following infection with Staphylococcus aureus attack bacterial iron–sulfur cluster-containing proteins, thereby leading to alterations in bacterial metabolism that increase their tolerance to antibiotics. See Rowe, S. E. et al. Image: Ella Marushchenko. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Trends in Ecology & Evolution

39_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/39_6.png

B

The application of modern, computer-aided techniques to palaeontology has radically changed the type and amount of data that can be gathered from fossils. On pp. 347–357 of this issue, John Cunningham and colleagues review what this revolution means for our understanding of the ecology and evolution of extinct organisms. (Image by John Cunningham.)

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Migratory animals, such as the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) shown here, transport parasites along their migratory routes. On pages 625–633, Jason Donaldson and colleagues discuss how the trophic effects of migrants can alter parasite dynamics for residents. They develop a framework to better determine migrant trophic and transport effects on resident animal parasite prevalence. Photo credit: Jason Donaldson.

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‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.

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Over the last few decades many of the advances in understanding collective animal behaviour have come from laboratory studies or modelling exercises. On pp. 347–357 of this issue, Andrew King and colleagues discuss recent advances in taking the study of collective animal behaviour back to the wild. The cover image shows an aerial view of wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) collective movement. Photo: Martin Harvey, used with permission.

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Chem & Bio Engineering

2024_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

This study establishes CRISPO, an efficient tool for multicopy integration and pathway optimization in Pichia pastoris. By combining rDNA integration and fluorescence screening, CRISPO facilitates the construction of a yeast cell factory capable of producing geraniol at the highest titer and productivity ever reported.

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Cross-linked Phe–Phe-based peptide nanofibers can construct networks and thus form macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels. This work provides a summary of the construction strategies of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic supramolecular hydrogels and lists the represented biomedical applications. In addition, the perspectives and challenges of Phe–Phe-based macroscopic peptide hydrogels are presented.

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This review highlights recent advances in metal-free peptide stapling, showcasing efficient, selective, and multifunctional stapling strategies to foster innovative ideation among readers.

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Engineering a new generation of multimodular chimera lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases to bind and degrade plastics.

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innovation

5_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_4.png

B

On the cover: The sun not only breeds all life, but also brings inexhaustible clean energy to the earth. The development of flexible photovoltaic technology, represented by flexible perovskite solar cells, frees the energy production from the constraints of traditional centralized photovoltaic application scenarios. From spacecraft and curved photovoltaics to wearable devices and IoT sensors, the combination of flexible photovoltaics and advanced technology will realize a more flexible, convenient, and imaginative collection and utilization of solar energy, contributing to a more intelligent and sustainable human society.

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On the cover: Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. And the reconstitution of immune homeostasis post-transplant is critical for the long-term survival. However, the dynamics of immune response patterns under immunosuppressive therapy in post-transplant patients remain largely unexplored. Professor Peng Zhihai's team at Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University utilized longitudinal clinical multicohort and single-cell technologies to reveal the processes of immune rejection and homeostasis remodeling after liver transplantation. Under immunosuppressive treatment, the postoperative immune response pattern of stably restored transplant patients underwent a dynamic evolution in one year, progressing through four stages of immune responses, from which a series of molecular markers for the early detection and proactive intervention of graft rejection were identified. On these findings, Peng's team developed a four-stage clinical management framework, offering a more refined guide to the clinical management of patients after liver transplantation.

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On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral. Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today, in order to explore the future of science.

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On the cover: Cancer is a complicated disease by genetic mutations. Loads of scientists and doctors had been making history to cancer research and clinical management. Now we're in the era of precision medicine and it is possible to conquest cancers via multidisciplinary collaboration in the near future.

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ACS Chemical Neuroscience

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-

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The cover art depicts the spontaneous binding of 2 nm ligand-capped gold nanoparticles over a long amyloid-

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Nanoconjugates, including 5-FU-PVP and 5-FU-PVP-Au, were synthesized and later functionalized with gold nanoparticles for enhanced therapeutic applications. These nanoconjugates exhibited high drug-loading efficiencies, prolonged drug release, and effective hen egg white lysozyme aggregation inhibition. In an Alzheimer’s Drosophila model, 5-FU-PVP demonstrated superior amyloid aggregation inhibition compared to a bare drug, showcasing potential anti-Alzheimer’s activity. The image was created with the assistance of OpenAI's ChatGPT.

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Illustrative representation of the brain in which intense neurotransmitter excitations occur, represented by colored discharges. This cover art is intended to highlight our metabolomic and lipidomic study of GCPII-deficient mouse models, where it is the disruption of NAAG concentrations that affects the brain lipidome and metabolome. The cover art was generated using DALL·E 3.

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Cell Chemical Biology

31_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: Immune checkpoint blockade mediated by therapeutic antibodies has revolutionized cancer treatment yet still fails many patients. Xu, Chen, Olszewski, et al. show that shortage of the building blocks (gray and red molecules) for purine synthesis present a metabolic bottleneck (second gate) for tumor-infiltrating T cells (blue). One-carbon supplementation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (first gate) can overcome these barriers to anti-cancer immunity, leading to durable tumor regressions. Image courtesy of the authors. 3D models by LucasPresoto, jimbogies, AnshiNoWara NG+, and ep2au are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution.

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On the cover: The cover art is a representative image of an islet of the pHluorin-LC3-mCherry mouse, showing heterogeneity in autophagic flux, on a larger image of the autophagic process degrading intracellular components. For more about this work, see Aoyama et al., 658–671.

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On the cover: Join us in celebrating the 30th anniversary of Cell Chemical Biology with this special issue. The imagery reflects the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, spanning all areas of biological and biomedical sciences from academia to industry, collectively forming the vibrant field of chemical biology. Dive into the editorial to explore the journal's rich history, ongoing achievements, and future directions. Cover art by Julie Sung.

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On the cover: After more than 20 years supporting the community of scientists dedicated to research done at the interface of chemistry and biology, we bid farewell to Chemistry & Biology and introduce you to Cell Chemical Biology. We are excited about the new title that clearly reflects our commitment to chemical biology and our alignment with the Cell Press family of journals. We are even more excited about the exceptional science that we will continue to publish, and this special issue highlights some of the areas in which chemical biology has been pushing the limits and reaching for the blue skies.

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Immunity

57_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

On the cover: Disease-associated microglia (DAMs) are associated with various neurological disorders. In this issue, Lan et al. examine the plasticity and fate of DAMs during brain injury and recovery in juvenile and neonatal mice and find that in the neonatal stroke models, DAM-like microglia regained a homeostatic signature and integrated into the microglial network after recovery but remained sensitized to subsequent immune challenges. Some microglia remain within the core injury region, perishing alongside the damaged cells. However, other microglia escape the infarct core, migrating away from the injury region and regaining homeostatic features, akin to soaring butterflies rising from the ashes. Image created by Zhong Wei and Yangning Lan.

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On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA, RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells, microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades. Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles, we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development of new therapies.

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On the cover: The bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells are not simply for survival of the cells, but rather, they also fuel critical differentiation processes and effector functions. In this issue of Immunity, we present four review articles that discuss the current understanding of how cellular metabolism impacts the immune cells. Olhenchock, Rathmell, and Vanderheiden (703–713) explain the biochemical mechanisms that underlie how metabolism is adapted to meet the energetic and redox demands of immune cell populations. Many chromatin- and DNA-modifying enzymes make use of substrates and cofactors that are intermediates of metabolic pathways. Glass, Phan, and Goldrath (714–729) examine how metabolic activity can integrate environmental signals with activation-induced gene-expression programs through the modulation of the epigenome and discuss how this integration could lead to context-specific responses. Pearce and Russell (730–742) discuss the role of the mTOR pathway as a metabolic sensor in the tissue microenvironment, how mTOR signaling impacts the differentiation and function of tissue-resident immune cells, and the impact of metabolic constrains in tissues on immune homeostasis and disease. Rickert and Boothby (743–755) discuss recent evidence for the importance of different niches in the development and function of B cells, highlighting the role of the nutrients and metabolic by products that distinguish these sites. The image on the cover aims to capture the impact of metabolic changes in the cellular function and form: the energy, as represented by light, and the change, represented by different colors. Image by Maxiphoto (istockphoto.com).

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On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers, and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun! In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.

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ACS ES&T Engineering

2024_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are proud to announce the winners of the 2022 Best Paper Awards, highlighting the best papers published in the journal in 2022. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers. Congratulations to all!

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This special issue showcases the latest research in the application of computational modeling in environmental research. The front cover shows that the density functional theory (DFT) calculation of aperiodic small molecule systems is a cost-effective and promising approach for investigating the reaction mechanisms of advanced oxidation processes at the subatomic level

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Announcing the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering Excellence in Review Awards 2022. The journal recognizes those researchers delivering multiple outstanding quality, timely

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The editors at ACS ES&T Engineering are delighted to announce the winners of the ACS ES&T Engineering 2021 Best Paper Award, celebrating the best papers published in the journal in 2021. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winning papers.

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Nature Machine Intelligence

6_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Neuromorphic olfaction Neuromorphic chips are designed to use computational machinery inspired by the brain, but it has been challenging to use that machinery in real-world practical problems. In a paper in this issue, Imam and Cleland describe a neural algorithm for the learning and identification of odour samples based on the architecture of the mammalian olfactory system. They implement their neural algorithm in the Intel Loihi neuromorphic system. See Nabil Imam and Thomas A. Cleland. Image: Springer Nature Limited/Jordan Abina. Cover Design: Karen Moore.

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Accelerating micromagnetic simulation with deep learning Simulation has a crucial role in micromagnetic research. Traditional numerical methods face high computational demands, primarily due to long-range interactions. By leveraging the learning capabilities of a U-shaped neural network, computational complexity can be reduced from O(Nlog(N)) to O(N), facilitating scalable simulations for large sample sizes. The image depicts the simulated topological structure in a magnetic sample. See Cai et al. Image: Dong Wang, Tsinghua University. Cover design: Vanitha Selvarajan

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Expanding dimensions In the field of computational materials design, 3D microstructural datasets are crucial for understanding structure–performance relationships through physical modelling. However, 3D imaging can be slow and often has limited resolution compared to its 2D counterparts. In this issue, Steve Kench and Samuel Cooper propose a generative adversarial architecture, SliceGAN, which can use a single representative cross-sectional image to synthesize realistic 3D volumes. In an accompanying News & Views, Alejandro Franco discusses the technique and the potential to extend it to even further dimensional expansion. See Kench and Cooper, and Franco Image: Elvire Coudray Des Bouillons, Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Learning from human decision making Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems may surpass human performance on a variety of tasks, but they may also mimic or amplify human errors or biases. This issue of Nature Machine Intelligence features a Perspective describing decades of research by psychologists on the development and prevention of errors and biases in human judgment and decision making. The authors provide connections between the psychology and machine learning literatures, and offer guideposts for the development and improvement of machine learning algorithms. See Alexander S. Rich and Todd M. Gureckis Image: Exdez/DigitalVision Vectors/Getty images. Cover design: Karen Moore

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ACS ES&T Water

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

The present work explores and demonstrates the electrochemical sensing capability of a highly stable bimetallic gold–copper nanocluster. The nanocluster can selectively sense heavy metal ion lead, Pb(II) through a specific gold–Pb(II) interaction, and is successfully extended to real sample analysis as well. Thus, a real-time monitoring strategy has been put forward.

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The editors at ACS ES&T Water are pleased to announce the winners of the 2022 ACS ES&T Water Best Paper Award, showcasing some of the most outstanding papers published in 2022 issues. The front cover lists the topics covered by the winners of the award. Please view the Editorial for full information on the winning papers. Congratulations to the authors, and a sincere thank you to all authors in the journal for their commitment to excellence and for publishing their best work in ACS ES&T Water.

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This special issue showcases the latest advances in membrane technologies to remove and recover valuable resources from water streams. The artwork by Yang et al.

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Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS ES&T Water, a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to all aspects of water research and policy. Research investigating water quality, chemistry, treatment, protection, and sustainable use/reuse and supply is in scope. The journal considers freshwater and marine environments, and industrial and municipal water applications.

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Nature Reviews Cardiology

21_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

Inflammasomes in atrial fibrillation, inspired by the Review on p145. Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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Atheroimmunology, inspired by the Review on p743 Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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DEI in Cardiology, inspired by the Roadmap on p765. Cover design: Vicky Summersby.

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Immune cell profiling, inspired by the Review on p43. Cover design: Vicky Summersby.

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Trends in Immunology

45_13

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.

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Type 2 immunity is a complex yet critical component of immune responses to parasitic worms but is also involved in allergies. On pages 154–167, Rothlin and colleagues review the negative regulators that control these responses, including the receptor tyrosine kinase TYRO3, here represented as the perplexing Duchess attempting to quell the sneezing child in a scene from Alice in Wonderland. Cover image by Sourav Ghosh.

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In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images Plus.

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Two articles in this issue, by Carrie Lucas and the STAT6 Gain-of-Function International Consortium, respectively, discuss human inborn errors of immunity. For instance, the STAT6 Gain-of-Function International Consortium (Stuart Turvey and colleagues) address how recent findings and mechanisms of STAT6 germline heterozygous gain-of-function rare variants cause a broad and severe clinical phenotype of early-onset, multi-system human allergic disease. New findings of human inborn errors of immunity may help identify possible targeted treatment approaches. Image credit: GettyImages.

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Chemical Research in Toxicology

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Wildfires and industry are common sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH metabolism determines rates of bioactivation, rates of detoxification, and ultimately risk. We used activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to characterize cytochrome P450 enzymes in young individuals (≤21 months) compared to adults to assess the potential of early life susceptibility.

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This cover graphic and associated article are part of a Chemical Research in Toxicology virtual collection entitled in honor of the late Prof. Alan Poland, highlighting the investigation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its role in toxicology, a field to which Prof. Poland made invaluable research contributions.

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The cover graphic features a computer displaying in silico toxicology research on Bromo-DragonFLY, highlighting its potential acute toxicity, genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in comparison to forensic toxicology. Part of this cover was generated using the AI programs, DALL-E via ChatGPT 4 and PSD AI.

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This cover art illustrates the chemical structures of A-series Novichok nerve agents (A-230, A-232, and A-234) overlaid on a flask with a skull, symbolizing their lethal design as chemical weapons. The image features a hazmat-suited figure, evoking the protective gear used during the 2018 Novichok poisoning investigation in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England. A neuron in the background highlights the nerve agents' primary biological target.

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Trends in Chemistry

6_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

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In this special issue of Trends in Chemistry, we wrap up our inaugural content by continuing to address big questions in chemistry. We introduce 14 new articles outlining key topics in chemistry including: lithium-metal batteries; electrochemical water splitting; light hydrocarbon separations; glycosidic bond hydroxylation; and two dimensional materials, just to name a few. The cover image is a continuation of the Issue 1 cover but now with a collection of molecules, structures and reactions primarily found within this issue.

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Developing new medicines requires a huge amount of time, effort and money to bring them to market, not to mention the negative environmental impacts from the synthetic routes and chemicals used. All of these costs are then passed onto the consumers - therefore those in low/limited income countries worldwide have reduced access to life-saving medications that are sorely needed. In his Opinion article, Professor Bruce Lipshutz makes the case that adhering to the Principles of Green Chemistry, alongside new green technologies, can lead to more environmentally responsible and cost-effective synthetic routes for manufacturing vital drug molecules, benefitting the health and well-being of many across the globe. Image credit: Getty Images/artpartner-images

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In part one of our two-part special launch issues, we address some of the outstanding key questions that chemists are currently tackling. In this issue, we highlight critical topics such as: name plagiarism; air pollution; organic electrosynthesis; singlet fission; entropic intermediates; frustrated Lewis pairs; solar cell open-circuit voltage losses; C-H activation; boron-doped molecules; nanozymes; atomically dispersed supported metal catalysts; photoredox catalysis; ionic plastic crystals; and ammonia electrosynthesis. The cover image is a collection of molecules, structures, reactions, and concepts all found within this issue. Cover image designed by Tom Dursch.

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ACS Applied Polymer Materials

2024_23

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Polymer Materials/2024_23.png

A

Nanoindentation and magnetic force microscopy offer a complementary approach to comprehensively characterize the mechanical and magnetic properties of magnetic hydrogels. These techniques play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the intricate interplay between the structure, mechanical properties, and magnetic behavior, paving the way for tailored applications in various fields, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and responsive materials design.

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The cover art depicts a biomimetic 3D-printed armored structure inspired by armadillo shells for durable superhydrophobic surfaces. It showcases hexagonal patterns protecting inner hydrophobic nanoparticles, repelling water droplets. The design illustrates the approach of integrating 3D printing with nanomaterial surface treatments to create wear-resistant, water-repellent coatings for harsh environments.

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The cover art is showing a microwire coated with a layer of Cell Imprinted Polymer (CIP). The CIP is porous, and the pores have specific affinity towards bacterial cells. These wires can be integrated into sensors for detection of bacteria in various matrices like water, food, and human body fluids.

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A newly synthesized azobenzene-based monoacrylate molecule (AM) is used to develop multifunctional liquid crystal polymer networks (LCPNs) with photothermal effect. The multifunctionality of the strategically optimized and manufactured AM LCPN was demonstrated through the identification of shape memory, orientation, and self-healing properties.

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ACS Polymers Au

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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B

AI for polymers. A combination of polymer fingerprinting, machine learning, rapid computational characterization of polymers, and availability of large open-sourced homogeneous data can accelerate the design and development of polymeric materials.

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The synthesis of amino-acid-derived polyanions is shown. These polymers, depending on the chemical identity of the amino acid, reveal chirality and tailored hydrophilicity, enabling them to accumulate in cell membranes in a particularly slow fashion.

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The cover illustrates the past, present, and future of carbanionic polymerization. After almost 70 years of its existence, this powerful method is still alive. It will continue to produce sophisticated structures and guide polymer scientists to new commercial products and advanced technological applications.

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The cover illustrates the concentration dependent assembly of photonic bottlebrush block copolymers in solution from solvated single polymer chains to disordered compositional fluctuations to long range ordered lamella. In the process, the structure color of the assembled phases evolves and red shifts.

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Nature Reviews Endocrinology

20_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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D

The role of vasculature in adipose tissue biology, inspired by the Review on p691. Cover design: Jennie Vallis

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Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14. Cover design: Edward Byrne

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Mapping progress in cell replacement therapies for T1DM, inspired by the Review on p14. Cover design: Edward Byrne

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The multifaceted influence of obesity on cancer therapies, inspired by the Review on p701. Edward Byrne

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ACS Applied Engineering Materials

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Engineering Materials/2024_8.png

D

A mesoporous Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite with a high surface area and abundant available active sides was used for photocatalytic environmental remediation. Molecular dynamics endorses the formation of an interphase between Ag2ZrO3 and GO. This dynamic and visually striking cover art captures (Ag2ZrO3/GO nanocomposite) the essence of light as a multifaceted tool for sustainability and scientific progress.

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The ACS AMI Family “2024 Early Career Forum” highlights groundbreaking research and innovative ideas from the emerging authors in the scientific community on a broad range of topics. This edition of the Forum showcases 135 exceptional contributions from early-career scientists worldwide, published across ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, ACS Applied Bio Materials, ACS Applied Electronic Materials, ACS Applied Engineering Materials, ACS Applied Energy Materials, ACS Applied Nano Materials, ACS Applied Optical Materials, and ACS Applied Polymer Materials.

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Carbonized oil palm fiber with the integration of polydopamine (PDA-cfiber) as an upcycling of biomass waste is used for the synthesis of a photoabsorber with enhanced solar absorbance and hydrophilicity for effective interfacial photothermal solar steam generation.

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Both direct ink writing and selective laser melting techniques offer the ability to create immiscible metal matrix composites while also allowing for precise shaping of objects. These composites enhance wear resistance and improve thermal conductivity in materials.

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ACS Applied Optical Materials

2025_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Optical Materials/2025_1.png

B

Special cover art for the Phosphors for Infrared Applications forum issue by Dr. Ru-Shi Liu et al. showcasing the potential applications of infrared phosphor materials.

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Computer simulations highlight the potential of Cu3BiS3-based solar cells with optimized buffer layers and transparent conductive oxides, providing insights for the development of non-toxic, cost-effective, and high-performance photovoltaics.

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A fiber-based optical thermometry using silicon-vacancy color centers in microdiamonds is reported.

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In this invited paper, the authors developed new quantum-dot color conversion layers for micro-LED devices which could be applied to next-generation augmented reality displays

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Science Signaling

2007_393

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

COVER This week features a Perspective on regulation of vesicle release by a voltage-gated potassium channel. The image depicts interaction of the Kv2.1 channel with the vesicle fusion machinery. [Image: Christopher Bickel, AAAS]

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ONLINE COVER This week, Xu et al. report that the activity of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in gastric cells prevents lipid accumulation in the liver induced by the hormone ghrelin. The image is a conceptual illustration of the liver. Credit: Kateryna Kon/Science Source

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ONLINE COVER This week features a Research Article that shows that the lipid-metabolizing enzyme DGKζ is required for optimal B cell functions. DGKζ-deficient B cells exhibited decreased mechanical forces at the plasma membrane and an impaired ability to extract antigen from antigen-presenting cells. The image depicts an experiment to measure pulling forces between a B cell (left) and an antigen-coated bead (right). [Image: Merino-Cortés et alMAC_Bench/Science Signaling]

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COVER This week's Focus Issue on cell migration features an Editorial Guide, as well as a Perspective, a Review, and a Protocol. The image depicts a cell extending a pseudopod toward a chemoattractant. [Image: Preston Huey, AAAS]

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Nature Cardiovascular Research

3_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cardiovascular Research/3_9.png

C

Leukocytes and cardiac electrical storm The cover image features original ECG traces from the STORM mice, in which ventricular tachycardia occurs owing to hypokalemia and acute myocardial infarction. Using this new model of non-genetic, spontaneous arrhythmia, Grune et al. show that leukocytes regulate the arrhythmia burden, and that immune cell dysfunction elicits an electrical storm and sudden cardiac death. See Grune et al. and News & Views by Nicolás-Ávila and Hidalgo Image: Jana Grune, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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The Lands and Seas of the Planet Heart Koenig et al. present a comprehensive cellular atlas of healthy and failing human hearts, based on single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing of cardiac biopsies from 45 individuals. See Koenig et al. Image: Andrew Koenig. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Histone H1.0 links cell mechanics to chromatin structure Hu et al. describe how histone H1.0 regulates cellular responses to mechanical stimulation, inducing myofibroblast activation in the heart and linking force generation to nuclear organization and gene transcription. See Hu et al. Image: Todd H. Kimball, PhD, UCLA/UNC Chapel Hill. Cover design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Reaching out The cover image of our first issue is a wool artwork entitled ‘Reach’, created by contemporary British artist Sarah Vaci. Reflecting the originality and courage of the artwork, Nature Cardiovascular Research aims to bring together the cardiovascular and blood community, and promote, champion and disseminate inspiring, thought-provoking and original research. Image: Sarah Vaci. Cover Design: Bethany Vukomanovic

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Immunity

57_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Immunity/57_1.png

B

On the cover: The protagonist of the special feature in this issue of Immunity is the regulatory T cell (played by the policeman on the cover). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been under intense scrutiny because of their potent ability to suppress (depicted by the action of the policeman and the red stop symbol) the activity of other cells and hence regulate immune responses such as those that could promote autoimmunity. Recent advances and outstanding issues include an understanding of the molecular regulation of Foxp3, which is the key transcription factor for the Treg cell lineage (Josefowicz and Rudensky, pages 616–625), the developmental and functional differences between thymic-derived and periphery-induced Treg cells (Curotto de Lafaille and Lafaille, pages 626–635), the mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo (Shevach, pages 636–645), the plasticity of these cells and hence the stability of this lineage (Zhou et al., pages 646–655), and finally, their therapeutic potential in the clinic (Riley et al., page 656–665). Waldmann and Cobbold (pages 613–615) provide an overview by relating these challenging subjects to transplantation tolerance. Artwork by Paul Gilligan. Printed with permission from Getty Images.

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On the cover: MacDonald et al. investigate the role of synovial tissue (ST) myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) in health, active, and remission stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identifying functional features of distinct ST-DCs that provide insight into the roles of these cells in immune tolerance and disease. The discovery process is illustrated as a team of archaeologists uncovering the intricate patterns of a mosaic floor in an ancient Roman house (domus romana). Diverse DC and T cell populations are depicted as colorful tiles forming patterns in the ST (mosaic floor) atop the bloodstream (central heating system, hypocaustum) from which DCs infiltrate the ST, determining the three conditions: health, disease, and remission. Illustration by Art&Science: Dorotea Fracchiolla.

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On the cover: 2019 marks the 25th anniversary of Immunity. The cover for this anniversary issue was designed to celebrate our authors, reviewers, and readers and was created with photos submitted by immunology labs from around the world (download the high-resolution image here). These photos, along with information about each lab, are compiled in a companion website (https://www.cell.com/immunity/community) that we hope will serve as a resource to foster connections within the immunology community. We thank all of the labs that participated in this effort—it has been fun! In this issue, we also present to you fourteen commissioned reviews on the theme of cytokines. These articles highlight the progress made in both the understanding of these fundamental effectors of immunity and the translation of these insights into the clinic. Cover design by Kavitha Scranton.

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On the cover: 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of Immunity! To celebrate this milestone with the immunology community, we hosted an open call for cover submissions for our special anniversary issue and are grateful to have received beautiful and creative submissions from across the globe! The winning design featured on the cover of this anniversary issue was designed by Yun Hsuan Elena Lin, a PhD candidate in the laboratory of Dr. John Chang at the University of Californa, San Diego. In her illustration, immune cells are depicted as flowers flourishing from vases in the shape of the number 30. The stalks of the flowers are comprised of DNA, RNA, mitochondria, antibodies, blood vessels, lymphatics, neuronal and glial cells, microbes, and more, highlighting advances in immunology research over the past decades. Model organisms populate the image as well, recognizing their key contributions in driving substantial advances in human immunology. The bouquet captures the diversity of immunological research published by Immunity, painted over a backdrop of dawn that symbolizes the exciting discoveries to come. In this issue, we present a collection of review and perspective articles on innate immunity with a focus on pattern recognition. Rather than recognizing unique aspects of a pathogen, the innate immune system uses families of receptors that recognize shared features of potential threats to the host. Likewise, sensing of endogenous molecular patterns enables maintenance of health. Throughout this collection of articles, we explore the latest understanding of how the innate immune system evolved to ensure that the body responds appropriately to the myriad of microbes in the environment while maintaining regulation of homeostatic functions, how these mechanisms can go awry in disease, and the prospects for harnessing these insights into the development of new therapies.

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ACS Applied Bio Materials

2024_4

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_4.png

C

In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.

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The cover art depicts the photoresponsive conjugated polymer materials for applications in cell imaging, photodynamic therapy of cancer, and bioelectronic devices in a combined platform. Functionalization of the donor−acceptor-type polymer with a specific cellular targeting unit leads to uptake into tumor cell for fluorescent imaging. The photoresponsive polymer material could sensitize the molecular oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species leading to tumor cell death, while polymer materials can be modified to electrolytes to build up bioelectronic devices used for improving biocatalysis (photolysis of water to oxygen) and photoelectric conversion.

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Green electricity is harvested from split black gram based triboelectric nanogenerators, powering autonomous lighting systems and portable electronics. Split black gram's abundance, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly properties make it an optimal choice for sustainable energy production, addressing environmental concerns associated with conventional TENG fabrication using synthetic materials. Cover is generated by an AI drawing tool

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The cover image depicts the semiconducting oligomer amphiphiles (OPV-PEG)-based activatable nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of biothiols. OPV-PEG is composed of a hydrophobic semiconducting segment that serves as both the signal source and the sensing moiety for biothiols, and the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains to provide the water-solubility. OPV-PEG can self-assemble with a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer to emit both NIR fluorescence and afterglow luminescence. In the presence of biothiols in living animals, the NIR fluorescence of this nanoprobe is turned on, but the afterglow signal remains the same, which permits precise tracking of the probe location while detecting biothiols.

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NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

25_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

‘Cell–cell junctions and tissue mechanics’, inspired by the Review on p252 Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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‘Blooming lncRNAs’, inspired by the Consensus Statement on p430. Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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‘The universe of biomolecular condensates’, inspired by the theme of this focus issue: phase separation in biology. Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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G-quadruplex structures in DNA and RNA are linked with gene regulation and genome instability, and could serve as therapeutic targets in cancer. To learn about their diverse functions, read the Review by Balasubramanian and colleagues. Cover design: Vicky Summersby

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ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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C

Welcome to the inaugural issue of ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, an international forum for cutting-edge original research in all areas of agricultural science, technology, and engineering. The journal welcomes submissions across fundamental and applied research in agricultural sciences.

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As shown in our cover, different light intensities have different effects on rice, and medium light intensity can obviously prevent chlorosis of rice. This is of great importance for the factory cultivation of rice seedlings.

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The porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip has high sensitivity, good stability, and outstanding enhancement factors, with a variety of application prospects. It includes the high-sensitivity detection of pesticide residues, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran, enabling the differentiation of biomolecules. In the cover image, the use of the porous silicon carbide SERS microfluidic chip is proposed for detection of pesticide residues on rapeseed surfaces, such as carbendazim and dinotefuran. The practical application scenario of the SERS microfluidic chip for rapid, efficient, high-sensitivity, and high-throughput substance differentiation detection is described.

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DsCER26 may be a novel genetic resource for improving rice dehydration tolerance without impacting grain nutrition. View the article.

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Nature Sustainability

7_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

Mitigation shortfalls in mining Sustainable mining relies on vigorous and comprehensive mitigation strategies; however, two studies in this issue show that these measures are falling short. Among artisanal and often illegal mining operations in the Amazon, Fritz et al. demonstrate that while mercury retorts reduce losses, the amount of mercury and CO2 emissions into the environment remains substantial. Globally, Aska et al. draw attention to the number of mine tailing facilities contained within or near the boundaries of protected areas, posing a potential hazard for regional biodiversity. See Fritz et al. and Aska et al. Image: Mario Schmidt, Pforzheim University. Cover Design: Alex Whitworth.

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Tropical forest carbon loss Tropical forests store huge reserves of carbon but are under growing assault. Using satellite data, Zeng and colleagues show that annual carbon loss in tropical forests more than doubled between 2001 and 2019. Agricultural activities are driving most of this loss. See Feng et al. Image: LeoFFreitas / Moment / Getty. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Human activity and landslide risk in Africa Population pressure and land-use change affect landslide risk. Depicker and colleagues analyse the impact of population dynamics, conflicts and deforestation on landslide risk in the Kivu Rift region (pictured), Eastern Africa. See Depickeret al. Image: Dr. Olivier Dewitte, Royal Museum for Central Africa. Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Potential of uncontested lands Restoring degraded landscapes for conservation purposes can involve transaction costs to acquire the land in the first place. McDonald-Madden and colleagues propose a framework for prioritizing uncontested lands that can provide ecosystem services without those costs. See McDonald-Madden et al. Image: Asa Rodger/Unsplash. Cover Design: David Shand.

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Crystal Growth & Design

2024_22

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

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A

A three-step bending of a 7-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin crystal upon UV light irradiation from one side of the crystal: First the crystal shows the action away from the light source, then toward the incident light, and finally again away from the light source. The motion is driven by the photodimerization and amorphization.

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An Fmoc-CF hydrogel incorporated inside a lysozyme crystal is able to protect the enzyme molecules from the radicals generated by X-rays during data collection avoiding local radiation damage (Cryst. Growth Des. 2019, 19, 4229–4233).

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The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds

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The {10–10} growth sectors of hexagonal ʟ-cystine crystal capture a tailor-made additive, ʟ-cystine dimethylester, with remarkable fidelity so that the additive molecules in each growth sector have the same preferred orientation with respect to the growth face orientation. This leads to desymmetrization of the crystal structure and anomalous birefringence in the (0001) plane, apparent from the false color map that shows different orientations of the larger refractive index in six {10–10} growth sectors.

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ACS Sustainable Resource Management

2024_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Sustainable Resource Management/2024_2.png

A

A simple process using membrane distillation by gas–liquid exchange successfully removed tritiated water (HTO) from HTO-containing water. The gas–liquid exchange occurred in each glass fiber filter through the reflux behavior of HTO vapor. The ratio of HTO in water was reduced to about 12 ± 0.3% from that of the original HTO-containing water.

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The significance of AI in shaping a sustainable future is undeniable. Thus, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering and ACS Sustainable Resource Management encourage research articles and perspectives on the application of advanced technologies, which includes AI, for the development of sustainable chemical and engineering systems and resource management.

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The cover depicts a tailored delivery of metal-based nanofertilizers with ionic liquids for enhanced efficiency and reduced metal ion accumulation.

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Valorization of mining waste into sustainable building materials for heavy metals immobilization. View the article.

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.png

D

Lemon juice, a readily available and biodegradable natural substance, was used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) in one step by a microflow approach. The derived CDs

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2O4 Octahedrons” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04445); and W. Li et al., “Anisotropic Turbulent Mass Transfer Model and Its Application to a Gas-Particle Bubbling Fluidized Bed” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03715)

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Schematic diagram of photogenerated electron transfer mechanism of tetracycline degradation by

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This study presents a novel

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_10.txt

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Crystal Growth & Design

2024_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.png

A

Polycrystalline Ge is a leading candidate as a channel material for next-generation thin-film transistors; however, randomly existing grain boundaries have degraded device characteristics.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_10.txt

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With the exploration of tyramine's role as a prolific coformer, this study delves into its extensive co-crystallization capabilities with diverse acids, analyzing crystal structures and electron density to uncover the key factors driving its versatility in multicomponent crystal formation.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2025_4.txt

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The cover shows two conformers of resorcinol and a single crystal of resorcinol polymorphs α grown in a high-pressure diamond-anvil cell. Resorcinol polymorphs were determined in the 1930s, but their metastable phases, symmetry, and densities have remained puzzling. The high-pressure structures reveal the mechanism destabilizing polymorphs α and β, involving the molecular conformation and directions of hydrogen bonds

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supramolecular polymeric motifs are combined in one crystal to produce the platforms for multimodal thermally tuned blue-to-green and/or NIR photoluminescence. The background of the cover image was generated by artificial intelligence (AI) using Microsoft Copilot.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Crystal Growth & Design/2024_4.txt

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Nature Physics

20_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_11.png

B

Glassy learning The physics that underlies the glass transition is both subtle and non-trivial. A machine learning approach based on graph networks is now shown to accurately predict the dynamics of glasses over a wider range of temperature, pressure and density. See Bapst et al. Image: DeepMind Technologies Limited. Cover Design: David Shand

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Emergent higher orders The dynamics of complex systems are often modelled using low-rank matrices, but the formal validity of this method has not yet been confirmed. Thibeault et al. present an analysis of random networks and real-world data that sheds light on this low-rank hypothesis and its implications. See Thibeault et al. and Gao Image: Myriam Thibeault and Vincent Thibeault, Université Laval. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.

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Spinning swimmers A particle rotating in a fluid generates vorticity around itself. Panyu Chen and co-workers show how the dynamics of a collection of such spinners suspended in a liquid can display flocking and three-dimensional active chirality. See Chen et al. Image: Hubert Gao, Panyu Chen, IrvineLab. Cover design: Laoise Mac Gabhann

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When networks get real Combining concepts from knot theory and statistical mechanics leads to a method for distinguishing between physical networks with identical wiring but different layouts. See Barabási et al. IMAGE: Alice Grishchenko. COVER DESIGN: Allen Beattie

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Nature Physics

20_10

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_10.png

B

Braided anyons An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions. Manfra, Article IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.

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Universal dynamics out of equilibrium The dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium is a field of study that pertains to many situations, including ultracold atoms, quantum spin magnets, and quark–gluon matter. Here, magnetization measurements in a spinor atomic gas show a way to classify universal dynamics based on symmetry and topology. See Huh et al. and Prüfer Image: Jae-yoon Choi, KAIST and Koushik Mukherjee, Lund University. Cover Design: Amie Fernandez.

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A multitude of Coulomb phases Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments show that the partially disordered material CsNiCrF6 supports multiple Coulomb phases with structural and magnetic properties dictated by the underlying local gauge symmetry. See Fennell et al. Image: Peter Conlon. Cover Design: David Shand.

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Odd viscosity A chiral fluid comprising spinning colloidal magnets exhibits macroscopic dynamics reminiscent of the free surface flows of Newtonian fluids, together with unique features suggestive of Hall—or odd—viscosity. See Irvine et al. Image: Vishal Soni, Ephraim Bililign, Sofia Magkiriadou, University of Chicago. Cover Design: David Shand

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ACS Energy Letters

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.png

D

Photocatalytic water splitting is a potential means for producing clean and renewable hydrogen as a storable energy carrier. This Perspective introduces recent advances of photocatalysts for overall water splitting. This Perspective also addresses the challenges of overall system design intended for large-scale operation under sunlight.

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The cover illustrates one potential mechanism for the influence of a nonthermal plasma on the catalytic conversion of molecular nitrogen to ammonia. Electron scattering off of dinitrogen induces vibrational "ladder climbing" that lowers the effective activation barrier for dissociation at a catalyst surface, enabling ammonia to be produced at conditions much less severe than conventional thermal catalytic processes. The associated Review discusses the evidence for this and other molecular-level phenomena at play in nonthermal-plasma-promoted catalytic transformations of robust chemical bonds.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2019_8.txt

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2019_8.txt

A collage of perovskite covers featured in previous issues of ACS Energy Letters. To commemorate ten years of perovskite photovoltaics, researchers from around the world tell their own stories and how they became interested in perovskite research. Cover art in the collage appeared on the following covers: Top row, left to right: 2016, 1 (6); 2018, 3 (8); 2017, 2 (5) Middle row, left to right: 2017, 2 (12); 2017, 2 (4); 2017, 2 (11) Bottom row, left to right: 2017, 2 (7); 2018, 3 (9); Suppl. cover art 2019, 4 (1)

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2019_9.txt

the most recent approaches to avoid pretreatment with particular emphasis on innovative configurations of well-established industrial electrolyzers and new original approaches.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Energy Letters/2024_6.txt

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Accounts of Chemical Research

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.png

D

The cover represents a simple alcohol in the background, which is transformed selectively into the functionalized molecule shown in the foreground through a series of CH functionalization reactions of the type discussed in this issue. Concept by Michael Doyle with graphics and design by Lufeng Zou and Amy Phifer. View the article.

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Armed with a toolbox of host and guests, along with some Coulombic interactions and hydrogen bonds, molecular frameworks can be assembled in a variety of ways. See Adachi and Ward, DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00360. Molecules adapted and reproduced from: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (9), 3386−3392. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13 (9), 3018−3031. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10 (12), 4159−4168. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society. Image of toolbox: Macrovector/Shutterstock.com.

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Fluctuating thermodynamics, as depicted conceptually on the cover, can offer a general framework for obtaining thermodynamic quantities at various snapshots during fluctuating processes in aqueous environments. See Song-Ho Chong and Sihyun Ham (DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00032). Photograph of film image © typomaniac. Photograph of water images © marucyan and © sakura at fotolia.com.

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Wireless magnetoelectric neural stimulator next to a blueberry to demonstrate miniaturization.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Accounts of Chemical Research/2024_5.txt

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ACS Applied Nano Materials

2025_7

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.png

A

Gold nanoclusters embedded in cross-linked lysozyme crystals exhibit enzyme activity that depends on available diffusion channels and solvent accessibility. When the morphology allows efficient diffusion, gold nanoclusters with lysozyme can serve as tandem catalysts, functioning as both peroxidase and hydrolytic enzymes, showcasing their potential in diverse catalytic applications.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2025_7.txt

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This cover art illustrates the synergy of Ni–Co nanoclusters encapsulated within ZSM-5 via in situ two-step hydrothermal synthesis, enhancing stability and performance in alkaline ethanol oxidation. The NiCo@ZSM-5/AC-D2S hybrid minimizes metal agglomeration, while the porous ZSM-5/AC structure ensures conductivity and reactant penetration for superior catalytic activity.

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The cover art represents the high heat release of metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived MgO@nanoporous carbon (NC) upon hydration. MOF-derived MgO@NC exhibits greater heat release compared to commercially available MgO because of its large surface area and homogeneous distribution of nanometer-sized MgO particles in the NC matrix. Therefore, this novel material is proposed to be an efficient thermal storage material for the integration of renewable energy.

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The cover graphics illustrate the encapsulation of a fluorescein guest molecule by a nanoporous ZIF‑8 framework to achieve light-emissive nanoparticles (represented by the faceted polyhedrons). The lamp represents an irradiation source for converting ultraviolet light into a tunable white light by harnessing the fluorescein@ZIF‑8 nanoparticles.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/ACS Applied Nano Materials/2021_3.txt

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innovation

5_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/innovation/5_1.png

C

On the cover: Nourished by the gigantic data and empowered by increasing computing facilities, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is setting us free from many burdensome routines. With AI muscles, we have become faster and smarter than ever. AI is reshaping the future of industries and our lives, enabling paradigm shifts in many disciplines of science and even paving the road to the metaverse. But scientists are still facing endless choices to navigate their innovation processes as previously. Meanwhile, collaborations are urgently needed amongst researchers from multidisciplinary studies. So we do hope the shared values of truth, righteousness, and peace can be cherished deeply to make our blue planet a better place for the whole ecosystem.

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On the cover: The pace of science and technology is accelerating, and the future is arriving quickly. During the great process of reaching the future, the now highly comprehensive and interdisciplinary network of science, so-called “ScienceX” by The Innovation, plays a more important role than ever before. We believe the development of interdisciplinary science and technology concerns our destiny in the coming future.

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On the cover: The history of pig domestication is fascinating and closely connected to agriculture and biomedicine. Throughout history, pigs have primarily been raised for meat purposes, featured in various popular cuisines worldwide. Advancements in gene editing technologies have facilitated the rapid development of genetically modified pigs. For biomedical purposes, researchers can create pig models that accurately mimic human diseases by introducing targeted genetic modifications, thereby enhancing the understanding of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapies. Nowadays, genetically modified pigs are being explored as potential organ donors for xenotransplantation.

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On the cover: Humans have created civilization, promoting history moving in a spiral. Emerging theories and technologies bring development and prosperity, but with emergent global challenges. Today, we are witnessing the beginning of a new era, which is dominated by artificial intelligence. We have never been as eager for innovation as we are today, in order to explore the future of science.

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Macromolecules

2024_5

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Macromolecules/2024_5.png

D

On the cover: Macroscopically aligned helical polyacetylene film was synthesized through acetylene polymerization under monodomain structured chiral nematic liquid crystal reaction field with applied magnetic field of 5 T. See page 5943. View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2010_11.txt

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On the cover: The delicate interplay of structure and dynamics in macromolecular and supramolecular systems leads to increasing complexity and functionality. This poses considerable challenges for their physical characterization. No experimental or theoretical/simulation approach alone can provide complete information. Instead, a combination of techniques is called for, and conclusions should be supported by results provided by as many complementary methods as possible. See p 5479. View the article.

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Self-immolative polymers provide an opportunity for controlled deconstruction of macromolecular architectures in response to environmental stimuli. See page 7317. View the article.

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An autoencoder-based classifier recognizes early crystalline nuclei formed during a molecular dynamics cooling cycle. The decision boundary between crystalline and amorphous phases is identified autonomously within the conformation space

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Macromolecules/2024_5.txt

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Trends in Immunology

45_12

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Immunology/45_12.png

D

Central to survival is the ability to sense, interpret and respond to stimuli from the environment, largely the work of the nervous and immune systems. In this Special Issue, Trends in Immunology explores how these neuroimmune interactions build and maintain system homeostasis, and influence what happens in disease. Cover image by Avi Friedlich based on a fluorescence micrograph of immune cells in the meningeal lymphatics of a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, generously supplied by Jonathan Kipnis and Antoine Louveau. An assembly of dot-plots generated from the DNA sequence of the CD4 gene was repeatedly rotated in space, and the resulting image was layered on the micrograph, with adjustments for size and color. You can see more art by Avi at http://www.behance.net/friedlich.

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In addition to other themes, this issue comprises reviews and opinion articles on human immune responses against infections (such as SARS-CoV-2), including aspects of evolution, natural resistance, and vaccination. On pages 117–131, Graham et al. present a view on how evolutionary immunology can help predict how immune systems balance the benefits of host defense against its costs, aiming to help explain the occurrence of maladaptive immunopathology. Image credit: yomogi1/iStock/Getty Images Plus.

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Recent large scale studies have highlighted the variability of immune responses in humans. On pages 637–646, Liston et al. review the nature of these variations and the potential contributing factors. Cover image adapted from istockphoto, credit elenabs.

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The image is a photograph of Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat). A couple of articles in this issue discuss the importance of better understanding bat immunity to elucidate bat–human host interactions, extrapolate knowledge of bat immunity to that of humans, as well as the translational potential of these comparisons. Mossman and colleagues review the spillover of viruses from bats to humans and the novel technologies discerning the factors driving virus and host coevolution; Banerjee and colleagues propose that research in bat immunity can lead to translational approaches to improve human health. Image credit: Brock Fenton and Sherri Fenton.

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ACS Chemical Biology

2024_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Chemical Biology/2024_3.png

B

The cover art illustrates the contribution of the non-covalent scaffold and the reactive warhead on the target engagement of covalent inhibitors as exemplified by covalent KRas G12C inhibitors. The background shows their target KRas G12C in a cellular environment approached by inhibitors representing different scaffold–warhead combinations.

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Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lmat) is widely tested as an anticancer vaccine. Here, we use click chemistry to functionalize the Lmat cell wall and turn the bacterium into an “intelligent carrier” of the doxorubicin chemotherapeutic drug. Doxorubicin-loaded Lmat

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DOI: 10.1021/cb1003652) reveal the biosynthetic pathway of a key autoinducer, CAI-1 associated with the life cycle and virulence of human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. Cover art designed by Mable Fok.

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This cover highlights the important role of phosphopantetheinylation of carrier protein in natural products biosynthesis, which is uncovered and harnessed by this study to activate cryptic/silenced natural products biosynthesis. Image credit: Benyin Zhang

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

2025_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry/2025_1.png

D

Coarse cereals are an essential component of the dietary structure. This review discusses the interactions between coarse cereals and gut microbiota to provide a new viewpoint regarding the nutritional value of coarse cereals, and may help promote the rapid discovery, classification, and evaluation of coarse cereals resources.

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The content and degree of polymerization of fructans naturally vary among the most commonly consumed wheat species, which can affect the nutritional quality of our diets.

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This cover highlights the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crops, emphasizing that, through genetic modification, these bacteria can provide crops with an increased source of nitrogen. It depicts a scene of a green wheat field adjacent to a patch of yellow soil. Within the wheat field, a plant is illustrated with red lines extending from its roots into the soil, symbolizing the process of nutrient absorption. The text "NH4+" on the image further underscores the focus on nitrogen, emphasizing the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in enhancing crop nutrition through genetic engineering. Additionally, it is worth noting that the partial elements of this cover were created using an Artificial Intelligence-based image generation tool named "Doubao".

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Microorganisms secrete siderophores to acquire iron. Streptomyces, the well-known strains producing numerous metabolites, also produce a rich variety of siderophores with diverse structures that play important roles in many fields. This review provides an overview of the classification, structure, biosynthesis and applications of siderophores produced by Streptomyces,

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Nature Cities

1_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Cities/1_1.png

D

Port city pollution Air pollution from the shipping industry is a problem in coastal cities. This study finds that although small-particulate pollution has fallen in China’s port cities, such as Tianjin (pictured), due to shipping emissions reductions, mortality associated with long-term exposure has risen. See Luo et al. Image: DuKai photographer/Moment/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop.

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Cooling from natural areas Overheating of cities is an increasing problem. Cao et al. investigate how neighboring rural land cover can mitigate and absorb urban heat. See Yang et al. Image: Shijie Cao, Southeast University, China. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.

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Not just blowing in the wind Plants find interesting places in cities, with some planted and some establishing on their own. A study by Kun Song and colleagues considers seed-dispersal modes of this latter group in cities in Yunnan Province, China, and finds that dispersal by self-propulsion and dispersal by animals are more common than by wind, and all are much more common than by water. See Song et al. Image: Zhiwen Gao, East China Normal University. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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Navigating the waters Water may be unchanging, but the cities through which water flows are not. An I and the City by Lu considers how Suzhou has changed around the Xiangxi River and the value of conserving historic identities. All cities straddle a broader reality, navigating political waters that can be as turbulent as physical ones. See Lu Image: Kan wang/Moment/Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry A

2025_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.png

A

Collage of artwork from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. Background: Impact of Halogen Termination and Chain Length on π-Electron Conjugation and Vibrational Properties of Halogen-Terminated Polyynes (J. Phys. Chem. A 2024, 128 (14), 2703–2716. DOI:

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry A/2025_8.txt

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New tools and methods for both experimental and theoretical physical chemistry are showcased in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. These advances address topics covered by all three part– A, B, and C–of the Journal. This cover features art from recent articles that are showcased in this

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Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI:

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2020_19.txt

Collage of cover art from recent issues of J. Phys. Chem. A. (Top left) Mechanism of the Chemiluminescent Reaction between Nitric Oxide and Ozone (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (4), 715–722. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08812), (Top center) Accurate Prediction of Bond Dissociation Energies and Barrier Heights for High-Energy Caged Nitro and Nitroamino Compounds Using a Coupled Cluster Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (23), 4883–4890. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01506), (Top right) Ionic Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in the Gas Phase Association of Acetonitrile and Acetone with Halogenated Benzene Cations (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (7), 1363–1371. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09094), (Bottom left) Shedding Light on the Dark Corners of Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films: Growth and Structural Stability of ZIF-8 Layers Probed by Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (5), 1100–1109. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09610, (Bottom center) Stereodynamic Imaging of Bromine Atomic Photofragments Eliminated from 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane Oriented via Hexapole State Selector (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (31), 6635–6644. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04048) , (Bottom right) New Developments in Semiclassical Transition-State Theory (J. Phys. Chem. A 2019, 123 (22), 4639–4657. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01987).

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Organic Letters

2025_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Organic Letters/2025_2.png

B

A dearomative [2 + 1]-annulation of anisole allows for a rapid synthesis of easily diversifiable chiral diene ligands. As the benzenoid precursor becomes a complex three-dimensional scaffold, Kekulé's snake coils in response. The cover art was conceptualized and designed as a collaboration between Charlotte Johnson, Evan Crawford, and Jeffrey Johnson.

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As the Lunar New Year in the Year of the Snake approached, we developed a method for the addition of Grignard reagents to pillar[4]arene[1]benzoquinone monoxime, enabling the functionalization of pillar[4]arene derivatives. This evoked imagery of the snake, sleek, slithering, and symbolic of intuition, transformation, and growth in Chinese culture, bringing good fortune to the chemists who orchestrated this magical transformation from substrate to diverse products.

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The first issue of Organic Letters published on July 15, 1999, launching what has become the highest impact communications journal in the field of organic chemistry. After publishing nearly 30,000 Letters, Org. Lett. has spent the past year celebrating its Platinum 20th Anniversary. As the celebratory year comes to a close, the journal salutes the many editors, authors, and reviewers who have led to this success story with a Virtual Issue featuring the most-read (downloaded) Letter published each year so far, 1999–2018. Editor-in-Chief Erick M. Carreira introduces the Virtual Issue with a brief editorial published in the current issue, which features Nobel Laureate Professor E. J. Corey of Harvard University on the cover. Prof. Corey received the Nobel Prize in 1990. His subsequent work has often appeared on the pages of Organic Letters–the Corey group has published 80 Letters over the journal's first 20 years, including two in the first issue. The cover includes a “platinum” image of Prof. Corey surrounded by selected structures featured in several of these Letters. Prof. Corey continues to express his enthusiasm and the journal's optimism for organic chemistry: “One of my hopes is that progress in chemical synthesis and the understanding of its underlying science will continue far into the future”. View the Virtual Issue 20 Years of Organic Letters: A Platinum Anniversary Collector's Edition.

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The cover art depicts a photoredox-based oxidative heterocoupling of enolsilanes, enabling the synthesis of dicarbonyl compounds using oxygen as the environmentally friendly oxidant. The iconic building of Peking University serves as a metaphorical "light source", illuminating the development pathway of eco-friendly chemical synthesis methods that contribute to our urban sustainability goals.

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NATURE GENETICS

56_11

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/NATURE GENETICS/56_11.png

D

This issue features epigenetic analysis of cell commitment at many levels in mammalian genomes: during early embryonic development, in stem cells, and in cancer cells. These studies provide fundamental insight into the functional consequences of genome variation. On the cover: Red-tailed black cockatoo feathers (tonysartandnature.com). See Editorial. Image: Tony Cunningham. Cover Design: Erin Dewalt.

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Coffea arabica diversification history Genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors provide insights into diversification history. See Salojärvi et al. Image: Amanda van der Sijs/500px/Getty. Cover design: Tulsi Voralia

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Mendel and memories In celebration of the 200th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s birth and the 30th anniversary of the launch of Nature Genetics, we look both forwards and backwards at how far the genetics field has come. This cover image is inspired by the cover of the first issue of Nature Genetics in 1992. Image and Cover Design: Valentina Monaco.

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Skin pigmentation diversity in Africans Characterization of functional variants associated with skin pigmentation in ethnically diverse Africans elucidates their regulatory effect on melanin levels and identifies CYB561A3 as a regulator of pigmentation. See Feng et al. Image: Hadynyah/E+/Getty. Cover Design: Tulsi Voralia.

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Biomacromolecules

2024_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Biomacromolecules/2024_8.png

C

A highly fluorinated collagen model peptide using C(5)-substituted proline analogues for the first time. Triple helix assembly is demonstrated in solution, in agreement with extensive MD analysis.

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Exploring novel natural cryoprotectant and its antifreeze mechanism allows the rational design of future sustainable antifreeze analogs. The current study isolated different antifreeze polysacchar

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/Biomacromolecules/2024_6.txt

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An investigation of methods to engineer the porosity of smart poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels for use as VOC-sensing elements in gaseous environments: The use of a porogen (polyethylene glycol) and freeze-drying procedures is crucial for achieving stable porous structures. The approach can be applied to other hydrogel materials and, therefore, can contribute to the expansion of use cases toward gaseous environments.

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The repair of articular cartilage defects is a challenge in the orthopedic clinic. In this review, we summarize the development of thermosensitive hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds accompanied with cells and cartilaginous factors for cartilage regeneration, and further propose the potential challenges and future perspectives. Image courtesy of Jianxun Ding. View the article.

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ACS Applied Bio Materials

2024_6

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/ACS Applied Bio Materials/2024_6.png

D

The cover graphic depicts the creation of novel light-responsive, self-assembled micelles via ultrasensitive photo-reversible cycloaddition reactions; this breakthrough in the development of stimuli-responsive block copolymers may enable significant advances in biomaterials and drug delivery. These newly developed polymeric micelles exhibit a number of unique amphiphilic characteristics including extremely high micellar stability, rapid and ultrasensitive light-responsive properties, and tunable drug-loading capacity and drug release profiles. Importantly, the drug-loaded micelles exhibit highly stable drug entrapment in serum-containing media for prolonged periods of time, undergo controlled cellular uptake, and, after short-term UV irradiation, substantially improve the safety and effectiveness of chemotherapy in vitro.

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In this special issue, guest editors Dr. Md Nurunnabi and Dr. Ryan M. Pearson highlight 15 papers on the latest developments in the field of biomaterials research for immune and gene delivery applications. Front cover art by the team of INMYWORK Studio.

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A series of biocompatible nanocarriers (PCNCs) stabilized by a blend of lipid-based surface-active ionic liquid and Tween-80 are reported on the transdermal delivery of antigenic protein (ovalbumin) for tumor immunotherapy

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A dual-mode biosensor has been introduced in this work, which can form a sandwich structure comprising CdSeS and Au-N,S-GQD nanocomposites, in the presence of the target antigen of NoV-LP. Upon formation of the sandwich structure, fluorescence quenching and an increase in impedance were observed, depending on the concentration of target VLPs.

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

2025_3

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2025_3.png

C

The cover artwork illustrates the remarkable synthesis scalability and processing of some species of

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have potential towards a highly active and selective electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). We designed a new

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2024_19.txt

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2024_19.txt

Designing self-illuminating photocatalysts for next-generation lithium-oxygen batteries: Enhancing photo-assisted energy storage with persistent overpotential reduction, stable performance under intermittent illumination, and promising applications in space exploration and energy systems for low-light environments.

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Machine Learning in Physical Chemistry Virtual Issue View the article.

MAC_Bench/ACS/Story/The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters/2020_4.txt

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Trends in Ecology & Evolution

40_2

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Trends in Ecology & Evolution/40_2.png

C

‘Key innovations’ are phenotypic traits that permit evolutionary shifts into previously inaccessible ecological spheres. On pages 122–131, Aryeh Miller and colleagues discuss the history of the term and clarify the relationship between key innovations and adaptive radiation. They provide an analytic framework to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics of many putative key innovations. The cover image shows Graham’s anole (Anolis grahami); the evolution of adhesive toepads in this group of arboreal lizards has provided evolutionary access to the arboreal zone. Photo credit: Day’s Edge Productions.

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The tracking or biologging of individual animals often involves capture and is difficult to scale. On pp. 417–427 of this issue, Anthony Dell and colleagues discuss the implications of automated image-based tracking for ecology, in particular the prospect of a better understanding of the linkage between individual behaviour and higher-level ecological processes. The cover shows the tracks of an individual beetle in a petri dish captured with EthoVision XT 10, a procedure that can be very easily scaled up to large arrays. (Image courtesy of Noldus Information Technology bv, Wageningen, The Netherlands.)

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Ethanol is present in many wild fruits, saps, and nectars. Moderate ethanol intake is associated with nutritional, medicinal, and cognitive benefits, but many of these remain understudied for non-human species in natural contexts. On pages 67–79 Anna Bowland and colleagues discuss explanations for ethanol consumption that span both nutritional and non-nutritional reasons and explore potential medicinal value or cognitive effects. The cover image shows an adult female chimpanzee Pan troglodytes verus selecting and feeding on the ripe fruits of Ficus umbellata at Bossou, Republic of Guinea. Photo credit: Cyril Ruoso.

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As their ease of use increases and their cost declines, modern technologies are being increasingly used to study organisms and habitats. On pp. 685–696 of this issue, Stuart Pimm and colleagues discuss the opportunities and challenges this represents for conservation. Cover image by Richard Bergl.

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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

2024_48

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/ACS/Cover/Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research/2024_48.png

B

Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: J. Li et al., “Porous Metallosalen Hypercrosslinked Ionic Polymers for Cooperative CO2 Cycloaddition Conversion” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05304); A. Ateka et al., “Strategies for the Intensification of CO2 Valorization in the One-Step Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Process” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05749); and Y. Zhang et al., “Efficient SO2 Removal Using a Microporous Metal−Organic Framework with Molecular Sieving Effect” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06040).

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The hydroisomerization of n-heptane on Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst takes place on Lewis and Brönsted acid sites, which synergistically convert the intermediate carbocations into branched C7-paraffins, thus contributing to the production of high-octane gasoline. Single-event kinetic modeling of the isomerization and cracking reactions has been used to elucidate the reaction mechanism.

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Graphics used on this cover have been selected from the following highlighted papers: R. Belen Menendez et al., “Sorption-Enhanced Ethanol Steam Reforming Process in a Fixed-Bed Reactor” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01657); and D. A. Maffra, “Evaluation of Barium Sulfate Scale Inhibition Using Relative Permeability Modifier Polymers as Adsorption Enhancer for Mature Offshore Well Treatments in Campos Basin, Brazil” (DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01828).

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This Special Issue of I&EC Research honors the contributions of Professor Joan F. Brennecke to the field of chemical engineering and environmental separation processes using ionic liquids and supercritical fluids.

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Nature Aging

4_9

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Aging/4_9.png

D

FOXO and persistent chromatin remodeling In this study, Martínez Corrales, Li and colleagues demonstrate that activation of the conserved pro-longevity transcription factor dFOXO solely in youth can trigger chromatin remodeling and transcriptional memory to curtail later-life mortality in female fruit flies. The cover image represents a female fly that survived to the very old age of 100 days owing to dFOXO activation. See Martínez Corrales et al. Cover image: Nazif Alic, University College London. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop

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Aging in unity The cover image of Nature Aging’s first issue illustrates the notion that aging concerns everyone, pointing to the need for social unity and joined research endeavors to solve issues and seize opportunities associated with human aging. Our first issue features research and opinion articles authored by biologists, clinicians, social scientists and civil society and industry leaders that reflect the breadth of our interests, from the intricate details of the core biology of aging to public health and societal questions associated with population aging. See Editorial Image: Smartboy10 / DigitalVisionVectors / Getty. Cover design: Lauren Heslop.

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Mitochondria in the spotlight In this issue, Berry and colleagues use an optogenetics approach to oppose the age-associated decline in the membrane potential of mitochondria with a light-activated proton pump, and show that it increases both the healthspan and lifespan of worms. The issue cover evokes the experimental paradigm used in the study with light being shone onto a mitochondrion, placing the organelle in the spotlight. See Berry et al. Cover image: Sciepro/Science Photo Library/Getty. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop

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mTOR, inflammaging and longevity In this issue, Pingze Zhang et al. reveal that S6K suppression in the fruit-fly fat body mediates the longevity effects of rapamycin, and uncover a sex-dimorphic link through to lysosome morphology and inflammation, via Syntaxin 13. The cover image conceptualizes the link to inflammaging by depicting aged flies as confined to a jar (representing the nuclear localization of the Drosophila NFκB-like transcription factor Relish), emitting brighter light (representing upregulation of inflammatory mediators). See Zhang et al. Image: Bruna Di Giacomo, Independent Artist. Cover Design: Lauren Heslop

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Nature Physics

20_8

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Nature/Cover/Nature Physics/20_8.png

A

Non-classical correlations Quantum devices need to be linked together in such a way that entanglement can be shared between them. Meesala et al. demonstrate a step towards this goal by developing a transducer capable of generating microwave-optical photon pairs that can be used to share non-classical correlations between an optical link and a superconducting quantum device. See Meesala et al. Image: Steven Wood, California Institute of Technology. Cover design: Amie Fernandez

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Topological frequency combs Optical frequency combs are a key technology in communications, sensing and metrology. A theoretical proposal shows that introducing topological principles into their design makes on-chip combs more efficient and robust against fabrication defects. See Mittal et al. and Peano Image: David Lam. Cover Design:Allen Beattie

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Light-induced anomalous Hall effect A transient topological response in graphene is driven by a short pulse of light. When the Fermi energy is in the predicted band gap the Hall conductance is around two conductance quanta. An ultrafast detection technique enables the measurement. See Cavalleri et al. Image: Denis Aumiller. Cover Design: David Shand

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Braided anyons An interferometer device is used to detect the quantum-mechanical phase that is gained when two anyons are braided around each other. The fractional value of the phase proves that these quasiparticles are neither bosons nor fermions. Manfra, Article IMAGE: James Nakamura and Michael Manfra, Purdue University. COVER DESIGN: Alex Wing.

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Cell Genomics

4_1

Which of the following options best describe the cover image?

MAC_Bench/Cell/Cover/Cell Genomics/4_1.png

B

On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Hansen, Fong, et al. identify differences in the activity of human and rhesus macaque gene regulatory elements that result from changes to the sequence vs. changes in the cell environment. Inspired by Andy Warhol's screen prints in which repeated images with variations highlight contrasts not visible in the original image, the cover illustrates the study design in which human and macaque sequence activities are contrasted between human and rhesus macaque backgrounds. The image was created by Tony Capra. The Marilyn Monroe photo is from the public domain, and the rhesus macaque photo is by Charles J. Sharp released under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0).

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On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Huguet et al. present an article focused on the interpretation of the effect size of CNVs on cognitive ability across different gene sets related to brain and non-brain functions. The cover image represents this article. The human genomic sequence is depicted in the background, with blue and red parentheses indicating genomic duplications and deletions, respectively. Circles of corresponding colors show which organ-associated gene sets affect cognitive ability when duplicated or deleted. Therefore, the scale depicts the resulting changes of cognitive ability for a given individual, with the left part showing a decreased cognitive ability. Artist credit: Guillaume Huguet and Thomas Renne, authors on this article, jointly produced the conceptual design of this cover, with Guillaume Huguet completing the graphic illustration.

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On the cover: In this issue of Cell Genomics, Tsui et al. use single gamete (sperm) sequencing to show that it is possible to construct personalized haplotypes from these data. One of the key steps in spermatogenesis, which is relevant to this technique, is meiosis, where chromosomes are shuffled and then segregated. The cover is a fun take on this process and the way that it was used in the study. Created with BioRender.com and Procreate.

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On the cover: The cover is a yeast cell built out of puzzle pieces shaped like chromosomes, relating to seven publications in this issue of Cell Genomics featuring The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) consortium, which has designed and built the first synthetic eukaryotic genome. The medium of the art is living yeast cells genetically engineered to produce pigments naive to other species (bacteria, sea anemone, coral, and jellyfish). The yeast cells are then distributed onto agar plates in predetermined patterns using an acoustic droplet ejection liquid handler and allowed to grow into 24,576 colonies. Artist/source: Aleksandra Wudzinska, Boeke Lab, NYU Langone.

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