michsethowusu/lvl_5_vital_wikipedia_articles_tokenised

id int64 12 75M	title stringlengths 1 85	url stringlengths 31 158	sentence stringlengths 7 3.07k	sentence_number int64 1 1.7k
8,282,374	Tropical cyclone	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20cyclone	Long and irregular shifts may lead to sleep deprivation and fatigue, increasing the risk of injuries, and workers may experience mental stress associated with a traumatic incident.	398
8,282,374	Tropical cyclone	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20cyclone	Additionally, heat stress is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks.	399
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The Ovambo () language is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga.	1
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The native name for the language is Oshiwambo (also written Oshivambo), which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects.	2
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia, particularly by the Ovambo people.	3
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The language is closely related to that of the Herero and Himba, the Herero language (Otjiherero).	4
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names, Proto-Bantu *ki- (class 7, as in the name of the Swahili language, Kiswahili), which in Herero has evolved to Otji- and in Ovambo further to Oshi-.	5
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The population, estimated at between 700,000 and 750,000, fluctuates remarkably.	7
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	This is because of the indiscriminate border drawn up by the Portuguese and German Empires during colonial rule, which cut through the Oukwanyama tribal area, placing some in Angola and others in Namibia.	8
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	This results in regular cross-border movement.	9
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	There are approximately one million Oshiwambo speakers in Namibia and Angola.	10
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	Though it is mainly spoken in the northern regions of Namibia, it is widely spoken across the rest of the country by populations of migrant workers from Ovamboland.	11
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	These workers comprise a large part of the population in many towns, particularly in the south, where there are jobs in the mining industry.	12
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	For example, in Lüderitz, an 18-hour drive from Ovamboland, at least 50% of the population speaks Oshiwambo.	13
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	Despite extensive speculation, their origin remains unknown.	15
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The country was called Ovamboland and Amboland by the German colonial authorities.	16
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	In English, Ovamboland predominates, though Ambo country is sometimes used, and in English publications from Namibia, Owamboland, Wamboland, and Owambo are seen.	17
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The endemic forms are Aawambo (Ndonga) and Ovawambo (Kwanyama); the singular in both cases is Omuwambo.	19
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The language is generally called Ovambo, Ambo, or Oshiwambo in English; the endonym in both standards is Oshiwambo.	20
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The Ovambo now predominantly follow Christian theology, prayer rituals and festivities, but some of the traditional religious practices have continued, such as the use of ritual sacred fire.	22
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	They also invoke their supreme creator Kalunga.	23
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	Thus, the Ovamba have preferred a syncretic form of Christianity and Oshiwambo culture is more dominant in the northern part of the country.	24
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The following table contains the names, areas, dialect names and the locations of the Ovambo tribes according to T. E. Tirronen's Ndonga-English Dictionary.	25
8,283,402	Ovambo language	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language	The table also contains information concerning which noun class of Proto-Bantu the words belong to.	26
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Acrobatic gymnastics is a competitive discipline of gymnastics where partnerships of gymnasts work together and perform figures consisting of acrobatic moves, dance and tumbling, set to music.	1
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	There are three types of routines; a 'balance' routine (at FIG grade 5 and above) where the focus is on strength, poise and flexibility; a 'dynamic' routine (also FIG grade 5 and above) which includes throws, somersaults and catches, and (at FIG grade 6 and above, as well as grade 4 and below) a 'combined' routine which includes elements from both balance and dynamic.	2
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The sport is governed by the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG, an abbreviation of Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique).	3
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	At international level, there are four FIG categories of competition defined by age; 11–16, 12–18, 13–19, and 15+ (Senior).	4
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	There are also grades 1–6, with grade 5 being the same difficulty as 11–16 and grade 6 being the same difficulty as 12–18.	5
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Acrobatic gymnasts perform in pairs or groups and enter into and are judged at a specific level or age group category.	6
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In each partnership, the gymnasts' different sizes and abilities will be balanced to complement each other in order to carry out the complex moves.	7
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Some will mainly carry out supporting and pitching roles, and are known as bases.	8
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	They are then balanced with usually smaller gymnasts who become the 'tops'.	9
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In men's and women's groups there are also one or two 'middles', who are like another base who usually will support the top while balancing on the base.	10
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In competition, partnerships perform a routine to music, that has usually been choreographed specifically for them.	12
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The gymnasts carry out their acrobatic moves and combine them with dance, all in time to and in keeping with the style of the music.	13
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Partnerships are judged on artistry/dance (worth 10.0 points out of 31.5) execution of skills (marked out of 10 and doubled to give 20.0 points out of 31.5) and difficulty of skill (worth 1.5 out of 31.5).	14
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The rules for the sport, known as the Code of Points, are governed by the FIG.	15
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	These rules are subject to change every four years in line with the Olympic cycle, as in other disciplines of gymnastics.	16
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	For example, the 28th Acrobatic Gymnastics European Championships were held in Rzeszow, Poland in October 2017.	18
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	There are also numerous national, state, and regional competitions that are held in each country.	19
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Local and regional competitions often form the qualification stages required to compete at national championships.	20
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	There is no requirement from the FIG for gymnasts to have qualified through their own national championships to compete internationally, but local governing bodies will often make their national team selections based on performance at national competition.	21
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Acrobatic gymnastics events often attract sizable audiences, because they are entertaining, exhilarating, and suspenseful due to perceived risky or daring moves.	22
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	At the London 2012 Olympics, acrobatic partnerships were seen performing before the Olympic gymnastic events, and during the opening and closing ceremonies.	23
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	It has been said that its appearance, despite not being an Olympic discipline, is testament to its ability to entertain.	24
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Gold, silver, and bronze medals are generally awarded in the usual fashion; although in some competitions, a minimum score is required to qualify for medals.	25
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	At the junior and senior levels, all three routines mentioned below are required.	27
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	At lower age levels, only a single simpler routine is required.	28
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Each of the routine types has a different emphasis, but all include tumbling and dance as elements.	29
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	These moves require strength, poise, elegance and flexibility.	31
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Gymnasts will combine into towers, or pyramids with the tops holding a particular position balanced on their bases.	32
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Traditionally, balance routines were often performed to slower music, but not exclusively so.	33
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Balance routines last approximately two minutes and forty seconds.	34
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Dynamic (formerly known as Tempo) – These routines demonstrate power, strength and grace through the performance of acrobatic moves that involve the phases of spring, flight, rotation, and landing.	35
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	This often involves the base, or bases in the partnership propelling the top through the air and through a series of somersaults or twists.	36
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The top is generally caught, or supported in the landing by their base(s).	37
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Dynamic routines last approximately two minutes.	38
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Combined – At the more senior levels of competition (12–18 through senior levels), a third routine must be performed that combines both balance and dynamic moves, along with the usual tumbling and dance (tumbling is not required from senior level athletes).	39
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Typically it is performed as a finals routine, with a duration, depending upon the level of competition, of approximately 2 minutes and 30 seconds.	40
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The following are the categories in which the athletes are scored.	42
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	This is scored out of 10, but then later doubled to emphasize its importance.	44
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	a difficulty component which is the overall equivalent score based on the degree of difficulty and number of skills (the difficulty score is determined by the value allocated to skills according to the Code of Points).	45
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Scores over thirty are not uncommon, as difficulty points are not limited.	46
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	For Senior Elites the difficulty has no cap, meaning that they can exceed 30.00 by having a lot of difficulty.	47
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In acrobatic gymnastics, there are then difficulty judges (DJ) who only assess the difficulty of the elements in the routines; artistic judges (AJ) who only assess the performance and artistic merits of the routine; and execution judges (EJ) who only judge what points should be deducted based on imperfect execution of individual elements in the routine.	49
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The numbers of each type of judge on an acrobatic panel depends on the level of the competition and can vary from one to many (with the exception of the Chair, as there is only one CJP per panel).	50
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In addition to the current five categories, two additional categories for tumbling (men's and women's) were included until the 1999 World Championships, though some groups still involve tumbling events.	52
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	In the United States, the first national sports acrobatics organization was called the United States Sports Acrobatics Federation (USSAF).	53
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	Founded in 1975, its name was changed to the United States Sports Acrobatics (USSA) in the 1990s.	54
8,283,404	Acrobatic gymnastics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic%20gymnastics	The USSA then merged with USA Gymnastics in 2002, and Acrobatic Gymnastics is now a discipline therein.	55
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	In the Bible, Melchizedek (, , 'king of righteousness,' 'my king is righteousness,' or ‘my king is Zedek’), also transliterated Melchisedech or Malki Tzedek, was the king of Salem and priest of (often translated as 'most high God').	1
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	He is first mentioned in Genesis 14:18–20, where he brings out bread and wine and then blesses Abram and El Elyon.	2
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	In Christianity, according to the Epistle to the Hebrews, Jesus is identified as "High priest forever in the order of Melchizedek", and so Jesus assumes the role of High Priest once and for all.	3
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Chazalic literature – specifically Targum Jonathan, Targum Yerushalmi, and the Babylonian Talmud – presents his name () as a nickname for Shem.	4
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Joseph Blenkinsopp has suggested that the story of Melchizedek is an informal insertion into the Genesis narration, possibly inserted in order to give validity to the priesthood and tithes connected with the Second Temple.	5
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	It has also been conjectured that the suffix “-zedek” may have been or become a reference to a Canaanite deity worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem.	6
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	An Ugaritic reference older than 12th century BCE to a god named ('righteousness') has also been found, a possible forerunner of the inclusion of Zedek in personal names.	7
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Zedek probably personified the justice function of the sun god Shamash, a deity considered the possible tutelary deity of Jerusalem.	8
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The Authorised King James Version of 1611 renders the name "Melchizedek" when translating from the Hebrew, and "Melchisedec" in the New Testament.	10
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The name is composed from the two elements: , 'king', and , which means either 'righteousness' or the proper name Zedek.	11
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	With the addition of the compaginis () indicating the archaic construct form, means 'king of', so that the name literally translates to 'king of righteousness' or 'my king is Zedek', indicating that he worshipped Zedek, a Canaanite deity worshipped in pre-Israelite Jerusalem.	12
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The latter, however, is often dismissed, although Robert R. Cargill has recently argued in favour of that etymology.	13
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Mainstream scholarly understanding of these names ("My King is Righteousness" and "My Lord is Righteousness" respectively) is that they refer to the concept of righteousness and not to a god.	14
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The name is formed in parallel with , also a king of Salem, mentioned in Joshua 10:1–3, where the element ('king') is replaced by ('lord').	15
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Parallel theophoric names, with Sedeq replaced by Yahu, are those of Malchijah and Adonijah, both biblical characters placed in the time of David.	16
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	It has been speculated that verses 18–20 (in which Melchizedek appears) are an informal insertion into the narration, as they interrupt the account of the meeting of Abraham with the king of Sodom.	18
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	There is no consensus on when or why the story might have been added.	19
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	It may have been inserted in order to give validity to the priesthood and tithes connected with the Second Temple.	20
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	It also may have been inserted to give validity to the superiority of the Zadokite priests over the Levite priests.	21
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Lebanese Protestant scholar Kamal Salibi (1929–2011) observes that , which literally does mean 'tenth', might more loosely be used to mean 'portion', and , or 'from all', might refer just to food in the giver's possession, so that the whole verse might mean "He gave him a portion of food".	22
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Genesis 14:18 introduces Melchizedek, a "Priest of the Most High God" (), a term which is re-used in Genesis 14:19–20 and Genesis 14:22.	23
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The term "Most High" is used another twenty times to refer to the God of Israel in the Psalms.	24
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Giorgio Levi Della Vida (1944) suspects that this is a late development, and Joseph Fitzmyer (1962) connects Genesis 14 with the mention of a god called "Most High," who may appear according to one of three possible translations of a 750 BC inscription found at Al-Safirah in Syria.	25
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Remi Lack (1962) considers that the Genesis verses were taken over by Jewish redactor(s), for whom El was already identified with YHWH, El-Elyon became an epithet for the God of Israel.	26
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Most translations of this verse preserve the ambiguity, "he gave to him", but some modern translations make explicit the mainstream interpretation of Abram being the giver and Melchizedek the recipient.	28
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, the Book of Jubilees, Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, and Rashi all read Abram as the giver of the tithe to Melchizedek.	29
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	The Rogatchover Gaon, also understanding Abram to be the tithe giver, comments that the presented tithe was not a standard tithe (Maaser Rishon) as described in the Torah (given on an annual basis), but was a one-time "tribute offering" (, ), such as Moses gave to God in Numbers 31:41.	30
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Expressing a kabbalistic point of view, the Zohar commentary to Genesis 14 cites Rabbi Yitzchak as saying that it was God who gave a tithe to Abram in the form of removing the Hebrew letter from his own throne of glory and presenting it to the soul of Abram for his benefit.	31
8,285,608	Melchizedek	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchizedek	Rabbi Meir Simcha of Dvinsk (1843–1926) interprets the phrase "And he gave him tithe from all" as a verbal continuation of Melchizedek's speech, i.e., Melchizedek exclaimed that God had chosen to gift Abram a tenth of God's possession of the entire human race (consisting of seventy nations as described in Genesis) in the form of the seven nations of the land of Canaan, including the cities of Sodom that Abram succeeded in saving.	32

8,282,374

Tropical cyclone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20cyclone

Long and irregular shifts may lead to sleep deprivation and fatigue, increasing the risk of injuries, and workers may experience mental stress associated with a traumatic incident.

398

8,282,374

Tropical cyclone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20cyclone

Additionally, heat stress is a concern as workers are often exposed to hot and humid temperatures, wear protective clothing and equipment, and have physically difficult tasks.

399

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The Ovambo () language is a dialect cluster spoken by the Ovambo people in southern Angola and northern Namibia, of which the written standards are Kwanyama and Ndonga.

1

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The native name for the language is Oshiwambo (also written Oshivambo), which is also used specifically for the Kwanyama and Ndonga dialects.

2

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

It is the largest spoken local language in Namibia, particularly by the Ovambo people.

3

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The language is closely related to that of the Herero and Himba, the Herero language (Otjiherero).

4

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

An obvious sign of proximity is the prefix used for language and dialect names, Proto-Bantu *ki- (class 7, as in the name of the Swahili language, Kiswahili), which in Herero has evolved to Otji- and in Ovambo further to Oshi-.

5

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The population, estimated at between 700,000 and 750,000, fluctuates remarkably.

7

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

This is because of the indiscriminate border drawn up by the Portuguese and German Empires during colonial rule, which cut through the Oukwanyama tribal area, placing some in Angola and others in Namibia.

8

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

This results in regular cross-border movement.

9

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

There are approximately one million Oshiwambo speakers in Namibia and Angola.

10

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

Though it is mainly spoken in the northern regions of Namibia, it is widely spoken across the rest of the country by populations of migrant workers from Ovamboland.

11

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

These workers comprise a large part of the population in many towns, particularly in the south, where there are jobs in the mining industry.

12

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

For example, in Lüderitz, an 18-hour drive from Ovamboland, at least 50% of the population speaks Oshiwambo.

13

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

Despite extensive speculation, their origin remains unknown.

15

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The country was called Ovamboland and Amboland by the German colonial authorities.

16

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

In English, Ovamboland predominates, though Ambo country is sometimes used, and in English publications from Namibia, Owamboland, Wamboland, and Owambo are seen.

17

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The endemic forms are Aawambo (Ndonga) and Ovawambo (Kwanyama); the singular in both cases is Omuwambo.

19

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The language is generally called Ovambo, Ambo, or Oshiwambo in English; the endonym in both standards is Oshiwambo.

20

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The Ovambo now predominantly follow Christian theology, prayer rituals and festivities, but some of the traditional religious practices have continued, such as the use of ritual sacred fire.

22

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

They also invoke their supreme creator Kalunga.

23

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

Thus, the Ovamba have preferred a syncretic form of Christianity and Oshiwambo culture is more dominant in the northern part of the country.

24

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The following table contains the names, areas, dialect names and the locations of the Ovambo tribes according to T. E. Tirronen's Ndonga-English Dictionary.

25

8,283,402

Ovambo language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovambo%20language

The table also contains information concerning which noun class of Proto-Bantu the words belong to.

26

8,283,404

Acrobatic gymnastics