---
license: cc-by-4.0
tags:
  - remote-sensing
  - satellite-imagery
  - agriculture
  - classification
  - multi-label
  - bounding-box
dataset_type: image-classification
pretty_name: CAFOSat Dataset
size_categories:
  - 10K<n<100K
---

# CAFOSat: CAFO Infrastructure Dataset

CAFOSat is a remote sensing dataset designed for identifying and classifying Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) across various U.S. states. It includes high-resolution image patches, infrastructure annotations, bounding boxes, and experimental train-test splits for multiple configurations.

## 🔗 Resources

- **GitHub Repository:** [oishee-hoque/CAFOSat](https://github.com/oishee-hoque/CAFOSat)
- **Explore the Dataset:** [CAFOSat Data Loader and Examples](https://github.com/oishee-hoque/CAFOSat/tree/main/data_loader)

![image/png](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/682f98451d2997678a5b17a0/PtJszVE2tVwO_fl1ZoM0i.png)
---



## Dataset Structure

The dataset is organized into extracted folders originally packaged as `.tar.gz` files:

- `STATE_filtered/`: Original patches per U.S. state  
  (e.g., `IA_filtered/`, `AL_filtered/`)
- `negative_samples/`: Verified non-CAFO examples
- `barn/`, `manure_pond/`, `others/`: Augmented synthetic patches by infrastructure type
- `CAFOSat.csv`: Master metadata file with labels, bounding boxes, and split flags

All image paths referenced in the CSV point to these extracted folders. 
📄 Example data loader available [here](https://github.com/oishee-hoque/CAFOSat/tree/main/data_loader).


---

## 🔖 Image File Reference (`patch_file`)

Each row in the metadata includes a `patch_file` field that provides the relative path to the associated image file.

Example:  
-`IA_filtered.tar.gz::IA_filtered/crop_4517_patch_10147_Swine_Nursery_IA.tif`

- `barn.tar.gz::`barn/aug_patch_00123.tif`
  
- `negative_sample.tar.gz::`barn/neg_patch_00098.tif`
---

## Features (CAFOSat.csv)

| Column                                | Description                                                                 |
|---------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `patch_file`                          | Path to the image file                                                     |
| `label`                               | Integer label for class (0–6)                                              |
| `barn`, `manure_pond`, `grazing_area`, `others` | Binary flags indicating infrastructure types                              |
| `geom_bbox`                           | Bounding box coordinates `[x1, y1, x2, y2]`                                 |
| `geometry`                            | Geospatial polygon outlining the CAFO region                               |
| `poly_crs`                            | Coordinate reference system used for `geometry`                            |
| `patch_crs`                           | Coordinate reference system used for the image patch                       |
| `category`                            | CAFO class name (e.g., Swine, Dairy)                                       |
| `state`                               | U.S. state where the patch is located                                      |
| `verified_label`                      | Boolean indicating if the label is human-verified                          |
| `CAFO_UNIQUE_ID`                      | Unique identifier for each CAFO facility                                   |
| `image_type`                          | Image variant type: `augmented` else real                                  |
| `orig_patch_file`                     | Name/path of the original patch (applicable if the image_type is `augmented`)       |
| `prompt`                              | Text prompt or description for generative/semantic use (if applicable)     |
| `weak_x`, `weak_y`                    | Collected CAFO center coordinates                                          |
| `refined_x`, `refined_y`              | Refined CAFO center coordinates                                            |
| `patch_res`                           | Spatial resolution of the patch in meters per pixel 
| `split columns` | Flags for different train/test/val splits           |

---
## 🧪 Train/Test/Val Split Flags

These are boolean-like flags (`True`/`False`) that indicate inclusion in various dataset splits:

- `cafosat_verified_training_train`, `cafosat_verified_training_test`, `cafosat_verified_training_val`
- `cafosat_all_training_*`
- `cafosat_training_set1_*`, `set2_*`
- `cafosat_merged_training_*`
- `cafosat_augmented_training_*`

Each flag is a binary indicator (`1` = in split, `0` = excluded).

---

## Labels

| Class ID | Class Name     |
|----------|----------------|
| 0        | Negative        |
| 1        | Swine           |
| 2        | Dairy           |
| 3        | Beef            |
| 4        | Poultry         |
| 5        | Horses          |
| 6        | Sheep/Goats     |

---
## 📌 Intended Use

- **CAFO detection and classification** – Identify and categorize CAFO facilities from aerial imagery.
- **CAFO area detection with bounding box** – Localize CAFOs using annotated bounding box coordinates.
- **Agricultural infrastructure mapping** – Map features like barns, manure ponds, and grazing areas.
- **Weak supervision and semi-supervised learning** – Leverage partially labeled data for model development.
- **Remote sensing benchmark development** – Support standardized evaluation for remote sensing tasks.

---

## Citation

*TBD

---

## License

This dataset is released under the [CC BY 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

You are free to share, use, and adapt the data with attribution.


## Contact

For questions or contributions, contact `gza5dr@virginia.edu`.