| { | |
| "act_title": "The Carriage By Air Act, 1934", | |
| "act_no": "XX", | |
| "act_year": "1934", | |
| "publication_date": "19/07/2025", | |
| "sections": [ | |
| { | |
| "section_content": "1. (1) This Act may be called theCarriage By Air Act, 1934.(2) It extends to the whole of Bangladesh.(3) It shall come into force on such date as the Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, appoint." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "section_content": "2. (1) The rules contained in the First Schedule, being the provisions of the Convention relating to the rights and liabilities of carriers, passengers, consignors, consignees and other persons, shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have the force of law in Bangladesh in relation to any carriage by air to which those rules apply, irrespective of the nationality of the aircraft performing the carriage.(2) The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, certify who are the High Contracting Parties to the Convention, in respect of what territories they are parties, and to what extent they have availed themselves of the Additional Protocol to the Convention, and any such notification shall be conclusive evidence of the matters certified therein.(3) Any reference in the First Schedule to the territory of any High Contracting Party to the Convention shall be construed as a reference to all the territories in respect of which he is a party.(3A) Any reference in the First Schedule to agents of the carrier shall be construed as including a reference to servants of the carrier.(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in theFatal Accidents Act, 1855, or any other enactment or rule of law in force in2[Bangladesh], the rules contained in the First Schedule shall, in all cases to which those rules apply, determine the liability of a carrier in respect of the death of a passenger, and the rules contained in the Second Schedule shall determine the persons by whom and for whose benefit and the manner in which such liability may be enforced.(5) Any sum in francs mentioned in rule 22 of the First Schedule shall, for the purpose of any action against a carrier, be converted into3[Taka] at the rate of exchange prevailing on the date on which the amount of damages to be paid by the carrier is ascertained by the Court." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "section_content": "3. (1) Every High Contracting Part to the Convention who has not availed himself of the provisions of the Additional Protocol thereto shall, for the purposes of any suit brought in a Court in Bangladesh in accordance with the provisions of rule 28 of the First Schedule to enforce a claim in respect of carriage undertaken by him, be deemed to have submitted to the jurisdiction of that Court and to be a person for the purposes of theCode of Civil Procedure, 1908.(2) The4[Supreme Court] may make rules of procedure providing for all matters which may be expedient to enable such suits to be instituted and carried on.(3) Nothing in this section shall authorize any Court to attach or sell any property of a High Contracting Party to the Convention." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "section_content": "4. The Government may, by notification in the official Gazette, apply the rules contained in the First Schedule and any provision of section 2 to such carriage by air, not being international carriage by air as defined in the First Schedule, as may by specified in the notification, subject however to such exceptions, adaptations and modifications, if any, as may be so specified." | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "footnotes": [ | |
| { | |
| "footnote_text": "1Throughout this Act, except otherwise provided, the words \"Bangladesh\" and \"Government\" were substituted, for the words \"Pakistan\" and \"Central Government\" respectively by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of theBangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973(Act No. VIII of 1973)" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "footnote_text": "2The word \"Bangladesh\" was substituted, for the words \"any part of Pakistan\" by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of theBangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973(Act No. VIII of 1973)" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "footnote_text": "3The word \"Taka\" was substituted, for the word \"rupees\" by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of theBangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973(Act No. VIII of 1973)" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "footnote_text": "4The words \"Supreme Court\" were substituted, for the words \"High Court\" by section 3 and 2nd Schedule of theBangladesh Laws (Revision And Declaration) Act, 1973(Act No. VIII of 1973)" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "copyright_info": { | |
| "copyright_text": "Copyright©2019, Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs DivisionMinistry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs" | |
| }, | |
| "source_url": "http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-print-165.html", | |
| "fetch_timestamp": "2025-07-19 02:09:02", | |
| "csv_metadata": { | |
| "act_title_from_csv": "The Carriage By Air Act, 1934", | |
| "act_no_from_csv": "XX", | |
| "act_year_from_csv": "1934", | |
| "is_repealed": false | |
| }, | |
| "token_count": 823, | |
| "language": "english", | |
| "government_context": { | |
| "govt_system": "British Colonial Rule", | |
| "position_head_govt": "Governor of Bengal", | |
| "head_govt_name": "Sir John Anderson", | |
| "head_govt_designation": "Governor of Bengal Province", | |
| "how_got_power": "British Crown appointment", | |
| "period_years": "1932-1937", | |
| "years_in_power": 5 | |
| }, | |
| "processing_info": { | |
| "processed_timestamp": "2025-07-19 19:33:20", | |
| "enhanced_with_reducer": true, | |
| "enhanced_with_govt_context": true, | |
| "language_detected": "english", | |
| "token_count": 682, | |
| "legal_context_added": true, | |
| "legal_context_timestamp": "2025-07-19 20:26:26", | |
| "year_standardized": true, | |
| "year_standardization_timestamp": "2025-07-19 20:35:59", | |
| "token_count_updated": true, | |
| "token_count_update_timestamp": "2025-07-19 20:56:08", | |
| "previous_token_count": 682, | |
| "accurate_token_count": 823 | |
| }, | |
| "legal_system_context": { | |
| "period_info": { | |
| "period_name": "British Crown Rule", | |
| "year_range": "1858-1947", | |
| "act_year": 1934 | |
| }, | |
| "legal_framework": { | |
| "primary_laws": [ | |
| "Government of India Act 1858", | |
| "Indian Penal Code 1860", | |
| "Code of Civil Procedure 1908", | |
| "Evidence Act 1872" | |
| ], | |
| "court_system": [ | |
| "High Courts (1861)", | |
| "District Courts", | |
| "Magistrate Courts" | |
| ], | |
| "legal_basis": "Codified British-Indian legal system", | |
| "enforcement_mechanism": "Imperial Police Service and civil courts" | |
| }, | |
| "government_system": { | |
| "type": "Crown Colony Administration", | |
| "structure": "Viceroy and provincial governors", | |
| "revenue_collection": "Imperial taxation system", | |
| "administrative_units": [ | |
| "Provinces", | |
| "Districts", | |
| "Sub-districts" | |
| ] | |
| }, | |
| "policing_system": { | |
| "law_enforcement": "Police Act 1861 - structured police force", | |
| "military_police": "Imperial Police Service", | |
| "jurisdiction": "Provincial police under colonial control" | |
| }, | |
| "land_relations": { | |
| "tenure_system": "Zamindari, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems", | |
| "property_rights": "Colonial property law framework", | |
| "revenue_system": "Land revenue administration", | |
| "peasant_status": "Various tenant classes with limited rights" | |
| }, | |
| "key_characteristics": [ | |
| "Codification of laws (Penal Code, CPC, Evidence Act)", | |
| "Structured civil service system", | |
| "Constitutional developments (1909, 1919, 1935 Acts)", | |
| "Bengal Tenancy Act 1885 and amendments", | |
| "Emergency powers and martial law provisions" | |
| ], | |
| "context_added_timestamp": "2025-07-19 20:26:26" | |
| } | |
| } |