Datasets:
Add comprehensive dataset README
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README.md
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- flare-prediction
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- astronomy
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- time-series
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- computer-vision
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- deep-learning
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- iccv2025
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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task_categories:
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- time-series-forecasting
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- image-classification
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pretty_name: FlareBench
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---
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# FlareBench
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07847)
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[](https://keio-smilab25.github.io/DeepSWM)
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### Why FlareBench?
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Most conventional datasets for solar flare prediction do not cover diverse solar activity states. Consequently, models trained on such datasets can exhibit biases towards specific periods of solar activity. Furthermore, many datasets contain only small, low-resolution sunspot patches.
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**FlareBench presents unique challenges:**
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- Requires modeling long-term, diverse solar states spanning the entire 11-year solar cycle
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- Demands computationally efficient architectures for multi-wavelength images capturing multi-layered physical phenomena
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- Handles highly imbalanced class distributions that vary significantly across different years
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## 🗂️ Dataset Structure
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│ │ ├── ...
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│ │ └── 2024/
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│ └── hmi/ # Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager
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│ ├── 2011/ # 📊 Data available (Jan-Dec 2011)
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│ ├── 2012/ # 📂 Same structure as 2011, no data files
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│ └── ...
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└── xrs/ # X-Ray Sensor data from GOES satellites
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├── 2011/ # 📊 Data available (full year)
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├── 2012/ # 📂 Same structure as 2011, no data files
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└── ...
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```
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##
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- **Total Samples**: 95,837 (after quality filtering)
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- **Time Period**: June 2011 - November 2022 (full solar cycle)
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- **Temporal Resolution**: 1-hour cadence
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- **Spatial Resolution**: Full-disk solar observations
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- **Class Distribution**:
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- X-class: 1,750 samples (1.8%)
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- M-class: 13,263 samples (13.8%)
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- C-class: 34,978 samples (36.5%)
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- No-flare: 47,775 samples (49.9%)
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### Data Composition
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**Solar Images:**
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- **AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly)**: Multi-wavelength extreme ultraviolet observations capturing the multi-layered coronal atmosphere
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- **HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager)**: Line-of-sight and vector magnetic field observations from the photosphere
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**X-Ray Sensor Data:**
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- **XRS**: Solar X-ray flux measurements from GOES satellites
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- **Formats**: Both CSV and NetCDF files
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- **Content**: Raw and processed solar X-ray flux data
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## 🎯 Prediction Task
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FlareBench focuses on predicting the **maximum class of solar flare within the next 24 hours**, following standard approaches in solar flare prediction research. The prediction classes are:
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##
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- Your research affiliation
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- Brief description of your research project
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- Intended use of the dataset
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- Preferred data transfer method
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If you use FlareBench in your research, please cite our ICCV 2025 paper:
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```bibtex
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@
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title={
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author={
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}
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```
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##
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- **Paper**: [arXiv:2508.07847](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.07847)
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- **Project Page**: [https://keio-smilab25.github.io/DeepSWM](https://keio-smilab25.github.io/DeepSWM)
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- **Code**: https://github.com/keio-smilab25/DeepSWM
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## 📄 License
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This dataset is released under the **Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)**.
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## 🤝 Acknowledgments
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This dataset is built using observations from:
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- **Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)**: NASA's flagship solar observation mission
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- **GOES Satellites**: NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
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## 📞 Contact
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For questions, issues, or collaboration opportunities:
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- **Primary Contact**: Shunya Nagashima - [email protected]
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- **Institution**: Keio University
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- flare-prediction
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- astronomy
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- time-series
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size_categories:
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- 10K<n<100K
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---
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# FlareBench Dataset
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This dataset contains solar observation data for solar flare prediction research, specifically focusing on the year 2011.
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## Dataset Structure
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```
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solar_images/
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└── aia/
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├── 2011/
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├── 2012/
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├── 2013/
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└── ...
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```
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## Data Description
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- **solar_images/aia/**: AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly) solar images from SDO
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- Multi-wavelength solar observations
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- Organized by year and date
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- FITS format files with calibrated data
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## License
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This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:
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```bibtex
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@dataset{flarebench2024,
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title={FlareBench: A Comprehensive Dataset for Solar Flare Prediction},
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author={[Author Names]},
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year={2024},
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publisher={Hugging Face},
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url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/sh237/FlareBench}
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}
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```
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## Contact
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For questions or issues regarding this dataset, please contact [contact information].
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