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---
license: mit
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
tags:
- solar-wind
- omni
- wind-speed
- space-weather
pretty_name: Solar Wind Forecasting Dataset
---
# Solar Wind Forecasting Dataset
## Dataset Summary
This dataset provides hourly solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters at L1, derived from NASA’s OMNI dataset. The primary forecasting target is the solar wind speed (`V`), while additional parameters are included for completeness:
- Solar wind speed (`V`)
- IMF Bx (GSE)
- IMF By (GSM)
- IMF Bz (GSM)
- Proton number density (`N`)
The dataset is structured for machine learning experiments, particularly in this collection for evaluating foundation model efficiency for space weather forecasting tasks. Temporal coverage spans from **May 13, 2010 to December 31, 2024**, with splits designed for consistent training, validation, and testing across years.
## Supported Tasks and Applications
- `time-series forecasting`: Predicting future solar wind speed from past observations.
- `regression`: Using solar wind parameters for supervised forecasting tasks.
## Dataset Structure
### Data Files
- `train.csv`: Instances from Feb 15 to Dec 31 in each year between 2010–2019
- `validation.csv`: Instances from Jan 15–31 of each year between 2010–2019
- `test.csv`: All instances from each year between 2020–2024
- `leaky_validation.csv`: Instances from Jan 1–14 and Feb 1-14 of each year between 2010–2019
### Features
Each row contains hourly measurements with the following fields:
- `V`: Solar wind speed (km/s) [primary target]
- `Bx_gse`, `By_gsm`, `Bz_gsm`: IMF components (nT)
- `N`: Proton number density (cm⁻³)
## Dataset Details
| Field | Description |
|-------------------------|--------------------------------------|
| **Temporal Coverage** | May 13, 2010 – Dec 31, 2024 |
| **File Format** | CSV (.csv) |
| **Data Shape** | (1, 5) per timestep |
| **Number of Time Steps**| 119,225 |
| **Cadence** | 1 hour |
| **Forecast Target** | Solar wind speed (`V`) |
## Authors
- Vishal Upendran, [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])
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